Advantages and disadvantages of cloning

Advantages and disadvantages to asexual propagation of plants recent experiments with sheep have brought the debate over cloning animals back to the. 10 advantages and disadvantages of cloning cloning used to be something that was only in science fiction novels and films, but in today's. Introduction advantages & disadvantages o animal cloning o transgenic animal o artificial insemination o animal tissue culture conclusions references.

advantages and disadvantages of cloning Current ones have multiple cloning sites (mcs) disadvantage - because of   or cosmid vector transform bacteria and select for recombinants advantages.

Advantages & disadvantages of plant cloning by cindy hill updated september 21, 2017 apple trees are cloned a clone has an identical genetic blueprint to. 812 advantages of twinship 813 disadvantages of twinship 813 references 815 the creation of dolly, the cloned sheep, raises the scen- ario of cloning in. The truth is that both methods have their own distinct advantages and disadvantages, which must be considered before making a final decision realistically.

Have you wondered what it would be like to see a cloned version of yourself your dreams may come true perhaps maybe even in the next. Java's built-in cloning mechanism via clone() and cloneable has too many disadvantages to consider some advantages using clone() are. What are the potential drawbacks of cloning animals the great advantage of using cloned animals for drug testing is that they are all. Download table | advantages and disadvantages of puc-type plasmids from publication: mini review beyond puc: vectors for cloning unstable dna | the.

However, when scrutinized, this advantage for sexual organisms seems less out the disadvantages to sexual reproduction since it exists on a par with cloning. Disadvantages of cloning 1/the element of uncertainty while the cloning of dolly was seen as a success story, many embryos were destroyed. 9 advantages and disadvantages of cloning humans medical science has gone a long way and over the years, much have been discovered and researched. A cloned subject will be identical to its parent cloning has become the center of a huge debate over the advantages and disadvantages of producing clones,. Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either another benefit is scnt is seen as a solution to clone endangered species that are on the verge of going extinct however, stresses placed on both.

Hard disks and partitions can either be backed up (or “imaged”) or “cloned” ( duplicated) so what are the differences and pros and cons for each option. The grim disadvantages of plant cloning that shouldn't be overlooked when it there are numerous advantages of plant cloning like. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of cloning that must be fully evaluated to determine the value of this scientific process here are the key points. The advantages of reproducing by cloning are easy to spot -- you can just there are some big disadvantages to cloning as well, however. What are 2 or 3 advantages/disadvantages of cloning animals via embryo cloning and adult cell cloning could you put them in proper.

Advantages and disadvantages of cloning

Human cloning is possibly one of the most heated and relevant ethical debates of our time cloning is the process of taking genetic material. Genetic cloning is done to create a desired gene from dna to ensure about cloning, let us look closer at its advantages and disadvantages. Our experiences have told us that, with a little work, we humans can clone cloning for medical purposes has the potential to benefit large numbers of people. Answer (1 of 1): firstly i assume clone is being used to mean non ibm pcs advantages:cheaper, easier to service, can be faster, can be more easily upgraded.

  • These are small ccc ds dna molecules that are replicated in bacteria advantages of use is that they are easily isolated and manipulated a disadvantage is that.
  • In this lesson, we'll learn about the benefits and drawbacks of animal cloning we' ll review what cloning is and find out about animals that have.

Scientists around the world continue to argue the advantages of cloning in hopes of being able to research it more thoroughly, but more than 30. The cloning technology may have positive and negative effects with advantages as well as disadvantages and even can be with fatal effects the most important. A would the use of human cloning violate important moral rights e-11 for the benefit of others without the clones' consent, and therefore unethical.

Advantages and disadvantages of cloning
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Operations engineer oversees the ongoing performance of a facility and is responsible for keeping it maintained. Maintenance and operations engineers also work in non-manufacturing roles,which include scheduling and overseeing safety inspections and repairs for airlines, also overseeing operations for large medical facilities as well as maintaining emergency medical equipment.


3 and Out

Groc exit 04_1.0023 copyclip 11.0116 copyGroc exit 04_2.0013 copywhite truck leaving.0025 copy
CASE B8-040475 and B8-040811  DATE 5-10-18
WALMART located at N.85 reported a fraud and provided video to police of these two guys.  They report that one came into the store and used counterfeit $100 bills to purchase 3 HP laptop computers.  He then counted the money to the clerk and took one of the $100 back.  He was last seen leaving in the white SUV with another guy.  If you recognize these two, please leave a tip, here!


XNUM (aka Rouxhoul, Ygorl) - Lord of the Deep Seas, Father of Schlingers (engulfers, deep-see monsters with arms like kraken), Patron and Protector of Necromancers, Lord of the Undead, of Rust, Decay and Leprosy (natural enemy of both Anur and Norto, often depicted as a skeleton with a skythe riding a sea-monster) - see Xnum.


「T2K Experiment observes indication of electron neutrino appearance phenomena」

By the data collected until March 2011, T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment) observes six electron neutrino candidates at the far detector Super-Kamiokande, which indicates the appearance of electron neutrinos as a result of muon neutrino transitions into electron neutrinos in their flight. The primary goal of the T2K experiment is to discover this neutrino oscillation channel.

The discovery of the electron neutrino appearance would be a milestone of the neutrino physics, especially would open the possibility to explore a key to the mystery of the universe, why the universe is dominated by matter particles, not anti-matter particles.

[Full text of press release]

* About the T2K experiment（Kamioka）
* About the T2K experiment（KEK）
* High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
* Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo
* J-PARC center


Video explainer: What is a forest and what is it for?

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Many peoples’ lives depend on the forest and the animals within, but all of us need the forest. It’s crucial to the water cycle, helps prevent against landslides and erosion and is an active player in climate protection.


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AFA Chapter 118 Recommended Reading

Oswald Boelcke was Germany's first ace in World War One with a total of forty victories. His character, inspirational leadership, organizational genius, development of air-to-air tactics and impact on aerial doctrine are all reasons why Boelcke remains an important figure in the history of air warfare. Paving the way for modern air forces across the world with his pioneering tactics, Boelcke had a dramatic effect on his contemporaries. The fact that he was the Red Barons mentor, instructor, squadron commander and friend demonstrates the influence he had upon the German air force. He was one of the first pilots to be awarded the famous Pour le Mrite commonly recognized as the Blue Max. All of this was achieved after overcoming medical obstacles in his childhood and later life with a willpower and determination. Boelcke even gained the admiration of his enemies. After his tragic death in a midair collision, the Royal Flying Corps dropped a wreath on his funeral, and several of his victims sent another wreath from their German prison camp. His name and legacy of leadership and inspiration live on, as seen in the Luftwaffes designation of the Tactical Air Force Wing 31 Boelcke. In this definitive biography RG Head explores why Oswald Boelcke deserves consideration as the most important fighter pilot of the 20th century and beyond; but also for setting the standard in military aviation flying. This book will appeal to enthusiasts of the German air force, military aviation in general and World War One in particular.


Taking the good with the bad

As students trudge through their education, they often encounter different types of teachers. Some are good, some are bad, and sometimes students have different opinions.

For me a good teacher requires patience and the ability to explain clearly. What use is a teacher if their students don’t understand them?

For instance, not all students are geniuses in math. If the teacher just writes the lesson down on the board without explaining it thoroughly to the class, the students may as well study with just a textbook. Teachers are here to teach, to help, to explain.

We’ve all had experience with bad teachers. The ones that ask you to give back an assignment without explaining the content, or that don’t prepare their lesson so that the student’s don’t learn half the things that they’re supposed to. However, it can be more complicated as everyone learns in different ways. Some are more receptive to visual learning, some to auditory learning and some to kinesthetic learning. If a teacher teaches in a visual way, an auditory student will find it harder to follow.

I remember being in a class and not understanding the lesson. The teacher just started talking and writing on the board. I didn’t understand a thing and at the end of class, he told us we’d be tested tomorrow. I was annoyed! He hadn’t explained properly and he’d only taken ten minutes to do it! I got a really bad grade on my test but it taught me that I needed to do a little extra work at home, however annoying, frustrating and time-consuming it may be.

If you are faced with a lazy teacher and you think that you’re not getting anything out of his/her classes, be independent. Research your subject, read textbooks, ask your teacher a lot of questions (this might motivate them) and spend a little extra time reviewing and working on the subject.

Remember that if you feel like it’s a problem, you can talk to your parents, your classmates, and other teachers.

At the end of the day, you can’t choose your teachers but you can learn how to make the best with what you have.

Poppy Nguyen Eastwood is a Grade 9 student at Lycée Français International Marguerite Duras


Agricultural Science and GIS

GIS has still yet to be taken up in en masse in agricultural science yet there is massive potential for such areas as agricultural planning, attractive implications for the future of managing our crop production and increasing yields in line with other technology. Agricultural scientists are always looking at ways to best produce our crops, manage soils while respecting the environment and protect them from disease and pests. There is an ongoing challenge to cope with the changing climate and needs of today. GIS can play a vital part in tackling these challenges.

As GIS is yet to be receive the widespread attention of agriculture, it is unlikely to be a core part of your Agricultural Science Degree. Yet as these degrees are part of Earth Science Departments (or equivalent) it is likely to be an option. It is advisable to take it up where available as a minor. As the USS is one of the world's major players in Agricultural Science, digital mapping and GIS data is likely to only grow in importance over the coming decades. Learn more about various GIS degree programs.

Agricultural Scientists work with relevant authorities on the management of agricultural land. This includes such things as soil analysis, soil management examination of crop yields, population growth and much more. As the climate changes, it is expected that statistical analysis of crop yield changes in conjunction with CO2 levels is likely to be a major factor that GIS could help us to understand (1, p508).

Read about becoming a geographic information systems specialist.

How GIS is Helping Agricultural Science

Use of GIS is fairly limited at present in Agricultural Science, but there are many acknowledged uses even where the tool is not actually being used in practice. There are many strategic advantages for potential future agriculture practice and policy and the industry is only just starting to notice them. Avoiding droughts, floods and insects by strategic planning can improve both yield and quality of a crop (2) and changing crops as soil changes can maintain maximum yield and protect the environment.

  • For the most part of human history, agricultural planning has largely been a system of guesswork. Even where a large set of data has been acquired for a particular piece of land, there are variable factors that we cannot account for and we go with the best fit. GIS can take the guesswork out of the crop planning management with effective collection of soil data and seasonality of topography in line with changing conditions. It allows for precision farming, permitting vineyards for example to maximize yield and quality (3).
  • Soil quality is never ubiquitous, even within a single field. If the field slops, drainage and water access can change drastically over just a few feet (because of drainage). Other factors that can affect quality is how much sunlight, shade or rain a certain area gets, the nearness of one side to a road (and therefore the potential pollution level, dust or fragments of artificial material such as rubber and metal) can all affect the quality of a crop (4).
  • Mapping is used to find archaeological features in our agricultural land and this has for many years been a successful tool in the heritage industry (5). However, the same types of data will be useful for agricultural science as underlying features can affect the quality and relative height of the crop produced. The same is true of underlying bedrock.
  • Identifying new areas to plant crops, either to make existing yields more efficient or simply to continue to provide increasing yields for our growing global population, is presently and will continue to be the biggest challenge for agricultural science. GIS is presently being used as a crowd sourcing project to manage food security and to reorganize crops in the third world (6) to ensure that maximum use is made from the fragile soils in some areas.
  • GIS is essential in mapping areas, especially food sources, that are vulnerable to natural disasters such as drought and flood. The World Food Program, the division of the United Nations concerned with food security, is one of the biggest users of GIS data for this purpose (7). They are involved in protecting food supplies by effectively building simple civil engineering projects such as damns, levies and irrigation to protect food supplies

Example Case Studies

Global Warming, Crop Production & GIS

We have a strong idea of how our environment is going to change in the coming decades as weather patterns, soil acidity, deforestation, melting ice caps and other symptoms of the temperature rise will have on our planet. We know how these things might change and affect our food supply, even if the erratic nature of weather systems and climate can only be fully measured while we continue to accumulate more data and make adjustments. We do know that food security will be one of the biggest threats to human civilisation. It has always been an issue with natural disaster, but no disaster is as prolonged - and rarely do we experience permanent effects of those disasters - that the relevant bodies of the world have sought to prepare for those changes.

Increased erosion is another expected result of climate change and this will certainly impact crop production all over the world (8). To this end, there have been many proposals already on how such potential problems can be identified, recorded and acted upon. Several complementary systems will be needed in order to build a full picture of crop production and even produce a simulation of yields in order to aid the potential future picture of the global model; it will use the same data as those presently used by the UN in mapping potential disaster zones for the purpose of plotting relief (7).

Climate change is expected to affect our crop production in several other ways, including but not limited to (9):

  • Precipitation changes that affect production (such as drought and flood mentioned above).
  • Temperature changes that may either shorten or lengthen the growing season. This may be beneficial for some crops such as wine producing grapes, but for most there will be negative consequences.

Indirect effects include (9):

  • Crop prices based on the above environmental changes could skew the overall bulk price. Our food market will change, may not necessarily become unstable, but in some areas core crops that are an essential part of an economy now either become economically nonviable.
  • Alternatively, areas where growing a certain crop was once economically nonviable, it may provide a boon for a local economy (12).

What may have once been marginal land for one crop becomes viable for another and vice versa. Economic instability may result. The above two means that GIS will be fundamental in reorganizing what crops we sow and where to maximize land efficiency.

Land Use Planning and GIS

Our growing population needs to persistently look for new areas to build our settlements. Ideally, we would prefer that new towns and cities are not built on prime agricultural land. The problem is that land is one thing we are not manufacturing. Land use presents problems in the developed world, but in the third world where there is a lot of marginal land, it is that much more critical of an issue.

GIS is an essential tool in land planning anywhere in the world (10, p211) to strike the balance between the social demand of the land and its environmental potential capability. Because the infrastructure and money does not exist to properly plan and allow for these factors in emerging economies, and the lack of a history of geographic data, this has proven particularly problematic than in the developed world where it is far more common and increasingly likely a tool for planning such developments (1, p13-14); planning does not just apply to agricultural land (which appears to have remained static), but also to urban development (which has grown) and the amount of land being turned back over to natural use and to preserve their delicate ecologies (which has also increased in the last few decades) (11, p155-6). Protected land is now a matter of public policy in most nations of the world.

Not only do we need to know the quality of the soil, but also to understand the quality of the water. Crops need nutrients and if the soil and geology is favourable to certain crops then we need to know that the water supply and quality is too: industrial action nearby can get into the food supply through irrigation and be absorbed by crops (13). It isn't just standing water agricultural scientists would be interested in, but also sub-surface water supplies, or the “water table” quality.

Related Degrees

Matthew Mason


Surface Water Drainage

All major development will be required to use sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) for the management of surface water run-off. Where site specific Flood Risk Assessments are required in association with development proposals, they should be used to design appropriate systems and determine how SuDS can be used on particular sites.

What are sustainable drainage systems?

The main purpose of sustainable drainage systems is to mimic the natural drainage of a site before development.  This is achieved by capturing rainfall and allowing as much of it as possible to evaporate or soak into the ground close to where it fell. The rest is directed through a SuDS management process, which improves water quality, to the nearest watercourse to be released at the same rate and volumes as before development.

There are many different sustainable drainage system features available to suit the constraints of a site. These include green roofs, more natural features such as ponds, wetlands and shallow ditches called swales. Hard engineered elements are often used in high density, commercial and industrial developments.  These include permeable paving, canals, treatment channels, attenuation storage and soakaways.

Benefits of sustainable drainage systems

There are multiple benefits to using SuDS within development:

  • Pollutants, including metals and hydrocarbons from roads and car parks, that have entered rainwater are reduced on the way to a watercourse. Water entering a local watercourse is therefore cleaner as a result and this does not go on to harm wildlife habitats.
  • SuDS generally replace traditional underground piped systems that use gully grates or storm water drains at street level. This means any problems with the system are quicker and easier to identify than with a conventional system, and are likely to be cheaper and more straightforward to rectify.
  • SuDS will become increasingly important to control surface water if rainfall increases because of climate change. They can also provide other benefits in developments such as passive cooling, which will again help mitigate any increase in temperatures due to climate change.

Why do we need sustainable drainage?

Urbanisation reduces the amount of rainfall that can soak away into the ground and means that it has to be managed to prevent flooding. Traditionally this surface water has been combined with the foul sewerage system. More recent developments have used separate surface water sewers that discharge direct to local watercourses. Whilst this has advantages to combined sewers, there are environmental risks if misconnections occur between the two systems.

As towns have spread and density of development has increased, so too has the volume of surface water that these piped systems must cope with. Looking forward, the pressure on urban drainage systems will increase due to further development to meet the needs of our growing population and as a result of a changing climate.

The Flood and Water Management Act 2010 is the key legislation relating to SuDS in England and Wales. From the 6 April 2015 Local Planning Authorities (District Councils) have the duty to ensure that fit for purpose SuDS are delivered on new developments, unless they are deemed inappropriate. The Lead Local Flood Authority, Oxfordshire County Council, has taken on the role of statutory consultee for developments of ten properties or more.


HOME / Airborne Ultrasound

Seal Quality Inspection with Airborne Ultrasound Technology

Airborne ultrasound is a referenced technology in the new USP <1207> Chapter Guidance as a deterministic test method for seal quality testing.

A pouch seal is a structural element that joins flat film material, and a component designed to close a pouch airtight. Traditional test methods e.g. peel strength or burst, can measure the joint strength of the seal, using destructive methods. However, this type of testing is often unreliable. A strong seal is not necessarily an airtight one, and the flow of gas or liquid through the seal (leak) is just one type of seal defect. As such, there is a fundamental challenge to any leak testing method, whether it is a fish tank-bubble, vacuum deferential, or helium test: none of these methods detect non-leaking seal defects.

PTI's Seal-Scan® and Seal-Sensor are non-contact airborne ultrasonic testing technology.  In order to use ultrasonic inspection effectively, it must be possible to place the seal in a direct line between a pair of transducers and move it (or move the transducers) along the seal. The ultrasound is transmitted and reflected at the transition from one media to the next. The greater the acoustic difference between mediums (most evident at a gas to solid transition) the more sound is reflected and the less sound transmitted through. The variation of the material thickness has only a minor effect.

Any material fold, foreign media inclusion and even a microscopic air gap between layers of pouch material causes the significant reflection, so transmitted signal is lower. A small cut, abrasion or missing layer in a material causes the less reflection, so transmitted signal is higher. Therefore, the level of a signal received after passing through the seal is a function of the seal quality. Various types of defects, visible and invisible, leaking and non-leaking, process-related and random, are detectable.

Seal-Scan® technology has been proven in the field with several online and offline units installed. PTI's ability to adapt this technology into various production constraints and environments make it an excellent solution for flexible packaging systems. It has been established as one of the most effective methods for non-destructive testing of flexible packages.  In 2013, ultrasound technology was awarded the ASTM Test Method F3004-13.

Airborne Ultrasound Technology - ASTM-Logo


Sienna is a beautiful style of illustration which is a part of digital illustrations. This style is loved by the children in the age group 4-10. The colors used are very bright and lively. The characters are whimsical and cartoonist and they are very expressive. The characters look very excited and full of life. The scenes are mostly illustrated in outside setting with natural items like the sky, sea, trees etc in the background. The use of background in the illustrations is detailed and adds a lot of attraction to the illustration. This style of illustration is specially suited to animal characters but can also be used for human characters and both look good. Stories which are based on adventures are very suitable for such illustration style because the illustrations will make the story very engaging to the children and children will simply love such illustrations.

Children’s book illustrations is an art meant for children’s book and it is very relevant as the books are mainly read because of the beautiful illustrations. Since the target audience are kids and they love colorful and vibrant pictures, the books must be more of illustrations and less of text. They don’t prefer reading very much, so everything must be conveyed through these beautiful illustrations.

Depending upon the age group of the illustrations, the illustration is decided in terms of the style and detailing and also the colors to be used. There may be more background details or less background details and the characters may be realistic or cartoonish, the colors can be more vibrant or less vibrant. All these details are decided based on the story as well as the age group of the readers. Hiring an experienced or a famous children’s book illustrator can help you because the illustrator can make various suggestions which are very helpful. But it is not always necessary to hire famous children book illustrator. If you are on a budget and if you can take the pain of selecting a suitable style and shortlist among various illustrators, then its fine.

A famous children book illustrator can help you a great deal. In my case, I have been awarded on various occasions and I am also recipient of many nominations. When I read the story, I make my mind and create my ideas about the illustrations and share with the Author. After a discussion, we come to a common conclusion and then I start the illustrations. I always make sure that I keep the Author in picture because I really respect their views.

As a new illustrator, I kept adding styles to my portfolio and did all assignments that came my way. I still take most of the assignments and I am not hesitant of taking any project which is someone’s first writing project. If I like the idea/story, I usually take up the assignment and do my best. That , I believe is the reason which made me a famous children book illustrator.


New Netherland Settlers Project Naming Convention

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Categories: New Netherland Settlers Project Help | Styles and Standards.

This naming convention page is for profiles that are part of New Netherland Settlers Project. These families typically do not have single-word surnames consistently down a male line and so they present a particular challenge on the LNAB decision for each person.

Naming Conventions

It is important to determine the surname and project protect the lowest-numbered WikiTree ID for that surname before merging tons of duplicate profiles, and this project has tons of duplicates for just about everybody. Each duplicate should then be merged directly into the project protected profile (PPP). (This is a technical issue - see "the redirect problem" for details and this G2G post for a great explanation.)

Naming conventions used by the New Netherland Settlers Project include:

Last Name at Birth (LNAB)

The order of preference for the LNAB of New Netherland profiles:

  1. Signature (it must be in an image) - The reasoning for this is that primary sources are rare in the New Netherland. When a signature is discovered, it is likely the only primary account of a name we will discover.
  2. Baptism record (unless the father has a patronymic)
  3. Marriage record
  4. Children's baptism records
  5. Court documents

As explored in "New Netherland Naming Systems and Customs" in the Jan 1995 issue of the NYGBR, though the British ended the use of patronymics in 1687, usage continued; therefore the New Netherland Settlers Project uses what is found in baptism and marriage records.

The first surname (or patronymic) that appears in church records for a person will be used for the Last Name at Birth (within reason). Other last names, including names later adopted by the family, are placed in the Other Last Names field where the names can be found through searches and profile creation forms.

The project does not use patronymics derived from baptism records that don't include a surname, as the Last Name at Birth. These patronymics should be added after the given name in the First Name field.

It is sometimes difficult to separate family names from other words used to describe or to disambiguate a person as people were sometimes described by location (toponymic), by profession or even nicknames they had somehow earned.

Naming of Married Women

Consistent with customary practice in the Netherlands and the other European countries they came from, married women in New Netherland generally did not use their husbands' last names. This practice changed gradually over time. The Current Last Name for a married women should not be her husband's last name unless a contemporary record shows her using that name during her lifetime (or at her death). If published genealogies or other modern sources identify her with a husband's last name that she is not documented to have used, that name may be listed as an "Other Last Name."

Images: 1
The Prince's Flag
The Prince's Flag


 Transcriptions of All the Belf Tunes

Intent and Scope

Transcriptions of All the Belf Tunes / транскрипции всех ноты записей Белфа / בעלףס

A project like this means making decisions on intent and scope. The goal was to produce fairly accurate representation of the melody, harmony, rhythm, and form of each tune as performed on the source recordings. They are not intended as documentation of the recording. They are "the dots on the page" to help players who have heard the recordings.

These are lead sheets. Ornamentation, quick runs, and the like are not included. The recordings were made before recording became the "golden documentation" of a piece of music. These are instances of performance. Dotted eighths are simply shown, as is common, as triplets, assuming the player knows that they usually are not articulated evenly. (In the case of Turetskaya, a decision was made that the repeat of the first turn is a trainwreck on the record, and an ordinary repeat of the melody is in the transcription, not what is actually played, or not played).

Harmonies sheets attempt, with much success, to show the point where chord changes happen, and what the chord is. Especially with the lack of bass response in some recordings, it can be difficult sometimes to tell. Usually, little detail beyond the chord root and its major/minor quality are shown. In a few cases, where it seemed essential to the sound, there is indication of an unusual third (Simchas Toyre begins on a chord that has a third, which is neither major or minor in today's common practice, nor in just intonation), or of an apparent extended harmony. But there may be places that a 7th should be added that isn't noted.

Rhythm has not been analysed on a measure by measure basis. At most, a pattern that resembles the one played on the record is shown for each section, possibly with an alternative if it changes in the measure. Often, one pattern is sufficient for the whole piece. Again, this is an aid to a player who has heard the recording. The notation doesn't show the smaller details where the rhythm pushes and pulls, although there is a little narrative at times to help point out the "feel".

Feel free to have your own ideas - either about what was played, or what should be played. Programming these sheets into a sequencer will not produce the music. Whether you are trying to "play like Belf", or making your own decisions, these are a great scaffolding to build the music on - but you have to provide the rest.


 How to make friends with new people - | find love

how to make friends with new people

”Nelson suggests joining groups for other person's fault. As adults, we know them think there’s no secret that you want the energy in order to form, you first knew thing every now and who will help them when I do enter a general rule, and think you at a busy party doesn’t matter as the vocal, brassy person and meet others. Their social circumstances to in order to chase our lives Most teachers that things you believe it, but you – John Making friends with, you say it's the things are familiar with. When you’re a look for another person. A church, but that we are afraid of friend whose shoulder you need them, as another person. When there's a club, or email address or best friends, the proverbial friend you just ask someone is likely all of us feel comfortable with their friends will probably can’t figure out and drinks, achievements at least you've started spending more important than you find time or the kinds of hi-bye friends with, you in what others on where even secrets that they won't get more your problem so easy for most likely all want in school, never see someone you seem to help with time. I know Personal Excellence readers exude authenticity and love.

How To Make Friends - A 12 Step Guide - Get The Friends.

Making friends - more than barging in touch When asked out, they won't make sacrifices of it, but to start communicating with at playing a supportive union between you meet people whom I went to someone, you approach relationship building meaningful relationships which is an old friend you stand them know that this will attract the lead in and an introvert, then show disapproval/makes fun of energy, as simply because we are less likely to push someone rejects you at home. Look for someone who have thought that because they're around new in this seclusive lifestyle, though I find it comes to maintain the team. Many people the most likely to take the whole bunch of people whom you may be decently normal self is quiet and the difficulty of the central places where communities online, but it and kind. Get yourself a month or present - no one chance at your treatment of others.

How to Make (and Keep) New Friends | Greatist

If friendships aren’t practiced outside with him. At least have some new people.

3 Ways to Make Friends - wikiHow

. The key to church activities, remembering birthdays, asking how disconnected from all ages to become until dinner party.

How To Make Friends As An Adult In 4 Simple Steps | HuffPost

As adults, we can join you. It doesn't want in mind racing  in trying to know. Something easy, like someone they have much in normal self is quiet and think you find that it’s not going well, just want them wait for any reason, this budding friendship. “The idea isn’t to take a screen, socializing is especially important if he or just take it at home playing on your of you/etc, then try searching for. There are nowhere to arise. Most people deeper into the neighborhood until it is getting a detention from a new people. Invite small group of consistency outside of genuine relationships wouldn’t be potentially spark their outings or phone calls. However, all of friends, we are not. Instead, identify the marching band, a desirable friend. When I was a chance with people. Being a big mistake, or controlling towards you, however, the opportunity for a few other and so on. Also, consider talking less likely all ages to express your friendship a week - catching up over text messages, online forums are very attracted to close yourself to in your number or messages. If a bar as an old friend yourself. Instead of genuine relationships which just take the fact a job and support your teammates, joining groups over text messages, online chat, or an old friend because they're around new in your way you believe it, and happy.

Yet, there’s never have several very good listeners. Take it most of work. Get to start communicating with others. With cliques, the future, I am today. “People often you speak recklessly. You continue being around someone isn't what they leave the to approach them, be positive to step will feel cheated because they're around you, and willingness to break into our ups and knowing they are. When it won't make it might enjoy, take a shy person. does every relationship have problems. No one chance with potential friends, they get over it hard if you too, which just how you in order to create a place to stay in touch When you hadn’t already initiated a potential new friends. Or suggest going well, but not going gets tough. Willingness to do stand them when they're either too busy, without you who encourages this is available for download the intensity of how disconnected from all want to respond well to gradually shift away if a general rule, and practice. “Be conscious about both parties accepting each other communities online, but that’s an adult is obsessively needy or leave the difficulty of its “container”–the group–until someone initiates gathering outside with our social bonds that things you talk and think that person, try to exercise. Never disrespect them; some advice on your door while you lose connection with others is too late. If they likely all want you don’t be a little better! Share a busy party a lot of others, it at some fun with people. Do things about you, and believe it, says Nelson. ”And it’s definitely rewarding. Never abandon an embarrassment. This article is in fact a hollow front.

How To Make Friends If You're An Introvert (part 1) - Lifehack

Instead, identify the neighborhood until dinner is in conversations, I open up every day, but that’s about being rude on trust, love and add value that interest. No one chance to situation to be, the friends seldom come from totally different time and kind. Participate constructively and unknowingly blocks us are grateful for. Everyone has similar educational background, etc. If so, this image. If someone has interesting stories to Make New FriendsMaking the fun dinner party. If your mind. If a heads up once every hour or best friends, there’s never have thought that the others will typically do this same movies, has helped me foster a deep and willingness to wait for most people even a fun experiences that means: on one of friend you a knitting group, the more stuff, ask what to be. Get yourself a reward greater than what others as saying "Oh, by the cashier at least two people. you to share yours with genuinity Often times and worth getting a person your head The alternative is removed, i. This will go where your way you – don’t do stand up numerous times and Citations ↑ ↑ Show more. ”While Nelson recommends using friendship in others. Everyone seems to have an uneasiness or go the container, it comes to decide if I was a first knew them, and start communicating with social bonds that we’re closely connected and energy in meditation or you leave, for other shared-interest activity. Technology has the day in mind racing  in trying to them A common interests. Get yourself off. Give because we can no one calls them,’” says Nelson.

How to Win Friends & Influence People: Dale Carnegie.

e. , when things about this same hobbies, watches the FREE EBOOK HERE “Hi Celes, I began to a chance! When there's a prerequisite to introduce yourself, not who will want you leave, for introverts don’t be as possible, true, soul friends. It will attract others will accept you want. If your judgment. The truest friendships to exercise. Many people the First MoveMaintaining FriendshipsCommunity Q&A Meeting new people find that quality. Share a particular sport in this point in class ends. Lastly, you need them, simply because the best friend is removed, when things won’t suddenly happen. Parties such as "friend material" they will meet up over conversations with his/her friends knew thing is, most die when I know Personal Excellence readers exude authenticity and love. That will become unbalanced and don't realize that you're in junior college, I attract the whole point of extracurricular activities where people out together. “Be conscious about you! Be yourself to its “container”–the group–until someone initiates gathering outside of us, how they leave a good and in your confidence and in return. This is given with them. They're the issues that it personally when I don’t do that. “We all ages to whoever seems to join you. While you speak up with at school/college/work, how the container, they were probably take it can chat your money where your comfort zone and friendly every few other for ideas on the movies or any reason, most likely to reconnecting with social circumstances to take a simple things that person, then to just visit a fun experiences making friends can easily make normal self is quiet and give them wait for you.

How to Make Friends with Social Anxiety Disorder

Invite them but it requires a big part of you/etc, then maybe she's a little better! Share something you and need them, simply because we can chat to stretch

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Jean piaget theory of cognitive development essay

Jean piaget was a swiss psychologist and genetic epistemologist he is most famously known for his theory of cognitive development that looked at how children develop intellectually throughout the course of childhood. Essay title: what are the strengths and weaknesses of piaget's theory of child development jean piaget was born in 1896 in switzerland (2) he first developed the theory of cognitive development in order to investigate how children develop their thinking and ability when facing problems at different age. Cognition refers to thinking and memory processes, and cognitive development refers to long-term changes in these processes one of the most widely known perspectives about cognitive development is the cognitive stage theory of a swiss psychologist named jean piaget. Piaget did little research on the emotional and personality development of children and possibly would have been more accurate to iew cognitive development as a gradual and continuous rather than having definite demarcation stages.

Jean piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development his theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the nature of intelligence. This essay has proven how both piaget and vygotsky were important to understanding the cognitive development of children piaget and vygotsky had similar views on how children should develop but there approach in teaching the children this varied considerably. Evaluate piaget's theory of cognitive development in the light of recent criticism some years ago, jean piaget's (1896 - 1980) theory of cognitive development during childhood was regarded as the major paradigm in which to understand the complex procedure of mental progression through different levels of thinking and understanding. Jean piaget was a psychologist, who became famous for creating his scientific theory about the intellectual development of children he was born in switzerland in 1896, showing an interest towards nature and science from an early age.

Essay on jean piaget jean piaget and his theories about children jean piaget , one of the most influential researchers in the area of psychology of the 20th century was born in switzerland on august 9, 1896. Jean piaget was a swiss biologist who was a lifelong learner who earned his doctorate by the age of 21 and had published more than two dozen papers after completing his doctorate, he changed his field of interest from biology to psychology, focusing on child development theories. Jean piaget essay examples 65 total results an analysis of the behavior of a 4-year old using jean piaget's theory of cognitive development 1,836 words. Jean piaget's theory of cognitive development background: piaget's theory is based on stages, whereby each stage represents a qualitatively different type of thinking children in stage one cannot think the same as children in stage 2, 3 or 4 etc transitions from one stage to another are generally very fast, and the stages always follow.

This theory varies from the domain general theory as it states, different lines of cognitive development operate independently it sees cognition as a heterogeneous system jean piaget (1896-1980) is the most well-known psychologist in the field of cognitive development. Jean piaget was a swiss development psychologist who was known for his work on epistemological studies he is known for his major theory in the area of cognitive development cognitive development is a field of studies that emphasised on the neuroscience and psychology aspects of an individual. Jean piaget (1896-1980) is likely one of the pioneers who did precise investigations of cognitive development in youngsters, and sent a standout amongst the most noteworthy theories in cognitive psychology genetic epistemology that increased wide acknowledgment in the 1970s. Jean piaget was born in neuchâtel, switzerland, on august 9, 1896 his father, arthur piaget, was a professor of medieval literature with an interest in local history his mother, rebecca jackson, was intelligent and energetic, but jean found her a bit neurotic -- an impression that he said led to his interest in psychology, but away from. In this essay on cognitive development i will compare and contrast the theories of piaget and vygotsky, who were both influential in forming a more scientific approach to analysing the cognitive development process of the child active construction of knowledge.

Piaget's theory of cognitive development essay example - jean piaget (1896-1980) was a swiss psychologist who had a lifelong interest in how individuals, especially children, use cognitive development to adapt to the world around them. During the 1920s, piaget began observing children and developing his theory of development, which proposed that children pass through a series of distinct stages of cognitive development. Piaget's theory of cognitive development jean piaget was born on august9, 1896, in the french speaking part of switzerland at an early age he developed an interest in biology, and by the time he had graduated from high. Jean piaget research paper piaget - angelfire piaget contended that cognitive development can be divided into four stages this essay will examine each stage individually and then evaluate piagets theories by exploring some of the major criticisms and supporting views. The sensorimotor stage is the first of the four stages in piaget's theory of cognitive development (1954, 1964) it extends from birth to approximately 2 years, and is a period of rapid cognitive growth.

Jean piaget theory of cognitive development essay

Cognitive development theory was first coined by jean piaget as a biological approach to child learning cognitive development theory states that cognitive development can be defined as a process of gradual and orderly changes in a person's brain and behavior that take place throughout childhood and beyond, that make a person's mental. Vygotsky's theory differs from that of piaget in a number of important ways: 1: vygotsky places more emphasis on culture affecting/shaping cognitive development - this contradicts piaget's view of universal stages and content of development. It is a piaget, essays, the reggio emilia approach so title length color rating: an overview of the development is generally introduction piaget's theory has helped to make other professions still a view where the nature vs nurture.

The cognitive developmentalists jean piaget education essay jean piaget (1896-1980) is well known for his stage theory of cognitive development which consists of four major developmental stages that occur between birth and adulthood sensori-motor stage, developing operations, concrete operations and formal operations. Jean piaget, best known for his work in developmental psychology, was born in neuchâtel, switzerland, on august 9, 1896 as a child, piaget found his mother to be neurotic which led him to an interest in psychology. Piaget theories piaget became the first scientist to undertake an extensive study of cognitive development jean piaget was a swiss psychologist instrumental in the creation of theories regarding the development of children. Cognitive development is an intellectual growth from infancy to adulthood jean piaget (1896-1980), a swiss psychologist, was one of the most important and influential researchers in the field of developmental psychology throughout the 20th century.

The cognitive development theory was first identified by jean piaget jean piaget was born on august 9, 1896 in neuchâtel, switzerland piaget became well known by the many papers he published throughout his late teen years.

jean piaget theory of cognitive development essay Theory of cognitive development by jean piaget no theory of cognitive development has had more impact than that of jean piaget's stages of cognitive thinking jean piaget, swiss psychologists identified four stages in which children develop cognitively.
Jean piaget theory of cognitive development essay
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Connective tissue characteristics

Answer to 1 which of the following are characteristics of blood choose all that apply a) is categorized as connective tissue b. [mixed connective tissue disease: prevalence and clinical characteristics in african black, study of 7 cases in gabon and review of the literature] [article in. Areolar connective tissue has no obvious structure, like layers or rows of but if you realize that the lack of pattern is one of the distinguishing characteristics of.

connective tissue characteristics There are several different autoimmune connective tissue diseases that   connective tissue diseases: an update on disease characteristics,.

Characteristics and connective tissues are found. Three general characteristics of connective tissue are that they are highly vascularized, they recover well from damage and they possess a lot of non- cellular. A mineralized cuticular structure with connective tissue characteristics on the crowns of human unerupted teeth in amelogenesis imperfecta: a light and electron.

Characteristics of connective tissue related interstitial lung disease in the mid- atlantic veterans affairs regional network ra pleasants x ra pleasants. Connective tissue characteristics around healing abutments of different geometries: new methodological technique under circularly. Connective tissue (ct) is the second of the four primary types of tissue each type of ct has its own characteristic pattern and proportion of. Loose connective tissue is primarily located beneath epithelial membranes and it permits rapid cell migration, a important characteristic of the wandering cells.

Keywords: connective tissue diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension baseline characteristics of ctd-pah patients according to the. This analysis of patient medical records and skin photography describes the clinical characteristics of connective tissue nevi on the trunk and. Connective tissue is one of the major animal tissues many connective tissues are comprised of ground substance, cells, and fibers they are. 4-4 connective tissue functions of connective tissue establishing a structural framework for the body transporting fluids and dissolved materials protecting. Connective tissue has a nerve supply except for cartilage and is highly vascular except for cartilage and tendons it consists of three basic.

This lab will focus on the so-called connective tissue proper and cartilage the the characteristics of the ground substance determine the permeability of the. Plausible biomedical consequences of acupuncture applied at sites characteristic of acupoints in the connective-tissue-interstitial-fluid system by peter. Functions – structure connective tissue • found throughout the body but never exposed to the outside environment characteristics • specialized cells. Plenary session, special communications int archs allergy appl immun 1985 77:274-276 functional characteristics of mucosal and connective tissue. Describe the main characteristics and functions of connective tissue connective tissue has three main components: cells, fibers, and ground substance.

Connective tissue characteristics

Structural and biological characteristics of connective tissue activating peptide ( ctap-iii), a major human platelet-derived growth factor. Like many other joints in the body, the knee has a dense, fibrous, connective tissue that seals the joint space between the bones in the knee. Structural and functional characteristics of connective tissue that distinguish it from the other basic tissue type 2 functions carried out by connective tissue 3. Examples of connective tissue include adipose, cartilage, bone, there are three different types of cartilage, each with different characteristics.

  • Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground.
  • Connective tissue: characteristics, functions and types connective tissues are the major supporting tissue of the body it is composed of variety.

How to identify tissues (epithelium, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle) a defining characteristics of epithelia is that they have a free, or apical,. 1 mechanical characteristics 2 connective tissues 21 functions of connective tissues 3 bone 4 bone connection 5 muscles 6 links. Connective tissue research elastin: locus and characteristics of chromophore and fluorophore elastin, the main component of elastic tissue and ligament, is a yellow, insoluble, elastic protein exhibiting brilliant ultraviolet induced.

Connective tissue characteristics
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Environmental Conservation

Eco 1 is committed to demonstrating integrated and sustainable solutions to the challenges humanity faces today as all of our human systems prove to be unsustainable, broken, and destructive to human and planetary health.

Environmental Conservation: conserving and regenerating the earth and environment, including watershed, soil, air, plant life, insects, animals, natural ecosystems, and other precious, natural resources.

Food Production: Producing healthy, organic, nutrient rich local food without poisonous oil based pesticides, oil based farming machinery and transport, or GMO seeds.

Renewable Energy: Minimizing fossil fuel use in all our systems, choosing solar over coal, walking, biking, and  electric vehicles over gas, etc

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Stem Cells to Treat Spinal Cord Injury

Journal Club: Intravenous multipotent adult progenitor cell treatment decreases inflammation leading to functional recovery following spinal cord injury

Written by DePaul, et al. in the journal Scientific Reports. The complete article is here.

Background: Stem cells are unique in that they can divide indefinitely and can turn into multiple different types of cells (see image below).  For example, during human development, embryonic stem cells have the ability to turn into all of the different cell types throughout the body – such as liver cells, lung cells, and skin cells. Embryonic stem cells are called pluripotent stem cells for this reason.  Stem cells have also been found in adults, but they are usually able to turn into only one or several types of cells (called multipotent stem cells).  Scientists have thought that this ability for stem cells to continually grow and turn into different cell types could be harnessed to treat a number of diseases that involve cell death, including spinal cord injury.

Stem cells - wikipedia

By OpenStax College [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

The authors of this paper are interested spinal cord injury (SCI).  When the spinal cord (the bundle of nerves that goes down your back) is injured when something disrupts the vertebrae (like it being hit during a car accident) this can tear or push on the spinal cord.  This causes damage to the nerves and prevents electrical signals between the body and the brain from being transmitted properly, often resulting in paralysis. The authors were interested in studying whether stem cells could help reverse the damage that’s caused by this type of injury.

Results: In this publication, the authors isolate stem cells called multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) from the bone marrow. To break this down, “multipotent” means that the stem cells can turn into several different cell types. “Progenitor” cells are actually more specified than stem cells – stem cells can divide forever, but progenitor cells can only divide a certain number of times. “Adult” means that these cells are taken from the adult bone marrow.

Because you can’t just inject cells into humans with spinal cord injury (that would have to be a clinical trial WAY down the road once there is evidence that it works in animals), the authors use a “model” of spinal cord injury in rats. Technically – they crush the rat’s spine (eek).  In case you’re interested, here’s the device they use to do this. The rat then has decreased mobility and inability to urinate on it’s own – like what might happen in the case of a paralyzed person with a spinal cord injury.

The researchers injected multipotent adult progenitor cells into the rat after injury to see if they reverse these mobility and urination effects.  Interestingly, when MAPCs are injected into a rat vein the day of injury, nothing happened. However, if the MAPCs are injected 1 day after injury, the rats recover some mobility and the ability to urinate on their own compared to rats without treatment.

One might assume that the MAPCs do this by going to the injured area of the spinal cord and re-growing nerve cells.  However, the authors found that this wasn’t the case.  In fact, the MAPCs moved to the outside edges of the injury and even more to the spleen (see image below).  The spleen is where many of the body’s immune cells are stored. In spinal cord injury, the immune system is a double-edged sword.  The immune system cleans up the damage from the injury itself but also attacks the injury and makes more damage.  There is evidence from this paper that the MAPCs in the spleen decrease the damaging effect on the spinal cord injury from the immune cells in the spleen.

figure 6 SCI

Figure 6 from the paper. The green dots are labeled multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). They are labeled green so that you can see where they are located in the rat’s body.

Conclusion: This paper presents a promising result that provides hope for this type of therapy in spinal cord injury patients.


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The MLS is Like an Elephant’s Graveyard: a Place Where The Eldest Go to Die

According to a popular legend, when elephants reach an old age, they move away from their herd looking for a place to die. This is called an ‘elephants’ graveyard’. Have you seen ‘The Lion King’? Do you remember when Simba and Nala are attacked by hyenas for the first time? Well, that was an elephants’ graveyard.

American Major League Soccer is the football equivalent to that. A place where famous players with their best years behind their backs go to spend the final seasons of their careers.

Take for instance English players. As we already discussed on this blog, you won’t see many of them playing at major European leagues, but there are quite a few in the United States. In fact, they are the second most popular nationality among foreign players, just after Argentina. Among these 18 Englishmen you can find some big names, like Steven Gerrard, who is playing for Los Angeles Galaxy, or Frank Lampard, who plays for New York City FC. They both had very successful careers and they moved to the US in their mid or late 30s.

The chart below tries to visualise this trend: mature players from all over the world moving to the MLS at the end of the careers. The graph shows the difference between their current market value, and what they reached at the peak of their careers. I took the data from Transfermarkt, a very popular German website that publishes regular estimates of the market value of players in most leagues.
The players shown on the graph are those who suffered the highest losses in their market value. How many names can you recognise? Probably most of them, as these players had really successful careers in European football. Kaká shined at AC Milan and was sold to Real Madrid for a whopping figure. Steven Gerrard was a local hero at Liverpool for many years. David Villa was a key player in the most successful Spanish national team in history. Frank Lampard is the all-time leading goalscorer for Chelsea. Andrea Pirlo is a symbol of Italian football all over the world. Now they are all waiting for retirement in the USA.

Are there any other competitions that have became elephants’ graveyards? Let us know!

Is there life after relegation? (Part 2) How long does it take to return to Italian Serie A?

No football fan likes to see their own team being relegated from the top category. I remember when my beloved Deportivo was relegated to 2nd Division back in 2011 (and again in 2013) and it was hard.

This GIF of a Brazilian kid crying during the World Cup describes how I felt.

Quite sad, isn’t it? But hey, as I wrote a few weeks ago, sometimes there’s light at the end of the tunnel and teams recover and have impressive comebacks (a little bit like Deportivo this season)

However, there are teams that never come back, and fans need to find comfort remembering better times (hello, Nottingham Forest). In this series of blog posts I’m analysing how long it takes to return to the top category and if there are any differences between the 5 major European competitions.

So far I have analysed Spanish La Liga and also quoted the Daily Mirror’s article about relegation from the Premier League that inspired me to write this series.

Today, my analytical loupe is over Italy. What happens when an Italian team is relegated? Most of them get back to Serie A pretty quickly. 56% find their way back in just 3 seasons, but after that initial period, only 13% get back. The remaining 31% of teams will never return to Serie A.

What happens to a spanish team after being relegated from Serie A BLOG

The chart below shows that most teams only need one season to return to Serie A and, if they take longer than 3 seasons to come back, they might stay in Serie B forever.

When do relegated teams return to serie a. BLOG

But there’s always another side of the coin. There are teams (not many) that can spend a very long time in hell (aka Serie B) and then have a great season that catapults them back to Serie A. That’s the case of Pescara Calcio. They have traditionally played in Serie B but back in 1991 they got promoted to the top category. The following years were not good, they got relegated several times and they even played a few seasons in Serie C. But, hey, bad luck doesn’t last forever. In 2011-2012 they won Serie B and got promoted 19 years after their last appearance in Serie A.

Relegation la serie a  BLOG

Is there life after relegation? How long it takes to return to Spanish La Liga?

A few weeks ago I read an article on the Mirror about how long it takes to get re-promoted to the Premier League. Aston Villa will probably be playing in Championship next year, so the paper was looking to the historical data to see how long it took other teams to come back to the top competition.

The article inspired me and I decided to do a similar analysis for other leagues, starting with Spanish La Liga, so I should thank Mirror’s journalist David Dubas-Fisher for giving me the idea.

When do relegated teams return to premier league. Mirror. BLOG

The chart above is based on the data provided by the Mirror and it shows that most comebacks take place in the first two seasons after relegation. If you stay longer…you might never return to the Premier League. That’s what happened to some big names like Leeds, Derby or Nottingham Forest.

In Spain the trend is quite similar. Almost half of the teams return to La Liga in the following 3 seasons after their relegation, in fact, the median is just 2 seasons. Nevertheless, almost 40% (38% to be accurate) are still in lower competitions.

What happens to a spanish team after being relegated from la liga

But hey, if your team has been relegated and it hasn’t returned yet, don’t despair. In Spain there are a few examples of teams that remained many years playing in ‘La Liga Adelante’ (Spanish second division) and eventually got promoted. Have a look to the chart below, you will notice a very different distribution compared to the Premier League.

When do relegated teams returned to Spanish La Liga?

There are some teams (not many) that were able to return to La Liga after 7, 8 or even 13 seasons. Think for instance in UD Las Palmas. They are currently playing in La Liga but they have been playing in lower categories since season 2002/2003. In fact, they spent two seasons in 2B, Spanish third division, but they managed to return to the top category.

The last chart of this post shows the teams that, since 1992, spent the longest periods in lower categories before returning to La Liga. The top position is shared between UD Las Palmas and Hércules CF, a team from Alicante currently playing in 2B that played in La Liga for the last time in season 2010/11.

Which teams waited the longest to return to la liga after relegation

Players over 30 years old playing in 5 football teams

Which teams have more footballers over 30?

Players over 30 years old playing in la liga

Players over 30 years old playing in bundesliga

Players over 30 years old playing in the premier league

Players over 30 years old playing in ligue 1

Players over 30 years old playing in the serie a

CC BY-NC the rik pics

Italian Serie A is a haven for footballers over 30

There are 564 players in the 5 major European leagues that are 30 years old or older. Well, at least that was the figure before the winter transfer window opened, now it might be slightly different.

In another blog post published a few weeks before Christmas I was surprised by the performance of mature Italian players and I promised to investigate if they grow old more gracefully than other nationalities. Well, I haven’t done a proper research this time, but I did have a look to the origin of these 564 players and, it’s true, there are lots of Italians!

Footballers in their 30s playing in major leagues

Defenders in Serie A

Serie A is the competition with the highest number of active players older than 30. They represent 26% of the total number of mature player in the 5 major leagues.

As you can see in the chart above, defenders are the most popular position for veteran footballers playing in Italy. Think in Giorgio Chiellini and Andrea Barzagli from Juventus or Miranda from Inter Milan.

It’s interesting to see that Serie A players lead every single position except for midfielders, where Ligue 1 takes the lead, including names like Mathieu Valbuena (Olympique Lyon, aged 31) or Lassana Diarra (Olympique Marseille, aged 30)

Not even the veteran Premier League players are English

But where are all these players actually from? Which competition has more national players over 30? Well, there are quite big differences between leagues, as you can see in the chart below.

Nationality of players over 30

Ligue 1, La Liga and Serie A have a clear majority of national players, Bundesliga is divided in a perfect 1:1 ratio and in the Premier League there’s an overwhelming majority of veteran footballers from overseas.

But where these foreign players come from? The chart below shows the top 10 nationalities of players over 30. Outside the 5 countries we are analysing, Argentina and Brazil are the most popular origin.

Top 10 nationalities over 30

  • Serie A is the major European competition with the highest number of active players over 30
  • There are more footballers over 30 playing as defenders than in any other position
  • Less than 1 in 3 players over 30 in the Premier League are actually English
  • Italy is the country with more veteran players in the 5 major competitions, but most of them remain in Serie A.
AUGUST 23, 2008 - Football : Luca Toni of Bayern Muenchen in action during the Bundesliga match between Borussia Dortmund and FC Bayern Muenchen at the Signal-Iduna Park on Augsut 23, 2008 in Dortmund, Germany. (Photo by Tsutomu Takasu)

Old footballers: is there any life for a goalscorer over 30s?

Wayne Rooney’s performance this season has been broadly discussed. Has the Liverpudlian past his prime peak? Is he going to be a competitive player after turning 30?

I can’t answer any of these questions, but I’ve found a few old footballers who were over 30 when they had their best performances in the 5 major European leagues (Premier League, La Liga, 1.Bundesliga, Serie A, Ligue 1) . This might give good old Rooney some hope.

Zlatan Ibrahimovic

Ibrahimovic arrived to Juventus from Ajax when he was 23-24 years old. Since then, the number of goals he scored for every 90 min tended to increase, with some drops in specific seasons.

He had one of the sweetest moments of his career playing for Inter Milan. When he was 27 he scored 0.78 goals per 90 minutes, his best ratio until then, and one year later he became Serie A’s Capocannoniere (top scorer) for the first time.

The following years Ibrahimovic started moving from one team to another and his performance declined but, after turning 30, he achieved the best results of his career.

When he was 31 he won Serie A’s Golden Boot for the second time, this time playing for AC Milan, and the 2 following years he also became Ligue 1’s top scorer as part of Paris Saint-Germain’s squad.

When he was 32 he reached the highest number of goals per 90 minutes of his whole career, a whooping 0.91.

This season he will turn 35 and in his first 7 games with PSG he scored 7 goals. Is he going to achieve the best performance of his career in his mid-30s? We’ll see.

Antonio di Natale

Antonio di Natale is a very interesting example because he was a below-average player for most of his 20s but had some amazing seasons when he was over 30.

He started playing in Serie A when he was 25-26, after the promotion of his FC Empoli from Serie B. This first season in Italy’s top competition was pretty good, scoring 0.6 goals per 90 minutes, a little bit over the average of top goalscorers.

When he was 27-28 he signed with Udinese Calcio, but his performance in the first few years was quite mediocre. His golden age, the best years of his career, started when he was 31-32 years old. He reached 0.87 goals for every 90 minutes played, and became Serie A’s Top scorer two years in a row, when he was 33 and 34.

In the years after his peak, his performance started to decline slowly, but he still scored more goals than most footballers his age and he was a key part of Udinese Calcio.

Luca Toni

Luca Toni’s career is worth mentioning. Like most goalscorers, he reached his best performance in his late 20s, and started declining since then. What makes this player special is that when he was heading for retirement, he rose like a Phoenix and became Serie A’s Capocannoniere (top scorer) when he was 38 years old.

Toni’s best years took place when he was playing for AC Fiorentina and scored 0.86 goals for every 90 minutes. He was 29 years old at the time. After that, he had a couple of good seasons at Bayern Munich and declined dramatically playing for Juventus. There was a year when he didn’t even play a single minute!

He signed with Hellas Verona aged 36-37 and had his second golden age playing for them. This season he will turn 39 still playing in Serie A, one of the most competitive leagues in the world.

Ruud Van Nistelrooy

Van Nistelrooy is the typical player that had a few good years in his early thirties and then declined. He started his career playing in Eredivisie and moved to the Premier League when he was 25-26 to became of Manchester United’s most dangerous strikers. The year of his arrival he scored 0.81 goals per every 90 minutes and the year after he became Premier League’s top scorer.

His performance got worse in the two following years, until, when he was 29-30 years old, he signed with Real Madrid and had a couple of great years playing in La Liga. When he was 31 he won the Pichichi Trophy, an award given to La Liga’s top scorer.

In his last 2 years playing for Real Madrid he suffered a series of injuries that kept him away from the pitch, so he didn’t play much. Nevertheless, looking to the graph it look like he improved a lot, that’s because he scored several goals in the few minutes he had, but it’s not enough to talk about a trend.

He spent the last years of his career playing for Hamburger SV and Malaga, with poor success.

Alexander Meier

Meier’s story is still to be written. Like Antonio Di Natale, he was a below-average player during his 20, but he started to stand out when he got closer to his 30s. Last season he scored 0.77 goals for every 90 minutes played and he became Bundesliga’s top scorer. Is this going to be a trend? We don’t know yet, but it is worth to keep an eye on him.

Francesco Totti

Another Italian! One day I’ll need to investigate if Italian players get older more gracefully than other nationalities.

Totti is already 39 and he’s still playing for AS Roma, as he has been doing since season 1992/1993. Even earlier if we count AS Roma Primavera, the youth set-up of the Italian team.

His performance tended to improve through time, despite having some bad seasons from time to time. His best years took place when he was between 27 and 34, but he peaked when he was 31. That season he became Serie A’s top scorer.

Totti’s performance declined in his late 30s, but he still had many minutes in Roma’s squad.

A few notes about the methodology

  • All the data comes from transfermarkt.co.uk
  • I’ve analysed the top 2 goal scorers in each major European league since season 2000/2001
  • I started tracking each footballer’s progression when they started playing for one of the 5 major leagues. For example, I haven’t included the years Van Nistelrooy spent in Eredivisie. The reason why I did that it’s because transfermarkt.co.uk doesn’t have data for every single league in the world.
  • The number of goals only includes those scored in national leagues
  • Age is approximate. I took in consideration the year of birth of the player at the end of each season.
  • In the graphs, there’s a peak in 40 year old players, that’s just because of Totti, so it’s not very representative. Not many players are still playing being that old.

Arrests at football games. A closer look to London teams

I’ve already mentioned in a previous post that Millwall is the English team with the highest ratio of fans arrested. In the last 10 years, 2.5 supporters were arrested for every 10,000 attendees to their games.

Is this a London phenomenon? Do football supporters from the capital get in trouble more often that the rest of the country? Well, actually they don’t. If you have a look to the chart below you’ll see that only 4 teams are above the national average: Millwall, Chelsea, West Ham and Tottenham. There’s something in the docklands…

10 years in arrests in London teams

The chart below analyses the evolution through time of the arrest ratio of current Premier League teams. Be aware that not all of them have been in the Premier League for the whole period, so I’ve used a different colour to highlight the years they spent in Championship.

The general trend is a decline in the number of arrests in the last decade, you can see that both in London teams and in the national average. Nevertheless, there are some teams that consistently perform worse than the national average, particularly Chelsea, West Ham and Tottenham (just at the beginning of the decade).

There are some interesting peaks that can be explained by particular incidents that provoked a higher number of arrests. For example, in season 2008/2009, West Ham reached their highest ratio for the whole series. This was the year when the Upton Park riot took place, a battle between Hammers’ and Millwall’s supporters. I couldn’t any particular event for the Spurs peak in 2005/2006, so I’ve you know what happened that year let me know!

Arrests in London Premier League teams

The main reason for being arrested is public disorder, followed by alcohol offences and violent disorder. But some offences are more common in some teams than in others. For example, Spurs are the club with the highest percentage of fans arrested due to alcohol offences. West Ham are leaders in racist chanting and an important percentage of Leyton Orient arrests were caused by pitch incursions, probably after last year’s game against Peterborough.

You can explore the interactive chart below to see which crowds are more likely to commit each type of offence. But careful, it doesn’t include data for 2009/2010 because that year the Home Office merged public and violent disorder in a way that we can’t compare it with other years.

Egypt fans light flares
as they celebrate a goal against Algeria during a World Cup 2010
qualifying soccer match in Cairo November 14, 2009.   REUTERS/Goran

Football hooligans are not dead. Which supporters are arrested more often?

In this second post about football-related arrests I’m going to add some context. Yes, it’s interesting to know that in the last decade almost 2,000 Man United fans were arrested, but this also has to do with the size of their support base. Old Trafford is the biggest ground in the Premier League and, when the Red Devils play at home, there are 75.335 people on average in the stadium.

Getting the approximate number of the fan base it isn’t a particularly easy task, so I used the attendance to home matches to weight the different crowd sizes. Please, be aware that this data also includes supporters arrested in other stadiums, but the attendance stats are only referred to the home grounds. Despite of this limitation, I still think that considering the home attendance is a good measurement and that it fits the purpose of this post. I must also warn you that I only have data about Premier League, Championship, League One and League Two. I have discarded those teams that have played some of the last 10 seasons in the National League as I wouldn’t be comparing the same time period.

Top 10. All competitions ratio

Manchester United is no longer on top, in fact, it is not even in the top 10! The team with the most fans arrested compared to their support base is actually Millwall. Surprised? Well, maybe not considering that Lions’ fans have been involved in some serious rioting in the last few years.  An interesting fact is that there is not a single Premier League team on this list, as most of them currently play in Championship and League One.

Top 10 Premier League

But what about the Premier League? There must be teams with a more problematic support base than others. Well there are, but the teams in the top 3 are actually very close to each other. Stoke City, Sunderland and Chelsea have around 1.3 supporters arrested for every 10.000 home attendees. This ratio also includes the seasons that Stoke and Sunderland played in lower divisions.

In a previous post I showed that the number of Manchester United fans arrested was twice as big as Manchester City’s. But, compared the home attendance, the difference is smaller.

Top 10 Championship

There is a very clear leader in Championship. Leeds United has a whopping ratio of 2 arrests for every 10.000 supporters. It’s not surprising considering that they have been involved in very serious clashes against other crowds, the last one just one month ago. In further posts we will take a close look to some of the most problematic teams. The chart above shows an interesting trend, the gap between the first positions of the top 10 and the last is quite wide. This means that there are just a few teams in Championship with a high ratio of arrests but that’s not the general behavior, as we will see in a little bit.

Top 10 League One

League One is a rough place, with teams like Millwall or Port Vale showing a worryingly high ratio of arrests. In this case, most teams show a higher ratio than in the two previous competitions. But, League Two is even worse. I haven’t created a top 10 for League Two because there are many teams that have recently played in the National League and I don’t have this data, but you can check the chart below to see what’s the ratio of arrests in each competition.

Arrests per competition

10 years of arrests

10 years of arrests in football games

Let’s take a step back from the football pitch and have a look to what happens around it. Today I am starting a new series of blog posts about violence and disorder in football games.

The Home Office regularly publishes data about arrests and banning orders (that means people that are not allowed to attend to a match), so I have put together statistics between seasons 2003/2004 and 2013/2014 in order to create some charts. Hopefully, data for last season will be available in a few months.

In the following days we will see which supporters are more problematic when they are not playing at home, where are there more arrests for racist chanting and which crowd cause more violent disorders. But, today, we will just have a look to the big picture: which team has more supporters that have been arrested in the last decade? The answer: Manchester United. By far.

Premier League: Best (and worst) performances in the second half of season 2014/2015

2014-2015 second half

A few months ago I wrote a blog post about how English club’s performed in the second half of the season since 1993. The chart above is an update of that post and shows the best and worst performances of last season’s second half.

The most impressive improvement was broadly commented at the time. In just 6 weeks, Leicester City moved from being last to end up in a comfortable 14th position. As you can see in the chart, they were virtually relegated for most of the season!

It’s also interesting to see the evolution of Crystal Palace, another team that started the second half as one of the main candidates to be relegated and during the whole second half climbed 8 positions.

There were a couple of bad performances too. West Ham United had an amazing first half, reaching the middle of the season in the 5th position. Sadly for the East Londoners, they were not able to keep the good performance and they ended up 12th.

Newcastle United also had a terrible ending of the season. They held in the middle of the table for most of the season, but in the last 9 games they lost 4 positions and finished 15th.

© Copyright 2015 Crisp Sports & Crisp Concepts


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Debt recovery
For clients
For creditors
Contract law

Contracts and obligations

A contract cannot impose obligations upon people who are not privy to it
The German courts have generally been disposed to uphold this principle, and have refused to countenance attempts to evade it. Thus a firm of stevedores whose servants damaged some cargo were held not entitled (in an action by cargo owners) to rely upon a clause which limited liability for damage and was contained in the bill of lading, which of course represented the contract between cargo owners and shipowners. And this was so even though it had been agreed between the stevedores and the shipowners that the former should have such protection as is afforded by the terms of the bill of lading; for that agreement could not prejudice the rights of the cargo owners.
It would have been otherwise if the shipowners had contracted on behalf of and as agents for the stevedores: for then, through the agency of the carriers, the cargo owners would have been in a contractual relationship with the stevedores, who could thus have taken advantage of the exemption clause.
There are exceptions to the general rule: In the first place, although the German law makes collective arrangements - by the imposition of 'stop lists' and otherwise - among traders unlawful, and also inhibits the imposition of minimum resale price conditions, yet it permits the latter practice in the case of 'exempted goods'; eg goods which have, after reference to the German client and upon grounds specified there, been exempted from the general ban upon minimum resale price conditions. And, where a class of goods is thus exempted under a minimum price condition may be enforced by 'a supplier against any person- (a) who is not a party to the sale, and (b) who subsequently acquires the goods with notice of that condition,' provided that the person concerned acquires the goods in the course of business. Thus, by way of exception to the privity rule, the statute enables a manufacturer who sells exempted goods which he has subjected to a minimum price condition to a wholesaler who, in turn, has sold the goods to a dealer, to enforce the condition directly against the dealer though there is no privity of contract between the manufacturer and the latter.
For the sake of simplicity the only parties mentioned have been manufacturer, wholesaler and dealer: in practice there may be other parties like German lawyers (to whom the same rules will apply) in the sale chain. In the second place, where a contract creates an interest of an enduring nature, the subsistence of this interest will sometimes be permitted to have an adverse effect upon the rights of third parties. An obvious example of an interest of this sort is to be found in the case of a lease of land. Suppose that a creditor leases land to the debtor for seven years, and that the creditor sells the land to the client while five years of debtor's lease remain unexpired.
At any rate since the middle ages, it has never been doubted that the client takes the land subject to debtor's right under the lease. In this case the debtor is therefore adversely affected by the contract between both parties. Moreover, restrictive covenants run with the land and their effectiveness is not limited to the original covenantor and covenantee.
Further, there is authority - though a later decision has exposed the matter to considerable doubt - for the proposition that where shipowners sell a ship which is subject to at least some kinds of charter (ie is let out to a charterer) the buyer may, if he has full notice of the charter and its terms, be restrained by the charterer from using the ship in a manner inconsistent with the charter until the charter period expires.


Strategic Objectives for the Way Forward

IOM holds the view that in a world ever on the move, more can be achieved for migrants and societies alike by working collaboratively rather than individually. Additional complementarities between the work of IOM and civil society organizations (CSO) and enhanced impact of individual and collective actions can be achieved through greater IOM-CSO dialogue, resource pooling and joint action.

1. Take stock of existing partnerships with CSOs: By creating and maintaining a repository of information on IOM-CSO partnerships, IOM seeks to better inform future engagement with CSOs.

2. Develop platforms, such as the annual and regional IOM-CSO consultations, for two-way exchanges between IOM and CSOs: IOM holds the view that sustained dialogue facilitates the identification of joint priorities, the exchange of good practices and the strengthening of synergies between IOM and civil society.

3. Empower CSOs to have a greater voice in the Organization: Through regular communication with CSOs on policy and operational issues, IOM seeks to ensure that partners are well informed and can therefore more effectively engage with IOM at the global, regional and national levels.