Our Technology

Clinical success and favorable outcomes appear to be related directly to the quantity of stem cells deployed. Once these adipose derived stem cells are administered back in to the patient, they have the potential to repair human tissue by forming new cells of mesenchymal origin, such as cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, nerve, fat, muscle, blood vessels, and certain internal organs. Stem cells’ ability to form cartilage and bone makes them potentially highly effective in the treatment of degenerative orthopedic conditions. Their ability to form new blood vessels and smooth muscle makes them potentially very useful in the treatment of peyronies disease and impotence. Stem cells are used extensively in Europe and Asia to treat these conditions.

Cell Banking

Cryo-preservation and banking of adipose derived stem cells is possible and can be performed at the same time as your SVF deployment procedure. Cells On Ice™ is the company that handles this process in collaboration with their technology partner American CryoStem (ACS). Autologous lipo-aspirate can be frozen as fat or as SVF. SVF can be frozen for repeated deployments and in the near future (pending regulatory approval) expanded into nearly unlimited quantities of autologous stem cells. This will provide patients with their own personal stem cell line that could be used “on demand” for everything from treating stroke, heart attack, serious accident, or even cancer therapy at any time in their life. The Cells On Ice™ program is also vital since many of the conditions we treat such as neuro-degenerative disorders and auto-immune conditions often require repeat deployments and using banked autologous cells allows this to be done in a convenient and cost effective manner. For more information on banking your own cells call 855-204-0302.

What types of specialties are represented at Park Avenue Stem Cell?

A wide range of medical specialties is represented including urology, cosmetic surgery, ear, nose, & throat, sports medicine, functional medicine, orthopedics, internal medicine and cardiology to name a few. Our Network continues to grow and add experts from various other fields. Park Avenue Stem Cell is the first multispecialty stem cell center in the United States.

Why does Park Avenue Stem Cell take a multispecialty treatment approach to regenerative medicine?

Patients suffer from many varieties of degenerative illnesses. There may be conditions associated with nearly all aspects of the body. Board certified specialists are ideal to evaluate, recommend and/or treat, and subsequently follow your progress. Together, through the PASC, we work to coordinate and provide therapy – mainly with your own stem cells, but also through other avenues of regenerative medicine. This could include hormone replacement therapy or other appropriate recommendations.

For example, if you have a knee problem, Our staff at PASC may collaborate with other affiliates with specific expertise in treating certain joints. Also, you might be recommended for evaluation for hormone replacement therapy or an exercise program should such be considered optimal. Nonetheless, we believe stem cell therapy to be the likely foundation for regenerative treatment. It should also be noted, that all treatments are currently in the investigational stage. While we recognize our patients are seeking improvement in their condition through stem cell therapy, each treatment is part of an ongoing investigation to establish optimal parameters for treatment, to evaluate for effectiveness and for any adverse effects. It is essential that patients understand they are participating in these investigational (research) analyses. Once sufficient information is appropriately documented and statistically significant, then data (validated by an Institutional Review Board) may be presented to the FDA for consideration of making an actual claim.

How does Park Avenue Stem Cell control sterility in the processing of the stem cells?

Are any biological agents added to the stem cells such as medications or mixtures containing Plasma Enriched Platelets?

What are the tools of regenerative medicine?

Traditionally, we have used various medications and hormones to limit disease and help the body repair itself. For example, hormone replacement therapy has, in many cases, shown the ability to more optimally help the immune system and thus help us repair diseased or injured tissues. Genetic research is an evolving area where we will eventually learn and utilize more ways of specifically dealing with gene defects causing degenerative disease. Stem cell therapy has already shown considerable promise in treating many degenerative conditions. Stem cells communicate with our tissues and with each other through a complex system of protein signaling molecules called cytokines or “growth factors.” There are thousands of growth factors and some FDA approved and clinically available such as AQ topical growth factors (see store) that are useful for a number of cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. The science of using growth factors with stem cells is evolving and represents the next main area of growth in regenerative medicine.

Why does Park Avenue Stem Cell use liposuction fat rather than bone marrow as a source of stem cells?

What is a Stem Cell?

How do Adult Stem Cells Heal?

Non Embryonic Adult Stem Cells

What Diseases & Problems Can Be Treated?

Why do patients request stem cell treatment?

Many have been told that they require surgery or other risky treatments for their ailments and are looking for non-invasive options. Some have heard about the compelling testimonials about stem cells in the literature and on various websites. Many have read about the results of stem cell treatments in animal models and in humans. PASC does not believe in claims or testimonials since our work is still investigational but we are a resource for patients who need access to regenerative care.PASC gives a choice to those informed patients who seek modern regenerative therapy but desire convenience, quality and affordability. PASC fills a need for those patients who have been told that they have to travel to different countries and pay as much as twenty to one hundred thousand dollars for stem cell treatments off shore.

Are there reports of autologous adipose derived adult mesenchymal stem cells harming any humans or animals?

Can stem cells treat cancer?

Stem cells have played an important role in cancer therapy for five decades. Hematopoetic stem cells (similar to mesenchymal stem cells and also found in stromal vascular fraction) have been used to restore bone marrow and replace blood cell lines after planned ablation of a cancer patient’s bone marrow. This is known as a “stem cell transplant” and is associated with significant risk to cancer patients. Of course this is different than a regenerative therapy using stem cells to replace or repair damaged tissue. Having said that, new advances in cancer therapy have exploited stem cell property known as “TROPISM” which is the ability of stem cells to target tumors. This property has been used to help carry cancer killing agents deep into the cancer where the body’s immune system cannot always operate effectively. Park Avenue Stem Cell is involved in cutting edge clinical trials using stem cells to carry cancer-killing viruses deep into cancer tissue that has not responded to conventional therapy. For more information on this study, call 800-231-0407.

Can stem cells cause cancer?

What about patients with known cancers?

Stem cell therapy is thought to be safe and not affect dormant cancers. If someone has had cancer that was treated and responded successfully, there is no reason to withhold stem cell deployment. In most cases, stem cells should not be used in patients with known active cancer outside of an active protocol (see “Can stem cells treat cancer”).

Is Our Procedure FDA Approved?

NO. However, Park Avenue Stem Cell’s surgical procedures fall under the category of physician’s practice of medicine, wherein the physician and patient are free to consider their chosen course of treatment. The FDA does have guidelines about treatment and manipulation of a patient’s own tissues. At PASC we meet these guidelines by providing same day treatment with the patient’s own cells that undergo no manipulation and are inserted during the same procedure.

Does Park Avenue Stem Cell Use Any Embryonic Stem Cells?

No. Only adult mesenchymal stem cells are used. These cells are capable of forming bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, ligaments, blood vessels, and certain organs. Embryonic stem cells are associated with ethical considerations and limitations.

Does Park Avenue Stem Cell use stem cells from any other animal source or person?

No. Only a person’s own adult autologous cells are used. These are harvested from each individual and deployed back into their own body. There is no risk of contamination or risk of introduction of mammalian DNA into the treatments.

Why do some stem cell facilities around the world require days to weeks before removal of mesenchymal stem cells until reinsertion into the patient?

These facilities are obtaining stem cells from bone marrow or blood in relatively small quantities and they are then culturing (growing) the cells to create adequate quantities. Research seems to indicate that success of treatment is directly related to the quantity of cells injected. PASC uses adipose derived stem cells that are abundant naturally at approximately 2,500 times levels found in bone marrow (the most common source of mesenchymal stem cells). PASC uses technology that isolates adipose stem cells in vast numbers in a short time span so that prolonged culturing is unnecessary and cells can be deployed into a patient within 90 minutes of harvesting.

What claims are currently made by PASC about what stem cell therapy can do for you?

Is everyone a candidate?

Are any patients automatically excluded?

Who decides who is eligible?

Does a candidate have to participate in research to receive treatment at PASC?

No. Participation in any of our protocols is not mandatory and there are no incentives, financial or otherwise, to induce patients to enroll in our studies. However, PASC is dedicated to clinical research for the development of stem cell science. PASC is taking an active role in cutting edge clinical research in the new field of regenerative medicine. Research studies will be explained and privacy will be maintained. Formal future research studies will be regulated by an Institutional Review Board which is an authorized agency that promotes validity, transparency and protection of human study enrollees.

What is the cost of consultation and treatment?

What does the cost of procedure include?

Once a candidate is selected for treatment, how does PASC obtain a person’s stem cells?

Stem cells are harvested and deployed during the same procedure. Our patients undergo a minimally-invasive liposuction type of harvesting procedure by a surgeon in our specialized treatment facility in a Treatment Center closest to you. The harvesting procedure generally lasts a few minutes and can be done under local anesthesia. Stromal Vascular Fraction SVF which contains mesenchymal stem cells and growth factors is then processed from 2 ounces of fat using a closed sterile system to avoid contact with the environment. SVF is ready for deployment within 90 minutes or less.

How is Fat Obtained?

PASC patients have their fat (usually abdominal) harvested in our special sterile treatment facility under a local anesthetic. The fat removal procedure lasts approximately twenty minutes. Specially designed equipment is used to harvest the fat cells and less than 100cc of fat is required. Post operative discomfort is minimal and there is minimal restriction on activity.

How are the cells deployed into a patient?

How many injections are required for success?

Most patients, especially those with orthopedic conditions, require only one deployment. Certain types of degenerative conditions, particularly auto-immune disease, may respond best to a series of stem cell deployments. The number and necessity of any additional treatments would be decided on a case by case basis. Financial consideration is given in these instances.

Can I be expected to improve after stem cell treatment at Park Avenue Stem Cell?

Different conditions are treated in different ways and there are different degrees of success. If the goal is regeneration of joint cartilage, one may not see expected results until several months after treatment. Some patients may not experience significant improvement and others may see dramatic regeneration of damaged tissue or resolution of disease. Many of the disorders and problems that the physicians at PASC are treating represent pioneering work and there is a lack of data. FDA regulations prevent PASC from making any claims about expectations for success, however, if you are chosen for treatment, it will be explained that we believe stem cell therapy may be beneficial or in some cases that we are unsure and treatment would be considered investigational.

How long does it take to see improvement?

Why freeze cells today, can’t I just wait until I need them?

We believe your cells represent an important form of “bio-insurance.” Producing your cells after an “elective” mini-liposuction during a convenient time that you choose has several advantages. Not only can we store your own DNA now, but we should be able to soon culture your cells to increase the total quantity of stem cells, too.

On the serious side, if you have a heart attack or stroke or unexpected severe injury or illness you might not be in a situation that would permit elective liposuction. ,You may benefit from rapid deployment of your own stem cells which could be best achieved if they were readily available “on ice” and ready to be sent to your physicians.

Many sports injuries could be more rapidly repaired using your own stem cells. If athletes – professional, collegiate and even high school – that participated in sports known for contact injuries could harvest their cells during a convenient off-season period their cells would always be ready when needed.

The way we treat cancer is about to change in a revolutionary way and your stem cells may be an integral part of a cancer treatment. Cancer patients are often debilitated and might benefit from having access to healthy stem cells taken from their bodies before they contracted their disease. These stem cells may carry vital cancer killing agents directly into the tumor. Also, with new special blood testing that can detect cancer cells before they become clinically apparent (e.g. seen, felt, or detected on MRI or x-ray), it may also be possible for your cells to hunt down these cancer cells before you get sick.

Based on research being done now, healthy stem cells removed in your youth may play an important clinical role in longevity and wellness also. Your cells may be the key to the “fountain of youth.” Because your cells have the capacity to be replicated, by banking cells now, we can eventually set up the replication process so we can return many more of your own cells from time to time. In theory, by frequently providing you your own stem cells, they can be used to continually renew vital body parts as they naturally deteriorate from routine cell death. Imagine being able to maintain healthy heart and vital function with youthful stamina and strength well in your hundreds – we believe this is possible. We say “taking good care of your cells and being able to replace them” may be the key to longevity with good health and function. While allogenic (from other people) stem cells may one day be available, we’re committed to preserving your own DNA as well.

Additionally, if you suffer from a condition that requires multiple infusions of stem cells, it would be much easier to harvest more fat and thus cells at one sitting and simply receive the cells when necessary from time to time without going through a cell harvesting procedure (e.g. liposuction or bone marrow tap) each visit. The key to successful cell therapy in many cases is repeat treatments.

Finally, a lot of people want to get rid of undesired fat for appearance sake. That means that thousands of people every year end up throwing away their wonderful stem cells without even knowing it. We think this is a terrible waste and that patients should be routinely advised that they can freeze their cells to save the fat and stem cells as they choose.

Is it true that stem cells are healthier when one is younger?

Yes, younger cells are best. In general, cells in fat are much more durable and stable with age in comparison to bone marrow derived cells where the quantity of stem cells and proliferative potential (vitality) decreases every decade of life. However, even in fat derived cells, the quality of the stem cells does diminish gradually with age and the best cells are stored when you are younger but it’s never too late if you plan.

Is frozen SVF pure stem cells?

No. Your stem cells from fat tissue are frozen in the form of SVF which is derived from processing your fat. SVF is also known as Stromal Vascular Fraction. This is derived from the liposuction and digestion of the loose connective tissue that surrounds small blood vessels and fat. This connective tissue binds mesenchymal stem cells including cells that are destined to become blood vessels and fat but can be diverted for repair and regeneration of numerous tissues around the body including nerve, muscle, blood vessel, bone, and many more. In addition to these stem cells, there are abundant white blood cells, lymphocytes, immune cells, growth factors, and other cell types such as red blood cells, endothelial cells and epithelial cells.

At some point in the not too distant future, we will be able to “expand” (replicate multiple times) the stem cells in your SVF which makes them immortal and will provide an unlimited supply of healing cells. Once your SVF is “expanded,” only the stem cells will be replicated. These expanded stem cells will be frozen as pure cells instead of SVF.

How are my stem cells frozen?

Your fat will be converted into SVF which includes mesenchymal adult stem cells. The process will be performed in an FDA approved sterile lab where experts will bathe the SVF cells in a vital fluid that protects them during the freezing process. They are then stored at 190 degrees below zero. Twenty five 25cc of condensed fat can be converted into up to four aliquots of SVF which are individually frozen and available for 4 different treatments.

How are my stem cells thawed?

Under appropriate regulatory approval, your frozen SVF can be returned to your physician. Thawed SVF must be treated, washed and filtered to prepare it for deployment. This process requires special training and equipment which is now available at approved physician’s offices all over the United States. The thawing process is very important and many steps are taken to ensure that the cells are undamaged by their journey and are healthy and ready to work when you need them.

How do we know that the cells survive the freezing and thawing process?

As measured by the proliferative potential (time it takes for cell replication) and differentiation ability (ability to form different tissues) we provide evidence that shows the SVF can be frozen and thawed for use while maintaining its vitality. Validation studies confirm that cells that are properly frozen and thawed have the same viability as fresh tissue.

What is SVF being used for today?

There are numerous uses for SVF. SVF is currently being studied as a potential treatment for a variety of degenerative and inflammatory conditions such as heart disease, COPD and emphysema, critical limb ischemia, many degenerative diseases of the eye, Peyronies disease and interstitial cystitis, lichen sclerosis, and orthopedic conditions such as osteoarthritis, chronic and acute muscle and tendon injuries and even to help speed up and better mend fractures and other orthopedic surgical procedures. It is being used and will find more uses for a large variety of neurological conditions including stroke, concussion, traumatic brain injuries of all kinds, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and others. SVF is also used in auto-immune and even in some rare congenital disorders. Studies are also ongoing to use SVF to help deliver cancer killing agents directly into the tumor.

Does the cell harvesting hurt?

Mini-lipoharvesting can be performed under local anesthesia through a tiny 2mm puncture in a very short time. This generally is completed within 10 – 15 minutes. Patients report minimal discomfort and can be back to work right away. Patients can also save some of the fat from elective cosmetic procedures by telling their surgeon ahead of time to contact Cells On Ice and they will be provided with a kit for sending some fat to our facility. Sadly, much fat is simply “thrown away” after these liposuctions and patients do not realize that they are disposing of their own “liquid biologic gold.”

What are the risks of receiving my own mesenchymal stem cells?

Minimal. Excellent safety data has been shown with the use of autologous cell therapies (1). There have been more than 17,000 scientific articles involving 2,724 cell therapy clinical trials have been published since 2000. (2). These results include 323,000 patients receiving more than 675,000 cell deployments.. The treatments were very safe and often highly effective in the mitigation of various degenerative conditions. (1,2,3). The Cell Surgical network and its affiliate center Park Avenue Stem Cell Treatment Center has performed over 2000 IRB approved procedures for the deployment of SVF containing autologous stem cells for various degenerative conditions showing extremely good safety data.

What tests do I need prior to cryo-preserving my stem cells?

Certain basic laboratory tests are required before the Cells On Ice cryobank can accept any human tissue in order to eradicate the chance of spread of communicable disease. These simple blood tests include: syphilis, HIV, and Hepatitis.

Where will my cells be kept?

Your cells will be in large tanks filled with liquid nitrogen in a secure main location in New Jersey. This sterile facility was established in 2008 for the sole purpose of storing and eventually replicating autologous (i.e. your own) adult stem cells. Many failsafe systems are in place to protect your cells from unexpected events such as power loss or natural disaster.

How long can my cells stay in cryogenic state?

Indefinitely. The freezing process is designed so that cells frozen for long periods can have excellent viability. You can even make arrangements to will them to others including family members with your genetics or even other people who might benefit from cell therapy but are unable to have their own cells available. Cryobiology has demonstrated that frozen cells can remain viable for many decades.

How can I be sure my cells cannot be mixed up with someone else’s?

Multiple overlapping systems are in place to protect labelling and the “chain of custody” which means that your stem cells are identified strictly as your own and cannot be mixed up with someone else’s cells either in storage or in transit.

What if I need my cells for multiple repeat treatments?

We are now able to freeze your stem cells in the form of SVF in as many as 4 small vials that can be individually thawed for individual serial treatments. By harvesting extra fat, should it be available, one could provide multiple additional vials for multiple periodic deployments. Once we are able to expand cells, the supply will be essentially unlimited.

Can we freeze fat also?

Yes, we are also able to freeze fat before it is made into SVF. This takes up more room but should excess fat tissue be available by storing it you maintain an excellent source of tissue that can be very effective for cosmetic procedures like facial fat grafting, breast augmentation or repair of various defects that may occur with age, trauma or disease.

Can we freeze stem cells from bone marrow or umbilical cord?

Yes, in some cases that is possible, but will require special arrangements. Please call 855-204-0302 to discuss options.

Is it affordable?

We believe this may be the best health insurance you could ever purchase. While there will always be diseases that require medical and surgical intervention, eventually, all conditions will require replacement or supplementation with new cells (i.e. replacement parts). To store your SVF as Bio-insurance, the general cost is $2,500 and that include the first year’s storage fee. After that, there will be an annual storage fee of $240/year.

If you have very average health insurance for yourself only, it’s probably costing over $500/month or $6,000 / year. This may end up being one of the cheapest and most valuable insurance policies you may possess.

I have cord blood from when I was a baby, how is this different?

Cord blood technically contains some stem cells in quite low quantities and these may not be sufficient for your future medical needs.

I may have a family member who becomes ill. Who else can use my cells?

Under special circumstances, first degree relatives may be able to use your cells. Special blood screening would be necessary as well as regulatory approval.

Are stem cells being used for cancer treatment?

Research is actively ongoing to use stem cells to help advance cancer therapies. Stem cells have a unique ability to detect abnormal tissue and can play an active role in the destruction of cancer cells by bringing cancer killing agents directly to the cancerous tissue in a targeted fashion. Stem cells can also play a vital role in the mitigation of cellular damage to living tissue that resulted from the administration of chemotherapy or radiation therapy in an attempt to kill tumors. Much of the original stem cell research was done to show that stem cells were indeed essential for treating radiation damage.

How does the FDA regulate cryo preservation technology?

The FDA registers and may inspect cryo-preservation facilities. The cryopreservation of stem cells is highly regulated to protect patients from the transmission of infectious disease. Your cells will be preserved in a bank that has the highest standards.

“The Cell Surgical Network and its affiliate treatment centers are not offering stem cell therapy as a cure for any condition, disease, or injury. No statements or implied treatments on this website have been evaluated or approved by the FDA. This website contains no medical advice. All statements and opinions provided by this website are provided for educational and informational purposes only and we do not diagnose or treat via this website or via telephone. The Cell Surgical Network and its affiliate treatment centers are offering patient funded research to provide individual patients with Stromal Vascular Fraction that contains their own autologous stem cells and growth factors and the treatment centers provide surgical procedures only and are not involved in the use or manufacture of any investigational drugs.

The Cell Surgical network does not claim that any applications, or potential applications, using autologous stem cells are approved by the FDA, or are even effective. We do not claim that these treatments work for any listed nor unlisted condition, intended or implied. It’s important for potential patients to do their own research based on the options that we present so that one can make an informed decision. Any decision to participate in our patient funded experimental protocols is completely voluntary.

ATTENTION: If you have ANY concern with stromal vascular fraction, any of our products, methods, website, or technique and think we may be violating any U.S. law, please contact us so that we can investigate the matter or concern immediately.

**Results of these treatments vary from individual to individual and it is not possible to predict or guarantee the outcome of any medical procedure.

346 E 51st St, NY, NY 10022
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Margaret Whiting Quotes

I had years of experience that I still needed to accumulate and go through.

Rosemary was a little nervous about going onstage, but she went on with us. I saw her at a party, and a couple of months later they called me about doing the act.

The musicians recommend that I sing a sing the way it is written the first time and then start to look for other notes that aren't in the melody.

The way I teach people to sing... I have them talk the lyric out until it sounds like something they really believe, like an actor with a monologue.

We teach young kids from 8 to 14 or 15 about their musical heritage through great songs written by American songwriters. We don't do too many modern composers, although we include songs from Billy Joel and other writers like him.


Dang. Something got moved around.
Here's some of our popular posts that you may want to check out instead.

Understanding your birth chart is where it all begins! Learning about ourselves is the anchor in a spiritual life during modern times. We need to reconnect and rediscover our True Self.

High vibe bedroom?

We spend a lot of time in our bedrooms, so creating a relaxing oasis is essential to waking up feeling vibrant. Check out my favourite high vibe accessories for the bedroom.

Crystals can become energetically clogged when they're busy working with us. Keeping your stones sparkly clean energetically is part of good crystal care.

It doesn't matter the season or the amount of dirt in your yard, working with botanicals is a big part of the modern mystic lifestyle. Here are my favourites and what they're good for.


Loss and Grief

Relationship Building

Are you struggling with loss and grief and need some support?

Do you feel weighted down with the demands of life and
would like to gain confidence and clarity on the best way forward

Do you feel overwhelmed and disoriented with the
changes happening in your life?

Are you and your partner experiencing challenges within your relationship
and struggling to resolve differences and conflict?

Having faced various struggles throughout my own life, I know how difficult it can be to reach out for help and begin the journey of facing change and loss and making positive life change. Through my personal experiences, I gained a deep curiosity to understand the human condition and the common threads of human struggle.

I specialize in counselling for loss, change, grief and anxiety as well as relationship building for couples. I will help you address and work through your underlying feelings, fears and resistances which stand between you and living a life with more vitality, confidence, courage and purpose.

Human Potential & Self Accountability

It is my belief that each person has all of the necessary resources within themselves to make meaningful and sustainable personal change.  My approach and philosophy is to guide and assist you to tap into your own resources and strengths that may be lying dormant. Each person not only holds this innate ability, but through this acceptance of self-accountability you realize a sense of liberation and a shift in perception that can have impacting and lasting effects for you and those in your sphere of influence.

Emotional Based Therapy

I utilize a psycho-emotional and transpersonal blended approach in working through real life struggles to uncover and address the source of discontent and anxiety that have given rise to these struggles. I focus on helping you access suppressed feelings and provide you support and a safe space to freely express and feel what is needing to be addressed. Much anxiety and depression is rooted in un-grieved and hidden loss going back to childhood. Facing and working through grief, loss and sadness is integral to feeling better in all areas of life including being able to better manage anxiety and address fears/resistances.

A staple of my approach is uncovering the meaning that has been applied to past life events and their associated feelings while understanding how that meaning is playing out psychologically and emotionally in current life struggles. Uncovering these beliefs and shifting perception to create new meaning is integral to working through current challenges and paving the way for positive and sustainable growth.

My transpersonal foundation is based on  A Course in Miracles. The teachings of A Course in Miracles have been supported by such mainstream commentators as Oprah Winfrey, Deepak Chopra, Wayne Dyer & Marianne Williamson, and are also supported by countless “New Thought” churches, such as Centers for Spiritual Living & the Association of Unity Churches. Presently over 2 million volumes of the book, A Course in Miracles (also referred to as ACIM or the Course) have been published worldwide. Additionally, A Course in Miracles has been translated into nineteen different languages with many new translations underway.

As much as it is a metaphysical teaching manual, it is primarily based on healing the mind through practicing forgiveness and releasing meaning we have applied to the past. True liberation and freedom can be attained by re-aligning with our SELF and remembering who we are. Harnessing the REAL strength, peace and joy that we all have access to is integral for our evolution and ability to align with fulfillment and true purpose.

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Choosing the Right Limousine Service for your Event

Selecting the best limo company in Fayetteville NC could be an overwhelming duty. How do you select the best one with so many carts and firms to select from? Doing your homework is the key here.

Limousine Service

Here are several tips for choosing the right limousine service for your certain needs:

Look for reviews and References

There are a lot of review websites on the internet. The greatest way to know more about a limousine service is to hear from past clients. They could provide you an insight that is not biased to the service you could expect to find from the company.

Know their Number of Years in the Industry

Experience in business is essential. There are many nuances in organizing a ride that is successful. The greatest way to ensure that all smoothly runs is to rent a limo service with a lot of experience in transportation. Look for the experience of the staff if you find a new firm that appears to meet your requirements.

Examine their Fleet

There are a lot of selections for car types, stretch SUVs, Mercedes sprinters, shuttle buses, trolley that’s custom-built, stretch limos, and party buses. Five is the average size of fleet. Smaller limousine firms would clearly have fewer selections and less availability.

Check your Choices in Person

Take the time to see the car you are hiring if you are renting for a huge occasion such as prom or wedding. Nothing is more frustrating than getting picked up in a tired and worn party bus or an old limo. You may be able to acquire a great sense of the car from online photos. However, ensure that you verify that the vehicle you assume is the vehicle you receive.

Ask about Limousine Rental Cost

Clearly, one factor is the price. Limo firms often have layers of rates that they add on to your base fee. You would see gratuity for the driver, tolls, administration costs, and fuel surcharges. Unfortunately, you would end up with a bill that is 40% higher than your estimate. Ensure that your last price includes all fees.

Examine Referrals

Word-of-mouth, this is one of the greatest ways to look for a great limousine service. Ask a co-worker, relative, or a friend who they may have utilized and if they were satisfied with their service. A referral that is first-hand might be the greatest way to choose a limousine company.

Check for Safety

Though, it is not sexy, it is important. Check to ensure that the limousine firm has a valid certification. Are the carts DPU approved and DOT inspected? Are the drivers trained professionally? Do they have a liability insurance?

Prepare some cash if you like to make a reservation. In order to hold that rental, you should always provide a deposit. The limo firm requires your commitment or they would risk losing other rental chances for the car.

Typically, you could pay with credit card or cash.

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Heat Stress in dairy cattle

With an increase in herds than are housed or partially-house all-year-round there has been an increased awareness of the problems associated with heat stress in dairy cattle. High humidity and temperature levels in large buildings combined with poor air flow has been blamed for a 5-15% decrease in milk production and lowered conception rates, due to high cortisol (stress hormone) levels depressing intakes.

As with any chronic forms of stress, cows can experience metabolic changes which can result in stress-related illnesses and depressed immunity. This can lead to a lowering of the cow's defences against mastitis-causing pathogens. This, coupled with conditions in cattle housing that may favour the spread of bacteria can lead to an increase in clinical mastitis and raised Somatic Cell Counts.

The most visible symptoms of heat stress tend to be elevated breathing rates in a significant proportion of the herd. The first step in improving conditions for heat-stressed cows is to identify means of improving air flow and ventilation in buildings replacing doors with gates, or taking out alternate boards on spaced boarding are obvious suggestions. As a last resort, fans can be installed where other improvements cannot be made.

Drinking water supply is another essential area in which conditions can be improved for heat-stressed cows; water intakes can increase by up to 10-20% in hot weather, particularly in high-yielders, which are more prone to suffering the effects of heat stress. Overcrowding should be avoided and cows allowed larger than normal space requirements by reducing stocking densities in buildings, if possible.

It may also be wise to buffer feed cows either earlier in the morning or later in the evening when temperatures are lower. Rations should be balanced so that the ingredients most likely to degrade due to the heat are fed as efficiently as possible or replaced by other more suitable products. The mineral content of rations should also be reviewed so that the minerals lost in sweat in hot weather are replaced.

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Friday, April 4, 2014

How Human Beings Colonized the Five Continents?

In 1871, Charles Darwin in his book ‘The Descent of Man’ suggested that humans have evolved from the same African ape ancestors that gave rise to the gorilla and the chimpanzee. Although little fossil evidence existed at that time to support Darwin’s case, numerous fossil discoveries made since then strongly support his hypothesis. The first humans or how the human race evolved is a matter of some interesting phases.

The earliest primate with two distinct qualities – grasping the fingers and binocular vision, evolved around 65 million years ago giving rise first to prosimians and then to monkeys. Other mammals do have binocular vision but the combination of the above two provided the ground for an ease in adaptation with the environment.

The earliest primates split into two further categories around 40 million year – prosimians (before monkeys) and anthropoids. The prosimians were nocturnal generally feeding on fruits and plants. The anthropoids, or higher primates, include monkeys, apes, and humans. Anthropoids are almost all diurnal—that is, active during the day—feeding mainly on fruits and leaves. Evolution favoured many changes in eye design, including colour vision, that were adaptations to daytime foraging. An expanded brain governs the improved senses, with the braincase forming a larger portion of the head. Anthropoids, like the relatively few diurnal prosimians, live in groups with complex social interactions.

Prosimian - Grasping Fingers and Binocular Vision

About 30 million years ago, some anthropoids migrated to South America, where they evolved in isolation. Around 25 million years ago, anthropoids that remained in Africa split into two lineages: one gave rise to the Old World monkeys and one gave rise to the Hominids. Hominids include the apes and the hominids (humans and their direct ancestors). Apes exhibit the most adaptable behaviour of any mammal except human beings. Once widespread in Africa and Asia, apes are rare today, living in relatively small areas. No apes ever occurred in North or South America.

Apes, including our closest relatives, the chimpanzees, arose from an ancestor common to Old World monkeys. The first hominids were australopithecines, of which there were several different kinds. The ability to walk upright on two legs marks the beginning of hominid evolution. One can draw the hominid family tree in two very different ways, either lumping variants together or splitting them into separate species. There may have been several species of early Homo, with brains significantly larger than those of australopithecines. The first hominid species to leave Africa was the relatively large-brained Homo erectus, the longest lived species of Homo. Modern humans evolved within the last 600,000 years, our own species within the last 200,000 years. Our species is unique in evolving culturally. Language and cultural adaptations have made the level of advancements to the extent we living in. Differences in populations in skin colour reflect adaptation to different environments, rather than genetic differentiation among populations.

How Human Beings Spread Across the World?

1. African Cradle

2. Out of Africa
Genetic data show that a small group of modern humans left Africa for good 70,000 to 50,000 years ago and eventually replaced all earlier types of humans, such as Neanderthals. All non-Africans are the descendants of these travellers, who may have migrated around the top of the Red Sea or across its narrow southern opening.

3. The First Australians
Discoveries at two ancient sitesÑ artifacts from Malakunanja and fossils from Lake MungoÑ indicated that modern humans followed a coastal route along southern Asia and reached Australia nearly 50,000 years ago. Their descendants, Australian Aborigines, remained genetically isolated on that island continent until recently.

4. Early Europeans

5. Populating Asia
Around 40,000 years ago, humans pushed into Central Asia and arrived on the grassy steppes north of the Himalaya. At the same time, they travelled through Southeast Asia and China, eventually reaching Japan and Siberia. Genetic clues indicate that humans in northern Asia eventually migrated to the Americas.

6. In to the New World

Images from portalcienciapixdausluna and planet uwc


The Pee Dee River begins at the confluence of the Yadkin and Uwharrie rivers, which happens to be beneath the waters of Lake Tillery, and that begs the question: Is Lake Tillery part of the Yadkin system or Pee Dee system? How does the answer affect the daily creel and size limits anglers must obey?

"We're basically talking semantics," said Lawrence Dorsey, the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission's fisheries biologist for the area. "The Pee Dee system officially begins where the Uwharrie River joins the Yadkin River.... (but) although the whole reservoir system is called the Yadkin-Pee Dee system, several years ago, the Commission decided all reservoirs north of the Blewett Falls Dam (the impoundment downstream from Tillery) would have unified rules for all fish species," Dorsey said. "So the lakes north of the Blewett Falls Dam - including Tillery - have the same regulations, including for striped bass."

Those rules allow an angler to keep eight fish of at least 16 inches (in length), although two may be less than 16 inches.

For the short stretch of the Pee Dee south from Blewett Falls Dam to South Carolina, the regulation is three striped bass of at least 18 inches per day - regulations that match those on coastal rivers, according to Dorsey.


Apr 10, 2014

9 Most Common Myths about Happiness

It is often said that happiness is impossible without sticking to certain rules. All these beliefs exert influence upon our consciousness and make us a bit superstitious. Sure, you can try to stick to these happiness rules, but it’s difficult to figure out how they would make you feel happy. Here are a few common myths about happiness, read on…

1. Money makes you happy

It is undeniable that money can give you a short-term feeling of happiness that flies away very fast. We shouldn’t forget that money is not the key to happiness. If to think wider we realize that money cannot substitute family, friends or hobbies. No matter how rich you are, if you feel yourself miserable you are not happy. The only sign proving your happiness is a frank smile on your face.

2. Happiness in your head/mind

What is happiness? Does it really exist? Some people find happiness as a temporary emotion, while others treat it as a state of being. By the way, experts point out that happiness as a feeling is as powerful as a depression. It’s up to you what state of being prevails in your head.

Read also – 7 Things to Be Grateful for in Life

3. Don’t compromise

It turned out that people treat compromises as a kind of a loss and think that such barrier can lead to unhappiness, but others do not agree. Happy people are less irritable and often allow small compromises handle the situation. Remember that quarrels just kill the nerves. There is no doubt that your hard-edged character won’t make you feel happy.

4. Don’t be too happy

This myth is really a contradictory thing. It’s absolutely normal to express your emotions, smile, joke and share your positive mood with people around. There is no certain definition to it and no one knows what is to be happy. Frankly speaking, people don’t mind how happy you are.

5. Based on progress

Almost everyone admits that happiness is based on a goal. We often promise ourselves to become happy when we succeed in something. As a result, we feel miserable in a way until we reach the goal. Moreover, we can easily set ourselves for failure if we base happiness on achieving goals. It is proved that you will succeed faster if you feel yourself happy.

6. Happiness isn’t for everyone

I’m sure that happiness is for everyone. After an off-day, my friends try to relief me, explaining that happiness isn’t for everyone. Such a misconception usually puts me out of temper and makes me mull over different things. If we often face troubles it doesn’t mean we are losers. Think positive by all means and fortune will make your smile shine.

7. Kindness makes you happy

Certainly, doing good things and wonderful mood can make your day positive, but it often happens that our kindness can play a bad trick with us. If we care for others every minute, we lack time to work on our hobbies and share emotions with the people we love. Random acts of kindness can make us feel exhausted, but not happy at all.

8. Horoscopes

For the great majority of people, horoscopes and stars are of great importance. They can have a great influence on our mood imposing us certain positive or negative information about their success. As a result, it either ruins or improves the day of emotional and trustful people. Try to be happy in spite of everything.

9. Must be perfect

Many people believe that perfection is an irreplaceable part of happiness. There are moments when we think we don’t deserve to be happy, because we often make mistakes and sometimes fail. Basing your happiness on perfection is a quick way to feel despondent and lose hope to succeed in it. Just be yourself and don’t fear to make mistakes.

To my mind, every person deserves to be happy. There’s no need to base your happiness on different misconceptions, just let something wonderful ruin all barriers and find you! Do you believe in these myths about happiness?

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Sentence Examples with the word THIRD PERSON

And iii., interrupts the close connexion between those chapters, and should in any case stand after iii.: the use of the second for the third person in the remaining verses points to a different source.

A third person rode up circumspectly through the wood (it was plain that he had had a lesson) and stopped behind the count.

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In the present indicative and subjunctive many verbs in it takethe inchoative form already described, by lengthening the radical in the three persons of the singular and in the third person of the plural by means of the syllable esc (isc).

She wasn't about to live with the guilt of hurting yet a third person she cared about.

Two of the three daughters, Harriett Elizabeth and Jemima Charlotte, married brothers, Thomas and John Mozley; and Anne Mozley, a daughter of the latter, edited in 1892 Newman's Anglican Life and Correspondence, having been entrusted by him in 1885 with an autobiography written in the third person to form the basis of a narrative of the first thirty years of his life.


Organize BC

Organize BC began in 2013 out of a desire to help people be better organizers. That summer, a group of organizers from across BC started meeting for potlucks around kitchen tables, over beers on bar patios, in backyards, and in living rooms across the Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island. They were asking themselves some big questions: How can we be more effective? How can we support and train new organizers? And what would it look like to do this work together? Organize BC was born out of these conversations.

Collaboration across projects, organizations and regions has been one of Organize BC's core values since the beginning. We pool the progressive movement’s most valuable resources - our people's skills and knowledge - to run capacity building programs for people across BC: trainings, workshops, conferences and coaching programs.

For more information, visit our website:


Setting realistic goal weight ??

I have set my own goal weight (as sure most people do ) and have chosen a realistic one to achieve and maintain (hopefully :D).

I am 5ft 6" and am aiming to be around 10 stone. BMI 22.5 approx!. Which I think is do-able and if i am not stupid (as I can be) should be able to keep to around that.

Sometimes I see others goal weights and wonder if I am aiming too high ? as theirs are so much lower. :eek:

Deb x

Im not sure about setting a target for me that is going to be a lon way off. Im just taking it a silver 7 at a time. Ideally I was thinking 10 stone. Im 5 foot 3 so 10 stone 1 is the highest Im supposed to be but 10 stone will be such a huge difference from now!
I would say that the idea goal weight is just one that you are comfortable with. I don't really have an exact target weight because I don't how I'll feel as I get closer to it, but when I get there, when I can get dressed to go out and feel good, then I'll know I'm there - if I can feel happy with myself then I don't think I'll be too worried about what the scales say, they're only really an indication ;)
have goal but i think you should go on what your comfortable with in terms of your personal image like if your face starts looking gaunt and your neck like a xylophone i dont think you'de be too happy with that if you still had a way to go and your BMI was in the 'normal' range x
I totally agree with Marie & Opeyx

I think too many people set their targets and HAVE to be at a specific weight, and HAVE to stay at that weight. I think its far more important to be at a weight that youre happy with.

I have no idea what I want my final weight to be, itll depend how I feel and look. My doctor actually thinks the lower/mid range of my alleged healthy BMI would be unhealthy for me.

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HOWEY-IN-THE-HILLS, Fla. - The Methodist women's golf team maintained their lead after the third round of the 2011 NCAA Championships.

Methodist shot 328 in the third round for a three-day total of 966 (318-319-329) for a 12-stroke lead over Gustavus Adolphus College. The Gusties are in second with a 978 (322-333-323) while Illinois Wesleyan is in third at 991 (332-333-326).

Paige Caldwell held onto the individual lead after carding a 78 for a three-day total of 232 (77-76-79). Emily Jackson shot a team-low 77 for the day with four birdies to move into fifth place with a 241 (85-79-77). Gretchen McLean is tied for 14th with a 247 (81-82-84) and Andrea Daly is five strokes back with a 252 (77-86-89). Kelsie Carralero has a three-day total of 258 (83-82-93).


AC/DC guitarist Malcolm Young dies aged 64

AC/DC guitarist Malcolm Young
AC/DC guitarist Malcolm Young

AC/DC guitarist Malcolm Young has been hailed by his band as a "visionary" after his death at the age of 64.

Malcolm Young (left) was a guitarist in rock band AC/DC

A statement on the band's website said: "Today it is with deep heartfelt sadness that AC/DC has to announce the passing of Malcolm Young.

"As a guitarist, songwriter and visionary he was a perfectionist and a unique man.

"He took great pride in all that he endeavoured.

"His loyalty to the fans was unsurpassed."

"Malcolm, job well done."

Young was replaced by his nephew Stevie for the band's last tour promoting the 2014 album Rock Or Bust.

In a further statement on Facebook, the band said: "It is with deepest sorrow that we inform you of the death of Malcolm Young, beloved husband, father, grandfather and brother.

"Nothing less would do for their fans.

"The family have asked instead of flowers to send donations to The Salvation Army."


Browse Publications Technical Papers 2010-32-0089

Optical Measurement of Autoignition and Combustion Behavior in an HCCI Engine 2010-32-0089

In this study, optical measurements were made of the combustion chamber gas during operation of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine in order to obtain a better understanding of the ignition and combustion characteristics. The principal issues of HCCI engines are to control the ignition timing and to optimize the combustion state following ignition. Autoignition in HCCI engines is strongly influenced by the complex low-temperature oxidation reaction process, alternatively referred to as the cool flame reaction or negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region. Accordingly, a good understanding of this low-temperature oxidation reaction process is indispensable to ignition timing control.In the experiments, spectroscopic measurement methods were applied to investigate the reaction behavior in the process leading to autoignition. Two types of spectroscopic measurements were obtained: measurement of spontaneous light emission from the flame in the combustion chamber and measurement of light absorption. The former measurement facilitated detection of light emission from chemical species produced by the reactions; the latter method facilitated measurement of the production and consumption behavior of the chemical species even when no light emission occurred. Following ignition, combustion (hot flame) proceeds rapidly under a high load, giving rise to knocking and the production of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by the high-temperature gas. Engine operation under a low load is restricted by incomplete combustion and misfiring due to the lower temperature. Therefore, the characteristics of the hot flame following ignition were investigated by measuring the light emission spectrum of the flame and by visualizing the conditions in the cylinder.Using these methods, the light emission spectrum was measured during operation of the experimental HCCI engine. The results made clear the light emission spectrum of the hot flame following ignition was made clear. The main emission was found to be a continuous spectrum from 300 nm to 500 nm, presumably attributable to the recombination reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen atoms and known as CO-O glow. The results also revealed that the time of light emission in a wavelength region of approximately 300-500 nm, corresponding to the CO-O glow, coincided well with the time of heat release. This implies that spectroscopic measurement of light emission in the wavelength region corresponding to the CO-O glow can facilitate detection of local heat release in the cylinder.In-cylinder visualization was used to obtain two-dimensional flame images across the entire cylinder bore area in order to investigate the relationship between the local state of hot flame development and the rapidity of combustion. The results revealed that the time for the occurrence of autoignition showed little local difference under conditions conducive to rapid combustion; autoignition occurred almost simultaneously throughout the unburned region and the mixture burned all at once.

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Scientists assume that all the material in the Solar System formed at the same time.

dating meteorites age earth-84

At some point in the early history of Earth, a planetoid the size of Mars crashed into our planet.

The resulting collision sent debris into orbit that eventually became the Moon.

Plate tectonics constantly recycle portions of the Earth, blending it up and forever hiding the oldest regions of the planet.

But assuming that everything in the Solar System formed at the same time, meteorites in space have been unaffected by weathering and plate tectonics here on Earth.

Some materials decay quickly, while others can take millions or even billions of years to fully decay.

Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy, working at Mc Gill University, determined that half of any isotope of a radioactive element decays into another isotope at a set rate.

Unfortunately, they were all flawed for various reasons.

Radiometric Dating Provides an Accurate Method to Know the Age of the Earth In 1896, the French chemist A.

Older parts of the surface slide under newer plates to be recycled in the Earth’s core.


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Reasons Why Abuja Is Better Than Lagos

The capital of Nigeria - Abuja and Lagos State (former capital of Nigeria) are arguably the most beautiful and preferred states to live in once you're in Nigeria. But even as that, with a few points, you'll understand why Abuja is cooler to…


Abstract Artist

I work mostly in acrylics, sometimes mixed media, combining intuition, spontaneity and a sense of experimentation to create both subtle and complex surfaces of textures and colour.

The inspiration for my work is often mundane and overlooked but to me contains a wealth of visual information. Often these sources are found in peeling paint on driftwood, a lichen covered rock, rusty metal.

Through the process of texturing and paint layering, adding and subtracting, I endeavour to convey an emotion, a fleeting moment, the passage of time.

My paintings invite close examination - to focus and engage with their complexities, thereby creating a visual narrative with the observer.


Amendment 3 challenges state’s 72-year-old method of selecting judges to top courts

A question over how much power to give the Missouri governor in choosing judges for the state’s appellate and supreme courts faces voters Tuesday in Amendment 3.

At stake is the future of the so-called “Missouri Plan,” adopted in 1940 in an effort to remove politics from the process of selecting judges to the Missouri Court of Appeals and Supreme Court. Variations of the plan have since been adopted by dozens of states around the nation.

Under the current “Missouri Plan” a group called the Appellate Judicial Commission is charged with nominating three finalists for open posts to the appellate and supreme courts. The governor then selects a judge and assigns him or her to the position.

The Appellate Judicial Commission is comprised of seven voting members: one current member of the Missouri Supreme Court, three lawyers selected by the bar members from each of the state’s three appellate court divisions, and three non-lawyers selected by the governor.

A “yes” vote on 3 would scrap a majority of the method used to select members to the Appellate Judicial Commission.

Gone would be a current Supreme Court judge as a voting member, replaced by a retired judge as a non-voting member.

Four of the spots would be filled by the governor’s appointees, and the restriction those appointees must be non-lawyers would be removed.

The remaining three positions would continue to be filled by the members of the Missouri Bar.
Missourians for Fair and Impartial Courts Committee is the group leading the charge against Amendment 3. Spokesperson Jack Cardetti said Amendment 3 would return partisan politics to the selection process.

“For the first time ever, the governor would now control a majority of the nominating committee and then he would obviously also make the nomination,” Cardetti said. “Essentially, you would have a partisan politician who would control the picking of judges for the first time in 72 years in Missouri.”

Cardetti said the “Missouri Plan” puts a system of checks and balances in place so that no one group has control of the system. A Supreme Court judge brings working experience of what it takes to do the job, while the other six spots are split between lawyers and common citizens.
“[Amendment 3 would] introduce a heavy degree of politics into the system,” Cardetti said. “Missourians are sick and tired of partisan politics that invaded the other two branches of our government.”

Currently serving the Appellate Judicial Commission are Missouri Supreme Court Chief Justice Richard B. Teitelman, lawyers Thomas Burke (St. Louis, eastern district), John Wooddell (Springfield, southern district) and J.R. Hobbs (Kansas City, western district).

Hobbs is representing Arnold Stephen Barber in the appeal of his felony conviction on witness tampering charges.

Non-lawyers include Donald Ross (appointed by Gov. Matt Blunt), John Gentry (appointed by Gov. Blunt) and Cheryl Darrough (appointed by Gov. Jay Nixon).

James Harris, executive director of Better Courts for Missouri, is leading the group in favor of Amendment 3. He said the measure would “add transparency and accountability” to the process.

He said the “Missouri Plan” has been hijacked by special interest groups such as trial lawyers, who he says exert too much power in the process. He did acknowledge, however, that Amendment 3 would permit the governor to add lawyers to the commission, something the governor currently cannot do.

He also said ballot language written by Secretary of State Robin Carnahan is unfair, saying he would rather it have said the measure increases the number of judicial nominees (from three to four), removes a sitting judge from the commission in favor of a retired judge, and adds an individual appointed by the governor.

Cardetti disagreed with what those pushing Amendment 3 are seeking.

“Supporters of Amendment 3 don’t want transparency,” Cardetti argued. “They want special interests and politicians to have more control over the process.”

Polls indicate Amendment 3 is likely to be defeated, but Harris said that won’t stop his efforts.

“All options are on the table and we’re not going away. The need for reform is important,” he said.


OJDDA Policies

It is the policy of West Central Juvenile Detention Center that all individuals identified as meeting a qualifying offense pursuant to O.R.C. 2901.07, 2152.74, and/or H.B. 525 shall have a DNA sample collected at the order of the court. Individuals meeting this criteria who have previously had a DNA specimen collected by West Central Juvenile Detention or another agency pursuant to O.R.C. 2901.07, 2152.74, and/or H.B. 525 do not need to be collected again. The DNA buccal collection kits are to be treated as evidence. Seals must be intact when the kit is received and when the kit is mailed. The DNA database collection card must be accurate and legible; otherwise the DNA specimen may need to be recollected. The DNA collection procedure requires a minimum of two staff members. One person collects the sample and the other witnesses the sample collection. Reasonable force may be used to collect the DNA specimen if necessary. All uses of force will be videotaped ensuring that the process of collection is explained to the youth.

Definition: “DNA” means human deoxyribonucleic acid. “DNA specimen” includes human blood cells or physiological tissues or body fluids.

1. The individual’s information must be obtained from official records, NOT FROM THE YOUTH. The provided DNA database card or a computer-generated card is used to document the individual’s information. When errors are made on this form, simply put one strike through the incorrect information and write the correct information above or below and initial. The individual having their DNA specimen collected should not correct information on this form. If there is not enough room on the front of the card, the correct information may be written on the back of the card. Be sure to initial this information.

Using normal fingerprint procedures, roll the individual’s right thumb in the area provided. If the print is not clear, additional prints may be put on the back of the card. If the individual does not have a right thumb, another digit may be used. Simply write down which digit is being used. If the individual does not have any fingers, a toe may be used. Write down which toe is being used.

2. Remove the buccal DNA collector from the pouch. Write the individual’s name on the handle of the collector and remove the blue cap. SAVE the blue cap. Hold the buccal DNA collector with thumb on the area marked “thumb” on the back of the collector. Place the collector in the individual’s mouth. Be sure the collecting paper side is against the inside of the cheek. With the collecting paper pressed against the inside of the cheek, drag it firmly toward lips and out of the mouth. You should see the collector pressing against the cheek. To avoid damaging the collecting paper, ONLY drag the collector in ONE direction toward opening of the mouth and do not rub it back and forth against the cheek. Repeat this action seven more times; this may be done on one or both sides of the mouth. Replace the blue cap carefully covering the collection paper. To avoid sample contamination, DO NOT touch the collecting paper with your hand.

3. At a minimum, the collector and witness must sign and date the DNA database collection card. Place the Bode buccal collector in the transport pouch. Seal the zipper. Fold the flap along the “fold here” line. Peel off the white adhesive strip on the top flap to expose the permanent seal. Seal the flap above the zipper area. Sign and date the seal on the lines provided. There is a desiccant in the transport pouch. Do not remove or open the desiccant.

4. Place the DNA database collection card and the transport pouch in the white mailing envelope. Place the red evidence tape from the kit over the mailing envelope seal and sign and date the seal.

5. Drop the mailing envelope in the mail. The DNA specimen shall be forwarded to BCI no later than 15 days after the date of the collection of the DNA specimen, O.R.C. 2901.07 and 2152.74.

If after sealing the mailing envelope it is discovered that the Bode buccal collector or DNA database collection card are not in the envelope, reopen the envelope, make the necessary corrections, and seal the mailing envelope. On the outside of the mailing envelope, state why it was reopened, initial and date. Be sure to initial and date (half on and half off) the scotch tape.

6. If the youth fails to comply with sample procedures, the youth will be instructed that he/she is required to submit a DNA specimen to O.R.C. 2901.07 or 2152.74, given a direct order to do so, and informed that refusals are not permitted. If the individual continues to refuse, the individual is to be counseled by the appropriate staff. The individual is to be given a second direct order to submit a DNA specimen. If the individual still refuses, force will be utilized to collect the DNA specimen. The use of force is to be videotaped.
Ohio Juvenile Detention
Director's Association
Ohio Juvenile Detention
Director's Association


The Business Series

Business Series

Dual purpose

All you need

Leader's Guides are available for each of the Business Simulations and offer all the information you'll need to plan and facilitate a successful program. The guides include the recommended solutions and rationales, scoring instructions, program design options, and tips for discussing the skills and processes that contribute to effective team performance.

Interested in using a Business Series simulation?

Choose the Business Simulation that's right for you

The Situation

The Challenge

Project Planning Situation
Strengthen general planning proficiencies and competencies

Sample Participant Booklet

1 to 2 hours

Meeting Effectiveness Situation
Develop effective meeting management skills and practices

Sequence 20 action steps in the order they should be followed to maximize the effectiveness of the meeting.

1 to 2 hours

Customer Complaint Situation
Learn how to handle customer complaints efficiently and effectively

A customer approaches you with a complaint.

Sequence 18 action steps in the order they should be carried out to maximize service effectiveness.

1.5 to 2 hours

Envisioning a Culture for Quality
Create a culture that makes service quality and teamwork the norm

2 to 3 hours

Cultural Change Situation
Develop the knowledge needed to manage and change an organization's culture

You are a VP of a conglomerate that has just received Organizational Culture Inventory® (OCI®) and Organizational Effectiveness Inventory® (OEI) results for the company's various divisions and departments.

Using the OCI/OEI results, identify gaps between the organization's Current and Ideal Culture, the impact of different cultural norms on outcomes, and levers for changing the culture.

2 to 3 hours

Reveal underlying philosophies and assumptions regarding how to lead organizational transformation and change

5 to 8 hours