WESTBOROUGH — When news broke of retired Sgt. Ronald Brady's passing from cancer on  Jan. 23, at the age of 71, the Westborough Police Department used their official Facebook page to deliver the news to the community.

This post became a virtual gathering place for the entire town to express their condolences and send their prayers, but it also became a place to celebrate Brady's life and what he meant to the town. The post generated 37 comments, 13 shares, and 102 reactions.  One of the many who were impacted by Brady's life and passing was soon-to-be-retired Police Chief Alan Gordon.

“Everybody loved Ronny,” said Gordon. “He was such a happy guy and he was always in the community.”

Brady, a lifelong resident of Westborough, joined the force as a patrolman in the mid-1960s. By the time Brady retired in 2001, the department employed not only Ronald Brady, but his brother Richard and their father, Henry.  The trio contributed heavily to the camaraderie of the station.

“I got to know Ronny back 1974 when I first started here,” said Gordon. “He was my sergeant.”

Brady was not only an officer whom you could learn from, which Gordon said was particularly important for a rookie officer with a lot of questions, but he was also an officer whom you knew you could depend on.

“If you asked him a question and he didn't know the answer then he knew where to find it,” said Gordon.

Gordon also remembered Brady for his sense of humor in a line of work that is full of hazards. Years ago, said Gordon, Westborough cruisers were equipped with shotguns in the front seat in case of an emergency. Somebody had forgotten to remove a slug from the gun before Brady took over the car for his shift. While reaching for the car's microphone, Brady accidentally bumped the gun and blasted a hole through the window of the cruiser.

Later at the police station, Gordon asked Brady why he was rubbing his ears. Instead of explaining the situation, Brady simply pointed to the blown out police cruiser.

“It was just typical Ron,” said Gordon as he chuckled at the memory. “He was a fun guy to have on your shift and he made it very enjoyable.”

Even after his official retirement, Brady continued to show his dedication to the town. He worked as a reserve officer and frequently helped out during traffic details.  When he had to finally leave police work behind due to his illness in 2016, Brady continued to visit the police station.

Gordon said that he still remembers lessons taught to him by Brady and incorporated them into his role as police chief. One of those lessons was to be able to let things go.

“Not everybody is perfect and people make mistakes but you deal with it when it happens and you never carry a grudge,” said Gordon. “That was one of the biggest things I learned from Sgt. Brady.”

Brady is survived by his wife Linda, their son Ronald, and their daughter Shariann Brady Ewing and her husband, Andrew. He also leaves behind one brother, Dennis, and five grandchildren. A Celebration of Life will be held on Friday, February 9 at 5 p.m. at the Knights of Columbus Hall in Westborough.


slag from smelted metal

Fluxing And Smelting Silver Ore - Mineral Processing

Fluxing And Smelting Silver Ore. Previous Next To make sure you have all the metal, pan the slag. Sometimes the slag will need to be fired more than once.

Slag: From Metals By-product to Valuable Construction Material

Slag is a by-product of the metallurgical smelting process. Slag has a double role: it permits removal of impurities, known as gangue, from the melt by forming oxides.

slag 1 - Washington University in St. Louis

Slag usually refers to a glassy by-product of smelting ore to retrieve the metal.

Copper Smelting - IFC

Copper Smelting Industry Description and Practices Copper can be produced either pyrometallur- metals reduction. Slag should be landfilled or granulated and

Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter eTool - Definitions

Definitions Pretreated scrap metal, rerun slag Slag - A product resulting from the interaction of flux and impurities in the refining and smelting of metals.

Driveway Slag

slag - Wiktionary

Impurities formed and separated out when a metal is smelted from ore are some seventy to ninety million tons of slag from ancient smelting,

smelting | metallurgy |

Smelting metals

These are slag (silicates containing 1.5% lead), matte (sulfides containing 15% lead), and speiss the smelted metal also is commonly contaminated with silver.

Smelting -

Smelting involves more than just"melting the metal out of its ore". Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy; its main use is to produce a metal from its ore.

Process for recovering valuable metals from precious metal

1. A process for recovering valuable metals from precious metal smelting slag, comprising the following steps: a) Smelting the precious metal smelting slag

slag | metallurgy |

Slag, by-product formed in smelting, welding, and other metallurgical and combustion processes from impurities in the metals or ores being treated.

Gold Smelting | How to melt gold - Gold Rush Trading Post

Smelting gold, silver, platinum and other metals at home is a popular trend these days, whereas it used to be of interest only to jewelry designers and artists.

Smelting - Metallo Chimique N.V.

Smelting. The smelters treat all secondary raw materials with a relatively low copper, tin or lead content through reduction. This reaction produces, on the one hand

What is Slag? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK

Metals start to oxidize as they are smelted and slag forms a top crust during this process that protects the liquid metal underneath.

Steel Slag - Material Description - User Guidelines for

Control of Slag and Insoluble Buildup in Ladles, Melting

Control of Slag and Insoluble Buildup in Ladles, Melting and Pressure Pour Furnaces By R. L. (Rod) Naro, ASI International, Ltd., Cleveland, Ohio

slag - definition and meaning -

slag: The vitreous mass left as a residue by the smelting of metallic ore.

Review of ASARCO El Paso Smelting Processes

Output: Copper metal, slag (highly crystalline iron oxide and silicate) with some Review of ASARCO El Paso Smelting Processes . Secondary Copper Smelting .

Smelting - Wikipedia

Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy; its main use is to produce a base metal from its ore. This includes production of silver, iron, copper and other base

Slag - Wikipedia

Aluminum Smelting and Refining - University of Illinois

Primary Metals. Table of Contents 4 Aluminum Smelting and Refining. Solid-phase waste from secondary aluminum production is slag formed during smelting.

smelting facts, information, pictures |

Smelting the concentrate produces a metal or a high-grade metallic mixture along with a solid If the economic value of the metal concentrate in slag is high

Direct Smelting of Stainless Steel Plant Dust - InfoHouse

DIRECT SMELTING OF STAINLESS STEEL PLANT DUST The average analyses of the metal, slag and fume can be seen in Tables 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Table 2.

slag - definition of slag in English | Oxford Dictionaries

stony waste matter separated from metals during the smelt Meaning, pronunciation, example sentences, and more from Oxford Dictionaries


Seriously, Tech Recruiter?

Today I got an email from a random tech recruiter for a contract position in another state. This in and of itself isn’t that uncommon. I receive these emails and phone calls somewhat regularly.

The reason I am talking about this on here was because one part of the job description leaped out at me:

· Fulfills department requirements in terms of providing work coverage and administrative functions during periods of personnel illness, vacation or education

Let me see if I am interpreting the HR jargon correctly. It appears that part of the job requirement is to be a secretary if someone who is one is either ill, on vacation, or attending school.

Seriously? This is a three month contract where the job requires the candidate to have a computer science degree and two years of professional experience coding HTML5, C#.Net, and JQuery and they want you to show up at work and randomly be assigned to answer phones?

Who on earth would want to work for a company where your skills are treated like that? What you are doing is so inconsequential that you can randomly be pulled to do something that requires minimal training and thinking?

When I see this job description, it tells me several things:

– My work is not valued, so I personally won’t be treated with respect. I also will not be paid adequately for my skills, because they too are not valued.

– This company is penny wise and pound foolish. They considered their workers as “resources” in the worst possible usage of the word. Their workers are nothing more than Tetris pieces to be placed where they can fit.

– This company is not interested in establishing a cohesive work force. There will be no institution knowledge because the people working on this project are going to be gone in a few months. No one at the company will treat you with respect because you are going to be gone in a few months anyway, so why bother? The odds of getting a good reference from here is minimal because no one will know what you are supposed to be doing because you will randomly be placed at the front desk to answer phones.

So this is position for someone who doesn’t mind running in a hamster wheel, running constantly but not going anywhere. This company is not interested in attracting top talent and will likely ignore bullying and incompetence because it is easier to turn a blind eye to such behaviors.

Yes, this is a recession. When there is a larger supply of workers than there are positions available, people tend to stop treating their workers with respect or pay them well.

However, it is not a recession for computer programmers, especially ones that have highly in demand skills like HTML5. No one worth a damn is going to tolerate being treated with this degree of disrespect. In fact, I am highly dubious that this company would even know what kinds of questions to ask a developer to determine whether they actually know how to code.

So, random tech recruiter who sent me this email, thank you sincerely for thinking of me for this opportunity, but I have not given up on the hope that I will one day be a great software developer. I am trying to establish a career, not find a job. There is a difference.


American Millennial (American Millennial Biography Book 1)

Written by John Clifford

True story of an American boy growing up during the 90’s and early 2000’s in Florida surrounded by drugs, crime, violence, and computer fraud. This story will leave you speechless as misconceptions about normal life depicted through media & film slip away, and the reality of what happens in many small towns and suburbs is revealed in gut wrenching honesty. A candid Autobiography that follows one life in a story crazier than most fiction novels. This is part 1 in a series that dives into every facet of my life starting with childhood. The drastic contrast of the person I was to the person I became, and the events that transpired in between is unfathomable. A true story of inspiration and overcoming life’s obstacles against all odds.

Available for a limited time


The present review is a detailed discussion on comparable benefits of hand-made cloning (HMC) technique than micro-manipulation based conventional cloning and developed in the author’s laboratory. Hand-made cloning technique does not require micromanipulators, because the manipulations required for both enucleation and nucleus transfer are performed by hand. The HMC technique includes manual bisection of zona-free oocytes and the simultaneous fusion of the somatic cell with two cytoplasts to produce a cloned embryo. The benefits of HMC include low setup costs for limited equipment, no requirement of highly trained expertise and in vitro effciency comparable to traditional somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. Embryos produced by HMC can be cryopreserved and capable of producing live births. The HMC technique is now applied to different species and can be used in large scale nuclear transfer programs.

Keywords: Buffalo, Cloning, Hand-guided cloning, Somatic-cell.

How to cite this article: Singla SK, Raja A, Nala N, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Palta P. Hand-made Cloning: A Guide for Cloning Water Buffaloes. MGM J Med Sci 2014;1(3):126-131.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None


NDAA moving forward in Congress

The very same week Gallup released a poll showing that fear and distrust of the federal government is at a near record high, the Congress is poised to move forward on the National Defense Authorization Act, which would allow for the indefinite detention of Americans:

Congress is pressing ahead with a massive $662 billion defense bill that requires military custody for terrorism suspects linked to al-Qaida, including those captured within the U.S., with lawmakers hoping their last-minute revisions will mollify President Barack Obama and eliminate a veto threat.

Leaders of the House and Senate Armed Services Committees announced late Monday that they had reached agreement on the policy-setting legislation that had gotten caught up in an escalating fight on whether to treat suspected terrorists as prisoners of war or criminals in the civilian justice system.

Responding to personal appeals from Obama and his national security team, the lawmakers added language on national security waivers and other changes that they hoped would ensure administration support for the overall bill.

“I assured the president that we were working on additional assurances, that the concerns were not accurate,” Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman Carl Levin, D-Mich., who spoke to Obama last week, told reporters at a news conference. “That we’d do everything we could to make sure they were allayed, and met.”

While apologists for the language claim that this is needed to fight terrorism, the same rationale was given for passage of the PATRIOT Act. However, the legislation was only used for “terrorism” three times in FY 2009. And don’t believe what so-called “conservatives” tell you, it has not been used 42 times to “thwart” acts of terrorism.

And despite veto threats from the White House because of the “indefinite detention” language, Sen. Carl Levin (D-MI), who has defended the NDAA, claims that the administration asked for protections for American citizens and lawful residents to be removed from the bill:

With a vote likely coming as soon as this this week, you need to call your representatives in Congress and politely tell them vote against the National Defense Authorization Act.


Fence Codes

Fence codes can mean the difference between a fence wall providing protection or causing harm.
Each city, township, or jurisdiction has their own specific fence codes.

Local fence codes may address wall integrity, fire prevention, noise mitigation, aesthetics, wall use, manufacturer qualifications and size requirements. Fence codes stem from a larger sector of national, regional or local building codes. Building codes are rules or guidelines outlining the minimal requirements for constructing edifices and other structures. Such code is designed to protect the general welfare of people by making specifications that guard against endangering health and safety.

Stemming from the Code of Hammurabi, penalties for violation of codes for buildings and fences were once even harsher than they are now. For actual buildings, the Code of Hammurabi stated that if a building killed the owner or his son, the builder would be put to death. If the building was found structurally unsound, the builder had to fix the edifice out of his own money. If a wall was crumbling, the builder also had to repair the wall without further compensation.

In today’s society, building codes vary by countries and governments. As there is much discrepancy between countries on the strictness and enforcement of such safety codes, standard organizations have arose to mandate the associated rules. These organizations are often referred to as national building code organizations, even though further rules may be imposed regionally or locally.

Where local regulations are increased from a national minimum, local leaders work to address specific hazards. For example, areas where natural fires are likely to occur add fire prevention rules. In areas where earthquakes occur, rules emphasize the need for stronger foundations and fortification.

Codes become law when they are formally added to the appropriate jurisdiction. When law, they must be followed by engineers and builders as well as architects, inspectors, developers, insurers and managers. Furthermore, code is the foundation for another optional level of safety precautions. This is often the case with fence codes. While few fence codes offer widespread rules, fence code does serve as a guideline for ensuring health and safety.

Manufacturing and installing a fence or building ultimately has an underlying purpose of protecting people or products from harm. Without adequate building codes and fence codes, a building or fence can be more of a danger than a protector. Referring to codes at all levels of production as well as choosing to follow a higher standard of precautionary measures will certainly add to the longevity and safety of a building or fence.

Aftec, LLC


The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Inc.
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Beyond Illusion & Doubt

Beyond Illusion & Doubt

Despite studying the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence for thousands of years, Western philosophers have not been able to explain the self, the cosmos, and our place in it as comprehensively as the Vedic writings of ancient India, which are known as apaurusheya, "not of human origin."

"To err is human" applies equally to the layman and the philosopher. Most philosophers tend to arrive at a different set of answers to life's fundamental questions. This constant overhauling of philosophies throughout Western history can make the study of philosophy frustrating, especially for anyone seeking practical answers to life's important questions.


Web UI

Here’s the screenshot of the web UI from this older post.

Here’s one from the video posted of the trebuchet cut.

One thing I notice is that the area that used to say “Steps” has been cleaned up. I think that forum feedback likely contributed to that. Another thing is the “bumpers,” as I think I heard them referred to as, the stripes around the material. Hard to see, but it looks like the plugin sends .pdf files? That could be something else. Zero on the rulers now line up with the preview image. We’ve also lost the turkey hand. I’ll start a petition.

“Print (ID 17204)” - Job number? Seventeen thousand prints sent to their cloud computers? I suppose that may not be sequential or may be a unique ID to the printer. Seems unlikely, though.

(laser, no air assist)

We need a hand turkey. I mean what’s the point otherwise? Maybe it’s something you can unlock with enough prints.:rooster:

chants make a petition! make a petition! make a petition! make a petition!!

Custom skins for the UI! However, good post thanks for doing the work. I have to admit, compared to the AI screen, it’s pretty simple. Means preproduction is pretty important.

Oooo, I think the hand turkey should activate the trust function on the GF so you can put your hand on your material and have faith that the cameras can accurately guide the laser around your squishy meat paw…

Ok, maybe not. There’s probably a reason I don’t work in Safety and Health.

That function is for the Pro model. Insert hand into passthrough slot. Maybe they haven’t finished developing it yet since some Pro features may be put off to get these things out the door.

Sounds like I ordered correctly!

wait, how do I get my hand to the conformant 1/4" thickness?

Not to fear, the laser will engrave it down to the right depth - that is why it’s a Pro model feature. You can remove excess flesh with a Class IV laser, but not a Class I.

I’m just going to toss this one in here too.

Hmmm… what else? This shows multiple steps. First “cut” is to score, second is to cut.

It’s named Circleforge. So, Joshforge, Joshforge II (same machine or two different?), Testforge 2, (assuming there is a) Testforge 1, and Circleforge. Others we know of?

Because, why not?

showforge as well

At Maker Faire dan said Joshforge II is a different machine than Joshforge.

Multi step cutting without moving material will be so useful for me. If I recall that was kind of a given, but it is nice to see it in there.


Amalgamations merges dance, music, and ceramic art to collaboratively develop a creative form. Experimentation with the ceramic objects within a system of interactive design generates a rich multi-layered sound and movement vocabulary. The choreography is structured while exploring variations in space, time, and intensity in the created sound and designed environment.

Directed/Choreographed by Fumihiro Kikuchi
Music by Tony Obr
Set Design by Heather Couch
Costume Design by Fumihiro Kikuchi
Lighting Design by Daniel Davisson, Fumihiro Kikuchi
Performed by Heather Couch, Fumihiro Kikuchi, Tony Obr


Generator of Theses for Research Papers

Person Writing Thesis

It is essential to know for all the young people that thesis is the most significant part of every essay. Sure, it may be short and accurate, but it matters a lot anyway. Unfortunately, the majority of young people do not understand the weight of the good thesis. As a result, their papers have worse quality and teenagers get low marks for them. In some cases, students suffer from the absence of inspiration and have no results while creating the major position for their essay. So, they decide to use a specific generator to cope with this issue. Sure, this has both pluses and minuses. However, it makes students’ work easier and faster anyway. Our team prepared some useful information about thesis generators for research papers. In addition, we demonstrated several effective ways on how to create this part of a paper on your own.

What Should It Include?

Many students are not aware of the reason why they have to make any specific thesis for their papers. Moreover, they do not know anything, which has to be included there. So, it is vital to explain what actually a thesis is and which information should be presented in this part of your essay.

  • It is a part of an essay, which shows its purpose, main concept and the weight of the chosen topic.
  • The length of this point has to be one or two sentences. Things should be explained in a short and clear way without details.

Which Benefits Does Online Generator Have?

Online Thesis Generator

First of all, we want to say some things about the positive features of the internet thesis generator. Many students have doubts before using it. However, this is a truly fast and effective method to get a ready-made thesis. If a person creates it by himself, it will probably take a lot of time and write an appropriate phrase. While using specific software, you should not spend hours on writing a thesis. You have to put down the major concepts and keywords of your text in the special applications forms. After several seconds, it will produce the most suitable variant for you.

Why It Is Better to Develop a Thesis by Yourself?

On the other hand, there are several good ways on how to write your own thesis. Sometimes, it is much more beneficial than using a generator. Why? First of all, any program can make a mistake, which you will probably not detect and then get a worse mark after your professor checks the paper. Of course, if is very disappointing to receive a negative grade because of such a small part of the work as thesis statement. In addition, it may sound not creative and original if a machine makes this point but not human.

How to Make a Good Thesis?

Person Typing Text

The next question, which appears is how to make a good thesis statement on your own. As we mentioned before, this is not an easy task. Usually, young people make a lot of mistakes while trying to write it and do not pay attention to the general requirements of its creation. There are some significant instructions, which have to be followed. Our team presents the major of them below.

Avoid Generalizing

You should not make your thesis too general. It has to demonstrate the main idea of your paper and explain its specialty. It is a wrong example of the way, which most of the students use while writing their main statement: “Censorship and its history.” This sounds too broad and does not give the necessary information about the main concept of the text. It is better to use this variant: “The influence of censorship on the life of a modern person and the way is has changed through the history.” Such a thesis shows the main target of an essay and demonstrates why this theme is topical nowadays.

Make It Intelligible

It is vital to use apprehensible tone and language while writing a thesis, as it has to be understandable to all people even if they are not aware of the topic. So, you should avoid too specific terms and slang. Moreover, it is better not to use abstract words because they may disorient your reader. You should prefer simple constructions even while explaining complicated things. Simplicity is the key to success. However, if you write a scientific report, it is possible to use specific words and phrases in case of necessity.

To sum up, this is essential to be able to create a good thesis without the help of any specific programs and generators. It teaches students how to morph their thoughts and ideas into the several sentences and explain them in a simple and short way. As a result, they develop some helpful skills, which play a role not only in college but at work as well. We hope that this article is beneficial for you and brings up the materials which you look for.

Place Your Order Now


The use of zeta potential and DLS measurements in gene therapy research

May 2018

The use of antibodies, either covalently attached onto the surface of neutral and anionic liposomes or used in a complex, is also being investigated. Zeta potential measurements are being used to develop the most efficient formulations of liposomes, peptides, DNA complexes for transfection studies in vivo and in vitro.

Gene therapy is the process by which genetic material is delivered, by means of a vector, to patients for a therapeutic purpose. Vectors are delivery vehicles - usually a virus or a liposome - used to transport the genetic material to target cells in the body.

Both cationic and anionic liposomes are currently being investigated as vectors for gene therapy and their effectiveness in transfection is being studied by research groups and pharmaceutical companies.

Cationic liposomes (positively charged) are complexed with DNA (plasmids) Fig. 1. The liposome:DNA ratio is seen to be essential for optimal transfection.

Zeta potential measurements can be used to optimise the ratio required for particular liposomes with various plasmids Fig 2. The plot also shows the zaverage diameters of the complex formed at various plasmid:liposome ratios obtained from photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measurements. When the complex has either a high negative or positive zeta potential, the size is around 90nm.


Boys & Girls Clubs' Core Programs

The Club provides national, evidence-based, diversified activities that meet the interests of all young people. Core programs encourage activities with adults, peers, and family members that enable kids to enhance self-esteem and fulfill their potential. Based on the physical, emotional, cultural, and social needs and interests of boys and girls, and recognizing developmental principles, the Club offers diversified program activities in five areas:

1. Character & Leadership Development

Helping youth become responsible, caring citizens and acquire skills for participating in the democratic process is the main thrust of these programs. They also develop leadership skills and provide opportunities for planning, decision-making, contributing to the Club and community and celebrating our national heritage.

2. Academic Achievement

BGCA has implemented the programmatic strategy Every Member, Every Year, designed so that all Clubs, no matter their size or resources, can partner with youth, parents, schools and other community stakeholders to implement at least one of three approaches: academic enrichment and school engagement; targeted dropout prevention; and intensive intervention and case management. Our aim is to ensure that all Club members graduate from high school on time, ready for a post-secondary education and a 21st-century career.

Project Learn

3. Health & Life Skills

These initiatives develop young people's capacity to engage in positive behaviors that nurture their own well-being, set personal goals and live successfully as self-sufficient adults. A popular program in this area is:

The SMART Moves (Skills Mastery and Resistance Training) Prevention/education program addresses problems such as drug and alcohol use and premature sexual activity.

4. The Arts

Programs in this core area enable youth to develop their creativity and cultural awareness through knowledge and appreciation of the visual arts, crafts, performing arts, and creative writing. One such program is:

National Fine Arts Exhibit

This year-round program encourages artisitc expression among Club members 5 to 18 through drawing, painting, printmaking, collage, mixed media, and sculpture displayed at local and regional exhibits.

5. Sports, Fitness, & Recreation

These Club programs help develop fitness, a positive use of leisure time, reduction of stress, appreciation for the environment, and social and interpersonal skills. This core area includes:

Triple Play

Triple Play, a comprehensive health and wellness program, strives to improve the overall health of Club members ages 5-18 by increasing their daily physical activity, teaching them good nutrition, and helping them develop healthy relationships.


Farm tools are instruments we use in the farm to aid us in farm work, thereby making it easy.
Such equipments include cutlass, wheel barrow hoe, shovel and axe.

The pick axe is made up of a long wooden handle with a double headed thick metal blade that is
attached to the handle through a loop.

The head of the pick axe is made up of two edges, one part of the end of the blade is pointed,
while the other end is flat and sharp edged. They are mainly used for breaking up of hard soil,
and digging up of roots and tree stumps.

When it is viewed, the hand fork, looks like the kitchen fork we eat with, just that it is a little bit
bigger, it has a short wooden or metal handle with four prongs. It is used in mixing manure into
the soil, for breaking the surface of the soil, so that air and water, can pass easily and it is also
used for the removal of weeds on the seed bed.

It is boat shaped or it is either curved sloop metal blade that is attached to a short wooden or
metal handle. When using it, you hold it with one hand. It helps in the transplanting of seedlings,
for the application of fertilizer and also for the application of manure to the soil, it helps in
loosening vegetable beds, it can also be used for light weeding, sampling or mixing up of soil
and digging holes for the planting of seeds.

The sickle has a curved metal blade that is fitted into a short wooden handle. The inner part of
the curved metal blade is very sharp while the other part, has a blunt edge.

To recognise a sickle when been viewed, it has a structure like that of a question mark (?). It used
in the plucking of fruits. This can only be possible, when it is tied to a long handle, it can also be
used to harvest cereals like rice, wheat barley because they possess thin stems. It can also be
used in the harvest of grasses.

It is made up of a thick heavy metal head that is fitted into a straight wooden or metal handle. At

the end of the thick heavy metal there is a prong which is used for the removal of nails. The
hammer can be used for driving nails into wooden structures whether in the farm or at home, it
can also be used to straighten damaged or bent components of either farm implements or our
home furnitures. It can also be used in the removal of nails from wood.

It is made up of a large head with a wooden handle that is similar to that of a hammer. The entire
body is made up of wood. It is solely used for the hitting of woods like pegs, so that they would
not be damaged in the process, when they are been hit into the ground.

The secateurs are made up of two metal blades of which one has a concave curve while the other
has a convex curve that are joined together at a point. It has two short metal handles with a
spring in between them when handling it; you handle with one hand, while the plant branch to be
cut is held with the other free hand.

To recognise the secateurs it looks like a pair of scissors. It is used for trimming flowers and the
pruning of the branches of shrubs and trees.

It is seen as a pair of an enlarged pair of scissors with two long blades, connected at a appoint by
a bolt and a nut of which the blades are sharpened at one edge not the two sides in other not to
injure some one.

The handle of the shears may be made of wood, metal, plastic or rubber. It is usually handled
with both hands. Shears are used to prune down trees or branches of shrubs, trimming of hedges
and trimming of Ornamental plants used in house decoration.

It is made up of galvanized iron which prevents it from rusting. Some are also made of very
synthetic rubber. The water watering can is made up of a tank, a handle and a spout. This spout is
long with a perforated metal sheet over its mouth which is referred to as the ROSE, but in case of
the rubber made watering can the mouth is covered by a rubber.

It is used to apply water to crops like seedlings in a nursery and vegetables. Some times it is used

in applying liquid fertilizers to crops as well as the watering of cement blocks used for the
constructions of structures and buildings.

The cutlass is one of the commonest used farm tools in Nigeria. They come in various shapes
and sizes. It is a flat long metal blade with a short wooden or plastic handle with one edge sharp
while the other is blunt.

They perform many functions. It is used for the clearing of bushes around your homes, for the
felling of big trees. It is used in harvesting crops like sugar cane, maize, cassava, yam and palm
nut fruits. It is also used in the planting of melon during the planting season, cutlass can also be
used for the transplanting of seedlings, weeding of crops, both in the digging of shallow holes
and used in the trimming and pruning of flowers.

Hoe comes in different types, which are used in Nigeria today. There is the West African hoe and
the Indian hoe. They both have metal blades with a wooden or metal blades.

Hoes are used in tilling the soil, harvesting of crops like cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam,
weeding between the rows of crops, digging of drains, making trenches and foundation of farm
houses, and the making of ridges and mounds.

The hoes all over the world perform the same function but we are going to differentiate them the
West African hoe is made of short curve handle while the Indian hoe has a long handle.

The West African hoe has a round metal blade while the Indian hoe has a rectangular metal
blade. The blade (metal) is attached to the handle with a prong while that of the Indian hoe is
attached to the handle with a hoop.

The spade is made up of a long rectangular flat blade which is attached to a fairly long
cylindrical handle that widens at the posterior end to form a triangular block with a D-shaped
whole for hand when used.

Spade is used for different proposes. It can be used for digging of holes and trenches around us,
for leveling the ground, for making seedbeds, ridges, mounds and heaps, transplanting of

seedlings like palm oil seedlings, turning the soil and the mixing of manures, light weeding in the
farm and at home, mixing of cement and concrete for farm and home structures and the digging
of foundations when constructing farm and home buildings.

Azadirachta indica, also known as Neem, Nimtree, and Indian Lilacis a tree in the mahogany
family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus Azadirachta, and is native to India and the
Indian subcontinent including Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. It is typically grown
in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem trees now also grow in islands located in the
southern part of Iran. Its fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil.
Acacia mangium is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, which is native to
northeastern Queensland in Australia, the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, Papua, and
the eastern Maluku Islands. Common names include Black Wattle, Hickory Wattle, Mangium,
and Forest Mangrove. Its uses include environmental management and wood.
Caesalpinia pulcherrima or Caballero, or Bulaklak ng Paraiso for its medical purposes and for
being one of the most graceful and colorful flowers. It is a species of flowering plant in the pea
family, Fabaceae, which is native to the tropics and subtropics of the Americas. It could be native
of Paradise, Dwarf Poinciana, Pride of Barbados, and flamboyant-de-jardin. The Hawaiian name
for this plant is ʻOhai Aliʻi
Kalachuche is a small, deciduous tree, 3 to 7 meters high, with a crooked trunk, smooth and
shining stems, succulent, with abundant sticky, milky latex. Bark has a smooth, papery outer
layer which is grey, shining, and constantly exfoliating in small flakes. Wood is yellowish-white
and soft. Branches are thick, fleshy, swollen and leafy at the tips. Leaves are crowded at the
terminal end of the branch, commonly oblong in shape, 20 to 40 centimeters long, 7 centimeters
wide, spirally arranged at the ends of the branches. Flowers are numerous, fragrant and large, the
upper portion whitish, while the inner lower portion yellow, 5 to 6 centimeters long. Fruits are
linear-oblong or ellipsoid follicles, with a pointed tip, 15 to 20 centimeters long, 1.5 to 2
centimeters in diameters. Seeds are numerous and winged.
The tea plant is an evergreen of the Camellia family that is native to China, Tibet and northern
India. There are two main varieties of the tea plant. The small leaf variety, known as Camellia
sinensis, thrives in the cool, high mountain regions of central China and Japan. The broad leaf
variety, known as Camellia assamica, grows best in the moist, tropical climates found in
Northeast India and the Szechuan and Yunnan provinces of China. The plant produces dark
green, shiny leaves and small, white blossoms.
The cicadas or chicharra, are a superfamily, the Cicadoidea, of insects in the order Hemiptera
(true bugs). They are in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha[a], along with smaller jumping bugs such
as leafhoppers and froghoppers. It is divided into the Tettigarctidae, with two species in
Australia, and Cicadidae, with more than 1,300 species described from around the world; many
undescribed species remain.

Row planting as applied in conventional horizontal farming or gardening is a system of growing
crops in linear pattern in at least one direction rather than planting without any distinct
arrangement. It is practiced in most crops whether direct seeded, transplanted, or grown from
vegetative planting materials, both in monocropping and multiple cropping.
Multiple row planting is a system of growing crops in blocks or strips of 2 or more rows. The
adjacent blocks are separated by a space which may remain vacant or planted to other crops. This
planting arrangement is common in multiple cropping in which two or more crops are grown in
the same piece of land. It is also employed in monocropping where an alley wide enough to
facilitate passage is needed.
Spatial arrangement or interow planting is the systematic apportioning of the farm area or any
growing surface for crop production. In multiple cropping by intercropping, the intercrop can be
planted in any of the following ways: (1) within the rows of the main crop, (2) between the rows
of the main crop, and (3) in replacement.
Function of Irrigation
Irrigation systems get water from the spigot to your lawn or garden without you having to carry
it in buckets. Overhead systems water large areas from above, while water-saving drip irrigation
systems deliver water at lower rates, allowing it to absorb into the soil where roots can use it.
Adding a timer to an irrigation system automates it so you don’t have to remember to turn it on
or off.
Carry Water
At their most basic, irrigation systems are made up of a series of rigid pipes or flexible tubing
that transport water. Overhead irrigation systems have rigid pipes buried underground, so you
don’t damage them when working in the yard. They are used to water large areas like lawns.
Drip irrigation systems use flexible tubing to carry water. They lay on top of the ground and are
staked in place. These systems are used to water vegetable gardens and mulched ornamental
Regulate Flow
Irrigation systems use valves to control how water travels through the network of piping. All
irrigation units are required to have a backflow preventer or anit-siphon valves that keep water
from flowing back into the main water line, where it can contaminate your home's water. Shutoff ball valves are located at the head of both drip and overhead systems so you can turn off the
water when you need to work on the system or repair it. Control valves on overhead irrigation
units allow you to create zones so you determine what portions of the yard receive water. They
are installed underground with only the top visible and sometimes colored to indicate if fresh or
reclaimed water is used in the system. Drip irrigation systems need a pressure-reducing valve so
the water pressure coming from the spigot won’t pop off the emitter heads.

Spread Water
The two main overhead sprinkler heads types are rotary, which throws water 25 to 60 feet, and
stationary, which pops out of the ground and sends mist 4 to 15 feet into ornamental beds. A drip
system uses emitters punched into the flexible tubing and placed at the base of each plant. The
emitter flow rate should be match to the plant and soil type so it delivers the right amount of
water for the plant. Bubbler emitters flow at a high rate and are used with plants that need to
develop deep roots, like shrubs, while drip emitters have a low flow at 1/2 to 10 gallons per hour
and work well with vegetables. Their low flow make it so water is not discharged onto the soil
between rows, reducing weed growth.
Control Where and When
A timer automates an irrigation system, telling it when to turn on and off so you don’t overwater.
Overhead irrigation systems use a multifunction timer called an irrigation controller. It
determines when the system turns on and off and how much water is sent to each zone. A rain
sensor signals the irrigation controller when it rains so the controller can turn of the water. Drip
irrigation systems use a timer that only turns the water on and off for the amount of time you set
and monitoring of waste. This term is assigned to the material, waste material that is produced
through human being activity. This material is managed to avoid its adverse effect over human
health and environment. Most of the time, waste is managed to get resources from it. The waste
to be managed includes all forms of matter i.e. gaseous, liquid, solid and radioactive matter.

ways to do this. For example:

put that information right on their labels.
someone you know.
instead of driving.
garbage will go to the landfill.
Save energy by turning off lights that you are not using.
requesting that they take your name off of their distribution list:

Direct Marketing Association Mail Preference Service
P.O. Box 9008
Farmingdale, NY 11735-9008

creating waste.

friends, or even have a yard sale.
Use all writing paper on both sides.
Use silverware and dishes instead of disposable plastic utensils and plates.
Store food in reusable plastic containers.

create new products out of the materials from the old ones.
to remember to rinse out and sort your recyclables!

Formula of Trapezium
A= ( a+b ) h


• Decomposers. ( fungus to smaller organisms protozoans and bacteria) .are organisms that feed on corpses of dead organic • Decomposer chain or saprobe chain.might run from a large org.

Use direct observations.samples of potential food are collected from the field and compared with fragments of food in the gut of the animals under study. as birdwatchers do .use of camera 2. Gut analysis. 4 MAJOR METHODS OF STUDYING TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS 1. Serological technique . 3. Radionuclide tracer analysis- 4.

ELTONIAN PYRAMID CONCEPT • Pyramid of consumer layers Size class Number of individuals Fig. 3. Eltonian pyramid of numbers .

e. • Sequence of eating and being eaten.g. FOOD CHAIN • Was first coined by Elton in 1927 • Signifying the feeding links between organisms as food passes from the plant to the herbivore to the carnivore and perhaps to higher carnivore. .

• Corn seed corn seed beetle (carabid herbivore) carabid beetle vole owl sun corn Corn Carabid vole owl seed beetle beetle predator .

1. the presence of hyperparasitoids render some natural enemies ineffective as control agents of pest. Food web . . .The food web shows: .2. possible biotic constraints that affect the natural enemies e. .Top predators feed on a diversity of prey and this prey also feeds upon a variety of other organisms. also shows the potential of combining two or more natural enemies against pest.3.Refers to intersecting food chain .g.The specific roles and interactions among the various organisms involved in a plant system can be viewed ecologically in terms of food chains. shows the regular population of natural enemies . the hyperparasitoids.

carnivores. which include herbivores.Primary consumers (2) –are the primary carnivores (flesh eaters) • Tertiary consumers.representatives of all trophic levels.are secondary carnivores and so on.• Producers – are plants. • Consumers. • Primary consumer. omnivores and parasites. • Top carnivores.animals of the highest link in the food chain • A parasite food chain.typically runs from a small animal (flea) to an even smaller animal (protozoan parasite of flea) to an even smaller still (bacterial disease of protozoan) . the base trophic level transforming solar energy into potential energy in the form of fixed carbon compounds.

Shortage of food will limit population increase.FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB FOOD. TRITROPHIC INTERACTIONS Crop= 1ST trophic level/primary producer Pests= 2nd trophic level/primary consumer Predators Parasitoids 3rd trophic level/ 2° consumer Pathogens of insect pests antagonistic bacteria and fungi of plant pathogens etc. . .is essential to all organisms ecologists regarded food as an organizing influence in communities.


What can be done to improve highway safety?

While the investment of $146 billion outlined in the report will likely have a significant national impact, increased funding is required at all levels of government to reverse America’s current infrastructure crisis.

Therefore, AAA encourages state and local governments to prioritize safer highway design, improve road conditions and eliminate roadside hazards.


Physicians Asked to Help ALS Patients Die Must Evaluate Motivations, Alternatives, Case Report Says

August 13, 2018 - als

Physicians who help amyotrophic parallel sclerosis (ALS) patients die should delicately import their motivations, capacity, and caring goals, while also deliberating alternatives with their patient, according to researchers.

An ALS studious box and commentary, “How Should Physicians Care for Dying Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?” seemed in a AMA Journal of Ethics.

The researchers presented a box of “Dr. S,” a palliative caring medicine in Washington state, that upheld the Washington Death with Dignity (DWD) Act in 2008.

Dr. S had been caring for Donald, a 49-year-old ALS studious who used to be a veteran violinist and a marathon runner. Donald was diagnosed a year before and his illness worsened rapidly.

At a time of his latest appointment with Dr. S, Donald indispensable a wheelchair and compulsory assistance to bathe, use a bathroom, dress, and eat. He was incompetent to use his hands. Although still means to breathe independently, his swallowing duty was worsening. As a result, he had started a diet of pureed food and thickened liquids.

At a appointment, Donald pronounced that, after most thought, he motionless to finish his life. He pronounced that ALS had taken divided all that tangible him or gave his life meaning, and that he was not gentle being totally contingent on others.

He deliberate that surpassing to respiratory assistance or losing a ability to eat or speak would be unacceptable.

“Right now, we can eat. we can talk. we can breathe. we wish to die before we remove anything else of significance to me,” he told Dr. S.

Donald asked Dr. S to assistance him finish his life as he was no longer means to do so. Dr. S, who had perceived such requests before, believed that, in certain circumstances, it is suitable for physicians to support terminally ill patients in dying. However, he found Donald’s box discouraging as, given a patient’s inability to take any drugs prescribed to dive his death, a physician’s purpose would be some-more than “assistance.”

As Donald could not self-administer a indispensable medications, he was not means to means to take advantage of a law. Dr. S disturbed that if not carrying medical assistance to finish his life, Donald could feel deserted and desperate, and potentially pursue an removed and/or aroused approach to die. Given this scenario, Dr. S was wondering how to respond to Donald’s request.

The authors commented that Donald’s box presented a “challenging reliable quandary that asks us to simulate on a ways in that a medicine can act as healer during a finish of life.” The authorised issues compared to physicians who assist in failing (PAD) were also relevant.

They focused on a reliable implications for physicians in formidable situations such as Donald’s, supposing ways to honour his wishes, and discussed authorised implications.

First, they deliberate that Donald’s box was deputy of a line between physicians and euthanasia, that are differentiated by a border of medicine involvement. Unlike PAD, in euthanasia — that is bootleg in a U.S. — physicians discharge fatal drugs on studious request.

In Washington state, patients are authorised for PAD if they are means to make decisions, have a augury of 6 months or less, and are means to take remedy on their own. Donald’s inability to do so underlines a fact that ALS is during a core of reliable debates about PAD, a researchers said.

They advise physicians to delicately try a patient’s proclivity before determining either to honour a request. Donald’s motivations were transparent and common, they noted. The physicians need to be aware of their possess responses as physicians who assistance patients die competence elicit clever reactions from patients. Physicians need to import a harms and benefits, while “seeking to maximize beneficence, nonmaleficence, honour for autonomy, and probity as applicable to a case,” investigators wrote.

Dr. S contingency establish what a “good life” and a “good death” paint for Donald, nonetheless he should be aware that a definition of life competence change rapidly, generally in terminally ill patients, a researchers said.

Once Donald’s motivations have been dynamic to be truly his own, Dr. S should obtain sensitive agree from him, both an reliable requirement to honour Donald’s liberty and a authorised requirement to entrance a DWD (death with dignity) law. At this point, a medicine should plead with a studious what ALS would be like with or but palliative care, as good as palliative caring options. Also, he needs to make certain that Donald is not seeking PAD since he can't means palliative caring options.

Next, a medicine should plead augury and caring goals to equivocate treatments and other clinical decisions that could be some-more damaging than yield tangible benefits. Here, physicians need to import PAD and a harms they see compared with it opposite refusing to yield fatal medications, a authors said.

Besides palliative care, alternatives to PAD would embody willingly not eating or drinking, withdrawing respiratory support and life-sustaining treatments, and pain drugs that dive death.

Overall, “this petrify horizon would assistance Dr. S know Donald’s ask and also concede Donald to cruise other options that competence be improved aligned with his motivations and goals,” a investigators wrote.

If Donald still wanted Dr. S to assistance him die, a medicine could cruise carrying Donald’s family members ready a remedy and assistance put it in his mouth or feeding tube, a procession that has been used in Washington state, according to a authors.

As Donald would afterwards self-administer a medication, he would be means to practice his autonomy. This would safety a patient-physician relationship, and be ethically slight and authorised in Washington state, they said.

However, this choice is argumentative in other U.S. states, as it could be seen as euthanasia. “Currently, this choice resides in a authorised and reliable gray zone,” a investigators noted.

Of note, a study’s comparison author, Elizabeth Dzeng, an MD and PhD, is a highbrow during the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and has been concerned in a statewide and UCSF response to PAD legalization in California.

source ⦿

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Write compare contrast essay conclusion paragraph

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State v. Darby

Court of Appeals of Louisiana, Fifth Circuit

November 15, 2017

          COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE, STATE OF LOUISIANA Paul D. Connick, Jr. Terry M. Boudreaux Thomas J. Butler Megan L. Gorman Kellie M. Rish.

          Panel composed of Judges Jude G. Gravois, Robert M. Murphy, and Stephen J. Windhorst

          GRAVOIS JUDGE.

         Defendant, James Darby, appeals his conviction for second degree murder, a violation of La. R.S. 14:30.1. On appeal, he argues that there was insufficient evidence to convict him. After thorough consideration of the evidence and the applicable law, we affirm defendant's conviction and sentence.

         On April 7, 2016, a Jefferson Parish Grand Jury indicted defendant, James Darby, with the second degree murder of his former girlfriend, Tracey Marshall, a violation of La. R.S. 14:30.1. On April 8, 2016, defendant was arraigned and pled not guilty to said charge.

         Defendant filed motions to suppress the evidence and statement, which were denied on September 9, 2016. Thereafter, on February 14-18, 2017, the case was tried before a twelve-person jury, which found defendant guilty as charged of second degree murder.

         On February 21, 2017, defendant's motions for a new trial and post-verdict judgment of acquittal were denied. On that same date, after defendant waived sentencing delays, the trial court sentenced defendant to life imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. Defendant filed a written motion, and also made an oral motion, for reconsideration of sentence, which were denied. Defendant then filed a timely motion for an appeal following sentencing on February 21, 2017, which was granted that same day. On appeal, defendant contests the sufficiency of the evidence used to convict him of the second degree murder of Tracey Marshall.

         At approximately 9:40 p.m. on the evening of December 13, 2015, Deputy Henry Dejean of the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office responded to a call at 2409 Avenue Mont Marte in Terrytown, Louisiana, of shots fired in the area. Deputy Dejean canvassed the area where he was told the gunshots had originated, but due to inclement weather, could not locate any evidence of a shooting. The following morning, the victim Tracey Marshall's neighbor, Kalie Alberti, called the police after she observed Ms. Marshall's head hanging out of the shattered driver's-side window of her vehicle in the parking lot of their condominium complex.

         Ms. Marshall, who was employed by the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office as a deputy, had been in a long-term relationship with defendant before their break-up in November of 2015. As a result of their break-up, Ms. Marshall moved out of defendant's residence in New Orleans and into a condominium next door to Ms. Alberti. Ms. Alberti recalled that a few days before Ms. Marshall's murder, she received a phone call from defendant, who asked her whether she had seen Ms. Marshall because he had been unable to reach her. Defendant then told Ms. Alberti that he believed Ms. Marshall was seeing someone else based on his seeing a silver Expedition parked in the parking lot of Ms. Marshall's condominium. Ms. Alberti told defendant that the Expedition belonged to her (Ms. Alberti's) boyfriend and not to Ms. Marshall. Defendant concluded their conversation by explaining to Ms. Alberti that Ms. Marshall "owed" it to him to at least answer his phone call. Based on the information Ms. Alberti provided, defendant was developed as a suspect in Ms. Marshall's murder.

         Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office Deputy Ian Donahue was the first officer to arrive on the scene of the homicide. Upon arrival, Deputy Donahue discovered that Ms. Marshall's car window had been shattered and that she had been shot.[1]Dr. Susan Garcia, an expert in the field of forensic pathology, conducted an autopsy on Ms. Marshall. Dr. Garcia testified that the cause of Ms. Marshall's death was multiple gunshot wounds, and the manner of death was classified as a homicide. Dr. Garcia noted five separate entrance wounds located on various parts of the victim's body, including her chin, the left side of her arm, the left side of her head, and her upper back. Further, based on the imprints on Ms. Marshall's chin, Dr. Garcia opined that she was likely turned to her left, as if looking out of the window, when the first shot was fired, the imprints having been caused by the shattered window glass.

         Deputy Donahue secured the scene of the homicide and began searching for evidence. An empty black gun holster was found a block away in a neighbor's yard and was submitted for DNA analysis, but had insufficient DNA for comparison. Detective Thomas Gai also participated in the recovery of evidence from the scene. A series of eight .45-caliber casings located near Ms. Marshall's vehicle, a projectile located next to a nearby dumpster, two projectiles located inside Ms. Marshall's vehicle, and Ms. Marshall's fully loaded service weapon were recovered, confirming that she had not fired her weapon at the time she was shot. Two cellular phones belonging to Ms. Marshall were also recovered. It was determined that the .45-caliber casings had been fired from the same weapon and were consistent with a Glock automatic pistol. The projectiles were further found to be consistent with .45-caliber class ammunition, and the gun holster discovered in the neighboring yard was determined to be capable of fitting a Glock .45-caliber pistol. Detective Gai testified that there was damage to the driver-side window, consistent with a projectile entering the window, and several bullet holes found inside the vehicle, which were consistent with gunshot rounds having been fired into the vehicle from the driver's side and exiting on the passenger side.

         A neighbor, Gary Barnes, told the police that he had heard a series of gunshots around 9:30 p.m. on the night of December 13, 2015. When he glanced out of his window, he saw a vehicle cross his driveway at a high rate of speed, disregarding the posted stop sign. He described the vehicle as a four-door medium-sized vehicle, dark in color, but that he could not see the driver.

         The day following Ms. Marshall's murder, her boyfriend, Gerald Francis, contacted the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office after learning of her death. Pursuant to an interview with Mr. Francis, it was learned that Ms. Marshall and Mr. Francis had been dating for approximately two months prior to her murder. Around 6:15 p.m. on December 13, 2015, Ms. Marshall and Mr. Francis met at the Walgreens on St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans, each in their own vehicles. From there, they walked across the street to Houston's Restaurant for dinner, and then proceeded to the French Quarter where they listened to live music before concluding the evening at Club Good Times II. Mr. Francis then drove Ms. Marshall to her vehicle at the Walgreens where they parted ways. While on his way home, Mr. Francis spoke to Ms. Marshall on the phone until she reached her home in Terrytown. At that point, because it was raining heavily, Ms. Marshall advised Mr. Francis that she was going to wait in her car until the rain stopped. They were still talking when during their conversation, Ms. Marshall suddenly said "boy" as if "somebody scared her, " and then her phone went dead.

         Mr. Francis stated that he attempted to call Ms. Marshall back several times, and sent her text messages to see if everything was okay, but received no response. The following morning around 6:00 a.m., Mr. Francis again attempted to call and text Ms. Marshall as they typically spoke during Ms. Marshall's drive to work, but again he received no response.[2] Later that day, Mr. Francis was watching the news when he learned that Ms. Marshall had been murdered. It was at that time that he contacted the police.

         Elizabeth Memtsas, a friend of Ms. Marshall, recalled a phone conversation she had with Ms. Marshall one day in 2015, where Ms. Marshall was very upset and voiced her desire to leave defendant, but stated that she was unable to do so because defendant would never allow it due to his jealous nature. She further recollected a time in 2015 when she and Ms. Marshall were shopping and noticed that defendant had been following them. She stated that Ms. Marshall told her to "stay calm, " then "exchanged words" with defendant before he drove off. In another instance, Ms. Memtsas heard defendant arguing with Ms. Marshall while he was on speakerphone and told Ms. Marshall that she needed ...

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Yehoram gaon - yours - M1911 pistol series - Internet Movie Firearms Database.

Type I AK-47, hybrid stamped/milled receiver with prototype slab sided magazine - 7 mamy blue is a 1970 song written by french songwriter hubert giraud. 62x39mm originally lyrics, rendered in english 1971 become an. While it was intended for the AK to use all stamped parts cost from internet movie firearms database guns movies, tv and video games Mamy Blue is a 1970 song written by French songwriter Hubert Giraud
Yehoram Gaon - YoursYehoram Gaon - YoursYehoram Gaon - Yours


Pilates Privé Paris

Individual. Focused. Private.

At Pilates Privé, you will enjoy a tranquil setting where you can focus your mind on your body in a light, airy space that is never crowded with other people.

You will profit from the undivided attention, detailed instruction & helpful motivation of some of Europe’s best trained, US-certified and fully bi-lingual instructors, both online and in person.

Bien sûr, nous enseignons en français ! Et vous pouvez traduire ce site - en français, en arabe ou en russe - en utilisant le menu situé au bas de chaque page.

You will learn to move with control, balance, strength, flow and ease in an exercise program that is individually designed to achieve your personal goals and grow with you on your path to physical fitness and equilibrium.

Come see what Pilates Privé can do for you:

- Joseph H. Pilates

Joseph Pilates' small private studio in NYC.

Over 80 years ago, Joseph Hubert Pilates had a vision of well-being for all people based on his years spent rehabilitating wounded soldiers in World War I England, furthered by his later work with professional dancers like Martha Graham and George Balanchine in New York City.

Built on these experiences, and rooted in the theories of Friedrich von Schiller and others, Joe Pilates envisioned the use of the incredible power of the human mind to mold the body from the inside out. Pilates went on to build a system of exercises that all share a common requirement:  complete mental focus on the individual muscles being exercised at that moment.

Concurrently, Pilates realized an anatomical truth: that the overall fitness of the human body emanates from the inside out: that the deepest muscles (what we call the “Core” muscles) must be isolated and developed in series, as all other body systems depend on the Core for balance, stability and strength to function optimally. This combined state of brain-muscle awareness and internal-external equilibrium, called “the Mind-Body Connection”, is the basis of all true Pilates work, regardless of its current source.

Pilates exercises are not designed to leave you tired, winded and sore. In fact, the opposite is true. By allowing movements to stretch your muscles as you simultaneously work on strengthening them, you are creating a habit of relaxed effort, creating muscle-memory maps for your body to follow. You'll discover a newfound ease in executing even routine daily tasks. Structured around the deep core muscles of your body or "powerhouse" (i.e. thorax, hips, back and buttocks), the exercises of the Pilates Method are instrumental in creating and maintaining good posture, balance and alignment.

Joe Pilates circa age 78!

Because you stretch your muscles as you strengthen them, you are extending flexibility, increasing control, and heightening awareness of length and range of movement. The result is a super-strong abdominal center, long & lean muscle, supple spine and a refined sense of movement and ease.

Joseph Pilates, despite living a long healthy life of 87 years, didn’t live to see what has become of his vision, but we believe he would not agree with a lot of what has transpired in recent years.

Pilates like many exercise regimens before it, has become highly commercialized: that is it has been expanded from Joe’s focus on individual or small group sessions and expanded (often by large corporations making profits from volume equipment sales) into noisy, chaotic and overpopulated classes with too many students and only one instructor - quite remarkably, sometimes none!  Or what is often people’s current Pilates experience: a room crammed with instructors shouting over each other to be heard and their distracted clients.

 A typical crowded Pilates studio.   Never private, and hardly focused on you alone.

A typical crowded Pilates studio.

Never private, and hardly focused on you alone.

Hardly the way to generate the keen mental focus and attention to controlled body movements that Joe Pilates demanded in his small studio in 1940s New York City!

At Pilates Privé studios, our focus is on individual private instruction. Although we agree that bringing more people to Pilates is a general positive, large classes are too often a poor introduction to a complex exercise regime. Indeed, over the last eleven years we have seen that if our clients wish to achieve the real physical & mental benefits that Joseph Pilates envisioned for them, they also must learn Pilates the way he taught it: with singular focus in a private environment being taught by a dedicated, highly trained and passionate instructor.

Undivided attention from your instructor and complete focus on your exercise makes the difference!

Our instructors are highly trained and passionate about helping their students live healthier lives by understanding their bodies and how to improve them.

All content is © 2018 Pilates Prive International. Trademarks are the property of their respective owners. All information contained herein is subject to change without notice, and neither Pilates Privé, its staff or management are liable for any errors or omissions on this site.


Pynter Bender

Jacob Ross

Pynter Bender is a child of the cane fields of Grenada, the second smallest independent state in the world. This extraordinary novel, Jacob Ross’s first, experienced through a boy born blind but whose eyes are healed, charts the painful awakening of a rural population, essentially organised around serfdom, into a raw and uncertain future that can only be achieved through fighting, a civil war that Pynter is drawn in to.

Pynter’s father leaves him to be brought up by the Bender women, a close-knit group of aunts and cousins, and Pynter’s early life is shaped by these women. He begins to understand a world beyond them when his uncle, Birdie the Beloved, the best baker on the island, occasionally returns to the family on his brief periods out of jail. When Pynter comes to love a woman, and later flees his family to hide in the canes from the marauding soldiers, he can no longer ignore the violent world beyond the yard where he lives.

Reviews of Pynter Bender

  • “Pynter Bender is so beautifully profound. It is strange and otherworldly. It has the narrative power and seamless craft of a masterpiece. It is a book for all time.” Bernardine Evaristo

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Her, Him, an attic and letters from loved ones. These are the basic components that make up Michelle Cahill’s Thirteen Steps to the Attic, a restrained yet evocative piece of dance theatre at this year’s Galway Theatre Festival. Using sparse props and a single door as set, Cahill fills the stage with movement and text to create a story of isolation and intimacy. Although hampered from reaching its full potential by some technical aspects, the show is a dynamic meditation on the body as the conduit of memory and how we feel our past, rather than just remember it.

More so than a text-based play, the narratives of dance-theatre pieces are often subjective and left up to each audience member to decide how it ties together, so take any interpretation on my part with a grain of salt. That said, Cahill does not leave us in the dark with how to navigate Thirteen Steps. There are musings on memory and the perfect cup of tea, readings of letters by close but distant friends, reenactments of demanding and disheartening ballet classes and thoughts of Him. Directed by Rowan Tolley, the disjointed fragments of Cahill’s experience string together to form a narrative of someone who goes seeking intimacy but often finds seclusion.

The repetition of musical themes and patterns of movement, coupled with Cahill’s regimented technique suggest there are rules to be followed and rituals to be be observed. Yet, at points throughout the piece, these structures warp to show the emotion behind them. One particular highlight comes as Cahill is reminded of Him and, bathed in a deep pink lighting, performs a tender, intimate dance. This tension between structure and freedom creates space for an audience to access these memories with Cahill and shows how she uses the body as a way to collect and interpret memory.

At times however, I did feel I was being kept at a distance from the performance due to some technical aspects. Although the music of the piece, composed and played by Thieves of Silence, suited the tone of the show throughout, it was sometimes just too quiet and not full enough to pull me in, allowing me to focus on incidental noises being made on stage. At points when pre-recorded music was played over the speakers, this problem was negated and I felt myself falling back into the piece.

Some lighting choices also broke the illusion of the show, mainly the fact the audience was often bathed in the stage lighting. I realise the size of the Nun’s Island Theatre venue may have been a factor here, but the strength of the show lies in its use of imagination in creating a captivating performance space. By bringing my focus to the audience, I was distracted and pulled out of the world being created on stage. These are minor stipulations I realise, but ones that nevertheless kept me from a sense of joyful abandon.

This being said, Thirteen Steps to the Attic offers an hour of something different in the Galway Theatre Festival line-up. The blending of movement and text coupled with beautiful imagery breathes space for an audience to experience something different and consider how we perceive memory and its affect on our lives. Catch this piece at Nun’s Island Theatre, 6th and 7th May at 7pm.

Image by Paul Uriarte


Incoming president’s strength is his unpredictable nature

“Trump makes people uncomfortable. It’s what he does best, in fact. But how this quality applies to foreign policy is a question that merits deeper exploration than knee-jerk displays of stricken disbelief.” These words come from Stratfor’s Reva Goujon, in the Dec. 18, 2016, journal article entitled, “The Trump Doctrine: A Work in Progress.”

Donald Trump does have a core set of beliefs that will govern his actions in foreign affairs, as Henry Kissinger noted in a Dec. 18 interview with “Meet the Nation.”

Both the current president and the president-elect have a common shared core belief and at the same time, they have worldviews with strongly differing time perspectives and concerns. Both have the benefit of our geography to choose between globalism and nationalism.

Both the incoming and outgoing presidents are realists.

President Obama, according to Goujon, “considered it his mission to rebalance the United States after the country had overextended itself fighting wars in the Islamic world.”

Obama has wanted to pivot from the Middle East to deal with the growth of China, a superpower in the making. He has been hindered in this shift by constantly having to deal with the Middle East and Russia.

At the same time, Obama “built a foreign policy based on extreme restraint while addressing his own set of geopolitical anachronisms: the United States’ relationships with Iran and Cuba,” according to Goujon.

Simultaneously, Obama thought in long-time horizons, often receiving criticism for caring more about climate change over the “short-term impact posed by the Islamic State.”

America, in Obama’s view, must develop new technologies, such as green power, and devalue fossil fuels of coal and petroleum. New American jobs would come through technological innovation and through offering free college educations for disadvantaged youth.

Trump, too, is a realist, but his realism is nationalistic and more myopic.

Trump’s way to solve the loss of jobs in this country is to punish our trade partners rather than deal with demographic and technological change. He will spend a lot more time working to deregulate businesses than he will dealing with climate change.

According to Trump, the market will create incentives enough without U.S. subsidies to green technology or to free college educations. Oil and coal will be around for a long time and facing that reality is part of Trump’s economic worldview.

Trump has challenged the 40-year-old Cold War relationship with China over Taiwan, and with a few tweets has forced China and the U.S. to deal with reality on this issue. Trump believes, and rightly so, that China needs us more than we need China. This gives the U.S. the negotiating edge over that country. The incoming president plans to use that advantage to America’s benefit.

Trump will also give our allies the “opportunity” to defend themselves, rather than to continue with long-held alliances, even if it upsets long-term security agreements and puts some allies at risk.

Obama’s greatest strength has also been his greatest weakness: his policies are consistent and therefore predictable to our adversaries. Trump’s greatest strength is his unpredictability. He gives the impression, according to Goujon, that “he is willing to throw caution to the wind and rely on instinct in shaping foreign policy.”

Both friend and foe alike must keep on their toes when developing their long-term strategies, to avoid unnecessarily angering and antagonizing the world’s only superpower. The whole world feels unnerved trying to figure out what Trump will do next.

Because America has two major oceans buffering it from most of the rest of the world, America has the luxury of deciding whether it will be a globalist power, or a nationalist nation focused on its own issues. Most of the rest of world does not have that option.

The future president, Donald Trump, is the person in the center of “crack-the-whip.” When he turns a little, those on the end of the line will have to move faster to keep up. Some may fall by the wayside. The rest of the world will constantly have to cope, as Trump exercises his changes.

We American citizens, as part of the world, will find our lives deeply affected by our president-elect’s decisions, but making people uncomfortable is what he does best.

More in Opinion

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A reader responds to an “divisive and inflammatory” Wally’s World column.

Living in an era where emotions, opinions outweigh the facts

If you have enough money and political power, you can probably find an expert to endorse your position.

Even with postage paid, voters couldn’t send ballots on time

Spotting outsiders in our little city

We must move away from identity politics

Polarizing politics works to squash the moderate middle

Enumclaw VFW cites long list of community service

A victory they didn’t want means a fight they worked to avoid

Economy rises and falls, regardless of who’s in the Oval Office

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At long last, meet Ardipithecus ramidus
October 2, 2009 8:10 AM, by Brian Switek

Ardipithecus ramidus full skeletal restoration by artist Jay Matternes
Two restorations of "Ardi", a 45% complete skeleton of Ardipithecus ramidus published in Science. Restorations (including the full skeletal restoration below) by artist Jay Matternes.

The stories of "Ida" and "Ardi" could hardly be more different.

Ida was a lemur-like primate that lived 47 million years ago in an area that is now Messel, Germany. Ardi was much closer to us; she was one of the earliest hominins and lived 4.4 million years ago in what would become known as Ethiopia.

When the bones of Ida were discovered they were held in a private collection for years before being sold for an undisclosed sum to paleontologist Jorn Hurum. The first bones of Ardi were found in the field in 1992 by paleoanthropologist Gen Suwa. Enough fossils were found for an initial publication two years later, but the search continued for years afterward. That search has yielded over 100 bones from Ardi's kind, representing about 36 individuals. Ardi is the most complete individual, with about 45% of the skeleton intact.

From almost the time of her acquisition by Hurum, Ida was groomed to be a star. The media company Atlantic Productions began to work with Hurum and immediately started the production of a book, several documentaries, and a bombastic public unveiling of a discovery they said would "CHANGE EVERYTHING." The scientists describing Ida were forced to rush their study to meet the deadline set by the company The bones of Ardi and her kin, by contrast, were scrutinized with great detail over 15 years. So secret was the study of her bones that some frustrated paleoanthropologists called it the "Manhattan Project of anthropology."

Ida was introduced to the public as the "ancestor of us all", but the science behind this claim was flimsy. She was more closely related to lemurs than to us. Ardi, however, sits relatively close to the base of the human (i.e. hominin) family tree. Whether our species can trace its ancestral heritage back through hers will be something that will be debated in the months and years to come, but she is nevertheless one of our closest extinct relatives.

Ardipithecus ramidus by Csotonyi

*[I apologize if these technical names are cumbersome, but they are important. There are only a few hominin genera but many species, and when talking about Ardipithecus it is important to distinguish between the species given attention in this post, Ardipithecus ramidus, and its older sister species Ardipithecus kadabba.]

Ardipithecus SkeletonContrary to the tirades of creationists, paleontologists have identified many evolutionary transitions in the fossil record, and the early history of hominins presents us with some of the most compelling evidence for evolutionary change. The nearly 45% complete skeleton of Ardipithecus ramidus, along with numerous other skeleton fragments from the same species, will enhance our understanding of what our earliest human relatives were like. Depending on your expectations, the skeleton is either very surprising or is consistent with ideas that have been kicked around for some time now.

One of the BIG questions in paleoanthropology, the kind that grabs the attention of the public as well as researchers, is "What was the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans like?" The traditional view is that the last common ancestor was a chimpanzee-like knuckle-walker, thus meaning that living chimpanzees are evolutionarily conservative (or have not changed much) while humans have changed radically. A key feature that makes us different from our closest ape relatives is our habitually bipedal posture. How, when, and why did early humans rise up off their knuckles and stand tall?

I say "stand tall" because there has long been an element of mythic storytelling in hypotheses involving the origins of our kind. We want to know the moment our ancestors went from "dumb monkeys" to "noble apes." (See the book Narratives of Human EvolutionNarratives of Human Evolution for more on this.) As such the origin of bipedalism has often been attributed to the beginnings of other "defining" human characters. Our ancestors stood up to free their hands to gesticulate and carry tools, to allow mothers to carry babies more comfortably, to let them see predators and potential prey in the tall grass of the savanna, &c., &c. &c. The emphasis has long been on why our earliest ancestors stood up, but Ardipithecus ramidus suggests that they were already standing upright when they came down from the trees.

Ardipithecus Ramidus handSince the discovery of "Lucy" paleoanthropologists have recognized that the early australopithecines, a diverse group of hominins including both our ancestors and other now-extinct lineages, had their hands in the trees and their feet on the ground. They had long arms with curved fingers suited to climbing in trees yet from the hips down they were adapted to walking bipedally. When the remains of even older hominins were found, like the ~6 million year old Orrorin tugenensis from Kenya and the controversial ~7 million year old hominid Sahelanthropus tchadensis from Chad, they too appeared to posses some traits related to bipedalism. The problem was that these older fossils were very incomplete; Orrorin is represented by a few carnivore-gnawed scraps and Sahelanthropus by a skull and a few teeth. More complete skeletons would be needed to see to what extent early hominins possessed bipedal and arboreal traits. Ardipithecus ramidus does so nicely.

The femur, or thigh bone, may also provide a crucial clue to the bipedal habits of Ardipithecus ramidus. Based upon the skeletal restoration published in the Science papers the femur this hominin was oriented to meet the knee-joint at an angle. It might not look like it when you view your own legs, but if you could see your own skeleton when you stood up straight you would see the same orientation, only to a greater extent. This, along with the development of muscles between the top of the femur and the hip, are essential to keeping balance while walking upright.

Ardipithecus ramidus foot

This does not mean that Ardipithecus ramidus walked upright all the time or walked like we do, however. It probably only walked upright while on the ground, preferring to move on all fours by grasping while in the trees, and the muscles important to stabilization while walking were not as developed as in later, habitually bipedal hominins. Ardipithecus ramidus also had a very ape-like foot (see image to the left) with a divergent big toe. In our foot our big toe is in line with the rest and assists with the big push-off at the end of a step. Ardipithecus ramidus lacked this adaptation for walking on the ground. Between its foot morphology and lesser development of the hip muscles for balance, Ardipithecus ramidus may have even slightly swayed side to side while walking.

Yet there was an important difference between the foot of Ardipithecus ramidus and that of living chimpanzees and gorillas. The living African apes have flexible feet useful for grasping, almost like a second pair of hands. In monkeys and other primates, however, a particular bone (the os peroneum) embedded within a foot tendon helps keep the foot rigid, especially when jumping from one surface to another. According to the authors of the study, our close ape relatives have lost this "rigid foot" adaptation while our species has retained it. It appears that Ardipithecus ramidus had this "rigid foot" mechanism too, and this relatively simple trait might have had a major effect on its ability to walk on land. Being able to keep a rigid foot while walking on the ground might have been a subtle feature that nevertheless had great importance as early hominins began to walk on the ground more often.

In general, though, it appears that the adaptations that allowed Ardipithecus ramidus to walk upright on the ground were exaptations. Adaptations that its ancestors possessed for life in the trees were advantageous to walking on the ground and were modified to fit a more terrestrial lifestyle. Pre-existing adaptations to life in the trees were put to new use on the ground and began to be shaped by this new mode of life.

But why would Ardipithecus ramidus have walked on the ground so often? What pressures caused the selection of bipedal traits? These questions are difficult to answer, but the scientists behind the descriptive papers hypothesize that Ardipithecus ramidus was a more generalized feeder than living chimpanzees. It did not go as high up into the canopy in search of fruit, and instead ate a wider variety of food more often, something that drew it to the ground. This hypothesis might be able to be tested by looking at what istopes are preserved in the teeth of Ardipithecus ramidus, but even then we can't necessarily be sure we're asking the right questions. I have no doubt these questions will be debated for some time to come.

There is plenty more that could be said (and certainly will be said) about Ardipithecus ramidus, but the question many people want answered is "How does it fit into our family tree?" The answer is not as straightforward as you might think, and whatever we say now will have to be tested against new discoveries. It will be important to compare even earlier fossil humans and chimpanzees to Ardipithecus ramidus to test what we hypothesize today.

Ardipithecus ramidus is more similar to other early hominins, like australopithecines, than chimpanzees. This makes it one of our early human relatives, but a question remains; was it ancestral to us or does it simply represent the form our true hominin ancestors exhibited at one point in time? Tim White, one of the lead architects of the Ardipithecus ramidus analysis has long favored a straight-line-progression of early hominins, and he slots Ardipithecus ramidus into this sequence. (See his recent essay in The Paleobiological Revolution.)

If White's view is correct, Ardipithecus ramidus would be a chronospecies, or a particular stage in a direct, gradual line of descent that did not have any side branches or splits. This would mean that paleoanthropologists are looking at different forms of a single species at different points in time. As such Ardipithecus ramidus would not have evolved as a result of a speciation event but would instead represent a particular "phase" in a narrow line of hominin evolution. Ardipithecus kadabba transitions to Ardipithecus ramidus which shades into Australopithecus anamensis which turns into Australopithecus afarensis, after which the human evolutionary tree splits between the earliest members of the genus Homo and other australopithecines.

The idea that early hominins shaded into one another in a straight line of descent requires substantial evidence to corroborate. Based upon what we see elsewhere in the fossil record, and even among living species, it is difficult to believe that there were no speciation events that resulted in ancestor species and descendant species living side-by-side for a time. We expect splits, and it may be that what appears to be a straight chain of evolution is only that way because we are still dealing with an incomplete record in terms of time and biogeography. It is also difficult to be sure of direct ancestor-descendant relationships when dealing with extinct organisms, and this is true of hominins just as well as other extinct vertebrates. (White's complaints about "cladists" aside.) We want to know whether this or that early hominin was ancestral to us, but in many cases we cannot know for sure. I have no doubt that there are plenty of other early hominins to be discovered, and as they are found it I would expect a "bushier" picture of human evolution to emerge.

Three hypotheses early hominin evolutionThree hypotheses of early hominin evolution.

Three hypotheses of early hominin evolution

Top - That there was a straight line of hominin evolution, each "species" being the phase or grade of one true natural species.
Middle - A single line of hominin evolution with a speciation event in the same area in which the earliest Australopithecus split from Ardipithecus ramidus.
Bottom - Ardpithecus ramidus as one of the last members of a more archaic lineage which existed after a speciation event elsewhere in Africa that gave rise to the first Australopithecus. Published in Science.

While the authors of the present study seem to prefer Ardipithecus ramidus as a "chronospecies" between Ardipithecus kadabba and Australipithecus anamensis (a hominin known from fragmentary remains thought to be intermediate between Ardipithecus and Australopithecus afarensis), they do present two alternative hypothesis (though not in much detail). There may have been some sort of speciation event between the last Ardipithecus and the first Australopithecus, either within the same geographical area or outside it, and either of which could falsify the idea that there was just one lineage of hominins evolving in a gradual fashion in one place. It may even be that Ardipithecus ramidus represents a remnant of an earlier evolutionary split among the earliest hominins. Future discoveries will be needed to test these ideas, but at the moment I must admit that the "chronospecies" pattern preferred by White is a little difficult for me to swallow. It would appear to be consistent with the evidence at present, but I very much doubt that all the relevant evidence is in yet.

Arguments over the tempo and mode of evolution aside, the assorted collection of Ardipithecus ramidus fossils are very impressive and will no doubt be important to our understanding of early human evolution for many years to come. While some have said that the new fossils are more important than "Lucy", I think this is a mistake. Ardipithecus ramidus is so impressive because of the mosaic of features it exhibits when compared to other early hominins and living apes (including us). It is best understood as part of an transitional series in which the evolution of particular features can be tracked. If anything, the fossils of Ardipithecus ramidus make the bones of other early hominins more important; by comparing them to each other that we can achieve a better understanding of our own evolutionary heritage.

[To get the papers summarized in this blog post, visit the special Ardipithecus ramidus webpage hosted by Science.]

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poynterjeffrey says...
26th December 2016 4:11am
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Those involved in violence identified but will not be charged.

The government says those involved in the unrest in Digana and Teldeniya have been identified. But it is said that none of them will be charged because of there close links to a VIP of the new party and involvement of Buddhist monks.

Speaking at the weekly cabinet decisions media briefing, co-cabinet media spokesperson Minister Rajitha Senaratne said those involved in the clashes belonged to a political party but refused to name the political party due to pressure from a government VIP.

The Minister said of the four individuals involved in the incident in Digana, two were newly elected at the recent Local Authority Election, another was a Head of the party and a district organizer and the other was a monk involved in the party. Minister Senaratne said in the Teldeniya attacks the government found a Parliamentarian of the Kandy district and another Secretary of an MP involved.

Although the Minister stressed stern action will be taken against those who organized the incidents no one takes it serious because the PM or the President will stop any action to be taken against the organisers of the riots. This government came to power saying that they will take action against the Mahinda and his brothers who are accused of Frauds and killings, but after three years in power no one has been charged and the press reports say that the PM and the President have been missusing there powers to protect the VIP’s of the former government.

 He charged violence was carried out against minorities because the government received all the minority votes adding the main aim of the parties which lost was to break the minority votes from the government.

The Minister stated groups attempting to spread racism on social media have also been identified adding action will be taken within the next few days against the individuals who were responsible for this. Minister Rajitha Senaratne also said the government has identified the social media platforms in which this was happening adding it is necessary to ensure steps are being taken against these activities.

He stressed the government had been notified regarding social media profiles and those responsible for it and the group going against the government.

The Minister added there’s another group of individuals trying to spark communal violence adding some of them are attempting to target the President and the Prime Minister while another set of individuals are paying and using them to inflict racial disharmony.