Things To Know Before Renovating A Commercial Building

If you are the owner of a commercial building you may think that you are sitting on a gold mine. That is because it is possible to rent out or lease these buildings for a considerable amount. While this is true you seem to be forgetting something very important. That is renovations of these buildings can prove to be a challenge like no other. That is because not only is it time-consuming. But it is also complicated and takes a significant investment on your part. Furthermore, we understand that many of you may not know what you are getting yourself into when you begin such a project. That is because renovation of these buildings is considerably different from removing a residential property.

Conduct a Research

If this is your first building you may have no idea about what a renovation entails. Therefore before you begin to hire professionals first conduct a research. This would help you understand various terms such as what high rise painters is. This is crucial because you would be ripped off if you don’t know the basics. Furthermore, it is also recommended for these individuals to communicate with others in this field. They would then be able to get real-life advice and opinions. This can be extremely important for your future endeavours.

Follow a Strict Schedule

As this is your first project you may think that a schedule is not important but it is extremely crucial. That is because otherwise, you would schedule both the high rise painting contractors the window fixtures on the same day. This can prove to be a significant mistake. Therefore to avoid double scheduling make sure you have a schedule. This way you would also be able to break down different tasks. Then you would have a better idea of what is going on. Furthermore, you would also be able to keep up with each task without feeling overwhelmed or lost.

Obtain a Building Report

This should be one of the first things that you should obtain. That is because this report would be given by a fully qualified surveyor. Furthermore, in some instances, it may even contain the problems that the building contains. This would, therefore, become very handy when you are renovating.

The first thing you have to understand is that renovating a commercial building and a home are completely two different things. Furthermore, you should also try to avoid feeling overwhelmed. Instead, attempt to have a clear-cut plan on hand. This would be able to assist you to manoeuvre through this process with ease and with less hassle.


Drought In Maharashtra Essays

It’s meaning: Drought is a condition of no rains when the standing crops, mostly rain-fed, gets dried up and is destroyed.

While India is a country rich in natural resources and manpower, she is still far behind other developed countries of the world in matters of conquering the forces of nature.

The vagaries of the Indian climate are a veritable obstruction in the path of her property and well-being. She is often visited by long spells of drought or abundance of rains causing floods.

Causes: The situation of drought arises when there is long spell of severe water shortages. The causes of drought includes the followings:

  1. Scarcity of rain-fall.
  2. Lack of irrigation facilities to supplement the need for water during the period of inadequate monsoon.
  3. Lack of properly developed Rain-water harvesting methods
  4. Lack of proper planning to deal with the situation.
  5. Widespread deforestation and cutting of trees has reduced the ability of soil to hold water. Lack of underground water is a major cause for droughts.

Evil effects of drought: Like floods, drought is a grave natural calamity that affects Indian life, its agriculture, industry, and economy.

Wells, tanks and canals get dried and even the cattle die without water. Farmers and daily wage-earners leave their homes and migrate into other parts of the country in search of employment.

Famine breaks out people face untold miseries and hardships. The cruelty of the angry rain-god, as most of the people in rural areas are prone to believe, makes them suffer from disease and starvation. Poverty and squalor become their inseparable companions.

Sometimes, their tales of sadness and sorrow grow beyond proportion when they find that sowing the seeds for growing Rabi crops becomes impossible due to drought condition. This results in famine conditions.

Industry suffers a setback due to the scarcity of raw materials produced by agriculture. Already there is a substantial shortfall in industrial production. This combined with the demand of increased wages by the workers, puts the industrialists on the horns of a dilemma and some industries face closure.

The impact of drought is even in the social field. Faced by hunger and frustrated by uncertain future, many of our people indulge into illegal practices creating law and order problem for the government.

Solution: To tackle the problem of drought in our country, the following solutions are suggested.

  1. All our efforts should be made to preserve rain waters in various ways and tap ground water sources to meet unexpected drought situations.
  2. Improved rain-water harvesting methods should be deployed.
  3. The people should be educated regarding the importance of water, so that they do-not misuse the stored water
  4. New improved methods of irrigation should be introduced.
  5. Deforestation should be discouraged to increase the ability of the soil to hold water.

Conclusion: It is high time that the government mobilized all its resources to provide succor to the people in this hour and fight the monster of drought with determination. It has not yet devised ways and means to face and fight natural calamities.

Category: Essays, Paragraphs and Articles

Recent news has been flooded with reports of the severe drought situation in the Marathwada and Vidarbha regions of Maharashtra. Even more shocking are the reports of large-scale suicides by farmers due to crop losses.

Although the government has announced a relief package for drought-affected areas, these sort of quick- fix solutions are not enough to solve the real problems on the ground, argues Suneel Joshi.

Maharashtra is experiencing drought this year too. Why does this happen every year?

For this, we need to understand the geographical and climatic situation of Maharashtra. As high as 80% to 84% of the agriculture in Maharashtra is rainfed, which means that it totally depends on rainfall for its crops but there is a huge variability in rainfall in different regions of the state.

One-third of the state falls under the semi-arid climatic zone and has its agriculture dependent on the monsoons. Deficient rainfall is reported once every 5 years and drought conditions occur once every 8-9 years. Marathwada and Vidarbha have been experiencing severe drought over the last three years due to deficient rainfall and this has further worsened the situation with a drastic drop in groundwater levels, acute water shortages and severe loss of crops during the kharif and rabi seasons.

Over the last 5 years, newspapers have been full of reports related to relief being provided in the form of water tankers supplying water daily to drought-affected districts and water shortages have affected domestic needs, agriculture, livestock, and livelihoods of hundreds. The worst hit are the resource poor and marginal farmers.

Despite this happening over and over again, the irrigation in the state is very low at 16% as compared to the national average of 42%. Over-dependence on private sources of groundwater use such as tube wells, bore wells, wells and piped water, limits access of farmers to water resources and has also led to over exploitation and severe drop in groundwater levels in the area.

Thus, the major problem in this area is the lack of assured water supply as no other methods of irrigation are utilised. Rather, irrigation is more developed in western Maharashtra as compared to Vidarbha and Marathwada, which needs it the most. Both regions continue to remain relatively backward in terms of socio-economic indicators as well.

Is it due to geography, climate change or mismanagement of resources?

Geography is a factor that we know about for a long time. Climate change has worsened the situation over the last few years, but what is more worrying is the lack of planning, short sightedness and pure disregard shown for the situation at the policy level. The vulnerable situation of the area is already known, but we still depend on dams for water, which goes to the farmers at a price.

What will the small and marginal farmers do? We still focus on water-intensive crops like sugarcane. for better and assured money. The poor farmer is forced to practice an agricultural model based on demand and supply where he is unable to get an output that is at least equal if not more than what he put in. Development of industries and cities have also put an additional load on water resources from dams, which in many cases are diverted to cities. The farmer is thus caught in a web of unending demands and a maze of circumstances from where there is no way out.

What is the actual situation of farmers in the area? Who are the ones committing suicide?

We have to understand the situation of a farmer in a broader context. Our policies have not looked at the overall development of farming communities. Our farmers in the area are totally dependant on land for their livelihoods. It is only a few farmers that also have other members in the family working in the cities, who can provide additional income to the family in times of crisis. And farming is a resource intensive process. You need money to buy seeds, fertilisers, pesticides, water, manpower, electricity. You put in all the money for resources and then depend on the rain and climate to do their bit. When the vagaries of climate take their toll, the farmer has no way out. He is then caught in the loan web to sow the next crop for the next season.

Take the example of Vidarbha where cotton, tur and soyabeans are the important crops. Low levels of groundwater and irregular supply of electricity makes it very difficult for farmers. There is only 4% irrigation in an area where the capacity for irrigation can be as high as 65%. So the farmers have to invest in tube wells, wells and pipelines in an area which already has dangerously low levels of groundwater. So why then does farming  become unremunerative? It is this emphasis on cash crops, overdependence on monsoons, low productivity, poor irrigation facilities and dependence on wells in an area where the water tables have already gone down coupled with poor electrification, which makes it very difficult for the farmer.

And do our policies make it easy for him? No way! So what happens when the farmer ends up with very less produce and cannot get back an amount even equal to what he has invested in his farm? He has to look out for another season of good harvest with which he can support his family and continue cultivation. He then falls into the trap of procuring loans in the hope of a good harvest next season.

After changes in worldwide policies in 1991, privatisation and free economy have changed banking practises. Banks are not very eager to give loans to farmers. The poor and marginal farmers thus fall into the clutches of moneylenders, who charge higher rates of interest, which the farmers are unable to repay.

With no guarantee of a good crop even during the next season within the limitations they have to face, the farmers continue to borrow from money lenders as they get money on demand. Getting loans from banks and cooperatives often takes long and they have to go through agents at times, who demand commissions.

And mind you, my experience shows that farmers are extremely sentimental and proud with genuine attachment for the piece of land they own. It is our policies that have unfortunately been unable to understand their value and give them the respect they deserve by treating them as beggars! Farmers caught in this trap of cyclical indebtedness then have no other option, but to resort to suicide!

Why do you think this situation has arisen? What is the real problem and the ground level situation?

I think this situation has arisen only because of the lack of sensitivity at the policy level to understanding agriculture as an important occupation and not only as a revenue generator but also as a food generator. None of the policies seem to be designed while keeping in mind the farmer and his convenience. We have ignored irrigation, there is no infrastructure provided to take care of the produce from the farms that can degrade fast such as onions and other vegetables. These need cold storage facilities, which still do not exist on a large scale leading to massive wastage of resources.

State and national policies are often found to favour input-oriented markets. Farmers are forced to buy genetically modified seeds at high prices. Fertilisers and pesticides also come at a price, which farmers have to buy from companies. So who benefits? It is the manufacturers who sell these at ridiculous prices and make farmers dependent on these products. Thus it is the manufacturing companies of these agricultural products that stand to gain while the farmer is left to his own destiny. The governmental system also brought in subsidies in agriculture which have put the farmer into the additional pressure of corruption by which an average farmer has lost his belief in the system.

Water was also converted into a commodity, and not as a common resource to be utilised carefully by farmers. This led to diversion of water to dams, there was no effort to encourage farmers to focus on harvesting water and making it available at the local level. Focus was diverted to cash crops like sugarcane, pomegranate and other fruits while local crops like jowar, bajra, oilseeds were not equally encouraged. The groundwater levels in the area are precariously down. No efforts are being made to utilise the short span of rainfall available to harvest water and recharge the groundwater in the region. The soil in the region has also deteriorated with less capacity of absorption due to high salinity.

The government has taken some steps, are those enough? Will packages serve the purpose?

What has the government done? It has announced 'packages' to take care of the suicide situation in the state. Trying to compensate for what can be called as the 'failure of the system' to value and understand the needs of the farmer by giving money is extremely wrong and insensitive! Can temporary means like handing away money really solve the problems of the farmers? Is the government aware of the real problems of the farmers?

It is firstly important to understand that if at all financial help has to be given it has to be given keeping in mind a long term plan for the farmer and his family. Why does the farmer get into this situation? It is because he is totally dependant on land for his income.

I come from a farming family myself. Why did my family have to migrate? We had land, cattle, but no other source of income to depend upon in times of crisis. Can we try to help people to have education or skills to be able to seek other sources of income in addition to farming? Overall educational development of the family is also important and would also help in granting status to the occupation of farming.

What should be done in your opinion to deal with this situation?

I think no temporary solution will help. What ever plans we make have to be well thought out and should not be restricted over 4 to 5 years, but should focus on the next 25 years. What we do should be planned keeping in mind the farmer as an important and central unit in agriculture. The problem of suicides among farmers needs to be tackled in a holistic way.

For example:

  • Policies need to be designed to improve the education and quality of life of the farmers and their households along with improvement in infrastructural facilities at the village level. Developing other additional skills or income generating activities among farmers should also be encouraged to make them better equipped to cope with uncertainties arising out of cultivation.
  • Improvement in bank lending mechanisms that help and respect the farmers and provide support and training should be encouraged, rather than banks functioning as structures that treat the farmer as a poor victim that needs loan waivers.
  • Non institutional lending mechanisms like moneylenders should be brought under regulation so that they stop charging the farmers high rates of interest that increase the risk of farmers of falling into debt traps.
  • Efforts need to be made to improve irrigation facilities in rural areas and to stop emphasis on dams. Farmers must be encouraged to harvest and use water in their own areas sustainably and equitably. Local streams, canals in the villages should be identified, deepened and widened to enhance harvesting of water. Rivers should be considered as important units of the village and revived.
  • Development should be targeted at the village and towards small groups of farmers as units to bring about real change. In our country, farmers suicides have happened due to the failure of the cooperative movement.
  • For cash crops like sugarcane, grapes and other fruits, cotton, tur and soyabeans, the crop insurance has to be strengthened. Innovative methods for loan settlement should be developed to help farmers to cope in times of financial crisis.
  • Dependence of farmers on seeds from manufacturers and fertilisers must be stopped by encouraging development of local seed grower families, development of organic local fertilisers and pesticides and further development in products by using Ayurveda rather than using technologies based on western models.
  • The knowledge of farmers is based on their years of experience with the local climate. This should be valued and incorporated at the policy level since most of the knowledge taught even in agricultural universities is based on western models.
  • We should encourage research and development that can aid our farmers such as better weather predicting systems, knowledge generation that is based on the day to day needs and queries of farmers. We should encourage better dialogue between agriculturalists and farmers who can work together to find solutions to problems.

And I think, ultimately we need to remember that farming is a tremendously satisfying activity, it is a way of life for the farmers and we have to remember that they do the job of feeding us, which is considered as a highly selfless activity in our culture.

We should stop looking at farming as an industry that focuses on exploitation of the soil and other resources such as water to produce more and more for profit. It is an incredibly spiritual endeavour, attained by being in tune with nature, and using its resources with respect, care and gratitude.

Suneel Joshi, is the State co-ordinator for Jal Biradari, an NGO working for water conservation and other environmental issues.

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Sunday, January 15, 2017

MANAGER LEADER SPECIAL.....Management Is All in the Timing

Management Is All in the Timing

The most successful leaders are highly aware of their colleagues’ pace and sense of urgency — and continually adapt to them.
The pace of business keeps hastening, as advanced technology hypercharges the speed at which data and business opportunities emerge, in addition to increasing the amount and accessibility of those things. Fundamental shifts in market structure have shortened the life cycles of innovation, products, and even executives. CEO tenure in the Fortune 500 has fallen from an average of 11 years in 2002 to six years today. The average life span of a company (pdf) in the Fortune 500 has shrunk from 25 years in 1980 to just 15 today. The end result is a pervasive sense of anxiety and time famine, as both companies and the executives within them struggle to keep up.
But speed and urgency, although necessary attributes of leadership, are not sufficient. In fact, our research suggests that the leaders who can tether an obsession with deadlines and time to an ability to sense the work and energy flow of their colleagues will have the most success.
Even in the 21st-century fast-track economy, the idea that each minute (or billable hour) of human activity has a constant value is at odds with the basic facts. Humans don’t experience time with linear consistency. All of us feel an ebb and flow of cognitive alertness and physical energy throughout a day. In the absence of a clock or watch, what feels like a minute or an hour to a person can vary considerably, depending, for example, on how interesting the task at hand is, whether distractions are available, or even what the physical conditions surrounding the person are (e.g., time passes more slowly when a person is freezing cold or experiencing loud noises in the background). As Einstein is quoted as saying, “Put your hand on a hot stove for a minute, and it seems like an hour. Sit with a pretty girl for an hour, and it seems like a minute. That’s relativity.”
Cultural anthropologists were the first to recognize that people tend to track time in two ways: clock time and social time. Edward T. Hall’s famous 1983 book, The Dance of Life: The Other Dimension of Time (Anchor Press/Doubleday), first brought this distinction to light cross-culturally. Under clock time, punctuality and predictability are highly valued. Meetings start and end when people say they will. People adhere strictly to deadlines and appointment times. Under social time, by contrast, conversational and relational smoothness and the ability to complete a thought or interaction without abruptness are valued. A fluid sense of natural rhythm in conversations and interactions over time enhances relationship building.

Research found that, traditionally, southern European and Latin cultures placed more emphasis on social time and Anglo-Saxon cultures placed more emphasis on clock time. But these cultural differences are beginning to wane as more of the world moves to a global business culture driven by clock time. Still, within the same culture, research has long found significant differences in how people experience time.
The Importance of Flow
The most established psychological measure of differences in how people track time is known as time urgency. Highly time-urgent people monitor clocks and watches frequently and place an implicit value on efficient time usage. They adhere tightly to schedules, lists, and deadlines; they place a value on punctuality. But in our research over the last 10 years, we’ve been exploring the existence of a second dimension to how humans track time, inspired by the cultural differences in time perception that anthropologists have observed and work by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihaly and others on the concept of flow.
We start with the idea that humans in groups like to experience a sense of social synchrony, which we define as alignment in how people perceive and adapt to create a sense of relational smoothness and flow in interaction. In a recent paper we published in Personnel Psychology, completed with coauthors Abbie Shipp and John-Gabriel Licht, we showed that even within cultures, people vary widely in the degree to which they notice synchrony in their interactions. What’s more, they vary in their willingness to adapt their own pace in order to better align with others’ pace. We call the willingness and proclivity to adapt the synchrony preference. The synchrony preference captures the degree to which a person tracks the pace of other people’s behavior and is willing to adapt his or her own behavior to match it, in terms of both speeding up and slowing down.
To make this idea concrete, some examples of the socio-temporal cues that people might use in conversation to indicate a sense of aligned pace include the gentle nodding of one’s head and short expressions of “yes” and “that’s right.” When one wants to speed up another person, one may look at one’s watch, nod one’s head more rapidly in a way that suggests moving things along, or express anxiety about taking up others’ time. Similarly, to slow things down, one may say “let me stop you there for a minute” or subtly put up one’s hand.
In general, we have found that people who score high on synchrony preference are more likely to notice and incorporate these types of cues into their own mental processing and behavior. By contrast, people who rate low on synchrony preference place more value on maintaining their own rhythm or pace in interaction and tend to ignore social cues that might deter them. And when they do align on pace, it is often because they make a point of filling their teams with people who have similar pacing preferences. We see this, for example, in some professional services firms, where a sense of time scarcity and adherence to clock time can become dominant cultural norms. We have found repeatedly in our own and others’ research that people tend to like coworkers with whom they feel naturally aligned on pace. Pace alignment is often what people feel when they express feeling “flow” or smoothness in an interaction.
In this study, for the first time, we have been able to link the synchrony preference to improved work performance. We have found that people who rate high on synchrony preference not only notice differences in pace with others, but are able to adjust their own behaviors and, in turn, collaborate more effectively with others in the process. This flexibility is clearly important in a world where constant reinvention is required; where getting things done depends on teamwork and collaboration; and where management, more often than not, crosses countries and cultures.
The Synchronous Leader
People who score high on both synchrony preference and time urgency tend to be better liked, and their contributions are more valued in team settings. They are also more likely to hold leadership positions within their teams. Further, controlling for national culture, we found that executives with high synchrony scores tend to view and experience themselves as interdependent with others, rather than independent, and are more open to new information and experiences and more amenable to multitasking.
These findings show that although effective leaders must be able to keep their teams on schedule and manage time effectively in order to meet deadlines (something at which time-urgent individuals excel), they also need to facilitate interpersonal interactions within these schedules to help employees function as a team (something at which individuals high on synchrony preference excel).
On the basis of our findings, we have developed a framework for teaching executives about the importance of temporal perception in management (see exhibit). We’ve identified four temporal leadership types, depicting the degree to which a leader is high or low on both the preference for timeliness (the time urgency measure) and the preference for social synchrony. It also describes how important adhering to self-pacing versus group pacing is considered by different types of leaders.

We find that the most successful leaders fall into the upper right quadrant (temporally agile leaders). Most striking, perhaps, our research suggests that a high score on timeliness is no longer enough to get to the C-suite. In fact, those who score high on timeliness but low on synchrony will find themselves limited in both roles and advancement in our high-speed culture. Those who are able to combine timeliness and synchrony are more likely to affiliate with others and to help them effectively, and less likely to show dominance, autonomy, and impulsivity. They can exhibit give and take. And when a team is under stress, these leaders can pull back to allow team members the kind of breathing room that will lead to long-term resilience.
by Sally Blount and Sophie Leroy

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Dinosaur-like creature Edit

Unidentified dinosaur

The painting

A painting of this spike-backed creature was observed by an Enterprise NX-01 away team on the wall of a 4,000-year-old building on an unnamed planet. It was in the same scene as a humanoid, suggesting that they coexisted. (ENT: "Vanishing Point")

The creature looks a bit like certain dinosaurs in the family of Stegosauridae.

Kyrian museum exhibits Edit

These non-humanoids were on display at the Museum of Kyrian Heritage, circa 3074. (VOY: "Living Witness")

M-113 carving lifeforms Edit

The ruins on the planet M-113 contained sculptures depicting a diverse range of creatures. (TOS: "The Man Trap")

Sarpeidon ice age animals Edit

These animals were the source of Zarabeth's food and clothing. Spock ate some of the animal flesh when he was stranded there with Leonard McCoy. (TOS: "All Our Yesterdays")


Anger Management

Patience is in short supply.  The many stresses that people are experiencing leave them feeling tense and therefore, having little flexibility for processing the irritating moments that are a part of every day.  The things that would normally be so insignificant that we would laugh at the situation if we were not under such pressure can become flash points of harsh reactions that are later embarrassing for us and perhaps wound others because of words spoken in anger.  Recently, I read an article about anger that I found very insightful.  Maybe you will too…..

Anger is an emotion that can range from mild annoyance to intense rage. It is a feeling that is accompanied by biological changes in your body. When you get angry, your heart rate and blood pressure rise and stress hormones are released. This can cause you to shake, become hot and sweaty and feel out of control.  When people have angry feelings, they often behave in angry ways too. Angry behaviors include yelling, throwing things, criticizing, ignoring, storming out, and sometimes withdrawing and doing nothing.

Why do we get angry? Anger is often associated with frustration – things don’t always happen the way we want and people don’t always behave the way we think they should. Anger is usually linked with other negative emotions or is a response to them. You may be feeling hurt, frightened, disappointed, worried, embarrassed or frustrated, but may express these sorts of feelings as anger. Anger can also result from misunderstandings or poor communication between people.

Men and women often, but not always, manage and express anger in different ways. With men, anger may be the primary emotion, as many men believe that anger is the more legitimate emotion to express in a situation. Often men find it harder to express the feelings underneath the anger, like hurt, sadness or grief. For women the reverse may often be true – the anger gets buried under tears.

Anger IS an indication of what is going on inside of us, but Paul warns: “In your anger, do not sin.” We often may feel that our emotion gives us license to act out. Some of us may even feel like venting is a good thing. We go off in a fit of rage, leaving a trail of destruction behind. We may vent our anger and feel better for a moment, but we soon regret the outburst and grieve over things said or actions taken. (Copied).

God made us to feel things deeply. When we love, we love intensely and those that we love know of our diligence to make them feel how very special they really are.  When we lose someone we love in death, we grieve with such passion that people can go days without sleeping and eating.  The depth of their grief is seemingly unrelenting.

The emotions we were given by God were giving to honor Him.  Anger is also a gift from God when it is harnessed by His righteousness.  In the hands of God, it is not used as a method of demonstrating our frustration.  Rather, it is the means to demonstrate that we are not happy over sin, rebellion, and rejection of God.  Anger that is harnessed to apply resistance to evil is a persistent weapon against unrighteousness.  That is anger “management” by Divine Design!


Week 15, Jets at Cowboys
4th-and-7, 4:49 remaining in 2nd quarter, Down by 6
The Cowboys punted on a 4th-and-7 on their 38. The NYT 4th Down Bot signs off on that.
If you disagree

The coach and I agree that punting is the thing to do here, but you may be thinking it makes sense to go for it. That would be the right call if you think the Cowboys’ chances of converting on fourth down are greater than 51 percent. But based on my analysis, I’d give the Cowboys only a 37 percent chance to get a first down here.

Here's the full breakdown of my calculations:

Option Chance of converting
Chance of winning
Before play
After play Change
Punt 23% 23% -
Go for it4th and 7, own 38 37% 23% 21% –2%
Field goal tryA really, really long kick <1% 23% 16% –7%
My decision in context

Along with some circuitry to come up with a win probability for every game situation, all you need to figure out what you should do next is an estimate of how likely you are to make a field goal or convert a first down.

My estimates for these are based on the results of thousands of similar plays, but you may think you're smarter than I am. This chart shows you how changing those estimates would change my recommendation.

What to do on 4th-and-7 on own 38
Down by 6 with 4:49 remaining in the 2nd quarter
What coaches usually do
Punt 96% of the time
Go for it 4% of the time
Field goal try -
Based on about 1,666 fourth downs in similar situations since 2001.
What happened

Chris Jones punts for 51 yards to NYJ11.

Where did these numbers come from?

To estimate a team’s chances of winning, I use a mathematical model that accounts for a whole lot of variables — including the difference in score, the time remaining in the game, and the number of timeouts each team has left. On top of that, I have models for the likelihood that a team makes a field goal and the likelihood that it will convert a first down.

By combining all of this information, I can come up with the best decision a team can make, according to math.

If you want even more details about the numbers behind my decisions, my full model is available on GitHub. Help make me better!


First Colony is unique in the Williamsburg area in that it is a non-gated community with a marina and beach on the James River, interior lake, competition-sized swimming pool, lighted tennis courts, park, fully equipped playground, and a baseball field.  Homes are a mix of traditional and transitional styles, many in a unique setting that is convenient to shopping, schools and historic Williamsburg.


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New method monitors critical bacteria in wastewater treatment

WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - Researchers have developed a new technique using sensors to constantly monitor the health of bacteria critical to wastewater treatment facilities and have verified a theory that copper is vital to the proper functioning of a key enzyme in the bacteria.

The new method senses minute changes in chemistry related to bacterial health and yields results immediately, unlike conventional technologies, which require laboratory analyses taking at least a day. This immediacy could make it possible to detect when bacteria are about to stop processing waste and correct the problem before toxins are released into waterways, said Eric McLamore, a postdoctoral research associate in civil engineering.

The technique also is a departure from conventional methods because established techniques require that bacterial "biofilms" be damaged or destroyed in order to be tested.

"It's important to monitor intact living specimens to obtain accurate data, and our approach is both non-invasive and a real-time technique," said Marshall Porterfield, an associate professor of agricultural and biological engineering.

Findings will be detailed in the Feb. 15 issue of the journal Biotechnology and Bioengineering. McLamore, Porterfield and M. Katherine Banks, head of the School of Civil Engineering and a professor of civil engineering, wrote the paper, which is being highlighted in the journal's "spotlight" section.

The biofilms are a matrix of wastewater-treatment organisms that coat natural or synthetic surfaces. A healthy population of the bacteria must be maintained for wastewater treatment facilities to operate properly, McLamore said.

The researchers used the method to study a type of bacterium called Nitrosomonas europaea. The microorganisms are referred to as nitrifying bacteria because they convert toxic ammonia from human wastes and fertilizer runoff into compounds called nitrites, which are further broken down by other bacteria into harmless nitrogen gas.

Sensor data reveal how well the bacteria are absorbing ions, or electrically charged atoms and molecules, from the wastes. The "filtering flux sensor" measures ammonia and nitrite to reveal the ion flux, or how many ions are being transported into and out of the biofilm per minute.

"When bacterial biofilms are poisoned, sick and stressed they start to release ions, including potassium and calcium, which is an early warning signal," Porterfield said. "The bacteria in wastewater treatment facilities often detach from surfaces, causing not only the loss of bacteria that are the foundation of the wastewater treatment system but also the uncontrolled flushing of untreated wastes into waterways.

"So if you can catch those signals, if you can detect those ions being released in real time you can develop a remediation strategy to note that they are stressed and try to get them back."

The sensor probe moves robotically back and forth every three seconds, enabling the device to capture data in two locations.

The method is called self-referencing because it compares the difference between measurements taken in two positions with the same sensor. Using a single sensor to constantly take measurements in two locations is critical for revealing rapid changes in concentration. Since individual sensors have slightly differing performance, comparing data from two different sensors does not yield precise results.

"This type of sensor isn't new, but the technique for using it is," McLamore said. "Sensors have never been used this way to measure biofilm ammonia and nitrite flux. Self referencing has been used in other applications but never in environmental studies."

The same method also could be used to monitor other bacteria and different ions.

"We can use this self-referencing method on many compounds that exist in liquids," McLamore said. "We are using this technique to monitor other ions produced by Nitrosomonas europaea and also by other species of bacteria. Real environments contain mixed cultures of all sorts of different bacteria species, and we want to use our method to monitor these."

A specific enzyme in Nitrosomonas europaea converts the ammonia to nitrite. The researchers used their new technique to verify a theory proposed decades ago that copper at the enzyme's "active site" where ammonia binds is critical to enabling the conversion.

The researchers tested the theory by using chemicals to repeatedly alter the copper to another form and then change it back to its normal state, effectively turning the bacteria on and off.

"There has been mostly speculation in the literature that copper was even at the site," Porterfield said. "So, by doing an experiment where we can turn biochemical switches on and off in the bacteria we have validated the fact that copper is indeed at the active site, while at the same time demonstrating the power of this monitoring technique."

The copper findings could lead to ways of enhancing wastewater treatment by adding or reducing copper concentration in response to changing conditions.

"There are probably also numerous applications for this technique besides wastewater treatment," McLamore said.

The research was conducted at the Bindley Bioscience Center in Purdue's Discovery Park. The system is being tested on bacteria grown in laboratory "bioreactors."

Contact: Emil Venere
Purdue University

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The most innovative skyscrapers of the future

eVolo Magazine announced the winners of the 2014 Skyscraper Competition. The 2014 edition marks the ninth anniversary of the competition established in 2006 to recognize outstanding ideas for vertical living through the novel use of technology, materials, programs, aesthetics, and spatial organizations.

eVolo Magazine received 525 projects from 43 countries in all continents. The Jury, formed by leaders of the architecture and design fields selected 3 winners and 20 honorable mentions.

The first place was awarded to Yong Ju Lee from the United States for his project “Vernacular Versatility”. The proposal reinterprets traditional Korean architecture in a contemporary mixed-use high-rise.

The second place was awarded to Mark Talbot and Daniel Markiewicz from the United States for his project “Car and Shell: or Marinetti’s Monster” which proposes a city in the sky for Detroit, MI.

The recipients of the third place are YuHao Liu and Rui Wu from Canada for their project “Propagate Skyscraper” that investigates the structural use of carbon dioxide in skyscrapers.

Some of the honorable mentions include a skyscraper that filters the air of polluted cities, a sky village for Los Angeles, a 3D printed tower in the desert, and a vertical transportation hub among other innovative projects.

Vernacular Versatility

Hanok is the named used to describe a traditional Korean house. A Hanok is defined by its exposed wooden structural system and tiled roof. The curved edge of the roof can be adjusted to control the amount of sunlight entering the house while the core structural element is a wooden connection named Gagu. The Gagu is located below the main roof system where the column meets the beam and girder and it is fastened without the need of any additional parts such as nails – this connection is one of the main aesthetic characteristics of traditional Korean architecture.

Car And Shell Skyscraper: Or Marinetti’s Monster

This project proposes a city in the sky for Detroit, MI. The new city is conceived as a vertical suburban neighborhood equipped with recreational and commercial areas where three main grids (streets, pedestrian pathways, and structure) are intertwined to create a box-shaped wireframe. Traditional and contemporary houses and other diverse programs plug in the structure to create a rich vertical urban fabric.

Propagate Skyscraper: Carbon Dioxide Structure

Carbon capture is an emerging practice aimed at obtaining and containing greenhouse gases to mitigate their net availability in the atmosphere. However, existing carbon capture practices use the method of point capture, catching carbon gases at the source, requiring a significant initial investment in additional facilities, infrastructure, and maintenance of underground storage. Hence, the implementation of point capture method may directly and indirectly contribute to a significant sum of greenhouse gases through construction, material production and processing, in addition to the contingencies associated with underground storage.

Sand Babel: Solar-Powered 3D Printed Tower

Sand Babel is a group of ecological structures designed as scientific research facilities and tourist attractions for the desert. The structures are divided into two parts. The first part, above ground, consists of several independent structures for a desert community while the second part is partially underground and partially above ground connecting several buildings and creating a multi-functional tube network system.

Climatology Tower

If you feel ill, you seek medical assistance. If the city is sick, what should we do? The Climatology Tower is a proposed skyscraper designed as a research center that evaluates urban meteorology and corrects the environment through mechanical engineering. The skyscraper analyses microclimates within cities as a result of the use of industrial materials, the accumulation of buildings, and the scarceness of open spaces.

A cylindrical matrix of super tall structure centered on an electromagnetic vertical accelerator to eliminate the hydrocarbon dependency of aircraft during takeoff. The radical re-interpretation of the skyscraper format provides hyper density in an organic and adaptive habitat

Hyper-Speed Vertical Train Hub

The cinematic vision of hyper speed rail was once a phenomenon. However, nations from around the world from the USA to UK are again consolidating futuristic proposals for an advanced public transport network, to maximize the economic growth of their cities.

Rainforest Guardian Skyscraper

The Rainforest Guardian Skyscraper consists of a water tower, a forest fire station, a weather station, and scientific research and education laboratories. It stands still at the Amazon’s frontier, preventing fires effectively by capturing rainwater in the rainy season and irrigating the land in the dry season.

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Achilles Tendonitis

calf muscleAchilles Tendonitis

The tendon at the back of our heel is the Achilles tendon. If the tendon becomes inflamed it is called Achilles tendonitis.

This can happen when the calf muscle which is attached to the tendon is overused either by an increase of a sport such as running tennis or dancing or a change of surface this activity is carried out on or a change in the footwear that is worn.

The problem can sometimes occur in cyclists if their saddle is too low.

The main sign you will experience if you have this problem is pain over the tendon when you move the ankle especially with strenuous activity and it will be tender to touch.

Depending on the area of the tendon affected and the severity of the tendonitis will govern how effective conservative treatment will be.

Conservative treatment can include anti-inflammatory treatment, rest, ice, specific exercise regime (this can be provided by your Osteopath) or correction of foot imbalance if this is the cause.

Not all types of Achilles tendonitis will respond to these treatments and surgery may be needed. It should also be checked that the tendon has not ruptured as this could also require a surgical repair.


January has brought us the wonderful, engaging stories of folklore. Students are finding commonalities in these retold stories such as the use of the numbers 3, 7, and 12, animal characters, repetition of actions, and lessons learned. We’ve looked at American folklore and stories from Russia, Canada, Africa, and India. Having a trickster character who gets tricked by an unsuspecting or trustworthy character (or so we thought!) has been an interesting element of this genre. Students now expect this and are a little more in tune with understanding these tales. We will continue reading various folk tales, including porquoi tales.

Comparing objects or ideas and finding their relationship provided some deep thinking this week. Students looked closely at analogies to identify their relationship. This sparked much conversation! We’ll continue exploring analogies and create some of our own.

Students have various knowledge of multiplication. Some know their basic facts pretty well while others draw groups or need to write multiples. A circles and stars activity challenged everyone with their facts! Using dice (6-sided or a 12-sided dodecahedron) students rolled a die to determine the amount of circles and then rolled the second die to find the number of stars to draw within the circles. Then they created number models. After 7 rounds, they totaled their stars to see who had the largest number. Another activity was to be “candy box designers” who had to create different size boxes to fit 12 and 24 chocolates. Using arrays, students created “boxes” to fit delicious imaginary chocolates. Not only did this help us with our math facts, it made us hungry for chocolate!

Using U.S. geographical places or symbols as names, our new groups now carry the monikers of Jamestown, the Liberty Bell, the Mammoth Caves, and Narragansett Bay.

Trying to live more thoughtfully and write more freely

Teaching from an Empty Nest

Thoughts on teaching, teacher self-care and empty nesting.

steps in the literacy journey

Walking the Path to Literacy Together

Angelina's Garden

The journey of mothering, teaching, and living through an Orthodox Christian lens

A Time To Write

Thoughts that may take you on a journey...

you can only lead as far as you grow


rigid system of levers, production of soft viscera, storage depot for Ca and P, and houses hemopoetic tissue
What are the functions of bony skeleton?
What is the end of a long bone called?
What is the long part of the long bone called?
What is the cone shaped region that changes shape as we grow?
plates (inner and outer) and diploe (center)
What are the main parts of a flat bone?
more open spaces
What is significant of cancellous (spongy) bone?
less open spaces
What is significant of compact bone?
What do osteoblasts differentiate into?
osteoid, matrix vesicles, cytokines and growth factors
What do active osteoblasts synthesize and secrete?
What is the organic portion of the matrix called?
matrix vesicles (alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes)
What are needed for calcification of matrix?
Inactive osteoblasts
What are squamous cells on the bone surface waiting to become active?
What are surrounded by bone ECM and have numerous cytoplasmic processes such as communication, metabolic exchange, and gap junctions?
maintain matrix through production and resporption, Ca exchange, and respond to changes in mechanical forces
What are the functions of osteoclasts?
What are spaces containing cell bodies?
What are spaces containing cytoplasmic processes?
What may revert back to an active osteoblast?
What are multi-nucleated giant cells responsible for bone resorption?
mononuclear phagocytic system
Where do osteoclasts belong to?
enzyme secretion, proton pumps to form an acidic environment, and degrade bone matrix
What are the functions of osteoclasts?
resorption bays and resorption canals
What are the spaces called where osteoclasts are found?
bone remodeling
Functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are linked during what process?
organic, inorganic
The bone ECM is 50% _____ and 50 % _____.
organic matrix
What part of the ECM is 95% type I collagen fibers, layered parallel within a layer but alternating directions between layers?
PGs, GPs
The organic matrix has ___ such as GAGs like CS and KS and ____ such as osteonectin and osteocalcin.
Organic GP that is multiadhesive?
Organic GP that is calcium binding?
tissue hydration, regulate fiber formation and mineralization, and cell / matrix interactions (metabolism and organization)
What are the functions of PGs and GPs in the organic bone ECM?
enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, chemical signaling molecules
What are the "leftover" ingredients of the organic ECM?
Calcium and Phosphorus
What are the main inorganic constituents of the matrix?
Hydroxyapatite crystals
What are plates along collagen fibers and surrounded by a hydration shell (fluid bound to crystals)?
soft bone
With out non-crystalline minerals what would bone be?
remove organic and inorganic components (if minerals were non-crystalline bone would be less rigid)
What is the role of ECM components?
Lamellar bone
What type of bone is highly ordered, has layers, is mature / secondary, and replaces woven bone?
Woven bone
What type of bone is primary and immature and lacks layers?
Compact lamellar bone
What type of bone has osteon (haversarian system) with a central canal housing blood vessels and nerves?
The central canal is lined by what? It means layer of osteoblasts.
Outer and inner circumferential lamellae
What parts of compact lamellar bone do not need osteon structure because there are vessels on the surface and they have no central canal?
interstitial lamellae
What are space between osteons that are leftover from the remodeling process?
Perforating (Volkmann's) canals
What have blood vessels in them going to the central canal?
efficiency (transfer of metabolies and wastes) and strength of bone in multiple directions (from alternating angles, good for tension and torsion)
What is the significance of layered arrangement in lamellar bone?
Spongy lamellar bone
What has trabeculae with alternating layers of bone matrix and cells, cavities between trabeculae filled with highly vascularized bone marrow, and haversarian systems are infrequent?
Woven bone
What type of bone is embryonic and in fracture repair and lacks organization?
less, greater
Compared to lamellar bone, woven bone has _____ mineral content and _____ cell conentration.
What lines the outer surface of bone?
outer fibrous layer
What part of periosteum contains dense connective tissue?
inner osteogenic layer
What part of the periosteum contains osteoprogenitor cells? These can differentiate to osteoblasts and chondroblasts.
vessels and nerve endings (including nociceptors)
The periosteum also contains what?
Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
What are collagen fibers that bind periosteum to bone and are numerous at tendon and ligament attachments?
What is a single layer of osteogenic cells lining ALL interior surfaces of bone?
Some nerve fibers are in Haversian canals but there are no ______.
Where are nociceptors in bone?
nutrient, metaphyseal, epiphyseal, and periosteal vessels
Name the four bone vessel types.
Bone is derived from where?
Condensations of _____ form the earliest primordia of all bone.
intramembranous and endochondral ossification
What are the two pathways from initial mesenchyme primordium to bone?
intramembranous ossification
What is direct replacement of mesenchymal condensation?
Endochondral ossification
What is the intermediate hyaline cartilage model?
The only difference between ossification in bone developed from a membranous model and in bone developed from a cartilaginous model is the ______ in which ossification occurs.
intramembranous ossification
Through what ossification type does the development of flat bone occur?
sheets of mesenchyme
In flat bones the development of primary ossification centers occurs within what?
highly vascularized and differentiation of cells to osteogenic cells to osteoblasts
In the primary ossification center of flat bones, what is important?
plates and spicules of bone
Osteoblasts secrete osteoid which becomes ossified and forms what?
osteocytes, osteoblasts
After plates are formed cells become ______. Some cells on surface become additional ____ and process continues.
capillaries, bone marrow cells, undifferentiated cells
Spaces between plates and spicules contain what?
some areas spaces fill in > compact bone, others are cancellous bone
What happens with thickening of bony spicules?
What is the process of woven bone turning to lamellar bone?
Development of ossification centers, formation of plates / spicules, spaces between plates, additional ossification centers form, thickening of plates, and remodeling
What are the 6 steps in development of flat bones?
combo of both
What ossification is used to develop long bones?
intramembranous ossification
Part of long bone development where bone forms under periosteum and the periosteal band (bony collar) is formed?
Endochondral ossification
Part of long bone ossification where remainder of long bone is formed and bone replaces hyaline cartilage?
hypertrophy, resorb matrix, degenerate
Within the bony collar during endochondral ossification condrocytes do what? Also calcification of residual matrix occurs.
periosteal (osteogenic) bud
Where osteoclasts penetrate bony collar and blood vessels grow and osteogenic cells migrate into opening created by osteoclasts?
What secrete osteoid over calcified cartilage matrix?
This process occurs in the primary ossification center and is a combo or resorption and formation, increased density of bone along outer margin, and formation of marrow cavity.
Bone formation continues toward each epiphysis forming the entire _____.
expansion of cartilage
Increased bone length comes from what?
What are the secondary ossification centers?
epiphyseal cartilage plate
This is the cartilage between primary and secondary ossification centers where most of the growth in length of long bones occurs.
Zone of reserve cartilage
What is the resting zone of the long bone?
Zone of cell proliferation
What zone of the long bone has expansion of cartilage and increases length?
Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
What is the long bone zone where cartilage matrix is resorbed, cells accumulate glycogen, there is some addition to overall length, and a thin septa of matrix remain?
Zone of cartilage calcification
What is the long bone zone where remaining cartilage matrix is calcified, calcium and alkaline phosphate, and chondrocyte apoptosis?
Zone of ossification
What is the long bone zone where much of cartilage matrix and cells are removed, capillaries invade, osteoblasts deposit osteoid over calcified cartilage, and there is ossification of osteoid?
Epiphyseal plate
Where does growth in length occur?
under periosteum bone is removed on marrow surface
How is bone marrow cavity diameter increased?
Constant remodeling
What is necessary to maintain the appropriate shape of the long bone?
Compact bone
Where is there layers of osteons added from outside inward and central canal size decreases?
Internal reorganization
Primary haversarian systems > Secondary haversarian systems
loading patterns and nutrition
What is important for bone remodeling throughout life?
Bone contains 99% of the body's _____.
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
What regulate blood calcium levels?
parathyroid hormone
What increases bone removal, therefore increasing action of osteoclasts?
This incomplete calcification of bone occurs in chilren where bone is easily deformed and there is a decreased rate of bone growth.
This incomplete calcification of bone occurs in adults where deficient calcification of newly formed bone occurs, partial decalcification of older matrix, and decreased Ca per unit of bone matrix.
Insufficient dietary Ca or Vitamin D
What causes incomplete calcification of bone?
Is osteomalacia the same as osteoporosis?
Growth hormone
What increases liver production of insulin like growth factor?
Excessive growth hormone before fusion of growth plates?
Excessive growth hormone after fusion of growth plates?
estrogens and androgens
What generally stimulate bone formation and suppress bone removal?
What are used to treat RA and enhance removal of bone and decrease action of osteoblasts?
Mechanical stimuli
What increase bone formation and stimulate osteoblasts?


Birdie Shirt Dress. GC-D-10
Birdie Shirt Dress. GC-D-10
Birdie Shirt Dress. GC-D-10
Birdie Shirt Dress. GC-D-10

Birdie Shirt Dress. GC-D-10

Regular price 2,500.00 Rs

Dress: Whether you let your hair down or tie up a pony for your office affairs, our Birdie Shirt Dress will take you every where!

This dabu print dress features a cute birdie on collar which adds a breath of fresh air to the outfit and to help you sail through the day are our favorite "POCKETS" with hand embroidery.

The dress comes with lining to take your comfort level up a notch. Pair it up with shoes and a cover up and you are all set to let your hair loose :)

Wear it with a cute necklace and boots for a funky contrast.

 Color: Blue

Fabric: Cotton

Wash Instructions- Dry clean only.

Variations in color and patterns are inherent characteristics of handmade products and are not defects.
The colour of the product may slightly vary due to device digitisation and screen/monitor settings.
Shipping Info- Dispatched in a maximum of 3 business days

Please refer to the sizing below before placing your order, and select the desired size from variants. These are body measurements and the garment will have slight ease depending on the design.

XSMALL: Bust = 32″(81cm) ; Waist = 26″(61 cm) ; Hips = 34″(86cm) ; Length:45"

SMALL: Bust = 34″ (86cm) ; Waist = 28″ (66cm) ; Hips = 36″ (91 cm) ; Length:45"

MEDIUM: Bust = 36″ (91 cm) ; Waist = 30″ (71 cm) ; Hips = 38″ (96 cm) ; Length : 45"

LARGE: Bust = 38″ (96 cm) ; Waist = 32″ (76 cm); Hips = 40″ (101 cm) ; Length : 45"

X LARGE: Bust = 40″ (101cm) ; Waist = 34″ (81cm) ; Hips = 42″ (106cm) ; Length : 45"

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For example, to keep the same standard of living that would require €2,300 in Angers you would need to make just about €1,102 (Bs 80,388,069) in Cumaná.

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Basic dinner out in neighborhood pub

in Angers?

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Dr. Mona Lisa Schulz - What would you say to other practicing doctors who write off intuition?

Read Transcript

People have been arguing about intuition for centuries, but you know what? People don't know they use it, even physicians. Physicians use right brain intuition, coupled with left brain intellect every single moment. Everybody has intuition, it's an A part of our brain and body. It helps us make decisions, complete decisions everyday, when we have insufficient information.


Three Important Tips To Learn A New Second Language

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When we are born and bought up in a family, we are bound to learn our home language without much trouble as we are exposed to it. If we are lucky enough to be exposed to more than one language we will be picking it up as well but unfortunately not most of us are going to be knowing a second language that easily. In circumstances like this, the best thing we can do in situations such as this is to try and learn a language by ourselves. Many people might wonder what the point is of learning a second language if you already know one, but there are so many benefits of knowing a second or third language. Important and respected languages of the world such as English and mandarin are something that we must all know because as the two mostly spoken languages in the world we run in to no matter where we go. In order to build a career and go forward in life doing what we want, a language such as English is vital. So here are some tips to learn a new language.

Hire a proper tutor
As we all know with advanced technology being available to us we can easily manage to do our tutoring online. Whether you want to take ielts courses or just normal English lessons for various reasons, you have the ability to make use of services that are available online to us. But you have to make sure that when you are doing so, to pick the best tutor with the right kinds of qualifications there are. If not, you might not be getting the standard lessons to learn a language.

Keep practicing
Even in ielts training you are supposed to train and practice in order to grasp a language like English. Even if you are getting twenty lessons online in one week, you are not going to be able to know the language to its depth unless you practice it. So make sure that you are talking or practicing the new language with other people who know the language as well. This way you grasp the flow of the language and will be able to understand it much faster and easily.

Manage time
Some people think that one lesson per week is going to be enough and while there might be exceptional cases, it is not wise to do this. Let the tutors do their lessons as often as they and you both can so you are getting a good deal for your money as well. For more information, please click here.tesol-class


Jordan and Suleimani’s Endeavours!

By Mohammad Aburumman

  • Mohammad Aburumman

Iranian media and news agencies yesterday, Tuesday, published images of the leader of the Quds legion, Qasim Suleimani, near the Iraqi-Syrian borderline, west of Mosul.

The pictures showed him leading thousands of Fatimid Legion soldiers, the Shiite Afghani faction, into Syria, near Boukamal, in an obvious attempt to beat the International Coalition’s forces in the race for control over the Badia region.

In the meantime, the regular Syrian army, backed by pro-government militias, is encircling the US "red line", 50 km from Tanf, to secure access to the Iraqi borders.

Tanf, the official crossing between Iraq and Syria, was turned into a base for opposition forces under the supervision and protection of the western Coalition.

At a similar distance from Tanf, particularly 70 km, opposition factions announced the establishment of a new base in Zkuf, to prep for ISIS, and size-down Iran’s influence in Syria.

One of the Coalition’s main objectives in Tanf was to block Iran’s access to the Mediterranean, via the strategic Tehran-Baghdad-Damascus route.

However, it seems the Iranian military strategists know exactly how to put these plans to shame.

Suleimani and the Iranians are fully aware of the US plans; they have leverage in Iraq and Syria, and have exquisite knowledge of the terrain.

They have all the power cards in both countries, and they will now allow anyone to disrupt their march, now that they’re so close to their close.

Meanwhile, the Syrian regular army’s campaign on Daraa is intensifying.

It seems too that the Syrian regime is determined to make the Syrian=Jordanian border, and isolate the town from its outskirts.

Such a military advancement will inhibit the founding of a low-tension area or safe zone in the Syrian South, as the Russians sit it out, quietly, despite initial agreements.

In previous articles, we spoke about Jordan’s choices, in regards to the underway campaign on Daraa.

It is still unclear as to whether Jordan will suffice with supporting armed opposition indirectly, or perhaps get more deeply involved now that Iran has shown its claws.

Iran really doesn’t want the safe-zone proposition to work.

So, will Jordan simply let the Iranian Revolutionary Guard take control of the borders?

How the Jordanians and Americans intend to tackle this issue is unclear to me.

However, what is clear is that Iran is determined to take the Syrian borderlines with both Iraq and Jordan, in an outright rejection of the Safe-Zones proposition.

To us here, in Amman, it would have been very different had the regular Syrian Army been leading the Daraa offensive.

Likewise, were it definite to the question of Syria’s unity, it would have been understandable to the officials here.

It is clear to the Jordanian leadership that the one in charge of the military operations there is Qasem Suleimani, and he really doesn’t like the Safe-Zones proposition.

Notably, the alternative to the proposition is chaos and war, and ultimately more refugees heading for the border, culminating more pressures on Jordan.

Notwithstanding the humanitarian calamity at stake, much of the unfolding which will follow has a lot to do with the core of Jordan’s national security.

Initial signs indicate the crossings clashes in the last few days will intensify as the ongoing battles build momentum.

What remains for Jordan is to think well about how the Kingdom is going to approach the Suleiman militias question.

Is Jordan going to maintain a detached and mediated dynamic via the Americans, or are we going to engage them directly in open dialogue, to help clarify our interests and concerns.

Similarly, we will learn what their plans are.

Strategic and security interests come in first for Jordan, as there are four South Syrian governorates along the North Jordanian borderline.

These include Homs, Sweidaa, and Damascus, throughout the Badia outskirts, as well as Daraa and Qunaitra in the South.

Each of these provinces and governorates, almost, is divided among rival factions who are not into the power sharing game.


The Dragon is a non-player character from Final Fantasy: The 4 Heroes of Light. The dragon is the only method of aerial transportation within the game. It is the last of its kind, due to the fact the mother dragon was killed.

Story Edit

The Dragon is first mentioned by Rekoteh in Invidia when Brandt and Jusqua are looking for a way to reach Spelvia. Rekoteh tells the two that they must hatch the dragon egg in town to fly to Spelvia. The group examines the egg and determines either the Firaga spell or a Mythril Hammer may hatch it. The items they obtained showed no results and the group is forced to go get the Dragon Harp.

The party goes into the Invidia Underground and obtain the Dragon Harp. The group plays the Dragon Harp and hatch the dragon. When the dragon is hatched, it mistakes Brandt for its mother. After, the dragon flies the three to Spelvia. After the party defeats Rolan, they may ride the dragon on the world map.

Spoilers end here.

Musical themes Edit

The Dragon's main musical theme is "Riding on the Dragon" (ドラゴンに乗って, Doragon ni notte?). The track can be found in the original soundtrack as Track 27 and is composed by Naoshi Mizuta.

Gallery Edit

Etymology Edit


Compromised vascular perfusion is a major factor associated with progression of many disease states, failure of tissue/organ transplants, and complications related to wound repair. At present, cell-based vasculogenesis strategies involving endothelial precursors continue to show promise but suffer from suboptimal delivery strategies that promote localization, survival, and predictable guidance of vessel formation by therapeutic cells. Furthermore, definition of essential therapeutic cell attributes is lacking and likely contributes to observed variability in preclinical and clinical outcomes. The long-term goal of the proposed work is to develop a collagen- based, cell-delivery matrix that predictably induces three-dimensional (3D) vessel formation through tunable biophysical, vascular-inductive features. The proposed work uniquely interfaces an innovative collagen polymer engineering approach that focuses on naturally-occurring collagen intermolecular cross-links and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC), a specific population of endothelial precursors defined by their high proliferative and vessel forming capacities. The proposal objective is to define how cross-links modulate collagen assembly and define specific matrix biophysical features that can be tuned for guiding ECFC vessel formation in vitro and in vivo. The proposed activities involve three aims 1) Define how the intermolecular cross-link composition of collagen polymers modulates the molecular assembly of collagen-fibril matrices and contributes to tunability of fibril- and matrix-level biophysical features known to be important to vessel morphogenesis;2) Define how fibril- and matrix-level design features including, fibril density, interfibril branching, stiffness, and biodegradability work independently and interdependently to modulate early- and late-stage processes of ECFC vessel formation in vitro and in vivo;and 3) Define critical nodes within the matrix-integrin-cytoskeleton signaling axis, including 21-integrin, FAK, Cdc42, and MT1-MMP and their roles as molecular mechanisms by which ECFC sense and respond to matrix biophysical cues and potential pathways to modulate vessel formation. Purified collagen polymers, specified in terms of their intermolecular cross-link composition, will be isolated and prepared from pig skin and tendon. Both collagen concentration and cross-link composition will be systematically varied to define how these polymerization parameters alter assembly kinetics and biophysical properties of resultant matrices. These collagens will then be used to suspend ECFC to define how specific matrix biophysical features affect vessel formation and persistence in vitro and in vivo. Finally, experiments involving outside-in and inside-out perturbation strategies will be conducted to identify critical nodes of signaling mechanisms by which ECFC sense, prioritize, and respond to matrix biophysical cues. Collectively, the knowledge and perspective gained is expected to significantly impact tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by refining how collagens are characterized, standardized, and applied to the rationale design of vascular-inductive matrices.

Public Health Relevance

Our innovative and multidisciplinary approach will provide the first in-depth study documenting how intermolecular cross-links constitute a valid collagen polymer design parameter for tuning matrix biophysical properties known to be important to vessel morphogenesis. The interface of a novel set of collagen building blocks with the high proliferative potential and vessel forming capacity of endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) is expected to positively impact the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by providing 1) novel collagen-based, delivery matrices designed to polymerize in situ so to localize human ECFC and provide them with customizable biophysical vascular-inductive cues and 2) vascularized tissue modules to support development and production of clinical-scale engineered tissue/organ replacements.

National Institute of Health (NIH)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
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Bioengineering, Technology and Surgical Sciences Study Section (BTSS)
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Lundberg, Martha
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Purdue University
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West Lafayette
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Buno, Kevin P; Chen, Xuemei; Weibel, Justin A et al. (2016) In Vitro Multitissue Interface Model Supports Rapid Vasculogenesis and Mechanistic Study of Vascularization across Tissue Compartments. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:21848-60
Kim, Hyojin; Prasain, Nutan; Vemula, Sasidhar et al. (2015) Human platelet lysate improves human cord blood derived ECFC survival and vasculogenesis in three dimensional (3D) collagen matrices. Microvasc Res 101:72-81
Kim, Hyojin; Huang, Lan; Critser, Paul J et al. (2015) Notch ligand Delta-like 1 promotes in vivo vasculogenesis in human cord blood-derived endothelial colony forming cells. Cytotherapy 17:579-92
Park, Seungman; Whittington, Catherine; Voytik-Harbin, Sherry L et al. (2015) Microstructural parameter-based modeling for transport properties of collagen matrices. J Biomech Eng 137:061003
Yoder, Mervin C (2015) Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into endothelial cells. Curr Opin Hematol 22:252-7
Prasain, Nutan; Lee, Man Ryul; Vemula, Sasidhar et al. (2014) Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to cells similar to cord-blood endothelial colony-forming cells. Nat Biotechnol 32:1151-7
Richardson, Matthew R; Robbins, Emilie P; Vemula, Sasidhar et al. (2014) Angiopoietin-like protein 2 regulates endothelial colony forming cell vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis 17:675-83
Kim, Seung Joon; Wan, Qiaoqiao; Cho, Eunhye et al. (2014) Matrix rigidity regulates spatiotemporal dynamics of Cdc42 activity and vacuole formation kinetics of endothelial colony forming cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 443:1280-5
Yoder, Mervin C (2013) Endothelial progenitor cell: a blood cell by many other names may serve similar functions. J Mol Med (Berl) 91:285-95
Whittington, Catherine F; Yoder, Mervin C; Voytik-Harbin, Sherry L (2013) Collagen-polymer guidance of vessel network formation and stabilization by endothelial colony forming cells in vitro. Macromol Biosci 13:1135-49

Showing the most recent 10 out of 17 publications


学術雑誌論文 Astrocyte calcium waves propagate proximally by gap junction and distally by extracellular diffusion of ATP released from volume-regulated anion channels

Fujii, Yuki  ,  Maekawa, Shohei  ,  Morita, Mitsuhiro

7p.13115 , 2017-10-13 , Nature Publishing Group
Wave-like propagation of [Ca2+](i) increases is a remarkable intercellular communication characteristic in astrocyte networks, intercalating neural circuits and vasculature. Mechanically-induced [Ca2+](i) increases and their subsequent propagation to neighboring astrocytes in culture is a classical model of astrocyte calcium wave and is known to be mediated by gap junction and extracellular ATP, but the role of each pathway remains unclear. Pharmacologic analysis of time-dependent distribution of [Ca2+](i)revealed three distinct [Ca2+](i) increases, the largest being in stimulated cells independent of extracellular Ca2+ and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release. In addition, persistent [Ca2+](i) increases were found to propagate rapidly via gap junctions in the proximal region, and transient [Ca2+](i) increases were found to propagate slowly via extracellular ATP in the distal region. Simultaneous imaging of astrocyte [Ca2+](i) and extracellular ATP, the latter of which was measured by an ATP sniffing cell, revealed that ATP was released within the proximal region by volume-regulated anion channel in a [Ca2+](i) independent manner. This detailed analysis of a classical model is the first to address the different contributions of two major pathways of calcium waves, gap junctions and extracellular ATP.

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Axiom Cyber Intelligence: GDPR and cyber security go hand in hand

In a speech at the CBI Cyber Security Conference Elizabeth Denham, The Information Commissioner, described data protection and cyber security as being ‘inextricably linked’.

Here we explore why these two disciplines have such a close relationship.

The association between GDPR and Cyber Security is laid out in Article 5 of the General Data Protection Regulation. Article 5 outlines six core principles for the handling of personal data such as having a lawful basis to hold the personal data and retaining it only for as long as is necessary.  The sixth principle however, clearly states the requirement for personal data to be processed securely.

GDPR equally requires that security be given greater consideration when data controllers appoint a data processor.

The data controller determines the purposes and means of processing.

The data processor processes the personal data on behalf of the controller.

Under GDPR the data controller is required to trust only those processors who provide sufficient guarantees and controls as to their own GDPR compliance, including appropriate technical and organisational (security) measures.

Quite rightly, why would you trust an organisation with YOUR data unless you are happy then can protect it effectively?

An indication that any organisation is taking security seriously at a basic level is the Cyber Essentials badge.  Data controllers should consider this a minimum standard, or even start to insist organisations in their supply chain get certified?

Firstly, organisations must look at what personal data is being held and for what reason is it held? If you no longer NEED the information delete it in a secure manner.

Secondly, organisations need to look at how they hold the personal data, and what security is in place to protect it.

Finally, where an organisation identifies gaps in cyber security, whether it is a technical issue e.g. no firewall or an organisational issue, such as insufficient policies and procedure to support the data security, they need to respond. Organisations need to step up and fill the gaps to protect the personal data they control and process.

Good governance standards will also support your organisation in terms of appropriate ‘technical and organisational measures’.  Be it the international standard ISMS 27001 or Cyber Essentials, both will help guide your business towards effective practice and improved resilience.

As you can see, data protection and cyber security are “inextricably linked’. Consequently, cyber security has a huge impact towards your own GDPR compliance, suitable cyber security measures will not only support your GDPR compliance but could also help facilitate new business opportunities.

If you have any questions or we can help you to conduct a gap analysis of where your business is currently positioned with GDPR and Cyber Security, please get in touch.

Axiom Cyber Intelligence
0333 355 8553

Axiom Cyber Intelligence is a sponsor of’s Business Masters Awards 2018.  Axiom is sponsoring the Medium Business category for the events in the West Midlands, Yorkshire and the North West.


George Wheler

A Journey into Greece (London, 1682)

(Thomas Phillips, 1848)

George - later Sir George - Wheler (1650-1723) travelled to Greece and Asia Minor in 1675-6 with Dr Jacob Spon of Lyons (1647-85). The two share the distinction of being the first to travel to mainland Greece with the primary intention of studying anitiquities. Their journey began in June 1675 at Venice, and took them down the Adriatic to Zant (Zakynthos), visiting several places en route, including Split [cf. no.13]. From Zant they travelled on round the Peloponnese and up through the Aegean to Constantinople. After a stay there and a tour in Asia Minor, they returned to Zant and proceeded overland to Athens where they stayed for just over a month in January and February 1676, making excursions to other places in the vicinity. From Athens they tried to travel to Northern Greece, but after a while they were defeated by the weather. They split up, and Spon proceeded home fairly swiftly via Zant and Venice. Wheler moved more slowly, and reached England in November 1676, going straight to Canterbury to thank God for his safe return.

Spon got into print first with his Voyage d'Italie, de Dalmatie, de Grece et du Levant (3 vols, Lyon, 1678; 2 vols, Amstedam, 1679), which was also translated into Italian (1681). It was to forestall a possible further translation into English that Wheler wrote his own account of their travels. He has been accused of plagiarism, since his work draws heavily on Spon; but he also adds material of his own, especially zoological and much botanical information.

Wheler's account had a great impact in England. The overwhelming impression from it is that Athens itself was the high point. The pair visited all the monuments, which Wheler found better than any except those of Rome:

As to the eminent Monuments of Antiquity, yet remaining at Athens, I dare prefer them before any place in the World, Rome only excepted. Therefore I will in the next place consider them, giving you the best and truest Account my Observations will enable me; beginning our survey, first, with the Acropolis, or Castle; being situated in the midst of the rest, and the most antient and eminent Part of Athens. (p.357)

Of the buildings on the Acropolis, it is the Parthenon which, not unnaturally, receives most attention. At the time of Wheler and Spon's visit, it was still relatively undamaged, for this was over ten years before it was was blown apart by a mortar during Morosini’s siege of the Turkish garrison on the Acropolis in September 1678. The two travellers were therefore among the last Westerners to see the building in its more complete state, and Wheler's illustration, shown as  the 'Temple of Minerva', crude though it is by later standards, is the only contemporary one of its type published in Britain.

After his return, Wheler was knighted by King Charles II, and he took Holy Orders shortly after his book was published. He ended his life as a Prebendary of Durham Cathedral, where he is buried in the Galilee Chapel.

Wheler and Spon have been called the founders of modern Greek travel literature. What they wrote remained authoritative until the first volume of Stuart and Revett’s The Antiquities of Athens appeared in 1762. It is noteworthy how respectful the authors of the latter are when they set out to correct their pioneering predecessors’ work.

See further: D.Constantine, Early Greek Travellers and the Hellenic Ideal (Cambridge, 1984), ch. 1.


Historian Bettany Hughes presents this fascinating look at the ancient deity in
Bacchus Uncovered

The god of wine and fertility, Bacchus has long embodied the battle between chaos and control, so for the ordered Romans, worshipping him was banned, but in the counterculture of the 1960s, he saw a revival as liberty was embraced.

But how do we balance freedom of spirit with the need for a rational and ordered society?

A question as vital today as it was millennia ago.


Sharif likely to meet Trump in Saudi Arabia

From Sajjad Hussain

Islamabad, May 15 (PTI) Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is likely to meet Donald Trump for the first time on the sidelines of the US-Arab Islamic summit in Saudi Arabia this month during which he can brief the US president about the ongoing tension with India, a media report said today.

Efforts are underway to arrange a maiden bilateral meeting between Trump and Sharif on the sidelines of the summit on May 21, The Express Tribune reported.

The meeting, if takes place, will provide an opportunity to both the sides to listen to each others perspective as well as concerns on a range of issues covering bilateral cooperation and current regional and international issues, the report said.

A senior Pakistani official, who preferred to remain anonymous, said the prime minister was already preparing a brief for a possible interaction with the US president.

The official said the brief includes the countrys position on the current situation in Afghanistan and the way forward and the ongoing tension with India.

On both the issues, officials here believe that the US administration could play a more proactive role in order to prevent regional countries pitting against each other for their strategic interests.

Some of Trumps aides have openly expressed concern over the deteriorating Indo-Pak ties.

There are strains in ties between India and Pakistan over a number of issues including the cross-border terror attacks in India and sentencing of Indian national Kulbhushan Jadhav to death on charges of spying. PTI SH NSA CPS

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LONDON: Rather than being distracted as one might expect, multi-screeners who shop online, check social media and browse the internet while watching TV turn out to be more observant of advertising than average.

New data from YouGov Profiles, a segmentation and media planning product developed by researcher YouGov, suggest that they are significantly more likely to notice ads at bus stops or on the subway, for example, than the general public (64% vs 50%).

That trend carries on into other media including billboards showing dynamic content like breaking news (57% vs 46%) and ads in newspapers and magazines (62% vs 51%).

Not only does the typical multi-screener notice more advertising, they are more likely to base a purchasing decision on it: 52% of this group agreed that "advertising helps me choose what I buy".

YouGov further noted that, beyond their mere receptiveness to advertising, multi-screeners are more likely to consider what other people – from peers to experts to strangers online – are saying about a particular product or service before purchasing it.

Thus, 80% of this group indicated a preference to get advice before buying new things, compared to 68% of the general public.

Some 79% valued the opinion of experts when choosing products, against an average of 65%.

And 67% always check product reviews before purchasing, rather more than the 56% of the general public who do this.

"While people who stare at multiple screens tend to get a reputation for being distracted and fickle, data shows they might possess a greater capacity to both consume and process more information than one screen can offer," said YouGov.

Data sourced from YouGov; additional content by Warc staff


Getting Down To Basics with Resources

The Basic Principles of Teaching Math in School

Teaching mathematics is a task that is not easy. especially when the tutor is not well advanced with the best knowledge to deliver to the pupils. This could be the reason as to why many learners find the subject being difficult to them and the result obtained are very poor. It could also be the reason as to why there are few mathematics teachers in schools.The great tips used by the teachers in the mathematics teaching depend on the age and the student level. Below are tips on how to teach math to the middle school students.

The teachers can have the creation of a better culture of students teaching one another. Some of the teachers find this as cheating, but whenever it is done in the right way it is not cheating. Encouraging your students to work, as a team at certain times is very helpful to them. Individual work, especially in the data collection, can be challenging compared to the getting result while you are doing as a team.

To help the student understand the math subject, there must be some assignment to be done later to ensure they understand the teaching well. Ensure therefore as a mathematics teacher that you plan the topic as easiest as possible to help the student get the concept and be able to work on their own.

Make sure you give the students time to think before giving them the answer to the question. Before attempting to answer the students, make sure you give them the allowance to attempt the question and come up with an answer.

Again, when teaching mathematics to the student, you require working on their emotions of them toward how they have developed for mathematics. Thus, very important to ask the student of their attitude toward the lesson of math. A teacher should use a bit of his time to know where the students are, and let them feel your concern. As a teacher you have the duty to encourage your students to be used with math tactics to enable them to excel in the subject.

Ensure as a teacher not to offer a prize that includes candy and stickers to the students. Research done shows that whenever a teacher buys candy out of his pockets is an indication that mathematics is not worth doing on its own and these rewards normally hurt the learning.

Teaching mathematics require general basics to help the student understand it well and never lose hope. Make sure as a teacher you do not ignore the students with low understanding capacity, but rather make them understand to be able to catch up with others. The teacher will encourage the student to love math and therefore perfect them to pass their career.

The 5 Rules of Tutoring And How Learn More

The 5 Commandments of Tutoring And How Learn More

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首页>英语角 > 听力 > 美音 > 课 程 > 数学 > 高三>What Is the Order of Operations?
What Is the Order of Operations?
Let's say you're looking at a complex equation filled with a number of
What Is the Order of Operations?
Hi, I'm Jen D'Amore for About.com, and this video is all about the order of operations. The order of operations is a rule that lets you know what to do first, when solving mathematical equations.Let's say you're looking at a complex equation filled with multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, and a number of parentheses.  The order of operations makes it clear what to do first. First rule:  always complete the smaller equations that are inside parenthesis before moving outside of them. Think of it as always working from the inside out. That also means computing exponents and roots next.  Obviously, if there is an integer with an exponent or root inside the parenthesis, it will need to be calculated in order to solve what is inside the parenthesis, so it would be done first. The next priority is multiplication and division, followed by addition and subtraction.Let's look at a few examples. If you're solving a problem that doesn't contain any brackets, like this one, be sure to remember to do any multiplication or division, before doing any addition or subtraction.  Reversing the order will calculate an incorrect answer.For example:1+4x6 =  251+4x6 = 30In the first answer, 4 is multiplied 6 first, equaling 24.  Then 1 is added resulting in 25.In the second answer, which is incorrect, 1 is added to 4, equaling 5.  then 6 is multiplied by 5, resulting in the incorrect answer of 30. Luckily, as algebraic equations get more complicated, brackets are involved. So, whenever possible, use them.  Thanks for watching.  To learn more visit us on the web at About.com.

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Margaret Smith

I'm a science librarian whose research interests are many and varied, though they all tend to involve looking at science and technology (and information) in historical/social context. I'm preternaturally good at figuring out how to use web/software applications. My first computer was an Apple IIGS. I love snorkeling and snow. I've been to all 50 states. My socks never match.