After a roller coster countdown to a move with  shifting locations akin to a game of roulette, we finally landed in glitzy Dubai International Airport, with outside temperatures soaring as high as our emotions.

It was a complex mix of heartache and excitement between the four of us. The Teenager was feeling adventurous and in Out of Africa mode, the Tween still carrying South Africa on his sleeve or rather on the Protea T Shirt he had worn. While we,  the parents,  felt a sense of deja vu, returning to the city where we first made our home out of India.

The exhaustive weight of being a decade and half older and weary nomadic travelers fell heavier upon us than the shipping container, that boxed our possessions.

The mandatory mode of drafting a settling down list and the perseverance required to tick all the challenging boxes, kicked in mechanically.

We will work towards the end of list, hopefully without needing therapy! Meanwhile, year’s end is here. All enveloping vast beauty of SA is behind us or seven and half hours flying time ahead, to be precise. The need of the hour is to feel ready. Ready to embrace change, city, people, weather and opportunities.

Dubai, with its unique set of virtues and vice, like a belligerent child demands attention. A new chapter awaits to be written in the Oasis of middle east.

That home is ephemeral, cannot be more clearer to me than in this city, whose expat population exceeds UAE nationals by leaps and bounds. So, as tumultuous 2016 draws to an end in the glittering desert land of plenty , in spite of being uprooted,  I remain grateful.

All I wish from New Year is to be a harbinger of permanence in greenery that surrounds,  bird song that breaks slumber and strength, to overcome the days sans these.


Trait-based Mini-lessons for Teaching Writing in Grades 2-4

More than 25 effective and engaging mini-lessons to help students strengthen their writing by learning about the traits: ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, conventions, and presentation. Mini-lessons focus on different stages of the writing process, from prewriting to editing. Includes student writing samples and suggested children's books to model each trait.


Essay about The Layout of Manchester

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The town of Manchester is built wherein; the rich and poor are separated. The rich people or sometimes called “bourgeoisie” are allowed to live their life without coming into contact with the workers. There are unspoken rules that the working-people’s quarters are separated from the middle-class or the rich people. The commercial district is at the center of Manchester which includes offices and warehouses. The poor people live behind the commercial center and their houses lie in a bad environment for their health, which is proved by having dirty Irk water for them to use. There houses are covered with dirt, broken windows can be seen and there is a foul smell also. In contrast, the rich people live “in remotes villas with gardens, in free, wholesome country air, in fine and comfortable homes”.
Vocabulary describing the conditions
Friedrich Engels discovered the condition of how a working class in England lives in 1844. He described Manchester with an unpleasant nature when he visited the neighborhood. He emphasized that if a person pass the main street, he gets into a filth and disgusting grime (pg2, paragraph 3). He also declares that the courts are very dirty and “inhabitants can pass into and out of the court by passing through foul pools of stagnant urine and excrement” (pg 3, paragraph 1). Engels declares that below the Ducie Bridge, “there are several tanneries which fill the whole neighborhood with the stench of animal putrefaction (pg 3, paragraph 1). He also adds “In dry weather, a long string of the most disgusting, blakish-green, slime pools are left standing on this bank, from the depths of which bubbles of miasmatic gas constantly arise” (pg 3, paragraph 2). He illustrates “Below the bridge you look upon the pil...

... middle of paper ...

...aduates and if they are college graduates, they are unemployed. Our economy is not in good shape and there are a lot of layoffs in many companies. So, how can this people find work if the economy is not doing well? How could they help themselves? For me, I believe that the government it the one to blame because did not use our country’s budget wisely. For an example, they used a lot of money in the war against Iraq causing budget deficits. As a result, a lot of people and families are affected and suffering. The government should carefully think of ways to improve our economy like raising the taxes of the rich people. They should also think cautiously on what projects they need to cut wherein, less people would suffer. If the economy improves immediately, we will prevent layoffs and more jobs will be offered. More jobs means more opportunity to help the homeless.

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Guitar Tabs, Chords and Lyrics

Casey Jones

The Few, the Proud, the Crucial

The Few, the Proud, the Crucial (2003)

The Messenger

The Messenger (2006)

Casey Jones was a straight edge hardcore band from Jacksonville, Florida. The band consisted of members from Evergreen Terrace and Anchors Away and was signed to Eulogy Records. They released three albums, split 7", and now working on a new album for 2018.


Hanoi Noodle

Ingredients and preparation Pha�Y is served as a bowl of white rice noodle in clear breef broth, with thin cuts of beef (steak, fatty flank, lean flank, brisket). Variations featuring tendon, tripe, meatballs, chicken leg, chicken breast, or other chicken organs (heart, liver, tongue, etc.) are also available.

With the lot (made with chicken broth and all or most of the shops chicken and cattle offering, including chicken hearts and livers and beef tripe and tendons) is generally rendered tai pin lu and, in Anglophonic countries, often left translated. Blood jelly is sometimes included in tai pin lu and other varieties.

Broth : The broth is generally made by simmering beef (and sometimes chicken) bones, oxtails, flank steak, charred onion, and spices, taking several hours to prepare. Seasonings include Saigon cinnamon, star anise, charred ginger, cloves, and sometimes black cardamom pods .

Noodles :The noodles, called bA?nh pha�Y in Vietnamese, are traditionally cut from wide sheets of fresh rice noodles similar to Chinese Shahe fen, although dried noodles (also called “rice sticks”) may also be used.

Garnishes :The dish is garnished with ingredients such as green onions, white onions, coriander leaves (cilantro), ngA? gai (culantro, or long coriander), Thai basil, lemon or lime wedges, and bean sprouts. The last five items are usually provided on a separate plate, which allows customers to adjust the soups flavor as they like. Some sauces such as hoisin sauce, fish sauce, and the Thai hot sauce Sriracha, are popular additions as well.

The herb ngA? A?m (Limnophila aromatica) is sometimes added as well. For the pha�Y connoisseur, other garnishes which may be ordered on the side include hA�nh tra?�n (the white “bulb” portion of scallions, blanched in boiling broth) and hA�nh gia??m (sliced white onions with a dash of vinegar). These are only brought to the table when specifically requested, as opposed to the general platter of greens and lime wedges. The diner typically squeezes a few drops of lime juice onto the vinegared onion slices before eating them. The hA�nh tra?�n and hA�nh gia??m, when eaten with the beef slices, are believed to cut the fattiness and balance the strong beef aroma that some find overpowering.

Origins and regional differences

Pha�Y originated in northern Vietnam and spread to southern and central Vietnam in the mid-1950s, after the defeat of the French and the eventual partitioning of the country. It is likely that pha�Y came into being around 1910-1912, early enough in the new century. The communist government of North Vietnam forcibly closed many private pha�Y businesses in the 1950s, opening government-run eateries in their place. Northern Vietnamese fleeing communist rule for South Vietnam introduced pha�Y to their southern counterparts. Unlike in Hanoi in North Vietnam, the pha�Y business flourished in South Vietnam, especially Saigon. There are conflicting beliefs as to how pha�Y came to be. Some believe it originated from French methods used in bouillon or consommA� cooking. Oxen were valued work animals and were rarely eaten, but the arrival of the French had probably prompted servants to prepare a dish that suited the French palate. It is even said that pha�Y, or at least the etymological derivation of that name for the dish, came from the French beef stew dish pot-au-feu, with pha�Y being a Vietnamization of the word feu. The broth for pot-au-feu, as it is for pha�Y, is prepared with a bouquet garni containing spices such as cloves and black pepper. Another word for pha�Y, used in Vietnam while Chinese was still the national written language, is hA� pha??n ,the original name for the rice noodles originating in the town of Shahe, Guangdong.

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Others believe that pha�Y possible origins more likely lie in China. China had ruled over Vietnam for over a millennium and greatly influenced Vietnamese culture, including cuisine. Cooking ingredients used in pha�Y, such as spices also seen in Chinese cooking (see five-spice powder and red cooking), as well as the use of rice noodles, are all Chinese influences. With the arrival of anti-communist Vietnamese exiles and refugees (that is, hailing from South Vietnam) in the post-Vietnam War period, pha�Y was also gradually introduced to Western countries, especially to France and the United States.There are also many pha�Y restaurants in Australia and Canada, as these countries also received many Vietnamese refugees and immigrants. Vietnamese immigrants also brought pha�Y noodles to the former Soviet bloc countries, including Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic.

There are several regional variants of pha�Y in Vietnam, particularly divided between northern (Hanoi, called pha�Y ba??c or “northern pha�Y”; or pha�Y HA� Na��i, central (Hua??), and southern (Ho Chi Minh City/Saigon). One regional pha�Y may be sweeter, and another variation may emphasize a bolder and spicier flavor “Northern pha�Y” tends to use somewhat wider noodles and green onions., and add bean sprouts and a greater variety of fresh herbs to their pha�Y instead.


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Bertram Walter Priestman (New Brunswick / United Kingdom, England, Canada, 1868 - 1951) "Bradford by Midnight". Oil on canvas. Inscription verso. Christie's label verso. Sight Size: 17.5 x 23.5 in. Overall Size: 24.5 x 30.5 inches. Priestman studied under Edwin Moore, Arnesby Brown and at the Slade School of Art. He was studio assistant to Sir William Llewellyn, PRA., and he had a house and garden studio in Walberswick 1914 - 1927, where he tutored pupils including Edward Seago. He traveled extensively in Europe and the United States and exhibited regularly at The Royal Academy, Goupil Gallery, ROI, Walker Art Gallery and widely elsewhere. He was elected to the American Royal Academy as a painter on April 20th, 1916, elected to the Royal Academy on June 26, 1923, and elected a Senior Royal Academician on Jan 1, 1944. He won a series of international medals. Many galleries in Britain, including Liverpool, Bristol, Birmingham and Manchester and a large number of overseas holdings hold examples of his work. Worchester City Museum holds the oil on canvas painting entitled Clouds over the Orwell. National Museums and Galleries of Wales holds the oil painting "Landscape with Canal 1905" The Royal Academy of Arts Collection holds the oil painting, "Near Wareham Dorset 1923". His paintings in the United States are hard to find and would be considered rare. He spent most of his time while in the United States in the central US from Illinois to Colorado.

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Though it's a huge success in large European cities, the little Renault Twizy is trying to change the way Australians drive - except there's a slight problem in what to call it.

The zero-emissions electric vehicle is classed as a quadricycle in Europe, but because there is no suitable categorisation in Australia, Twizy is required to conform to passenger vehicle standards.

That means the Twizy has to meet the same criteria as a Renault Koleos, despite doing the same job as an electric scooter - carrying two people around the city.

Renault Australia has imported its first Twizy to demonstrate its vast capability and endearing attributes to a wide audience.

Twizy is the third Renault zero-emission vehicle in Australia after the Fluence ZE sedan, and the Kangoo ZE light van.

"Twizy has to be seen to be believed and driven to be understood, which is why we have been eagerly awaiting the arrival of the first example," said Justin Hocevar, Renault Australia's managing director.

"Renault is a global leader in Zero Emission vehicles. Twizy offers a unique, imaginative and exciting view of future personal mobility, one that would fit very well into our increasingly congested cityscapes.

"It is possible to fit three Twizys into a standard car park and in addition Twizy can be charged overnight from a standard household socket."

Hocevar reckoned that for commuters travelling short distances each day, the Twizy could be the ideal solution.

Renault's two-seater Twizy is classed as a quadricycle in Europe, but because there is no suitable categorisation in Australia it needs to conform to passenger vehicle standards.

"Twizy has been an incredible success in Europe, where it has been on sale for around two years," he said.

"We are hoping that by exposing some opinion lawmakers, and relevant road authorities to Twizy, we will gain a greater understanding of the concept and what it could deliver for Australia drivers.

"We don't think that just because Twizy has a steering wheel instead of a handlebar it should be automatically disqualified from consideration as a legitimate form of personal transport in Australia."

Renault NZ's general manager, Chris Blair, told Driven that it did not plan to have the Twizy "as a part of our 2015 model line-up but we keeping it a consideration for the future".


Hard Words

Your words
are so deep
and hard.
It’s hard to
absorb them in.
To fit them
into my brain.
Oh, but I want to.
I will find a way
to cram them in.
Round pegs
into a square hole.
They are so beatiful.
So full and rich-
Dense and packed in.
Like a neutron star.
Surging with energy
and matter within.
I want to understand them.
To derive the fullness
of their wisdom.
There is so much in them-
my intensely talented
poet, friend.

This poem is about the way I felt after reading one of my friend, Ivana Nagyova’s poems. She is the best poet I can think of- (living and dead.) her writing is like rich foreign chocolate.


No. of Recommendations: 11

Question 1: What is historically the most bearish month of the year?

Answer: September. In the past 15 years - September has only been up five times.

Question 2: What is historically the most bullish month of the year?

Answer: May. In the last 12 years, May was the best month 11 times.

Question 3: Which 3-month period is the best time to be fully invested and/or margined?

Answer: November, December and January.

Question 4: Which month historically ends bear markets?

Answer: October.

Question 5: What 5-day span of the month is the very best to be fully invested in the market?

Answer: The last, first, second, third and fourth day of the month. This 5-day period historically outperforms the rest of the days of the month due to the fact that funds get their biggest cash inflows around the beginning of the month.

Question 6: Which single day of the month is historically the best day to be in the market?

Answer: The second day of the month. The market rises more often (62.3%) than any other trading day.

Stats from Yale Hirsch's Stock Trader's Almanac.

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Additionally, she is the only artist from South America to reach the number-one spot on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, the Australian ARIA chart, and the UK Singles Chart. Shakira is to be given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame as well. In the fall of 2009, Shakira released her sixth album She Wolf worldwide. Shakira was ranked the 76th artist of the 2000-10 artist of the decade by Billboard.

Shakira's "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)", was chosen as the official song for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, along with its Spanish language version, titled "Waka Waka (Esto es África)". The song has received generally positive critical reception, and has become a worldwide smash hit, selling more than 4 million copies worldwide, becoming the biggest selling World Cup song of all time. On YouTube, the English version of the music video is the fourth most watched video, and third most watched music video of all time with over 250 million views. Her seventh studio album, the bilingual Sale el Sol, was released October 19, 2010.

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Third Congress

June 22-July 12 1921

4 July 1921

Thesen und Resolutionen, iii, p. 7

The revolutionary movement at the end of the imperialist war and after it was marked by an amplitude unprecedented in history. ... It did not, however, end with the overthrow of world capitalism, or even of European capitalism.

During the year which has passed between the second and third congresses of the Communist International, a series of working class risings and struggles have ended in partial defeat (the advance of the Red Army on Warsaw in August 1920, the movement of the Italian proletariat in September 1920, the rising of the German workers in March 1921).

The first period of the post-war revolutionary movement, distinguished by the spontaneous character of its assault, by the marked imprecision of its aims and methods, and by the extreme panic which it aroused among the ruling classes, seems in essentials to be over. The self-confidence of the bourgeoisie as a class, and the outward stability of their State organs, have undeniably been strengthened. The panic fear of communism has abated, even if it has not altogether disappeared. The leaders of the bourgeoisie are even boasting of the power of their State machine and have gone over to an offensive against the workers in all countries both on the economic and the political front.

Consequently the Communist International puts to itself and to the entire working class the following questions: To what extent do the new relations between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat correspond with the real relation of forces? Are the bourgeoisie really about to re-establish the social equilibrium destroyed by the war? Are there reasons for thinking that after the political upheavals and class struggles a new and prolonged epoch of the restoration and expansion of capitalism is about to open? Does it not follow from this that the programme and tactics of the Communist International should be revised? . . .

The period of demobilization, when the massacre that had been prolonged for four years had ceased, the period of transition from a state of war to a state of peace, inevitably accompanied by an economic crisis arising from the exhaustion and chaos of war, rightly appeared most dangerous in the eyes of the bourgeoisie. In fact in the two years following its end the countries which had been ravaged by war became the scene of powerful proletarian movements.

The fact that a few months after the war it was not the apparently inevitable crisis but economic recovery which set in was one of the chief reasons why the bourgeoisie retained their dominant position. This period lasted about a year and a half. Industry absorbed practically all the demobilized workers. Although as a rule wages did not catch up with food prices, they rose enough to create a mirage of economic gain. It was precisely the favourable economic circumstances of 1919- 1920 which, by ameliorating the most acute phase of liquidation of the war, encouraged the self-confidence of the bourgeoisie, and raised the question of the opening of a new epoch of organic capitalist development. At bottom, however, the recovery of 1919-1920 did not mark the beginning of the restoration of capitalist economy after the war; it only continued the artificial prosperity created by the war....

At the cost of the further organic dislocation of the economic system (increase in fictitious capital, currency depreciation, speculation instead of rehabilitation), the bourgeois governments, acting in concert with the banks and the industrial trusts, succeeded in staving off the outbreak of the economic crisis until the political crisis brought about by demobilization and the first post-war squaring of accounts had subsided. Having gained a substantial respite, the bourgeoisie imagined that the danger of a crisis had been averted for an indefinite time. They became extremely optimistic. It seemed that the needs of reconstruction would open a prolonged era of industrial and commercial prosperity and above all of successful speculation. The year 1920 shattered these hopes. . . .

Thus the crisis of 1920, and this is essential to a correct understanding of the world situation, was not an ordinary phase of the 'normal' industrial cycle, but rather a profound reaction to the fictitious prosperity of wartime and the two years after the war, a prosperity based on destruction and exhaustion. The normal sequence of boom and crisis used to occur on a rising curve of industrial development. During the last seven years, however, European production, instead of rising, has fallen steeply. ...

In these circumstances periods of prosperity can only be of short duration, and largely speculative in character; crises will be prolonged and severe.

The present crisis in Europe is a crisis of under-production. . . .

The illusory character of the boom is most evident in Germany. Over a period of a year and a half, in which prices increased sevenfold, production steadily

declined. Germany's ostensibly successful participation in post-war international trade was paid for both by squandering the country's basic capital and by a further decline in the working classes' standard of life. . . .

The German workers are becoming the coolies of Europe. . . .

Developments in the United States during the war were in certain respects the opposite of those in Europe. . . . Before the war it exported primarily agricultural products and raw materials which accounted for two-thirds of its total exports. Now, on the contrary, it exports primarily industrial products which account for sixty per cent. Before the war America was a debtor country; now it has become the creditor of the entire world. About half of the total world's gold reserve has been concentrated in the United States, and gold continues to flow steadily towards America.

The determining role of the pound sterling on the world market has passed to the dollar.

But even American capitalism has been shaken out of its equilibrium. The immense expansion of American industry was determined by a singular combination of circumstances, by the absence of European competition, and above all by the European demand for war supplies. Ruined Europe has not been able even after the war to regain its position as a competitor with America on the world market, while as a market for American goods it cannot have anything like the importance which it had formerly. ... In the United States the crisis is the beginning of a deep-seated and lasting disruption of the economy resulting from the war in Europe. That is the result of the destruction of the former world division of labour.

Japan also profited from the war to expand its place on the world market. Its development was incomparably smaller than that of the United States and in a number of industries has a purely hothouse artificial character. While its productive forces were great enough to win markets deserted by competitors, they are insufficient to retain them in the struggle with more powerful capitalist countries. Hence the severe crisis, which in fact began in Japan. . . .

Thus whether we examine production, trade, or credit, and not only in Europe but on all world markets, we find no reason to affirm that any stable equilibrium is being restored. Europe's economic decline continues, but the full extent of the destruction of the foundations of European economy will be revealed only in the years to come. The world market is disorganized. Europe needs American products but has nothing to offer in return. Europe is suffering from anaemia; America from plethora. The gold standard has gone. The depreciation of European currencies (which has in some cases reached ninety-nine per cent) presents the most serious obstacle to international trade. The unceasing and violent fluctuations in the exchanges transform capitalist production into wild speculation. The world market has no universal standard of value. The gold standard can be re-established in Europe only by increasing exports and reducing imports. But ruined Europe is incapable of making this change. America, on the other hand, is protecting itself against European dumping by raising its tariff barriers. Europe remains a lunatic asylum. Most of the countries prohibit exports and imports and multiply their protective tariffs. England is taking measures against German exports and the entire economic life of Germany is at the mercy of a gang of Allied speculators, particularly the French. The territory of Austria-Hungary has been cut by a dozen tariff barriers. . . .

The disappearance of Soviet Russia, both as a market for industrial products and as a supplier of raw materials, helped appreciably to shatter the world economic equilibrium. Russia's return to the world market cannot in the near future make any great change. . . .

The war, which destroyed productive forces to a degree unprecedented in history, did not arrest the process of social differentiation. On the contrary, the proletarianization of the large middle strata, including the new middle class (employees and civil servants, etc.) and the concentration of property in the hands of small cliques (trusts, cartels, consortiums, etc.) have made enormous progress in the last seven years in the countries which suffered most from the war. . . .

Thus in regard to material resources Europe has been set back decades, while social tensions have become more acute; far from being arrested, their growth has been greatly accelerated. This cardinal fact is by itself enough to belie any hope of prolonged and peaceful development on a democratic basis. Progressive differentiation on the one hand, and, on the other, proletarianization and pauperization caused by economic decline will give the class struggle a tense, bitter, and convulsive character. In this respect the crisis only continues the work of the war and post-war speculative boom. . . .

The fall in the purchasing power of money has hit public and private employees more severely as a rule than the proletariat. The lower and middle ranks, their security shattered, have become an element of political unrest which undermines the structure of the State they serve. The new middle class, which, according to the reformists, was the pillar of conservatism, may rather become during the epoch of transition a revolutionary factor.

Capitalist Europe has finally lost its predominant economic position. That was the foundation of its relatively stable class structure. All the efforts of the European countries (England and to some extent France) to restore that situation can only aggravate the chaos and insecurity.

While in Europe the concentration of property has been based on general impoverishment, in the United States both this concentration and the greater acuteness of class antagonisms have reached an extreme degree on the basis of a feverish expansion of wealth. The sudden changes in the economic situation because of the general uncertainties of the world market give to the class struggle in America an extremely tense and revolutionary character. A period of capitalist expansion unprecedented in history is bound to be followed by an unusual outburst of revolutionary struggle.

25. The emigration of workers and peasants has always acted as a safety valve for the capitalist regime in Europe. It rose during periods of prolonged depression and after the defeat of revolutionary movements, but now America and Australia are putting more and more checks on immigration. The safety valve is no longer working.

The vigorous development of capitalism in the East, particularly in India and China, has created new social bases there for the revolutionary struggle. The bourgeoisie of these countries tightened their bonds with foreign capital, and so became an important instrument of its rule. Their struggle against foreign imperialism, the struggle of a very weak rival, is essentially half-hearted and feeble in character. The growth of the indigenous proletariat paralyses the national revolutionary tendencies of the capitalist bourgeoisie, but at the same time the vast peasant masses are finding revolutionary leaders in the person of the conscious communist vanguard. The combination of military oppression by foreign imperialism, of capitalist exploitation by the native and the foreign bourgeoisie, and the survival of feudal servitude creates favourable conditions for the young proletariat of the colonies to develop rapidly and to take its place at the head of the revolutionary peasant movement. The popular revolutionary movement in India and in other colonies has now become as integral a part of the world revolution as the uprising of the proletariat in the capitalist countries of the Old and the New World.

The general world economic situation, and above all the decline of Europe, will give rise to a long period of grave economic difficulties, of shocks, of partial and general crises. The international relations established as a result of the war and the treaty of Versailles make the situation even more difficult. Imperialism was born of the pressure of the productive forces to abolish national frontiers and to create a single economic territory in Europe and in the world. The result of the conflict of hostile imperialisms has been to create in central and eastern Europe new frontiers, new tariffs, and new armies. In the economic and political sense Europe has relapsed into the Middle Ages. Its exhausted and devastated territory has now to support armies one and a half times as large as in 1914, that is, at the height of the 'armed peace'.

French policy on the European continent has two aspects: one, testifying to the blind rage of the usurer ready to strangle his bankrupt debtor, and the greed of rapacious heavy industry out to create with the help of the coalfields of the Saar and the Ruhr, and of Upper Silesia, the requisite conditions for industrial imperialism to replace bankrupt financial imperialism. The second tendency is directed against England. England's policy is to keep German coal apart from French ore, but the union of these two is one of the most important prerequisites of European reconstruction.

The British Empire seems to be at the height of its power. It has maintained its former possessions and gained new ones. But it is precisely now that the contradiction between England's predominant position in the world and its real economic decline becomes apparent. Germany, where capitalism is incomparably more advanced in technology and organization, has been laid low by armed force, but a triumphant rival more dangerous than Germany has arisen—the United States, in the economic field the master of both Americas. Because of its better organization and technology the productivity of labour in American industry is substantially greater than in England. ... In the industrial field Great Britain has gone over to the defensive, and on the pretext of fighting cut-price German competition is shielding itself with protectionist measures against the United States. While England's navy, which has a great many obsolete units, has been arrested in its development, Harding's Government has taken up Wilson's programme of naval construction which in two or three years will give naval mastery to the American flag. England therefore will either be automatically pushed into the background and, despite its victory over Germany, become a second-class power, or it will in the near future be forced to engage all the forces it has acquired in the past in a life-anddeath struggle with the United States. It is with this in mind that England is maintaining its alliance with Japan, and trying by a policy of concessions to gain French support or at least French neutrality. France's growing importance in Europe in the past year is due, not to a strengthening of France, but to a weakening of England. Germany's capitulation last May on the question of war indemnities represented however a temporary victory for England and entails further economic decline for central Europe, without excluding the possibility that in the near future France will occupy the Ruhr and Upper Silesia.

The hostility between Japan and the United States, temporarily disguised by their joint participation in the war against Germany, is now in full swing. Japan has drawn nearer to the American coast by getting strategically important islands in the Pacific. The Japanese industrial crisis has made the question of emigration more acute. Japan, a country with a dense population and poor in natural resources, must export either goods or men, and in either case it comes into collision with the United States. . . .

Japan is spending more than half its budget on the army and navy. In the struggle between England and America, Japan will have to play at sea the part played on land by France in the war against Germany. Japan is profiting momentarily from the antagonism between England and America, but the decisive struggle between these two giants for the domination of the world will be fought out at its cost.

The last great war was European in origin and the chief belligerents were European. The axis of the struggle was the antagonism between England and Germany. American intervention merely widened the frame of the struggle but did not change its basic character; the European conflict was resolved on a world scale.

The war which in a fashion resolved the differences between England and Germany and between the United States and Germany, not only failed to settle the relations between the United States and England, but, on the contrary, brought them for the first time into the very foreground as the fundamental question of world politics. It made the question of the relations between the United States and Japan secondary.

The last war was thus the European prelude to the real world war, the war to decide which imperialism shall predominate.

But that is only one axis of world politics. There is a second. The Russian Soviet Federation and the Third International were born of the last war. The group formed by the international revolutionary forces is hostile in principle to all imperialist groups. The maintenance of the alliance between England and France or its disruption is, from the standpoint of the interests of the proletariat and the securing of peace, in the same category as the renewal or denunciation of the Anglo-Japanese alliance, the entry of the United States into the League of Nations or its refusal to enter; the proletariat can see no security in the ephemeral, fraudulent, rapacious, and perfidious alliances of capitalist States whose policy, revolving more and more around the Anglo-American antagonism, makes it more acute and prepares a new bloody conflagration.

The conclusion by some capitalist countries of treaties of peace and commercial agreements with Soviet Russia does not mean that the world bourgeoisie have abandoned the idea of destroying the Soviet Republic. It is probably no more than a temporary change in the forms and methods of struggle. . . .

It is absolutely clear that the more slowly the world proletarian revolutionary movement develops, the more inescapably will international economic and political antagonisms drive the bourgeoisie into seeking a new decision by force of arms.

That would mean that the attempt to restore capitalist equilibrium after the new war would be made amidst economic impoverishment and cultural desolation in comparison with which the present European situation would seem the height of well-being. . . .

In the last analysis the question of restoring capitalism on the foundations outlined above can be summarized in this way: Is the working class ready, in the incomparably more difficult conditions of today, to make the sacrifices required to restore stable conditions for its own slavery, more harsh and more cruel than those which prevailed before the war? To restore European economy and to replace the productive apparatus destroyed during the war, an immense amount of new capital is necessary. That can only be created if the proletariat is ready to work harder at much lower wages. This is what the capitalists are asking and this is what the treacherous leaders of the yellow International are recommending—first help to rebuild capitalism, and only then fight for an improvement in the workers' lot. But the European proletariat is not ready to sacrifice itself. It demands an improvement in its lot, which is at present absolutely incompatible with the objective possibilities of capitalism. Hence the endless strikes and uprisings and the impossibility of restoring European economy. For many European countries—Germany, France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Poland, the Balkans—currency stabilization requires, first of all, getting rid of debts which it is beyond their capacity to pay, that is, declaring themselves bankrupt. But this means giving a powerful impulse to the class struggle for the division of the national income. Currency stabilization means further reducing State expenditure at the cost of the masses (abandoning the minimum wage and price control); it means preventing the import of cheap goods from abroad, and increasing exports by reducing the cost of production, that is, again, primarily by intensifying the exploitation of the working masses. Any serious step to restore capitalist equilibrium shakes the equilibrium of classes, already disrupted, and gives a new impetus to revolutionary struggle. The question whether capitalism can be regenerated thus becomes a question of struggle between living forces, between classes and parties.

If, of the two primary classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, one, the proletariat, abandons the revolutionary struggle, the other will in the end undoubtedly achieve a new capitalist equilibrium, an equilibrium of material and moral decay by means of new crises, new wars, the impoverishment of whole countries and the death of millions of workers. But the frame of mind of the international proletariat provides absolutely no ground for such a prognosis.

The elements of stability, conservative in their social import, have lost much of their authority over the minds of the working masses. If social-democracy and the trade unions still preserve some influence over a considerable part of the proletariat, thanks to the organizational machine they inherited, that influence has already been deeply undermined. The war changed not only the state of mind but the very composition of the proletariat, and these changes are wholly incompatible with prewar organizational gradualism. . . .

36. . . .

The crisis fell on the proletariat of the entire world with a terrifying force. Wages fell more than prices. The number of unemployed and semi-employed is greater than it has ever been in the history of capitalism. The frequent changes in living conditions exercise a very unfavourable influence on the productivity of labour and make it impossible to establish class equilibrium on a firm basis, that is, on the basis of production. Uncertainty in the conditions of life, reflecting the general economic instability, national and universal, is the most revolutionary factor at work at the present time.

The war did not end directly with a proletarian revolution. With some justification, the bourgeoisie regard this as a major victory. But only petty-bourgeois blockheads can interpret the fact that the European proletariat did not overthrow the bourgeoisie during the war or immediately after it as the failure of the Communist International's programme. The line of the Communist International is not set for the appearance of the proletarian revolution on a certain date fixed dogmatically beforehand, or by a mechanical policy of carrying through the revolution within a given time. The revolution was and is a struggle of living forces in given historical conditions. The destruction by war of capitalist equilibrium throughout the world creates favourable fighting conditions for the forces of social revolution. All the efforts of the Communist International were and are designed to exploit this situation to the full.

The differences between the Communist International and the social-democrats of both groups do not consist in our having fixed a date for the revolution, while they reject utopianism and putschism. The difference is that the social-democrats obstruct real revolutionary development by doing all they can, whether in the government or in opposition, to help re-establish the stability of the bourgeois State, while the communists take advantage of every opportunity and of every means to overthrow or to destroy the bourgeois State.

In the two and a half years which have passed since the end of the war, the proletariat of many countries has shown more energy, militancy, and devotion, than would have been required for a victorious revolution if at the head of the working class there had been a strong international communist party centralized and ready for action. But for a number of historical reasons it was the Second International which stood at the head of the proletariat during and immediately after the war, and that organization was and still is an invaluable political instrument in the hands of the bourgeoisie. . . .

It cannot be denied that the open revolutionary struggle of the proletariat for power is at the present moment slackening and slowing down in many countries. But after all it could not be expected that the post-war revolutionary offensive, once it failed to win an immediate victory, would follow an unbroken upward curve of development. Political movements also have their cycles, their ups and downs. The enemy does not remain passive; he fights. If the proletarian attack is not crowned with success, the bourgeoisie pass at the first chance to the counter-attack. The loss of some positions, won without difficulty, is followed by a temporary depression among the proletariat. But it is equally undeniable that the curve of capitalist development is downwards, with a few passing upward movements, while the curve of revolution is rising although it shows a few falls.

Capitalism can be restored only by infinitely greater exploitation, by the loss of millions of lives, by the reduction of the standard of living of other millions below the minimum, by perpetual uncertainty, and this makes for constant strikes and revolts. It is under this pressure and in these struggles that the mass will to overthrow capitalist society grows.

The chief task of the communist party in the present crisis is to direct the defensive struggles of the proletariat, to broaden and deepen them, to link them together and, in harmony with the march of events, to transform them into decisive political struggles for the final goal. But if events develop more slowly and a period of recovery follows in a greater or lesser number of countries the present economic crisis, that would not in any way mean the beginning of an 'organic' epoch. So long as capitalism exists, recurrent fluctuations are inevitable. They will characterize capitalism in its death agony as they did in its youth and its maturity. . .

Whether the revolutionary movement in the forthcoming period advances more rapidly or slows down, in either case the communist party must remain the party of action. It stands at the head of the fighting masses, formulating clearly and vigorously the watchwords of the battle, exposing the evasive slogans of socialdemocracy, designed for compromise. Throughout the changing course of the struggle, the communist party strives to consolidate its organizational footholds, to train the masses in active manoeuvring, to arm them with new methods aimed at open conflict with the forces of the enemy. Utilizing every respite to assimilate the lessons of the preceding phase, the communist party strives to deepen and extend class conflicts, to co-ordinate them nationally and internationally by unity of aim and action, and in this way, as spearhead of the proletariat, to sweep aside every obstacle on the road to its dictatorship and to the social revolution.

III. International


Sunday, July 15, 2012

Examination Related Guidelines for the Students

Taking examination is not something new or unique for a college or University student. He/She has already appeared in more than one dozen examinations at the primary, middle, high school or higher secondary level. Despite all this, certain students commit various mistakes in the examination hall leading to inordinate delay in the declaration of results. It also causes lot of inconvenience to the officers and officials of the Examination Wing. Most of these mistakes are the outcome of ignorance and negligence on the part of our examinees. Hence there is an urgent need to educate our student community about the major sources of common mistakes committed during the process of examination. Realizing our professional, moral and social responsibility, we have devised a set of important guidelines for our students. Since students at the undergraduate levelconstitute the overwhelming majority of our examinees, we have devised these guidelines with an undergraduate student as the point of reference. We request our students to read the following guidelines carefully and strictly adhere to them in the examination hall to avoid any punitive action.

1. Reach the Examination Centre earlier particularly on the first day of examination:
  Make sure that you reach at examination Centre at least half an hour earlier. On the first day of examination you must reach there one hour earlier before the start of examination. Locate your Centre of examination. In case of any difficulty, approach the office of the Principal or Head of the Institution where your examination Centre is located. Remember, if you are late by  15minutes or more, you will not be permitted to appear in the examination. Do not enter randomly into any examination Centre of the College/Institution. It can land you into trouble.

2. Besides Roll number Slip, always keep your identity card with you on each day of examination:
 Show your identity card to the supervisory staff on duty as and when demanded. Your identity card is proof of your identity as an examinee. Identity Card assumes added importance for a student if his/her photograph on the Admit Card is of poor quality. If you do not carry your identity card, you have no reason to seek entry into the examination Centre.

3. Occupy the allotted seat in the Examination Centre:
  Once you enter the Examination Centre, you shall occupy the seat allotted to you. Do not decide the seat yourself. During the course of examination, all examinees in an Examination Hall are under the control of Centre Superintendent. You shall have to obey all orders of the Superintendent including the allotment of seats.

4. Check the quality of your Answer Booklet:
 Once you occupy your seat in the Examination Hall, you will be provided one blank Answer Booklet. Ensure three features of your Answer Book. First, your Answer Booklet must contain 32 pages ( incase of undergraduate examination) or 40 pages (in case of post graduate/professional examination). Second, it must be properly stitched so that there is not any loose or damaged page in it. Third, it must contain a serial number at the right top portion. If your Answer Book is deficient on any of these accounts, immediately bring it to the notice of Centre Superintendent and get it replaced. Never write anything on the Answer Booklet unless you are satisfied with its quality.

5. Read the Cover page of your Answer Booklet carefully:
Once you are satisfied with the quality of your Answer Book, you should immediately concentrate on its front page. On the left portion of the Answer Book, there are five important guidelines for you. These are mentioned under the title Instructions for the Candidate. Please remember that disclosing your identity by writing your name, residence, mobile number or making special marks on the Answer Book will lead to unfair means case. Mobile phones, pagers and articles of like nature, any textual material, printed or written  or bits of paper are not allowed inside the Examination Hall. Similarly receiving help from any source in any manner or rendering help to another candidate, also tantamount to unfair means.  Please note that it is the mere possession of copying material that constitutes unfair means. Its use or non-use is immaterial. Before writing anything on the answer book, check your pockets, desks, geometric boxes, purses etc.  If any written material is in your possession or otherwise found in close proximity of your seat, immediately hand it over to the supervisory staff. Last but not least, you will never make any appeal to the examiner.  Centre Superintendent will also read out these and other guidelines and warn the examinees against the consequences of all forms of misconduct.  Hate all sources of unfair means and avoid punishment.

6. Write your Roll Number:
The first word you will write on your Answer Booklet is your Roll Number. You will write it in both figures as well as in words in the space provided in the box on the right side of the cover page. Before writing your Roll Number, have a fresh look at your Roll Number slip. This is necessary to ensure that you will write your Roll Number correctly. Do not write your Roll number at any other place other than the space provided in the right side box of the front page. In the figure format, every digit of your Roll Number must be written in one cell of the box. No two digits must be written in one cell. Every digit of the Roll Number must appear neat and clear so that it is legible from a distance. Sometimes students write the digits carelessly and it becomes difficult to distinguish between two digits say 7 and 9, 3 and 8 etc. Avoid it.While writing your Roll number in words, you shall follow the lateral Translation Method. Suppose your Roll Number is 17845. Its lateral translation is: One Seven Eight Four Five. There is no need to write this Roll Number as Seventeen Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty Five. Follow the lateral Translation Method strictly.

7. Write other particulars:
While you have to write your Roll Number in both figure and word form only once, you shall have to write the name of Examination, Subject and Paper at two places in both the right hand and left hand boxes given on cover page. Against Examinations, you have to write the name of the examination in which you are appearing. For example, if you are appearing in B.A/B.Sc/B.Com Ist year Annual Examination, the name of your Examination is BG I—Annual. For 2ndyear, it will be BG2—Annual. For 3rdyear, it is BG 3-Annual. In case of bi-annual/backlog examinations, these names would read as: BG I-Bi-annual, BG2-Biannual,BG3-Bi-annual respectively. Against the Subject, you shall write the full name of the subject in which you are taking examination. If you are appearing in Economics, you will write Economics against the Subject. While writing the name of the subject, you should never use abbreviations like Eco for Economics, Eng for General English and so on. Against the Paper you shall write the code of the paper in which you are taking examination. If it is first Paper of Economics, you will write A against the Paper. For second paper of the subject you will write B and so on. Never use words like Ist, 2ndor First, Second or 1,2 or I,II or any other nomenclature for A and B.  You shall have to write your Roll no. and other particulars in English only even if you are a student of Porintal Classical or Modern Indian Languages.  If you do not know English language, you should seek help from any supervisor of your examination centre.

8. Financial Penalty for Filling up wrong or incomplete particulars:
The particulars you mention on the cover page must be correct and complete in all respects. Incomplete or incorrect particulars are major reasons for inordinate delay of results. It has to be stopped. If you write a wrong Roll Number or do not write your Roll Number at all or write the Roll Number of some other student, it will invite a huge financial penalty of Rs.2000/- in the days to come. Similar financial punishment will be imposed if you write wrong subject name or wrong paper code or do not write the subject name or the paper code.

9. Number the answer according to the number given in the question paper:
  After writing your particulars correctly and completely, you will be supplied the Question Paper usually 10 minutes after the receipt of your answer booklet. Your question paper will in most cases consist of 9 questions spread over three sections. Section A will have just one question with 8 parts numbered through Roman Notation  -- (i),(ii),(iii)….(viii). Section B has four questions numbered as 2,3,4 and 5. Section C has also four questions numbered as 6,7,8 and 9. Whichever question you attempt and wherever you attempt it, its serial number as given in the Question paper should never be changed. If you attempt Q.No.8 first, you should in no case change its number to Q.No.1.Similarly if you attempt Q.No.5 as your second question, its serial number will continue as Q.No.5 not Q.No.2.

10. Do not create your own serial numbers for the question paper:
In certain cases, students write 1,2,3,…8 for the eight parts of Q.No.1. Similarly they write 1,2,3,…4 for the four questions of Section B. They also write 1,2,3,4 for the four questions of Section C. It has also been observed that some student write 1,2,3,….8 for the eighth parts of Q.No; 1,9,10,11 and 12 for the four questions of Section B, and 13,14,15 and 16 for the four questions of Section C. These are highly undesirable practices causing lot of problems to the examiners during the process of evaluation. Students indulging in such practices are liable to be punished.

11. Indicate the Question number of the Question/part of the Question:
  Before starting the answer of a question or part of a question, you shall indicate its number on the left hand side in bold abbreviated letters. Suppose you attempt eighth question first. In the Question paper it is indicated as 8. You will indicate it as Q.No.8. You will write it in the left margin of first line of page 3. You will not write any answer on page 1 or 2 because these pages constitute the cover leaf of answer booklet. Having written Q.No.8 on the left margin of first line, do not write anything else in this line. Start the answer of this question from the second line. Answer should start at least one inch to the right, vertically below the word Q.No.8. Other questions have to be indicated similarly.  Section A has only one question. It is indicated as 1 in the Question Paper. It has 8 parts indicated as i,ii,iii…viii in the question paper While writing the answers to these parts, you will indicate them as Q.No.1(i), Q.No.1(ii)…..Q.No.1(viii). The procedure recommended for Q.No.8 above, must also be followed for each part of Q.No.1.

12. Attempt one question at one place:
  Always make it a habit to write the complete answer of a question in one go. Some students write answer of a question in piece meals at different places in the answer book. Once you decided to attempt a particular question say Q.No.8, finish the answer in one attempt and never leave it half way. It should never happen that you attempt some part of the answer on page 3 and 4 and other part of the answer on say page 11 and 12. In certain cases, answer is found at three different places. Attempting one or more questions in between two parts of a single answer is not permissible.  It will invite punishment.

13. Attempt all parts of a question consecutively:
  If a question has several parts, answers of all the parts must be attempted consecutively.  Suppose Q.No.8 has two parts; it should not happen that answers of two parts are attempted at two different places and there are answers to other questions  in between the two parts. Q.No.1 has 8 parts. Answers to all these parts must be attempted serially and consecutively. First, Q.No.1(i) should be attempted. It should be followed by Q.No.1(ii) and so on. In no case should it happen that you attempt any two parts say Q.No.1(i) and Q.No.(v) on page 1; Q.No 1(ii) on say page 7; Q.No.1(iii) and Q.No.1(vii) on say page 17 and so on . This practice creates lot of problems in the process of evaluation. If you know the answers of only a few parts of Q.No.1, attempt them serially at one place, leave blank space for the remaining parts. Attempt other questions. Meanwhile, if you can recollect answers to the remaining parts of Q.No.1, return back and use the blank space to write these answers. If you can not write answers to these questions, then cross the blank space before submitting theanswer booklet to the supervisory staff. Remember that each part of Q.No.1 is very short answer type question to be answered in about 20 words. These 20 words could be written in two lines. Such a short answer attempted in between two medium or long answer type questions can easily escape the attention of the examiner during the process of evaluation. It can lead to loss of marks for a student. Attempt all parts of Q.No.1 serially and consecutively to protect your merit.  If you do not do it and later on apply for a Xerox copy of your answer booklet under RTI, your marks will not be revised if any part has escaped evaluation.
14. Leave space between questions/parts of questions:
  Once the answer of a medium or long answer type question is completed, you shall leave a gap of 3 blank lines and then attempt the answer of another question. This is necessary to send a message to the examiner that you have finished the answer. In case of Q.No 1 you shall leave a gap of just one blank line.

15. Do not leave blank pages between answers:
  In certain cases students attempt answers to two to three questions and then leave a space of 1 to 10 blank pages and then start writing answers to other questions. In a few cases just one page or paragraph is attempted after leaving many blank pages. It is a dangerous and costly venture. Please avoid it altogether. Students committing such mistakes are liable to be punished. As in case of Q.No 1 if you have left a blank space of 1 to 3 pages to complete the answer of your question, you should utilize this space for the same purpose. If you cannot add anything to the incomplete answer, you must cross the blank pages before handing over the answer book to the supervisory staff.  Uncrossed blank pages will invite punishment.

16. Use your answer booklet economically:
  Your blank answer booklet has 32 pages. Excluding the cover leaf and the last page which is a graph page, you have 29 pages to answer all the 9 questions of your question paper. There is no provision of any supplementary answer book or continuation sheet. Hence, you have to make a judicious use of the answer book. Once you start the answer of a question, you shall write on each ruled line on both sides of the leaf. Avoid the practice of writing on alternative ruled lines only. Avoid also the practice of going for double margins—left and right margins. Do not waste pages unnecessarily. Any rough drafting, calculation etc. if made should be crossed out.

17. Cancellation of whole page/paragraph/few lines:
Sometimes students are not satisfied with the contents of an answer and they want to cancel it. If whole page is to be cancelled, simply cross it from top to bottom. If only a paragraph is to be cancelled, put this paragraph in rectangle and then cross it. Similar is the case if only a few lines have to be canceled. Putting a small cross at the beginning of a page will confuse the examiner who fails to know what is to be cancelled. In future, a small cross at the beginning or any where in the page will mean cancellation of the whole page.

18. Write your answers according to the directions given in the question paper:
  Given the present pattern of Question  Paper at the undergraduate level, all the questions of section A and B are compulsory. Here you do not have any choice.  But in case of section C , only two questions have to be attempted. Some students attempt all the four question. Remember, even if you attempt all the four question, you will be awarded marks for best of the two answers. Avoid this practice. It will save much of your precious time for writing answers to another questions of the Question Paper. In case of Section A, answer to each part should be confined to about 20 words. It is a question of at the most two to three lines. Why to write half a page and in certain cases one full page? Whether you write one correct page or just two correct lines, your score in each case will be 2 marks. Be brief, save time and concentrate on medium and long answer type questions.

19. Write neat and clean, legible and grammatically correct answers:
  Write your answers in neat and clean handwriting. Bad and illegible handwriting is a major reason for reduction in marks. Your answer must have correct language so that the examiner can understand it. Remember, in the present system of evaluation, you shall be evaluated on the basis of correct contents of an answer written in  neat and clean handwriting and grammatically correct language. If your answers do not possess these qualities, you should not get disappointed if your marks are low or you fail to qualify the subject.

20. Write correct answers:
  While attempting the answer of a question, you should write what you are asked to write not what you want to write. Read the question carefully and then attempt the correct answer. Never, attempt the answer of a question which has not been asked in the question paper. Do not have the illusion that whatever irrelevant answer you will write, it will fetch you some marks. Correct answer even if very short, will always fetch you some marks.

21. Write your particulars on the Consumption Register and the Attendance register:
On each day of examination you will have to write your name, S.No. of the answer book and also put your signature on both  consumption register and attendance sheet.  While writing your particulars, you should first locate your Roll Number.  In the consumption register, it is given in the 2ndColumn.  Every page of this register has 17 S.Nos  If your Roll No. figures against say S.No.4, use this row to write other particulars like S,.No. of your answer book (column 3), your full name (Column 4) and your signature (column 5).  Whatever information you have to provide, you will always write it in one single row against your Roll No.  You will also follow the same procedure in case of attendance register.  Remember, your Roll number is unique and you have a unique space to write your particulars in both consumption register as well as the attendance sheet.  Never, use the space allotted to other students who are also taking examinations with you in the same examination centre.  Whether it is the consumption register or the attendance register, write the particulars completely.  Never provide incomplete information.  After the declaration of the result if you apply for redressal of any grievance, it could be addressed only if you have written complete and correct particulars on the cover page of the answer book, consumption register and attendance sheet.

22. Get your answer book signed:
  At the bottom of the right hand box on the cover page, Deputy Superintendent of your Examination Centre has to sign your answer book on each day of your examination. Before you handover the answer book, make sure that you have got it signed. Unsigned answer script will not be evaluated.

23. Do not damage your answer book:
Please note that you have accepted the blank answer book after testing its quality including the fixed number of 32 pages contained in it. You shall not tear out any used or unused page of the answer book. Similarly, you will not replace/insert any fresh page in the answer book. It involves severe punishment.

24. Do not write any matter on the Question Paper:
  Always write your Examination Roll Number on the Question Paper once it is supplied to you. Except Roll Number do not write any other matter on your Question Paper. Never use it for rough drafting or calculation etc.

25. Never write any matter on the backside of your Admit Card:
  Do not make any impression with the help of carbon sheet on the back side of your admit card.

26. Deliver this Answer Book to the supervisory staff:
Whether you attempt all the questions or a few questions or no question at all, the answer book must be delivered to supervisory staff.  Always handover your answer script personally to the Supervisory Staff.  In no case you should hand it over to any of your friends or leave it on the desk.

27. Use only blue or black ink pen/ball pen:
  Use only blue or black ink pen/ball pen while attempting your Question Paper. Use of any other jell pen/ball pen shall be considered as use of unfair means.

28. Rectifying the mistake:
  Despite all care and precautions, if you commit mistake while writing your Roll number, you should immediately rectify it. Procedure is simple. First cross your Roll Number where the mistake has been made. If mistake has been made in the figure format, cross it but do not cross the word format if no mistake has been made there. Reverse is also true. Second, move out of the right hand side box of the cover page. There is still some blank space available above the title ‘To be filled by the candidate’. Make a box there. The number of cells must be exactly equal to the number of digits in your Roll Number. Write your Roll Number there. Put your signature to the left of the box. Get the signature of Deputy Superintendent towards the right of the box and that of the Centre Superintendent on the top of the box. All the signatures are compulsory. One alone will not do.  If you have made a mistake while writing the subject name or paper code, you should utilize the blank space below the right hand box of the cover page.  Write the correct subject name or paper code, put it in a rectangle, sign towards the left and ensure the signatures of the Dy. Superintendent and the Superintendent.

29. Ensure identical signature at multiple places:
  You have signed the Admit card well before the examination.  Now you are in the examination hall.  On each day of examination, you will put your signature on the consumption register and the attendance sheet.  Your signature must be identical at each place.  Remember, if there is any variation in your signature, it will make your identity doubtful in the examination centre.  You answer book will be dispatched separately as a stray case.  It will invite thorough investigation.  A candidate found misrepresenting any other candidate in connection with the examination, is liable for disqualification for two years.

30. Change of Subject/Optional paper is not permissible during examination:
No candidate can appear in a subject/optional paper not originally offered in his/her admission/examination form. For private students, change of subject/option is permissible within one month after the submission of examination forms.  In case of regular students including students pursuing B.Ed programme, selection of optional papers shown in the Registration Returns is final.  No change will be made thereafter. Whatever change has to be made it must happen before the submission of RRs  by the college. Post examination, no application will be entertained for any change in the  subject/optional paper. If you have not made any mistake while submitting your admission/examination form or in seeking the written permission, you shall request the Centre Superintendent to allow you provisionally in the examination of the subject/optional paper. You will have to submit a declaration to the effect that you are appearing at your own risk and responsibility. Later on if it is found that you had neither offered the subject/optional paper nor sought any prior approval, your answer script will never be evaluated.  Be very careful while submitting your admission/examination form.

31. Re-evaluation of a subject/paper/course:
  If eligible, you shall have to apply for reevaluation within 15 days from the date of declaration of the result.  Given the facility of online submission of re-evaluation forms, you can apply for the same from any corner of the Country/State.  No re-evaluation request is entertained once the due date is over.  Please note that we are shortly reducing the application period from 15 to 7 days.  A student can apply for re-evaluation if he/she fails in a subject/paper by 10% of the marks or less. If the minimum pass marks in a subject are 54, a student is eligible for re-evaluation if he/she gets 39 or more marks out of 150 marks in a subject.  A student with 38 marks is not eligible for re-evaluation.  We have to respect the cut-off line even though it appears harsh in certain marginal cases.  Wherever permissible re-evaluation is allowed upto a maximum of 50%of the subjects/papersof an academic programme.  Statutes governing the re-evaluation provisions are being scrutinized.  Suitable amendments will be made shortly.

32. Xerox copy of an answer script under Right to Information Act (RTI):   Under RTI Act, we are duty bound to provide the Xerox copy of an answer script to an examinee within a maximum period of 30 days.  We are performing this job except in certain cases where the student has committed mistake in terms of Roll number, Subject name or Paper code.  Please note three things about the xerox copy of your answer script.
First, it is not a substitute for re-evaluation.  Applying for Xerox copy under RTI never means that you have also applied for re-evaluation.  If you want to apply for both, you have to submit two applications; one to the Controller of Examinations (online submission of reevaluation form) and second to the Public Information Officer (Application for Xerox copy of the answer script).
Second, Xerox copy is for your own information and analysis.  You can use it to ascertain whether each question /part of the question has been evaluated or not; whether the marks awarded to an attempted question have been reflected on the cover page or not.  You can also use it to verify the total of marks.  It can also help you to understand why there is significant difference in the marks of two medium or long answer type questions.  Once you identify the weaknesses of your answers, you can attempt a better quality answer in the next examination.
Third, Xerox copy is never meant for any unofficial re-evaluation.  You can discuss the quality of your attempted answers with your friends/parents/teachers.  Anyone can give his/her opinion on the evaluation of the answer script but no one can change it.  There is no provision for seeking any fresh re-evaluation from any source for any answer script outside the Examination Wing of the University of Kashmir.
RTI is in operation for about one year. We are still working with pre-RTI re-evaluation statutes. Our statutes do need suitable amendments.  We are moving fast on this front.  Shortly, a new set of amended statutes will be put to practice to address the genuine grievances of our students.
 We wish all our students a credible examination.

Prof. A.S.Bhat
(Controller of Examinations)
Thanks for commenting Kashmir Student


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databases containing documented, taxonomically harmonized species inventories of plants and animals reported from the world's protected areas. These databases provide access to information that is otherwise largely unavailable via the internet and provide a mechanism for protected areas and protected area systems to publish their species inventories when they would otherwise be unable to do so.
The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) maintains relatively complete phytogeographic and related botanical databases for all free-living vascular plants in North America (north of Mexico). For over four decades, BONAP has worked collaboratively with many federal and state government agencies, private groups and individual specialists across the continent to produce and edit our databases.


Design Your Retail Shop to Attract More Customers

Take a lesson from big box stores where you often leave with more than you originally intended to buy. Those who design them probably know something that other people don’t. Why else would they be as attractive?

If you have a small retail store, you shouldn’t think small. Think big in terms of designing your store so it can tempt customers as much as big box stores do. Here are some ideas:

Use your display window

Many small businesses do not use window displays anymore. This is something marketing experts frown upon. If you have a shop window, use it. If you don’t have one, think about investing in one. Give people a preview and use a single colour scheme. Put only a few items at a time on the display. See how more people come in when you do this.

Use an open design but use accents too

An open, airy design gives the impression of a nice place to shop in. Especially if you have a high ceiling, you can use this space to your advantage. It might also be a good idea to use a warehouse design; it’s more affordable and it always looks welcoming and not intimidating.

Use pallet racking to your advantage too. Display some interesting products on pallets close to the entrance, but be careful not to block the rest of the items. The more people see that they want to try, the longer they’ll stay, and the higher the chances of selling to them.

Break your displays into smaller sections

Long sections tend to overwhelm customers, forcing many of them to ignore a lot of the merchandise. To avoid this problem, break your displays into smaller sections. People are more capable of absorbing smaller sections at a time. They are more likely to stop and examine products if the display does not overwhelm them.

Use these suggestions to make your shop floor look better and more welcoming. Customers that stay long in your premises are more likely to leave with full shopping bags.


Dynamic impacts of a financial reform of the CAP on regional land use, income and overall growth

In this paper we investigate the impacts of abolishing the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the post-2013 European Union (EU) financial perspective and the impacts of re-investing the released funds on research and development (R&D). We apply a linked system of models to analyze the impacts for the EU member states. The linked system consists of five land-use sector models (agriculture, forestry, urban area, tourism and transport infrastructure), which are connected to a macro-econometric model. Additionally, a land cover model is used to disaggregate land use countries to a 1 km² grid. Three scenarios are analysed. In the “baseline” currently decided policies are assumed to be continued until 2025. In the “tax rebate” scenario agricultural support (first pillar) is removed, and the member states’ contributions to EU lowered. In the “R&D investments” scenario agricultural support is also removed, and the released funds are used to increase general R&D efforts in the EU. We find that in both liberalization scenarios, agricultural producer prices drop compared to the baseline. Agricultural production drops too, but less so in the “R&D investment” scenario due to productivity gains resulting from the increased R&D spending. In some countries, the productivity gains totally offset the negative impact of liberalisation on agricultural production. Smaller agricultural production implies less agricultural land use, and the more so in the “R&D Investment” scenario where productivity increases. The fall in agricultural production and prices negatively affects economic activity and households’ purchasing power, but the reduced direct taxation compensates this effect and results in a GDP gain of 0.53% and 0.8 million additional jobs. In “R&D investment” GDP gain reaches 2.57% and yields 2.95 million additional jobs in EU in 2025. The GDP, consumption and employment gains in the “R&D Investment” scenario widely exceed the losses in the agriculture sectors. The analysis indicates that if no external effects of agriculture are considered, then the CAP is an inefficient use of tax money, and that a considerable contribution to reaching the goals of the Lisbon agenda would be achieved if the same amount of money was instead invested in R&D.

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Prevention could be a major focus of the insurance industry in a variety of disputes. Well-designed dispute resolution systems are essential to prevention. Training in conflict management for claims and underwriting , risk management, and agents is essential to an effective dispute resolution system.


The Informed Millennial — Issue #4

Mon, Mar 6, 2017

Georgia O’Keeffe, Ram’s Head White Hollyhock and Little Hills, 1935, The Brooklyn Museum
The Informed Millennial is a weekly issue published on Medium.
Our thesis is that 1% of content contains 99% of information that’s necessary to have a better understanding of the world we live in.
The Informed Millennial mission is to find, collect and provide to you some of that precious content.

In this week issue: decision making, prejudice and privacy — topics we’ve covered also in past issues — Warren Buffet’s BKH shareholders letter, the consequence of AI, a giant neuron who might help us understand how conscience works, cancer, love and death.

Why Facts Don’t Change Our Minds

Inside Facebook’s AI Machine

NVidia, AI and Intel Troubles

Berkshire Hathaway — Shareholders Letter, 2017

IMHO, one of the most important readings of the year. Either you run a business, or you work for one, or you’re in finance, or you’re retired. Buffet’s ability to read through noise and understand things as they are — and act on that — is so phenomenal it has become proverbial.

It’s true, of course, that American owners of homes, autos and other assets have often borrowed heavily to finance their purchases. If an owner defaults, however, his or her asset does not disappear or lose its usefulness. Rather, ownership customarily passes to an American lending institution that then disposes of it to an American buyer. Our nation’s wealth remains intact. As Gertrude Stein put it, “Money is always there, but the pockets change.”

Cancer World

The Forgotten People Of The Arctic

A sizeable fraction of this meat comes from a different source. One that, unlike the seals, may well pose minimal risks to health.
But this meat has different problems associated with it. In the wider world it is deeply controversial, because it comes from bowhead whales. And the threat of climate change may mean it will soon be much harder to obtain.

Sean Parrish Farnam Street podcast with Naval Ravikant

A great podcast with Sean Parrish and Naval Ravikant discussing “reading, habits, decision-making, mental models, and life.”.

Giant Neuron Found Wrapped around an Entire Mouse Brain

It’s still unclear how vast, but this could be a breakthrough. The researchers from Allen Institute for Brain Science might have uncovered one of the building blocks we need in order to explain how conscience is formed.

A new digital reconstruction method shows three neurons that branch extensively throughout the brain, including one that wraps around its entire outer layer. The finding may help to explain how the brain creates consciousness.

You May Want To Marry My Husband

She’s dying. Her husband will outlive her. This is one of the most amazing love letters you’ll ever read in your entire life.

A Warning From History

On the importance of taking people not only seriously, but also literally.

Few took Hitler seriously or thought that he would actually put his threats against the country’s tiny Jewish minority, his rants against feminists, left-wing politicians, homosexuals, pacifists, and liberal newspaper editors, into effect. Fewer still believed his vow to quit the League of Nations, the forerunner of the United Nations. But within a few months of taking office, he did all of these things — and much more.

Thank you for reading The Informed Millennial, issue #4.

For any thoughts or suggestions, get in touch!

PS — please, ❤ the post and share it if you liked it :-)


Saba Hameed’s Talented Family Tree!

Saba Hameed’s Talented Family Tree!

Saba Hameed is one of the most popular veteran actors of Television Industry. She has been seen in the most popular drama serials like Dastaan, Main Abdul Qadir Hoon, Qaid e Tanhai, Aks, The Baraat series and the recently ended show Aik Tamanna Lahasil Si. It would not be wrong to say that she is the vamp of our drama industry. She is usually seen in negative or grey shaded roles which are played to perfection by her. However, she has also shown versatility by doing positive roles in Dastaan and the Baraat series and a comic role in the show Family Front. Saba has proved time and time again what a brilliant actress she is. Her acting is so natural that you want to hate her when she plays a negative role but you also cannot help but love her in her positive roles. This actress who is in her late 50’s (believe it or not) has impressed everyone with her talent.

Her family is filled with talents of all sorts. She is the daughter of a renowned columnist and writer Hamid Akhtar. She has two kids from her first marriage to Syed Pervaiz Shafi; Meesha Shafi and Faris Shafi who are both equally talented like their mother. Her second husband Waseem Abbas is also renowned actor of our industry. However, they are divorced now. (Not sure if this is a rumor or actually true!)

meeshaMeesha Shafi:
Meesha Shafi is the daughter of Saba Hameed and has made her own name in the entertainment industry. She is a singer, actor as well as a model.
She started her career by appearing in Jawad Ahmed video Bin Teray Kya Hai Jeena. She started her career as a model soon after that. She was the spokesperson for L’Oreal Paris Pakistan and has appeared in International magazines such as Vogue. She then entered the television industry and was seen in shows like Muhabbat Khawab ki Soorat and Ye Zindagi To Woh Nahi. Her biggest career breakthrough was when she signed the Hollywood movie, The Reluctant Fundamentalist. She was seen alongside popular actors like Kate Hudson and Liev Schreiber in the movie. She will also be seen in the Bollywood movie, Bhaag Milkha Bhaag.

Her versatility did not end here. She then tried her luck in singing and was the lead vocalist in the band called Overload. And who can forget her famous song from Coke Studio Jugni Allah Wali which she sang alongside Arif Lahor. It is the most popular Coke Studio song yet with about 10+ million views on YouTube. She also contributed to the soundtrack of her movie, The Reluctant Fundamentalist.

FarisFaris Shafi:
Faris Shafi is the son of Saba Hameed and Syed Pervaiz Shafi. He started his career as a rapper/singer and is known for his video Awaam. He is another addition to the talented family of Saba Hameed. He then tried his luck in acting and was seen in the popular show Manjali which aired on Geo TV. It came as a surprise when I got to know that he is the son of Saba Hameed and that too after the show Manjali ended! He performed well for a newcomer and we hope to see him in other shows too.

His second video Tere Bina was not as successful as his first video but it did manage to entertain the viewers. His videos cannot compete with the Saeein AKA Ali Gul Pir’s standard, but they have made loyal viewers of their own.

waseemWaseem Abbas:
Waseem Abbas is the second husband (or ex husband) of Saba Hameed and he is also the son of the popular actor Inayat Hussain Bhatti. He is a famous veteran actor and director. He started his career in the 1980’s and is seen in films like Badaltey Mausam, Manzil and Zara Si Baat. He has done many TV shows such as Family Front, Landa Bazaar, Mera Saeein 2 and is recently seen in Zindagi Gulzar Hai. He had taken a break from acting and resumed it after many years with the show Mera Saeein 2. He will also be seen in the show Kaala Jaadu very soon.

Mariam Shafiq.


[Advaita-l] Traditional Scholarship vs Modern Pseudo-Intellectualism

Rajaram Venkataramani rajaramvenk at gmail.com
Mon Nov 14 14:38:06 CST 2011

On Mon, Nov 14, 2011 at 3:27 PM, Vidyasankar Sundaresan <
svidyasankar at hotmail.com> wrote:

> a. There is no expectation that you can learn in a traditional manner from
> a
> professor in a modern academic institution. Yes, the ability to quote
> chapter
> and verse from memory from a number of texts is a traditional requirement,
> but that is not how modern academia works.
My argument that is the traditional method of knowing the text in memory is
an essential pre-requisite to arrive at the right conclusion. The method
followed at Harvard or Oxford where a person reads a set of related texts
and speculates an opinion is prone to lead to erroneous conclusions for the
following reasons.

First, it is a sign of inattention, which is a cause of errors. Second, we
can only understand what we hold in our mind (short-term memory). If we
cannot hold in our mind what we read or hear even for a few moments for the
mind to fetch the meanings of the words from its deeper recesses, we cannot
understand the verse. Third, we can only analyze what we hold in our mind
(short-term memory). For the same reason as above, our analysis will be
flawed. Fourth, even if we read (hear), understand and analyze correctly
but forget later, we cannot connect the related verses. We can use software
searches of related texts but even what we search for will be based on our
shallow memory of the text. Therefore, we need to go with the traditional
method where experts in a text know the text first, understand it next and
analyze it third. By these standards, a human being can not be an expert in
all the related texts or even a large text but he can be an expert in a
small text or a logical partition of a large text. But a text or a logical
part of it will make sense only in the over-all context. So, there are two
options. Multiple scholars become experts on differents component parts and
share the essence of their knowledge with each other. A person who does not
know mathematical theorems or physical laws will not be considered an
expert in his field worth collaborating with. In the same way, we cannot
consider that someone who does not know a text to be an expert in his field
in philosophy. There is no point in awarding Ph.D. to students in Bhagavad
Gita, who do not know even one verse of the text by heart. Even if the
modern methods are improved to this level, there will be a problem that one
cannot conclude the essence of an individual part unless the essence of the
other parts are understood. As a result, a group of scholars can never
start to understand through the process of putting the parts together to
create the whole. The only way out is the traditional belief that Ishwara
knows every thing and transmits this knowledge through the traditions
capable of teaching the required essence to the students. We do not have to
suspend critical thinking because the chairs of Oxford etc. are traditional
scholars. Modern can always question them from historical, scientific,
linguistic, archaelogical and other points of view and publish their

of traditional positions on the role of revelation in our own philosophical
it and
your own intellectual purposes.
I agree that it is the case but it is not wrong to question the modern
method. The end result depends on the process.

c. Do not club all approaches within modern academia together. This is the
first step towards deliberately NOT understanding what it is all about. If
goal is to understand one's "own" better, defend/protect it well and
even propagate it, then stop demonizing the "other". Learn to recognize real
worth and merit. If you demonize all and sundry from what you consider to
be the "other", you will lose the ability to recognize the real demons that
need to be fought and countered amongst them.

I agree that we should not demonize any one. That is not my intent but am
exercising the right to find fault with modern methods and motivations. I
agree that there are many who are better in intent and knowledge than even
traditional scholars.

>> Vidyasankar
> _______________________________________________
> http://blog.gmane.org/gmane.culture.religion.advaita
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