On Feb. 26, 2009, The Lubrizol Corporation (“Lubrizol”) agreed to enter into a consent agreement with the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), subject to final approval, settling the FTC’s challenge to Lubrizol’s 2007 acquisition of the oxidate assets of its competitor, The Lockhart Company (“Lockhart”). The settlement was just the latest in a series of challenges by U.S. antitrust agencies to consummated transactions that were not required to be reported to the FTC and Department of Justice (“DOJ”) pursuant to the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976 (as amended, the “HSR Act”). These recent cases serve as a reminder that antitrust agencies will challenge transactions and agreements they believe harm consumers, even if post-integration unwinding of assets is required.

The products at issue in the current challenge were chemical additives used to make rust preventives. According to the FTC’s complaint, the acquisition violated the FTC Act and the Clayton Act by lessening competition in the market for rust preventives that contain oxidates. The purchase price for such assets was approximately $15.6 million.

The FTC alleged that the relevant market was highly concentrated and that, prior to the acquisition, Lubrizol and Lockhart were the only significant providers in the U.S. The FTC determined that customers did not consider the oxidates manufactured by smaller firms to be suitable alternatives. Accordingly, Lubrizol was left with no significant competitors in the U.S. market. Furthermore, the FTC found that oxidate customers benefited from the competition between Lubrizol and Lockhart (in terms of pricing, innovations and customer service), which was eliminated as a result of the transaction.

In addition, the asset purchase agreement included a non-competition provision prohibiting Lockhart from engaging in any business that would compete with the assets it sold to Lubrizol for five years. The FTC alleged that this provision prevented new entry into the market since, without access to an existing plant such as Lockhart’s Flint, Mich., facility, it is unlikely that a new entrant would be able to generate sales sufficient to justify the cost of investment necessary to enter the market.

The proposed consent agreement requires Lubrizol to sell certain assets to Additives International LLC (“AI”), including a non-exclusive license to AI to manufacture rust-preventive formulas acquired from Lockhart, the right to use Lockhart trademarks for two years, technical information relating to the manufacture of the Lockhart oxidate products, and copies of Lubrizol’s and Lockhart’s approvals and certifications relating to the Lockhart oxidate products. Lockhart is also required to lease a portion of its Flint plant to AI and Lubrizol is required to rescind the aforementioned non-compete provision. AI also acquired a right of first refusal to purchase the Flint plant from Lockhart. The proposed consent agreement will be open to public commentary through March 27, 2009, after which the FTC will decide whether to make it final.

Other recent challenges by the antitrust agencies include the FTC’s December 2008 challenge to Ovation Pharmaceuticals’ 2006 acquisition of the drug NeoProfen from Abbott Laboratories, alleging that Ovation unlawfully maintained a monopoly by acquiring NeoProfen, and unlawfully profited from its ability to set monopoly pricing. That same month, the DOJ challenged Microsemi Corporation’s acquisition of certain assets of Semicoa Inc. relating to the manufacture of semiconductor devices for military and aerospace applications.

These recent cases serve as a reminder that the FTC or DOJ may challenge a transaction at any time prior to or after closing. Furthermore, the fact that the U.S. antitrust authorities continue to challenge transactions that were not required to be reported under the HSR Act emphasizes that even transactions valued below the current $65.2 million HSR Act threshold are still subject to substantive antitrust scrutiny. The Lubrizol case also shows that non-competition agreements, while lawful if reasonably limited in scope to protecting the covenantee’s legitimate interests and ancillary to the significant lawful business purpose of the contract, may not be accepted by the antitrust agencies if there are no other significant current or potential competitors in the affected market.

Parties should be aware that the U.S. antitrust authorities may take a closer look at transactions between competitors in concentrated markets (for example, those involving chemicals, healthcare or national security). Accordingly, the advice of counsel should be sought in connection with any transaction between direct or potential competitors, regardless of the purchase price or relative size of the affected market.


Laos in Brief

With a total area of 236,800 square kilometers, around 70% of Laos' terrain is mountainous, reaching a maximum elevation of 2,820 meters in Xieng Khouang Province. The landscapes of northern Laos and the regions adjacent to Vietnam, in particular, are dominated by rough mountains.

Location and Terrain

The Lao P.D.R. is located in the heart of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It lies between latitude 14 to 23 degrees North and longitude 100 to 108 degrees East. It is the only Southeast Asian country without direct access to the sea, stretching North to South 1,700 kilometers.

Laos encompasses a total of 236,800 square kilometers with the terrain characterized by three distinct regions - mountains, plateaus, and plains. The mountains and plateaus make up three-quarters of the total area.

High mountains rising to an average height of 1,500 meters dominate the Northern region. The three highest mountains in the country are all located in the Phou Ane Plateau in Xieng Khouang Province. They are Phou Bia at 2,820 meters, Phou Xao at 2,690 meters and Phou Xamxum at 2,620 meters. The Phou Luang (Annamite Range) stretches from Southeast on the Phouane Plateau down to the Cambodian border; the others are the Nakai Plateau in Khammouane Province and the Bolaven Plateau in Southern Laos, which is over 1,000 meters above sea level.

The plain region consists of large and small plain areas distributed along the Mekong River. The Vientiane Plain, the largest, is situated on the lower reaches of the Nam Ngum River. The Savannakhet Plain is situated on the lower reaches of the Sebangfai River and Sebanghieng River, while the Champasack Plain on the Mekong River stretches out to the Thai and Cambodian borders. Blessed with rich and fertile soil, these plains represent one quarter of the total area known as the granaries of the country.

The Lao PDR is criss-crossed with a myriad of rivers and streams. The largest is the Mekong River, flowing for 1,898 kilometers from the North to the South, with 919 kilometers of the river forming the major portion of the border with Thailand. It is estimated that some 60% of all the water entering the Mekong River system originates in Laos. These rivers and streams provide great potential for hydropower development with 51% of the power potential in the lower Mekong basin contained within Laos.

In Vientiane a minimum temperature of 19 degrees Celsius is to be expected during January. In mountainous areas, however, temperature drops to as low as 14-15 degrees Celsius during the winter months, and during cold nights, can easily reach the freezing point. The average precipitation is highest in Southern Laos, where the Annamite Mountains receive over 3,000 mm. annually. In Vientiane rainfall is about 1,500-2,000 mm., and in the Northern provinces only 1,000-1,500 mm.

Flora and Fauna

In Southern Laos, near Khong Island, Irrawaddy dolphins inhabit the Mekong River. While many species of wildlife are shy and can rarely be seen, spectators will generally be able to spot the dolphins in Springtime when the water level of the Mekong is lowest. Laos is also rich in resident and migrating birds. One of the more notable ones is the rare Green Peafowl. Lao religious images and art is also distinctive and sets Laos apart from its neighbors. The gCalling for Rainh posture of Buddha images in Laos, for example, which depicts the Buddha standing with his hands held rigidly at his side, fingers pointing to the ground, can not be found in other Southeast Asian Buddhist art traditions. Religious influences are also pervasive in classical Lao literature, especially in the Pha Lak, Pha Lam, the Lao version of India's epic Ramayana.

The Kingdom was further expanded by King Fa Ngum's successors, one of the most notable being King Setthathirath who ruled from 1548-1571. He moved the capital to Vientiane and built the That Luang Stupa, a venerated religious shrine, and a temple to house the Pra Keo, the Emerald Buddha.

In the 17th Century, under the reign of King Souliyavongsa, the Lane Xang Kingdom entered it's most illustrious era. The country established first contacts with Europeans. In 1641, a Dutch merchant of the East India company, Geritt Van Wuysthoff, and later, the Italian missionary Leria de Marini, visited the Kingdom of Lane Xang and described Vientiane as the "most magnificent city of Southeast Asia".

In 1975, under the leadership of the Lao Peoples Revolutionary Party, victory was achieved. After the Lao people gained power in a bloodless take-over, establishing the People's Democratic Republic on December 2nd. It was the culmination of a successful struggle for national liberation and a reinstatement of independence.

People and Population

  • Population: 6.2 million.
  • Density: 23 people/square kilometer.
  • The population consists of 49 ethnic groups, in 4 main linguistic.

The official language is Lao. Other languages used are French, English. Chinese, Thai and Vietnamese.

Buddhism first appeared in Laos during the eighth century A.D., as shown by both the Buddha image and the stone inscription found at Ban Talat near Vientiane, now exhibited at Hor Pra keo Museum. After the foundation of the unified Kingdom of Lane Xang, King Fa Ngum (14th Century) declared Buddhism as the state religion and urged the people to abandon Animism or other beliefs such as the Cult of Spirits. His policy meant to develop the Lao culture based on a common faith: Theravada Buddhism.

Today, Theravada Buddhism is the professed religion of about 90% of Lao people. Buddhism is an inherent feature of daily life and casts a strong influence on Lao society. Lao woman can be seen each morning giving alms to monks, earning merit to lessen the number of their rebirths. It is expected that every Lao man will become a monk for at least a short time in his life.

Traditionally, men spent three months during the rainy season in a Wat (Buddhist temple). Today, however; most men curtail their stay to one or two weeks.

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Next to rehearse on stage is Malta . Christabelle, is this year’s Eurovision representative with her song Taboo . The song delivers a message of the need to surpass taboos and come out for the darkness, loneliness and depression that are always  existing threats. The song is composed by Thomas G:Son, the composer of the ESC winning song of Euphoria (Sweden 2012).

 Cristabelle is wearing black clothes and sings through a lavalier microphone . On stage there are LED screens that form a big box and a female dancer is dancing in it, while on the LED screens different images of people are displayed and the messages the song aims to pass.

In addition, laser lights shine towards the audience’s area and fires pop up on the perimeter of the two circle parts of the stage.

The backing vocalists are off stage while the Maltese artist is vocally steady , receiving eventually a warm applause in the press center. Watch below Christabelle’s first rehearsal:


Signature-Free Broadcast-Based Intrusion Tolerance: Never Decide a Byzantine ValueReportar como inadecuado

Signature-Free Broadcast-Based Intrusion Tolerance: Never Decide a Byzantine Value - Descarga este documento en PDF. Documentación en PDF para descargar gratis. Disponible también para leer online.

1 ASAP - As Scalable As Possible: foundations of large scale dynamic distributed systems Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique , IRISA-D1 - SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE

Abstract : Provide application processes with strong agreement guarantees despite failures is a fundamental problem of fault-tolerant distributed computing. Correct processes have not to be -polluted- by the erroneous behavior of faulty processes. This paper considers the consensus agreement problem in a setting where some processes can behave arbitrarily Byzantine behavior. In such a context it is possible that Byzantine processes collude to direct the correct processes to decide on a -bad- value a value proposed only by faulty processes. The paper has several contributions. It presents a family of consensus algorithms in which no bad value is ever decided by correct processes. These processes always decide a value they have proposed and this is always the case when they all propose the same value or a default value ?. These algorithms are called intrusion-free consensus algorithms. To that end, each consensus algorithm is based on an appropriate underlying broadcast algorithm. One of these abstractions, called validated broadcast is new and allows the design of a resilience-optimal consensus algorithm i.e., it copes with up to t < n-3 faulty processes where n is the total number of processes. All proposed consensus algorithms assume the underlying system is enriched with additional computational power provided by a binary Byzantine consensus algorithm. The paper presents also a resilience-optimal randomized binary consensus algorithm based on the validated broadcast abstraction. An important feature of all these algorithms lies in the fact that they are signature-free and hence particularly efficient.

Résumé : Ce rapport propose une famille de protocoles de décision qui assurent que la valeur de décision n-est jamais une valeur proposée par des processus malicieux. Ces protocoles sont fondés sur différentes opérations de diffusion mais sans utiliser la cryptographie.

Keywords : Time-free algorithm Asynchronous message-passing system Broadcast abstraction Byzantine process Consensus problem Fault-tolerance Intrusion-tolerance Reliable broadcast Resilience Signature-free algorithm Time-free algorithm.

Autor: Achour Mostefaoui - Michel Raynal -

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Small proline\rich repeat protein 3 (SPRR3) has been linked with the altered chemoradiosensitivity, however the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. as a radiation\sensitive predictor of ESCC. (Zhang et?al., 2008). Luthra et?al. showed that decreased expression of EDC genes and at chromosome 1q21 defines molecular subgroups of chemoradiotherapy response in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Patients with SPRR3 expression had a higher survival rate than those lacking SPRR3 expression (Luthra et?al., 2006; Luthra et?al., 2007), but the mechanism remains elusive. These findings suggest that SPRR3 may be involved in cellular apoptosis and chemoradiosensitivity of esophageal cancer. A variety of extracellular stimuli and intracellular stresses promote cell death by triggering the intrinsic or mitochondrial death pathway (Hill et?al., 2003). Apoptosis is a cellular process regulated by the balance of pro\ and anti\apoptotic proteins of the Bcl\2 family. Resistance to apoptosis is an essential physiologic hallmark of cancer cells (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). In this study, we found ectopic expression of SPRR3 sensitized cells to DNA damage\induced apoptosis via mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in EC9706 cells. Notably, we found, for the first time, that SPRR3 was localized in mitochondria, interacted with Bcl\2 cDNA was inserted into the mammalian expression vectors pcDNA3.0 and pCDEF\HA. pEGFP\C1\plasmid was provided by Dr. Quan Chen (Nankai University, China). 2.4. radiation\survival colony assay Cells were seeded in triplicate in six\well plates. After 24?h, cells were exposed to different doses of X\IR, followed by incubation at 37?C for 9C12 days until the development of visible colonies. Cells were fixed and then stained with crystal violet, and colonies with >50 cells were counted. The surviving fraction (SF) was calculated as the ratio of the number of colonies formed/the number of cells plated??the plating efficiency (Sheridan et?al., 2010). 2.5. Determination of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential Apoptosis were assessed quantitatively using Annexin V\FITC (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, EX 527 Germany) as previously described (Sheridan et?al., 2010). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by flow cytometry with Rhodamine 123 at a final concentration of 10?nM. 2.6. Assessment of caspase 3 activity Caspase 3 activity was measured by luminescent assay according to the manufacture’s instruction. Briefly, add 100?l of Caspase\Glo?3/7 Reagent to each well of a white\walled 96\well plate containing 100?l of blank, negative control cells or treated cells in culture medium. Gently mix contents of wells using a plate shaker at 500?rpm for 30?s. Incubate at room temperature for 30?min to 3?h. The?luminescence of each sample was measured. Caspase 3 activity in each experiment was normalized to untreated cells. 2.7. Subcellular fractionation Cytosolic and nuclear extracts were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). Cells were fractionated with digitonin lysis buffer (80?mM KCl, 250?mM sucrose, 0.02% digitonin, and 1?g/ml of each of the protease inhibitors) for 5?min. Mitochondrial (pellet) and cytosolic (supernatant) fractions were obtained after centrifugation at 10,000?g for 5?min. 2.8. Immunofluorescence staining assay Cells were grown on coverslips at medium density and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15?min, and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X\100 for 10?min at room TNK2 temperature. Cells were then stained with rabbit anti\SPRR3 antibody. After extensive washing, cells were counterstained with secondary FITC\conjugated mouse anti\rabbit IgG. Mitochondrial localization was assessed by the fluorescence dye MitoTracker Red CMXRos (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Fluorescence images were obtained using Leica TCS SP2 confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). 2.9. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot Immunoprecipitation and Western blot were performed as described previously (Leung and Ngan, 2010). Antibodies were used as follows: caspase 3, PARP, Bax, Bcl\2, cytochrome tests. Survival curves are calculated by the KaplanCMeier method and compared using the log\rank EX 527 test. All tests of significance were set at synthesis and the ubiquitin\proteasome degradation. As shown in Supplementary Figure?S2, we found that treatment of cells with cycloheximide and (or) proteosome inhibitor MG132 did not alter the stability of SPRR3. SPRR3 was induced in cells treated with cisplatin and cycloheximide in KYSE180 cells. These data indicate that the overexpression of EX 527 SPRR3 was not due to the protein stability in response to DNA damage, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and need further investigation. 3.2. Overexpression of SPRR3 moderately sensitizes cells in response to X\irradiation To evaluate the possible role of EX 527 SPRR3 in DNA damage response, we first examined the expression of SPRR3 in esophageal cancer cell lines. The expression level of SPRR3 was low in KYSE150, KYSE410, KYSE510, EC9706 and Colo\680N cells, but high in KYSE30, KYSE70, KYSE140, KYSE180 and KYSE450 cells (Figure?1A, left panel). Next, we determined the clonogenic survival of these cells after exposure to 2, 4 and 8?Gy of X\IR. KYSE150 and KYSE510 cells were the most radioresistant since these cells were derived from patients who had received prior irradiation (Shimada et?al., 1992). KYSE140 and.

Lung adenocarcinoma accounts for 40% of lung cancers, the leading cause

Lung adenocarcinoma accounts for 40% of lung cancers, the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and current therapies provide only limited survival benefit. data show that the potential of p53 targeted therapies is similar across all g53-lacking genotypes and may clarify the high occurrence of g53 reduction of heterozygosity in mutant tumors. In comparison, mutant g53 gain of function and their connected vulnerabilities can vary relating to mutation type. Remarkably, we determined a mutant and and g53 inactivation (Knutson et al. 2005; The Tumor Genome RCBTB1 Atlas Study Network 2014). To define the results of l53 mutants in lung adenocarcinoma, we allele generated; i.elizabeth., g53?) or carry a get in touch with (knock-in allele (allele changed by had been also created and are described particularly where relevant. Shape 1. Transcriptome analysis of the results of wild-type p53 about mutant and p53-null lung tumor cells. (= 4 per genotype) had been treated with control automobile or 4OHT, and their transcriptional users had been examined. Both instant (2 l after 4OHT treatment) and suffered (8 l after 4OHT) g53-mediated transcriptional reactions had been evaluated. Repair of g53 features significantly altered gene expression in all cell lines. Two hours after p53 restoration, a small number of genes was up-regulated/down-regulated within each genotype (26 genes) (Fig. 1C). Eleven known p53 targets ([[and were efficiently and promptly induced by p53 restoration in the presence of endogenously expressed mutant p53, our data argue against a DN effect of the mutants regarding these canonical p53 targets. Eight hours after treatment, the number of p53-regulated genes was significantly increased (p53null: 417 genes; p53R172H: 179 genes; p53R270H: 453 genes) (Fig. 1C). Strikingly, 87 genes (including the common 2-h subset) were similarly regulated by p53 across all genotypes (Fig. 1D [right], E). Pathway analysis identified p53 signaling as the top canonical pathway similarly regulated across genotypes (data not shown). Accordingly, most similarly regulated genes are well-established p53 targets (i.e., canonical targets) (Fig. 1E, blue; Supplemental Table S1, S2). As seen for the 2-h cohort, the majority of genes similarly regulated in all genotypes 8 h after treatment (64%) is directly bound by p53 in other contexts, suggesting that these genes are direct p53 targets even if they are not immediate ones. Among these were genes involved in different p53-mediated responses, such as VTP-27999 HCl manufacture cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, autophagy, and senescence (Supplemental Fig. S1D). Hence, wild-type g53 can be capable to retain a significant component VTP-27999 HCl manufacture of its transcriptional activity in mutant g53 lung growth cells, including the induction of some of its crucial focuses on, offering a potential description for the high rate of recurrence of g53 LOH in mutant tumors (Baker et al. 1990; Mitsudomi et al. 2000; Zienolddiny et al. 2001; Liu et al. 2016). g53 mutants exert DN and wild-type-like transcriptional results in lung growth cells While g53 repair got identical results on the phrase of essential g53 focus on genetics across all genotypes, genotype-specific transcriptional signatures had been noticed however, especially at the 8-l period stage (Fig. 1D). Appropriately, 213 out of the 417 genetics caused by wild-type g53 in null cells had been not really considerably modified in mutant lines, offering proof of mutant DN activity. Nevertheless, the degree of these DN results was adjustable, VTP-27999 HCl manufacture comprising from full failing (L172H: 72 genetics, L270H: 27 genetics) to decreased capability of wild-type g53 to induce/repress its focuses on in mutant cells (1.2 < fold modification < 1.4; L172H = 143 genetics; L270H = 155 genetics). Strangely enough, a subset of genetics (Ur172H: 87 genetics; Ur270H: 43 genetics) demonstrated amounts of phrase in mutant cells (g53 off) equivalent to those noticed in null upon g53 recovery, recommending that mutant meats retain wild-type g53 transcriptional activity (Fig. 1F; data not really proven). Evaluation of ChIP-seq data pieces suggests that the bulk of genetics included in these wild-type-like signatures can end up being straight guaranteed by g53 (70%), while genetics included in DN signatures are much less most likely to end up being immediate g53 goals (41%C55%) (Supplemental Desk S i90002). Jointly, our microarray evaluation uncovered that endogenous phrase of wild-type g53 in g53 mutant Ur172H and Ur270H lung growth cells sparks a complicated transcriptional response regarding both wild-type tumor-suppressive activity and DN signatures. Strangely enough, the bulk of the DN phenotypes noticed shows up to end up being incomplete, as the matching g53 focus on genetics are governed by the outrageous type in mutant cells still, albeit to a.

The Piezo2 route is definitely a newly recognized mammalian mechanical transducer

The Piezo2 route is definitely a newly recognized mammalian mechanical transducer that confers rapidly changing mechanically triggered (RA-MA) currents in main afferent neurons. an boost by osmotic swelling. Osmotic swelling significantly raises DRG neuron mechano-excitability such that a subthreshold mechanical stimulation can result in action potential firing. Behaviorally, the mechanical hind paw drawback threshold in rodents is definitely reduced following the injection of a hypotonic remedy, but this osmotic effect is definitely abolished when cytochalasin M or Gd3+ is definitely co-administered with the hypo-osmotic remedy. Taken collectively, our findings suggest that Piezo2-mediated mechanotransduction is definitely controlled by SPMT in main afferent neurons. Because SPMT can become changed by multiple biological factors, our findings may have broad ramifications in mechanical level of sensitivity under physiological and pathological conditions. (1) 1st showed that mechanical stimuli elicit depolarizing currents flowing through main afferent neurons in the dorsal main ganglia (DRG),4 suggesting the presence of mechanically triggered ion channels that may transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical signals in main afferents. Mechanically triggered currents in DRG neurons are consequently characterized in more fine detail (2,C5), and the most commonly observed whole-cell mechanically activated currents in DRG neurons are rapidly adapting mechanically activated (RA-MA) currents that usually have decay time constants of less than 10 ms (2, 3, 6). RA-MA currents are found to be DAMPA mediated by nonselective cation channels (7), and they can be blocked by Gd3+ and ruthenium red (1, 2). RA-MA currents have been recorded from different DRG neurons, some of which feature non-nociceptive characteristics, whereas others show nociceptive properties (2), suggesting that they may be involved in both non-nociceptive and nociceptive mechanical transduction. The molecular identity conferring RA-MA currents in primary afferent neurons has recently been elucidated to be Piezo2, a large transmembrane protein that forms mechanically sensitive ion channels in mammalian primary afferents (6). Piezo2 channels are also expressed on Merkel cells of hair follicles and touch domes of the skin, where they are key molecules for the transduction of gentle touch (8,C10). The role of Piezo2 channels in animal behavioral responses to mechanical stimuli DAMPA has recently been demonstrated using Piezo2 knock-out mice (11). In primary afferent neurons, studies have shown that RA-MA currents are up-regulated by a transcriptional mechanism by the proinflammatory neurotrophin nerve growth factor (12). Activators of PKC, given and bacterial MscL) to impacting on voltage-gating (some voltage-gated E+ stations) and ligand-gating (NMDA receptors) (16,C18). It can be most likely not really unpredicted that Piezo2 features can become controlled by SPMT totally, but therefore significantly it offers been unfamiliar to what degree this biophysical element may modification the level of sensitivity of Piezo2 mechanotranduction in physical neurons. In this scholarly study, we make use of osmotic bloating as a means to boost SPMT (19, 20), and we display that SPMT offers a outstanding effect on Piezo2-mediated currents. Fresh Methods Sprague-Dawley rodents (250C350 g, both genders) had been utilized. Pet care and use conformed to Country wide Institutes of Wellness guidelines for the use and care of fresh pets. Fresh protocols had been approved by the Institutional Animal DAMPA Care and Use Committee at the University of Cincinnati. DRG neuron cultures were prepared as described previously (21). In brief, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and sacrificed by decapitation. DRGs were NEU rapidly dissected out bilaterally and incubated with 0.2% collagenase and 0.5% dispase for 1 h at 37 C in minimum essential medium for suspension culture (Invitrogen). After trituration to dissociate neurons, DRG neurons were plated on glass coverslips pre-coated with poly-d-lysine (12.5 g/ml in distilled H2O) and laminin (20 g/ml in Hanks’ buffered salt solution, BD Biosciences). The cells were cultured in minimum essential medium (Invitrogen) that also contained nerve growth factor (2.5S NGF; 10 ng/ml; Roche Applied Science), 5% heat-inactivated horse serum (JRH Biosciences, Lenexa, KS), uridine/5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (10 m), 8 mg/ml blood sugar, and 1% supplement remedy (Invitrogen). The ethnicities had been taken care of in an incubator at 37 C with a humidified atmosphere of 95% atmosphere and 5% CO2. Cells were used for patch clamp recordings after culturing for 3C7 days. To perform patch clamp recordings, coverslips with cultured neurons were placed in a 0.5-ml microchamber, mounted on a stage of an Olympus IX70 inverted microscope (Olympus), and continuously perfused at 2 ml/min with a normal bath solution at a room temperature of 23 C. The normal bath was an isotonic solution that contained (in mm) 145 NaCl, 5 KCl,.

Tendons injuries are common and present a scientific challenge to orthopedic

Tendons injuries are common and present a scientific challenge to orthopedic surgery mainly because these injuries often respond poorly to treatment and require extended therapy. molecular and mobile equipment could offer Nebivolol HCl supplier the lengthy anticipated exposure in creating effective tendon-specific therapeutics and general improvement of tendon disease administration. Keywords: Tendons, Tendons fix, Development Elements, Cell-based therapy, Mesenchymal control cells, Embryonic control cells, Tendon-derived cells, Organic biomaterials, Gene therapy 1. Launch Tendons are exclusive forms of connective tissues that transmit and connect forces from muscles to bone fragments [1]. They are capable to shop flexible energy and withstand the high tensile energies upon which locomotion is normally completely reliant [2]. This review content is normally designed: (1) to offer history details on the scientific relevance of muscles and to remind the reader of the lengthy and imperfect nature of the native tendon restoration process. This motivates the urgent need for improving the end result of tendon restoration; biologics present attractive options in this regard; (2) to expose the fundamental cells and cellular business of tendon and its major tendon-specific substances (Sections 1.1C1.3); (3) to summarize the results of studies centered on the four main methods – growth factors (Section 2.1), come cells Nebivolol HCl supplier (2.2), organic biomaterials (2.3) and gene therapy (2.4); (4) to discuss vitally conflicting issues. We have focused on in vivo studies of the restoration of tendon injury, and only in some instances included in vitro good examples to improve particular points. 1.1. Tendon medical relevance Main disorders of tendons (tendinopathies), due to overuse or age-related degeneration, are widely distributed medical problems in society, producing in extreme or chronic tendon accidental injuries possibly. Medical center proof and record data recommend that specific muscles are even more vulnerable to pathology than others; these are the rotator cuff, Achilles, tibialis posterior and patellar muscles, whose pathologies are based on a degenerative process often. In addition, the extensor and flexor tendons of the tactile hands and fingers are frequently subjected to direct lacerations at all ages. Although there are no accurate statistics relating to tendons disorders particularly, research from principal treatment Nebivolol HCl supplier present that 16% of the general people suffer from rotator cuff-related make discomfort [3] and this goes up to 21% when the figures change to aging adults medical center and community populations [3,4]. These true numbers further increase in the sports community; for example, Kannus reported that 30 to 50% of all flashing accidents involve muscles [5]. Although there are a amount of research talking about this concern, there is definitely still a need to clarify the classification and terms of the different tendon pathologies. This scenario is definitely Nebivolol HCl supplier primarily due to the medical problem that tendon biopsies are generally hard to obtain and that this material is definitely usually collected at the end-stage of the condition or after tendon break. In general, Rabbit polyclonal to IL25 the major conditions influencing tendons are tendinitis and tendinosis; the first presumed to become accompanied by swelling and pain, whereas the second can become caused by tendinous degeneration [6]. It is definitely believed that these conditions are hardly ever spontaneous [7] and are not caused by solitary factors. Rather, they are the end result of Nebivolol HCl supplier a variety of pathological processes [8,9] which can eventually business lead to the primary scientific issue: reduction of tissues reliability with complete or incomplete split of the tendon. Many factors are most likely to be included in the progression and onset of tendinopathies. Inbuilt elements consist of age group, gender, physiological options, body fat, and systemic disease. Extrinsic elements consist of flashing actions, physical launching, job, and environmental circumstances such as strolling shoes or areas [8,9]. In addition, it provides been reported that hereditary polymorphisms impacting collagen fibers development [10] or also bloodstream group [11] are linked with tendon accidents and tendinopathy. Therefore, tendinopathies represent major medical problems connected with physical activity and age-related degeneration. Regrettably, due to hypocellularity and.

Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone tumor of uncertain cellular

Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone tumor of uncertain cellular origin. and suggest that blockade of CD99 or its downstream molecular pathway may be a new therapeutic approach for EWS. Introduction Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common bone tumor of children and young adults (1). These tumors are very aggressive and require either surgery and/or radiation therapy for control of the primary tumor site, along with intensive chemotherapy to treat micrometastatic deposits. These treatments are associated with significant short- and long-term side effects. New therapeutic approaches are likely to come from an improved understanding of the molecular basis of this tumor. EWSs have a small round blue cell tumor histologic phenotype that is characterized by predominantly undifferentiated sheets of cells with relatively little stroma (1). This lack of MK-0752 differentiation has led to difficulty in understanding the tumor cell of origin. In some cases, however, EWSs have evidence of limited neural differentiation, including Homer-Wright rosettes, neural processes, neurosecretory granules, and neural immunohistochemical markers (2C6). This phenotype has suggested that EWSs may arise from the neural crest. Recently, a number of investigators have suggested that the tumor has a mesenchymal stem cell origin (7C11). EWS is characterized by the presence of recurrent chromosomal translocations that fuse the gene (encoding the EWS protein) on chromosome 22 with various genes (12). The most common fusion, EWS/FLI, is present in 85% of cases, with other fusions accounting for the remaining cases (13). In each case, the DNA-binding domain of the ETS factor and a transcriptional activation domain contributed by EWS are retained, supporting experimental data suggesting that EWS/FLI functions as an aberrant transcription factor (14, 15). The effects of EWS/FLI expression are strongly dependent on cellular background (reviewed in ref. 16). For example, EWS/FLI transforms immortalized murine NIH3T3 fibroblasts and is required for the oncogenic phenotype of patient-derived EWS cells (14, 17). Conversely, introduction of EWS/FLI into primary human or murine fibroblasts leads to growth arrest or cell death, respectively (18, 19). In other contexts, EWS/FLI expression induces transdifferentiation and thus induces cells to exhibit a neural phenotype (20C22). These data suggest that oncogenic transformation by EWS/FLI requires a permissive cellular background. MK-0752 The critical factors in the permissive background are largely unknown but may include disruption of the p53 and RB pathways and the presence of an intact IGF pathway (18, 19, 23). Furthermore, these studies suggest that EWS/FLI itself may induce the neural phenotype of EWS, rather than the phenotype resulting from the cell of origin of the tumor. While assays for EWS/FLI expression are becoming widely used as a molecular diagnostic approach for EWS, the most commonly used diagnostic marker is CD99 (1). CD99 (also known as MIC2, and recognized by antibodies 12E7, HBA71, and O13) is a 32-kDa integral membrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in most cases of EWS (24). CD99 has a key role in several biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and apoptosis; differentiation of T cells and thymocytes; diapedesis of lymphocytes to inflamed vascular endothelium; maintenance of cellular morphology; and regulation of intracellular membrane MK-0752 protein trafficking (25C30). While the expression of CD99 is high in EWS, and in some cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and T-lineage leukemias and lymphomas, in MK-0752 other Rabbit Polyclonal to TISB (phospho-Ser92) tumors, such as osteosarcoma and Hodgkin lymphoma, CD99 is expressed at low levels and may function as a tumor suppressor (24, 31C38). In EWS, engagement of CD99 with antibodies results in apoptosis and enhances sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents (39, 40). However, the normal function of CD99 in EWS is unknown. In this study, we found that CD99 is required for EWS MK-0752 transformation. Reduction of CD99 expression in patient-derived EWS.

Lately, many types of 3\D lifestyle systems possess been created to

Lately, many types of 3\D lifestyle systems possess been created to recapitulate the development circumstances of tumor. of growth biology. One of the typical 3\N lifestyle strategies for tumor cells is certainly the growth\extracted spheroid lifestyle. In this lifestyle, major cancers cells with control cell\like features are extended as flying spheres. Right here we offer a short overview of multiple 3\Deb culture systems of cancer cells and describe the major discoveries from studies using tumor\derived spheroids. Classification of 3\Deb Culture Models of Cancer Cells Three\dimensional culture systems of cancer cells have been developed for distinct and overlapping purposes. These methods differ in terms of cancer cell sources, protocols for cell handling, and the time intervals required for establishing 3\Deb cultures. Detailed overviews of these 3\Deb methods were previously published.1, 2, 3, 4 Here we describe four representative methods for the 3\Deb culture of cancer cells (Table?1). Table 1 Representative methods for 53209-27-1 supplier 3\Deb cultures of cancer cells Organotypic multicellular spheroids and organotypic explant cultures are intended to faithfully reproduce the tumor microenvironment. In many cases, these cultures are established after gentle mechanical dissociation of cancer tissues. Cancer cells cultivated by this method are surrounded by non\tumor cells and stromal components that normally exist in the tumor microenvironment. As a result, cancer cells cultivated 53209-27-1 supplier with these methods generally retain many histological features and the cellular heterogeneity of the primary cancer. Several variations of these methods, such as cancer tissue\originated spheroids, involve the moderate dissociation of cancer tissues with moderate enzymatic treatments to isolate heterologous cancer spheroids.5 Notably, cancer tissue\originated spheroids largely maintain the histological features of first cancers in the absence of non\tumour cells and are capable of distribution after mechanical dissociation. Multicellular growth spheroids are typically set up from tumor cell lines in regular mass media supplemented with FBS, equivalent to regular 2\N civilizations. Therefore, MCTS may end up being methodologically deemed as an expansion of the regular 2\N lifestyle of tumor cell lines. A main difference from 2\N civilizations is certainly that cells for MCTS are expanded as spheres in a suspension system lifestyle or various other circumstances that promote cellCcell adhesion. In comparison to OMS or related strategies designed to protect the natural features of malignancies, MCTS present small histological similarity to the major cancers. Despite limited histological similarity to the major cancers, cells in MCTS mirror the proliferative and metabolic gradients of tumors and present clinically relevant multicellular chemoresistance.6 The advantages of MCTS over other 3\D systems, that is, clonality of cells, ease of maintenance, and simplicity of hereditary manipulation (Desk?1), make this method an appropriate tool for high\throughput drug testing.7 Tumor\derived organoids were recently developed by Sato model of organogenesis.9, 10 Under specific growth conditions, including basement membrane matrix (Matrigel), Wnt agonists, tyrosine kinase receptor agonists, and bone morphogenetic protein/transforming growth factor\ inhibitors, a GSK3B variety of tissues were reconstituted in the absence of non\tumor cells.9 In addition, a multistep carcinogenesis model was developed by introducing sequential oncogene/tumor suppressor 53209-27-1 supplier gene mutations in non\tumor organoids as an alternative approach to investigate cancer development.11 Tumor\derived spheroids, also known as tumorospheres,2 are the main focus of this review. Tumor\produced spheroids are floating spheres that serve as surrogate systems to evaluate CSC\related characteristics tumor\formation assays after transplantation into immunocompromised mice and lineage\tracing assays of tumors generated in genetically designed mice (Table?2). Table 2 Common experimental methods used to evaluate the major criteria for malignancy stem cells (CSCs) In the 1990s, Dick and his colleagues12discovered CSCs in hematopoietic cancers. Subsequent studies reported that cells with CSC\like properties were present in solid tumors, including glioma, colon malignancy, and breast malignancy.13 These findings prompted experts to establish methods to propagate CSCs in sound tumors is considered as a convenient surrogate to evaluate the functionality of CSCs because of the propensity of stem cells to propagate as spheroid bodies.16 Thus, tumor\derived spheroid cultures have been closely tied to studies of cancer stemness and considered as one of criteria for CSCs.17 Eradication of CSCs is likely to be of clinical importance due to their association with the malignant nature of malignancy cells. It was hypothesized that CSCs are related to the chemoresistance and metastasis of malignancy, and some reports show that CSCs show higher resistance to chemotherapeutic brokers than most tumor cells.18, 19 Hence, a great deal of research on tumor\derived spheroids has been directed toward investigating the chemoresistance of CSCs with the hopes of elucidating the refractory nature of sound cancers. Spheroid.


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Aesthetics and Art
Traditional and Contemporary China in a Comparative Perspective
Gao, Jianping
2018, 232 S, Gb, (Springer)
Bestell-Nr. 382672

96,29 EUR

This book introduces traditional and modern aesthetics and arts, comparing the similarities and differences between traditional and modern Chinese aesthetics. It also explores the aesthetic implications of traditional Chinese paintings, and discusses the development of aesthetics throughout history, as well as the changes and improvements in Chinese aesthetics in the context of globalization.

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Foxconn Quarterly Income Report Disappointing

Based on the latest three-month earnings report before the launch of Apple iPhone 8, Foxconn disappointed investors and professionals, with earnings lower than the profit forecast for the second quarter of this year.

Foxconn is a trusted manufacture to assemble a variety of devices, although the Phone Arena assessed, no one has matched the popularity of the Apple iPhone. Speculation is growing that the iPhone marking its tenth anniversary is a premium model, and has undergone mass production process at Foxconn factory.

For the quarter ending in June, Foxconn reported net income of US $ 589 million. The revenue is 25 percent lower, compared with analyst expectations of $ 781.5 million.

This is also part of the reason for the decline that occurs due to the dynamics in the smartphone market.

Meanwhile, the number of smartphones distributed in the same quarter increased by three percent, most of which came from Chinese manufacturers such as Huawei and Oppo, which are assembled in their own factory.

Foxconn is currently reportedly trying to make savings by utilizing the help of robots on assembly lines. Foxconn also began expanding its product assembly line to PCs to video games, while Apple dominates revenue from half of Foxconn's main assembly line.

A number of information circulating calling the process of assembling the iPhone 8 is more complicated when compared with previous models, will negatively impact on the next quarterly report Foxconn. Through its social media, one of Foxconn's executives said the OLED panel of supplier suppliers sent 60 percent of the panels, rated enough to meet Apple's desired standards.

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References in classic literature ?
Never was our expedition in more imminent danger of complete annihilation.
1898 - Australia complete a 4-1 series annihilation of England
In confronting an extraterrestrial presence through the gaze of a human female, emphasising her intelligence and composure while sneakily teasing out her emotional history, Annihilation at times suggests a more ferocious companion piece to Denis Villeneuve's 2016 thriller, Arrival.
dosimeter reader, the annihilation system, the necessary software for reading and annihilation, ~ 8000 dosimeters, the equipment needed for packaging (machines / tools), the label printing system, the physical system allowing the association of a person / id to a box when sticking a label and consumables (packaging for dosimeters, labels to be affixed to dosimeters, housings, fasteners .


Finding The Path to Inner Peace-

If you’re here, whether intentional or synchronistic, you’re most likely seeking peace in some way. Physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual, it all works together. That’s why I provide services to assist many aspects of healing, mindfulness, and self discovery. The journey to inner peace is beautiful, and just like nature itself, always changing. In my own journey I strive for the beauty of transformation everyday, to better fulfill my service, and pass that betterment on to those I feel so blessed to work with. I would be honored to assist you along your journey. If you have any questions or just want to chat, please reach out, the connection is gratefully welcomed.

Hope to see you soon,

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We believe that World Peace is much more than conflict resolution. Peace is a state of consciousness that humanity as a whole has to enter in order to create a better world. This would be our next evolutionary leap. Without a peaceful consciousness, every form of advancement would eventually lead us to greater separation, division and conflict. A peaceful human being is a gift to his/her family, a powerful force for good in the world.

To become an Ekam Peace Keeper, and accelerate your path to inner peace, please visit

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Meet the expert: What should I know about labelling food products with allergen information?

7 months ago

Julian Edwards has been a foodservice consultant for the last 21 years and has always added allergen protocols into catering tenders and operating specifications. In 2013, with the new Allergen Law on loose food looming, it was a natural step for him to help the hospitality industry with the development of a best practice standard for foodservice operators.

Why has the subject of allergens had a much higher profile over recent years?

Did you know that 2% of the UK population have a registered allergy? Some 20 million people in the UK have some degree of intolerance to a multitude of ingredients and materials.

There appears to be a growing number of people developing allergies to food and drinks. This isn’t confined to young people, as those in later life can develop allergies and become allergic to some ingredients, but the exact reasonings are not known. However, this is on the rise. There is no known cure for allergies, the only remedy is to avoid allergens, therefore it is essential that food suppliers correctly label and offer advice on products.

What does the Allergen Law actually mean for food retailers?

It is a legal requirement for retailers and those selling any food and beverages to be able to offer concise and easy to follow information on what allergens are contained within their products.

What allergen information do food retailers have to include?

Food retailers must provide information on all the top 14 EU allergens. Two of the allergens also have sub-categories which means retailers must declare the name of the cereals that contain gluten and the actual tree nuts that are in the ingredients.

What allergen information should food retailers also consider including?

For retailers to be extremely customer focused, any precautionary allergen labels that are used or ‘may contain’ statements should be backed up with one standard statement that every food retailer would abide by. It is a big debate at the moment. Allergen Accredited foodservice businesses are covered as they can only state ‘contains’ or not following a risk assessment. There is a frustration from the allergen community in that some manufacturers are over cautious with ‘may contain’ labelling. This can cause additional frustration for customers as they may love the product but are scared to try it because precautionary information isn’t conclusive enough.

What would be the impact of not including allergen information on labels?

As well as the legal implications, you could lose out on a significantly large customer base who wouldn’t even look at your products. Also, any consumers who are food safety savvy wouldn’t purchase the products either, as the lack of allergen information would cause concern.

Where else should we include allergen information?

The more a retailer or manufacturer demonstrates their allergen awareness the better. You should definitely include information on your website, making it as easy to find as possible. In foodservice premises, there should be a sign on display telling customers to ask a member of staff about the allergens. You could do this in manufacturing and retailing too so customers always know where to turn to for advice and clarification. To support the promotion of a product or range of products, allergen information should be part of the sales and marketing push. When you have the correct message and allergen data you should produce this as part of your organisations training, communications and PR messaging.

When should you use a ‘may contain’ warning?

This isn’t something I would recommend as you should have full allergen disclosure. Allergen Accredited businesses would never use them as it goes against their code of practice. However, ‘may contain’ is used widely by food manufacturers and food operators where they suspect there may have been an unintentional contact with an allergen.

If WePrint customers are still unsure and would like more guidance where should they turn to?

The Food Standards Agency and British Retail Consortium are good places for more information. If you want to appeal to more customers, you may want us to come and allergen accredit your site. You can find out more about what this involves and contact us at

Click here to browse our range of labels and get started.


Apartament 06 'Delfino'

Spacious apartment sleeps 4 with a bright veranda overlooking the inner courtyard where you can eat in tranquility and shelter from the sun. The apartment consists of a double bedroom and a living room with a sofa bed, a small kitchen with freezer, electric oven and a bathroom.


Testimony | Overtime

Testimony to the Maryland Senate Committee on Finance in support of SB 607

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EPI’s Ross Eisenbrey delivered the following testimony before the Maryland Senate Committee on Finance on Thursday, March 2, 2017 at 1:00 p.m.

My name is Ross Eisenbrey. I am the Vice President of the Economic Policy Institute, a think tank that studies the economy and how government policies affect the lives and well-being of America’s working families. I am here to support the enactment of SB 607, which would close a loophole in Maryland’s wage and hour laws and limit the statutory exemption from overtime pay for professional, administrative, or professional employees to individuals paid at least $913 per week. This threshold salary level will be adjusted every three years, based on regional salary growth, to correspond to the 40th percentile salary for full-time employees in the Census Bureau’s South region. SB 607 will discourage excessive hours of work and ensure that low- or modestly paid salaried employees who do work long hours are fairly compensated for their time

Let me begin my testimony with a little history. The 40-hour work week is not God-given; it’s the result of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA), which requires employers to pay a penalty (time-and-a-half overtime pay) when they make their employees work more than 40 hours in a week. Before the FLSA became law in 1938, factory workers and office clerks often worked 60 or more hours a week, sometimes at miserably low pay. Today, the 40-hour work week is the norm, and most of us expect to have our weekends free and to be able to spend time with our families or friends even during the week.

The idea that there is a “white collar” exemption from the law is misleading. Right from the beginning, the FLSA’s overtime protections covered white collar workers, from shipping clerks and typists to bookkeepers and accountants. Congress recognized that white collar workers need time away from work just as much as blue collar workers do.

But the federal law (and the Maryland statute, too) does have an exception for higher-paid, higher-status, higher-responsibility positions that Congress and the Department of Labor thought did not need the law’s protection. Bona fide executives, administrative employees, and professionals were made exempt from both the overtime rules and the minimum wage. The salary test for exemption was originally set at about 3 times the minimum wage. Annualized today, 3 times Maryland’s $8.75 minimum wage is $54,600. When Maryland’s minimum wage rises to $9.25 an hour in July, 3 times the minimum wage will yield a threshold salary of $57,720 for exemption from overtime.

SB 607 sets the threshold lower, in line with the Obama Labor Department’s regulations. The U.S. Department of Labor finished a rulemaking last year to raise the salary threshold for exemption to $913 per week or $47,476 on an annualized basis, a level calculated to be the 40th percentile salary for full-time employees in the nation’s poorest Census region, the South, which includes Maryland. A higher figure would be warranted for Maryland alone, since the 40th percentile salary in Maryland is $1,154 per week or $60,000 on an annualized basis. But the level chosen in SB 607 is a huge improvement over current law.

For 79 years, a salary threshold has been part of the definition of bona fide exempt executive, administrative, and professional employees. But from 1975 until last year, the U.S. DOL let the value of the exemption threshold fall to a ridiculously low level, $23,660, less than the poverty level for a family of four and in no way reflective of executive or professional compensation. Maryland law has tracked federal law and is just as obsolete. Unfortunately, after DOL finalized its rule last year to raise the exemption threshold to $913 per week, a court in Texas blocked DOL from implementing it. No one knows whether DOL’s rule will survive on appeal or whether the Trump administration will attempt to repeal it administratively.

That leaves millions of employees, including 80,000 salaried employees in Maryland who are paid more than the current exemption threshold but less than the $47,476 set by DOL’s rule, without the overtime protection they deserve. Without a clear and appropriate threshold, many low level employees such as assistant managers in retail stores, can legally be denied overtime pay by their employers. The DOL rulemaking record is full of stories of employees working 60 or 70 hours a week without any extra compensation for their long hours. The Department of Labor’s rule says, in essence, that no one paid less than $47,476 a year should work more than 40 hours a week without getting paid time-and-a-half for each extra hour.

Setting an appropriate threshold also makes the rights of employees who are already covered and the duties of their employers clearer. Many salaried employees paid above the current threshold are nevertheless entitled to overtime pay because their primary duty is not executive, administrative, or professional. They include scores of occupations, from paralegals and postdoctoral researchers to dental assistants and copy editors. Most bookkeepers are entitled to overtime pay, for example, but many do not know it, and neither do their bosses. The editors of Bloomberg News made clear in an editorial that they had no idea they had to pay their bookkeepers overtime. The National Retail Federation published a report that indicated the industry denies overtime pay to more than a million clerks, secretaries, bookkeepers, and other white collar employees who are absolutely entitled to overtime pay. With a $47,000 salary threshold, at least the employees paid less could be sure of their rights. Altogether, there are about 220,000 salaried employees in Maryland who would have their right to overtime established or clarified by a higher threshold.

Employers will have several ways to adjust to the new overtime pay requirements:

  1. They can raise employee salaries above the threshold if they want to continue working employees more than 40 hours a week without paying for or keeping track of overtime.
  2. They can reduce the hours of overworked employees and share their workload with other employees. For example, an assistant manager who now helps stock shelves and clean floors, adding 20 extra hours to her work week without any extra compensation, can assign that work to part-time employees, who will benefit from the extra pay.
  3. If the employee’s salary is too low to raise above the threshold, the employer can pay overtime for the extra hours.
  4. They can manage time more efficiently, avoiding late-in-the-day meetings, for example, and demand that employees complete their weekly tasks within 40 hours.

If Maryland enacts SB 607, it will not be alone in addressing this issue. Other states have for many years set their own salary thresholds, rather than rely on USDOL. California sets its threshold at twice the state minimum wage, which is set to go to $15 an hour in 2022. The threshold is currently $43,680, and will rise in steps to $62,400 by 2022 (by 2023 for small employers). New York sets different thresholds for different parts of the state. The threshold is currently $42,900 in New York City, $37,830 upstate, and $39,000 in the suburbs. The thresholds will rise in annual steps to $58,500 in NYC by December 31, 2018 and in the suburbs by the end of 2020. The regulations raise the threshold upstate in annual steps to $48,750 at the end of 2020.

The federal rule was opposed by certain non-profits and by a number of universities and colleges. They didn’t argue that their employees didn’t need or deserve protection against excessive work hours. They argued that they couldn’t afford it. None of them offered to open their books, but it’s clear that universities and colleges that pay their presidents and top administrators huge salaries – and their football coaches even more – can afford to treat their low-paid white collar employees fairly and don’t need to work them long hours without any additional compensation. In my view, a non-profit that can only survive by denying overtime pay to its employees probably should give way to a better-managed competitor. If the legislature thinks a non-profit’s mission is really valuable, it should provide more support for that mission rather than relying on its employees to subsidize it. Disability services providers, for example, struggle because the state refuses to properly fund adequate reimbursement for the services provided.

SB 607 is a good bill that will go part of the way to restoring the core labor standards we had in the years before the United States began experiencing the wage stagnation and growing inequality that plague our economy today. You can help make Maryland great again for working families by enacting SB 607.

See related work on Overtime

See more work by Ross Eisenbrey


Bahamian Oral Tradition Essay

Words: 959
Pages: 4

Bahamian oral tradition through folk music and storytelling

What determines a true Bahamian? Our oral tradition by way of folk music and storytelling helps us to find our identity; it helps us create a link with the next generation in an attempt to keep our native culture alive. Moreover, oral tradition is more than history, because it creates bonds with the past. Oral tradition is simple, but, it is very rich because of the information it contains. Its roots lie in the oral traditions of the Bahamian people which bear not only their histories but their ways of understanding the world and their place in it. What is shocking to me is when I hear that the “Bahamian people don’t know where they come from’. Young people are occasionally
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Therefore, for one to have a true appreciation for Bahamian folk music one must value their roots and their cultural heritage in which our ancestors fought and in some cases lost their lives for. However, the effects of storytelling and folk music on social development is that there is a good bit of literature that supports the notion that storytelling and folk music can strongly contribute to both young and older children social and psychosocial development. For example, research has shown that stories inform children about their lives, their dreams, their hopes, their problems, their tensions, and their conflicts of diverse social and ethnic groups. In this way, storytelling helps familiarize children with how groups of people, may be different from the group of children that they were raised with, and the way they perceive life and its events. It also helps them to understand where they came from and how they arrived where they are today. This was all made possible by the determined, talented, and aggressive people whom we know as our ancestors. Therefore, storytelling and folk music serves the function of maintaining a sense of the human community, by telling the story or song using universal themes common to all. In other words storytelling and folk music operates to broaden children and adults views of the world and their society while emphasizing the social ties that bind communities and groups of people together.


The power of friendship

—Bill Watterson

Real friendship is something magic. As children, I think we intuitively understand this. Most of us can remember the joy of play and getting lost in the moment with our friends. There is a sense of intimacy and togetherness there that makes life come alive.

But what about as we grow older? For me and many of my patients, it can be harder to give our friendships the attention they deserve. We’re so busy, right? Plus, well, we’re awfully grown up. Maybe a little too grown up.

Real friendship is a chance to let go and just be open and honest with someone.

So much of the time, we’re performing roles. It’s how we’ve learned to live as adults. I go to work every day as a doctor. I adjust my patients and counsel them on nutrition. I love my job. But being a doctor is something I do. It’s not who I am.

With a close friend, we can relax out of the roles we usually play. We don’t have to be a professional, or a parent, or a partner, or anything really. It’s liberating. All we need to bring to the table is compassion and openness towards our friend. We can trust that they are doing the same for us. There don’t have to be any expectations beyond that.

That sort of environment is a wonderful place to explore and to be at ease. It takes us back to the fearless way we once played as children, and unlocks that same fearlessness in our present self. We might not go back to swinging from the monkey bars, but we can relax our grip on ourselves.

Strong friendships also have tangible benefits on our physical health.

You probably know how much eating healthy food impacts your wellness (if not, schedule an appointment :). But strong friendships are every bit as important! People who really make an effort to connect with their friends live longer, are healthier, and generally happier.

Part of what makes friendships so valuable to our physical health is the effect they have on stress. You know how talking to a friend when you’re having a bad day usually makes you feel better? That human connection helps not just your emotional state, but also the physical stress response in your body. It signals your central nervous system that you can calm down and that everything is going to be okay.

You don’t have to have a lot of friends for this to work. Really, all you need is someone you feel like you can be yourself around. If you know someone like that, it’s a wonderful thing. If you don’t, that’s okay! Just be open to it. You won’t even have to try much. Someone always comes along.


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HOME »» Upcoming Movie Release Dates »» Abhimanyudu

CAST: Arjun Sarja, Vishal Krishna, Samantha Akkineni, Delhi Ganesh, Robo Shankar, Vincent Asokan

DIRECTOR: P. S. Mithran

RUN TIME: 160 min

Kathiravan, a major in the Indian army with anger management issues, is compelled by circumstances to borrow a loan from a bank with false documents. When the entire money in the account vanishes, Kathiravan tries to track down the scamsters, and it leads him to White Devil, a master hacker.