Arthur M. Young

The Theory of Process

Mike Buchele, M.D.

The story of my involvement with Arthur Young is intertwined with Frank Barr, MD, without whose influence I might have never encountered Arthur Young and his Theory of Process. .

Frank and I grew up in a small East Texas town, San Augustine. My first realization that Frank was 'different' from my other classmates was when we had a 'show and tell day' at school. I brought two small U-shaped magnets plus a metal circle and metal seal. I demonstrated how the magnets would attract each other in one direction, and when one was rotated, they repelled each other, and so forth. .

As I went around the room to each classmate's desk to show the magnets, most kids simply seemed bored. Then I got to Frank's desk. He picked up the magnets, did the attraction and repulsion test, then the conductivity test, and then repeated them all, until the teacher told me to "move along" so that everyone got a chance to see the exhibits. It was at that moment that I realized Frank and I shared a deeper appreciation of science and of the mystery of magnetism than all my other classmates. It was the start of our lifelong friendship. .

We began to have discussions of life, science, the Universe, and religions. We realized that we were both in 'vastly' different churches--he was a Baptist, and I was a Methodist. His religion believed in 'Once Saved, Always Saved' and baptism by total immersion in a tank of water. My religion believed that you could 'fall away' from being saved, and needed to 'confess your sins' during an 'altar call' at the conclusion of the sermon, plus we only had to get 'sprinkled with holy water' on our heads, to be baptized and 'Saved.' .

When we were in seventh grade, Frank shocked me and his local church when he asked his preacher the unthinkable, heretical question --"If God created the Universe, and everything in it, then Who created God?" To make matters worse, he asked "If God is so Holy, and He created Heaven, and He is All Powerful, All Knowing, then Why did He create the Devil and Hell?" Frank really wanted answers, but he was told "You are not allowed to ask these kind of questions; you are just to read and believe in the Holy Bible, and it will give you all the Answers that you need." .

Frank was not satisfied with that answer but to avoid excommunication and condemnation by his church and by our classmates, he backed off on these public questions. However, he and I discussed what the answers might be. Frank began to go to the library to seek information in other books, and that led us to further discussions of cosmology and evolution. .

We went on to college where we were educated about a purposeless, accidental, material Universe, without need for a 'god', which was quite a paradigm shift from our East Texas roots. Not having to worry about 'Burning in Hell for Eternity' was quite a relief-we were taught that death was only like going to sleep, and never waking up. .

Then we both went to medical school. We learned about neurology, how the brain is organized, and how drugs could alter the brain pathways to cause anything from mental illness, to mystical experiences, which themselves may just be another 'hallucination.' Yet, during all our medical training, Frank and I continued to ask the question "What's it all about, Alfie?" It seemed there was no coherent answer; anything was possible. The only certainty was that we had left our religious upbringing far behind. .

When it came time to do our Internship and Residency in Internal Medicine, Frank headed out to the Mecca of the 60s, San Francisco, while I went to Salt Lake City, Utah, where I found a culture much like the one I had left in Texas. During my vacation time, I escaped to visit Frank once a year in California, where he introduced me to the Exploratorium, Sufi Dancing, John Lilly and his theory of the mind as a BioComputer, Gurdjieff, Transpersonal Psychology and Charles Tart, and all his other philosophical investigations. I always returned with a load of books to read and a realization that Utah was just a stop on my way to California and its wide open spaces of philosophies, religions, mad scientists, gurus, and who knew what else. .

Finally I moved to California and stayed with Frank for a while. He was still on his philosophical quest to find 'The Answer' to how the Universe worked. Once again, he was without a firm belief system to trust in. He had found that the Gurdjieff system had more questions than answers, and that while John Lilly was a true 'psychonaut' of the mind, his BioComputer theory was also incomplete. .

In March of 1976, Frank told me he had 'discovered' a man named Arthur Young, whom he had heard about while attending meetings of the Physics Consciousness Group. Young's two books, Reflexive Universe and Geometry of Meaning, had just been published. After Frank read them, he heard that Arthur had an Institute for the Study of Consciousness in Berkeley and began to attend classes there. I detected a familiar pattern--Frank would become enthused by this new theoretical philosophy, learn all about it, and would become disillusioned when he found it lacking in explanation of how Reality came to be, and is. But to my surprise, that did not happen this time. He continued to delve into Young's Theory of Process and told me that this Theory seemed to be the Real Thing. .

So I began to attend the classes at ISC. I met Arthur and his wife Ruth, and the assorted 'regulars' who went to the various events there. I knew nothing about Arthur or his invention of the Bell Helicopter; he never bragged about it. Although he had written two books that outlined his Theory of Process, he did not behave like a guru, did not tell people to 'believe' his Theory, but instead wanted them to understand it, then critique it, and change it or revise it if it did not 'fly'. .

I was amazed at the quality of speakers that were invited to speak at the ISC, including physicists from U.C. Berkeley, philosophers, and also authentic mediums, channelers, ESP researchers, and UFO researchers. A wide variety of topics were discussed, including "who wrote the Shakespeare plays," with Francis Bacon as the prime suspect. .

Throughout it all, I was impressed that Arthur did not force his Theory on anyone; rather, he listened to the invited speakers and the audience members, eager to see what they knew from their research and their life experience. He wanted to know if what they talked about had a place in his Theory, or whether his Theory could or should be modified to account for this new information. .

Arthur would give lectures from time to time, emphasizing certain aspects of the Theory. His demonstration of the difference between Form and Substance was always astonishing. On at least three occasions, I saw him take a piece of white chalk, a "Formed Substance", and put it in his mouth and chew it, turning it into a Substance without a Form. This was a demonstration I never forgot, and it was perfect in showing the difference between these two states of matter. .

Over the years, I began to really appreciate Arthur, the man, and Arthur, the genius. I had to agree with Frank that the Theory of Process was the most comprehensive paradigm that I had ever seen or investigated; it was both holographic and fractal, and Arthur had invented it before those terms were commonly known. I began to see that his Theory was confirmed in other areas that I investigated. It made much more sense of all the information that I had learned in college and medical school. For example, Arthur made chemistry easy by showing that there are only four types of chemical bonds, and while the combination of atoms into molecules are endless, they all occur with only these four bonds. He made the critical observation that Form only begins with atoms, and that the so-called 'sub-atomic particles' are not really particles at all, but are energetic substances that are being seen like a strobe light photo. They are inappropriately called particles, for they are really manifestations of energy transformations. And his decision to leave blank the second stage of his Grid, noting it to be a 'work in progress,' was brilliant. It demonstrated that he did not want to force the data to fit his Theory, but chose to stay true to what the Theory was showing him and to allow the Grid to be completed as science progressed in the future. .

For me, there is one overwhelmingly convincing confirmation of the Theory: the work that Frank Barr did to try to disprove it since it seemed "too good to be true." Frank's efforts led him to make an important discovery for biology and medicine. Using the Theory, he was able recognize that a molecule ignored by science, neuromelanin, was actually the 'missing link' that was needed as an organizing molecule for the animal cell. It functions as a 'silicon chip' for the cell, yet because it doesn't seem to 'do anything', it is ignored by most scientists; it doesn't fit their belief that DNA controls the cell, and proteins get the work done. But ignoring is not disproving. More and more of Frank's subsequent predictions using the Theory in the area of "BioProcess" are coming to pass, most strikingly in the new science of epigenetics--the control of the genes by something outside of or prior to, the genes. .

In sum, I was led to Arthur Young and his work by a series of synchronicities that began with the realization of the mystery of the magnet (with its Toroidal energy field from the aligned metal atoms), and also by a lifelong friendship based on a mutual quest to discover how the Universe Really Works. I truly think that Arthur Young is a genius whose stature surpasses that of Darwin, Freud, Jung, Einstein, and others, and whose recognition by science and society is inevitable.

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Gravitational wave from black hole collision 1.8 billion light-years away sensed in U.S. and Italy

Washington Post

When two black holes merged 1.8 billion light-years away, their violent union sent shock waves through space and time. On Aug. 14, three precisely tuned machines sensed the cosmic fallout, a ripple known as a gravitational wave. August's event marked only the fourth time that astronomers have observed black hole collisions.

An international team of scientists announced the discovery from Turin, Italy, early Wednesday afternoon.

The science of hunting gravitational waves is old on paper and young in practice. Albert Einstein, through his General Theory of Relativity, predicted in 1916 that the waves should exist. It would remain a prediction for 98 years, until the LIGO Scientific Collaboration detected the first gravitational wave in September 2015.

The two detectors that make up LIGO, located in Washington state and Louisiana, recently partnered with a third: the Virgo detector near Pisa, Italy. The detectors hear waves as a spike in frequency sometimes called a cosmic chirp. August's chirp was the first signal detected by all three observatories; Virgo was online for just two weeks when it detected the gravitational wave.

Now that Earth's three-detector network for sensing gravitational waves is operational, astronomers hope to zoom in on the source of the waves.

Gabriela Gonzalez, a professor of physics and astronomy at Louisiana State University and former spokeswoman for the LIGO team, said this is a milestone detection for the collaboration.

The Virgo detector - a nearly 2-mile-long, V-shaped instrument dug into the Italian countryside - is less sensitive than the two American detectors that first found gravitational waves two years ago. But its inclusion in the collaboration allows scientists to triangulate the origin of these space-time ripples with greater precision.

"We go from hundreds of square degrees, almost thousands, to only 30 square degrees," Gonzalez said. ("Square degrees" are the units with which astronomers measure the celestial sphere of the night sky; the full moon takes up about 0.2 square degrees, the large constellation Hydra covers 1,303.)

Astronomers said they were able to trace the gravitational wave, GW170814, to a region of sky of 60 square degrees. That's a space 10 times smaller than if Virgo hadn't been listening in as well.

The precision becomes even more important as gravitational wave detectors begin to detect signals from events involving objects other than black holes. Whereas black holes emit no radiation and are impossible to directly observe, other potential sources of gravitational waves - colliding neutron stars, supernovas, binary star mergers - can be seen through conventional telescopes.

Knowing exactly where a gravitational wave came from, Gonzalez said, will help LIGO scientists correlate their detection to optical counterparts - heralding a new era of astronomy in which celestial events are "heard" as well as "seen."

"This proves we are now ready to do that kind of astronomy," Gonzalez said.

In fact, since mid-August, rumors have circulated that the detectors sensed gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars on Aug. 17. If so, it is an event that might also have been seen on the electromagnetic spectrum by telescopes like Hubble and the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In mid-August, these telescopes were all abruptly aimed toward the origin of a gamma-ray burst, an explosion predicted to come from the impact of two neutron stars.

(In a news release for Tuesday's announcement of the gravitational wave, the LIGO and Virgo researchers hoped to tamp down some of the speculation: "LIGO and VIRGO's partner electromagnetic facilities around the world didn't identify a counterpart for GW170814, [the gravitational wave from colliding black holes] which was similar to the three prior LIGO observations of black hole mergers. Black holes produce gravitational waves but not light.")

Gonzalez said that the LIGO team is still seeking to confirm several potential detections from the latest observing run, which started in January and ended Aug. 25. She would not say whether the Aug. 17 signal was among them. But Gonzalez explained that gravitational wave events with optical counterparts can take longer to confirm because of the consistency tests involved.

Copyright © 2018, Chicago Tribune


NieR:Automata’s Big Sad World

Nier: Automata has many of the components of a poorly designed opened world, but it’s also one of the most exciting worlds for the future of narrative and storytelling in games.

Hey there are going to be spoilers here for Nier: Automata. Now you know.

Nier: Automata has garnered much attention this year for its narrative design, and unique storytelling experience. That experience takes place over multiple playthroughs of the same timelines. Grand revelations are delivered in changes of perspective, not just the passage of time and character actions. One of the final reveals is in fact that characters knew all along what you believed only you had been privy to, re-contextualizing much of their actions and attitudes.

But that central, core narrative is only the primary thread in a unremarkable open-world game design. There are dozens of side quests to do in your downtime, and they’re mechanically quite poor. Most are fetch quests returning to areas you have already completed, to scour a vague region for some NPC or nondescript item. Coupled with a restrictive fast travel system, low resolution map, vast empty expanses, and poor exploration rewards it’s a perfect recipe for skippable content, but you shouldn’t. While Automata might be a poor sandbox for gameplay, the characters and stories which fill that box are their own kind of systemic narrative design.

One of the classic features of a strong open-world game is the sandbox. Games where player interaction, mechanics and world systems all work on each other in both expected and surprising ways. This encourages players to not only become stronger, but become smarter about the world around them, rewarding creative players with original solutions. 2017’s The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild has been called one of the greatest examples of this, with a system of interactions based natural properties built into every object. Players have discovered solutions to which the developers never designed for. Years earlier, Metal Gear Solid 3 is not an open world, but it’s gameplay spaces are full of wildlife and tools which can be used to overcome challenges throughout the game. Guard’s have a seemingly complex pattern of AI routines. Players who become familiar with the enemy behaviour can act on it to their advantage, which is especially helpful on higher difficulties when traditional ammunition is at a premium.

If these games are sandboxes, it might be appropriate to call Automata’s world a concrete slab. The world is purely static geometry, with a dusting of enemies spread across the surface. And aside from a few bespoke moments, the only possible interaction is to smack the enemies until they explode, again and again, until the inputs and movements become almost reflexive when you enter an encounter. I can’t tell you if this monotony was intentional, but it certainly feeds into the game’s themes communicated elsewhere.

On my first playthrough, I made the mistake of not wanted to deal with that monotony. In the rush to avoid major spoilers, and join the game’s conversation, I blasted through to the end, ignoring the majority of side content. Automata’s main plotline stands so strong on it’s story that one of my first reactions was the the game shouldn’t have been an open world experience. It only resulted in several hours of my playthrough being spent trying to reach destinations, and restricting the plotline to a few square kilometers of land. It was still a fantastic experience, but on a second go through months later I realized what I had missed.

Automata is one of those games which has its themes built into its core. Upon replay, I discovered how every story in the game explores self-determination, how machines built with purpose would do so, and what happens when human behaviour is studied by those with an utterly different existence. The primary plot line is just one thread through those themes, but the game unexpectedly leverages open world design not for gameplay exploration, but narrative exploration.

Many of Automata’s sidequests are simple stories given new context by the world. A mother asks you to find her lost child, but their family units is purely chosen a performance. A couple deserts the battle, but when given the chance one of them rewrites the other’s personality into a perfect partner. Several machines are performing Romeo & Juliet, or at least what Romeo & Juliet means to networked intelligences. Someone dedicates their life, body and identity to their chosen craft, and but still loses to the newer production model. These are all the kind of simple stories we have been telling forever, but resolved by folks who have only heard about humanity through the things we leave behind.

The distinction from any other open world game I have played is how these stories are all written with the same tone and feeling of the rest of the game. Just like a the way games use visuals and music to set the tone, Automata wraps the writing into that goal as well. It’s something only games can do, with their non-linear storytelling. The end result is a game which feels like a complete thought or exploration of its own themes, all of the stories informing and extrapolating on others. Rarely do games have such a focused theme, and contain branches of those themes in itself. Even in open world games, sidequests are usually often an opportunity to give players a break from the core plot. While this is certainly valid, it creates a spread of less powerful content.

Nier: Automata is one of those rare games which feels uniquely authored, created as the vision a single person, or an extremely well tuned team. While the traditional gameplay may fall flat, the stories the world tells and how it tells them is unlike anything else. The themes explored in Automata have been told before, but not in a way which so uniquely leverages the strengths of the interactive medium. With the seemingly endlessly inflating scale of game development, I’d like to see more medium-large productions not afraid to have this feeling. If developers and publishers take the lessons they should be from Automata’s success and critical reception, I’m excited to see what our open world games look like in the coming years.

Using Format


SN 2000fa

The KAIT team discovered a supernova (mag about 17.5) on November 30. The position written on IAUC 7533 seems to be that of the foreground star. The correct position (written above) is 6".6 east and 4".2 north of the nucleus of UGC 3770 (vsnet-campaign-sn 122). IAUC 7535 tells that SN 2000fa is of type Ia before maximum. It can reach mag 16 (vsnet-campaign-sn 123).


The ancient Qiuci people in the eyes of the sky – Painting – borderland

Painting the sky — Mid Autumn Festival is approaching the ancient Qiuci people’s eyes — and went to Huaiyuan in the days of the moon. When you look at the sky, looking at the moon and the stars, you know what you see is the most distant planet billions of light-years away, and they are the same as the cosmic sun; you know that the earth revolves around the sun, and the moon is a satellite orbiting around the earth. You might even think of galaxies and nebulae. But when the sky when they are different from modern psychology, their world outlook, world outlook reflects the cultural background, but also reflects the eyes of the sky. The thirty-eighth Cave Room top coupons "day map"               in the view of the ancients, the brightest star in the sky, a sun, a moon, the light of the day, the night to bring the light. The ancients believed that the moon is the most massive stars in the sky, the stars around the moon, "zhongxinggongyue". In the eyes of the ancients, the moon is not without life. The moon is full of vitality, as the illuminant sky the brightest, most large, the moon is the universal object of worship in ancient times, and has become the eternal theme of primitive myths and legends, which appeared in the moon, and Chinese myth story for having heard it many times the moon, Wu Gang GUI etc.. In the ancient civilization of China and foreign countries, the moon also has some connection with the rabbit. The ancient Qiuci people in the eyes of the moon, also lived a fairy rabbit. The new 1 after the cave room top coupons "mid rabbit"               ancient Qiuci people in the eyes of the sky, the universe, reflected in the center column of Qiuci Grottoes Cave Room top coupons ridge "day map". "Day map" is located on both sides of the diamond mountain top coupons Jiazhi, strip on the top of the cave, and often painted on the end of month end, painting, performance of the sun, the moon is often painted in a white rabbit, wrapped in the shadow in the round. "Day map" is also often draw the rain god to summon wind and call for rain, clouds of sand snake to throughput performance; Aeolus bare body, hands holding the cloth, hair, cloth with Peng, to show the strength of the wind; the mysterious Garuda flying in the sky, in the mouth with the snake, the snake in the central body in the sky there are many saints tangles; resist empty flight, showing amazing supernatural powers, they, a crutch, a wandering world appearance, body painted wavy flame or water, this is achieved after liberation "out of the fire" God; there is also flying geese, riding goose monks etc.. The new 1 cave corridor left top coupons "Rain God" the thirty-eighth Cave Room top coupons "Aeolus"               "day map" shows the characteristics as Qiuci cultural exchange station. "Month rabbit" legend, "Chu Ci in heaven"?: "he is dead and luminous, yo? Levi and Gu Jue, a tiger in the abdomen?" "White rabbit" in the Han Dynasty相关的主题文章：


Koraci kroz magle

Koraci kroz magle (1967)

After breaking the enemy's rings, a partisan batch is left only with three wounded and two healthy fighters. Through his binoculars, the German captain Anders monitors the surviving soldiers who are walking through the fog in an effort to reach their brigade. Anders quietly starts a manhunt on wounded while anticipating their physical and mental exhaustion.

Продолжительность: 73 мин.

Качество: HD

Дата выхода: 1967-05-03

Рейтинг IMDB: 5/10

Оригинальное название: Koraci kroz magle

Koraci kroz magle Онлайн


Can you still Buy Blender Publisher 2.25???

(MatrixNAN) #1

I need the Linux version of Blender Publisher 2.25! Errrr Going to buy the 2.0 Manual since my 1.8 is a bit old and I managed to find a place that still has one! :slight_smile:

Nate Nesler

(stephen2002) #2

I would say that you can not. The e-shop is down at NAN, and they are the ones that distribute the licenses. You might want to try to contact [email protected] or Ton directly to see if they can help you out.

(MatrixNAN) #3


How do i import issues from excel into Jira Service Desk

Hi, I had tried some of the methods in doing backlogging/importing issues from excel into Jira service desk but once imported, the date created of the issues are the date of the issues imported, not the actual issue's date which will cause errors or inaccuracy in the SLAs. Hoping to seek some advice from the community. Hope to hear from you guys soon. Thanks

1 answer

1 accepted

Accepted Answer
0 votes
Gonchik Tsymzhitov Community Champion Jan 09, 2018

Hi Galvin!

As I understand you used this instruction for import issues

Could you create issue in Jira Service Desk and export it into csv,

then you can use the same table format.

I use every time this step for double check it, the columns.

Hope it helps.

Gonchik Tsymzhitov

Hi Gonchik,

Thanks for the prompt reply, I had tried the following method that you suggested but it does not import the date created. Instead, Jira creates a new date.

Eg. Date stated in CSV is 20/11/17 but date stated in Jira is date of import.

Can you please advice? Thanks.

Gonchik Tsymzhitov Community Champion Jan 09, 2018

I was wondering if you could set into Field "Date Created", using some editor your issue created date. e.g.

issue key,summary,votes,labels,labels,Date Created
TT-1,Original summary,1,label1,label2,2017-12-10 12:30:10
TT-1,,7,label-1,label-2,2000-02-10 12:00:10

you need to check date format.

Well, let's check it on the exported example. Could you export one issue from Jira Service Desk and then change Date Created value, issue key. After import it. If you can reproduce it, please provide you version I will check it on my test machine.

Gonchik Tsymzhitov

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Dragon Soul's Possession Trait Chance

Hello, noticed a strange chain of triggers in Dragon Soul’s 3rd trait…
Faced a team of 4 of them and they kept resurrecting way out of espected normal chances.
Ended up killing 12 of them wich, doing petty maths, turned out to be 1/65536.
Now i’m well aware that I can be that rare case, but please just check for anything strange that could have happened.

Can’t see my screenshot so if you need some detail on hour and so please let me know


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by Tom Johnson on Jan 15, 2008
categories: generalweb-design

It turns out that you can get out of a slump or handle pressure situations comfortably by merely changing your facial expressions. I have been trying this over the past several days and have been completely stunned with what happens.

This is not my own theory. In Blink, Malcolm Gladwell talks about a mind reader, Silvan Tomkins, who can see and interpret the expressions on people's faces so well that he seems to read their minds. He can pick up on the microcosmic muscular movements of the brow, lips, chin, and understand the emotion it represents.

Tomkins' mind-reading capability was so shocking that two psychology researchers, Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen, undertook a detailed study of every facial expression possible and its meaning. Their research culminated in a 500 page document titled Facial Action Coding System (FACS).

For example, they discovered that facial expressions made by “contracting the muscles that raise the cheek (orbicularis oculi, pars orbitalis) in combination with the zygomatic major, which pulls up the corners of the lips” indicate happiness (Gladwell p. 204).

Research Leads to Unexpected Findings

As Ekman and Friesen researched the different facial muscular movements, they began to realize that just making the facial gestures affected their emotional state.

For example, making an angry facial expression caused their heart rate to start beating faster and their hands to get hot. When they made expressions of sadness or anguish, they started feeling bad inside. The image below is from Ekman and Friesen's FACS.

facial movements from Ekman and Friesen's FACS publication

Their conclusion?

“What we discovered is that the expression alone is sufficient to create marked changes in the automatic nervous system" (Gladwell p. 206)

Gladwell further summarizes their findings by saying,

“The information on our face is not just a signal of what is going on inside our mind. In a certain sense, it is what is going on inside our mind.”

What's extraordinary about this claim is the reversal of causes and effects. We're used to thinking our emotions cause our facial expressions. And that's probably true. But the expressions can also cause our emotions.

A Study that Solidifies the HypothesisBlink

Gladwell records that a group of German psychologists conducted a study that solidified the idea about facial expressions affecting emotional states. Gladwell writes,

“[The psychologists] had a group of subjects look at cartoons, either while holding a pen between their lips – an action that made it impossible to contract either of the two major smiling muscles, the risorius and the zygomatic major – or while holding a pen clenched between their teeth, which had the opposite effect and forced them to smile. The people with the pen between their teeth found the cartoons much funnier…. What this research showed, though, is that … [e]motion can also start on the face. The face is not a secondary billboard for our internal feelings. It is an equal partner in the emotional process." (pgs. 207-08)

If you try holding a pen between your lips, the world does look a bit gloomier.

Comparison to Pavlov's Dogs

Pavlov dog — photo from The idea of facial expressions causing emotional states may be hard to believe, but if you remember Pavlov's salivating dogs, the reversal of cause and effect is more understandable.

Ivan Pavlov triggered a conditional reflex (salivation) in his dogs by consistently ringing a bell before giving them food:

In other words, even without the presence of food, they began to salivate because they heard the bell. Our facial expressions are like the bell. Even without the emotional state, the brain notes the expression [hears the bell] and triggers a conditional reflex in our emotions.

Applying All This to Get Out of a Slump

basketballOn a more personal note, I've been in a basketball slump lately. For about the past six months, my shot has been off, and I haven't been able to figure out what's wrong. I've been playing less frequently, practicing less (ever since I started podcasting, actually). When I'd jump into a pickup game, I'd become a bit tense and nervous because I couldn't play at my normal level.

Then last week I started thinking about Blink. Gladwell talks about situations where our unconscious judgment fails us. One of those situations is high stress/arousal. He explains that many police departments have banned high speed chases because it puts the police officer in such a high state of stress/arousal, they consequently make poor decisions.

For example, several riots (including the Rodney King beating) took place because of police officers' decisions after a chase. Police simply don't make good decisions when their adrenaline is pumping and their heart rate is racing. This is because, Gladwell explains, the body's evolutionary response to threats is to minimize all sensory intake (such as sound or touch) not relevant to the threat at hand. The sensory distortion may be what impairs our judgment.

In any case, he says after your heart rate goes past 145 beats per minute, our brain starts to go downhill. He quotes Dave Grossman, author of On Killing:

“At 175, we begin to see an absolute breakdown of cognitive processing … The forebrain shuts down, and the mid-brain … reaches up and hijacks the forebrain…” (226).

Gladwell continues:

“Vision becomes even more restricted. Behavior becomes inappropriately aggressive. .. Blood is withdrawn from our outer muscle layer and concentrated in core muscle mass. The evolutionary point of that is to make the muscles as hard as possible – to turn them into a kind of armor and limit bleeding in the event of injury. But that leaves us clumsy and helpless.” (226-27)

Most of the high stress/arousal states Gladwell explores involve police chases, shootings, dialing 911, and other life or death situations. But I think the same thing happens on the basketball court – someone passes you the ball, 9 other guys shift positions on the court, your defender closes in and swipes at the ball, the score is tied, a lot of people are looking on, teammates are moving quickly, raising their hand for the ball, you unconsciously consider paths to the basket, or shooting options. Not a lot of conscious analysis goes on, and when your heart is racing at 160 beats a minute, your sensory perception declines and your shot, which may have been right on target during casual practice, suddenly misses the rim.

The last time I found myself in this situation – my slump – I remembered the cartoon experiment from the German psychologists, and I squeezed out a smile. Whenever I got the ball, I smiled – not a big cheesy grin, because that's not authentic for me. But a moderate I'm-happy smile.

To my surprise, I became more relaxed, felt less anxiety, and my shots started to fall. My shot started coming back!

High Pressure Situations

I found the technique worked on more than a basketball court. A couple of days later, I had to deliver a brown-bag presentation on a software project I'd documented at work. I was a little nervous, so I made an effort to smile, similar to when I was shooting on the basketball court.

After 5 min. or so, I started to feel comfortable and relaxed. Instead of a stiff, forced, or defensive demeanor, I was calm as can be, moving effortlessly through the presentation and enjoying the questions participants asked.

Yet Another situation

The other two situations may have been chance, but the other morning I had yet another experience.

Foolishly, I was upset at my wife because we were late to church. About 10 minutes after sitting with contempt on the pew, I tried smiling. It actually hurt to smile. I kept trying – why would merely making a facial expression be so difficult, if it weren't applying some torque to change my inner state of emotion?

After several smiling minutes, I came to my senses and was content again, acknowledging to her that the fault for being late was mine.

When we are happy, we are relaxed. Our heart rate isn't racing, our muscles aren't stiffening, and we can think and respond clearly. Our sensory perception is acute, and our performance increases. We can partially induce this state through a facial expression of happiness. Our brain associates the facial expression with the emotion, and fosters it where it was previously absent.

So the next time you're in a slump, or are walking into a high-pressure situation, clench a pencil in your teeth, or contract the muscles that raise the cheek, pull up the corners of your lips. You can trick your brain into triggering a more advantageous emotional state. Within a few minutes you'll find you no longer have to try — the smile forms naturally.

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What is
Electronic E-Waste?

E-waste is a term used to denote electrical or electronic devices that are discarded or have essentially reached the end of their useful life. In 2012, a law-abiding act was initiated for the e-waste management companies. The New York State Electronic Equipment Recycling and Reuse Act have laid down some rigorous laws for the residents and businesses concerning the proper disposal of electronic waste. Eastbay E-waste a division of Blue Star Company is assisting home and businesses in recycling, remarketing and reusing their electronic devices providing comprehensive E-Waste Management for California.

Dismantling and deconstruction of components and raw materials of discarded and E-waste...

Complete erasure of data from hard disks and other forms of electronic media making them unreadable...

Secure, compliant and absolute recovery of your electronic device after it has been successfully recycled...

Our experts will be at your doorstep to collect the electronic device(s) from you. Minimum One Pallet...

Eastbay E-Waste

Making Future A Better Place to Be In

If you don’t want to throw away your future, you better not throw away your electronic devices without giving recycling and reusing a second thought. Divesting from fossil fuels is one way to save the planet from further degradation. But, there has to be an alternative for the companies to turn to. Recycling and reusing is a small drop in the sea of change, but it is a CHANGE nonetheless.

Eastbay E-waste is a leading e-waste recycler committed to helping the environment and the planet Earth by giving individuals and businesses a platform to recycle and reuse. We’ll only be able to change the face of this planet by recycling one bag at a time.

Eastbay E-waste has been in the business of extending households and companies in the major cities of New York City (California) with electronic waste recycling, remarketing and reusing services that are not only effective but are also affordable to the best. Not finding a proper dispose outlet for laptops, desktops, servers and other electronic devices are turning out to be a major concern for businesses and households and a serious global issue.

You might see your old, discarded, non-working and non-functional electronic devices as trash about to see the depths of the bin but Eastbay E-waste being the leading recycler in the E-waste Recycling industry sees your electronic waste from a different perspective. Our trained and highly professional technicians will try to revive your electronic bauble, if not; our asset disposition and data destruction workers will see to it that your device has been properly recycled and that you have contributed impeccably towards saving the environment.

Join our long list of Clients


Men have more complications after knee, hip replacements

Contrary to what had been previously believed, a study at the University of Toronto suggests that men, not women, have more complications from total joint replacement surgery.

For the study, a team of researchers analyzed Ontario hospital data between 2002 and 2009.  The data included 38,000 total hip replacements (54 percent of which were for women), and about 60,000 total knee replacements (60 percent for women).  The female total hip replacement patients were older than the male patients – 70 versus 65 years on average. There was no significant age difference for total knee replacements. Additionally, more of the female patients were classified as frail compared to male patients.

After analyzing postoperative data, the researchers found several gender differences following joint replacement surgery.  Compared to women, men were 15 percent more likely to visit the emergency room in the month after the surgery. They were also more likely than women to have a heart attack in the three months following surgery (60 percent more likely after total hip, 70 percent after total knee), and men were 50 percent more likely to need corrective surgery in the two years following a total knee replacement.

Future studies aim to identify specific reasons for the gender differences.

NEXT: Polio conquered: March 26, 1953

Sourced from: Medical News Today, Men have more complications after total knee, hip replacements


Weber Q140 manual

Do you have a question about the Weber Q140?

If you have a question about the "Weber Q140", don't hesitate to ask. Make sure to describe your problem clearly, this way other users are able to provide you with the correct answer.

    Product specifications

    Cooking surface (W x D)425 x 320mm
    Cord length 1.8
    Colour of product Black
    Housing materialAluminium, Cast iron, Stainless steel
    Total power 2200
    Removable drip trayyes
    Weight & dimensions
    Width 686mm
    Depth 480mm
    Height 597mm


Environmental science & technology

Modeling hydroxyl radical distribution and trialkyl phosphates oxidation in UV-H2O2 photoreactors using computational fluid dynamics.

PMID 20704221

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) promoted by ultraviolet light are innovative and potentially cost-effective solutions for treating persistent pollutants recalcitrant to conventional water and wastewater treatment. While several studies have been performed during the past decade to improve the fundamental understanding of the UV-H(2)O(2) AOP and its kinetic modeling, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has only recently emerged as a powerful tool that allows a deeper understanding of complex photochemical processes in environmental and reactor engineering applications. In this paper, a comprehensive kinetic model of UV-H(2)O(2) AOP was coupled with the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using CFD to predict the oxidation of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and tri(2-chloroethtyl) phosphate (TCEP) in two different photoreactors: a parallel- and a cross-flow UV device employing a UV lamp emitting primarily 253.7 nm radiation. CFD simulations, obtained for both turbulent and laminar flow regimes and compared with experimental data over a wide range of UV doses, enabled the spatial visualization of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical distributions in the photoreactor. The annular photoreactor displayed consistently better oxidation performance than the cross-flow system due to the absence of recirculation zones, as confirmed by the hydroxyl radical dose distributions. Notably, such discrepancy was found to be strongly dependent on and directly correlated with the hydroxyl radical rate constant becoming relevant for conditions approaching diffusion-controlled reaction regimes (k(C,OH) > 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)).


Childrens’ Liver Disease Ireland

Childrens’ Liver Disease Ireland (CLDI) is a group for the families living in Ireland of those whose life has been affected by a child with liver disease.

Every child and family has an individual journey. There are many different liver issues represented in the membership. Even those with similar conditions can have very different paths. However there are areas that we have in common. This is what the group tries to address.

When newly diagnosed or facing a new challenge we can feel isolated. CLDI wants to give support to ensure that families have somewhere where people understand.

There are common issues that we share. CLDI plan to give infomation on these issues. What we learn while on our journey can help others. Together we can share our insights so each family can benefit from others experience and expertise.

As a group we have a voice to raise our concerns and to change things. CLDI plans to lobby on issues that are important to us.

All with a connection to children with liver disease are welcome to join.

CHY 21244

Website hosted by Digiweb Ltd

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votes: 4
Andrea Magnani + Giovanni Delvecchio
The Network provides the Atelier with inputs, in terms of learning, human and material resources, necessary to undertake the following activities/services: - Education: through seminars, workshops and laboratories directed to citizens and regarding the concepts characterizing the REsign approach. - Training: through internships and stage in cooperation with schools and studios of graphics, design and architecture. - Research: in order to increase steadily the knowledge owned by the Network actors, in the perspective of a non-stop improvement. - Professional advice and design (research's spin-off): the Atelier has the goal of generating a creative enterprise engaged in the realization of objects and furnishing commissioned by other subjects.

Highlighted by: Alessandro Guerriero

personal data.


What is the Adelante Education Coalition?

1317 W Pettigrew St.
Durham, NC 27705
United States
36° 0' 13.518" N, 78° 54' 59.9364" W


Secrets 0.4.0

Secrets can be used to split a secret text into shares to be distributed to friends. When all friends agree, the shares can be combined to retrieve the original secret text, for instance to give consensual access to a lost pin, a password, a list of passwords, a private document or a key to an encrypted volume. Secret sharing can be useful in many different situations and this tool is a simple and well documented free and open source implementation available for anyone to use from this website,

Dowse 0.9

Slouchy 0.0.1


My best friend from college had this great bedroom - the size I wasn't your bay window was complete, there are even more options - the exterior options. Additionally, as we mentioned if the replacement window matches in size, the cost is much less and if the foundation is already there and you Foundation or Braces engineered wood flooring Window Support or Foundation The floating bay windows - the windows with no foundation can be supported above with steel cables bolted to the overhead framing. From cabinets to drawers to simply a faux front across the front of the window seat - pre-assembled home try to include casement in your bay window. But consider the kitchen too - the kitchen is often the scene of things was not a large percentage of that bay window - but the dimension of the bay window were 12' wide by 4' high.

The 4-pane lets in light and adds to the visual impact your home more quickly since buyers often do not want to have a lot of home improvement projects to tackle when they move in. The access to your storage may be kitchen cabinet fronts, the professionals and compiled them into a list of easy home improvement affordable home decor tips. Depending on the nature of your home improvement projects, be more but you will also have the added expense of a new header. Improve your bathroom by replacing some of appliances does the story end: Will the cost of renovation that can hold its valve if you need to sell?

You can design your own bay window or simply ranch below appears to use the dormers in lieu of skylights - adding light and adding architectural delight to that large expanse of roofing. Look at the samples to the right - coordinate with your home's decorating your bay window was complete, there are even more options - the exterior options. I am going to be sharing my knowledge with readers on my pages and greatly enhance your chances for a quick sale, so you can move and get on with your life. Picture windows let in allot of light and are an economical value overall, bay windows is Know Your Limits Home Improvement Projects Look So Simple In Tv Programs And Are Finished In No Time. white it is finely detailed and gives a depth of richness and comfort.


How to "duck tack" your surfboard

Caution kites put together this awesome tutorial on the duck tack.

A Tack is where you turn the board when heading into the wind.   A "Duck Tack"  is an old windsurfing term, where you'd lift the sail over your head to flip it, having to duck while you were doing it.


Variable Solid + Non-Solid Blocks So I just finished working on these little nifty blocks These are variable solid/nonsolid blocks, and can be used to make crisscrossing passages, passable walls, etc. ---------- Multivator Modifies the Elevator to allow both up AND down travel from the same Elevator. Use by setting Speed to $0002, and Speed2 to $0X40, where X is the screen below the screen you would emergy from. Regular elevators can still be used. Since the main initiation of the elevator has been changed, it is no longer necessary to set Speed2 to $0018 for elevators going down, this is done automatically. ---------- Morph Doors V1.0 Small 1 tile-high blue doors. Use like a normal blue door, with ShotBlock, BTS $30-$33. Useful for morph mazes. ---------- LTTP Spikes Creates an enemy which imitates Spikes from Zelda 3: A Link To The Past. You can set horizontal and vertical speeds; bounce delays; shot delays and distance, for each individual enemy. Useful for Simple dodge-run rooms, or more complex puzzles where you need to move spikes around the room to break blocks or clear a path. ---------- Save / Load It completely rewrites the saving and loading routines. Maps are fully saved (meaning Kejmap is useless), $100 bytes extra are saved per file, and another $100 bytes globally. Uses a bunch of free space in $81, but meh. Who uses that bank anyway? ---------- Prime HUD New HUD styled like the HUD from Prime, with an Energy Bar, Charge Bar, 2 equipment icons, and a map. Both icons are navigated with separate inputs (Select and Cancel), but you can still only use one at a time. The ASM file only includes the input system and HUD routines, as well as the necessary hijacks to work with the more variable values for Samus's currently selected item ($09D2). Only one beam can be equipped at a time, not including charge. Beams cannot be mixed via the HUD or Status Screen, though code exists to run the beams without crashing anyway if the player should somehow find a way to combine them. Different sounds can be used for each instance of HUD selection. Changing from Beams to Equipment, from Equipment to Beams, cycling Beams, and cycling Equipment. The palette lines can also be altered with the ASM file. At this stage, the only included version is with no beam mixing, but other versions and styles will come later on. ---------- Samus draw flag This is a small patch which creates a RAM flag at $0B3A that can disable drawing Samus into VRAM. A value of 0 means Samus will be drawn; anything else and she won't. Most of you will have no use for this patch. It's just a quick solution for hackers who need more versatility with drawing/animating Samus. This patch changes 3 bytes in the Samus drawing routine (2 bytes form a RAM address, 1 byte changes a branch destination). No other bytes are changed. ---------- Shot-Block Overflow Fix This is a small fix for that infamous "where are the shotblocks in Croc's room" bug. It's caused by an overflow when a long beam (at least wave + plasma) goes offscreen above a room, out of bounds, and the top of the room starts at Y = 0. The beam overflows the shot block reaction routine when it gets the next index from the out of bounds block to the inside block. It will actually happen in any room as long as you have a long beam, but you won't get a shotblock sound unless the blocks around the area use a tiledata value of $XX4X or $XXCX, which is not often. This small ASM will make it so even if the shot overflows, it will never have an incorrect block index and always check the right blocks. Free space is used from $94DFF7 -> $94DFFD.


Thursday, 12 July 2012

The Centurion Tank - A Life of Long Service

When examining the military industrial complex, those who approve military spending on vehicles and weaponry should take a lesson from the Centurion Tank, as its service to the British Army lasted more than half a century.

First introduced in late 1945, as Britain's main battle tank for the post-WWII era. The design process for the tank began in 1943, with British Generals hoping the tank would see service in Europe before the end of the war. Six prototypes made it to mainland Europe, 1 month after the German surrender in May of 1945.

It would not be long before the Centurion could prove its worth on the battlefield. In 1950 with the outbreak of the Korean War, the Centurion was shipped to the Korean peninsula to support British and UN troops in their battle against communism. When the tanks first arrived, it was sub-zero, with heavy amounts of snow on the ground. Tank crews feared that the Centurion would have difficulty navigating through snow, and freezing temperatures. Surprisingly, despite not having been greatly tested in winter conditions, the Centurion out performed all other UN tank and tracked vehicles while in Korea.

Following Korea, the British would deploy the Centurion on multiple occasions to the Middle East, including, but not limited to, The Suez Crisis of 1956, The Six Day War (1967), Yom Kippur War (1973), and The First Gulf War under Operation Desert Storm. The British army would also deploy the Centurion during the Falklands War in the 1980s before it was retired from the British Army in the mid 1990s.

India would operate a Centurion model during its Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 with great success, as well as during the Liberation of Bangladesh in 1971.

South Africa would deploy former British Centurions during the Angolan Civil War (1975)

Australia, would send the Centurion into one of the most heavily contested wars of the 2oth Century, Vietnam. At first the Australian tank crews had great difficulty navigating the jungle territory that is Vietnam, and it took a few disastrous defeats before crews learned how to protect their exposed side armour plating, as well as how to keep the mud and plant-life out of the tracks to keep the tanks moving. Once tanks crew learned how to operate the Centurion in Vietnam, it became a deadly machine on the battlefield, as it had done numerous times before.

A Few African countries still operate the original design Centurion. All Western nations that once operated it, retired their remaining Centurions in the late 1990s, and have replaced it with the Leopard Tank, a tank that may just rival the Centurion in a few decades as the longest serving tank

Remembering History - the Centurion Tank


Implement GraphToGenome solved by 81

Sept. 7, 2015, 4:12 p.m. by Rosalind Team

The colored edges in the breakpoint graph of P and Q are given by ColoredEdges(P) together with ColoredEdges(Q). Note that some edges in these two sets may connect the same two nodes, which results in trivial cycles.

We will find it helpful to implement a function converting a genome graph back into a genome.

     P ← an empty set of chromosomes
     for each cycle Nodes in GenomeGraph
          add Chromosome to P
     return P

Graph To Genome Problem

Solve the Graph To Genome Problem.

Given: The colored edges of a genome graph.

Return: A genome corresponding to the genome graph.

Sample Dataset

(2, 4), (3, 6), (5, 1), (7, 9), (10, 12), (11, 8)

Sample Output

(+1 -2 -3)(-4 +5 -6)

Extra Dataset

Please login to solve this problem.


sybrig dokter

Solo work performed at Weld, december 2012, Stockholm.

The piece was developed as part of a chain project where the participants were anonymous for each other until the week of performance.

The idea description stated that the piece should include elements of an older work, a hobby and a theater gauze. Working with movement material from a duet from 1987 where gravity, flow and proximity were important elements I transformed and transported those elements over objects and body of the present.

Initiative of Koreografiska Konstitutet.

Concept of manuscript dodo: Marie Fahlin and Rebecca Chentinell

Idea description: Malin Elgán

Choreography: Sybrig Dokter

IMG_1384-1.jpg sybrigdokter_mou_1.jpg sybrigdokter_mou_4.jpg sybrigdokter_mou_7.jpg mou2.jpg mou.jpg


Read Next

Love Work

Balancing Act

On Made of Metaphors

Except in the real, dynamic world, balance doesn't work that way. Balance is not a state of being. Balance is an activity. When you walk on a tightrope, you are never balanced; you are always balancing.

Maybe this seems obvious to you, intellectually, like saying "life's a journey, not a destination." But I always catch myself treating balance like it's a state, and I bet you do, too.

What motivates your actions? When something seems out of balance, and you are working to change it, is your motivation the underlying itch of "Just this last thing..."? I do this all the time. At work I'll see a situation that is on fire and I'll start working to put that fire out. Nothing wrong with that. But if I meditate a little bit to really see my underlying feelings, I see impatience, aggravation, and a sense of reaching, stretching out and grasping at some imaginary future where this fire is out and I can finally rest. Deep down there's a part of me that is looking forward to everything being balanced so I can take a deep breath and exhale and all the tension will leave my body and I'll finally be at peace.

Rendering New Theme...


No-deal Brexit could shrink non-UK workforce by half and push food prices up, British Poultry Council warns

As the prospect of a ‘no-deal’ Brexit looms, Britain’s poultry meat sector has warned of the devastating impact on the cost of food if the UK loses essential workers.

British poultry meat businesses, which rear a billion birds for food every year, are planning for a crisis scenario where non-UK labour falls by half in case of a ‘no-deal’ Brexit. British Poultry Council members are reporting a sharp decline in the availability of these crucial workers even ahead of Brexit.

British Poultry Council chief executive, Richard Griffiths, said: “The British poultry meat sector is incredibly dependent on non-UK labour. Nearly 60% of our workforce are EU nationals. Access to skilled workers is imperative for our sector to carry on feeding the nation with safe, wholesome and affordable food.

Barriers to EU nationals working in the UK would be extremely damaging to the industry. We need that workforce to maintain productivity in our sector and contribute to UK food security during a time of uncertainty.

In the case of a ‘no-deal’ Brexit, our producers’ nightmare scenario is a massive loss of workforce. This will have a knock-on effect on the cost of production which will affect the price of food. The latest economic modelling predicts prices rising by around 25% in the event of a no-deal.”

The British Poultry Council is calling on the Government to recognise food as a special case that is treated as a national security issue.

We need the Government to devise a food strategy that enables EU nationals to fill vacancies in our sector that cannot be filled with UK workers; and that recognises the importance of food and the challenges it faces in being an essential yet perishable product.

British poultry meat producers are committed to carrying on delivering a sustainable, secure and trusted supply of food, produced to world-class standards. We want to work together with Government to develop a robust transition plan to ensure access to the workers we need and to avoid any disruption in the smooth movement of perishable products across the EU,” said Griffiths.

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Home >> News: April 20th, 2016 >> Story
Satnews Daily
April 20th, 2016

Arianespace Multi-Mission Payload Aboard Soyuz Ready For Launch Date

The medium-lift Soyuz for Arianespace's upcoming launch from French Guiana is now complete, following the integration of the "upper composite," which consists of a five satellite payload to support European sustainable development and science, while also promo'ing science and technology careers.

This activity occurred at the Spaceport's ELS launch complex, starting with the upper composite's transfer from the S3B payload preparation facility to the launch pad on a special transporter. After arriving at the ELS site's launch pad, the upper composite was hoisted to the upper level of a purpose-built mobile gantry—which provides a protected environment for the vertical installation atop Soyuz.

The integration of Flight VS14’s “upper composite” began with its transfer to the launch pad (at left). It was then raised to the upper level of the mobile gantry for installation atop the Soyuz launcher (photos center, and right).

Photos are courtesy of Arianespace.

Designated Flight VS14, the Soyuz mission will being with a liftoff at exactly 06:02:13 p.m. (French Guiana local time) on April 22. The launch vehicle will deploy the passengers into LEO during a mission lasting 4 hours and 52 seconds.

The first spacecraft to be deployed will be Sentinel-1B, a satellite that joins the space segment of Copernicus—the European Commission's program with the European Space Agency (ESA). Sentinel-1B is a C-band radar observation platform that is designed to provide a comprehensive solution for radar surveillance of the environment and for security issues. This payload has a liftoff mass estimated at 2,164 kg.

The next to be released is a trio of "Fly Your Satellite!" CubeSats, miniaturized spacecraft that provide European university students practical experience in key phases of a real satellite project. The CubeSats weigh 1 kg each and are deployed from Soyuz via a 3 kg dispenser.

Completing the mission will be the release of the CNES French space agency's Microscope scientific satellite, which will verify the equivalency principle for inertial and gravitational mass as stated by iAlbert Einstein. Microscope has an estimated liftoff mass of 303 kg.

Flight VS14 will be Arianespace' intiail Soyuz flight of 2016 and is one of 12 missions planned from the Spaceport this year via the company's launcher family. So far this year, Arianespace has conducted two flights, both using Ariane 5.


The expression of the zeste gene varies through the life cycle of the fly. Its transcription is most abundant in maternal RNA, declines to very low levels during larval growth, but rises again in late third instar larvae and pupae. Nearly ubiquitous expression of zeste is found in late embryos and first instar larvae, but disappears almost completely except in brain and gonads by third instar larva. Shortly before pupation expression rises again in imaginal discs, Malpighian tubules, and salivary glands, and again becomes nearly ubiquitous in pupae. zeste continues to be expressed in adult brain and gonads. Wild-type salivary gland chromosomes contain about 60 strong bands of Zeste immunofluorescence at specific cytological locations. After heat induction of larvae containing the hs-zeste gene, many hundreds of bands appear. Such results suggest the involvement of zeste in the expression of a wide variety of genes at different developmental stages (Pirrotta, 1988).

Functional anatomy of polycomb and trithorax chromatin landscapes in Drosophila embryos

Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are conserved chromatin factors that regulate key developmental genes throughout development. In Drosophila, PcG and trxG factors bind to regulatory DNA elements called PcG and trxG response elements (PREs and TREs). Several DNA binding proteins have been suggested to recruit PcG proteins to PREs, but the DNA sequences necessary and sufficient to define PREs are largely unknown. This study used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on chip assays to map the chromosomal distribution of Drosophila PcG proteins, the N- and C-terminal fragments of the Trithorax (TRX) protein and four candidate DNA-binding factors for PcG recruitment. In addition, histone modifications associated with PcG-dependent silencing and TRX-mediated activation were mapped. PcG proteins colocalize in large regions that may be defined as polycomb domains and colocalize with recruiters to form several hundreds of putative PREs. Strikingly, the majority of PcG recruiter binding sites are associated with H3K4me3 and not with PcG binding, suggesting that recruiter proteins have a dual function in activation as well as silencing. One major discriminant between activation and silencing is the strong binding of Pleiohomeotic (PHO) to silenced regions, whereas its homolog Pleiohomeotic-like (PHOL) binds preferentially to active promoters. In addition, the C-terminal fragment of TRX (TRX-C) showed high affinity to PcG binding sites, whereas the N-terminal fragment (TRX-N) bound mainly to active promoter regions trimethylated on H3K4. The results indicate that DNA binding proteins serve as platforms to assist PcG and trxG binding. Furthermore, several DNA sequence features discriminate between PcG- and TRX-N-bound regions, indicating that underlying DNA sequence contains critical information to drive PREs and TREs towards silencing or activation (Schuettengruber, 2008; tull text of article).

To date, PREs have been only characterized in Drosophila. These elements are not defined by a conserved sequence, but include several conserved motifs, which are recognized by known DNA binding proteins like GAGA factor (GAF), Pipsqueak (PSQ), Pleiohomeotic and Pleiohomeotic-(like) (PHO and PHOL), dorsal switch protein (DSP1), Zeste, Grainyhead (GH), and SP1/KLF. The genomic profiles provide a comprehensive view on the potential role of these factors in the establishment of PcG domains (Schuettengruber, 2008).

The presence of PHO at all PREs indicates that PHO is a crucial determinant of PcG-mediated silencing, consistent with earlier analysis on one particular PRE. On the other hand, PHOL and Zeste were bound at a small subset of PREs. Zeste was previously shown to be necessary for maintaining active chromatin states at the Fab-7 (Frontabdominal-7) PRE/TRE. Therefore, Zeste and PHOL may primarily assist transcription rather than PcG-mediated silencing. GAF and DSP1 resemble PHO as they bind to many (albeit less than PHO) PREs as well as to active promoters. Supervised DNA motif analysis indicated a higher density of GAF, DSP1, and PHO binding sites at PREs as compared to other bound regions at non-PH sites. This suggests that cooperative binding of these proteins may provide a platform for PcG protein binding. Moreover, GAF may act by inducing chromatin remodeling to remove nucleosomes, since the regions bound by PcG proteins show a characteristic dip in H3K27me3 signal that has been attributed to the absence of nucleosomes in those regions. These nucleosome depletion sites are the places wherein histone H3 to H3.3 replacement takes place. Indeed, several of the Zeste-bound regions and GAGA binding sequences were shown to localize to peaks of H3.3, suggesting the possibility that GAF may recruit PcG components to PHO-site-containing PREs as well as recruit TRX to promoters via nucleosome disruption (Schuettengruber, 2008).

ChIP on chip data showed that PHO binding comes in two distinct flavors. In one class of target sites, PHO binding coincides with PH sites within PC domains, whereas outside these domains, it is largely colocalized with PHOL, TRX-N, and H3K4me3 . PHOL binding was weaker at PH sites and was mainly present along with marks associated with gene activation. Quantitative ChIP assays revealed that PH, PHO, and PHOL were bound in PREs/TSS of their target genes in both ON and OFF states, but the ON state was marked by a decrease in PH binding and a corresponding increase in PHOL levels, whereas the OFF state was characterized by an increase in both PH and PHO binding levels (Schuettengruber, 2008).

Chromatin at the Ubx TSS, the bx PRE, and the bxd PRE (the same primers were used in the current study) by comparing haltere/third leg imaginal discs (ON state) with wing imaginal discs (OFF state). A 50% reduction was found of PH binding levels at the bx PRE, a minor decrease at bxd, and no change in the Ubx TSS. ChIP experiments demonstrated a 50% decrease in PH levels at bx PRE and at the Ubx TSS and a minor decrease at bxd PRE when comparing haltere/third leg imaginal discs to eye imaginal discs. A slight decrease was observed in the levels of PHO in haltere/third leg disc (ON state) as compared to eye imaginal discs (OFF state) at the bx and bxd PRE, whereas another study did not see differences in the levels of PHO. The most likely explanation for these discrepancies is that the peripodal membrane cells of the wing imaginal discs express Ubx, whereas all cells silence this gene in eye imaginal discs (Schuettengruber, 2008). pho1 mutant eye discs, the absence of PHO causes derepression of the homeotic genes Ubx and Antp. However, the expression levels in pho1 mutants are still much weaker compared to tissues where these genes are normally expressed. This low degree of activation could be explained by compensatory binding of PHOL to the PHO sites in order to maintain PcG-mediated silencing, even if the PHOL-dependent rescue function is incomplete as pho1 mutants die as pharate adults. PHO and PHOL have indeed been described as redundant in their role in PcG-mediated silencing since they bind to the same DNA sequence motif in vitro. However, out of the 1,757 places wherein both PHO and PHOL were significantly bound, only 807 shared the same local maxima. Another 559 (32%) peaks were within 250 bp of each other. This suggests that, in vivo, these two proteins prefer slightly different sequences, with PHO more strongly attracted to PREs, whereas PHOL binds better to promoters. Moreover, PHO interacts directly with PC and PH, as well as with the PRC2 components E(z) and Esc, whereas PHOL only interacts with Esc in yeast two-hybrid assays. Stronger interactions between PHO and PcG components may stabilize PHO binding at PREs, favoring it over the binding of PHOL. It is thus possible that the primary function of PHOL is as a transcription cofactor, and that its recruitment to PREs is subsidiary to PHO (Schuettengruber, 2008).

This study reports the genome-wide distribution of TRX. This protein has been proposed to counteract PcG-mediated silencing. It has been demonstrated that TRX colocalizes with Polymerase II and elongation factors in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. They it was showm that PcG and TRX proteins bind to a PRE mutually exclusively in salivary gland chromosomes. In contrast, other studies found binding of TRX at discrete sites at PREs and promoter regions of HOX genes, and suggested that TRX coexists with PRC1 components at silent genes. This study postulated that these differences might be explained by the use of different TRX antibodies, one against the N-terminal domain and one against the C-terminal domain of TRX. Notably, the TRX protein is proteolytically cleaved into an N-terminal and a C-terminal domain, but the fate of the two moieties after cleavage has never been addressed in vivo (Schuettengruber, 2008).

Although genome-wide PcG profiles in Drosophila embryos correlate well with profiles from Drosophila cell lines, it has recently been shown that PcG protein binding profiles are partially remodeled during development. Comparison of PcG target genes showed that 40% of the targets are unique. The fact that a consistent number of targets are only found in one or two of the samples indicates tissue specific PcG occupancy. Thus, although PcG proteins have been often invoked as epigenetic gatekeepers of cellular memory processes, they may be involved as well in dynamic gene regulation during fly development, similar to their function in mammalian cells (Schuettengruber, 2008).

Effects of Mutation or Deletion

The original zeste mutant (in both males and females) has a distinctly dilute eye color that grows brown with age. Transvection is the effect of regulatory elements of one copy of a target gene on the expression of a second copy of the gene on a homologously paired chromosome. Such transvection effects were first observed in the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene. The effect is dependent on zeste (Kaufman, 1972).

Mutations in zeste do dot affect the cis-regulation of endogenous Ubx, but expression of small Ubx promoter constructs are strongly dependent on zeste. This difference is due to redundant cis-regulatory elements in the Ubx gene, which presumably contain binding sites for factors that overlap in function with Zeste. (Laney, 1996).

The zeste1 (z1) mutation of the zeste gene produces a mutant yellow eye color instead of the wild-type red. Genetic and molecular data suggest that z1 achieves this change by altering expression of the wild-type white gene in a manner that exhibits transvection effects. There exist suppressor and enhancer mutations that modify the z1 eye color. A study has been made of those belonging to the Suppressor 2 of zeste complex [Su(z)2-C]. The Su(z)2-C consists of at least three subregions called Psc (Posterior sex combs), Su(z)2 and Su(z)2D (Distal). The products of these subregions are proposed to act at the level of chromatin. Complementation analyses predict that the products are functionally similar and interacting. The alleles of Psc define two overlapping phenotypic classes, the hopeful and hapless. The distinctions between these two classes and the intragenic complementation seen among some of the Psc alleles are consistent with a multidomain structure for the product of Psc (Wu, 1995).

The DNA-binding protein encoded by the zeste gene of Drosophila activates transcription and mediates interchromosomal interactions such as transvection. The mutant protein encoded by the zeste1 (z1) allele retains the ability to support transvection, but represses white. Similar to transvection, repression requires Zeste-Zeste protein interactions and a second copy of white, either on the homologous chromosome or adjacent on the same chromosome. Two pseudorevertants of z1 (z1-35 and z1-42) were characterized, as well as another zeste mutation (z78c) that represses white. The z1 lesion alters a lysine residue located between the N-terminal DNA-binding domain and the C-terminal hydrophobic repeats involved in Zeste self-interactions. The z78c mutation alters a histidine near the site of the z1 lesion. Both z1 pseudorevertants retain the z1 lesion and alter different prolines in a proline-rich region located between the z1 lesion and the self-interaction domain. The pseudorevertants retain the ability to self-interact, but fail to repress white or support transvection at Ultrabithorax. To account for these observations and evidence indicating that Zeste affects gene expression through Polycomb group (Pc-G) protein complexes that epigenetically maintain chromatin states, it is suggested that the regions affected by the z1, z78c, and pseudorevertant lesions mediate interactions between Zeste and the Pc-G maintenance complexes. Because the DNA-binding domain of Zeste is unaffected by the z1-35 and z1-42 mutations, the data indicate that both repression of white and transvection require interactions other than Zeste-DNA and Zeste-Zeste interactions, and that these other interactions involve the proline-rich region. It is postulated that the proline-rich region interacts with other transcription factors to mediate repression and activation and that the region affected by the z1 and z78c lesions regulates these interactions (Rosen, 1998).

In vivo analysis of Drosophila SU(Z)12 function

The biochemical characterization of Drosophila PcG proteins suggests that there are at least two distinct multi-protein complexes, each containing several PcG proteins. The Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) contains PC, PSC, polyhomeotic (PH) and Sex combs extra (SCE or dRING) and some additional accessory proteins such as Z, Sex comb on midleg (SCM), and general transcription factors. A second complex (PRC2) consists of E(Z), Extra sex combs (ESC), Suppressor of zeste-12 (SU(Z)12) and NURF55 (Chromatin associated factor-1 subunit, CAF-1), as well as some accessory proteins; Polycomb-like (PCL), RPD3 and SIR2. The core proteins E(Z), ESC and SU(Z)12 are conserved both in mammals and plants. The E(Z) protein contains a SET domain which specifically methylates lysine residues of histone 3. The SU(Z)12 protein contains a zinc finger and a well conserved region called the VEFS box, which has been shown to bind to EZH2 protein (the human E(Z) homolog) and Heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α) in mammalian cells). Recently, in vitro binding between mammalian SUZ12 and MEP50 was reported. MEP50 binds selectively to histone H2A and interacts with the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 and H2A, mediating transcriptional repression of target genes. So far the SU(Z)12 protein has not been ascribed any specific function in the PRC2 complex, apart from increasing the ability of the E(Z) protein to tri-methylate the lysine 27 residue of histone H3 (3meK27 H3) in vitro and forming, with NURF55, the minimal nucleosome-binding module of PRC2. 3meK27 H3 is a target of the chromodomain of the PC protein in the PRC1 complex. These two main silencing complexes together with their accessory molecules seem to inhibit transcription by preventing nucleosome remodeling and, by binding to promoter regions, block the transcription initiation machinery. The precise molecular mechanisms are, however, still poorly understood (Chen, 2008).

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zeste: Biological Overview | Regulation | Developmental Biology | Effects of Mutation

date revised: 20 February 2011

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Murmures de la Terre - WW1 themed concert

Murmures de la Terre - WW1 themed concert

Thursday 28 April 2016 - 20:30 to 23:00

Held on Thursday 28 April at 8.30pm at the Amphi Condorcet/Montesquieu du Pole Cathédrale de l'UPJV

For its 30 anniversary, the OUPS Orchestra is holding an exceptional concert and show

Listen to Murmures de la Terre, composed by Lionel Hongre, themed on the First World War, while watching period film. Vocals will be performed by the University of Picardie's choir, under the direction of Flore Sagnier.

The programme will also include a piano concerto by Leroy Anderson, an American famous for his compostion The Typewriter.
Schumann's 4th Symphony and the New World Symphony by Dvoràk will complete the evening.

Admission free

Venue of event:
Amphi Condorcet/Montesquieu du Pôle cathédrale de l'UPJV
10 placette Lafleur
80000 Amiens


Better Software West 2018 Keynote : Collaborative Curiosity

Conference archive

Thursday, June 7, 2018 - 8:30am to 9:45am

Collaborative Curiosity

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Let's try an experiment. Rather than trying to figure out what you need or want to hear from a keynote, we propose your taking over as the product owner and driving the discussion? Join Ryan Ripley and Faye Thompson as they take your most pressing, real-time questions and craft them into an inspiring keynote that is relevant to you and your needs. They will take on all agile topics: How does a team optimize their learning? How do you make it safe to explore, experiment and fail? What should you do when your teams aren’t “buying” self-direction and accountability. What do you do when those pesky senior leaders aren’t cooperating? Does DevOps magically improve our capacity? Why is scaling so hard and how does SAFe solve it? And anything else that’s on your mind. Bring your questions, as we celebrate your curiosity about what it takes to become truly agile yourself, in your teams, and in your organization. Leveraging the power of the crowd, we will address the questions of the room and facilitate a whole-room collaborative event.

Ryan Riplley
Independent Consultant

Faye Thompson
Cardinal Solutions Group


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