Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts resulting in narrowing (strictures) of the biliary tree.

The cause and mechanism of the disease is still largely unknown although is likely multifactorial process involving genetic and environmental risk factors, activation of the immune system and disorder of bile production by the liver.

Young males are mainly affected, with an average age at diagnosis of 40 years.

While many people have no symptoms, the majority complain of tiredness, itchiness, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), fevers and abdominal pain. The majority of people with PSC also have inflammatory bowel disease.

Liver function tests are usually abnormal (increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) most commonly) and the bilirubin level can be raised with biliary obstruction.

The diagnosis is usually made by liver imaging with MRI/MRCP which show the derangement of the bile ducts both within and outside the liver although is some cases only the smaller biliary ducts within the liver are involved (small-duct PSC). It is important that secondary causes of sclerosing cholangitis are excluded.

PSC can be complicated by the episodes of cholangitis (biliary infections), requiring antibiotics. Jaundice due single ‘dominant strictures’ of the bile duct may present with jaundice and require treatment by endoscopy (ERCP). In some cases PSC progresses to cirrhosis, which may require liver transplantation. Unfortunately, in the absence of effective drug treatments, transplantation remains the only treatment proven to be effective for selected patients with PSC, particularly those with liver failure or severe symptoms due to blockage of the bile ducts. Mostly however, symptoms such as pruritus can be improved by drug treament (ursodeoxycholic acid, cholestyramine, rifampicin, naltrexone, sertraline) or other approaches such as liver dialysis (MARS).

A further feature of PSC is the increased risk of developing several cancers (bowel, liver, bile duct and pancreas). With early diagnosis of PSC routine surveillance for such cancers is recommended using liver ultrasounds and colonoscopies.


Away from the official commemorations at Waitangi, it was a sea of colour on and off the water, as people from near and far converged on the historic landmark.

The waka display is still a major highlight of the day and organiser Stan Conrad says they are carrying on the traditions of their ancestors.

“They carry a lot on their shoulders because they're carrying their tūpuna, their whānau, everyone that's been involved in the kaupapa and it's a big thing for these fellas.”

He also says it’s the fulfilment of lots of training on and land on the waters of Waitangi.

“It's up to the kaihautū, they're the ones that train and make sure the salute is to what they're expected to be. The haka alone is another one where I'm doing the mass haka on the beach. It's just the thing that they've been practising all of last night and early hours this morning and they've been doing that since they arrived which was the first.”

Waka captain Waimirirangi Conrad adds it’s not only a tradition for men but women are also involved.

“I was very proud and it was a very humbling moment. It's always been a part of me, waka. My grandparents have always been there so for me to represent my whānau and my iwi and stand on there is a very proud moment.”

From the shore to the stalls there is a feeling of joy and celebration amongst the many that have come here to Waitangi this year.

But some were still feeling disappointed about the PM not making a visit to Te Tii.

However, there are certainly more people who enjoyed Waitangi than those who felt sad about the new arrangements making this day a success.


Category: Others

We often get this question because we are the place where everyone looks for business strategies. I would like to answer that question directly. But I think you know as well as I do that it’s a complicated question. To find the solution completely, we must give you a complete and detailed answer.

The reason we have to dig is that there are a lot of markets and a lot of people marketing those markets, every market is different and every person is different.

The answer is the one that suits your Harmonic scanner style and circumstances, and we will do so by asking and answering many questions. When we’re done, you know what you need to know, which strategy is right for you.

Uk session

I could easily say that the best strategy is a price action strategy, and that may be true for me, but it would not be good for you, because you can not be able to have as many hours or hours of negotiate simultaneously. Therefore, the best trading strategy should be personalized for each person.

Today, at the end of this article, you will know the best business strategy for you.

If you need to develop a PDF file with trading trading strategies that you can see at any time, you need it. Or a complete list of daily business strategies that work, we’ll help you know exactly what you need to negotiate well.

I recommend you mark this article right away because you often have to come back here because you will use it to help you develop the strategy that is most personal to you. We have many examples of trading strategies that you can use as a template to build a comprehensive set of useful strategies that you can refer to in the future.

Best forex system

Answer: Intraday transactions will take a lot of time as they focus on lists during the day to negotiate. This type of negotiation requires a lot of concentration. Make sure concentration is one of your strengths. As if you could not focus on intraday operations, it will be extremely difficult to master.

Here’s a list of strategies we’ve put in place for intraday trading: When looking for strategies for beginners, it’s important to know how long you hold your position. Keeping your business for less and a day means that you are a day trader non repaint indicator and you should find a PDF with daily trading strategies that you can use as a guide for any trading session.

CryptoCurrency is difficult because of massive price changes that can quickly pull an operator out of your business. Here is a strategy we recommend for sharing Bitcoin. It’s a fierce market, which means everyone will get involved

Both terms start with a “t” and are of Russian origin! For the rest, they are two different natural environments, although geographically close.

The tundra is a geographic area on which bare vegetation of grasses, sedges, lichens, mosses and shrubs grows. Located mainly on the coast of the extreme north of the American continent and Eurasia, it is also found on the islands of the seas of the Antarctic continent and its coasts. It is the last line of vegetation before the ice landscapes and is itself covered with snow during the long polar winters. If this vegetation is adapted to the polar cold, there is also an alpine tundra in the high mountains where the low temperatures are due to the altitude. The tundra represents an area of 8 million square kilometers, or about 6% of the land area.

The taiga, also known as the boreal or Hudsonian forest, is concentrated in the northern hemisphere (Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, Finland, Russia, northern Japan), south of the tundra. It alone accounts for 10% of the land area and is the largest forest area on the planet (just over 15 million square kilometers). These immense coniferous forests (larch, spruce, pine and fir) and broadleaved (birch, willow, poplar and mountain ash) are irrigated by an extensive lacustrine network resulting from glaciofluvial erosion. These regions have a very rich fauna and flora and are inhabited by the peoples of the far north: Sami and Komis in Europe, Samoyeds and Tungus in Siberia, Ainu in Japan, Algonquians and Dene in America.

It is finally the geographical zone situated between 65 ° and 75 ° of northern latitude where the northern (or polar) auroras occur, luminous phenomena of colored sails in the night sky. If these extraordinary landscapes make you dream, it may be for you the moment to immerse yourself in the novels of Jack London or … to go on vacation! You may also visit Difference Betweenz to learn more about the Difference between such similar terms and objects, which confuses us a lot.


Accra, Ghana

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Microfinance: Ghana’s situation and what you need to know [Article]

The primary objective of microfinance is to create financial inclusiveness and provide an avenue for the delivery of essential financial services to sections of the society who would otherwise be largely uninvolved or unable to fully access them.

Ghana’s microfinance sector has been immensely beneficial to the economy. It has expanded the scope of participation in Ghana’s financial services sector, created jobs and also become an avenue where individuals are able to create residual income or progressively build their financial assets over time.

Nonetheless, it has also been a source of deep pain, disappointment and resulted in the   monumental loss of the life savings and investments of some. The proliferation of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) has spawned the infiltration of the industry by some operators who are probably unauthorised, illegitimate and whose activities are frequently out of sync with the authorised and permissible activities of MFIs. These operators are generally imprudent, reckless, unprofessional and avariciously ambitious in their activities and the consequential damage to the image of industry has been immense.

In view of the critical importance of the microfinance subsector and its relevance in the growth of developing economies like Ghana, it is essential that legitimate players of the sector are protected, supported and insulated against the activities of these intractable few.

Companies or business failures are not entirely strange but frequent failures with a particular subsector should incite deep concern and probably raise the ire of                                                                                its well-meaning stakeholders.

While a business may fail for a variety of reasons, a preponderant number of MFI failures are largely attributable to the following key factors:  Funds Diversion, The Hubris of Success and The Undisciplined Pursuit for More, Inexperience Management, Lack of Credible Outlets for Funds Mobilised in Savings and Investments, Funds Diversion and Excessively High Interest Rates on Fixed Deposit Investments.

1) The Hubris of Success and The Undisciplined Pursuit for More: In his book on “How The Mighty Fall” Jim Collins notes that “Great Enterprises can become insulated by success; accumulated momentum can carry an enterprise forward, for a while even if its leaders make poor decisions or lose discipline.”

Some microfinance companies who have recently achieved a modicum of success suddenly begin to feel invincible. They begin aggressive branch expansion, introduce products out of the realm of their core competence and engage in financial transactions that significantly stretch their existing financial capacity. The consequences of these actions may not be immediately apparent and usually take a while to manifest. They progressively squeeze the finances of the MFI, creating a huge liquidity gap that eventually makes it extremely difficult for them to meet their maturing short to medium term obligations.

2) Inexperienced Management: Like most businesses, MFIs are often set up by Entrepreneurs. These entrepreneurs may or may not have had any knowledge of banking or general working experience within the financial services sector. The entrepreneurs or founder-owners who lack such experience would ordinarily have to employ experienced, qualified personnel and seek the guided goading of experienced professionals at the Board and Management levels. In most failed MFIs, the practice has been to engage the services on the basis of familiarity and personal trust rather than individual competence, knowledge and experience.

3) Lack of Immediate and Credible Outlets for Funds and Deposits: Microfinance funds and deposits are typically expensive, often at interest rates that are reasonably above the prevailing BOG Treasury bill and Banks’ Fixed Deposit rates. Additionally they are usually placed for short periods and so MFIs are under enormous pressure to immediately trade with these funds at margins high enough to pay for the average cost at which such deposits were secured while still retaining a surplus as profits. Unfortunately some MFIs obviously    lacking any credible outlets for the efficient and profitable deployment of these funds may wilfully or unwittingly apply these funds to some unauthorised activity or transactions whose returns are either not guaranteed or not easily realizable.

4) Funds Diversion: This is the tendency for some MFIs to engage in activities that are completely out of sync with those which are permissible by the Bank of Ghana. Such activities would usually include the utilisation of depositors’ funds for Aggressive Branch Expansion, Investment in Real Estate, Transport, Fuel Stations and other such ventures. These activities may not only  require a vast array of expertise to manage but also have a pay–back period that is a lot longer than what the standard operational cycle of an MFI can accommodate.

5) Excessively High Interest Rates on Deposits: Some MFIs in seeking to get ahead of the competition and to grow inordinately faster than what could be considered normal growth offer excessively high interest rates for deposits to attract investors. DKM, which is easily the most recognizable recent failures in the industry, is known to have been offering interest rates ranging between 17% – 20% per month. These interest rates which are evidently unsustainable invariably threaten the long- term survivability of these MFIs.

There may be several other reasons why an MFI may fail. However, I consider the factors enumerated above to be the most dominant precursors and eventual precipitators of most MFI failures in Ghana.

Guidelines for investing with microfinance companies

Investing in MFIs could pay the highest return but it is also essential for prospective investors to give consideration to these key issues before making any such investment decision:

1) At the minimum, please ensure that the MFI you desire to invest with is duly licensed by the Bank of Ghana.

2) Ensure to know that the company has a proper and functioning board and a qualified team that serves in its Executive Management. This should most likely be provided on the MFI’s website if it has one.

3) Ask to know the calibre of assets or loans they apply their deposits to and further seek some clarity on the proportionality of loans to various sectors. How are these loans secured? What is the recovery rate for these loans? What are the inherent risks associated with these kinds of assets? How does the MFI mitigate against these risks? Do not invest if these questions are not satisfactorily answered.

4) Think twice if the MFI is offering an interest rate that is significantly higher than the Government of Ghana Treasury bill rate and Average Banks’ Fixed Deposits interest rates.

5) Do not be needlessly swayed or impressed by a wide network of branches, massive physical structures, cars and other movable assets. While these may be genuine signs of a growing and blossoming business entity, they may also be mere appearances of splendour and a facade for an entity that may not be doing as well.

These guidelines are by no means exhaustive. Further, individuals or institutions who are desirous of making investments in Equity, Quasi-Equity, Long Term Debt and Convertible Debt may require deeper insights and need to ask further questions on the operations of the MFIs in which they have chosen to invest.

The MFIs subsector is critical to fostering financial inclusion, creating jobs and contributing meaningfully to the development of the Ghanaian economy. It is essential that we harness the advantages and opportunities it presents and ensure that it is beneficial to all its current and future stakeholders.

Author: Muniru Husseini

He is a Lecturer, Finance Professional and Entrepreneur.

You may reach the author on 0244355576 or email:

Citi Business News


Paper: Group Theory and Linguistic Processing

ACL ID C98-1055
Title Group Theory and Linguistic Processing
Venue International Conference on Computational Linguistics
Session Main Conference
Year 1998

recta-variable X in p [X] ranges over such identifiers (x, y, z .... ), which are notated in lower-case italics (and are always ground). The meta-variable p ranges over logical form abstractions missing one argument (for instance t=. s ( j, z) ). When matching recta-variables in logical forms, we will allow limited use of higher-order unification. For instance, one can match P[X] to s (j ,x) by taking P = Az.s(j, z) and X = x. The vocabulary and the set of relators that we have just specified define a group computation structure GCS = (U, R). We will now describe a set of acceptors A for this computation structure. We take A to be the set of elements of F(V) which are products of the following form: S [Vn -1 l/V,,-1-1 ... IV1-1 where S is a logical form (S stands for "semantics"), and wher...


Maryland Birds

Black Skimmer

What do they look like?

Black skimmers are about the size of a crow. They are black on top and white on the bottom. Their webbed feet are bright orange. Their bill is very long with the lower bill 2-3 c.m. longer than their upper bill. The pupil of their eye can become very narrow, as a cats eye. Males are larger than females.

Black Skimmer by Terry Foote

Where are they found?

Black skimmers are classified as a threatened species in Maryland by DNR. They are a summer resident, coming here to breed. They are present here from April to November, preferring to nest in colonies on coastal beaches and dredge spoil islands. The 150-350 pairs which nest in Maryland are concentrated in Maryland along the Atlantic coast of Worcester County. Some will also breed in the lower Chesapeake Bay adjacent to Dorchester County. Black skimmers spend the winter along the southeast coast, South Carolina to Florida.

What do they eat?

Skimmers are named such because of the way they feed. Skimmers fly low over the water, skimming the surface with their lower bill. When food, usually a small fish is encountered, the skimmer will quickly closes its mouth, capturing it's meal. Black skimmers will catch most of their food (small fish) this way. They will also catch shrimp and other small crustaceans in this manner. Although active during the day, Black skimmers will do a lot of their feeding at night.

What other kinds of skimmers live in Maryland?

The black skimmer is the only kind of skimmer in Maryland.

I didn't know that!

Although black skimmers are a water bird with webbed feet, it is unusual for them to be seen on the water swimming. They're either in the air or on the ground. Loss of nesting sites and disturbances on their breeding grounds are a major reason why black skimmers are threatened in Maryland.

Drawing by W.H. Henry


Five Mindful Ways to Start Your Day

When you wake up each morning, do you find yourself constantly hitting the snooze button, fighting the inevitable? How you begin the day often sets the tone for the rest of the day.

Here are some ways to start each day with a step toward mindful living. These are methods I put into practice in my own life, and methods I have recommended to others over the years as a parenting and human behavior expert.

Dream Journal

When I first wake up, I will often try to write down my dreams in my dream journal. Dreams are powerful tools that give us access to our own unconscious material, and give us the capacity to grow towards individuation, which helps us lead a more intentional and authentic life. First thing in the morning is the best time to recall our dreams because, as you may have already experienced yourself, we can forget or twist details as our conscious wakes up and we move out of dream state. When we listen to our unconscious by unlocking the messages in our dreams, we can go about our days with intention and clarity.

Yoga and Chi Gong Stretches

In today’s world, many of us may spend most of the day sitting at a desk. Studies show that a sedentary lifestyle can present many health problems. You may choose to do a whole yoga routine or take a class to start your day, but even a few simple morning stretches can help you begin each day with focus and intention. Poses like the sun salutation can help get blood flowing while stretching your muscles, preparing them for the day ahead. The tree pose can help you focus on deep breathing while you set your intention for the day. Practicing yoga or Chi Gong in the morning can help calm your nerves while also energizing your body for the day ahead.

Surrender to the day’s tasks

When we become anxious about a busy day ahead, we add unnecessary stress to our lives and set a negative tone for the day. Instead of stressing, look forward to the day ahead, and intentionally surrender to the tasks that you have to do in a positive way. When you accept what lies before you, when you are fully present in the moment of each task instead of worrying about what’s next, you can then move from a smoother place because you have learned embraced the day instead of trying to fight the day.

Schedule a reward

By the same token, if you do have a busy day ahead, be sure to reward yourself by giving yourself something to look forward to. Maybe it’s setting aside time to talk with a friend or meet up with a friend at the gym; maybe it’s planning to stop by your favorite bookstore on the way home to buy the new novel you’ve been excited to read.

Special morning ritual

There is something to be said for starting the day with a routine that you know to be familiar, to help rouse both body and mind from sleep state. Maybe you take your tea by a sunlit window each morning after yoga. Perhaps you wake before the rest of your family for a few minutes of quiet meditation. Or maybe you take your dog for a walk each morning to watch the sunrise. Whatever it is, create a special morning ritual that has meaning to you, and brings you joy to start your day.

What are some of your favorite ways to start each morning?


Weight of SEO individuation webpage studies

At present about personalized PageRank, other common methods still have a model to change PageRank(modular PageRank) and BlockRank to wait. These methods are on specific computational means, main characteristic body is opposite from the angle of efficiency now algorithm undertook be optimizinged necessarily.

About accelerating the previous research of PageRank algorithm content basically uses technology of texture of picture of few and far between sex, for instance the Arasu point of view that offer, they not just pure use last iteration produces a value to calculate circularly epicycle loop value, the value that also uses epicycle to had arisen circularly will quicken the computation that epicycle circulates. Offerred the bowknot structure of Web network even, use its in the active consideration that PageRank is worth. However these methods are not had very big practical, main reason is asking to have sort to Web network matrix at algorithm, this operation needs to search first principle to undertake the network alls over all previous according to deepness, this is operation of huge of a kind of cost apparently. The closest Kamvar also put forward a few algorithm, use successive intermediate loop will conclude the estimation value with true better PageRank, but the part that still is put in the inadequacy that suffers effect of PageRank algorithm initiative parameter.

Basically pay close attention to the attribute that pursues at research to the analysis of texture of Web network plan at present, be like node distributing, of the circumstance that the webpage links and texture of Web webpage picture build a model to wait. However, will accelerate analysis exceeding cable length to these study and emphasizing how using these property effectively.

Many scholars put forward a few improve a practice, wait like Raghavan and Garcia-Molina use leader name or the practice that the Web structure with implicit URL will come pursue more successful on behalf of Web also has a lot of, the personalized webpage weight that if Jeh and Widom carry the power of finite modification webpage,the value is conveyed, worth of this importance power can mirror the initiative interest webpage that the user appoints. Because need to all over all previous repeatedly to the computation of personalized view,whole Web pursues the webpage in the structure, during this is moving only, ability comes true, be calculated beforehand so and store all personalized view are not realistic. The preference vector that they use new plan to build an expressive individuation view by result and technical compose (Partial Vector) , it is OK share in the personalized view of different user, be calculated about it at the same time and of memory expenditure and view amount more or less to present a reasonable scale. In computation, still can use increase by degrees type is calculated, this makes preference vector is used to go during inquiry it is feasible that compose builds personalized view. This preference vector is personalized PageRank vector namely (Personalized PageRank Vector, PPV) , common ground says, PPV is the personalized view of kind of Web webpage. Will undertake sort express the preference of the user effectively to webpage result according to this PPV.

Look simply, the length of every PPV is cuss, namely the webpage amount of Web. But because from fixed angle circulates,computational PPV need alls over graph of webpage of all previous Web for many times, this is impossible that as a kind online noise uses the means of an inquiry apparently. From the point of another angle, the total amount of all PPV vector can achieve 2n(n to be webpage gross) , this is apparent too tremendous and cannot realize memory leaving a line. So, must restrict the webpage that appears in P gather the subclass that is H of Hub webpage gather. H gather includes the webpage that a few users are interested in most normally. In practice, h gather can be the webpage rally that has taller PageRank value (important webpage) , the webpage in classifying catalog artificially (the important webpage that is like Yahoo and Open Directory) , specific company or program. H gather can regard the foundation of computational individuation as. This kind is based on the computational means of PPV, the means of unlike tradition, can become good proportion to shrink with H gather size put a concern, and this kind of technology also can be in bigger PPV obtains similar result on gather, a few more contented to individuation of aggregate of aleatoric preference webpage computation asks.

Divide this beyond, still a few undertake improved algorithm on computational effect.


Home News Exhibitors Showcase Solutions to Product Development Challenges

Exhibitors Showcase Solutions to Product Development Challenges

June 27, 2017

Yogurt smoothie and muffinsFormulating foods and beverages to meet the demands of consumers and regulations passed by policy makers makes for a challenging work environment. Some consumers want products that provide them with added nutrition, but adding ingredients like certain plant-based proteins can affect the taste and texture of the finished product. Regulations such as the one issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to remove partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) from food and beverage products has product developers testing different PHO-free ingredients to find the best ones for their specific applications. At the IFT17 food expo, plenty of ingredient suppliers will showcase ingredients that solve these challenges and many more.

Ingredion (booth 2056), for example, is featuring multifunctional ingredients in various types of product concepts that address the areas of clean and simple, health and nutrition, and improving the sensory experience. Learn more about how the company’s clean label proteins, fibers, non-GM sweeteners, functional native starches, and texturizers can be used to formulate products that boast ingredient decks with ingredients consumers can understand, or how its sweeteners, pulse-based proteins, and dietary fibers can help formulate better-for-you food options. To address sensory aspects—texture specifically—Ingredion offers a range of texturizers to improve the texture and stability of foods and beverages or to create desired textures.

Cargill (booth 2650) has experts available to discuss trehalose’s new status as a natural flavor and explain how the ingredient can function in different applications. The ingredient, which is produced from non-GM starch using non-GM enzymes, can mask astringency and bitterness, enhance flavors such as saltiness and citrus flavors, and stabilize flavor during processing and shelf life. The company is also showcasing its functional native starches, which can help simplify labels, and its next-generation stevia sweetener, EverSweet.

Tate & Lyle (booths 2467 and 2664) is giving attendees the chance to customize their booth experience by choosing from various interactive theaters. One deals with using texture and features information about how starches can be used to create memorable eating experiences and the textures that consumers crave. The company will also preview the CLARIA functional clean label starches line expansion coming later this year. Another theater shows attendees how Tate & Lyle ingredients can reduce sugar and calories while still maintaining functional attributes in applications like chocolate milk, iced tea, and cupcakes. The final theater experience focuses on using fiber and protein to enrich food and beverage products to meet the nutritional demands of consumers. There is also information on how to achieve specific health benefit claims.


Oct 25, 2011

Sequence Squeeze

The storage of NGS data has reached and passed the critical point. The owner of a HiSeq machine can expect to generate hundreds of Terabytes per year. Even more critical than the current large data volumes is the trend over the next few years - sequencing will grow faster and cheaper much more rapidly than hard drives. Current trends show the doubling of drive capacity (at a constant cost) every 18 months, but the doubling of sequencing output (also at constant cost) every 5 months. So you can expect to pay 3X more for NGS data storage every year.

The Pistoia Alliance, a trade group that includes most of the big Pharma companies and a bunch of software/informatics companies (but no sequencing machine vendors), has proposed a "Sequence Squeeze" challenge with a prize of $15,000 for the best novel open-source NGS compression algorithm. Nice.

I think the basic outline of a solution has already been published in this paper by Hsi-Yang FritzLeinonenCochrane, and Birney:

Their basic idea is to reduce the amount of data stored that exactly reproduces a Reference Genome. Why store the same invariant data over and over again? Just save the interesting differences, and the quality scores near these differences.

First align all reads to a Reference Genome, then compress high quality reads (all bases Q>20) that perfectly match the Reference down to just a start position and a length. For Illumina reads, all the read lengths are the same, so that value just needs to be saved once for the entire data file. The aligned reads are sorted and indexed, so the position of each read can be marked just as an increment from the previous read. Groups of identical reads can be replaced by a count.

For reads that do not perfectly match the Ref. Genome, there may still be stretches of high quality matching bases. These can be represented by a set of start-stop coordinates with respect to the read start position, then an efficient formula to store differences for non-matching bases and the qualities of surrounding bases.  Many such variant summaries already exist.

Another interesting idea is to use many different Reference Genomes (for humans), and match each sample to the most similar Reference. This might reduce the number of common variants observed by anything from 2x to 10X.

Oct 5, 2011

Exome: A Goldrush in Clinical Sequencing

A number of new companies have recently been created, or have refocused their primary business effort on opportunities in clinical sequencing and personalized medicine. This area has received a lot of speculative attention in the past few years, but the recent development of “Exome” sequencing technology has suddenly made it a practical area for commercial investment.

There are several challenges in that must be overcome to make DNA sequencing a clinically relevant tool:

  • 1) the cost of the assay, which includes sample collection from the patient, sample preparation, and operation of the DNA sequencing machine

  • 2)   bioinformatics to identify sequence variants in the patient’s DNA

  • 3)   filtering and interpretation of sequence variants for clinical relevance – i.e. identify variants that provide information that directly impacts disease treatment decisions.

Exome sequencing addresses all three of these challenges. The exome is defined as the protein coding exons of genes, which make up approximately 50 MB of the human genome – about 1.5% of the entire genome. New sample preparation reagents make it possible to capture this portion of the genome in a single step in a single tube for less than $100. The current Illumina HiSeq sequencing machine produces about 20 Gbp per lane for about $1500, which is equivalent to 400X coverage of the exome. Since current bioinformatics methods require only 50-100X coverage for optimal discovery of sequence variants, this allows 4 to 8 samples to be multiplexed into a single lane. Therefore exome sequencing can be used to scan all of a patient’s genes for under $500 in sequencing and sample preparation costs. The $1000 genome is available right now.

Since the exome is a much smaller amount of sequence than the entire genome, and it is focused on the best characterized regions, the task of identifying variants is simplified. The problem of false positives is reduced both by the smaller extent of sequence and by the deeper coverage (≥50X). The challenge of interpretation is also greatly reduced since exons are by definition protein coding. All exon sequence variants can be characterized as changing amino acids or not (or creating frameshifts &/or stop codons), and the likely impact on a protein of an amino acid change can be assessed by a number of existing algorithms. Most genes can be further characterized by existing knowledge about protein function such as metabolic and regulatory pathways, as well as databases of clinical genetic and pharmacogenetic information.

Since the technical ability to perform exome sequencing and basic discovery of sequence variants is available to anyone with a HiSeq machine (and a few skilled bioinformaticians), companies are currently trying to distinguish themselves with the clinical interpretation that they can offer. Some companies are skipping the sequencing entirely and focusing solely on the interpretation of clinical sequence data.

Ambry Genetics
Ambry Genetics is the first laboratory to provide CLIA-approved exome services for applications in clinical diagnostics along with clinical interpretation and classification of variant data. The expert bioinformatics team makes Clinical Diagnostic Exome™ possible with a robust data analysis pipeline for Mendelian disease discovery.

Knome Offers Whole-Genome Sequencing, Interpretation for $5K
Founder: George Church
KnomeSelect, a targeted sequencing service that covers the exome, costs $24,500 for individuals. A comparative analysis of genomes includes a short list of suspect variants, genes and networks. Custom desktop software is provided for further analysis, including KnomeFinder for candidate variant discovery and KnomePathways for finding gene-gene interactions and gene networks. The company recently opened up its services to scientists interested in sequencing exomes or genomes of small numbers of humans as part of research studies.

Founders: Stanford founders are Russ Altman, chair of the bioengineering department; Euan Ashley, director of the Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease; Atul Butte, chief of the division of systems medicine at the department of pediatrics; and Michael Snyder, chair of the genetics department and director of the Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine. John West, the former CEO of Solexa, is the new firm's CEO.
Its core capability will be the medical interpretation of human genomes. Personalis expects to work closely with a variety of sequencing technology and service providers — including Illumina, Complete Genomics, and others.”

Omica is a new startup company. It has developed and published the VAAST system for annotating sequence variants. VAAST is a probabilistic search tool that identifies disease-causing variants in genome sequence data. It combines elements from existing amino acid substitution and aggregative approaches that increase accuracy and make it easy to use. The tool can score both coding and non-coding variants, and evaluate rare and common variants. The platform, to be used for clinical annotations of both whole genomes and more targeted data such as exomes or gene panels, is currently in beta testing with several undisclosed collaborators. Besides VAAST, which generates disease candidate lists, the Omica service will also include annotation tools that will provide additional information about the role of the genes. Users can submit their genome sequence, and it puts all the clinical annotations on top of it. It also has an interface that can relate variants to diseases.

GenomeQuest is a provider of cloud-based computing solutions for analysis of Next Generation sequencing data. The GQ-DxSM product analyzes and reports comprehensive genomic information about variations and changes in genes and proteins to improve disease treatment. The workflow can be used for Whole-Genome, Whole-Exome, and selected Gene Panels including:
- Automated transfer of raw data from sequencing machines
- Alignment of the reads against reference genomes
- Variant detection and annotation
- Mapping and documentation of variants against known inherited and somatic mutations

Foundation Medicine has narrowed the focus even further. They provide diagnostic exome sequencing of 300 cancer related genes on FFPE tumor samples submitted by clinical pathologists. They sequence these 300 genes to very deep coverage (500X) to allow detection of rare somatic variants in heterogeneous tumor tissue. The selected gene set is intended to include only genes with directly disease related functions that impact cancer treatment decisions. The test is intended to replace many different single-gene diagnostic tests currently on the market.

23andMe has started a pilot program that offers full exome sequencing for $999. While the company’s regular personal genome service uses Illumina genotyping arrays with around 1 million SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), the exome sequencing actually sequences around 50 million DNA bases with 80x coverage.
Customers will get the raw data, without any additional reports, so it will only be useful to people who actually know how to handle this raw genetic data. 23andMe plans to eventually add a limited set of tools and content that utilize exome sequence data.
23andMe is not the first company to offer whole-genome sequencing to consumers, but it is the first to do so at a sub-$1000 pricepoint. For hardcore bioscientists who know their way around raw genetic data, this is as good a deal as you can currently get.


10 Tips To Teach Kids To Be Responsible

by admin

img source: funifi.com

Responsibility – a word too big for your early schoolers to pronounce properly. Well, then how do we assume they not only understand that word but imbibe it too? Quite ironic isn’t it.

Once I received a forward on a messaging service about a girl reminisce her father bring toffees for her and her three siblings.  She was always entrusted with the job of sharing it between her siblings.  And share she did, that too without any complaints from her siblings!!!  Today, when she has to give sweetmeats to her kids, she makes it a point to give each one their share ensuring there are no fights.  Hasn’t she just relinquished her opportunity of teaching her own kids the meaning and responsibility of sharing – something her father so effortlessly achieved?

“If it’s your story, you get to write the ending “– Brene Brown, Author

Let us walk through some tips to keep your kids responsible and grounded.

Train them young

Somebody rightly said that it is easier to train a child than repair an adult.  It isn’t a fairy tale.  One fine day your child is not going to wake up to his responsibilities. Maybe we need to grow up from that thought.

There is no age to start training them. Kids will not be responsible; we need to make them feel responsible.

Routine and discipline

When a parent sets a routine for a child, however menial it may sound; with time he or she adapts to complete that task.  And tell me about it, it’s no cakewalk.  I have been instructing my son to keep his shoes in the shoe-rack when he trots back home since kindergarten, but three years down the road, he still doesn’t keep it unless asked to.

As a child progresses, a chore or to-do list will help him with his tasks.

Involve them in activities

Very often we notice our kids do not abide the tasks in the way we perceive them to.  In the early years, we can show them how a task needs to be done.  Children very often learn by example. Enlist their help while polishing shoes, or doing the dishes. Involve them in weekly shopping trips, planning the holidays etc. They see, they learn. Even we cannot shoot an arrow in the dark.

Align age appropriate responsibilities

Do not burden the children with responsibilities; line them up in a natural progression. In the early toddler years, it may be a miniscule job, like keeping their soiled clothes in the laundry bag. As they grow we can assign activities which they would be answerable to – like keeping their books as per the time-table, folding the fresh clothes after laundry, answering phone calls in your absence, feeding and walking the pet, running for groceries etc.

Teach them to face consequences

With responsibilities, comes the pressure to successfully complete the task. If your child hasn’t put in his books slated for the day correctly, avoid a run to school to give it to him. He must know his parents will not watch his back always. He might be upset, but let that be. You have just taught him to be more responsible the next time. You can tick that responsibility off your chart!

Read stories

There is a lot of passive learning kids assimilate when they listen or read stories as young kids. They start learning the difference between good and bad, strong and weak, friendship and goodness. They unknowingly create a thin line of understanding in them. They will be ready to face the responsibilities as and when it presents.

Allow unstructured space

Encourage unstructured and self motivated games and activities. Let them make their own rules and regulations. Put their minds to work, build their own defences and know their limitations. It maybe a war play or building a Lego vehicle set. Children learn not only from your experiences, but their own experiences too.

Allow self decision making

Just the other day, my son wanted to watch two animation movies. I gave him an option to choose one of them, purely his call. I can chaperone as long as he stands to his choice. Let the children make some decisions, understand their outcomes, feel the sense of what-if situations. It is fine if the outcome doesn’t meet your expectations.

It is important we do not bring up kids with shallow confidence. Their mistakes should not tarnish their own self image. Encourage them, but no false praise.

Avoid over indulgence

We so like supervising things around us, that we do not realise that we just over step our line at times. Children of today have a mind of their own. They are an evolved species, much more capable than us. Just take a step back, give them their space and independence to complete a task assigned to them. Do not judge or criticise them before the curtains fall.

Yes, by not teaching our kids the ropes of responsibility we not only alienate them from a key learning skill but also other associated skills. They are our kids; we need to be responsible first.

Read more about : 8 ways to instill moral values in children

There is a quote by Ann Landers – “It is not what you do for your children, but what you have taught them to do themselves, that will make them successful human beings.

Sheeba Lekhak

Author – SuccessYeti


Saturday, March 23, 2013

It Takes a Tribe!

    My husband Mauricio and I are musicians/researchers and did quite a lot of field work in Havana, Cuba for a book we were writing on the drumming tradition of a certain religion of the country. In addition to getting the practical information we needed to finish the book, we were fortunate to get an intimate look at how religious rituals and creative traditions such as drumming, singing, dancing, garment and food preparation, are passed on to
children. It is an organic process where the entire family, immediate and extended, gather together at an elder's home and that elder, or group of elders instruct. They interpret the meaning of songs sung in Yoruba language, the dances and drum rhythms by telling stories of their African ancestors. Because it is an oral tradition, there is a memorization process for which students use no pen and paper, recording device or computer to make notes,
but depend on muscle memory, repetition and a deep respect for the ancestors they honor and the mentors who teach them. Early in the learning process, the young members are assigned an activity that plays a role in the overall performance of a ceremony. The process gains momentum when the more
knowledgeable members assist the less knowledgeable ones.

     I came away from this experience with a deeper understanding of a holistic approach to teaching and learning, a method that allows students to make connections through life experience. In the scenario I describe, the Afro-Cuban children make generational and spiritual connections through sacred music and stories they are told, which instill a strong sense of who they are as African Diaspora. They make mind and body connections through the art-forms they practice and perform in sacred ceremonies, and gain awareness of how disciplines work together. They make connections between linear thinking and intuitive ways of knowing, and connections between the individual and the community.

     As co-creator and teacher of the Talk-n-Drum Language & Music Program, I have noted that young children experience joy when engaged in interdisciplinary activities that allow them to connect with their peers. They enjoy the social aspect of learning and grasp the new material with ease because they see it as pure fun. I have noted that children enjoy performing specific rhythmic, verbal and movement patterns that teach the new information, mainly because the mind is pattern seeking, and because these exercises allow students to feel in synch with one another. The music is a crucial element of the lesson and melodies must possess an aesthetically pleasing quality that the brain can easily hook into. Tonal intervals must be easy to sing and should be combined with the right rhythmic pattern at just the right tempo. It took about a year of composing and testing songs in the classroom before Mauricio and I had a repertoire that worked well. Bottom line is, once my little learners are 'in the zone',
they are open to learning anything! So whether I am teaching them Spanish, basic music theory or sign language, my hope is that I am instilling in them the love of learning.

Wednesday, March 13, 2013

When to Begin Music Lessons?

Music is to the soul what food is to the body and should play an integral part of a child's life from conception. Children thrive in environments where all art forms are respected and creative thinking is nurtured. For this reason I encourage parents to:
-play everything from Bach to the Beatles at home and in the car from newborn on
-sing together at bedtime to 'bond' and for the calming affect
-engage in a silly dance while listening to something upbeat to make the experience fun and organic
-leave instruments around the house such as a drum-set, percussion instruments or an electronic keyboard so they may experiment freely on their own
-have them watch a rock concert or a symphony orchestra perform on TV or attend a live concert
It's not always about grooming the next Mozart or Miles Davis, but rather using the art form to connect the child to his/her authentic emotional, intellectual and spiritual self. If the child begins to express a deeper interest in playing an instrument, then finding the right teacher is the next step. Bottom line, it takes an enormous amount of thought and energy to shape a new life, and one of the most important gifts you can give your child is the 'permission' to think creatively so he/she will live his/her authentic life. Living an authentic life  also promotes good physical health!

Monday, March 11, 2013

Why ASL for Hearing Children?

        American sign language is a useful and fun communication tool for hearing children approximately 8 months to 5 years of age. Whether an auditory, visual or kinesthetic learner, ASL brings another dimension to speaking, listening and responding. And because it is solely a physical expression, visual communication makes stronger social connections between teacher and student, and between words and their meanings.

Incorporating ASL into every Talk-n-Drum curriculum was an experiment that proved to me that gestures and mime are natural social languages for all young children. And when something comes that easily and makes learning that much more fun, it makes sense to practice it! One of our missions as the creators of the Talk-n-Drum program, is to build community by embracing diversity, and teaching ASL raises children's awareness of deaf culture.


Reign of Winter

This Little Piggy Went to Market
Whitethrone - Day 27
13 Erastus, 4713 – Whitethrone

Hickory Dickory Dock
Whitethrone - Day 26
12 Erastus, 4713 – Whitethrone

Help Me to Help You
Whitethrone - Days 19-25
5-11 Erastus, 4713 – Whitethrone

Your Papers Please
Whitethrone - Day 18
4 Erastus, 4713 – Whitethrone – The Howlings

Rescuing Ringeirr
Thronehold - Day 17
3 Erastus, 4713 – The Fishcamps

There's Something Fishy in The Fishcamps
Thronehold - Days 16-17
2 Erastus, 4713 – The Village of Ellsprin

3 Erastus, 4713 – The Plains to Thronehold

No Moss Grows on Pjallerane's Stone
Thronehold - Days 13-15
30 Sarenith, 4713 – The Plains of Thronehold

High Summer, 4713 – The Village of Ulsgaard

1 Erastus, 4713 – The Village of Ulsgaard

We're on the Road to Whitethrone
Hoarwood - Days 9-12
26 Sarenith, 4713 – The Pale Tower

The party rests up overnight and early the next morning decide to leave for Whitethrone rather than rest further and use the Tower as a base of operations. Nadya states she will escort the party to Whitethrone, but she must return to Waldsby to gather her two sons. She knows that if they remain in Waldsby, they will be targeted by the forces of the White Witches and it is best to relocate them. Nadya proclaims, “I will not lose another child to one of those White bitches.” She knows a family cousin in a small village of Ellsprin, in the region of Thronehold who will help with the children and it is one the path to Whitethrone. The party agrees to escort Nadya back to town to secure her family and to make final preparations for a long cross country journey.

Many in Waldsby silently celebrate the parties efforts once they realize the Pale Tower has been defeated. The group is given much assistance by the Blacksmith, Priest and Merchant in making their preparations for the journey and helping to cover their tracks. Shortly after lunch, the party departs from Waldsby, initially heading south, but eventually turning back west once away from town so that any guards trying to track them down will be misled and search in the wrong area. Nadya also leaves notes that the group is headed for the border near Nadzieja Lato when in fact they are going toward Ludovny before they cut north to go around the eastern end of Glacier Lake.

Once again, the party encounters a large raven swarm but are able to defeat the efforts of these creatures and destroys and scatters much of the tiny spies for the witches. As the party approaches the area near the Pale Tower, they can determine that some group, assumed to be guards or trolls, has returned and reclaimed it so they give it a wide berth.

27 Sarenith, 4713 – Hoarwood Forest

During the second day of the journey the group is encounters and are attacked by a pair of giants known as veds. These creatures form a small hunting party but the group is able to defeat them without too much effort and claim the treasure in their trophy sack. After claiming what little treasure the veds carried, the group presses on uneventfully the rest of the day.

Toward the late afternoon the party spots the town of Luvodny in the distance and Nadya directs them to break from the path and head north across the frozen plains. This starts the group heading north and directly for the shores of Glacier Lake and the province of Thronehold.

28 Sarenith, 4713 – Plains of Hoarwood
Early on the third day they come across a cabin along the edge of the woods and are met by a beautiful red-haired woman who introduces herself as Sylja. She enlists the party’s aid in defeated a moss troll who is terrorizing the nearby area. She suspects the creature has killed her husband as he has not been home in several days which is not like him. She offers a great treasure and the use of her cabin as a overnight shelter in return for their assistance. The party agrees and after a quick bite to eat go in search of the troll.

Hunter soon finds tracks that look human in the area where they are directed to look and thinking it might be the woman’s husband, they follow them to a cave. Inside they encounter a large man covered from head to toe by a green mossy growth and realize that the troll is not a troll, but in fact this man. As they approach he attacks just as Aiwendil is mentally assaulted by some unseen entity. Vadoma determines there is an extra lifeform in the area while the rest of the party defends themselves from the green warrior and they soon realize it is Sylja’s husband Finngarth who has been taken over by a mindslaver mold.

This is a desperate struggle as the half-elves and the rest of the realize that any attack they try and deliver to the mold causes the creature to retract only for Finngarth to suffer the damage. After a while the group is able to subdue Finngarth (without killing him — although he does lose a finger) which forces the mold to abandon the body and seek a new host. Even though the fight is long and tedious, the party is finally able to destroy the mold and sets it remains on fire to insure there is no regrowth.

With Finngarth restored to normal the group escorts him home where he is happily reunited with his wife, which the party now discovers is a huldra. She thanks the party and upholds her agreement allowing the party to rest in the warmth of their home overnight. As an additional reward she gives the party a magical bear trap which provides some special magical detections and protections to its owner as a defensive item.

29 Sarenith, 4713 – Plains of Hoarwood

The next morning the group says their goodbyes and departs, but before they depart, Sylja bequeaths a special “gift” to Aiwendil which blesses him with good luck for the next day. The day itself is relatively uneventful (as a result of the blessing?) and the party makes good time. As the party prepares camp at the end of the day, Nadya sends her sons out to collect fire wood. After 30 minutes, Mjoli returns but Orm is missing and the group stops to investigate the disappearance. Aiwendil assumes the form of a falcon and flies off to search for the boy as the party splits into small groups fanning out in the area he was sent to collect wood.

Aiwendil quickly finds the boy with what appears to be a twisted ankle surrounded by a pack of wolves which seem to be stalking him as prey. (Was it skill or a lucky coincidence that he was found so easily?) Aiwendil calls out so that the other party members can find them and moves down to protect the child as the wolves move in for the kill. Rushing to where they are called, the party is able to very quickly defeat what turns out to be boreal wolvfes and rescue Orm. Then party returns to camp with the boy and wood and settle down to rest for the night. As precautions, Hunter places his newly acquired magical bear trap and Aiwendil prepares a special precautionary spell on his pouch which is carrying the key components for the Dancing Hut.

Shortly after midnight, a minor “explosive” poof wakes the group soon followed by the cries and shrieks of surprised Jinkins who who attempting to pilfer Aiwendil’s pouch. As the small creatures flee the camp, a couple of them wander into the bear trap and activate it killing them. With the immediate threat scattered and gone, the party settles back down for the rest of the night to weather the snow fall and cold.

Shutting Down the Portal
The Pale Tower - Day 8
25 Sarenith, 4713 – The Pale Tower

After the battle in the aerie, the party realizes that they still have yet to encounter any witch or a portal so they take the teleport back to the previous level. They determine that the other teleporter must go to some level they have yet to discover and make plans to take it. However, they only have a single teleport key and so they devise a manner in which they can all be in contact with the key when it is activated. Using this group method, the entire party is able to teleport to the top level of the Pale Tower.

As the group thaws out from the teleport, they find themselves in a large chamber with a massive energy sphere. The group can see that it is a representation of Golarion and there are strange energy lines which radiate from bright dots. They figure out that these are locations with other winter portals and they are all feeding into a strange web-like pattern across the globe. An attentive Alabaster literally is able to connect the dots and figures out that there is a ley line of magical energy which connects the dot which represents their location in Irrisen with a site in Taldor, assumed to be the portal in the woods that they used to arrive in Irrisen. However, the parties discovery and study is short-lived as they are attacked by Radosek Pavril.

He attacks with his spells and summoned elementals but the party is able to fend off the brunt of the attack. He attempts to flee to the courtyard and animate the large ice dragon statue, but before he is able to succeed with his plan, Vadoma and Aiwendil fly down from the top and interrupt his plans. They are joined by Nadya who has managed to gain entrance to the Tower while the party was exploring the lower levels. Seeing the witch and knowing his ties to the tower, she runs over and kills the Witch in revenge for the death of her child, Thora. With the threat of the witches and guards over for the moment, the group is able to focus on shutting down the Winter Portal.

An investigation of the Lab areas of the tower’s crown level, Alabaster finds some journals left behind by the White Witch Nazhena Vasilliovna which describes the rituals and spells used to activate the Winter Portal. After studying these journals, Alabaster is able to reverse the magics and the Winter Portal is deactivated … trapping the party in Irrisen.

With the threat to Heldren and Taldor eliminated the party is finally able to catch their breath and do a thorough search of the Tower. They also have time to contemplate the next steps before them as they begin to realize that they must carry on with their promise to the Black Rider and reach the Capital of Whitethrone to secure the Dancing Hut of Baba Yaga.

How do you climb an Icicle?
The Pale Tower - Day 8
25 Sarenith, 4713 – The Pale Tower

After some deliberation and a minor rest, the party decides to begin the long assault up the tower. Remembering the passwords which Hatch had provided, the party goes up one at a time in the following order: Aiwendil, Hunter, Ingvar, Svala, Tacey, Vadoma and Alabaster.

Arriving on the second floor, Aiwendil finds himself faced with the forlarren bard the party previously met on their first night in Irrisen, As he arrives, she is entertaining several winter-touched atomie. As they realize that the person arriving is not a guard, they attack Aiwendil attacks and calls forth a flaming sphere to attack the fey creatures. He focuses the sphere on the bard but she is more resilient than anticipated. Hunter arrives and two atomies are killed, but the third uses its invisibility ability and tries to flee. One by one, the PCs materialize and join the fray while Aiwendil transforms into an eagle to try and go after the fleeing fey. Hunter pumps an arrow into the bard and she too turns to flees. As he moves to after her, an angry spriggan from the kitchen blocks his path and the bard flees into a side room.

As Hunter deals with the spriggan, Ingvar goes after the bard and is followed by Svala and they discover the side room is a library. They discover a healed bard and a large Ulfen woman in guard’s attire. Before the sphere dissipates, the Aiwendil causes it to set the book cases on fire and then goes after the last atomie. As he follows the path of the creature, he enters (flies) into a room where he discovers Lady Argentea from Heldren. He stays here and watches over her to make sure she is not injured in the attacks by the fey.

Hunter finally deals with the spriggan and turns in time to see Ten-Penny caught by a reduce person spell by the last atomie which has rematerialized near the second teleporter. He and Ten-Penny kill off the last creature as Ingvar and Svala deal with the other attackers in the library, but not before the Captain is able to drink a potion and unleash a blast of fire breath at Ingvar.

With the attackers dealt with, Aiwendil, Hunter and Svala question Lady Argentea about her presence. Confusion soon gives way to suspicion and the party is able to reveal that it is not the noble lady but is rather a doppleganger which they easily dispatch while Alabaster puts out the fire in the library and discovers three valuable books. The party conducts a thorough search of this level and finds a conservatory across from the library, As they move through the room, a loud shriek goes up and they are attacked by a hungry plant-creature known as a mandragora. Even though the shriek has an initial effect on a few party members, it is not enough to defeat the group and it does not last long against the total might of the party.

The party finds another teleporter in the hall outside the conservatory but they are tired and depleted for spells so they set up a guard and rest for 8 hours to allow their spellcasters to recharge their spells. Once fully healed and rested, they take the teleporter up to the next level which turns out the be an aerie, There are two large swarms of ravens and a humanoid creature on this level which attack as Aiwendil materializes. He counters with a __gust of wind_ which basically eliminates the two swarms as the birds are blown away. With only the controller left, the party slowly arrives and overpowers her and kills her. As it turns out, this creature is a sylph who is a cleric of Gozreh.


Depicting debt-ridden farmer, youth dies on float during procession

Source: The Hitavada      Date: 05 Nov 2017 11:20:41

Ramtek Correspondent,

AN actor playing the role of a debt-ridden farmer committing suicide in Vidarbha himself died on a float during a procession organised by Shobhayatra Samiti of Bharatiya Janseva Mandal on the occasion of ‘Vaikuntha Chaturdashi’ on Friday.
The deceased, Manoj Arun Dhurve (27) was a resident of Nawargaon Toli.

In one of the tableaus, Dhurve was playing the role of a debt-ridden ryot committing suicide. Some other men were also with him on the float. A noose was tied around Dhurve’s neck when the procession reached Shastri Chowk from Atharah Bhuja Ganpati Mandir. When the ‘shobhayatra’ arrived at Gandhi Chowk, some persons noticed that Dhurve was unconscious. They informed the policemen in the ‘bandobast’ about him. Cops rushed Dhurve to Sub-District Hospital where the doctors declared him dead.

Soon, rumours spread in social media that Dhurve died of hanging. Ramtek Police sent the body for post-mortem.
The autopsy report categorically stated that the death was not due to hanging but because for some other reason. Police investigation revealed that Dhurve had allegedly consumed liquor. After registering an accidental death case, PSO (Ramtek) Yogesh Pardhi is investigating the case.


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Contemplative Practice

Formal Practice Includes

Sitting meditation
Tai Chi
Walking the Labyrinth
Reading/Reflecting upon Sacred Scripture

Informal Practice includes

Compassionate listening
Assisting someone with a task
Complimenting someone
Caring for the Earth
Sharing joy and love without thought of personal gain

Contact Through Intent & Action for more resources to build your bridge.
Schedule a Compassion Conversation, a retreat, program, or book signing facilitated by Vanessa Hurst


A nice photo by a nice little kid. 🙂

The right way to do it. 🙂

Diagonal lines, S curves & zigzags are all tools of photography compositition that work in essentially the same way.  All are lines we can find within the frame that add interest to our pictures by leading the eye on a journey. Quite simply, the longer it takes for your eye to move around and absord an image, the more interesting you perceive that image to be. Finding and exploiting lines enable us to create more dynamic photographs by creating the longest possible journey for the viewer’s eye to follow.

The longest straight line in your frame is the diagonal line, from corner to corner, like so:

Diagonal lines have a very strong directional movement; they add depth and suggest distance and perspective. As the human eye tends to drift naturally from the bottom left to top right, diagonals in this direction are the most powerful of all.

So take this example…

View original post 547 more words


The Instant of Change in Medieval Philosophy and Beyond

Since antiquity, philosophers have investigated how change works. If a thing moves from one state to another, when exactly does it start to be in its new state, and when does it cease to be in its former one? In the late Middle Ages, the "problem of the instant of change” was subject to considerable debate and gave rise to sophisticated theories; it became popular and controversial again in the second half of the twentieth century. The studies collected here constitute the first attempt at tackling the different aspects of an issue that, until now, have been the object of seminal but isolated forays. They do so in through a historical perspective, offering both the medieval and the contemporary viewpoints.
Contributors are Damiano Costa, Graziana Ciola, William O. Duba, Simo Knuuttila, Greg Littmann, Can Laurens Löwe, Graham Priest, Magali Roques, Niko Strobach, Edith Dudley Sylla, Cecilia Trifogli and Gustavo Fernández Walker.
Restricted Access

EUR €68.00USD $82.00

Biographical Note

Frédéric Goubier, Ph.D. (2003), University of Geneva, is a Research Fellow at the Department of Philosophy of that university. He has published several books and articles on medieval philosophy of language.
Magali Roques, Ph.D. (2012), is a Research Fellow at the Department of Philosophy of Universität Hamburg. She has published several books and papers on fourteenth-century philosophy of language and metaphysics, including the edited volume The Language of Thought in Late Medieval Philosophy. Essays in Honor of Claude Panaccio (2017).

All readers interested in the Metaphysics of Change and its history, Medieval philosophy, and paraconsistent logic.


Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Bhubaneshwar – Preliminary Round Questions

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Bhubaneshwar  – Preliminary Round Questions

     – Omkar Amrutanshu and Abhinav Dhar
    College of Veterinary Sciences
     – Sangram Sahu and Rashmi Swain

Preliminary Round Questions:

1) Identify the person.

A. Sarthak Beuria

Q2)Which company with the name: X AG, Cash & Carry, has the following electronic stores like Real, Saturn, Media Mrkt and Redcoon?

Q3) Identify the production house?

A. Columbia Pictures

Q4) Nick.com is the official website of which American network originally called “Pinwheel”?

A. Nickelodeon

Q5) Identify the entity headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

A. Bank of America

Q6) The first X opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971, by three partners who met while they were students at the University of San Francisco. In the agreement, it is mentioned that their founders are an English teacher Jerry Baldwin, a history teacher Zev Siegl and writer, Gordon Bowker?

A. Starbucks

Q7) Name the currency. (No points for identification)

A. Ngultrum

Q8) Hatchback manufactured at Chennai by Ford, shares its name with a famous retired Portuguese footballer?

A. Figo

Q9) Which sports venture has the investment of Sachin Tendulkar and PVP ventures?

A. Kerala Blasters

Q10) Identify the parent company? (No points of identification)

A. Airtel

Q11) Which products released by its parent company after Area -51?

A. Alienware

Q12) Which is the company who is in the midst of the controversies for this print advertisement?

A. Burger King

Q13) What is the startup rolled out by director Shekhar Kapoor & A.R.Rahman?

A. Qyuki

Q14) Name both the companies behind this very attractive print advertisement campaign?

A. X=OLX.com Y=Flipkart

A. Sweat Equity

Q16) Identify the logo of this entity?

A. Airport Authority of India

Q17) Give me the context of this famous Amul advertisement?

A. Telegram

Q18) Name the bank which has come up with this interesting advertising campaign?

A. IndusInd Bank

Q19) X is a metaphor based on utility and consumption of computing resources. X involves deploying groups of remote servers and software networks that allow centralized data storage and online access to computer services or resources. X can be classified as public, private or hybrid. What is X?

A. Cloud Computing

Q20) Identify the context of this book.

A. 2G spectrum

Questions compiled by Dr.Rashmi Ranjan Swain & Bivash Rath Attreya.

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Cochin – Regional Round Questions

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Cochin – Regional Round Questions

  • WINNER :

         GLC Kochi – Jis Sebastian and Feny Joy

         St. Thomas Pala – Rahul and Jithin Xavier

Wild Card Round Questions:

Ans : Chattisgarh

Ans : Noodles cup (Nissin)

3. Who wrote this?

Ans: Napoleon Hill

Ans : Jet Airways

5. Name the author?

Ans: Devdutt Patnaik

6. Name the auth0r?

Ans: Shiv Khera

Ans : Mattress

Regional Round Questions:

Ans: Milton

Ans: Horlicks

3 Connect

Ans: Tintin

Ans: Economic Moat

5. Logo of ?

5 finals

 Ans: Thomas Cook

6.Which company produces this ?

Hershey Kisses

Ans: Hershey’s Kisses

Ans: Scotch Tapes

Ans: Assembly line.

9. Identify?

9 Finals

Ans: Marilyn Monroe

Ans: Uncle John

Finals 11

Ans: Jim Corbett

Ans: Tom & Jerry

located ?

Ans: Tampere, Finland

14 Finals

Ans: M.A Chidambaram

15. Haloid is the old name of?

Ans: Xerox

16. Name the author?

16 Finals

Ans: Harish Bhat

17.This is an initiative from ?

17 Finals

Ans: ITC

18.Which company is being shown here ?

18 Finals

Ans: Cadbury Bournville

19.Identify ?

19 Finals

Ans: M.A Yousuf Ali

Ans: Chewing gum

 21. This is the new range of prodcts launched by ?

21 Finals

Ans: Fastrack Helmets from Titan

22.Logo of ?

22 Finals

Ans: Smithsonian Museums

Questions contributed by Rajeev Nair and Feny Joy.

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Cochin – Preliminary Round Questions

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Cochin  – Preliminary Round Questions

GLC Kochi
 – Jis Sebastian and Feny Joy

St. Thomas Pala
 – Rahul and Jithin Xavier

Preliminary Round Questions:

1. With which entertainment giant would you associate Finding Dory?

A. Pixar and Disney (Both were accepted)

2. What do you mean by Philately ?

A. Stamp collection

3. This started as a wood pulp mill in a town in Southwestern Finland in 1865.This was acquired by Microsoft in 2014?

A. Nokia

4. Identify this visionary from his younger days who made Kerala and India proud.

A. Dr. Verghese Kurien

5. Identify what the lady is wearing?

A. Kimono

6. This image with “metro man” written on top of it and asked to identify.

A. E. Sreedharan

7.Identify the logo?

A. Biocon

8. This was started as toy balloon manufacturing unit by K.M Mammen Mappillai at Tiruvottiyur, Madras ?

9. “Edge is Efficiency” is the tagline of ?

10. Logo of?

A. Instagram

11. This is a term used to describe something performed by a company or an individual to help identify potential threats on a computer or network. They try to bypass way past the security system and search for any weak points thereby helping the organization to improve system security ?

A. Ethical hacking or White hat hacking

12. The company was founded on April 1,1891 originally selling products such as baking powder and soaps.Then , the company began packing ‘something for free’ with each can of baking powder. The thing given for free eventually became more popular than the original product and the company re-oriented to produce it ?

A. Wrigleys Chewing Gum

13. What is this ? What is it used for?

A. Alternative to smoking

14. ‘.de’ is the domain name of which country ?

A. Germany

15. Dynamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage. This was the first of something in the world. What ?

A. First mobile phone ( DynaTAC )

16. This was started in 1982 with a view “ The network is the computer “ and they sold computer software , IT services and also created the Java programming language “Network File System” ? (Hint: They were acquired by oracle in 2010 )

A. Sun Microsystems

17. Which Indian govt organization started producing the ‘Penta T-Pad’ range of tablets in the market ?

18. The Hanx typewriter company was founded by whom?

A. Tom Hanks

19. Old logo of?

A. Puma

20. Which organisation started the ‘Are you my type? ‘ campaign ?

(Hint: Think blood)

A. Red Cross Society

Questions contributed by Rajeev Nair and Feny Joy.

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Kozhikode – Regional Round Questions

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Kozhikode – Regional Round Questions

NIT Calicut
– Nayan Nitesh and Adithya Das

IIM Kozhikode –
Pranshumaan and Sandesh

Wild Card Round Questions:

1. Which airline has a jet called Mint?

A. SpiceJet

2. The full form of CEAT tyres was given and which company was to identified?

3. George Stephen Palmer is the founder of?

A. Palmolive

4. WROGN is a brand by?

A. Virat Kohli

5. Funskool is owned by?

6. According to some magazine he is the richest cook in the world. Who?

A. Tim Cook of Apple

7. From IIM Ahmedabad he went USA to create a Pyramid. Who?

A. CK Prahalad

Regional Round Questions:

1. A picture of Picaso was shown, what in the internet is named after him?

A. Picasa

2. Who is the author of the book Beyond the Blue Mountain?

A. RM Lala

3. Connect:

Screen Shot 2015-03-07 at 1.27.53 am

A. Verghese Kurien

4. MICO is a subsidary of?

A. Bosch

5. This foundation is owned by?

A. Lady Gaga

6. Which brand gets its name from this?

A. Mountain Dew

7. To avoid bad health of girls what is banned in Israel?

A. Slim models

8. Connect:

Screen Shot 2015-03-07 at 1.17.38 am

A. Lux (Jean Harlow, Jayalalitha and SRK were all ambassadors)

9. Question on etymology of Hamam soap.

10. Identify.

A. Yingluck Shinawatra

11. Which Is the famous model from Ideal Jawa?

A. Yezdi

12. Identify.

A. Bimal Jalan

13. Which state capital is famous for Blue Pottery?

A. Jaipur

14. Question connecting Wigs and King Louis 13 of France.

15. Identify.

A. Art of Living

16. Connect:

Screen Shot 2015-03-07 at 1.14.32 am

A. Mother Teresa

17. Identify the airline that has all the Air Hostess using same hair style by using wigs.

A. IndiGo

18. What was founded by Ole Kirk Christiansen?

A. Lego

19. After missing one of its airlines, what logo change was made by Air Asia?

A. Changing the colour of their logo

20. Question on identifying Baskin Robbins through an advertisement.

21. Question on identifying Spirit of Ecstacy of Rolls Royce.

22. He is the chief advisor of which Indian government entity?

A. Skill Development

What is the new name of Planning Commission?

A. NITI Aayog

Which tech giant acquired this company?

A. Google

Questions contributed by Arjun Tendulkar and Abhijith Sugathan.

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Kozhikode – Preliminary Round Questions

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Kozhikode  – Preliminary Round Questions

NIT Calicut
– Nayan Nitesh and Adithya Das

IIM Kozhikode –
Pranshumaan and Sandesh

Preliminary Round Questions:

1. After whom this Jacket named?

A. Jawahar Lal Nehru

2. Which famous silent film actor was one of the co-founders of “United Artists”?

A. Charlie Chaplin

3. Inspired from male and female toilet symbols what was designed by Irina Blok?

A. Android logo

4. Identify the person.

A. E. Sreedharan

5. What was first created by Will Keith? Now this item features in our breakfast tables.

A. Cornflakes

6. What is the most famous product a of a Russian company named IZH?

A. AK 47

7. Which company is nicknamed Big Brown?

8. Identify the logo.

A. Qantas Airlines

9. Who was the founder of a service called Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, which presents science in a more entertaining manner to children?

A. Walt Disney

10. Which company’s name means “Leave luck to heaven”?

A. Nintendo

11. Question on identifying Revlon from a print advertisement featuring its water resistant eye liners.

12. Which company’s name derives from Voice Data Phone?

A. Vodafone

13. Inspired from the Bourse of Antwerp, what was founded by Thomas Gresham in 1571 in England? Inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth 1.

A. Royal Exchange

14. What is this Amul advertisement featuring?

A. Nelson Mandela’s death

15. Which company was founded by him?

A. Sony

16. Who is the official time keeper of Wimbledon?

A. Rolex

17. Once owned by MGM which entertainment company was founded and named after William and Joseph?

A. Hanna Barbara

18. Which company owns these brands?

19. Question on identifying Platinum Jewels from a print advertisement.

20.Identify the person.

A. Naina Lal Kidwai

Questions contributed by Arjun Tendulkar and Abhijith Sugathan.

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Manipal – Regional Round Questions

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Manipal  – Regional Round Questions

  • WINNER :
  • TAPMI- Sudharshan and Vinayak
  • RUNNER UP :
  • TAPMI- Aniruddh and Adithya

Regional Round Questions:

Q.1. Identify this Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture and what is his contribution outside of architecture?

Answer- Ernő Rubik, Rubik’s Cube

Q.2. This is the largest movie chain in Mexico. They opened their first theater chain in Amritsar in India and they have a significant presence in India now. Identify the company.

Answer- Cinepolis

Q.3. A question on HMT.

Q.4. This company is the earliest predecessor of Manhattan Company. This company was created in NY state to supply “Pure and Wholesome water”.

Answer- JP Morgan

Q.5. Identify the logo.

Answer- Theosophical Society

Q.6. What is the only book except Bible which has followed Anglo Saxons from around the world?

Answer- Britannica Encyclopedia

Q.7. E. Grant Guvan, a Delhi based industrialist, who started Indian National Airways, was the founding President of which other well recognized Indian body?

Answer- BCCI

Q.8. Connect:

Answer- Ajay Devgan

Q.9. The makers of a ‘geographic indicator’ are the descendants of Sage Markanda, master weaver of Gods, according to Hindu Mythology. What is the product do they manufacture?

Answer- Kanchipuram Saree

Q.10. Name the towers of the Deutsche Bank building.

Answer-Debit and Credit

Q.11. What is the product that was marketed as Parle’s ‘Zing Thing’?

Answer- Gold Spot

Q.12. Identify the logo.

Answer- Election Commission of India

Q.13. This Scholarship is an international award for study at St. John’s College at the University of Cambridge. They are PhD standard  scholarships for prospective Indian PhD students awarded by the College. The award was designed to benefit academically bright Indian students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, and is administered by the College. The Scholarship is named in honor of a former student of the College, who is widely acknowledged as the architect of the economic reforms that have helped propel India onto the world stage. Name the scholarship.

Answer- Dr.Manmohan Singh Scholarship

Q.14. Identify the person

Answer- Charles R Schwab

Q.14. A question on Swarovski.

Q.15. Identify the person

Answer- R. Mukundan

Q.16. Uber partnered with a Swedish music service company. Name the company.

Answer- Spotify

Q.17. Who are called Scarlet Collar Workers?

Answer- Sex Industry Workers

Q.18. There’s a prominent building of  Raja Bijoi Singh, the 16th Raja of Mandi, which is the headquarters of a very famous organization. Which organization?

Answer- Doordarshan

Q.19. Identify this high school student

Answer- Tim Cook

Q.20. This is the cartoon depicting which US President’s cqmpaign?

Answer- Abraham Lincoln

Q.21. Question on advertisement by Wonder Bra.

Q.22. On 5.12.2014, Belgium bid for a UNESCO heritage status for a product that is been claimed by France but was originally from Belgium. Name the product.

Answer- French Fries

Questions contributed by Sreenidhish Narayanan.

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Manipal – Preliminary Round Questions

Tata Crucible Campus Edition 2015 – Manipal  – Preliminary Round Questions

  • WINNER :
  • TAPMI- Sudharshan and Vinayak
  • RUNNER UP :
  • TAPMI- Aniruddh and Adithya

Preliminary Round Questions:

Q.1. Identify the person.

Answer- CV Raman

Answer- Indigo

Answer- Indian rupee was devalued.

Answer- Jabong

Q.6. Which finance minister introduced VAT in 2005?

Answer- P Chidambaram

Q.7. Question on currencies with unique symbols.

Q.8. Identify the logo.

Answer- OPEC

Q.9. A question on Boston Tea Party.

Q.10. Which company produces Redmi phone?

Answer- Xiaomi

Answer- Subhash Ghai

Q.12. Which country has their currency as Ngulturm?

Answer- Bhutan

Q.13. Identify.

Answer- Edelweiss Air

Answer- Stamford Raffles

Answer- Prudential

Questions contributed by Sreenidhish Narayanan


I believe stated plan is once ED does the lifting for the APG-73 and ground radar in general, Razbam will do the work for a B+.

Gotta be close now…

Yea don’t even bother. It’s got MFD’s. It’s got a HUD. It’s got bombs hanging from the wings. It takes off vertically. Like in straight up into the air. The 2000 shipped without smart bombs working. Hey, what are you doing? Why do you have a bucket? Is that cold water? Put that down I am serious…

@Deacon211 What’s the your opinion on that take off/start up videos?

Razbam sure keeps us in the loop with all these vids.
I love it when a developer does that!

I don’t mind the work in progress and that everything is subject to change. I like to see and follow the development process.

It’s not a RAZBAM issue, but I realllllllly hope ED fixes the sliding issue on ships.

It’s been a thing for years now. That it’s still there is a problem and it would be pretty embarrassing to have so many ship launched aircraft releasing within the next year or so and not have that fixed.

Well, they can’t have carrier ops with that… :slight_smile:

I’m confident that the developers from ED and 3d parties will do everything to get the best naval simulation for DCS. That means bugs and immersion killers like these will be removed upon release of aircraft carriers or ships in general.

One of my co-workers is like that, the other one the opposite. He remembers a ton of project numbers, part names, dates, torque value’s etc. It’s a bit scary at times.

The first company i worked at, there was a tester who only named variables numerically, like aux1 to aux9. nobody could ever read his code but himself. Oh, and at any point in time, you could ask him and he would tell you his own age in seconds. Really smart guy, in some way. Also he believed that he could hear which polarity his hifi amplifier was plugged into mains. LOL

I wish I could say the same. But I am not so confident anymore.

I’m with you. The interaction physics with ships has been terrible for a long time. Looks very silly staring at a cool harrier module sliding all over the deck when parked. I’m not sure who is responsible for it as razbam has created this ship. I wondered the same about the F-14 and heatblurs carrier as well.

How that? Have you been allowed to take a closer look at carrier assets or the overall naval simulation in DCS in order to get your view? The WIP images/videos that got published by RAZBAM or other 3d parties over the last few months weren’t disappointing, visually at least apart from sliding issues which are probably going to be resolved.

The new water waves look and behave great and I think they are an important aspect of the naval simulation.

We will have to wait and see about the ‘oiled’ flight deck feel but I think that we will see an improvement in the coming months. I think* that this is an engine issue so RAZBAM and Heatblur would need ED to provide the fix.

I would dispute the definition of terrible though. It is not the best at this point but it used to be worse. Right now I am seeing (in DCS World 2.1) a side-to-side slip as the ship rolls but there used to be a problem that, if the ship was under way, you would fairly quickly fall off the back based on the ships speed. That seems to be currently minimised.

I have not checked all of the parameters (pitch, heave, roll and speed) but I would say that most have been accounted for in some manner, we are just left with a slide based on the angles.

It is a general problem that applies to all ships (that has been said by ED) and a major pain in the behind of helicopter pilots for years. Landing on a pitching deck of a cruiser is hard enough already without the simulation engine trying to kill you as well.

I fear this will be fixed at the earliest with the release of the carriers. Which will be at some point after the F/A-18C according to Wags.

Razbam is not at fault (and they cannot fix it) and I am sure we can have fun with the Harrier without landing on ships so no problem I guess.

But the main reason I am not confident anymore is that ED has been neglecting important aspects of the simulation environment for years despite claiming otherwise.
Weather, ATC, and AI are examples. There are videos from 2013 or 2014 with Wags talking about new ATC, new weather and all that being there “soon”.
I don’t see any reason why this one should be different. I believe in something when it is released, not a second earlier.

Wags signature says Everything is subject to change. That includes the goal of having a properly working simulation environment (stated when DCSW was released) as well it seems…

It is hard to believe in anything they say these days. I hope that changes again because there are no alternatives.

EDIT: Ok on retrospect this post sounds as if I was a DCSW hater which I am not. Just disappointed.

The F/A-18C is being positioned as the new flagship aircraft for ED in a way we have not seen since the A-10C. A fundamental element of the F/A-18C, the environment where the vast majority of them are used, is carrier ops. A carrier in pitching seas, another feature they have repeatedly pointing out, with a deck full of slip’n’slide Hornets is going to generate a massive amount of complaints and reflect exceedingly poorly. I cannot fathom this not being fixed upon release of the F/A-18C.

Not any longer. Now it’s something about some bug… Wasp or Bumblebee or something :wink:

Maybe a little :slight_smile: but there are some valid points in there but I believe that ED is likely just as annoyed that they can not get to addressing the weather, ATC and AI issues, more than we might be. I know those items are still on their ToDo list, something else seems to always come along and bump them down a little.

I do not think that we should assume that no obvious attention (from our end) means that ED no longer cares.

I seriously disagree with this. I think that we get overhyped about even the smallest statement, that translates into disappointment and over time that is what we are remembering the most. Normandy (DCS World 2.1) has just come out, after a lot of work behind the scenes, and the work on the WWII aircraft has continued at a measured pace. I think that we have to be patient and take news on the developments in the manner that they are given to us … as honest reports on progress … and remember that we do not have good insight or information to make a lot of the judgements that we, as a community, make.

Indeed…just got out of the sim from our checkride (VOR circle to land at JFK for about the hundredth time)… Getting ready to head to Esparzas for some margaritas and food… :mexico:Then the freedom bird home… :airplane: