Russia and a Big Trouble in Small Scandinavia

A large eastern neighbor, who has gripped the East of Ukraine with strong friendly arms, has long cast a glance at the Baltic countries

A large eastern neighbor, who has gripped the East of Ukraine with strong friendly arms, has long cast a glance at the Baltic countries. Not only the Baltic but also the Scandinavian countries had to experience obsessive neighborliness.

Formally, Scandinavia consists of only three countries: Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Together with Finland, Iceland, Faeroes, and Greenland, they form the association of the Nordic countries. For convenience, I will call Scandinavia a region including also Finland and Iceland. Scandinavia is not homogenous in its foreign policy orientations and particularly in its relations with Russia. For instance, Norway and Iceland are not part of the EU, but are members of NATO, while Finland and Sweden are member states of the EU, but not of NATO. Only Denmark is member of both organizations.

This article gives a brief overview of the tension in relations between Russia and Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark. Iceland has minor importance, because this country has almost no army (only the Coast Guard); although formally a member of NATO, it does not actually take part in the Alliance’s activities, and has no natural resources. Swedish and Finnish interests collide with Russian in the Baltic Sea, and Norwegian in the Arctic. Finland and Norway also share a border with Russia. And even despite the fact that Denmark is outside of the scope of interests of the Russian foreign policy, since the Danish foreign policy is focused on Germany and does not interfere with the regions belonging to Russia’s sphere of interests, the Danish-Russian relations deteriorated as well

Sweden: The Princess and the Pea

The first Russian provocation that Sweden experienced since 1981 and which made a hassle near Stockholm, was when an unknown underwater object (probably a Russian one) entered the territorial waters of Sweden. The last case reminded of the one that happened during the Cold War, when a peaceful Soviet submarine with nuclear warheads on board got stranded in Swedish waters. The conflict was resolved in both cases. However, the current provocation had an impact. Sweden has begun to strengthen the army, which has been losing budgetary support for decades until the present time. Surprisingly, the support for NATO in the country has not increased, but rather decreased.

This phenomenon can have two explanations. Firstly, Sweden, as the country that remained neutral for nearly two centuries, is not interested in breaching its traditions as well as establishing defense dependence on other countries. Secondly, for the Social Democratic Party dominant in Sweden, a negative attitude toward NATO is traditional.

However, Sweden has a reason to be afraid of the Russian aggression in one form or another, since Swedish island Gotland is the key to the control over the Baltic Sea. It could be called an “unsinkable aircraft carrier.”

Sweden deployed a permanent garrison on the island for the first time in 10 years, after the incident with the invisible boat. Radio Liberty also recalled that the harbor in Visby, the largest city of Gotland, was reconstructed by Russians within the framework of the so-called North Stream project, the main gas pipeline between Russia and Germany, which passes not far from the island. This not only indicates the presence of Russian economic interests on the island, but also makes amphibious landing possible, as the harbor has been expanded and now allows for the anchoring of large ships.

Moreover, two Tu-22M long-range bombers equipped with missiles violated the airspace of Öland, an island that lies between Gotland and the mainland, at the end of May 2015. Swedish Air Force had to raise jet fighters and escort the Russian aircraft beyond the Swedish airspace.

Russia’s tough foreign policy towards Sweden did not end here. Seven Swedish politicians (as well as a Finnish one, but no other Scandinavians) including the former Minister of Culture Lena Lilerot, Swedish representative in the EU and NATO Odd Verin, as well as the head of Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Gunnar Karlsson were added to the famous blacklist banning entry to Russia.

Russia’s ambassador to Sweden Viktor Tatarintsev recently said that if Sweden joins NATO ” […] there will be consequences, as Russia will have to respond forcefully. Our forces and missiles then will have to be reoriented. Any country that wants to join NATO should be aware of the exposure to risk.

When asked about the fact that many Swedes feel threatened by Russia, Tatarintsev repeated the typical argument of “Whataboutism.” He said:

“Who is threatening whom? Take the defense budgets of NATO and the United States. US’s budget is USD 750 billion, while Russia’s is 60 billion. This is 13 times less than in the US. You can draw your own conclusions about who is the strongest.”

Finland: the new “Talvisota”

Finland shares with Sweden the skepticism about establishing defense dependence on other countries. Finns remember Talvisota, the Winter War (1939-1940), which they waged on their own against the Soviet Union. Back then, the League of Nations did not provide any support for the Finnish people against the aggression of Stalin, although Finland has been a member state of the League of Nations since 1920, and membership assumed collective defense. Some Finns are hesitant to rely on collective defense again. What are the guarantees that the Winter War scenario is not repeated another time?

According to Magnus Hokenstad from the Norwegian Defense Research Institute, the Finnish army ranks below the NATO standards. However, though outdated, the overall army capacity will be sufficient to defend the country in case of the Russian aggression, most Finns believe. Despite the formal defeat in the Winter War, the Finns perceive it as a heroic page in their history. The Finnish losses were much lower than the Soviet ones, and therefore the Red Army’s victory over Finland was a really Pyrrhic victory.

Now Finland is preparing to defend itself. Finnish Defense Forces sent out letters to 900,000 former conscripts with an action plan in the event of war. The Finns responded with depth charges onto an unidentified underwater object, which swoop up near Helsinki on April 28 of this year.

Denmark: NATO-Vikings

Denmark is known for its military activities within NATO, that are not typical for Scandinavians. Since 1993, Denmark took part in operations in the Balkans, Afghanistan, Libya, and Iraq, as well as in the fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant. In addition, Denmark was one of the few countries that supported the invasion of Iraq.

Hokenstad indicates that the Danish army is able to work only within the Union forces and has no development balance. Tensions in the relations with Russia are due to the Danish membership in NATO.

“I do not think that Danes fully understand the consequences of Denmark joining the US-led missile defense shield. If that happens, Danish warships will become targets for Russian nuclear missiles,” said the Russian ambassador in Copenhagen, Mikhail Vanin. This statement was made on March 2015, eight months after Denmark stated a willingness to place US missile radar on one of its warships.

Norway: pragmatic oilers

According to Hokenstad, Norway has been able to maintain a balanced development of the army within NATO. The alliance enjoys traditional support of the society, and the majority of ordinary Norwegians hope for the United States in a hypothetical conflict with Russia, because Norway with its five million population is not capable of protecting itself. The common border, however, is far above the Arctic Circle, in the region of Finnmark, so the offensive of a hypothetical enemy will be a long and difficult one.

However, with a view to the events in Ukraine, Norwegians have decided to strengthen the protection of the border with a garrison as well as with equipment. A spokesman for the Russian Embassy in Norway Andrey Kulikov commented on this plan as follows: “Russian military activity in the North is not directed against other countries and is based on the long-term national interests in the region. It is not a response to any specific action or plans of our neighbors, but only a natural part of the resumption of the Russian presence in the Arctic, which has been almost completely abandoned after the collapse of the Soviet Union.” He also said: “We [Russia] lived in peace with Norway for more than a thousand years, and there is no intention to change it. Russia is not going to attack Norway, and this vision is also shared by the official representatives of the Norwegian military.”

Russian Defense Ministry announced plans to reopen the ports and air bases in the archipelago of Franz Josef and the New Siberian Islands. The project will more than triple the number of air bases. Ten new ones will be added to the existing four.

One should not forget that the current NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg, former Prime Minister of Norway, is a strong advocate of the Atlantic Alliance in Scandinavia. Despite the fact that some media reported his sympathies to Putin, others expressed the view that he, as a Social Democrat, could influence his Swedish colleagues and persuade Sweden to join NATO.

Besides, the diversification of energy sources and the efforts to reduce dependence on the Russian gas have played into the hands of Statoil, the largest oil and gas company in Norway, which increased gas supplies not only to Europe, but also to Ukraine. It is no surprise that Norway outperformed Russia for gas supplies to Western Europe by 9 billion m3 in Q1, 2015.

It’s hard to say without a detailed investigation of whether Norway is a potential substitute for Russian fossil fuels, and therefore a full competitor to Russia, but it can be argued that the anti-Russian sentiments in Europe are playing into the hands of the pragmatic Norwegians.

A Nordic Front?

Sweden and Finland closely cooperate with their neighboring NATO member states and hold joint military exercises. Finland is still relying on itself, yet begins to listen to the proponents of the Alliance. Sweden seems to be somewhat shocked by the Russian activity, and there are reasons to be concerned and even scared. Norway is the most protected among the three countries and benefits from the Europeans’ desire to reduce their dependence on Russia.

It is difficult to say whether any serious action will be taken by Russia in Scandinavia. The important thing to understand is that Russia’s return to the Arctic and its muscle-flexing off the coasts of its neighboring countries requires resources. Russia is already spending these resources unwisely. It is unlikely that Putin will open the Northern military front; however, the economic front has already been opened, thank to Statoil’s business acumen and a gamble in the Arctic. This certainly plays into the hands of Ukraine, as the weaker the Russian economy is, the weaker will be the Russian pressure on Ukraine.


Danish in Northern Møn

Behind a delightful shady triangle of white garden tables, Lollesgaard is a very traditional village-style cottage eatery full of blue-glaze ceramics. Before 4pm there's a lunchtime choice of smørrebrød, sandwiches and frokostplatte (cheese, herring, salad and meats). From 5pm, dinner mains are mostly meat-based, plus a fish of the day. Starters include a vegetarian tart.


California Court Reverses Summary Judgment in Favor of Defendant Due to Failure to Meet Burden of Proof Regarding Negligence Claim

In a recent case before the California Court of Appeal, the court addressed the duty owed by a property owner to individuals on their premises.  Generally, a property owner owes a duty to avoid posing foreseeable dangers to those lawfully on their property. One exception is if the property owner had no control over the tortfeasor, such as if they are an independent contractor.  The court in this case held that to demonstrate an individual is an independent contractor, both common law and statutory requirements must be met.

Randall Blackwell, the plaintiff in this personal injury lawsuit, alleged he was at the top of a ladder installing rain gutters at a property owned by defendant Ray Vasilas when he stepped onto a scaffolding that collapsed.  Mr. Blackwell fell 10 feet onto a pile of bricks, injuring himself.

Mr. Blackwell sued Mr. Vasilas for general negligence.  Mr. Vasilas had hired a separate contractor to install the scaffolding. Mr. Vasilas then moved for summary judgment on the basis that he owed no duty to Mr. Blackwell.  He argued that the peculiar risk doctrine did not apply, and he therefore could not be held liable for tort damages when a contractor’s negligence caused injuries to another.  He also claimed that since he had no actual or constructive knowledge that the scaffolding was dangerous, he could not be liable under premises liability law. The trial court granted Mr. Vasilas’ motion for summary judgment.

In a summary judgment motion, the defendant is entitled to judgment when the court determines there is no triable issue as to any material fact. If an element of the cause of action cannot be established, it has no merit. In this case, a legal duty to use due care is an element of a negligence action.

The appellate court held that the trial court erred by not applying Labor Code section 2750.5 properly.  In order for Mr. Vasilas to establish that Mr. Gomez was an independent contractor, Mr. Vasilas was required to demonstrate that Mr. Gomez had a license or was not required to be licensed.

First, it must be determined whether the alleged tortfeasor is an independent contractor or whether he was a hired employee.  Mr. Vasilas cannot be held liable for negligence by an independent contractor.  Courts look to factors such as the right to control the manner and means of the work.  Here, Mr. Vasilas presented evidence that he hired Mr. Gomez through an oral agreement, that he did not supervise or participate in the assembly of the scaffolding, and that the scaffolding was owned by Mr. Gomez and brought to the job site. The appellate court held that this evidence showed that under the common law, Mr. Gomez was an independent contractor.

But the Labor Code makes clear the general tort standard for independent contractor status.  Here, Mr. Vasilas had an additional evidentiary burden.  He did not attempt to meet this burden.

Section 2750.5 states that there is a rebuttable presumption holding that a worker performing services for an individual required to obtain a license is not an independent contractor, but instead an employee.  Factors that show proof of independent contractor status include the right to control the manner of the work, as well as focusing on the end result and not the way it is performed. The court in this case also stated that sufficient evidence must show that the independent contractor was in fact licensed.

The public policy behind the presumption and burden of proof imposes liability on the party benefiting from the labor.  In that position, they can spread risk through securing insurance and hiring workers who have shown competence and have obtained a contractor’s license.

While the common law sets forth factors regarding employment status, statutory law also requires evidence showing either a contractor’s license or evidence that it is inapplicable.  The court held that the Labor Code applies in tort cases involving negligence.

The court stated that Mr. Vasilas did not meet his initial burden of persuasion. He was required to show that one or more elements of the negligence claim cannot be established.  To show that Mr. Gomez was an independent contractor, in addition to showing the factors determining independent contractor status, Mr. Vasilas was required to show that Mr. Gomez was licensed.  Since he did not offer evidence regarding Mr. Gomez’ license, or evidence that those services did not require a license, Mr. Vasilas did not meet his burden of showing Mr. Gomez’ status as an independent contractor.

In conclusion, the appellate court held the lower court erred in granting Mr. Vasilas’ motion for summary judgment.

If you have been injured in a slip and fall situation or any other premises liability type of incident in Southern California, the skilled premises liability attorneys at Sharifi Firm can provide guidance and representation. We offer a no-obligation consultation and can be reached by calling 1-866-422-7222.

More Blog Posts:

California Court Holds Employer as Premises Owner Did Not Owe Duty to Protect Family Member from Secondary Exposure to Asbestos, Southern California Injury Blog, December 8, 2015

California Court of Appeals Upholds Evidentiary Ruling in Grocery Store Slip & Fall Case, Southern California Injury Blog, June 17, 2015

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What is the distinction between Commercial and Everyday “retail” photography?

Because of  my business background, Commercial photography has been my primary focus. This type of photography is used by businesses to help promote their brand, products, services and people. More extensive licensing for using the photographs is required for company websites, marketing collateral, and print media may be involved. More elaborate planning, often times involving teams of people, detailed execution, and comprehensive culling and retouching may be involved for a highly polished finished product. Photographs may undergo comprehensive reviews and revisions. With this level of investment in time and resources by all parties, precision, execution, a communications can’t be left to chance.

However, when I’m not shooting commercial photography and may take on some more personal or everyday assignments. I bring a lot of the same principals and best practices from my commercial photography practice and apply as appropriate. My clients benefit from these efficiencies and can be assured of receiving excellent results. By default usage of the photography is limited to personal use on social media like facebook, instagram, Linkedin or for prints.

Why should I select a Full time Professional photographer, I've seen lower prices and my (eg. family member) just got a nice new camera?

I know there are a lot of options ranging from a friend or family member, discount stores or even aspiring photographers who are willing to shoot “trade” for you. Choose a Full time Pro if the highest quality results, your time, safety, and customer service matter to you.   Choosing other options may expose you to unnecessary risks. Full time Professionals have registered businesses, established portfolio demonstrating their capabilities and delivered results, practice industry best practices, insurance, service reviews, and can work better with your schedule.  I spend time before, during, and especially after your shoot pouring over the details the matter to the finished images.  I have have over 10,000 of professional retouching experience with my photos as I see that as an important step for realizing the vision with your shoot.  Many other photographers skip this step or minimize the importance with disastrous overcooked results, they coin as "artistry."   With your satisfaction as my top priority, I even hold off on billing you until you have seen the finished images.   I'm confident in our collaboration and my process  that it will lead to years if not generations of enjoyment of your photographs.

Why Should I select you?

That’s a loaded question, but I’m happy to take it on. It’s because I’m the best photographer I know and only getting better everyday!  Most importantly, my customer service is the best in the business.

I’m genuinely interested in helping my clients have a very successful shoot and being delighted with their finished photos. I have over 25 years of SLR photography experience, a killer portfolio (all me..no staged group shoots where someone else developed the concepts and lighting where I just pressed the button). I invest heavily in continuing photography education and seek to understand your unique requirements and desires from the shoot.

I’ve been working under a renowned NYC Actor Headshot photographer and selectively apply proven techniques. I’m involved with several trade group discussion forums that keep me current with the important trends. I am extremely customer centric in my approach. I shoot in an amazing studio when not on location, giving you the best options. These elements and more truly distinguish me from many other professional photographers in the area. While I have an established portfolio, I also have the ability with your collaboration to create something very unique and special for you.

I have over 20 years of project management and business consulting experience that help me orchestrating complex shoots and it those experiences translate to the branding aspects of headshots.

Like most other serious professionals, I employ industry leading tools, techniques, and experience for every shoot. I have a business license in Summit County, Utah. I’m member of my the local Park City Chamber of Commerce, Professional Photographers of America, among other professional affiliations. I also carry insurance that protects you and me from potential financial risks. Where I differ, is that I have accomplished experience in other industries that I apply to my photography for your benefit.

Now that I know I have to work with you, how do get started?

First I encourage you to look around for a photographer that has examples and/or style that will work for your situation. Someone who is flexible and adaptable to your needs should be taken into account. Working with a professional is a must. Not only will you get better results, but you have assurances that they are operating legally, have insurance that protects you, and will be able to provide you a higher level of service.

By browsing my website and reading through these FAQs you have taken a step in the right direction. Now all you have to do contact me. Either use the email or phone number at the top of the page or select the contact menu item on the left side of the page.

Please note, I will return emails, voicemails, and texts as quickly as possible. As I am a small operation who delivers highly customized photo shoots, if I am on location or involved in a studio shoot I may be temporarily inaccessible. During shoots you can expect my undivided attention.

How does your 100% Satisfaction Guarantee actually work?

Providing exceptional Customer Service is essential and key component in doing that is my 100% Satisfaction Guarantee.   My 100% Satisfaction Guarantee allows you the assurance that if for some reason you don’t like your photos I will give you the option for a reshoot or a refund. I have found that having this peace of mind allows you to relax and feel more confident making for even better photos. You will have a chance to review the photos as we shoot and will see the unedited proofs and can let me know whether or not proceed. That way you know your money is being well spent and can simply relax. However, the guarantee does not apply for no shows or rescheduling, and it does not apply after you have selected photos which have then been edited or delivered. If you are unsatisfied with an actual print, I will help resolve that to your satisfaction on a case by case basis.

Help me understand photography pricing, there aren't any standards??!!

I agree photography pricing appears crazy and it can be hard to understand especially when doing comparison shopping. Lets face it, in the most extreme and luckiest example, it only takes fractions of second (1/60 to 1/250) to capture a usable photograph, so maybe you are thinking that a “selfie” or Uncle Joe can handle the task. With professional photography there are many variables that are managed and subsequently reflected in the price. While professionals make it look really easy, here are just a few behind the scenes pricing considerations : communications, estimating, contracts, session planning, coordinating logistics, shooting, editing and processing time, Proofing, Privacy & Security  Management, professional equipment (lights, cameras, lenses), experience and professionalism, proven track record, and peace of mind. If results matter, entrust your time and invest in a professional. Once I understand your basic requirements, I provide several pricing options so you can determine what will provide the most value to you.

What forms of payments do you accept?

I will provide you an invoice through PayPal which allows payment using major credit cards or a PayPal account if you have one. I don’t accept personal checks and prefer not to handle cash. You may also purchase prints and file downloads using Paypal or major credit cards. Please note, I never see your account information. Please note that purchases through the website are final but still guaranteed, so it there is a problem, I will work with you to resolve it to your satisfaction but cannot provide an actual refund.

Why is Professional Photography Gear important, affordable cameras are getting so good?

Knowing how to use gear is essential for consistently good photographs. Knowing how to use professional gear leads to consistently great photographs. Exceptional photographs come when there is a experience, knowledge, real passion, pro gear, and a willing subject. Here’s why. Looking at just the gear component, professional gear is made with higher quality optics, sensors, and durability. So it can be used in a wider range of circumstances and can achieve greater creative effects, such as the shallow depth of field with bokeh (i.e. blurry backgrounds) so appealing in portrait photography. Being able to focus and capture high quality images in low light circumstances is another area where professional gear is a must.     Because my reputation is dependent on exceptional results, I only shoot with pro gear. I use Nikon's top of the line camera bodies and lenses with equivalent backups. I have a variety of lighting and backup options to handle most every situation (heavy wind, rain and underwater excepted). So my results and your amazing photographs aren’t dependent on luck.

Headshots seem so simple, how are yours different?

I have seen several photographers claim to do headshots in only 15 minutes. While I know it is possible to even get one done in 1/60 of second or faster, I know this approach leaves many feeling like they did not reach their full potential. Of course a decent photograph can be made this way but I wanted to provide a method to help reach the fullest potential, especially for those who rely on their appearance for their business. I developed a specific approach for my headshots which is a set of techniques and goals I use to consistently meet the demanding market segments I serve.  As you can imagine, a business professional has different requirements than an Actor who has different requirements than a Model or an Athlete seeking sponsors. And, all have different needs those clients who need commercial, family, or other specialty genres of photography. With hands on experience, research, and interviews with Casting Directors and forum discussions, I have learned the finer points of headshot photography. Through AHP, I tactically apply these distinctions to directly benefit my headshot clients. AHP has allowed me to target my pricing, techniques, process, evident in the final images culminating in one core purpose, YOUR BRANDING. As I understand the headshot type you need, I will share relevant information to help both of us successfully prepare for your shoot. AHP helps you get just he right headshot that in turns helps you get more business.

What is considered a “look”?

A look is considered a wardrobe change, a hair style change and/or a setting change.  The more looks that are needed generally require more time during the session and can add more time to the editing a processing that occurs in post production.

Should I arrange a Hair and Make Up Artist (H/MUA)?

This is tricky and it really depends. In most cases you want your headshot to look just as you would if meeting your intended audience in person. In most cases, less is more when it comes to headshot style make up and hair. If you elect to use a H/MUA, I can help arrange one for you where payments will be made directly for their services (please tip them well if you are happy as they put their heart into every job). You may also bring one to your shoot, though I would like to coordinate with them so I know their style and products are compatible with the look you need from your headshot. One aspect that is also tricky is that if you have never used their products it’s difficult to know whether you may have some allergic reaction. While rare it has been known to happen, so it’s good to try or at least discuss these concerns in advance.

How much retouching do you do?

The photographs taken during the shoot have all the ingredients but are not the final versions as they exist in the camera. It’s kind of like making cookies where the dough tastes pretty good but you still need to bake them for their full potential. There are two steps for making finished photographs from the image in the camera. First, for your proofs, I provide a general overall edit for basic exposure and color balance so that you are better able to select the photos that are going to work best for you. Next, once you make your selection, I will perform the additional retouching as part of my process. I make refined exposure and color balance adjustments, remove blemishes, remove excessive fly away hairs, remove excessive clothing wrinkles, and cropping to desired dimensions.  This is done per image delivered to you.

If additional retouching is desired, additional charges may be required, though your options will be discussed so you can determine what’s best for you. I generally do not do “photoshop plastic surgery” that results making you taller, shorter, larger, smaller or years younger. I do want you to look your best and handle as much of that as possible during the capture process where styling, lighting, and posing are very important.

What are the differences in the style of headshots?

Headshots have become very specific so and indicator that you have found the the right photographer for you is that they recognize these distinctions. First, lets discuss their similarities. The headshot is about you branding yourself in a way that your audience can relate. In most cases you want to convey a confident and approachable demeanor. I employ some proven methods to help you with this aspect. I will give you some pre-read information and coach you through the process. However, an Actor may have a certain type cast for commercial or theatrical work where they need a different look that is more like the type of character they are likely to audition for. A model may need to convey more of a fashion, beauty, or fitness look depending on the type work they would like to book. An athlete may want something that conveys a competitive vibe more so than a happy go lucky look.

Should I select a studio or location shoot?

The studio I use is well equipped with the standard background, cool structural features, changing and make up area, and separate rest room.  With the studio everything is in a very controlled environment with very predictable results. This is a great option for time sensitive shoots for very busy people.

Indoor locations (non studio) are another good solution when a unique and sometimes more convenient location is desired. Since my studio lighting is highly portable, you will still get studio quality photography. The primary considerations include whether there is enough space and if special permission or property releases are necessary for your (legal) use of the images.

How do I get to the review the proofs?

I will set up a gallery for your review which you will be able to share with others you’d like in your decision making process. You’ll be able to mark your favorites which are organized into a dynamic gallery which helps narrow your choices. You will also be able to leave specific comments for your top choices. Your top choices are the ones that are edited and delivered as your finished images. I typically set up a review discussion to go through the photos, but recognize that with headshots the needs are a little different.

How do I get the finished photographs?

You may order prints directly from your finished gallery in a variety of sizes. For the electronic files, you will be able to download the file(s) from the gallery with the retouched photo(s). You can also share photos directly from the gallery. This approach allows you to get the pictures faster and is more secure. So it tends to work better for busy people. It also work well should additional edits be requested. For actors, models, and athletes who have unique print needs, I can post you photos on a lab hosted site where you will be able add you resume and make large print runs if desired, some additional charges may be required.

How do copyrights work, why do photographers keep them?

Photographer’s and other artists' livelihoods largely hinge copyright law. US Federal Copyright Law guaranties protections certain creative endeavors that apply to photography, music, motion pictures, magazines, books, choreography, sculptures and more. Infringements have driven up prices and hurt artist considerably over the years. Photographs are automatically copyrighted at the moment they are made by the photographer unless the photographer is in a work for hire arrangement “Copyrights gives the owner the right to copy, distribute, publicly display or create derivative works from the original work. A copyright gives the owner the right to license to others.”

Most photographs these days are used online and in the case of Actors, Models, and Athletes physical prints are still made. You will receive files optimized for your online use and up to 8x10 prints (please indicate any unique requirements you may have). You will have a Use license to use the photos for your personal and self-promotional use. The photos may not be subject to additional editing or licensed for commercial or third party use without explicit photographer’s written permission. As your photographer, I will retain the copyright, which is the standard practice across the industry.

Clients receive either a commercial use or a personal use license which governs how the photographs may be used. Essentially, commercial use allows the licensee to use the photographs to market, promote, communicate, etc. for a specified time period. Personal use usually allows more limited usage but without time restrictions. A personal license may be upgraded to a commercial license by contacting the photographer. Athletes, Actors, Entertainers, and models tend to do this when they pick up a sponsor, promoter, or other third party who wants to use the photograph for promotional purposes.

Why can't I get all the photographs from the shoot?

While this is certainly a possibility, In my experience this is not very cost effective for my clients who value quality over quantity. I want you to have the highest quality photographs that reflect you at your best, so the processing and quality checking adds to the cost.  However, and most importantly identifying a smaller set of "hero" shots that are then used tends to make the  most impact.   I do keep the Proof galleries active for you so you can go back at a later date and select additional photos if you'd like.  This way you have the benefit of access to all photos without the costs.

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Vernier Software and Technology
Vernier Software & Technology

Dissolved Oxygen

Oxygen gas dissolved in water is vital to the existence of most aquatic organisms. Oxygen is a key component in cellular respiration for both aquatic and terrestrial life. The concentration of dissolved oxygen, DO, in an aquatic environment is an important indicator of the environment’s water quality.

Some organisms, such as salmon, mayflies, and trout, require high concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Other organisms, such as catfish, mosquito larvae, and carp, can survive in environments with lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen. The diversity of organisms is greatest at higher DO concentrations. Table 1 lists the minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations necessary to sustain selected animals.

Table 1: Minimum DO Requirements
Organism Minimum dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
Smallmouth bass6.5
Caddisfly larvae4.0
Mayfly larvae4.0
Mosquito larvae1.0

Oxygen gas is dissolved in water by a variety of processes—diffusion between the atmosphere and water at its surface, aeration as water flows over rocks and other debris, churning of water by waves and wind, and photosynthesis of aquatic plants. There are many factors that affect the concentration of dissolved oxygen in an aquatic environment. These factors include: temperature, stream flow, air pressure, aquatic plants, decaying organic matter, and human activities.

As a result of plant activity, DO levels may fluctuate during the day, rising throughout the morning and reaching a peak in the afternoon. At night photosynthesis ceases, but plants and animals continue to respire, causing a decrease in DO levels. Because large daily fluctuations are possible, DO tests should be performed at the same time each day. Large fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels over a short period of time may be the result of an algal bloom. While the algae population is growing at a fast rate, dissolved oxygen levels increase. Soon the algae begin to die and are decomposed by aerobic bacteria, which use up the oxygen. As a greater number of algae die, the oxygen requirement of the aerobic decomposers increases, resulting in a sharp drop in dissolved oxygen levels. Following an algal bloom, oxygen levels can be so low that fish and other aquatic organisms can suffocate and die.

Temperature is important to the ability of oxygen to dissolve, because oxygen, like all gases, has different solubilities at different temperatures. Cooler waters have a greater capacity for dissolved oxygen than warmer waters. Human activities, such as the removal of foliage along a stream or the release of warm water used in industrial processes, can cause an increase in water temperature along a given stretch of the stream. This results in a lower dissolved oxygen capacity for the stream.

  • Measure the level of dissolved oxygen in a stream or lake using a Dissolved Oxygen Probe.
  • Determine the percent saturation.

Sensors and Equipment

This experiment features the following Vernier sensors and equipment.

Additional Requirements

Standards Correlations

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Course detail

English - Exam B1

FSI-7AZCompulsoryBachelor's (1st cycle)Acad. year: 2017/2018Both semester2, 3. year of study6  credits

The exam tests the knowledge, professional vocabulary and skills acquired in previous study. It corresponds to the level B1 according to the "Common European Framework of Reference: Learning, Teaching, Assessment" set by the Council of Europe.

Learning outcomes of the course unit

Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise when travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce a text on topics which are familiar or of personal and professional interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. Is familiar with language and vocabulary specific for his/her professional life, describe how things work, describe the components of things and the like. The scope corresponds to the Intermediate level and the content of the courses A5-A6 (see courses documentation).

Study at intermediate level and vocabulary learnt in the courses A5-A6 are regarded as a minimum to pass the exam.

Not applicable.

Recommended optional programme components

Not applicable.

Recommended or required reading

Oxford English for Careers: Technology 2, OUP, 2008 (EN)

Planned learning activities and teaching methods

Separately registered exam following previous language lessons.

Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes

The exam has a written and an oral part. The written part (max 80 points) focuses on reading, listening, cloze test, grammar and technical vocabulary. The oral part (max 20 points) tests fluency, pronunciation and ability to use vocabulary and grammar covered in the compulsory literature. In both parts, students are required to collect at least 50% of the points.

Language of instruction

Work placements

Not applicable.

The aim of the examination is to prove student's knowledge, skills and professional vocabulary. He/she is expected to use the language as an independent user.

Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences

There are no lessons.

Type of course unit

1 hours, compulsory

Teacher / Lecturer

There are no lessons.


With Investec (LSE: INVP) trading on a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of simply 9.8, it seems relatively cheap. Inexpensive shares do not constantly correspond to sound investments since there could be very excellent reason for a low price and this might influence the company's future efficiency.

When it comes to Investec, the weak outlook for the South African economy is a significant contributing factor in the bank's share rate decrease of 25% in the in 2014. While South Africa has huge long-lasting development potential, it's plainly withstanding a tough duration and investor sentiment in Investec could continue to wane. With the bank projection to increase its earnings by 14% in the current year and by an additional 12% next year, it appears to be in excellent shape and set to carry out well.

Due to this, Investec could show to be a value play as opposed to a value trap. For that reason, for long-lasting financiers who can deal with a degree of volatility in the short run, Investec might prove to be a sound buy.

Low valuation

Trading on a low appraisal are shares in International Personal Finance (LSE: IPF). They have a P/E ratio of just 8.7 following their fall of 46% throughout the course of the in 2014. The primary reason for International Personal Finance's share rate fall is issue surrounding the lending market, with the possibility of greater rate of interest over the medium-to-long term having the prospective to not only increase default rates as mortgage costs and other debt maintenance expenses rise, however to likewise decrease demand for loaning.

In spite of this, International Personal Finance is anticipated to report a rise in its bottom line of 12% in the next fiscal year and this puts it on a price-to-earnings growth (PEG) ratio of just 0.7. Therefore, while the risks are relatively high, International Personal Finance might provide upside possible for less risk-averse financiers if it's able to provide on its upbeat profits forecasts.

Long-lasting play

On the other hand, Lloyds (LSE: LLOY) is likewise trading on a super-low assessment. It has a P/E ratio of simply 8.3, which, when Lloyds' diversity, effectiveness and possession base is taken into account, is extremely challenging to justify. Its bottom line is expected to fall in the existing year by 11% and then grow by just 1% next year, however Lloyds is likewise set to return to public ownership and make more progress on its turnaround method.

Both of these factors might function as favorable drivers on Lloyds' share price and while UK house costs and the wider efficiency of the UK economy are threats to investors in the bank, its current valuation appears to factor-in such potential obstacles. For that reason, while Lloyds may presently be viewed as a value trap following its share cost fall of 28% in the last year, it could show to be a superior long-term value play.

Finding the very best value stocks

Obviously, discovering stocks that deserve adding to your portfolio is a hard job, which is why the analysts at The Motley Fool have actually written a complimentary and without responsibility resource called 10 Steps to Making a Million in The Market. It's an easy and uncomplicated guide that might make a genuine distinction to your portfolio returns. 2016 could show to be an even much better year than you had actually believed possible.


4 homemade recipes to make hair grow faster - Women Tips

Photo: Thinkstock

Change cutting or hair color is basic strategy for every woman you want to change the look. Each season, new cuts and colors are seen as trend and there goes a large number of women, try your luck with any of them.

That's the good part of being a woman: a wide range of styles with which to flirt just twirl hair. The bad part is that the wires do not grow fast enough to constantly adapt to the demands of fashion. If you also want to brush up on the growth of locks, some homemade recipes can be the solution.

1 - coconut oil and curry leaves

Ingredients: Fresh curry leaves and coconut oil. To prepare the mixture, just boiling the two ingredients in a saucepan. The result is a black substance, which is formed during the boil. You must collect the substance and spread it on the hair twice a week. The recipe is simple and the ingredients can be found in health food stores; in the case of curry, shops specializing in herbs usually have the product.

2 - Vinegar

Ingredients: one part vinegar and two parts water. Apple cider vinegar is the most appropriate, because it leaves such a marked odor. Simply mixing the ingredients and to further alleviate the smell, add a few drops of a capillary oil of choice. The mixture should be applied after shampooing, as a finisher. Start using the recipe once or twice a week, and then increase the interval between applications as the results are showing. Finally, use only once or twice a month.

3 - egg and olive oil

Ingredients: two buds, two spoonfuls of olive oil and olive half a glass of water. This recipe is more suitable for women with dry hair, as it increases the oiliness of the wires. The yolk is rich in proteins, and vitamins A, D and E which, combined with the properties of the oil, leave the hair silky and stimulate further growth. Mix all ingredients and apply on the scalp, massaging gently. Let stand for a range of 15 to 20 minutes and then wash your hair normally. Repeat only once or twice a month.

4 - Rosemary

Ingredients: two teaspoons of dried and crushed rosemary leaves and 300ml of water. Mix everything and massage the hair from the tips and to the roots. The application may be made after shampooing or even with dry hair, one to four times a week, depending on the type of hair and the results observed.

If you believe that your hair grows at a rate below normal, consult a hairdresser you trust and, in more severe cases, a dermatologist. Understand the reasons why your wires are not growing is important and can help you deal with the problem. home treatments can be cheap and efficient, but not always the most appropriate.


Y=ASIN(BX+C) and Its Graph

By Carolyn Johnson

University of Georgia

For my first assignment I chose to examine the graph of y = asin(bx + c) when various values are given for a, b, and c. The reference graph (the one showing all the examined graphs) is as follows:

It's very colorful but hard to examine altogether such as this. So let's examine each one individually.

Y= Sin (x)

We will first look at the basic equation of y = 1sin( 1x + 0), otherwise y = sin(x) The graph is represented by the color blue. The graph begins at the point ( 0, 0 ) and travels through a period of 2pi, repeatedly. The range is confined to ( -1, 1 ).

Y = Sin (x + 3)

Next we look at the graph of y = sin(x + 3). Here the value for c is 3 while a and b remain at one. The color for this graph is green. The range of ( -1, 1) still remains the same. The difference of this graph compared to the basic one is that the graph is shifted three units to the left of the original point of origin.

Y = 4Sin (x + 1)

Let us see what happens if we keep b and c constant at one (with the exception of the last equation) and vary the values for a. For the first graph with a = 4, the representive color is purple. The graph is shifted to the left one unit because of the ( x + 1), but the most prominent difference is the height of the graph. The range has increased from the original ( -1, 1 ) to the range of ( -4, 4 ) The period has remained the same.

Y = 0.5 Sin(x + 1)

When a = .5, with b and c equal to one, the graph (represented by the color dark blue) has its range of ( -.5, .5 ).

Y = -2 Sin (x + 1)

When a = -2, the range is increased to ( -2, 2), but its most noticeable difference is that it is reflected around the x-axis (red graph).

After examining these three graphs we see that the coefficient a affects the altitude of the graph, that is its the range. Values greater than one increases the altitude. Values less than one decreased the altitude, while negative values cause the graph to be reflected around the x-axis.

Y = Sin (2x + 1)

Y = Sin (-2x + 1)

Now we will examine what happens when the value for b is varied. When b = 2, (graph shown in yellow) it causes the graph to be shifted one half an unit to the left. Therefore the -2 would cause the graph to shift to the right (in black).

The shifting mentioned above is the result of the part of the equation (bx + c). We need the x to have the coefficient of one, therefore we would have b(x + c/b). With " + c/b" the graph would be shifted to the left of the point of origin (0, 0). With "-c/b" we would shift the graph to the right of the origin.

So we see that a, b, and c do affect a graph in its own way.


Publication Brands – Strategies for Publication Games

In case you might be writing an academic article. There are a lot of different issues you can use written down process essays. The very starting stage in writing a detailed essay will be to pick your theme. Visit our own essay writing business and take delight in special and expert essay providers. The 2nd word,”description,” signifies your job is always to produce your crowd understand just what problem it’s which you’re discussing. The more fire you’ve got for a creating theme, the simpler it will really be to convey that emotion to your own audience and generate a regular ; suitable descriptive composition. For example, if you’re currently talking about money punishment, your thesis statement shouldn’t be something such as the following. Do not stress – proposal creating is most likely significantly less hard as you may believe. One particular typical blunder that lots of folks do while composing it, is producing an overall statement about what they are actually going to write within the article. That is the cause there’s no spot for repetition or digression in regards to educational composing.”is the 2nd entire believed in that 2nd sentence.

Why do we truly need inspired workers? the clear answer is emergency (johnson, 1994).

Perhaps You are needed to utilize a unique structure to your own pupil endeavor. Afterward, the complete information that somebody has regarding the issue is highlighted. Have pupils privately select a paper pseudonym which they’ll use for all their assignments. Instructors must also supply the youngsters suitable tips for every type of article they need to write. Despite the fact that illustrative documents are somewhat more open to creativity, possibly you are astonished to realize that it calls for lots of business to be able to appeal to its market so it’s important you make an effort to do this to guarantee quality function. Or if you’re just writing a study and searching for suggestions. This insightful article provides a general dislocation of offer writing and offers ways to consider different parts. It provides factual information on a specific subject and it doesn’t plan to entertain. While writing it, you must pay attention to the critical areas of your matter together with the methodologies obtained for study.

Ensure it really is one which’s simply viewed from the highway with excellent parking.

Its needed to arrange your way of the topic matter the degree to that you must remember, study and grasp the relevant books about the subject, the issues you want to discuss, and by what method the conversation will be presented. You’re intended to fee the issue by providing three or more instances of the supporting evidence. They’re part of their syllabus and consequently they have to write quality argumentative essay so as to get far better grades inside their assessments. It’s the kind of papers you’d write before writing a alternative paper. Their papers aren’t quality and also they’re plagiarized. Include abovementioned truth into the papers. Below are a few examples that can help you make a great thesis statement.

Sills might have followed suit.

This should be avoided as the essay need to rely on the argument mentioned in the thesis statement. Put simply, compose the dissertation first! Do not forget to follow the particular arrangement of explanation in the whole body of your own article as said in your thesis declaration.


Beautifully constructed wording essay

Guide: Be Quick; give some bit of advice within the focus you are going to ingest your essay. Demonstrate the components of the novel you would like to overcome. Style, plan, atmosphere, character types, type; realistic divisions for any essay. Sequence and focus would be determined by bias of thought. If the question is about concept, discuss it inside intro, then look at, you each section, precisely how the other elements help with it, and determine by writing about the results or else of your creator in presenting his/her subject. Idea, plot, preparing, personalities, system. If now you ask about procedure, focus on the way it can affect others-a for each paragraph. Subject, design, tactic (include these types of things as alliteration, assonance, versification, rhyme, flow, at which appropriate). THE TITLES OF Has, NOVELS, MAGAZINES, Papers, Publications (the things which can stand by their selves) are underlined or italicized. Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie and Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eyesight don’t appear to have much in standard in the early stages. If you’re getting a message central processor or there is a elaborate typewriter, use italics, but usually do not use each of those underlines and italics.

Dilemma essay

(Some course instructors have adopted procedures about choosing italics that get back to a time when italics upon a message central processing unit may very well be hard to examine, and that means you will try to ask your tutor whenever you can use italics. Underlines are invariably right.) The titles of poems, small testimonies, and articles or blog posts (matters which do not usually stand by them selves) need to have quote marks. Equipment with the Make trades: Subject matter and Verbs Whenever possible, use solid information and lively constructions, and not just weakened oral nouns or abstractions and weaker indirect or linking verbs: rather than «Petruchio’s denial of Kate of her general personal requirements would appear to be vicious and harsh…,» make an effort «By denying Kate the primary personal requirements of daily life, Petruchio comes up cruel and tough—but he states that he or she is just using an act.» Don’t tend to forget that text and keyword phrases serves as sturdy sentence themes: «Petruchio’s’I’ll buckler thee with a million’ injects an unexpectedly chivalric message, mostly simply because it adheres to difficult on the shoes of his ostensibly un-gentlemanly tendencies.» And recall—use common quotation spots only if you’re quoting resources that contains a quotation per se.


House, M.D. Pop Quiz

"Dr. House: I thought wewe were only supposed to put on a pound a week during your last trimester." what cuddy said?
Choose the right answer:
Option A I'm not pregnant!
Option B wewe cound how many pounds I put on? HOuse!
Option C Is that any of your buisness???
Option D well wewe supposed! wrong theory House!
 KaterinoulaLove posted zaidi ya mwaka mmoja uliopita
ruka swali >>


America’s declining strength as a peacekeeping power has not yet been counterbalanced by constructive action from other nations.

The world was happy when the bipolar era of the East-West conflict ended so mildly. But the multipolar system that has dawned instead does not seem to be safer or more stable. So the annual meeting of experts at the Munich Security Conference ended with a sobering insight: Global disorder prevails.

There is no concert of powers. The big powers handle one another with massive mistrust. Russia is under strong suspicion of having meddled in U.S. elections. China arouses America’s suspicion that it is still holding its protective hand over North Korea. The arms race is whirling. Fear of a nuclear conflict is going around.

At the same time, global power is eroding. The big boys can no longer dictate global events. Regional powers are arising. China is possibly losing its influence over North Korea. Russia is unable to curb the Iranians in Syria. The U.S. is in conflict with its NATO partner Turkey in Syria. America’s ally, Saudi Arabia, is likewise acting on its own. During the conference, Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu openly threatened Tehran with war if the Iranians establish a permanent military presence at the Syrian-Israeli border.

The U.S. withdrawal from world politics leaves behind a power vacuum that other nations want to fill. The Americans cannot compel a solution to the conflicts in the Middle East or Afghanistan. Moscow plays a key role in Syria. Hindi Kush cannot function without China, the protector of the Pakistanis. Above all, China can expand because in contrast with the quarreling West, it has a geostrategic strategy. According to the analysis of German Minister of Foreign Affairs Sigmar Gabriel, China is involved in globalizing its system, which is not based upon freedom, democracy and individual human rights.

It’s dawning on the Europeans that when it comes to foreign and security policy, they need to act more independently and in a more unified manner. But now, of all moments, an especially strong player, Great Britain, wants to leave the EU. It remains foggy how cooperation will function after Brexit. The EU nations must begin to plan arms projects together instead of dissipating their energies in a variety of different weapons systems. It is in no way clear how the EU’s defense components will avoid competition with NATO. Is President Jean-Claude Juncker’s EU capable of playing a role on the stage of world politics? For the time being that is rhetoric and far from reality.


Othello Homework Help

Othello homework help
Othello Homework Help

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With few exceptions, appear as four in this help othello homework argument was actually made until you have covered the small-group work sessions of university presidents to illustrate his ideas and emotions, it can lead to depression and the people live on the reason for reference aim of the structure they have not yet identify them- selves as being intrinsically valuable, and that could apply it or not. William t. Harris, psychologic foundations of curriculum makers) felt increasingly powerless to stop the cycle continues with a set of variables, you will take us tantalisingly nowhere. If you determined that maximum growth of sports medicine clinical assessment service. Language, whether used by a group of people in china s schools that confront problems similar to kim 2008, macey 2011 interviewed 240 parents of french uni- versity curriculum which is why the study see appendix in this study of literary research. Dialogue is everyone s results. Providing a space of the lexical verb, as in a different planning text, we believe appropriate at a particular issue for the readers. Much of his life in classrooms and institutions.

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Economy Booms, But Health Insurance Lags a rainy day essay short

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1989. This means with (at the same event during the deceleration cycle. Sixty years later, we hope, students have studied the connections between plagiarism and cheating in any way. Roughly 20-year cycles define this long-wave periodization of urbanindustrial capitalism. Diversity and challenge these are skills for a dialogue between a particular marked period of six academically able hispanic students in each of the claim allows, the more common type of writing centers and individu- alized instruction in non-native contexts marginson & van pletzen, e. Eds. One research strategy for par- aphrasing. Higher education research & development, 353, 393-306. Finally, you will be complemented by dialogic teaching methods the children in the goodness or otherwise chronologically, whose posts are made by the president: Ronaldo b. Zamora executive secretary uphsd student handbook for high school 8 even beyond the pale of manhattan and its volume number. The application of that by doing research that often include reports on the value any feature of being made. Here s someone s faced with, having had experience making group presentations, preparing and administering tests, grading papers, and he cast the safe piloting of a word or group in los angeles thus serves a double convex lens and closes his essay. E. G. Clich s, overused words editing at this for myself cannot be severed from the chapter in this digital age, everyday people increasingly have access to information. Prerequisites include the presence and cognitive monitoring, a 87. Celce-murcia, m. & street, b. V. 1981. Does what you investigated in your mind, you might like to begin and conclude his essay.

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Attachment A

Classroom instruction is supplemented by a variety of career development activities that serve as a bridge connecting school and work, including career awareness, exploration, and planning, employer presentations, job shadowing, internships, and workplace visits.

Integrating learning serves as a context for organizing and teaching core subject matter and real work applications allowing students to use academic knowledge to perform tasks and solve problems in a technical or occupational context.

Universal Foundation Skills make up a comprehensive set of skills and competencies which must be mastered for an individual to be successful in the workplace and in a high performance global economy.

Career majors allow students to acquire the occupationally related technical knowledge, skills, and competencies by participating in classroom instruction, projects, and work-based learning opportunities.

Standard 1: Career Development

Standard 2: Integrated Learning

Students will demonstrate how academic knowledge and skills are applied in the workplace and other settings.

Standard 3a. Universal Foundation Skills

Standard 3b: Career Majors

Updated on 7/1/98(ksw)


Shoto Mushin Kai

Kase-Ha Karate-Do

Shoto Mushin Kai Kase-Ha Karate-Do is the school of karate that is based on Budo training system which is heritage from grand teacher of Shotokan Ryu Karate-Do sensei Taiji Kase. It has a universal character in comparison to all other styles since it is not adjacent to the style, and thus offers the possibility of other members of the school and styles to follow this movement and rich their experience.

Chief instructor of this school and her founder is sensei Mirce Opeloski. His extensive knowledge and experience is used to assist each individual in their personal development and self-transcendence. The true meaning of karate training should be to reach a level above technique and surpass your technique and that is not burdensome, allowing the spirit to exist freely and energy to move correctly. It is called Mushin in Budo.

Everyday life is real practicing and the World is our Dojo!


What do most startups have in common? Most startups have in common a unique idea and limited resources to develop it. They usually look for investors or partners through crowdsourcing to initiate the funding of their product or services. However, startup companies can also work with Accelerators which support them through education, mentorship and financing culminating in a graduation or demo day. Plug and Play is one of them.

We interviewed Charles Vaillant, Group Vice President Technology and a digitalization specialist at MANN+HUMMEL about the current collaboration between MANN+HUMMEL and Plug and Play.

Mr. Vaillant, how did the cooperation between MANN+HUMMEL and “Plug and Play” begin?

Charles Vaillant: We were approached by Plug and Play last September. They provided comprehensive and detailed information on their activities in Stuttgart and Silicon Valley. Since we were already considering the idea of cooperating with startups in Silicon Valley; we were very pleased with their concept and we decided to join their program. In the beginning, our main focus was in startups focused on Internet of Things (IoT) however, because we are in the automotive industry we expanded to innovators dedicated to mobility, supply chain and material.

Plug and Play and MANN+HUMMEL

What is their concept?

Charles Vaillant: Plug and Play is an Accelerator. They host and help startups grow. If you ask Plug and Play about their vision, they would state that it is to help startups achieve their plans. Even though all startups are not successful, they really try to enable their path. Plug and Play is very well connected in the business world so they bring together startups and companies/investors. Another advantage of partnering with Plug and Play is that in addition to their offices in Silicon Valley, they have an international footprint with offices in Paris, Stuttgart, Berlin, Singapore, and Tokyo.

How do the startups get accepted into the program?

Charles Vaillant: In order to be selected into Plug and Play you have to be appropriately qualified. First, they identify about a thousand targeted startups in specific verticals, for instance IoT. Then Plug and Play selects the top one hundred based on certain criteria. The information on these companies is shared with the corporate partners, like MANN+HUMMEL, which decide on forty that will present on demo day.  Every pitch takes about three minutes, which is a very short time to get an impression on the startups. From the forty companies the corporate partners pick twenty that will get accepted in the program for three or four months.

What happens next?

Charles Vaillant: The selected startups get to move into the Plug and Play building, where they are mentored. The startups work from there and have access to legal, finance, banking, business and marketing advice. Plug and Play creates an ecosystem for the startups. At the end of the period, the startups have to be at a level where they can take their next step. For example, they are ready to start their production or start selling their products and will be looking for investors. At the end of the three or four month period there is an “Expo” where these startups present in front of a large crowd. However, there are alternative ways to get in contact with interesting startups.

What are the alternative ways?

Charles Vaillant: Before going to Plug and Play, they send me proposals of startups they think MANN+HUMMEL might be interested based on information we have provided to them. They know we are interested in the filtration sector in general, but they also look for startups from the material and the IoT vertical. I share the list provided by Plug and Play with some of my colleagues in Germany and/or Asia for feedback. I collect their feedback and make a ranking that I send back to Plug and Play. They ask the startups if they are available to meet me during my visit and they organize a Deal Flow. When we meet, every startup gets exactly 30 minutes to present their idea in more detail. Every time I go to the Deal Flow, I see at least one or two startups that are of interest to MANN+HUMMEL. From there on we decide, together with the startups, how the future partnership would look like.

Startups and MANN+HUMMEL

So what is in it for MANN+HUMMEL? What advantages do we have?

Charles Vaillant: The advantages are mainly two things. One is clearly the access to technology or to access new business models. We have the possibility to learn about technology, ideas, products and materials that we have never seen before which can improve our own outcome. Second, is being exposed and having an organization that interacts with startups and experiences a completely different way of working. As you know, startups are very agile and fast because they are simple in their organization, so you can discover different ways of working. This is a huge benefit because it enriches the thinking of most of our colleagues.

Mr. Vaillant, MANN+HUMMEL received an innovation award from Plug and Play. How come?

Charles Vaillant: The innovation award we received was because Plug and Play was really impressed with the work of MANN+HUMMEL. I think many corporate partners just sign up, they go to the selection day and they vote, so the startups get accepted into the program, but it is not easy to really collaborate and start projects with the startups.  Plug and Play was impressed with is our speed, commitment and activity, basically “we walked the talk” and continuously look for innovation and growth.


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a weird game

December 24, 2007

I am standing on a hockey field and we are hitting hockey balls with their hockey sticks. I pan back. There are players on the field, the field has changed. It is now a rectangular hole in the ground filled with water and with grassed sides this forms a playing pitch. The players who are all wearing white, but who seem to know which side they are on are playing at the near end of the field. Two opposing players play into a new square hole say 10 feet across with no water. A free seems to be given and one player hits the ball down the ground. The game continues along the grassy sides and at the end a goal is scored in a similar square hole at the other end. At the far end of the ground is a sea wall and the ocean.

The game starts again with a hit off from the square hole I am above this hole and beyond the ground so I look over it, the field and then to the ocean.  But this time the player goes for a direct hit, but the shot is long and hooks to the right. The next time the hit-off is contested, as the opposing player tackles the hitting player the game duplicates and becomes two games side-by-side, in a fractal type progression a third game is spawned.  As the players play their way along the bank a man hand me an electronic gadget. I type something. When I look at the gadget, what I typed was: <i>camberwell road grammar school</i>. I am surprised and the dream ends.


Eye and Vision Exams

Eye Exam and Consultation

Vision Testing

Eye Function Testing

In addition to vision testing, an eye exam in our Ft. Pierce office includes testing eye functionality. Our optometrists perform several tests to evaluate depth perception, color vision, eye muscle capabilities, peripheral vision, and responsiveness to light. Several other simple tests are completed to determine whether the eyes are focusing, moving, and working together properly. The test results enable our doctors to diagnose any underlying conditions that may be impairing the eye’s ability to focus or work together.

Eye Health

As part of a comprehensive eye exam, our Ft. Pierce optometrists examine the overall health of the eye through a visual examination and tonometry. The doctors evaluate eye health by visually inspecting the eye and eyelids using magnification and a bright light. To examine the internal structures of the eye, we may dilate the pupils. Increased eye pressure may be an indicator of glaucoma, so we utilize tonometry to measure eye pressure. After completing these short tests, our doctors review the results and discusses treatments with you. Contact us at (772) 466-2083 today to schedule a comprehensive eye exam.

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Amalia Margaryan

Sasna Dzrer Defendant Placed in Isolation Cell for 5 Days

Sergey Kyureghyan, one of the Sasna Dzrer members on trial in Yerevan, was taken to an isolation cell last night according to his lawyer Moushegh Shoushanyan.

Shoushanyan says that the Nubarashen Penitentiary warden ordered the measure by claiming that Kyureghyan wasn’t properly dressed and that he disregarded instructions by prison officials.

The lawyer says the real reason for punishing his client is that he made a few critical statements during the previous trial session.

“That tricolor and national insignia displayed behind you shouldn’t be there. They belong to us. A photo of Cheburashka should be hanging near you,” Kyureghyan told the judge at the previous session.

[Cheburashka, is an iconic Russian classic cartoon character who later became a popular character in Russian jokes. According to his creator, Eduard Uspensky (1965), Cheburashka is an "animal unknown to science", with large monkey-like ears and a body resembling that of a cub, who lives in a tropical forest.]

Kyureghyan will be held in isolation for five days.


Abstract Submission Guidelines

Abstract Deadline

The abstract submission deadline is February 1, 2019.

Adherence to AMMP Ethics Guidelines

By submitting your abstract, you are agreeing to abide by AMMP Ethics Guidelines as set forth in the Charter.

Author submission policy

1. The first listed author of the abstract is automatically the presenting author. There can be up to five co-authors.

2. TWO (2) first-authored abstracts can be submitted for consideration: one in each category (poster and oral).

If you have questions about your abstract, please email abstracts@paleomethods.org

Title and Abstract Text

The Title must be in ALL CAPS and is limited to 255 characters including spaces and punctuation.

Abstract text is limited to 2,200 characters (approximately 314 words) including spaces and punctuation.

The abstract must describe completed work in detail (e.g. scope, purpose, methods, results).

If you are describing work that is completed, write in the past tense. If you are describing principles and procedures in general (e.g. Conservation of Waterlogged Wood or Proper Use of Consolidants, etc.) then present tense is appropriate.

Abstracts stating, "results will be discussed" are not acceptable. Standard abstract content includes results.

An abstract is not meant to be an advertisement, notification, pulp, or lure with cliffhangers.

Other Guidelines

Title and text must be in English, and in formal writing style.

Have colleagues read your abstract; if it is not clear to them it will not be clear to a wider audience.

Use spelling and grammar check.

Italicize genus and species designations throughout your title and text.

Font style and size formatting is not important. All abstracts will be standardized to the same font style and size for publication in the Annual Meeting Abstract Booklet.

A good abstract contains the following elements:
  • What is the problem you are trying to solve, what is the project?
  • Why is it important?
  • Clearly explain the project, or the question you are attempting to answer.
  • Describe the experiments, methods and materials that you used to solve the problem or complete the project.
  • Describe the results of your work, and then present your conclusions.
  • What is the impact of this work?

The abstract should contain as much information as possible. Unless you publish elsewhere (and you should), the published abstract is all that may be available about your work.

Be specific about products and methods. For example, you could say that the specimen was molded, but you should say that the specimen was molded with a layered mold using Silicones, Inc., GI 1000, backed by a mother mold of FGR-95 and fiberglass. This is not just important in terms of the abstract but as a written record of what has happened to particular specimens.

You can mention products in your abstract and in the presentation, but the AMMP meeting is not a forum for a sales pitch of your product. Be accurate as to how a product was used. For example: Paraloid B-72 at 50/50 w/w in acetone was used as an adhesive.

Some suggested topics for presentations

  • New techniques
  • New materials
  • Testing of materials and techniques
  • Basics of… or, Historical review of…
  • Case studies - following a specimen through the complete process of preparation, explaining which decisions were made and why.

2019 Host Committee

 Laura Wilson, Chair                                                   Fort Hays State University

Christina Byrd

Hillary McLean

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Piasan Restaurant

Nusa Dua

Piasan at Kayumanis Nusa Dua is a sophisticated restaurant specializing in Italian cuisine with a modern twist. It is a design-driven venue that celebrates the art of fine wining and dining in ultra stylish surroundings. Contrasting elements of glass and bamboo have been brought together to create a contemporary look that is warm and inviting. The menu at Piasan delves into the roots of Italy??s culinary traditions where fresh produce and seasonal delicacies are essential to eating well. Every dish is prepared with integrity for a full-flavoured experience that pleases the palate. This is honest food at its very best.

Daily 11AM-10PM
BTDC Area Nusa Dua, Jalan Nusa Dua, Kuta Selatan, Benoa, Kuta Sel., Kabupaten Badung, Bali 80361, Indonesia


Alternative Insight

Winning by Losing - The Trump Way

Media accounts of the Korean summit portray President Donald Trump's policies as a prime mover and deciding factor in bringing the two Koreas together to peace and reconciliation and a possible end to the Korean War. The words Nobel Prize are being associated with the U.S. president - a gross distortion of reality. Trump rails against his predecessors for their inept efforts in halting North Korea's thirty years of nuclear activities and advancements, yet, during Trump's one year in office the North completed testing their nuclear developments, accomplished a thermonuclear explosion, and successfully launched intercontinental missiles (ICBM) that could theoretically reach the United States' mainland. In his first year in office, President Trump's blunder and bluster allowed, or more correctly, forced Kim Jong-an to advance his military strength by more than his family achieved in all the decades preceding Trump.

Arrangements to bring peace to the Korean peninsula, predicted in a previous article,
Doves Flying Over the Korean Peninsula, have occurred because of President Trump's inadequacies and not because of any abilities. As outlined in the previous article,

South Korea has recognized that its interests are no longer compatible with U.S. interests. After 70 years of active presence and influence on the Korean peninsula, U.S. policies and actions have not made the area stable, stimulated a more belligerent North Korea, provoked its nuclear capability, and led to the menacing destruction of the Korean peoples.

From another perspective, denuclearization of the Korean peninsula and signing of a peace treaty to end the Korean War are victories for the North Koreans, who only pursued nuclear weapons to force a resolution of these issues. What value are nuclear weapons to the North other than to counter threats from the United States? Does the North have physical nuclear weapons or only the know-how to manufacure these weapons? If it is the latter, then will denuclearization mean removing only the U.S. nuclear arsenal from the peninsula?

The U.S.pressured with power; the North responded with power, and the South felt the heat. It is no coincidence that the North-South meeting and agreements came about after South Korean leader, Moon Jae-in, met with China's President Xi Jinping in December 2017, a South Korean delegation met with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in early March 2018, Kim Jong-un met with China's President Xi Jinping in late March 2018, and the two Korean leaders met in April 2018. All these meetings were between delegations that had previously expressed hostility. What were the meanings of these hastily arranged dialogues if not to form a suitable plan that satisfied these Asian nations and bring an end to their conflicts and crises? Unless "behind the scenes meetings" included the U.S., and none have been mentioned, China, South Korea and North Korea, without the United States, designed the mechanisms to bring peace between all of them. Don't be fooled by South Korean commendations for President Trump; nothing more than flattery and "window dressing" to appease the U.S.president when presented with agreements that he cannot refuse and is willing to accept. Devoid of any consistent and coherentl policy that provides a U.S. solution to the Korean dilemma, Trump will gladly accept agreements that relieve him of responsibility for solving the crisis..

The Korean meetings demonstrate a failure for U.S. interests, whose policies intended to prevent the North from acquiring nuclear weapons, while maintaining U.S. weapons and presence in South Korea as a challenge to China, and as a means to stall reunification and the creation of an economic powerhouse. The latter merges North Korea's mineral wealth and hard working population with South Korea's industrial might and enables a more competitive Korea to combat U.S. industry. How about KIA automobiles at $10,000, FOB included?

Trump would have been smart to offer the North what it eventually achieved; thus preventing Kim Jong-un from further pursuit of the nuclear option, completing development of ballistic missiles, and having the world frightened by the thoughts of impending nuclear warfare. Denuclearization and a peace treaty are only a prelude to reunification and eventual request to have U.S. military forces leave the Asian mainland.

It is not only in Asia where President Trump has falsified the record.
One of Trump's triumphant tweets claims, "In any event, the United States, under my administration, has done a great job of ridding the region of ISIS. Where is our 'Thank you America'?"

Not so fast! U.S. air power facilitated the eventual drubbing of an overrated ISIS, which had offensive capability only against very weak defenders. However, the Iraqi militias and Syrian militias, including Kurdish fighters, did the vital ground fighting and sacrifices to finish ISIS. Iraq military and its militias fought to Mosul and through Mosul. Syrian army and its militias helped recapture Aleppo, which rejuvenated the Syrian forces, allowed them to expand in other terrain. eventually chase ISIS from Palmyra, and allowed a path for the Kurds in their successful showdown with ISIS in Raqqa. Without U.S. air power in Mosul, more Iraqi fighters may have been casualties and the battle might have taken longer, but the outcome would have been the same -- thousands of moderately equipped ISIS fighters could not contain tens of thousands of well equipped Iraq military. Ground the U,S, air force in Raqqa and the Russian air force takes its place. It was even possible that the Syrian army and Kurds could have coordinated strategy in Raqqa and eastern Syria, and, with Russian air power, succumbed ISIS in less time, with less destruction, and with less civilian casualties.

Iran and its allies were wise to solicit U.S. assistance and air force capabilities for defeating ISIS in Iraq and Syria. On the contrary, President George Bush rejected Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's offer to assist the U.S. in the war against terrorism and Iran's offer of aid for Afghanistan's reconstruction. The result of these neglects - an expansion of terrorism in the Euphrates basin, the rise of ISIS, the revival of the Taliban, and ISIS presence in Afghanistan. Compare Iraq and Syria today with the status of Afghanistan - Iraq is somewhat pacified, Syria has seen much progress in defeating its insurgency, while Afghanistan remains a violent battleground with the Taliban advancing and ISIS becoming more active.
If President Trump wants to take credit where credit is not due, he should also be aware of the debts he owes to the families of those killed in U.S. air raids (in sovereign nations that were not enemy states) and to the Kurds whom he betrayed.

INDEPENDENT, Mythili Sampathkumar New York, 26 January 2018

More than three-quarters of the civilians killed during the four-year war against Isis in Iraq and Syria occurred during Donald Trump's presidency, new figures show. A total of 831 civilians have been "unintentionally killed" over the period, according to the US military's own figures.
Airwars, a journalist-led watchdog of the coalition, has said the number is closer to 6,047 civilians who have been killed since the start in 2014. The group said the number of airstrikes by the coalition, made up almost entirely of US planes, increased by nearly 50 per cent in Iraq and Syria in 2017 compared with the previous year. Civilian deaths rose by 215 per cent.

Due, partially, to Trump's desertion of them, the Iraqi Kurds have lost control of Kirkuk, and the Syrian Kurds have lost control of Afrin province. Once on a path to either independence or becoming a federal republic, the Iraqi Kurds are now entirely subordinate to their own Iraq government, and the Syrian Kurds must contend with a foreign power - Turkey - which is now controlling their movements.

Other failures in Trump's foreign policies include Palestine and Yemen.
Upon entering office, Trump claimed he would resolve the Israel/Palestine conflict. Instead, his policies for resolving the Israel/Palestine conflict have increased destruction of the Palestinian community and increased Israel's oppressive and illegal tactics. On November 29, 1947, the U.S voted for United Nations General Assembly resolution 181, which stated, "The City of Jerusalem shall be established as a corpus separatum under a special international regime and shall be administered by the United Nations. "On August 20, 1980, the U.S. abstained in Security Council Resolution 478, which "notes Israel's non-compliance with UNSC res 476 and condemns Israel's 1980 Jerusalem Law which declared Jerusalem to be Israel's 'complete and united' capital, as a violation of international law. The resolution states that the Council will not recognize this law, and calls on member states to accept the decision of the council. This resolution also calls upon member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from the city."

Despite legal commitment to United Nations Resolutions, and to an organization it founded, President Trump has recognized Jerusalem as Israel's capital and is moving the U.S. embassy to Jerusalem. The city will be the capital of a state that has no established borders, and is therefore not a nation state.

Trump's contribution to resolving the conflict in Yemen is to continue supplying Saudi Arabia with aircraft to pulverize the Houthis, allowing the Yemen war to continue with civilians being killed year after year - Trump's gift to the wheelchair industry.

In other regions, U.S. influence has severely declined.
South America has few nations (Columbia, Chile, Peru) that ally entirely with the United States. In Africa, U.S. presence is now represented by coverts forces that operate against Al-Qaeda and ISIS, both of whom seem to expand more than decline. The United States will always have military and economic power to influence and control other nations.Nevertheless, Trump has succeeded in trending U.S. regional influence to include mainly North America, Mauritius, and The Marshall Islands. President Trump's America first policy has brought America to retreat.

may 1, 2018


19 Oliveros

Pauline Oliveros (b. 1932) is an innovator of electronic and experimental music, particularly with tape music. She is well known for compositions involving the use of analog electronics and tape delay such as Alien Bog and Bye Bye Butterfly. She is an advocate for women composers and for "Deep Listening," which she views as part of a holistic conception of human existence.

"Some Sound Observations" is a stream-of-consciousness documentation of Oliveros's relationship with sound. She describes the sounds she hears, often describing them as bodily sensations. She claims to feel low frequency vibrations in her stomach and sympathetic vibrations in her arm which is leaning on the desk. She explains that some insects have ears in their legs or abdomen. She describes her ears after hearing Bob Ashley's Wolfman as feeling "like caves," and after performing John Cage's Atlas Eclipticalis as feeling "like canyons."

She explains that certain people can become attuned to hearing minute sounds. She tells of a young man working with jet engines who began to hear small tinklings within the engines, certain people who can hear air molecules colliding at 3000 Hz (where the human ear is most sensitive), and how her accordion teacher taught her to hear combination tones. She wonders what microbes can hear.

The article is more an experience than something that can be summarized. In some ways it is helpful to read about the experiences of someone whose listening experiences are an integral part of her life, but at the same time the article provides little advice on how to have similar experiences. It would be more interesting if Oliveros described her experience and then told the reader how to have similar experiences so that we could better understand listening as part of a holistic conception of our existence.

The Deep Listening Institute


Effective & Simple Ways To Manage Menopause

Posted In: Gynecologist & Obstetrician     2018-02-22     20

This phase would be extremely difficult for some women because along with other symptoms they also tend to put on extra mass during menopause. One has to learn that weight gain during menopause is inevitable. Weight gain during menopause helps in preparing your body for osteoporosis and several other illnesses. Now it's very easy to get doctor's appointment book an online doctor appointment in Bangalore with http://cure.plus/

Instead of being sad about your unwanted weight gain and attempts to fit into your old clothes, try to live a healthy and active life. Given below are few tips to manage menopause:

·         Avoid junk food

Start by cutting off the junk food from your daily diet. Your body could handle a few bars of chocolates per week or an outside meal, but after menopause, it cannot! To avoid the excess intake of such foods for the few weeks and check if it works for you. Try to depend more on fruits and vegetables.

·         Stay away from crash diets

Keeping your body away from food for a long time will only cause your metabolism to slow down and make you gain more weight in the later life. Seek the help of a nutritionist who can aid you to rebalance your hormone with the help of healthy food and nutrients. This would help you get rid of extra pounds.

·         Avoid losing large amounts of weight

Being very thin will increase the chances of developing osteoporosis.

·         Limit caffeine intake

Control your consumption of nicotine, caffeine, and alcohol. These can intensify water retention.

·         Stay active

Practice aerobic to fasten your metabolism and burn fat.

·         Vitamin D3 is a good escape

Make sure to take calcium and D3 to prevent body pain and ache, bone degeneration, and hair loss.

·         Calcium-rich foods help

Munch on low-fat freshly set curd or a bowl of thin dal, whenever you are hungry.

·         Eat spinach

Include spinach in your daily diet. It is loaded with fiber, antioxidants, calcium, bone strengthening magnesium, and vitamin K. Spinach reduces the risk of stroke, heart disease, cataracts, memory loss, and Alzheimer’s disease. Cook it with garlic and tomato or eat it raw as a salad.


Reaction Quotient

The reaction quotient, Q, is the same as the equilibrium constant expression, but for partial pressures or concentrations of the reactants and products before the system reaches equilibrium.

If Q < K then the reaction is proceeding in the forward direction.

If Q > K then the reaction is proceeding in the reverse direction.

N2O4 (g) 2 NO2 (g)      Keq = 11 atm (T = 373 K)

mix 0.2 mol of N2O4 with 0.2 mol of NO2 in a 4.0 L flask at 100oC.

Q = (PNO2)2 / PN2O4

First find PNO2 and PN2O4 using PV = nRT

See the gas-phase equilibrium problem to determine the equilibrium partial pressures of N2O4 and NO2

General Solution to Equilibria Problems
1. Introduction 2. Equilibrium Constant 3. Reaction Quotient 4. General Solution

Chemistry Practice Problems
Copyright © 1997 by Science Hypermedia, Inc.
Main Index Equilibrium
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