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Fraud against corporate executives; loss prevention education workshop

Fraud is a crime that many criminal justice experts consider slippery in nature because of the obscure angles and forms it can take, and fraud is not identified until after the crime is committed. Identity theft is an example of how fraud can take the form of another person through the theft of information that makes the criminal obtain everything the person has in the form of assets, belongings, and money.

Please answer the following questions listed below. As you answer each question, you must provide support or evidence that will enhance and empirically prove your answers. Academic criminal justice articles or real life criminal justice findings that are not found in journals or other academic sources must be cited in supporting your answers. Please use APA style for all cited sources including your reference page.

-How would you protect corporate executives of fraudulent acts against them? What would be your plan of action? How would you implement your measures?

-If you were requested by the chairman of the corporation to create a loss prevention education workshop for the corporate executives, how would you create it for implementation? What would be the mechanisms that you would use to evaluate that the lessons being learned in the workshop are working toward loss prevention?

-Please use examples to accentuate your plans and theories through academic criminal justice subject matter or real life criminal justice examples that are not in academic journals.

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There several ways in which corporate trade can be prevented such as setting an ethical tone that starts from the top management being the first way. This requires different organizations to come up with a code of conduct that would reflect its ethics and values. This code of conduct must be managed and a demonstration of commitment to following the codes displayed. Establishing regular fraud detection procedures such as regular internal auditing procedures which are specifically designed to aid in fraud detection is also another method. These procedures normally discourage employees from committing fraud. I would advise corporate executives to have a confidential hotline which is available 24/7 and operated by a third party who is a professional in identifying and uncovering fraud. In addition, I would encourage the corporate executives to involve their suppliers in their efforts of detecting fraud. Employees who are honest may work with their suppliers so as to discover any fraudulent schemes that an employer or any other supplier may be committing. This may be a form of kick back to such illegal acts. Finally, I would ask the corporate executives to conduct a background check which is a simple action that prevents the executive from hiring any individual with a history of employer theft. This will create an environment for hiring the best ...

Solution Summary

Fraud against corporate executives and loss prevention education work is examined.


What Happens to Safeguards if the NPT Goes?

  • David Fischer
Part of the Issues in International Security book series (IIS)

Since 1989 the international scene has changed almost beyond recognition. It was then possible to speculate that the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) might lapse because the United States and the Soviet Union would fail to reverse the nuclear arms race and that large numbers of nonnuclear-weapon states (NNWSs), exasperated by the contempt with which the nuclear-weapon states (NWSs) appeared to regard their obligations under the NPT, would oppose any significant extension of the treaty. Or that, in an even worse case, a continuing nuclear arms race would lead to a crisis in superpower relations and put an end to their cooperation in nonproliferation matters. They would no longer be able to work together in preventing the termination of the NPT; the international community would plunge into a crisis of insecurity and the rest of the world would turn to the nuclear option.

European Union International Atomic Energy Agency Power Reactor Nuclear Weapon Nuclear Export

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes and References

  1. William C.Potter, “Nuclear Exports From the Former Soviet Union: What’s New, What’sTrue,” Arms Control Today(January/February 1993), pp. 3–10Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1995

Authors and Affiliations

  • David Fischer
    • 1
  1. 1.International Atomic Energy AgencyViennaAustria

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Global Climate Change Is Not A Myth Essay

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Political Behavior in Latin America : The Citizen in Transition (Hardcover) (Orlando J. Pu00e9rez)

Political Behavior in Latin America : The Citizen in Transition (Hardcover) (Orlando J. Pu00e9rez) - image 1 of 1

About this item

By analyzing the key theories of political behavior in the context of Latin America, Orlando Pérez illustrates the impact, nature, and limits of democratization. This book fills a longstanding gap in comparative politics by tying together the transformations in political institutions and processes in the developing world and the empirical data on political participation among the citizens of these countries.

Using AmericasBarometer, the most extensive and empirically grounded series of public opinion data ever conducted in Latin America, plus extensive examination of the available aggregate data on election results and turnout this book sheds light on citizen participation by answering the following questions: Why citizens vote? What factors shape their electoral choices? How and why do citizens support particular political parties? When, how, and why do citizens engage in politics? What role do parties and political candidates play in the levels of political engagement? What are the determinants of conventional and unconventional citizen participation, and how does each shape the nature of politics in Latin America? How, why, and under what circumstances do citizens support or oppose democracy as a political value? And what are the consequences of such support or opposition for the consolidation of democratic governance in Latin America, and by comparison the rest of the developed world?

Political Behavior in Latin America is the first comprehensive attempt to analyze empirically the factors that determine citizen participation in the region using theoretically grounded and empirically sound longitudinal data. This is a must-read for all students and scholars of political behavior, comparative politics, and Latin American studies.

Number of Pages: 304
Genre: Political Science
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Author: Orlando J. Pu00e9rez
Language: English
Street Date: August 17, 2019
TCIN: 53323785
UPC: 9780415737746
Item Number (DPCI): 248-61-5313

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Kutiro-Balafon-Sabar = Drums Ensemble…

                                     *** Sabar Wolof Drums ***

DJembe Drum = Cries…Laughs…Talks!!!

Reference Sources: Wikipedia =

Food *Gift from the Gods*

                        ***Ritual Uses of Foods…

All ritual starts with an intention and the way magic works is that through certain steps you are able to manifest your intention. Try to always prepare and cook foods that you enjoy, as you are preparing food not only is it necessary to cook with intention, it is also necessary to visualize what magical outcome  that you are working towards, by doing this you are igniting the energies within the food and within yourself. As you eat your magic food be fully present and make sure you are thinking about that which you wish to conjure, make sure you are visualizing your ultimate magic outcome. Imagine the energy of the food not only sustaining you, but with enchantment bringing about the changes that you want, be at one with the food you eat and the magic you are creating.

 *** When using food for Ritual work always have the reason for cooking certain foods, such as cooking for love, cooking for prosperity, for health or for protection. As you handle and prepare the food have a particular goal in mind, when stirring food always stir clockwise with two stirs anti-clockwise as you finish stirring. Sharing a meal with friends or those you love is a ritual in itself, there is a certain energy associated with this simple pleasure, and with the Ritual of food our life is sustained.

 ***Agbado Corn-MaizeMagical Ways=Seed of Seeds!!!                                     Of all the grains eaten in the world, Corn Maize probably is surrounded by more legends and folklore than any other. Corn has been planted, tended, harvested and consumed for millennia, and so it’s no wonder that there are myths about the magical properties of this grain.

=== Ceres was the Roman Goddess of grain, specifically corn, and of the harvest season. According to legends, she was the one who taught mankind how to farm. She is associated with agricultural fertility and a bountiful harvest. Make her an offering, and she may well protect your crops from natural disasters such as flooding or blight.

***Sprinkle corn around your ritual area to delineate sacred space. Make a corn doll to honor the deity of your tradition Corn = Maize, is the seed of seeds. Key words associated with corn are: Sacred Mother, Protection, Luck, Divination… Corn represents fertility and is used to invoke Mother Earth. Used in ritual, it teaches the mystery of life, death, and rebirth. Many cultures gave corn, which is regarded as a food of prosperity, protection, and spirituality, a special God or Goddess of its own.

The Magical Aspects of Corn:  It is a symbol of fertility and is often used to invoke Mother Earth. Whether it is used as a centerpiece, a wreath for your front door, or as a delicious side dish at your next meal, corn pops up in a variety of ways from mid-late summer through fall. Corn teaches us the mysteries of life, death, and rebirth. The spiritual representation of the corn and is closely related to the higher self or third eye of sacred sight, this symbol represents the saints and often depicted with a lily, and most prominently in association with royalty. Many cultures revered corn as a spiritual element, which is regarded as a symbol of longevity, prosperity, protection, and spirituality.

Hundreds of years ago food was worshiped and seen as a gift from the Gods, the energies contained within the food we eat are vital to our survival. You will find food all the more enjoyable as you approach it from a magical perspective, and every meal can be a wonderful act of alchemy that magically changes the food you prepare into a beautiful meal for you and yours to enjoy and energized by. When eating be conscious of the higher power existing in the foods, this way each meal can be a celebration, and cooking will take on an entirely new tone.

The Ancient Egyptians used food as a means of exchange and food was stocked in the tombs as a gift to the Gods. Corn has been used by various tribes over the centuries and used in rituals, it is a symbol of fertility, life, eternity and resurrection. Corn was also used for divination purposes, it was practiced by the Ancient Aztecs, it was often used in elaborate healing ceremonies. Corn is still considered sacred by many tribes and is treated with great reverence, it is thought to bring blessing and heightened spiritual enlightenment.

 *** It’s believed that burying a sheaf of corn while uttering a curse will cause your enemies to die–they will rot from the inside as the corn decays in the soil. Use corn in rituals involving growth and transformation. After all, a single kernel brings you a tall stalk full of more kernels! You can also associate it with self-sustainability and fertility, both of people and of the land.

                      ***Epo Pupa = Red Palm Oil Offerings…

***Ritual Uses of Palms in Traditional Medicine…

Palms are prominent elements in African traditional medicines. In some rituals, Palms play a central role as sacred objects, for example the seeds accompany oracles and Palm leaves are used in offerings. In other cases, Palms are added as a support to other powerful ingredients,  Palm oil used as a medium to blend and make coherent the healing mixture.

Traditional medicines in rural sub-Saharan communities recognize that the occurrence of disease can result from the intrusion of negative supernatural forces. These forces are often defined as  sorcerers, broken taboos, displeased Ancestor spirits or deities… Afflictions which are mostly related to the action of the malevolent forces are either serious and chronic or emerging suddenly and unexpectedly.  Thus, traditional healers often apply divination and various rituals in order to understand the overall significance of a healing process and counteract its cause. Since palms are part of the everyday life of nearly all rural people in Africa, it may be expected that they are also important in the spiritual framework of rural life in Africa.

 The Palm fruit is made up of three carpels that fuse to form a drupe with one or a few seeds, covered by a thin seed coat.  Palm seeds are often called Palm kernels or Palm nuts. Perhaps palms bring justice because they are associated with understanding, peace, and harmony, or with indwelling tree spirits themselves. Palm leaves also served in various ceremonies, rituals and religious festivities. In Benin, the Palm has been recently reported as sacred and protected where ever it grows because it is seen as the realization on earth of the God Fa. Nobody is allowed to cut it down or to use its fruits for making oil…

All parts of the palms were used in rituals, but the most commonly used part was the leaf, followed by the fruit and oil extracted from the fruit, seed, entire Palm tree, sap in the form of Palm wine, root and inflorescence. In some treatments, the Palm is the actual sacred object or the central element of ritual practices, for example entire Palm trees determine sacred places, Palm seeds accompany oracles and Palm leaves serve in offerings. Continuous interactions with the spiritual world are axiomatically absorbed in childhood, and subsequently reinforced in every phase of life.

***Palm Oil is called various things all over the world. The Yoruba  call it Epo Pupa–Red Oil whereas it is called “Manteca Corojo” in Spanish. Traditionally, it is a common cooking ingredient dating back centuries, but to the Orishas… it is the food of choice…

                        Eja Gbigbe = Dried Fish…

Fresh fish rapidly deteriorates unless some way can be found to preserve it. Drying is a method of food preservation that works by removing water from the food, which inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Open air drying using sun and wind has been practiced since Ancient times to preserve food.  Fish are preserved through such traditional methods as drying, smoking and salting. Drying food is the world’s oldest known preservation method, and dried fish has a storage life of several years.

 Eja Gbigbe = Dried Fish  the curled up brown thing you see in the above Photograph is a different breed. You see it all over the markets hung up on long poles or stacked high in buckets. If you don’t see it first, you will definitely smell it. The fish, usually either catfish or small eel, is dried with all the bones and guts inside. It tastes a bit salty and mostly takes on the flavor of whatever soup/stew you eat it with. The fish is treated with salt, either in form of strong brine or a surface coating of dry salt. This combination of reduced moisture and salt inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria, a basic principle of all cure meats.

The Significance of Yams…

Yam Festival:  It marks the first harvest of Yams during the autumn season, after the monsoon season. The Yam is the staple food crop in West Africa. The first harvest of Yams during the autumnal season, subsequent to the monsoon season. Yam festival has both religious and economic significance. Religiously, the festival is used to thank the God and the Ancestors for the new harvest and to traditionally outdoor the new yam.

The first offering of the crop is made to the Ancestral Gods by the chief priests; the religious rites includes taking the Yams on the second day of the festival in a procession to the Ancestral ground. Music and dance are part of the festivities, the festival is also popular because the Priests supervise  the performance of the ablution ceremony by cleaning all the Ancestral shrines. The Yam is carried by the Priests in a colorful procession for offering to the Ancestors buried in the burial chambers. Only after this offering is completed are people allowed to consume the new crop of yam. A day is observed as a mourning day for the Ancestors and also to keep a fast…

   Reference Sources: Wikipedia =

Iyerosun = Opon-Ifa…

                     The Divining Powder (Iyerosun)

Ogbegbarada Adebayo Ebo-Riru

                    ***Opon = Ifa Divination Board…

Yoruba Traditional Wood Carving

Reference Sources: Wikipedia = William Bascom =  Ifasola Ogundabe Ajigbotifa

Atare = Agbon = Odidere…

                         *** Agbon = The Coconut Oracle ***

 Coconut Palm Tree = “Tree of Life from heaven”

Parrot =  Odidere = Ayekooto :  The World Reject Truth

  Reference Sources: Wikipedia =

Ogbo Edan *** Ogboni Society…

*** Good Character Is What Adorns A Man…

               (( Ogboye, Ogboran, Ogbo Edan!))

Ooni Adesoji Aderemi Ile-Ife Yoruba

Olori Oluwo Ogboni Ibadan

Oluaye Oba Ogboni Agbaye

Ogboni Society…

Apena Ogboni Oranfe

Lanre Awoyemi Oluwo Ejaloninbu

Reference Sources:

Orogbo = Bitter Kola Spiritual Benefits…

Ify Asia Chiemeziem Museum…

Reference Sources: Wikipedia = Nairaland Forum = Omo Oodua = Naij.com = Stay Well World = Babalawo Obanifa

Opele = Ifa Divination Chain

The Ancient Name of Opele = Irere…

An Opele (Irere) is a divination chain used in traditional West-African Religions, notably in Ifá. A Babalawo = Bokono (Diviner) uses the Opele in order to communicate with the spirits who are able to identify the causes and solutions to personal and collective problems and restore harmony with the spirits.

Olatona Oyegbade Oyekunle = Ojugbonna Awo Osogbo

Reference Sources: Wikipedia = William Bascom

ABIKU = Born To Die Prematurely…

*** The Concept of Abiku and Emere In Yoruba Culture ***

 The knowledge we used to build a house is incomparable to the wisdom we will apply to live in it. The world in which you were born is just one model of reality. Other cultures are not failed attempts at being you; they are unique manifestations of the human spirit.

Abiku = The One Who Is Destined To Die…

Some children over time are reborn to the same mother with the previous look, sex, complexion and structure. Owing to ephemeral nature of Abiku’s life. Abiku completes several consecutive life-cycles with one mother. In some cases, the Yoruba in one of their traditional ways of deterring Abiku from reoccurring deaths after reborn deface them either by cutting their finger, ear or a deep mark in the face or back. To a great astonishment and in most cases, the Abiku on reborn would have those marks whether on the face or back

Emere and Abiku are the kind of children who make a certain pledge concerning their life duration with their mates in the Spiritual Sphere. At the expiration of their time, they die and re-unite with their mates. Some oral tradition also confirm that some Emere among them are readily married in their realm and probably bore children over there. A spirit that is referred to as Spiritual Husband – Oko Orun  will have sexual intercourse with her in her dream and this will result to miscarriage.

The Emere and Abiku if eventually cannot return to their mates, perhaps because of some spiritual appeasement made by their parents, believed to be having problems because their mates will be crossed with them for breaking the re-unification accord. The problems such person usually confronts is the misplacing or total loss of any items in their possession often, money. The solution to that may include offering sacrifice inform of food to stop such occurrence.

Abiku = The One Who Is Destined To Die…

The Abiku and Emere are very attractive because of their beauty and they love to live very close to water or coastal areas. The Emere and Abiku spirit usually roams around some areas like the side of the road, corner in the cities and villages, footpath in suburban area, jungle, inside trees like Iroko tree etc. That is why often, pregnant women are advised to desert these areas in order not to attract the spirit.

In preventing such incidence, pregnant women are advised to attach either a needle or a small white stone to the edge of their clothes. The Emere and Abiku would not be able to follow the woman because those are elements that work against them. Aside this, pregnant women are not advised to stay alone in a hidden and dark place. They should also desist from going to T junction at noon. They are also forbidden to go out at the late hours in the night and they should desist from going to coastal areas and dumping sites.

Abiku is someone, who does not care about their own suffering, they suffer with a smile. Sweetness and bitterness are two extremes that are present at all times. This is the energy of Abiku’s Ori: When we talk about Abiku we can see that a lot of people like to suffer and they do not care that they are suffering. Their feelings and their activities are always connected with suffering.

 Abiku Connection With Ori – If we look at the lives of people critically, we can easily see this. This is a trend for everyone that has Abiku energy. The reality of Abiku is connected to their Ori. One of the toughest challenges is how to treat (heal) someone who is born with the energy of Abiku

 Ifa considers the individual top priority, using all the knowledge and instruments it deals with making the individuals life good here and now, in this life. Everyone is born with some sort of predestination. It is not fate because if something is fated, then the individual has no way of affecting that. But when something is predestinated, someone can realize that or not because everyone is responsible for his own life.  In life we have all that which we can call good luck: progress, longevity, health, luck… But good goes hand-in-hand with destructive energy, and if we wish to achieve the good, we have to neutralize the bad.

 We can classify destructive energy into four basic destructive elements:                Death –  Sickness – Failure –  Confusion

 When we consider a person who has the Abiku syndrome, it means that these destructive energies are constantly stalking him and that he is under heavy influence in at least one area by some of these elements. When everything seems to go well and suddenly it seems as if one of these energies got activated and it gives out the impression of being out of the person’s control.

The energy of a spiritual society, with which it is necessary to stop excessive embroidery, pacts and similar connections, so that someone could live a good life. A person with this energy is not treated as problematical but is understood and treated to maintain the positive elements of this energy. In fact, almost everyone who has this energy present, probably has an exceptional talent and capabilities which he could, with the right treatment, develop better than other people.

This preserved knowledge can contribute a lot in the process of education, as well as treating people. People with this syndrome often go to doctors but that kind of treatment does not help and in a different extreme situation someone with that energy can live through and recover when it is no longer expected. In order to understand at least a little about this energy, we must first look into the concept of a human being and how he is understood by Ifa as well as other spiritual practices.

 A child that is not a “radical” Abiku is born normally after 9 months of pregnancy. If it belongs to the “real” Abiku which do not want to be born, it will be born before time, before the end of normal pregnancy (after 6-8 months). After the birth of the child many things start happening; the forming of its character, its personality. In this period of growth the child recognizes the people who love it and reject it. But it begins to understand the definition of its life. It begins to distance itself from people and begins to fear the life. When we look at a person within our family or among our friends we sometimes fear for him.

All this is what creates the universe of Abiku. If we go back to pregnancy and birth: some experiences of spontaneous abortion, premature death, constant illnesses or mothers decision to make an abortion – these are all actions that only Abiku can afford.

 There are Abiku actions that are called Emere. Emere is a child with a hidden behavior – at times very stubborn, rebellious, disobedient, with a passion for accidents, bold, constantly provocative, takes risks, a child who loves revenge, often gets ill, often cries without reason, always talks with itself, plays alone or simply does not want to play with other children. Sometimes Emere creates a stage for himself and also plays all the roles himself. Those who have this sort of energy often talk to their imaginary friends, complain to them and fight with them. They stand out of the traditional system. That is why we say they are stubborn, rebellious. It is not true, however, that they are rebellious only out of malice because Abiku loves to be different than his peers.

 Positive Characteristics Of Abiku:  We need to understand the following – What counts is not what we have, but what we make with what we have. That is the problem of Abiku. Those who have this energy, which we consider supernatural, need a spiritual grip so that they could turn this energy to their own advantage.

 There exists a society of Abiku, the universe of Abiku actually. One of the most dangerous Abiku aspects is the one that Abikus are always highly connected with the spiritual world. They are in the visible and invisible world at the same time. They live in both these worlds at the same time. They have nightmares, some always sleep with their eyes open, they can sleepwalk, can go to the kitchen in the middle of the night to drink water… etc.

At night Abiku can manifest itself in a way similar to a dream but in their being they do not dream anymore, they actually travel into another world where they meet their friends.  Sometimes they have many confused information about what happens to them at night. But that actually are not dreams but rather Abiku transformations because Abiku always lives a parallel life. Sometimes they wake up on the other side of the bed, sometimes they even keep falling off the bed. Abiku is in both worlds at all times. Just like children, adult Abiku can also wet their bed.

*** Abiku = The One Who Is Destined To Die… The name refers to children under twelve that died, as well as to the spirits that killed them. The general belief is, that some spirits wonder in the uninhabited wild land. These spirits, the Abiku, are sad, but mostly hungry. They try to improve their life by entering into children body. When the Abiku spirit is settled in the child body, it consumes the child food, and slowly, the child will get sick and die.

Reference Sources: Wikipedia =

The Speaking Power of Altars…

An Altar In A House Of Worship To Honor Our Ancestors…

The word Altar comes from the Latin Altārium, meaning – high  and also to the Latin Adolere, which means – to ritually burn or sacrifice. Nowadays, the Altar is the place for non-sacrificial religious rites such as communion or weddings, and is a metaphor for offerings. They do not have to be big and fancy; they can be so subtle that even the people you live with can be unaware of their existence. The purpose of an Altar is an area of focus. Here is a small area within your home which serves as your outward spiritual focus. It reminds us that there is far more to life than the everyday striving for survival and success. It is a place where the small objects that are sacred and meaningful to us can be gathered together and treated with respect.

ALTARS = An elevated place or structure, as a mound or platform, at which religious rites are performed or on which sacrifices are offered to Ancestors. A usually raised structure or place on which sacrifices are offered or incense is burned in worship —often used figuratively to describe a thing given great or undue precedence or value especially at the cost of something else sacrificed his family life on the Altar of career advancement.

Altars could be natural objects or man-made constructs. Four materials are recorded as being used in Altars: Stone – Earth – Metal & Brick. An Altar could stand alone, or it was located in the courtyard of a shrine. Altars were places where the divine and human worlds interacted. Altars were places of exchange, communication, and influence. Sacrifices were the primary medium of exchange in altar interactions & the essential act of external worship. The act of sacrifice moved the offering from the profane to the sacred, from the visible to the invisible world.

Altars can be placed anywhere, on top of a dresser, a window sill or small table. Simply create an empty space and slowly, carefully, place upon it the items which are special to you. Maybe a crystal, a cloth of inspiring color, flowers, a candle, or whatever feels appropriate. Now you have created your own personal sacred space. When you light your candle and gaze upon your Altar, it will help you to remember who you are and why we are here. Altars serve us as a great source of strength and focus for the Light.

In the fast pace of today’s world there is a growing need to reconnect to the sacred elements of life. An Altar can fulfill this need through being a powerful visible representation of the spiritual energy that surrounds and sustains us. It serves as a kind of reminder of our connection to spiritual realms.

Creating and using an Altar can be an effective means of forging a connection to higher powers. This can help infuse the most ordinary aspects of life with a divine sense of meaning. An Altar dedicated to increasing your spiritual awareness can become an energetic point of convergence for symbols that propel the human spirit forward. It can be used as a place to pray and ask for divine guidance, a place to listen to messages from the spiritual realm and a place to give thanks for blessings received.

Creating an Altar is a sacred way to call spiritual energies into your home. It reinforces your intention to invite more peace, serenity, and love into your space. It can be used for prayer, meditation, chanting, or just a place of sheer beauty and connection to the Divine. Once you create your Altar, make a daily ritual to meditate or pray near it. Use the sacred energy you’ve created to remind you of your highest spiritual intentions as you honor Mother NatureConnect with the energy of Air – Fire – Earth –  Water. Sometimes the theme for your Altar will come to you in an unexpected way.

Building Altars For Personal Transformation = Creating an Altar with the intention for transformation is a powerful way to keep your focus on your intentions. We make altars all of the time. Some we create on purpose, some out of routine habit. The photos of your family on your hearth is an altar as such as the extensive altars inside of a place of worship. “An Altar can simply reflect your spiritual truth back to you or it can be a working altar which holds your intention and prayers”. An Altar for transformation might address losing weight, healing a breakup or divorce, calling in more financial prosperity, a new relationship, a new project, or even the archetypal energy you want to invite into your life.

The very foundation of these spiritual teachings is the Law of Personal Responsibility, which states in part that we are responsible for all our experiences. By the laws that we establish with our thoughts, acts, and words, we are the creators of all our experiences. In other words, our experiences in life are reflecting back to us where we are in consciousness. In addition, great emphasis is placed upon understanding how our minds work and how we may more effectively use our minds in a way that it has been designed to be used. The teachings of this philosophy help us discern between the thoughts of our mind and the gentle promptings of our soul.

These spiritual teachings are filled with inspirational quotes, affirmations, spiritual sayings, and spiritual exercises. The spiritual light of the Living Light Philosophy illumines a path to a conscious awareness of our own soul, our own divinity, but it is up to us to make the effort to walk upon that path.

THE SPEAKING POWER OF AN ALTAR: Life and death lie in the tongue.  There are people who have the authority to speak over others. An instance is the authority of parents to either speak blessing or curse over their children. There are two ways of speaking over someone: Benediction and Malediction. The first means Blessing and the second means Curse. There is undoubtedly, power in speaking. Speaking does invoke or incite what is said, but there is something that gives spiritual essence to what is being spoken, and that is an Altar.

Altars give spiritual voice to every speaking. Through blood offered on an altar, spiritual entities affect physical beings. It speaks life for us over and above every malediction that any other Altar speaks against us. But we connect this altar through sacrifice. Altar is a place of sacrifice. Not all sacrifices are of blood but every sacrifice whether bloody or not, has a life! Quality time spent with Ancestors can be the Altar through which you connect the everlasting Altar. The underline is that you need to sacrifice on an altar that will connect you to Ancestor’s Altar.

The Power of a Personal Altar: Men who build and oil their Altars, never get deterred by, nor become victims of, the frictions of life. An Altar is a place not necessarily physical set apart for interaction with the spiritual. It is a place where our lives are powered. Our speed in life depends on the power of our Altar. If we don’t raise our own Altar, we’ll become a victim of another man’s altar. In a typical traditional African setting, each child has an Altar built for him by his parents. It is on this Altar that prayers, incantations, and most importantly, sacrifices are made for him until he gets to a reasonable age, when he’s left with the responsibility of running his Altar.

Quite evidently, those families that take their Altars seriously, lead more notable lives and stand out in the community. This Altar concept is also seen in most other religions. This therefore, lends credence to the fact that one’s personal Altar is the taproot of his spiritual life. The deeper this taproot, the taller your life grows; the more resilient you get, the more you boom and flourish, and the more relevant you are to your world – just like the palm tree. Little wonder the bible says “the righteous shall flourish like the palm tree.” The palm tree has an extremely deep tap root.

Finally, we learnt that it is sacrifice that makes an Altar. Without sacrifices, an Altar is powerless. There’s no access to the spiritual that costs nothing!  Our Altar is the place we first dedicate our offerings, and our seeds to Ancestors. May the holy spirit of Ifa opens our eyes to this spiritual truth.

Reference Sources: Wikipedia = Awo Falokun =


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June 6. 2018

9 Ways to Prevent Summer Slide

Summer Slide is a term that has become all-too popular among educators. It’s a term that was created to describe when students return from summer break reading at a lower level than they did when they left the previous school year. We know that Summer Slide happens when students don’t practice their reading or writing over the summer, but it actually starts during the school year. If students don’t get hooked on reading in the classroom, they aren’t going to continue reading in the summer. So how can we prevent the Summer Slide? Here are some ideas.

1. Look for ways that books can be provided to children during the summer. For example, you might work with the public library to have a public library/parent night to make sure families have library cards and are aware of services. More...


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Embassy of The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopa
in the Republic of South Africa

EthiopiaFull name: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE)

Political system Federal system with multi-party democracy.

Head of state President Mulatu Teshome Wirtu(PHD)

Head of government Prime Minister Dr. Abiy Ahmed Ali

Government The Ethiopian Constitution was adopted in 1995. The Constitution provides for federal system, which is structurally based on the federal government with nine autonomous regional states and two chartered city administrations. The FDRE has a parliamentarian form of government with a bicameral parliament which comprises the House of the Peoples’

Representatives and the House of the Federation. The House of the Peoples’ Representatives is the highest authority of the Federal Government.

Capital city Addis Ababa

Location Ethiopia is situated in the north-eastern part of Africa. It is bordered by South Sudan and the Sudan to the west, Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east and Kenya to the south, extending 30 to 15 0 north of the equator and 33 0 to 48 0 east of the Greenwich meridian.

Area 1.14 million square kilometers (27th biggest country in the world).

Arable land 513,000 square kilometers (45%)

Irrigated land 34,200 square kilometers (3%)

Head of Government

President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
H.E Mulatu Teshome Wirtu(PHD)

PM dr abiy

Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
H.E  Dr. Abiy Ahmed Ali

The People and Culture

Ethiopia has been called a rich cultural mosaic due to its eighty different languages and dialects and as many, if not more, cultural variations.

The Amharas are located In the central highland plateau of Ethiopia and comprise the major population element in administrative zones of Gonder, Gojjam, in parts of Shoa and Wollo of the Amhara regional state.

The Oromos are the largest ethnic group in the country. They are a pastoral and agricultural people who live mainly in central and south - western Ethiopia.

People belonging to Nilo- Saharan ethnic group occupies the western part of the Country stretching from the borders with Eritrea to Lake Turkana. Elsewhere around the country there are a number of smaller communities whose cultures, languages and traditions are related to different facers of Ethiopia's long history and, as with all the peoples of the country, to its religions be they Orthodox Christians, Muslims or members of other faiths.

Folk culture is also an important element of today's Ethiopia. Artists and craftsmen make their own contributions to the countrie's cultural and social development. Almost every town has its own cultural troupe made up of singers and dancers, poets and writers, and its own cultural hall in which the troupe re-creates the song and dance of its particular area from a bygone age.

Ethiopia, like most of countries in Africa, is a multi-ethnic state. Although the original physical differences between the major ethnic groups have been blurred by centuries, if not millennia, of intermarriage, there remain many who are distinct and unique.
Ethnic differences may also be observed from the great variety of languages spoken in the country, of which there are an astonishing eighty-three, with 200 dialects. These can be broken into four main groups: Semitic, Cushitic, Omotic, and Nilo-Saharan. The Semitic languages of Ethiopia are related to both Hebrew and Arabic. The Ethiopian languages of this family are derived from Ge'ez, the language of the ancient Axumite kingdom, which was also the language of the country's literature prior to the mid-nineteenth century, as well as parts of most present-day church services.
Ethiopia's Semitic languages are today spoken mainly in the north and centre of the country. The most important of them in the north is Tigrinya, which is used throughout Tigray. The principal Semitic language of the north-western and centre of the country is Amharic, which is the language of Gondar and Gojjam, as well as much of Wollo and Shewa. Moreover, Amharic is also the official language of administration, and the language of much modern Ethiopian literature.
Two other Semitic languages are spoken to the south and east of Addis Ababa: Guraginya, used by the Gurage in a cluster of areas to the south of the capital, and Adarinya, a tongue current only within the old walled city of Harar and used by the Adare, also known as Harrari, people. The Cushitic languages, which are less closely related than the Semitic, are found mainly in the south of the country. The most important tongue in this group is Afan Oromo. It is used in a wide stretch of country, including Welega and parts of Ilubabor in the west, Wollo in the north, Shewa and Arsi in the centre, Bale and Sidamo in the south, and Harerge in the east. Other Cushitic language in the area comprise Somalinya, which is spoken by the Somali in the Ogaden to the east, as well as in the neighboring Somali Republic and part of Djibouti, and the Sidaminya language, used in part of the Sidama region. Cushitic languages, however, are also used in the north of the country, namely Afarinya, spoken by the Afar of eastern Wollo and the northern half of the Djibouti Republic; Saho, in parts of Tigray; and Agawinya, in small pockets in different parts of western Ethiopia. The Omotic group of languages, which comprise considerably fewer speakers than either the Semitic or the Cushitic, are spoken the south-west of the country, mainly in Gamo Gofa. They have been given the name in recent years because they are spoken in the general area of the Omo River. The Nilo-Saharan languages, largely peripheral to Ethiopian civilization, are spoken in a wide arc of the country towards the Sudan frontier. They include, from north to south, Gumuz in Gondar and Gojjam, Berta in Welega, and Anuak in Ilubabor.

The Land
Ethiopia is the ninth largest country in Africa
The 2nd  populous country in Africa

Physical Features
Ethiopia is a country of great geographical diversity. Located within the tropics, its physical conditions and variations in altitude have resulted in great range of terrain, climate, soil, flora and fauna. Ethiopia has high and rugged mountains, flat-topped plateau called "Ambas," deep gorges, incised river valleys and vast rolling plains. Its altitude ranges from the highest peak at Ras Dashen (4620 meters above sea level) down to the Dalol (also known as the Danakil) depression, approximately 148 meters below sea level. The major features of Ethiopia's landscape are lines of great escarpments overlooking the Afar plains and along its western borderlands, as well as great massifs. From lush plains and mountains to arid expanses, much of Ethiopia is dissected by tributaries to well known rivers including Abay (The Blue Nile), Tekeze, Awash, Omo, the Wabe Shebellie and Baro-Akobo.
Resulting from an extensive fault that cracked the old crystalline block of the African continent along the eastern side, Ethiopia's Great Rift Valley stretches from the eastern end of the Mediterranean Basin down to Mozambique in the southeastern part Africa. The Great Rift Valley system separates the western highlands and the southeastern highlands. On each side the highlands, the Rift Valley system give way to vast semi-arid lowland area in the east, west and especially the south.

The Ethiopian Calendar
While much of the world marks the passing of days according to the Gregorian calendar, Ethiopia has its own calendar, which is also known as the Ge'ez Calendar. Based upon the ancient Coptic Calendar, the Ethiopian Calendar is seven to eight years behind the Gregorian Calendar, owing to alternate calculations in determining the date of the annunciation of the birth of Jesus. The Ethiopian Calendar has 12 months of 30 days each, plus five or six additional days (sometimes known as the 13th month), which are added at the end of the year to match the calendar to the solar cycle. The year is currently 2000, according to the Ethiopian Calendar. Ethiopia celebrated the millennium at midnight on September 12, 2007. The year 2001 began in Ethiopia on September 11, 2008 of the Gregorian Calendar. Ethiopian Calendar: Gregorian Calendar:

  • Meskerem (New Year) 11 September - 10 October
  • Tikim 11 October - 9 November
  • Hidar 10 November - 9 December
  • Tahsas 10 December - 8 January
  • Tir 9 January - 7 February
  • Yakatit 8 February - 9 March
  • Maggabit 10 March - 8 April
  • Miyazya 9 April - 8 May
  • Ginbot 9 May - 7 June
  • Sene 8 June - 7 July
  • Hamle 8 July - 6 August
  • Nehasa 7 August - 6 September
  • Pagume 6 - 10 September

Ethiopian Time
The time in Ethiopia is eight hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time in the United States except during Daylight Savings Time in the United States, during which Ethiopian time is seven hours ahead.


Tuesday, November 20, 2012

Recipe - Egg fried rice

Ingredients -

1. Rice - 200 gms
2. Onions - 2 big
3. Green chillies - 2 big
4. Garlic - 15 cloves
5. Ginger finely chopped - 2 tsp
5. Red chilli powder - 1 tsp
6. Salt - as per taste
7. Eggs - 2 or 3
8. Red food color - 1 pinch, if needed
9. Oil - 1 Tbsp

Method -

1. Chop the onions in a long thin pieces.
2. Chop the chillies also in long thin pieces.
3. Chop ginger and garlic into small pieces.
4. Wash the rice and put in a pan. pour a lot of water in it and cook on medium/low flame. Keep checking if the rice is cooked. If the water level goes down, pour more water in it.
5. When the rice is ALMOST cooked, quickly take the pan off the burner and pour it out in a sieve. Make sure that all the water is thrown out. Spread the rice on a big plate so that all the steam goes out and also the rice grains don't stick to each other.
6. Heat oil in a wok. Put the garlic and ginger pieces in. Cook for 2 min.
7. Put the green chillies in and cook for 1 min.
8. Put the onions in and mix well. Cook for 5 min.
9. Put the eggs in and mix vigorously so that the egg gets cooked but at the same time the egg becomes more like scrambled egg in texture.
10. Put the red chilli powder in and then put the rice in it. Mix well.
11. Put salt and food coloring in. Mix well and let it cook for 3-4 min.
12. Serve with a Chinese dish like General Tso's chicken.
Tip -
1. You can put some vinegar/soy sauce in the rice for enhanced taste.

Friday, November 16, 2012

Recipe - General Tso's Chicken / General Tao's Chicken

General's Tso's chicken or General Tao's chicken is available in many upscale Chinese restaurants. However, it's not a Chinese dish. It was invented in America. It still tastes and is made in a way that Chinese/Schezwan dishes are made.

Ingredients -

For Marinade
1. Dark soy sauce - 2 tsp
2. Sesame oil - 2 tsp
3. Egg yolk - 1

For sauce
1. Tomato paste - 1.5 Tbsp
2. Corn starch - 1 tsp
3. White sugar - 3 tsp
4. Dark soy sauce - 2 tsp
5. Rice vinegar - 1 tsp
6. Medium dry sherry - 3-4 tsp
7. Ginger chopped - 1 tsp
8. Garlic chopped - 2 tsp

1. Chicken boneless - 500 gms
2. Onions medium - 2-3
3. Dried red chillies - 10
4. Oil - Enough for frying
5. Sesame seeds - 1 pinch

Method -

1. Mix marinade & put chicken pieces (small) in it for 15-20 min.

2. Mix all the ingredients for the sauce well (except sherry). Keep covered.
3. Fry the chicken pieces and dry off the excess oil on kitchen paper.
4. From this oil, take about 1 tablespoon of oil in a wok. Heat it and put the dry red chilli pieces in it for 1 min.
5. Put onions in . Let them cook for about 5 min.
6. Put the fried chicken pieces in and cook for another 3 min.
7. Meanwhile, put sherry in the sauce and mix well. Put this sauce in the wok and keep mixing so that the corn starch doesn't stick to the wok.
8. Cook for 5 min.
9. Garnish with sesame seeds.
10. Serve with fried rice.

Additional tips -

1. If you don't have say sauce, put salt to enhance the taste
2. 500 gms of normal chicken becomes about 350 gms boneless
3. To make more gravy, mix equal amount of water and sherry and put some soy sauce as well
4. Put the sherry in the sauce as late as possible. It evaporates quickly.
5. Saki can also be used instead of sherry. The taste differs a little.

Sunday, November 4, 2012

Restaurant Review - Mainland China, SB Road Pune

Mainland China, Pune

Location - SB Road, Pune.

Ambiance - ****
Menu options - ****
Taste - *****
Service - ****
Price - ***

Overall - ****

There are 3 outlets of Mainland China in Pune. I have been to all of them, but this review is for the one on SB road.

The place is huge with lot of seating space, not exactly brightly lit, but then that's how most of the restaurants are nowadays I suppose. Interiors are quite good. There are many tables, but it doesn't feel too crowded. There are two sections in the restaurant, but not sure what the difference is.

The menu is of course Chinese  Many of the options there are usually available only in high end Chinese places - including the famous Peking duck. There are enough options for non-veggies and veggies both. Also, they serve complimentary Chinese tea if you want.

We ordered crispy corn and spring rolls as starters. Amazing as usual. Crispy corn especially is the best starter here. Main course was fried rice and General Tso's/Tao's favourite chicken and spicy veg dumplings. Again amazing taste. Had ordered some mocktails which were good. They have a dessert called ice cream spring rolls which were unfortunately not available. so we ordered chocolate spring rolls, which didn't disappoint at all! These are the desserts are not really Chinese  but the fusion of traditional Chinese with western food, is amazing.

The service was good despite the restaurant being full. Fresh cutlery was being provided after every course promptly and there was no delay in getting any of our food. The staff was extremely courteous.

The bill was about 3400 INR for 4 people where we ordered mocktails, two starters, four main courses and a dessert.

This is one of my favourite restaurants and I hope it will always remain so :)

Thursday, November 1, 2012

Review - Bademiya's, Fort, Mumbai

Bademiya's restaurant

Location - Fort, Mumbai.

Ambiance - ***
Menu options - ***
Taste - ****
Service - ****
Price - ***

Overall - ***1/2

Bademiyan's restaurant is located near Horniman circle in Fort area of South Mumbai. It is owned by the same guys who had been running the famous Bademiyan's kebab joint near Gateway of India for years.

The ambiance of the restaurant is ok. It's a two level restaurant with tables that are quite tightly packed. There's nothing different about the ambiance than any other regular restaurant.

We had lunch there on a working day. It's quite crowded at that time of the day. But the service is still quite ok. The meny options are a mix of Parsi and Indian food. All of the non-vegetarian dishes are quite good. Esp the Mutton Baida roti and Bheja fry. They also have a lot of types of kebabs which are quite good. Vegetarian dishes are limited.

The desserts are ok. Pineapple halwa is good. The bill was around 1000 INR for 3 people.

Overall it was a decent experience. A little classier interiors would probably increase the stars for me. However, I believe the restaurant does brisk business as it is anyway :)

Monday, October 29, 2012

Restaurant Review - Cafe Maroo, Aundh, Pune

Cafe Maroo

Location - Aundh, Pune

Ambiance - ***1/2
Menu options - ***1/2
Taste - ****
Service - ****
Price - ***

Overall - ***1/2

Cafe Maroo is a small Korean restaurant that was earlier located next to Rahul restaurant in Aundh. Now it has moved to a different location in the same area. It's little difficult to find even as it is a very small place and located in a small lane.

The ambiance of the place is nice. It's a two level restaurant with about 5-6 tables. It's a small place. Lot of Korean artsy stuff adorns the walls and it gives a nice feel. It is owned by a Korean who has been in Pune for quite some years.

The menu options are many but they are all Korean dishes (of course). I never understand what the dish is by just reading the name so I ask them about it and order. But since I have been there many times, I have an idea about what to order. Basically there are three broad types of dishes - fried rice with different sauces (VERY different from Chinese), Stew type of dishes and chicken/beef steak kind of dishes. The different mocktails/iced tea etc that are available there are really good.

The bill for 2 people was around 800 INR. Considering that it's a specialty restaurant serving dishes that are not available at other places, that's not a bad price.

It's good place to go if you want to try out Korean food. Just be prepared to wait for a seat. Go slightly earlier than usual lunch/dinner time.

Cafe Maroo Menu, Reviews, Photos, Location and Info - Zomato

Sunday, October 28, 2012

Recipe - 5 min Chocolate cake in a microwave

Ingredients -
1. All purpose flour (maida) - 4 Tabsp
2. Sugar - 4 Tabsp
3. Unsweetened cocoa - 2 Tabsp
4. Egg - 1
5. Milk - 3 Tabsp
6. Oil - 3 Tabsp
7. Chocolate chips - 3 Tabsp (if you want)
8. Vanilla (or other) essence - 1 drop

Method -
1. Take a big, microwave-proof mug and put all the dry ingredients in. Mix.
2. Whisk the egg separately and then add it to the mug. Mix again.
3. Add milk and oil and mix well with a spoon to make it into a paste.
4. Add the choco chips and essence. Mix.
5. Put the cup in the microwave. At 1000 watts, cook for 3 min. at 700/720 - cook for 3.5 min. Depending on your taste, you may want to increase or decrease the timing by 15-20 seconds when you make it the second time :)

Friday, October 26, 2012

Recipe - Black Chana (Chickpea) Curry

There are multiple ways of making chana. Each brings out a different taste. This is a very simple and basic way of making it.

Ingredients (Servces ~ 3)

1. Black chana (Chickpea) - 150 gms
2. Onions - 2 big
3. Tomato - 1 medium
4. Green chilli - 2
5. Cumin seeds - 2 tsp
6. Mustard seeds - 1 tsp
7. Red chilli powder - 1 tsp
8. Turmeric powder - 1/2 tsp
9. Garam masala - 1 1/2 tsp
10. Chole masala - 1 tsp
11. Salt - as per taste
12. oil - 4 tsp

Method -

1. Soak the black chana in water for about 12 hours.
2. Put the chana in a pressure cooker cook them. Let the whistle on it sound about 5-6 times and then let it cook in the pressure till it cools down.
3. Finely chop onions, tomatoes and green chillies.
4. Heat oil in a pan.
5. Put mustard seeds in till they split.
6. When they start spluttering, put the cumin seeds in and then the green chillies.
7. After about 15-20 seconds, put the onions in and let them cook till they are golden brown.
8. Put the cooked black chana in it and mix well.
9. Put the tomatoes in and cover the pan to cook it further for about 3 minutes.
10. Put the red chilli powder, turmeric powder, garam masala, Chole masala and salt. Mix it well.
11. Put some water in to make a slight gravy. Cover the pan and put the burner on sim. Let it cook till the chana is soft enough.
12. If more tangy taste is needed, some amchur(dry mango) powder can also be put.
13. Serve with chapati/roti

Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Review - Flag's, Bund Garden Road, Pune

Flag's restaurant

Location - Bund Garden Road, Near Inox, Pune.

Ambiance - ****
Menu options - *****
Taste - ****
Service - ****
Price - ***

Overall - ****

Flag's is located on Bund Garden road near Inox. It's been around for quite sometime and has improved immensely over the years. Remember going there earlier and finding it overrated. Things have changed since then.

The ambience is pretty good. The walls are adorned with photos of buildings/parliaments across the world and with flags from across the world. It's not too congested though there are many tables in the restaurant. There are also some semi enclosed areas for a more private dining experience. There's also an overhead projector in case you are having a party and want to project a fun powerpoint presentation or a video.

The menu is varied and includes cuisine from across the world. Mediterranean  Middle eastern, Indian, Thai, Chinese, etc. So you do get to taste some interesting dishes. They also have a set menu which gives you the option of a 4 course meal at INR 350 only.

We ordered a cocktail, a Mediterranean dish and the set menu. All the courses were pretty good bordering on excellent. I had a slight problem with my main course, but that was because I am not personally fond of black pepper - no fault of the chef. The dessert was also excellent.

Meal for 2 cost us 1000 INR but that was because we had ordered one set meal. If we had ordered individually, it would have cost much more.

Overall the experience was pretty good so was the service. Definitely worth multiple visits.

Monday, October 22, 2012

Restaurant Review - Lai Bhari Kolhapuri, Chinchwad

Lai Bhari Kolhapuri
Location - Chinchwad, Pune.

Ambiance - **
Menu options - **
Taste - ****
Service - ***
Price - ****

Overall - ***

Thali costs around 175 INR.

Kolhapuri Chicken Thali

Saturday, October 6, 2012

Recipe - Shrimp pops

Ingredients -
  1. Shrimps - 250 gms
  2. Red chilli powder - 2 tsp
  3. Salt - 1 tsp
  4. Lemon juice - 2 tsp
  5. Rice flour - for coating
  6. Oil - 1 TabSp
Method -
1. We first need to clean the shrimps properly.
2. Break the head off and throw away. Press the bottom of the tail with two fingers to slide the meat out of the shell. There will still be some shell at the center of the meat, peal it off as well.
3. Run either a small knife or your thumbnail along the spine of the shrimp so that the meat opens up a bit. You will see a black thread like thing running along the length at the center of the meat. This is the food pipe of the shrimp. Take it out. This is likely to cause food poisoning if not taken out.
4. wash the shrimps well.
5. Marinate them in the lemon juice, salt and red chilli powder for a couple of hours.
6. Heat oil in a frying pan.
7. Coat the marinated shrimps in rice flour.
8. Shallow fry the shrimps till they are golden brown.
9. Can be served with ketchup or chilli sauce

Thursday, October 4, 2012

Restaurant Review - Zamu's, DP Road, Pune

Location - DP Road, Pune.

Ambiance - ***
Menu options - ****
Taste - *****
Service - ****
Price - ****

Overall - ****

Zamu's is located on DP Road in Pune. A cozy kind of a place reminiscent of the 80s era. Nothing fancy but still very comfortable.

The dishes available are not the usual ones you would find in a menu. Some English, some Iranian, some Indian... the menu offers variety though the number of dishes is less. Beer and Wine is available. Local wine only.

we had ordered Chicken Kiev, Fish and Chips, Salli Chicken, Shepard's pie, Garlic mushrooms, Chicken lollipop. Everything was amazing. Mashed potatoes were one of the best I have eaten anywhere. Meat was perfectly cooked. Haven't tried any desserts there yet.

For all of this we paid about 1700. The service is also quite good. No undue interference or delay.

Overall it was an amazing experience. I have been there earlier, and I am sure to go there again. And this time, desserts is all I am gonna try out :)
Zamu's Place Menu, Reviews, Photos, Location and Info - Zomato

Tuesday, October 2, 2012

Restaurant Review - Polka Dots, Aundh, Pune

Location - Aundh, Pune.
Ambience - ***
Menu options - ****
Taste - ***1/2
Service - ***
Price - ***
Overall - ***

Polka dots is located near Parihar chowk at Aundh, Pune. It has been around for many years now and so has some ardent fans. The ambience is fine. It's very congested owing to the small space. Some renovation is going now, so hopefully that will make things better.

The menu is varied. Mexican, Thai, Chinese, etc. So you do get to taste some interesting dishes. The main courses that we ordered were pork and chicken based. And the taste was quite good. They have not increased the prices much in the last one year but they certainly have reduced the quantity. That was a dampner.

We order blueberry cheesecake as dessert - and it was... a disgrace. It tasted ok, but it wasn't a cheesecake.

Main courses are about 200 odd bucks. But the quantity is less.

Overall the experience is fine. Service is good. But can't give more than 3 stars due to the issues mentioned.
Polka Dots Menu, Reviews, Photos, Location and Info - Zomato

Wednesday, September 19, 2012

Restaurant review - Momo Cafe, Courtyard Marriot, Pune

Location - Hinjewadi, Pune.

Ambiance - ****
Menu options - ****
Taste - *****
Service - *****
Price - ***

Overall - ****1/2

Momo Cafe is in Courtyard Marriot located on the Hinjewadi main road in Pune. There is an open air part to the cafe that is open when it's not raining.

The ambience is pleasing. The tables are not too tightly packed in the restaurant area, though I must say there's nothing too fancy about the decor. The very open feel to the restaurant is very good.

We had gone there at lunch time so there was an option of having the lunch buffet or a ala carte. Since there were three of us, we did both. The buffet menu was quite good. Both Indian and International delicacies along with a lot of pickles and chutneys were available. There was also a live Mongolian grill. They also served some amazing chicken and fish starters on the table along with lemon iced tea that was complementary. We had ordered Nasi Goreng along with the meal and did not have to wait much for it. It was also quite good and enough in quantity for one person.

The desserts were delicious, especially lemon cheese cake. Absolutely stunning. The fruit rabdi was slightly bitter which we mentioned in the feedback, and even before we could pay the bill, the head chef was at our table and apologized for it and removed the dish from the menu right away.

The bill was around 2000 INR for 3 people. But they do have corporate discount of 20% which brought it down considerably for us. The service throughout our 2 hour stay there was impeccable. No undue interferance from anyone but someone was available to attend to us whenever we needed.

MoMo Cafe - Courtyard By Marriott Pune Hinjewadi Menu, Reviews, Photos, Location and Info - Zomato

Saturday, September 15, 2012

Recipe - Banana Bread

Ingredients -
  1. All purpose flour - 250 gms
  2. Melted butter - 3 tsp
  3. Milk - 3 tsp
  4. Sugar - 2 tsp
  5. Active Dry yeast - 1 tsp
  6. Egg - 1
  7. Water - 3 tsp
  8. Ripe Banana - 1 medium, mashed

Method -
1. Warm the milk and butter and mix together along with the sugar.
2. Put the mashed banana in the flour and mix well.
3. Warm the water a little and put the dry yeast in it. It will start becoming frothy. That's when it is ready. Put it in the flour and start making it into a dough.
4. Put 3/4th of the egg into the flour and then put the milk mixture in it slowly while kneading. You may not need all of it.
5. Make sure that the dough is soft. It will be a little uneven because of the banana pieces.
6. Take a clean bowl and sprinkle some semolina or the all purpose wheat in it. Put the dough in and cover the bowl using cling film. Keep it in a warm place for 45 min to an hour. The yeast should make the dough become twice its size.
7. Then take the dough out, knead it a little more to flatten it and brush the top with the remaining egg. Again put in the bowl and seal using cling film. Keep it for proofing for another 45 min.
8. Preheat the oven to 190 Celsius.
9. Take a bread baking pan or any other baking pan and sprinkle some semolina or flour in it. Put the dough in it.
10. Bake it in the oven for about 30-35 min. Once baked, check if it's cooked by inserting a knife at the center of the bread. If it comes out clean, the bread is cooked.

Note - If you want to put any salt, put it around the edges only after the dough is made. yeast doesn't work well with salt.

Saturday, September 8, 2012

Recipe - Chicken curry homestyle

Ingredients -

  1. Chicken - 500 gms
  2. Curd - 100 gms
  3. Red chilli powder - 2 tsp (or as per taste)
  4. Turmeric powder - 1 tsp
  5. Cumin powder - 1 tsp
  6. Ginger garlic paste - 2 tsp
  7. Salt - 1.5 tsp (or as per salt)
  8. Onion - 2 medium
  9. Green chilli - 2 medium
  10. Chana daal (split chikpea) - 2 tsp
  11. Khaskhas (poppy seeds) - 1 tsp
  12. Dry coconut - 4 1 inch pieces (optional)
  13. Green coriander - 1/2 cup
  14. Chicken masala - 2 tsp (or as per taste)
  15. Oil - 1 or 2 Tbsp

Method -

1. Wash the chicken pieces well.
2. Mix the curd, red chilli powder, turmeric powder, Cumin powder, Ginger garlic paste and Salt.
3. Marinate the chicken in this mix and keep it in the refridgerator for an hour.
4. Dry roast green chilli, khaskhas, chana daal, (dry coconut) and onions separately. Cut and clean the coriander.
5. Grind the roasted green chilli, khaskhas and chana daal together to make a dry mix.
6. Make a rough paste of the onion and coriander in the grinder.
7. Heat oil in a pan. Put the dry mix in the oil. Let it cook for 2 min on low flame.
8. Put the onion/coriander paste in the pan and let it cook for about 5 min.
9. Put the chicken in the pan and mix well. Let it cook for 2-3 min. Mix well again.
10. Put chicken masala in it and also pour a cup of water.
11. Cover the pan and let it cook till the chicken is tender and cooked.
12. Serve with chapati and raita

Friday, September 7, 2012

Restaurant review - Zikomo, Baner Pune

Location - Baner road, Near Orchid school, Pune.

Ambience - ***
Menu options - ****
Taste - **
Service - ***
Price - **

Overall - **1/2

We went to Zikomo because we wanted to try out a new restaurant and on searching on google, we found this. It had a huge menu which gave us the chance to try out a new dish.

The restaurant was easy to find. It is a multi level restaurant. First level is the bar. As you climb up to the next level for the restaurant, there are three lounge areas which can seat about 8 people each. You can have a good relaxing time there with friends, though it is not that private a place.
Zikomo menu
The service was good. They serve only mineral water. the drinks menu is also limited, though you would get all the usual cocktails and mocktails and some of the usual hard drinks as well. The local wine menu is pretty much a one wine menu and there are no imported wines. They did have JD on the list but didn't have it in stock so had to go with Ballantine which, for any JD lover, is not a good thing.

The food menu is quite good. Lot of options. We didn't go for the Indian menu went for international section instead. Ordered Hungarian Goulash and Fish & Chips after crusty wheat chicken soup. The food came pretty quickly, which was good. The taste wasn't all that great. They serve only Basa fish which, according to me, is not the best tasting fish. The presentation was good, but the taste of Goulash wasn't good. Too much of tomato and black pepper. The lamb was also quite chewy.

All of the dishes are slightly overly priced. Given the taste, definitely not worth the money. But I am still willing to give it one more chance. Just one, and try out Indian food to see how they make it.

Zikomo Menu, Reviews, Photos, Location and Info - Zomato

Sunday, September 2, 2012

Recipe - Amboli

Ingredients (makes about 8)
  1. Rice - 150 gms
  2. Udad daal - 50 gms
  3. Salt - 1 or 2 tsp
1. It's a 24 hour process. So plan ahead.
2. Wash rice and udad daal and then mix and put in a bowl.
3. Put enough water in it to soak it - water level about 1 cm above the mix.
4. Keep it like this for 12 hours.This will soften the rice and daal.
5. Put it in a grinder and grind it to get a medium thick batter. If it is too thick, put some water in it.
6. Put the salt, mix it well and then keep it overnight to ferment. About 12 hours.
7. Once it has fermented, heat a flat pan or tawa. Use a thick tawa.
8. Take the batter in a small flat based bowl or vati. Pour it at the center of the tawa and then using the base of the vati, start spreading it outwards using a circular motion.
9. Flip it over once the bottom side is cooked.Should take about 1 minute to cook depending on the hotness of the tava.
10. Serve with a chutney (tomato chutney or coconut chutney)


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WordSmith Tools Manual

Navigation: Concord

Re-sorting a concordance (F6 or )

Scroll Prev Top Next More

How to do it...

Sorting can be done simply by pressing the top row of any list. Or by pressing F6. Or by choosing the menu option.

The point of it…

The point of re-sorting is to find characteristic lexical patterns. It can be hard to see overall trends in your concordance lines, especially if there are lots of them. By sorting them you can separate out multiple search words and examine the immediate context to left and right. For example you may find that most of the entries have "in the" or "in a" or "in my" just before the search word -- sorting by the second word to the left of the search word will make this much clearer.

Sorting is by a given number of words to the left or right (L1 [=1 word to the left of the search word], L2, L3, L4, L5, R1 [=1 to the right], R2, R3, R4, R5), on the search word itself, the context word (if one was specified), the nearest tag, the distance to the nearest tag, a set category of your own choice, or original file order (file).

Main Sort

The listing can be sorted by three criteria at once. A Main Sort on Left 1 (L1) will sort the entries according to the alphabetical order of the word immediately to the left of the search word. A second sort (Sort 2) on R2 would re-order the listing by tie-breaking, that is: only where the L1 words (immediately to the left of the search word) matched exactly, and would place these in alphabetical order of the words 2 to the right of the search word. For very large concordances you may find the third sort (Sort 3) useful: this is an extra tie-breaker in cases where the second sort matches.

For many purposes tie-breaking is unnecessary, and will be ignored if the "activated" box is not checked.

default sort

This is set in the main controller settings.

sorting by set (user-defined categories)

You can also sort by set, if you have chosen to classify the concordance lines according to your own scheme, using letters from A to Z or a to z or longer strings. The sort will put the classified lines first, in category order, followed by any unclassified lines. See Nearest Tag for details of sorting by tags. See colour categories for a more sophisticated way of using the Set column.

other sorts

As the screenshot below shows, you can also sort by a number of other criteria, most of these accessible simply by clicking on their column header.

The "contextual frequency" sort means sorting on the average ranking frequency of all the words in each concordance line which don't begin with a capital letter. For this you will be asked to specify your reference corpus wordlist. The result will be to sort those lines which contain "easy" (highly frequent) words at the top of the list.

By default you sort all the lines; you may however type in for example 5-49 to sort those lines only.

If this box is checked, sort order is from A to Z, otherwise it's from Z to A.

See also: WordList sort, KeyWords sort, Choosing Language


This Day in History (10-Feb-1996) – The IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeats chess champion Garry Kasparov for the first time

Feng-hsiung Hsu & Murray Campbell, graduate student at Carnegie Mellon University initiated a chess playing machine called Chiptest. IBM hired them in 1989  and the first version of such computer named Deep Thought was released in 1994 to play against Kosporov. In a two game match Kosporov easily defeated the computer. Scientist further upgraded the computer as Deep Blue which  was an IBM RISC System/6000 Scalable Power Parallel System. It had 32 processors dedicated to calculation, each processor connected to 6 chess specific processors. It could calculate 100 million chess positions per second.

In February 1996, Garry Kasparov and Deep Blue met for the first time in a best of six-games match. The match was organized by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to mark the 50th birthday of the first computer. The hardware was installed at IBM’s Thomas J. Watson Research Center, New York, with a connection to Philadelphia via the Internet. After only the first game played on 10 February 1996, Deep Blue made history by defeating Kasparov. Deep Blue’s victory marked the first time that a current world champion had ever been beaten by a computer opponent under regular tournament conditions. But Kasparov would not go down so easily. The world champion, known for his tenacity and his ferocious will to win, took the game two. Games three and four, although tightly contested, ended up in draws. Then, in game five, Kasparov again changed tactics mid-game to defeat Deep Blue. Kasparov won the final game totally outplaying the computer and took the match by a score of 4 – 2.

Deep Blue was further upgraded to 8 chess specific processors and capacity to calculate 2 million moves per second. In 1997 the rematch was organized at Equitable Center in New York.  The chess grandmaster won the first game, Deep Blue took the next one, and the two players drew the three following games. Game 6 ended the match with a crushing defeat of the champion by Deep Blue. The match’s outcome made headlines worldwide, and helped a broad audience better understand high-powered computing. In the second game which Deep Blue won, it seems a software bug led to a move which Kosparov could not interpret and lost the game.

This Day in History (18-Jan-1886) – Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England

A game called hockey was played in English public schools in the early 19th century.  A version of the game played in south-east London was rougher than the modern version, played on a very large field (247m by 64m), and used a cube of black rubber and rough sticks. The modern game was developed on the other side of London by Middlesex cricket clubs. In 1870, members of the Teddington cricket club, experimented with a ‘stick’ game, on the smooth outfield of their cricket pitch and used a cricket ball, so allowing smooth and predictable motion. By 1874 they had begun to draw up rules for their game, including banning the raising of the stick above shoulder height and stipulating that a shot at goal must take place within the circle in front of it. An association was formed in 1875, which dissolved after seven years, but in 1886 the Hockey Association was formed by seven London clubs and representatives from Trinity College, Cambridge.

In the late 19th century, largely due to the British Army, the game spread throughout the British Empire. The International Rules Board was founded in 1895, and hockey first appeared at the Olympic Games at 1908 Olympic Games in London, with only three teams: England, Ireland and Scotland. The first step towards an international structuring occurred in 1909, when England and Belgium agreed to recognize each other for international competitions. In 1924, the International Hockey Federation (FIH, Fédération Internationale de Hockey) was founded in Paris, under the initiative of the French man, Paul Léautey, as a response to hockey’s omission from the 1924 Paris Game.

Hockey became a permanent fixture at the Olympics at the 1928 Olympic Games, at Amsterdam, where India made its Olympic debut. Indian hockey team cruised home to its first Olympic gold, without conceding a single goal. The hallmark of this ruthless domination was the wizardry of Indian hockey legend – Dhyan Chand. From 1928 to 1956, the Indian hockey juggernaut won six straight Olympic gold medals, while winning 24 consecutive matches. During this time, India scored 178 goals conceding only 7 in the process. The record created by India is likely to stand strong through ages.

This Day in History (5-Jan-1996) – Muralitharan no-balled for throwing in ODI v WI at the Gabba

Ross Emerson, an Australian cricket umpire, made his ODI debut in a match between Sri Lanka and the West Indies in Brisbane on 5th January, 1996. He immediately became controversial, no-balling Muralitharan several times, and continuing to do so even when he switched to bowling legbreaks, which are regarded as being impossible to throw. This led to Muralitharan being dropped by Sri Lanka for the rest of the tour, as he was unable to bowl without being called.

Just before the 98/99 tour, Muralitharan’s action was tested in Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. The tests had concluded that Muralitharan could not straighten the elbow due to congenital deformity. The end result of the Test was that the throwing appeared as an optical illusion. The tests in Hong Kong and the green signal by the ICC allowed Muralitharan to play.

On 23 January 1999 in Adelaide, standing at square leg, Emerson once again called Muralitharan, leading to Sri Lankan captain Arjuna Ranatunga to lead his team off the field in protest and consult team management and the match referee. The match later continued after Emerson threatened to award the match to England, with Muralitharan confined to bowling legbreaks; Emerson claimed that cricket was controlled by Asian countries. The match turned out to be the last international match for Emerson as an umpire.

Ross Emerson admitted in 2010 that his decision to call the bowler was not entirely his own. Emerson told the The Daily Telegraph in Australia that he no-balled Muralitharan due to orders from an unnamed Cricket Australia official.

This Day in History (19-Nov-1969) – Pele scores 1,000th goal

Edson Arantes do Nascimento or Pelé, grew up in poverty. The origin of the “Pelé” nickname is unclear, though he recalled despising it when his friends first referred to him. Pelé signed with Santos professional soccer club when he was 15. He scored the first professional goal of his career before he turned 16, led the league in goals in his first full season and was recruited in the Brazilian national team.

The world was officially introduced to Pelé in the 1958 World Cup in Sweden. Displaying remarkable speed, athleticism and field vision, the 17-year-old erupted to score three goals in a 5-2 semifinal win over France, then netted two more in the finals, a 5-2 win over the host country. The young superstar received hefty offers to play for European clubs, and Brazilian President Jânio Quadros eventually had Pelé declared a national treasure, making it legally difficult for him to play in another country.

Pelé aggravated a groin injury two games into the 1962 World Cup in Chile, sitting out the final rounds while Brazil went on to claim its second straight title. Four years later, in England, a series of brutal attacks by opposing defenders again forced him to the sidelines with leg injuries, and Brazil was bounced from the World Cup after one round. Despite the disappointment on the world stage, the legend of Pelé continued to grow. In the late 1960s, the two factions in the Nigerian Civil War reportedly agreed to a 48-hour ceasefire so they could watch Pelé play in an exhibition game in Lagos.

The 1970 World Cup in Mexico marked a triumphant return to glory for Pelé and Brazil. Headlining a formidable squad, Pelé scored four goals in the tournament, including one in the final to give Brazil a 4-1 victory over Italy. Pelé announced his retirement from soccer in 1974, but he was lured back to the field the following year to play for the New York Cosmos in the North American Soccer League, and temporarily helped make the NASL a big attraction. He played his final game in an exhibition between New York and Santos in October 1977, competing for both sides, and retired with a total of 1,281 goals in 1,363 games, holding ‘most career goals (football)’ record in Guiness World Records. Pelé was named FIFA’s “Co-Player of the Century” in 1999, along with Argentine Diego Maradona.


Relationship Report

Couples Relationship Report (Audio recording)

This report explores the beauty of the relationship, its strengths and how to work through any issues. My astrological reports are all personalized and designed directly by me. I will look at both birth charts, the overlay charts and interconnections of planets and the combined chart. Please state in your order the current status of the relationship. If the couple are already together this is a good overview of the strengths in the relationship and how to make the most of them. It will also point out some issues that need to be worked through. If the couple are not together, it can indicate the potential strengths and drawbacks if a relationship is started, however it cannot predict whether the attraction will be enough to start the relationship. For best accuracy, include the exact birth time of each partner. Otherwise, I will use your solar charts. If you do not know your birth time you can obtain the “long version” of your birth chart at


Chambal River: Origin, Tributaries, Basin, Dams and Concerns

Chambal River

Chambal river is one of the cleanest perennial rivers of India. It originates at Janapav, south of Mhow town, on the south slope of the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh. Chambal flows north-northeast through Madhya Pradesh, running for a time through Rajasthan, then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh.

It ends a confluence of five rivers, including the Chambal, Kwari, Yamuna, Sind, Pahuj, at Pachnada near Bhareh in Uttar Pradesh state, at the border of Bhind and Etawah districts.

Chambal River Summary Sheet

Origin Janapav near Mhow (M.P) in the Vindhaya mountain range
Length 965 Kms (370 Kms in Rajasthan)
Discharge Yamuna, Pachnada near Bhareh in Uttar Pradesh
States & Major Cities Madhya Pradesh:

Rajasthan: Kota

Uttar Pradesh:

Right Bank Tributaries Parbati, Kali Sindh, Shipra
Left Bank Tributaries Banas, Mej
Major Dams Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar, Kota Barrage

Chambal River in mythology:

Ancient name of Chambal is said to be Charmanyavati, which may be in reference to the story of king Rantideva sacrificing several cows on its banks.

In the epic Mahabarat, Charmanwati was the southern boundary of Panchala Kingdom. King Drupada ruled the southern Panchalas up to the bank of the Charmanwati river. The region was part of the kingdom of Shakuni, the maternal uncle of Kauravs. After her attempted disrobing at the hands of Kauravs, Draupadi cursed anybody who will drink water from the river. The infamy gathered by the river may have been the reason for absence of any big settlement on its banks except Kota.

Keshoraipattan near Kota is a famous pilgrimage spot dedicated to Lord Vishnu on banks of Chambal.

Chambal River Course:

Chambal River originates from northern slopes of  Singar Chouri peak, at an altitude of 884.4 m, in the Vindyan Range. It flows in northerly direction through Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) for about 346 kilometres and enters Rajasthan near  Chaurasigarh (Chittorgarh). Here the river falls 505 m and then enters a gorge for 113 Kms and leaves it near Kota.

From Kota, it makes boundary between Kota and Bundi district and then boundary between Rajasthan and M.P passing through Sawai Madhopur, Karauli and Dholpur. It eventually enters U.P. and flows for about 32 kilometres before joining the Yamuna near Bhareh.

Chambal River Basin:

Rajasthan has the largest catchment area of the Chambal river at 79,401 square km, which is 57.86 per cent of the total catchment of the river. In Rajasthan, Chambal basin extends over parts of Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, Jhalawar,
Kota, Baran and Dholpur districts. On its south, east and west, the basin is bounded by the Vindhyan mountain ranges and on the north-west by the Aravallis.

The proposed Parwati- Kalisindh-Chambal link is one of the big projects being planned in the basin which will divert surplus waters of Parwati and Kalsindh to the Rana Pratap Sagar or Gandhi Sagar dam.

Chambal River Dams:Chambal dams

There are four main dams on chambal river located from south to north

  1. Gandhi Sagar Dam
  2. Rana Pratap Sagar Dam
  3. Jawahar Sagar Dam
  4. Kota Barrage

Chambal River Tributaries:

The tributaries of the Chambal include Shipra, Choti Kalisindh, Sivanna, Retam, Ansar, Kalisindh, Banas, Parbati, Seep, Kuwari, Kuno, Alnia, Mej, Chakan, Parwati, Chamla, Gambhir, Lakhunder, Khan, Bangeri, Kedel and Teelar.

Kali Sindh

Kali Sindh River Summary Sheet

Origin Bagli (District Dewas) in Madhya Pradesh. Enters Rajasthan at Binda Village.
Length 278 Kms (145 Kms in Rajasthan)
Discharge Chambal, Nonera village in Baran district in Rajasthan.
States & Major Cities Madhya Pradesh:

Rajasthan: Jhalawar, Baran

Tributaries Parwan, Niwaj and Ahu
Major Dams
  • Parban River is  a tributary of Kali Sindh. that originates in Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh. Parban flows through Sehore, Shajapur and Rajgarh districts in Madhya Pradesh . It covers Jhalawar, Kota, Baran districts of Rajasthan and meets Kali Sindh in Baran district of Rajasthan.

Parbati River:

Parbati River Summary Sheet

Origin Northern slopes of Vindhyan Range n Sehore district, M.P
Discharge Chambhal, Paliya Village near Sawai Madhopur, Kota Border
States & Major Cities Madhya Pradesh:

Rajasthan: Kota

Major Dams

Mej River:

Mej river is a left bank tributary of Chambal River. It originates near Mandalgarh in Bhilwara and joins Chambal in Kota. The catchment area of Mej river extends over Bhilwara, Bundi and Tonk of Rajasthan.

Mej River Summary Sheet

Origin Near Mandalgarh in Bhilwara, Rajasthan
Discharge Chambal, in Lakheri, Kota
States & Major Cities Rajasthan: Kota
Major Dams

River Interlinking Projects in Chambal:

Parwati- Kalisindh-Chambal link

Parbati-Kali Sindh-Chambal Link


Perspective is a tool artists use to make things look closer or farther away. The five key elements to this are: value, detail, overlapping, position, and size. Using these five main points will not only make your work look better, it will also have some depth.

First up, we have value. Another more common word you would use to describe value, is shading. Value is basically the shading of an object. Things that are closer to you, are going to appear darker. Objects that are farther away on the other hand, will have a much lighter shade to them.

Secondly, we have detail. Detail is some what, similar to value in different ways. The closer the object is, the more detail it should have; while things that are farther away, you might only see a small outline in some cases.

Overlapping is an extremely easy way to add some depth into your art work. Simply just have some objects overlapping. Seeing that something is over lapping tells your viewer that the object in front, is closer than the object behind it.

Another easy one is position. Things that are closer will appear towards the bottom of your work. For instance, looking at two apples placed a foot or so apart. The one closer to you would be lower on a flat surface like paper.

Last but not least is size. By changing the size of objects in your drawings, you can add more depth. Have you ever taken your thumb and pointer finger, and put them up close to your eyes; then looked at someone and acted like you were crushing their head? Well this is a great example to use for size. If you pull your fingers away from your eye, you'll notice that the space between them is pretty small. Well, if you do the same thing with something close to you, the space between your fingers increases. I sometimes use this to judge how big something should look on paper compared to actual size.

If you can remember these five key points, you'll work will really start to look better. You'll have more realistic looking drawings, that contain depth.

Community Details

No this SubReddit is not about Blenders. It might include some but it is not. This SubReddit is for Creative Art for Commercial purposes, like artwork that's being sold or whatnot.

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