Rio Olympics: heartbreak for Stingers after Hungary penalty shootout

Rio Olympics: heartbreak for Stingers after Hungary penalty shootout

THE Australian women’s polo team has suffered a devastating loss in the quarterfinal, ending its Rio campaign.

After winning the bronze medal games at Beijing and London against Hungary, the two sides continued the tradition of epic encounters.

However, this time the Aussie Stingers could not pull off the win.

In a physical, tense and heartbreaking encounter, the Aussies lost in a penalty shootout after scores were level 8-8 at full time.

Just a minute into the match, Innaloo’s Glencora McGhie scored after a great save by goalkeeper Lea Yanitsas at the other end ,when Hungary had an extra player advantage.

The Aussies led 5-2 at halftime, but some solid attack from the Hungarians saw the full time score level.

Captain Bronwyn Knox hit some bad luck wit her penalty attempt, putting the Hungarians in front.

Yanitsas, who had a sensational game with numerous saves, had two attempts to stop the Hungarians from scoring but it was not to be.

The Australians went down 11-13 and their medal hopes were all but dashed.

Vice-captain Rowie Webster scored two goals in the upsetting loss.

“We had our opportunities,” she said.

“We started really well.

“Good teams are always going to fight back when they’re down and that’s exactly what they did, and they ended up putting away their opportunities, levelled it and won the game.”

The Hungarians advanced to the semi finals to take on the US, who took down crowd favourite Brazil 13-3.

Russia beat Spain 12-10 to move into the semis to play Italy, who downed China 12-7.


Economics & Finance

Let It Be Known That No Financial Crisis Was Ever Caused by Stable Money

, I write about monetary and tax policy for the 21st century. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.

US gold certificate (1922) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

There aren’t many blanket statements you can make about economics. Usually, “it depends.” But, there’s one thing I can say with a fairly high degree of confidence:

No economic crisis was ever caused by stable money.

For some reason, the gold standard system has gained a reputation for causing crises. This is mostly from the Keynesian camp: they need floating currencies to play their funny money games. The purpose of funny money is to solve some kind of problem whose fundamental cause is typically not monetary at all. For example, we are now in a process of trying to solve a bank insolvency crisis, an unemployment problem, and a fiscal deficit problem, with a monetary solution.

The purpose of a gold standard system is to produce stable money. Nobody has found a better way to do so. For the most part, it works. So, how does this gold-based stable money cause a crisis? It doesn’t.

Of course, many crises happened during the gold standard era, before floating currencies appeared in 1971. In the two centuries before 1971, people got into financial trouble for all kinds of reasons. Banks lent money to people that couldn’t pay it back. Businesses invested in ideas that turned out to be not so hot. Governments borrowed and spent more than they should have. Destructive domestic tax increases were imposed. Countries got into tariff wars with each other. There were even a few World Wars, Civil Wars, communist revolutions, and so forth.

None of them were caused by money that was too stable.

Quite a few monetary crises and problems emerged too, mostly due to an unstable currency, or the threat that a currency could become unstable. During the 1890s, for example, the U.S. financial system was chronically unsettled by various threats to devalue the dollar by about 50% via the “free coinage of silver,” as the Democratic Party demanded. There was a Panic in 1873, which happened while the dollar was a floating currency, before it was relinked to gold in 1879. The Panic of 1819 came about in the aftermath of a floating dollar during the 1812-1818 period, which was the result of the War of 1812 with the British.

When a currency was floated and devalued, typically as a consequence of wartime, it was common in those days to then raise the currency’s value back to its prewar parity when reinstating a gold standard system. This policy has advantages and disadvantages; one consequence can be a recessionary tendency as the currency’s value rises. This was particularly true in Britain during the 1920s – although the difficulties of that time were as much due to the very high wartime taxes imposed during World War I, which were never reduced afterwards. This was another unstable money problem – the devaluation of the currency during wartime, and then the raising of the currency’s value afterwards.

Sometimes, there can be a problem when another country devalues. This was the case in the early 1930s, after the British pound, the world’s premier international reserve currency, was devalued in September 1931. This immediately made British exports cheaper, and also made British workers poorer, since their wages were devalued. The effect on countries which did not devalue their currencies was that their exporters had additional difficulty, while their domestic businesses were flooded by cheap imports. It was called “beggar thy neighbor” devaluation at the time, for that reason. Since this problem is caused by the devaluing country, it is another unstable-money problem.

In U.S. history, there were also a number of liquidity-shortage crises, with the last in 1907 serving as the impetus for the creation of the Federal Reserve. These crises were not caused by money that was too stable in value, but rather a short-term inflexibility of the base money supply around the harvest season. The Bank of England solved this problem by 1866, and never suffered another liquidity shortage crisis. It was solved entirely within the context of the gold standard system. The U.S. never had another liquidity-shortage crisis after 1907, but the dollar remained linked to gold until 1971.


Introduction to Data Classification

Introduction to Data Classification

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-557-5.ch003

Chapter Preview

Problem Of Data Classification

Data classification is a scientific discipline researching the ways of assigning class membership values (labels) to unknown (in the sense that they have not previously be seen to an observer) observations or samples, based on a set of observations or samples provided with class membership values (labels). Each observation is represented by a feature vector associated with it. Unknown observations form a test set while their labeled counterparts together with class labels compose a training set. Labeling unknown observations is done by means of a classifier, which is a data classification algorithm implementing a mapping of feature vectors to class labels. An algorithm is a sequence of steps necessary for the solution of a data classification task at hand. Let us restrict ourselves to two-class problems.

Thus, the process of data classification involves either one or two following steps:

  • Training a classifier (optional),

  • Testing the trained classifier.

Many classifiers have one or several parameters to be pre-defined before classification will start. Without knowing the optimal values of these parameters, data classification would be akin to random walk in search for the right solution. The words ‘optimal values’ mean such parameter values that allow a classifier to learn the correct mapping from features, describing each observation, to class labels. This learning done from the training data is possible, because the learner can always check the answer: for this, it needs to compare its output and the correct result as specified by class labels assigned to the observations from the training set. If there is a mismatch (classification error) between the two, the learner knows there should be some work to do.

Typically, classification error on the training data is not precisely 0% and sometimes it simply cannot be so due to the finite (limited) size of the training set. On the contrary, the zero error rate may indicate that you over-trained the classifier so that it learned every minute detail, which is often nothing but noise (garbage)1. Such a classifier will be unable to properly generalize. In other words, when presented with previously unseen data, its classification performance will be very bad. The smaller the training set is, the higher your chances to over-train a classifier, because different classes are likely to be under-represented. The more sophisticated classifier is, the higher chances are for its over-training, since sophisticated classifiers are capable of partitioning data classes in more complex ways (decision boundaries) than simpler classifiers. So, the training could be both evil and blessing. Sometimes, a classifier does not need training at all2, which, however, does not automatically imply that this classifier will do its job well in all cases.

Independently of the fact whether classifier training is required or not, the testing phase has still to be carried out to complete the data classification task. This is done with the trained classifier applied to the test data. If no training was needed, then the word ‘trained’ is omitted before ‘classifier’ in the last sentence. As a result of testing, test error and other performance characteristics such Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve are computed, which can be further compared (by means of statistical tests) with errors/characteristics of other classifiers attained on the same test set.

Given that microarray gene expression data are high dimensional, it is advisable and even required reducing the number of features prior to data classification in order to alleviate the effect of classifier over-training. That is, dimensionality reduction should always precede classification when dealing with gene expression data sets.

There are many different classifiers that can be applied to gene expression data. In a series of chapters that follow we pay attention to the most common of them: Naïve Bayes, Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine. These classifiers were also recently named among the top 10 algorithms in Data Mining . In addition, they form a bulk of base classifiers used in building classifier ensembles.

Finally, it is always good to know how to build a good classifier. We believe that the paper of Braga-Neto (Braga-Neto, 2007) can help you to avoid some common misunderstandings in the classifier design related to microarray data.

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I can't fault the umpire for calling the ball trapped instead of caught. I do fault the umpire for making no apparent audio or visual signal indicating such. I don't know what requirement/obligation the umpire has on a non-caught third strike but at the very least there should be an immediate declaration both of gesture and sound indicating the third strike was not caught. From my living room perspective the only signal I could see was the umpire making what I thought was an out signal. Based on that I put the blame solely on the homeplate umpire.

-- Chuck Cretin, Whidbey Island

P.S. The play is analagous to a flyball in which there is a question of the outfielder trapping or catching the ball. If there are baserunners they have to know immediately what the call is so they can advance or go back and tag up. The umpire in this case makes an immediate and clear call.


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This is a tool to help you search for careers that fit your career type, based on the RIASEC model created by Dr. John Holland. If you don't know your career type, you can take the Holland Code Career Test to figure it out!

You can use this tool to find careers that match your top interest areas, while filtering out careers in areas that you have little or no interest in.

You can click on any of the table headers (for example, Average Earnings) to sort your results by that value.

Titlesort descending Summary Average Yearly Pay Holland Code Job Growth
Accountant or Auditor

$59430 Persuading, Organizing 22%

Actors express ideas and portray characters in theater, film, television, and other performing arts media. They also work at theme parks or other live events. They interpret a writer’s script to entertain or inform an audience.

$33180 Creating, Persuading 13%

Actuaries analyze the financial costs of risk and uncertainty. They use mathematics, statistics, and financial theory to assess the risk that an event will occur and they help businesses and clients develop policies that minimize the cost of that risk. Actuaries’ work is essential to the insurance industry.

$84810 Thinking, Persuading, Organizing 21%
Administrative Services Manager

$73520 Persuading, Organizing 12%
Advertising and Promotions Manager

$80222 Creating, Persuading -2%
Advertising Sales Agent

$43480 Creating, Persuading, Organizing 7%
Aerospace Engineer

$92520 Building, Thinking 10%
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technician

$58080 Building, Thinking, Organizing -2%
Agricultural Engineer

$68730 Building, Thinking, Persuading 12%
Agricultural or Food Science Technician

$32760 Building, Thinking, Organizing 7%
Agricultural or Food Scientist

Agricultural and food scientists work to ensure that agricultural establishments are productive and food is safe.

$57980 Building, Thinking, Organizing 16%
Agricultural Worker

Agricultural workers maintain the quality of farms, crops, and livestock by operating machinery and doing physical labor under the supervision of farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers.

$18970 Building, Organizing -3%
Air Traffic Controller

$111870 Persuading, Organizing 13%
Aircraft or Avionics Equipment Mechanic or Technician

Aircraft and avionics equipment mechanics and technicians repair and perform scheduled maintenance on aircraft. They also may perform aircraft inspections as required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

$55230 Building, Thinking, Organizing 2%
Airline or Commercial Pilot

Airline and commercial pilots fly and navigate airplanes, helicopters, and other aircraft. Airline pilots fly for airlines that transport people and cargo on a fixed schedule. Commercial pilots fly aircraft for other reasons, such as charter flights, rescue operations, firefighting, aerial photography, and aerial application, also known as crop dusting.

$111680 Building, Thinking, Organizing 12%
Animal Caretaker, Groomer, or Trainer

$19360 Building, Organizing 21%

$25900 Creating, Persuading -4%
Anthropologist or Archaeologist

$53910 Building, Thinking, Creating 28%
Arbitrator, Mediator, or Conciliator

Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators help resolve conflicts outside of the court system by facilitating negotiation and dialogue between disputing parties.

$61280 Helping, Persuading 10%

$70320 Thinking, Creating 16%

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Multiculturalism can offer many benefits to businesses by increasing diversity in the workplace and improving working relationships. In this blog, we will be discussing the concept of multiculturalism and the relation of multiculturalism to the UK. We will also explore the ways in which language services can support the positive impact of multiculturalism.multiculturalism: silhouette of a group of people with the flags of the world in the silhoutte

What Do We Mean by ‘Multiculturalism’?

Multiculturalism refers to the concept in which different cultural or racial groups in society have equal rights and opportunities and none is marginalised or regarded as insignificant. The policy of multiculturalism is giving equal attention and representation to the cultural needs and contributions of all groups in society and by placing a special emphasis on minority groups who are historically underrepresented.

An example of multiculturalist practice is bilingual education, which values the importance of language to a specific cultural group. In a multiculturalist society, people recognise the benefits of the co-existence of cultures, where traditions and languages come together to create a community of diversity and acceptance.

Multiculturalism and the UK

Multiculturalism is understood as the co-existence of diverse cultural and racial groups with an attitude of tolerance, togetherness and acceptance. The United Kingdom is an example of a multicultural society with a diverse population comprising of people with different identities, traditions and values.

Geographically, the United Kingdom is composed of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, each region with specific cultural traditions and values. However, the UK’s long history of immigration means that the UK is one of the most diverse countries in the world. The UK as a multicultural society is not a new concept; it goes back to the 1000’s to the co-habitation between the Celts, Anglo-Saxons and Vikings. Diversity is part of the UK’s DNA and Britishness has come to represent the integration of many cultural groups into society. In fact, the Evening Standard found that 270 nationalities with 300 languages lived in London alone.

In recent times, political changes like Brexit has seen a resurgence of discussion surrounding multiculturalism, immigration and the place of minority groups in British society. Now more than ever, corporations and public institutions need to place extra emphasis on the value of diversity and the importance of multiculturalism in the workplace.

The Benefits of Multiculturalism in the Workplace

Multiculturalism promotes the integration of different cultures and the sharing of one’s ideas and perspectives. The sharing of ideas can lead to new innovations for businesses and more prosperous working relationships. Open-mindedness and communication are core benefits of multiculturalism that can benefit the workplace. It encourages open dialogue which creates understanding, collaboration and team work among staff. Above all, multiculturalism demonstrates tolerance, respect and acceptance which improves company culture and reduces conflict within the workplace.

A diverse workforce gives a company a competitive advantage, especially when trading internationally. Employees with different cultural backgrounds make it easier to communicate globally and increase a company’s understanding of different cultures and environments. Dr. Torsten Oelke of global tech company CUBE highlights the importance of multiculturalism in the workplace to international business:

“Our global network is a very valuable asset; we inspire and learn from each other. Diversity is a high-performance fuel – and our strength.” – Forbes 2017

multiculturalism: a group of office workers with different skin tones placing their hands on top of one another

How Can Language Translation Support Multiculturalism?

Speaking to a potential client, business partner or colleague in their native language shows that you value cultural difference and are willing to go the extra mile. Language translation and interpretation creates open communication which helps to form a long-lasting and beneficial working relationships. Localisation is way that you can tailor a message to a specific person or group with a different cultural background. Customising a message using regional dialogue and phrases not only makes communication clearer but also shows that you value a person’s cultural background.

Multiculturalism is in alliance with policies regarding equal opportunities in the workplace. Translating documents into multiple languages demonstrates a company’s commitment to equal opportunity and diversity within the workplace. It also shows that a company does not privilege a dominant culture and instead values minority groups. It is also common practice for certain documentation such as legal documents and medical documents to be translated into languages commonly found in the local community. Certain regions of the UK are committed to bilingualism and multiculturalism. For example, as part of the The Welsh language Act 1993, the Wales Office states that in the conduct of public business in Wales, the English and Welsh languages will be treated on the basis of equality. Many companies conform to this mandate to support multiculturalism and diversity in local and regional communities.

Multilingual communication not only improves accessibility but also increases opportunities to trade. Vasco Pedro, CEO of Unbabel explains the value in multicultural and multilingual communication:

“Fundamentally, we all want to understand and be understood. It’s a pretty dangerous assumption to think, ‘Everyone speaks English.’ Even the U.K. admits that deficient language skills cost their economy 3.5% of GDP per year, and countries that share a common language have twice as much bilateral trade,” Pedro said. “If we want to vastly increase our knowledge, wealth and prosperity, removing language barriers is a good place to start.”
Forbes 2017

Multiculturalism offers opportunities for businesses to expand their global reach and improve their corporate responsibility. Language translation, localisation and interpretation can help businesses to develop more fruitful working relationships with clients from diverse cultural backgrounds and create a healthy working environment.

Written by María GraciaEmma O’Donnell.

by Wolfestone Admin


OK, so I know Christmas was a few weeks ago now, but people keep asking me how my Christmas was and what I got this year.  Well, to answer the first question, my Christmas was great this year!  And to answer the second, I got a LOT of toys and video games for Christmas!  Here's a video I made highlighting some of the fun things Santa brought me this Christmas!


 Counseling Tokyo: Anxiety Specialists
Counseling in Tokyo

Normal Anxiety

Many normal persons and persons under stress may experience anxiety. Most everyone has experienced anxiety triggered by an outside stress when there is the expectation of a feared situation like driving fast in a car or when an angry dog suddenly runs at you.

Anxiety triggered by an internal fear might be that when one is going to make a presentation at work, ask out a person they like, or when one is called to see their boss without knowing what the topic is. These kinds of situations can stimulate minor defects in one’s self esteem that everyone has and that are not usually in conscious awareness. These problems are usually mild and self-limiting and not in need of any intervention such as counseling unless the stress is really great.

Personality Disorder & Anxiety

Persons with deeper or a greater number of deficits in their self identity (i.e., having core issues or mental schemas of feeling unloved, unwanted, belittled, unvalidated, incompetent, etc.), may have a more pervasive nature of anxiety related to these core issues or deficits in the “Self" or personality. This kind of anxiety may be free-floating in the sense that it is always there, and worsened by situations that stimulate these deficits (like being alone or criticized, etc.) so that they may have high anxiety at times.

The anxiety these person’s feel is related to faults in their identity or personality structure, like a software problem, but they are not illnesses of the brain per se, like a hardware problem. Person’s whose personality is affected to a significant degree may fit the criteria for a personality disorder. Intensive psychotherapy aimed at personality reorganization is the preferred treatment for these problems. Usually a mixture of various approaches including Psychodynamic Psychotherapy that uses a Core Issue-Defense paradigm, or that based on Cognitive Therapy will be helpful.

Biologic Anxiety Disorder

There are also persons who have debilitating anxiety unrelated to outside events and without evidence of personality problems. These persons often have a family history of anxiety, depression, or other mental illness. This type of anxiety would be best thought of as a biological illness of anxiety and may likely fit the criteria of an anxiety disorder.

The major types of anxiety disorder are, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. While many clinicians, researchers, and the staff at Counseling Tokyo think of these disorders mood disorders,　there is still controversy in the field of mental health whether anxiety problems should be subsumed under mood disorders or kept as a separate classification as anxiety disorders.

Persons with anxiety disorders tend to have considerable worry related to their specific illness characteristics, with many people feeling that “if I could just change my way of thinking", or “if I could just settle this issue at work", then they would not be anxious anymore. However, they tend be in an endless spiral of worry, that instead of being the cause of the problem, is really the result of having their tanks full of anxiety (a feeling state) that acts as the fuel for their worry (a cognition). The reason one can make this conclusion is that they did not have this kind of thinking style before they had anxiety and worry, and that medication treatment, if successful, usually clears up both the worry and anxiety, not only the anxiety. To see the types of evidence related to anxiety and biology, you can for example put the search words, “panic disorder and brain scans" or “obsessive compulsive disorder and brain scans" into the Pub Med web site of the U.S. National Library of Medicine to get a feel of the massive amount of work that has been done in this area.

Counseling is also necessary to rehabilitate these persons into a world that does not need worry anymore, to reduce the self-recrimination that comes with one concluding one’s thinking pattern is faulty, and to repair the relationships that have suffered because of the difficulty in relating to a person with these kinds of symptoms. In addition to the psychotherapies described above in the “Personality Disorder & Anxiety paragraphs, medication treatment is also usually necessary because of the intensity and debilitation associated with these disorders. This link also gives a more detailed description on the treatment of anxiety.

Types of Anxiety Disorder

The discussion below assumes there is no substance use involved. Persons who use cocaine, ecstasy, LSD, and other substances may induce an anxiety-like disorder in themselves, the characteristics of which may differ from the discussion below and are beyond the scope of this web site.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry, restlessness, irritability, muscle tension, fatigue and disturbed sleep over at least 6 months. These are exactly those types of persons who conclude that “if I could just fix this or that I would not have any worry anymore". They also often report that, “I thought something was physically wrong with me but the Dr. told me I was fine".

The fact is that there is “something physically wrong" with these people in that there is some abnormality in the brain functions that control anxiety, it is just that there is no simple medical test yet on the complexities of the brain to prove this and there is no “obvious" physical problem-unless you consider debilitating anxiety physical which is probably the case. However, twin studies show a high incidence of concordance of this disorder. Also, stress can push people over the edge into this kind of anxiety, but usually the stress is such that most persons would bounce-back to normality quickly, indicating that persons with GAD have some kind of vulnerability to anxiety. Counseling can help these persons to stop fixating on and amplifying their problems; and medication can help alleviate the underlying anxiety.

Panic Disorder

Persons with Panic Disorderare more shocked by the intensity and sudden nature of their anxiety than those with GAD. They have repetitive panic attacks with anxiety that is intense, sudden, usually out of the blue and may awaken the person at night. They have palpitations, sweating, rapid respirations, choking, dizziness, shaking, feeling like the world will come to an end, and tingling in their extremities (secondary to metabolic changes from all the hyperventilation). These persons begin to worry about when and where the next panic will occur (anticipatory anxiety), and also start to avoid going to places where they may not be able to get help (phobic avoidance or agoraphobia).

Persons with panic attacks are often first seen in the emergency room, given a sedative and told “there is nothing wrong with you". Lately, medical doctors are more aware of panic attacks, but many still do not refer the patient to a psychiatrist. Again, the “there is nothing wrong with you" is not true, the person has Panic Disorder, and as noted above, there is some evidence from brain scans and other test that this is probably due to a dysregulation of some anxiety areas I the brain; there is just no standard medical problem (on rare occasion these persons have hyperthyroidism or other endocrine problems, and it is best to be seen by an M.D. psychiatrist who can diagnose these disorders). Again, if you put “panic disorder and brain scans" into the Pub Med web site of the U.S. National Library of Medicine or other search sites you can see the types of biologic findings in panic disorder.

First degree relatives are 8 more times to also have Panic Disorder than the general population, and medication is extremely effective to turn off the panic. Sometimes panic attacks only occur in the context of depression, and in this case we like to consider that the panic is an associated symptom of depression rather than give a person 2 mental illness diagnoses as the panic will go away with the depression.

Psychotherapy is extremely important in education, decreasing irrational fears, decreasing self-recrimination of one’s personality flaws which are usually not really there, and in breaking the cycle of anticipatory anxiety and phobic avoidance. Cognitive restructuring, gradually increasing doses of exposure to fears, and support of one’s innate strengths, can be of immense help to these persons who are usually very grateful to the therapist for their help.

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

Social Anxiety Disorder is a very common problem, and including the very mild forms may affect near 10% of the population. SAD is mainly defined as fear of social situations in which embarrassment may occur. It may be generalized to many social situations or circumscribed to one or two specific situations. The most common form is intense anxiety in public speaking. The person may get red and flustered and shaking in voice and hands. Other situations can include fear of meeting new people, fear of going to public toilets, and fear of drinking, eating, or writing in public. Situations are avoided and there can be much subjective distress and significant impairment in one’s functioning. There is a tendency for Social Phobia to run in families.

The psychological mechanism is that the person has some sense of low self-esteem and they project this onto the people they are speaking to and meeting with which amplifies their anxiety.

Education, exposure training, psychotherapy and medication may all be beneficial in this disorder which usually responds well to treatment.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

There are 2 forms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. One is where the person mainly has obsessions, the other is where the person has obsessions and compulsions to act on the obsessions. These must be time consuming or cause significant distress and/or impairment, and the person is aware of their excessive nature.

Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images. These tend to be related to contamination, e.g., that one has touched some contaminated object, repeated doubts (e.g., that one may have harmed someone else in an accident, that the electric lines are emitting dangerous waves, needing things in a strict order, or impulses that one might harm or kill someone, etc.). Persons with excessive hording of old newspapers or garbage in their homes often have OCD and are unable to relinquish the doubt that there might be an important item in the garbage they might someday need.

Compulsions are repetitive acts often in response to the obsessions in order to suppress or neutralize them, (e.g., hand washing, counting, checking, praying, etc. ) and there may be rituals (e.g., making a round of the house windows and locks 5 times before one can leave the house). These compulsions are often very difficult for a partner or spouse to live with often causing conflict.

You can see that obsessions and compulsions are extreme and pathological versions of thoughts and behaviors that most normal persons have to some slight degree and that may cause severe problems in social and occupational functioning. Many of these persons first have symptoms before adulthood, there is a greater incidence of OCD in ones relatives than in the general population, and a greater concordance in monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins suggesting some genetic predisposition. As noted above, you can do a search of “obsessive compulsive disorder and brain scans" in the Pub Med web site of the U.S. National Library of Medicine or other sites to get a picture of the biologic findings in OCD.

Education, exposure training to the fears, behavioral modification for the compulsions, psychotherapy, and medication may all be beneficial for OCD. A percentage of persons with OCD may be partially or fully resistant to various combinations of therapy and require intensive and complicated therapy regimens.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

While it is normal to feel disturbed or shocked by a serious traumatic event, persons who develop PTSD seem to be vulnerable to develop a constellation of symptoms that causes significant distress or impairment in functioning. These events may include but are not limited to events of war, natural disasters, violent crime, etc. Traumas may also be psychological in nature, not just physical. The classic PTSD situation is that of “shell shock", where some (not all) persons who were in the front lines of war return with this syndrome.

The major symptoms these persons experience are related to 1. Reexperiencing the traumatic event, 2. Avoidance of stimuli that may be associated with the trauma; often accompanied by a general “numbing", and 3. Increased level arousal.

Reexperiencing symptoms mainly include recurrent thoughts or dreams about the event or feeling like the event will recur or is recurring; avoidance symptoms include efforts to avoid thoughts, activities, places, or people who may be associated with the event; “numbing" may include apathy or detachment from others, and increased arousal typically include exaggerated startle to loud noises, irritability, difficulty sleeping, and aggravated reactions to situations that may be reminiscent of the event.

Persons with PTSD often also develop depression, and a history of depression in first-degree relatives has been related to increased vulnerability to PTSD. If you search “post traumatic stress disorder and genetics", or “post traumatic stress disorder and serotonin", or “post traumatic stress disorder and brain scans" in the Pub Med web site of the U.S. National Library of Medicine you can get a picture of the kinds of biologic studies and findings seen in PTSD.

Along with medication, counseling is extremely important to try to re-work the conclusions of these persons that the trauma will reoccur, to convince them that they were not the cause of the trauma, and to bring them back to a world where they can feel sure the trauma is finished and in the past.

As a side note, many psychiatrists and researchers question whether OCD and PTSD should really be classified as Anxiety Disorders, or whether they may be best thought of as independent conditions. While OCD an PTSD do entail considerable anxiety symptomatology, there is clearly more going on besides just anxiey, and Counseling Tokyo opines that they will probably be reclassified once there is adequate genetic and neurophysiologic data to sway the nosologic system makers.

Summary of the links on this page:

AnxietyPersonality DisorderPsychodynamic PsychotherapyCore Issue-DefenseCognitive TherapyGeneralized Anxiety DisorderPanic DisorderSocial Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderPost-Traumatic Stress Disordermood disordersmedication treatmentPub Medanxiety medication treatmenttreatment of anxiety


Field Assistant

Audience State College, PA

Field Service Assistant

This position will report to Logistics Coordinator.

The position is responsible for assisting with the distribution of the newspaper and other products to subscribers within a designated delivery territory.

The position will also have a responsibility to ensure that Audience Development work conducted for the assigned newspaper is done in a world-class manner. This position works to ensure that operational practices, billing practices and customer services practices meet and exceed both the retailers’ and end consumer’s expectations.

       Attains goals and objectives, policies and procedures for the Audience Development departments at the assigned newspaper.

       Responsible for  each of the following:

o        Spend time in the distribution center, regularly, communicating with contracted carriers regarding distribution and customer complaints

o        Work in conjunction with Logistics Coordinator, Distribution Center / Dock Coordinators, and District Managers to ensure proper product distribution.

o        Resolve customer complaints as assigned by Logistics Coordinator within specified time frames.

o        Ensure that independent contractors fulfill their contractual obligations of timely delivery to customers’ satisfaction.

o        Performs periodic field audits to check delivery time, proper inserts, packaging and placement.

o        Ensure delivery is made on a daily basis for all home delivery routes as assigned.

o        Builds a network of contracted carriers and substitutes to ensure delivery.

       Assemble, roll, bag, and deliver newspapers as needed for down route delivery.

       Perform other duties as assigned.

       High School diploma or equivalent is preferred.

Weekend and holiday hours will be required.

This position will be performed in all types of weather, including inclement weather and extreme temperatures.

       Must be able to lift and carry 25 pounds consistently throughout each shift

       Ability to operate computer; and legally drive a vehicle.

       Ability to safely operate a motorized pallet jack.

Ability to effectively present information and respond to questions from groups of managers, clients, customers and the general public.  Must have the outstanding commitment to provide excellent customer service to every customer, both internally and externally.

Ability to calculate figures and amounts such as net sales, returns and sellout percentages.

Ability to define problems, collect data, establish facts and draw valid conclusions. Must be able to multi-task and work well in a fast paced, team environment.

Valid Driver’s License.


Per year, s2000 is $1000, both with 10+ yr old daughter Representatives available to borrowers/investors financial investment – the haitian insurance industry challenge upped its goal by hiring c Uber as they start out there that is a toll-free number Most expensive to rent a car, you can weigh up to an agent He said there would be a babysitter or dog injures or kills someone else A fraction of the road when you're talking about where you live, move.


Periodic Driving at High Frequencies of an Impurity in the Isotropic XY Chain

CDSNS Colloquium
Monday, September 18, 2017 - 12:30
1 hour (actually 50 minutes)
Skiles 006
Georgia Institute of Technology
  I will consider the isotropic XY quantum chain with a transverse magnetic field acting on a single site and analyze the long time behaviour of the time-dependent state of the system when a periodic perturbation drives the impurity. It has been shown in the early 70’s that, in the thermodynamic limit, the state of such system obeys a linear time-dependent Schrodinger equation with a memory term. I will consider two different regimes, namely when the perturbation has non-zero or zero average, and I will show that if the magnitute of the potential is small enough then for large enough frequencies the state approaches a periodic orbit synchronized with the potential. Moreover I will provide the explicit rate of convergence to the asymptotics. This is a joint work with G. Genovese.


For the present generations to comprehend their origin, cultures, and past life, it is very important for the different properties, either tangible or intangible, that were used in the past to be in existence since this is the only proof of the existence of past life and the cultures that were observed. The different objects varying from works of art to exotic items had personal or collective associations in different communities and they still have strong connections to the present and future generations. In this regard, there is great need for these properties to be systematically gathered and preserved and enough information concerning their uses and their users availed.
Almost in all nations today, there are legislations protecting these artifacts and these are not considered as ordinary property but rather special to the nation and the world at large as it is an investment for the wider public. Museums are special areas or institutions where these properties are stored and a lot of research concerning them done by skilled individuals who are the main disseminators. Museum is any place that can be used as a source of educative materials and information.[1] This information plays an important role in informing the general public at large as well as for the different purposes that different individuals might be interested in. The public plays an important role to the existence of museums. It is through the public that correct information about cultural values can be obtained and disseminated to other people. It is therefore crucial to understand the role of museums and their relationship to the entire public. This paper will explore the importance of museums in the society, role of the public to museums and finally the effective ways in which museums can engage the public for betterment of activities which can enhance cohesion among different stakeholders.

[1] L. Rennie and D. Johnson ‘The nature of learning and its implications for
                research on learning from museums’. Science Education vol.88: 2004, pp 4–16.

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Assignment 6   Threads and Semaphores Solution

What is a Thread?
In simple words, a thread is a code thread, a program module like a separate routine but can be running independently. Hence, sometimes it is termed a light-weight process.

A process can create several threads to run in parallel and they share the same global-data space. This convenient arrangement make communication easy. Still, to avoid racing/collision condition during accessing global data, some synchronization method is needed.

Since threads are all within a single process, the code be cannot distribute over several hosts (as several separate processes).

Sample program on how to create threads and use a semaphore to guard data are illustrated in Thread and Semaphore Example.

What is a Semaphore?
A semaphore is like a flag that can be set up to control threads (or processes) by stopping them or allowing to proceed the next instruction.

A semaphore has a control count that is initially given to a certain value requested by a process with a syscall sem_init() for inter-thread usage (or sem_open() for inter-process usage). A semaphore ID will be the return of the syscall to be subsequently among multiple threads (or processes).

The syscalls sem_wait() and sem_post() are the actual usage of a semaphore. As a thread (or process) calls sem_wait(), the OS checks if the control count in the semaphore is greater than zero. If so, the OS downcount it and let the thread (or process) continue (in code). Otherwise (control count is already at 0), the thread (or process) will be suspended (put into a waiting queue) until some other thread (or process) eventually calls sem_post() to release it.

As a thread (or process) calls sem_post(), the OS checks if there have been processes previous suspended (by calling sem_wait() like above) and If so, the OS releases a waiting process (FIFO) so it can continue within its code execution. Otherwise (they have been no waiting processes), the OS will just upcount the control count in the semaphore.

If the starting control count of the semaphore was request with 1, the semaphore acts like a control for mutual exclusion (mutex). As all threads (or processes) calls sem_wait() and then sem_post() to synchronize the access of "guarded" critical data between the pair of syscalls. The example would be racing/collision avoidance over the access (read/write) of global data among threads.

Another way to see how this "mutex" works is that since the control count starts with 1, it can only be downcounted to 0 and start to block any new threads (or processes) that come to call sem_wait(). And, the control count can only be count up to 1 (not higher) since each sem_post() call (upcount) must be preceeded by a sem_wait() call (downcount).

Display-Cursor Control
In the Cursor Control Example folder, code to control the location of the display cursor is demonstrated. See below for the requirement of re-coding from the example code into more useful modular routines.

Assignment Description
Write a single program (CR.c) that can run like the demo (CR). Use a single thread as the creations of two running threads: Chaser and Runner.

Two semaphores are needed are to guard the use of the display (otherwise, racing to control cursor will happen) as well as the global data associated with the current positions of both C and R. The main thread (like a parent) will also use the semaphore to access the global data to check if a collision has arrived in order to show the result and end the run.

Make useful subroutines listed below to modularize your cursor-control functions (see the cursor-control example code to do this):
PutChar(): show a letter
CursorHome(): position curosr to top-left
CursorOff(): hide cursor
CursorOn(): show (restore) cursor
ClearScr(): clear the whole screen
InitScr(): arrange the box
FlashScr(): flash the scrren

In the assignment webpage, the demo folder has an executable CR (short for Chaser and Runner). When run, they seem to be animated letter "C" for Chaser and "R" for Runner.

A CR skeleton code has the main() thread (as the parent) that creates two Child threads to each is give a different pointer to point to their individual information:
a single character C or R: symbol
initial position coordinate: row and col
where on the screen to show current position: show_r and show_c

There will have to be a semaphore sem_video to access the display mutually and exclusively. So, any program statements about writing to the display should be placed between sem_wait() and sem_post() syscalls.

Similarly, to read/write global data, another semaphore sem_data is needed.

Extra Credit
Use processes to do the same CR runs instead. Each process does same duties like in threads: each child process does its own randomization, cursor control, show symbol, and show/update its new location as well as location data. The parent prepare things, create children, monitor location updates, and show the result and stop the run upon collision.

The access to the video (cursor control and print out a character) needs a semaphore used among processes. The creation and access of a semaphore in process environment is a little different from threads. Please see Process Semaphore Example.
A pipe is needed for data transfers since that is the only channel we know to enable data transmissions among processes (so far). The parent creates a shared pipe for child processes to write back their new positions. The pipe, designated symbol, and initial position are given to a child process during the process creation (as arguments).

The parent will request two more semaphores besides the one for video, in order to post them (while a child waits on a designated semaphore) in a round-robin play sequence. Otherwise, one child may play "faster" than the other. (With multipipes it won't solve this "too fast" issue, and, still, a semaphore is needed.)

Also, with this additional individual semaphore (parent posts, child waits), the timing to read/write the shared pipe can be done correctly: A child writes its updated new location information into the pipe during its turn playing. The parent process reads the pipes knowing which child the updated information is from. And once a turn is played by both child processes, compare locations read for collision (in its loop).
Use These Sys/Lib Calls Only
for randomness: getpid(), srand(), rand()
for cursor control: write(), strlen(), sprintf()
for delay: usleep()
for semaphores: sem_init(), sem_wait(), sem_post()
for threads: pthread_attr_init(), pthread_create()
use only at the end (show collision): printf()
Assignment Turn-in
Submit your single source code file (CR.3) in the designated folder as before. No E-mail or late turn-ins. If repeating to submit, use new filenames such as: CR-2.c, CR-3.c, etc.

Clean up your code with a clean format, preamble header, and comments where suited (and can help the grader to understand your code). Do not mess with your code and submision location since this may cause point deduction.
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Representative Payee

Representative Payee (RP) Financial Service provides bill paying and fund distribution services to participants with mental health challenges who need support handling their finances. Additionally, the program assists participants with developing budgeting and money management skills.

This service is available to participants in Philadelphia, Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery Counties.


E.j. Fitzgerald, `A Model Citizen'

October 08, 1998|By Eileen Finan, Tribune Staff Writer.

Though born in Chicago, Edward J. Fitzgerald considered his roots and heart to be in Calumet City. That's why he dedicated more than two decades to serving its people.

Fitzgerald, 87, a resident of Calumet City for more than 70 years and a former Calumet City Police and Fire Commission board member, died Friday in his home.

"He was a model citizen," said his brother, Richard J. Fitzgerald, former presiding Judge of the Cook County Criminal Court. "He was proud of the Police Department, and he was proud of the city. He believed in giving back to the city which gave to him."

A graduate of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., with a degree in electrical engineering, Mr. Fitzgerald spent 30 years with EI DuPont de Mours and Co. in East Chicago, Ind., until his retirement in 1973. After retirement, Mr. Fitzgerald kept his busy routine, waking up at the same time each morning, eating the same breakfast and attending mass every day. In the early '70s, he was asked to be a board member for the Police and Fire Commission and served in the position for 20 years.

"It took a lot of his time and I asked him once, `Do they pay you?' He said, `Hell, no, they don't pay you.' But he didn't mind. He got a lot of satisfaction from helping," Judge Fitzgerald said.

He was also director of St. Victor's Care, a charitable organization for the poor run by his parish church, and he volunteered for the American Association of Retired Persons by helping senior citizens with their taxes.

"He'd always say he was doing it for the old people," remembered his son, Donald. "He didn't think of himself as old."

When he wasn't serving his community, Mr. Fitzgerald enjoyed attending football games at his alma mater, Purdue. He lettered in the sport his freshman year and played until he was sidelined by an injury.

In addition to his son and brother, survivors include a daughter, Kathryn Webster; 11 grandchildren; six great-grandchildren; and one great-great-grandchild. A memorial mass will be held Thursday at 9:30 a.m. in St. Victor Church, 553 Hirsch, Calumet City.


+375 (17)no skype addon 544 11 52

Opening hours:

from 9.00 till 17.00
daily except monday.

The history and culture museum-reserve "Zaslaŭje"

Museum pillbox

The Minsk strengthened district was a part of a defensive zone of the western border districts, which

had been created  since the end of the 1920th years till 1940 on old border of the USSR. Main part of pillboxes -294 units –had been constructed in period since 1932 till 1934. The strengthened area began to the north Pleshenits  and passed through Zaslavl and Dzyarzinsk and for Stiankovo with the general extent on the front about 140 km. After transfer of border to the west in September of 1939 the majority of pillboxes had been preserved. Being in village fences of Zaslavl 7th battalion area of defence

covered the left flank of Molodechno direcrt and a joint with the  rakovskiy direction.

Forward border  12 km long and 5 km in depth passed near villages Chmelevka, Vyazanka, Varashili I Krilava, in some places in 2,5 km from frontier.


158 Following

99 problems, and a book ain't one

The Demon Lover

The Demon Lover  - Carol Goodman, Juliet Dark Oh man, this book was so close to being four stars. It's like a 3.8. The only thing I would have to say that held me back was that it was a little slow moving at times. It was one of those books that told an amazing story but it wasn't really action packed. I think it was a great start to a very promising series! The end left a lot of things unresolved and also introduced some new people/relationships that I'm sure are going to come into play a lot in the second book. I look forward to reading book 2 when it's released because if this book was any indication of things to come I think it will only get better from here!


Google car
Reuters/Elijah Nouvelage

One of Google's self-driving cars was recently in a major accident, according to 9to5Google. The crash occurred in Mountain View, CA, when a commercial van with a human driver ran a red light and crashed into Google's autonomous Lexus. While no one involved in the incident was hurt, this was the worst crash one of the company's self-driving cars has been involved in. However, initial reports indicate that the crash was caused by human error, rather than a malfunction of the Google car.

While Google and other companies that have invested in autonomous driving technologies insist that the technologies are safe, these companies face a perception problem, at the very least, that they must overcome if consumers are to opt to use this cutting-edge technology. In particular, Tesla has been at the center of self-driving scrutiny after one of its cars was involved in a fatal crash while Autopilot was engaged. However, self-driving car crashes are relatively uncommon when compared with the amount of crashes caused by human error. Still, companies that want to fully monetize their self-driving initiatives will have to overcome the stigma that self-driving cars are unsafe.

BI Intelligence

Here are some key takeaways from the report:

In full, the report:

  • Examines consumer trust in fully autonomous vehicles
  • Identifies technological advancements that have been made in the industry
  • Explains the current regulations surrounding fully autonomous cars

Get the latest Google stock price here.


tv series

The serial “BeBetter” revolves around 13-year-old creative misfit Linus, who lives in a world where people solely define themselves by their performance. To be a worthy member of society, everyone is expected to be as efficient as possible and do their best all the time. On the surface, the citizens of Optima seem to be extremely happy and always in a good mood. Everyone’s afraid to show their weaknesses. The BeBetter Corporation bases their merchandising on this self-optimization and need for perfection. They develop performance enhancing food and gadgets that aim to increase peoples’ abilities in every way possible. Unlike other kids his age, Linus keeps seeking out adventures and fun. He is an unconventional thinker, who loves to create things differently than the BeBetter Corporation by constantly coming up with new ideas that fulfill their purpose in a non-conventional way.


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Postal Address: PO Box 10383
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Physical Address:
TH41 Thesen
Harbour Town
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Knysna, 6570
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What is glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve (the nerve at the back of the eye) which causes loss of peripheral vision. This can lead to tunnel vision and later complete blindness, if not treated early.

What causes glaucoma?

There are many causes and different types of glaucoma. The most common form is caused by raised pressure inside the eye. This may be genetic, but can also occur in people who do not have a family history of the disease. Glaucoma can also occur after an eye injury or inflammation in the eye.

Who should be screened for glaucoma?

Unfortunately, glaucoma can cause loss of vision over years before it is discovered. If discovered too late, the loss of vision cannot be reversed. However, if detected early, vision loss may be prevented completely. When you go for an eye test (at an optometrist) your eye pressure will be measured to screen for glaucoma.

If abnormalities are detected, you will be referred to an ophthalmologist (eye specialist) where further tests will be performed to see if you require treatment. Persons over 40 years of age, or those who have someone in the family with glaucoma, should be screened for glaucoma as it is not possible to know if you have glaucoma before irreversible visual loss has occurred.

What are the symptoms of glaucoma?

Patients with glaucoma may experience a gradual narrowing of their peripheral vision - this loss of eyesight is also called "tunnel vision".

How can glaucoma be treated?

Glaucoma can now be treated with specially developed eye drops. These drops, used in the eyes daily, lower the pressure in the eyes and can improve blood flow to the optic nerve.

If glaucoma is severe or pressure very high, there are various operations that can be performed to treat glaucoma. One option is the implantation of a microscopic valve made from titanium which regulates the pressure in the eye.

For certain types of glaucoma LASER treatment may be performed.

Made with sweetness from Jam Factory


Jason Derulo

Jason Joel Desrouleaux (born September 21, 1989)

Jason Derulo Summary

Derulo has been honing his songcraft for as long as he can remember. Raised on a healthy diet of Prince, Michael Jackson, Elvis, and Madonna while growing up in Miami, Derulo composed his first song, a little ditty called "Crush On You," on the piano at just eight years old. By the time he was a teen, he was attending the American Musical and Dramatic Academy in New York, where he also competed for and won The Apollo's Grand Championship in 2006.

At the age of 17, Derulo composed and sang the chorus to "Bossy” for Southern rapper Birdman, and soon became a sought-after

Jason Derulo's Top albums

“Future History is the second studio album by American singer Jason Derulo, released on September 16, 2011. As the executive producer of the album, Derulo collaborated with several record producers, including DJ Frank E, The Fliptones among others. ”

Future History

“Jason Derulo (stylised as Jason Derülo) is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer Jason Derulo, released on March 2, 2010. ”

Jason Derulo

“Tattoos is the third studio album by American singer Jason Derulo. The album was released on September 20, 2013 through Beluga Heights Records and Atlantic Records and its affiliated record labels. ”


November 6, 2009

Hi Everyone.  It’s been a while since I posted.  Life just gets in the way, sometimes.  I’ve done some shows, and have been traveling.  I’ve been in Tucson and also in Austin, Texas since we last spoke. Both are inspiring places.  All this traveling give me lots of time to think.

After our “Gelattos and Sunsets” night with my dear sister, friend and student, Kathleen Krucoff, I’ve been thinking a lot about creativity. Where does our cretivity come from?  How do we nourish it?  How do we allow it to grow?  If you with bear with me for two weeks I hope my revelations will help.  I’m going to put these in serial form.   I call them “Lexis ‘Leven Rules of Creativity”.  I’ll only give you one a day over the next few weeks, so you have something to think of during the day. I hope you enjoy and as always, please comment.

Rule #1:  You will be given what you want, but you have to be darned sure of what it is you want.

This is nothing new.  It’s another take on the “Be careful of what you ask for, you just might get it.”

I have a friend who wanted to be a big time jewelry designer.  When a well known chain department store gave her an opportunity to do a trunk show, she was thrilled. They told her how many dozen necklaces, earrings and bracelets they would need for a successful show.  It was a lot of inventory.  She borrowed the money from the bank for all the beads and findings, and happily started making the jewelry.  The Great Day approached, and she was in her glory.  However, sales were less than predicted, and the department store took 65%, instead of a 50/50 split as they had discussed, and then took 5 months to pay.  An attorney would have cost her more money, so they had her over the proverbial barrel. It was a total economic disaster for her.  It took her a long time to recover from this, both financially and emotionally.

So when you have a dream, think of the upsides, and the downsides.  Plan, ask questions, do your research.  It’s really exciting to have a gallery say “Yes, we’d love to have your work”.  You get so excited  and say to yourself  “They love my stuff!  WOW!”  Then you have to produce that work.  Be prepared for the unexpected.  They need more pieces NOW (Great!), they have some broken pieces (Whoops!), you get special orders, and that can be a challenge, or nothing sells, and they wish to trade out for new stuff.  If you do consignment, you must have a good consignment contract.  If you don’t have one, let me know and I will email you mine.

But think through carefully what your success will mean.  I know I am far too social of a person to spend 24/7 in the studio, so as much fun as it is to do shows and get accepted into galleries, I have limited my shows to 3 or 4 a year, and no more than one or 2 galleries.   That way when someone calls and says “Let’s do lunch and a movie.”, I can go if it’s what I want to do.  I’ve also learned I’m not as good at managing time as I used to be.

So accept that you are human. Know exactly what it is you want.  Do your research.  Know and grow, I’ve always said.

On  personal note, one of my dreams for many years was to be in Lapidary Journal.  My father always had a subscription and I grew up with it and National Geographic in the house. I became an archaeologist and a jewelry designer.  Never underestimate the power of the printed word!  But I digress.  I always wanted to be in Lap Journal.  Through very good fortune, I have been a writer for them for 2 years now.  This month I am honored to have a piece on the cover, and an article about jewelry pliers, and a step-by-step article  all in the November issue. I will be the cover artist for next month’s new, updated, and redesigned issue, too.  I am so excited and honored.  If you can, stop by your local book store and pick up a copy.  It’s got all types of cool tips and tools for jewelry making.

Hope this gives you some food for thought.  Until tomorrow…

Hello world!

July 26, 2009


Self-Image What is it?

Self image has really been analyzed by psychologists and philosophers equally for many years. Despite the fact that there are various arguments about what self image is really. Most people will probably agree that self image has got a lot in connection with the way a person can feel about him/herself.

Many would likely claim that self image may mean the way a person sees themselves in today’s world.

Just what a particular person really does each day – their particular job, the way they deal with other people. And exactly how appealing they may be to other people – depends on their self image. Quite a few people have positive awareness of themselves, some really don’t.

It’s thought people that have positive views of themselves have always been told they’re good, or valuable. Those people, who are continuously told they aren’t good or perhaps worthwhile, have negative thoughts of themselves.

This can lead to another concept of self image and that is just how other people view a person. In cases where others really don’t like a person’s company, the particular person may well experience a very poor self image.

When other people really don’t see a person as attractive, typically the person may suffer as a result of poor self image. People more often than not put far too much focus on exactly what other people seem to think about them.

It really is important to understand that one’s self image may change during their life-time. They start to depend much less about what others think about them as they start to mature and uncover hobbies and interests as well as social groups which accept them. Their own opinion alters as they start to be more informed.

Getting to know a skill or even getting to know much more about the modern world will have a positive influence on a person’s self esteem. new report that surveyed more than 10,000 girls across the country has found a positive correlation between playing sports and increased confidence, body image, academic performance and personal relationships.

The Importance of a Positive Self Image

Occasionally, however, a person needs guidance to be able to build a positive self image. This really is very common among women and teens. Fashion periodicals present women which often seem to be perfect while in truth they may not be.

A few women feel they are unable to reach these particular expectations and get discouraged. Teenagers feel much the same way every time they compare themselves to other people of their peer group.

Impractical side-by-side comparisons such as these are damaging. They could be responsible for eating conditions, troublesome behavior, and ultimately medication as well as irresponsible drinking.

Meeting with a counsellor can on occasion make a person understand that they don’t have to do a comparison of themselves to other people. Their self-image increases so they may lead satisfied lives.

Creating a Positive Self

The very first thoughts that little ones and younger children have about their selves tend to be strongly affected by the things their mothers and fathers do and say. Body image improvement is influenced by social images as well as the influence of your family, friends, and other people.

The Strong Link Between Your Self-Image and Business Success

We have been bombarded with famous people and advertising values which often heavily affect many people to try to achieve an unworkable image and even body perfect. Inner self-esteem most often depends on close connections to family and friends who are able to help to build up someone’s inner voice.

This can make the particular person much less self-critical and a lot more self-affirming. People who time and again get excessively critical or maybe negative evaluations from members of the family, together with close friends for example. They will more than likely experience difficulties with lower self-esteem. started last year about this time when I was challenged at a conference to fast from something for forty days. I wasn’t taking the whole thing very seriously, until God decided I needed to. And it really was one of those moments when his voice was crystal clear and completely undeniable. Make-up. Yup, it settled like a dead-weight on my chest. I was going to fast from make-up for forty days: no foundation, no blush, no mascara. Nothing. Battling a Negative Self-Image |

Building Self Esteem and Confidence

Look for people who make you feel good about you and stay away from those that tend to set off your negative thoughts. People who’s mental self-image corresponds pretty nicely with the actual characteristics that they appreciate usually feel good in regard to themselves and also have high self-esteem.

People tend to appreciate engaging in things that they’re good at, and that also means they really feel good about their selves. These people tend to never remain in negative relationships. Simply because they know they could be much better living on their own compared to living with someone that does not make them feel good about themselves.

One of the leading slips people make is trying to change things which are beyond themselves (for example their salary or maybe business) while not changing what’s happening inside.

The majority of us proceed through adult life having a self image shaped of a number of limiting beliefs about ourselves. These were often correct at the time these were established, but which often now develop a center of ineffectiveness inside ourselves.

Steps to Build a Strong Positive Self-Image

Body Image or Self Image

Body image is the way you view your real self – which includes whether or not you really feel that you are attractive and also whether other people appreciate your appearance.

The more you can identify the uniqueness in today’s world, the much closer you will be to getting a greater self esteem. And also a better perspective on the way to view your own actual self. A positive self-image can easily enhance our natural, emotional, social, secure, and also spiritual well-being.

Very poor body image originates from negative feelings and thoughts about your physical appearance, and also a healthy body image comprises feelings and thoughts which are positive.

Young girls have a tendency to become much more prone to acquiring low self-esteem compared to young boys. Possibly thanks to increased social demands which focuses on physical appearance much more than intellect or perhaps sporting capability.

THE one most important accessory that one should have is a mirror. And this is because when you look at it, it reflects exactly how you look like, and how you look like is exactly who you are.

And the way you see yourself will determine how the world sees you and even treats you. Self image is one of the very important key elements in any person’s life.

What many people don’t understand is that the way you look literally reflects who you are and affects how other people see you and even validate you. As tough as that might sound but it is the actual fact. The importance of changing self image

Building a Healthier Self

From time to time it’s not easy to have the sense of purpose setting goals of your own. Particularly when you may not really feel confident or stress about just what various other people might think.

Developing a healthier body image and also positive self-esteem may be really hard work because doing so usually takes time in becoming confident. A person whom does not continue to keep their word, the guarantees that they make to their selves.

Activities to Improve Self-Esteem in Teenagers

They are usually the person that is significantly influenced/swayed by various other people and also their opinions.

A person having a healthier self-image does not depend on external views or even factors to determine who they really are.

#Self-Image What is it? Click To Tweet

Take Steps to Feel Better about Yourself

Understanding how to deal with and change the thoughts of the innermost critic is really a good starting point with elevating your self-esteem. The instant you begin to change the image, almost everything outside will start to change.

The more often you exercise keeping a positive frame of mind yourself. The greater your self-respect will begin to have an effect on your day-to-day relationships and self-image.

Yet people that have a healthy self-esteem do not let those emotions stop them from attempting new things or even dealing with obstacles. Challenge negative ‘self-talk’ – each and every time you criticise your own self.

Stop and try to find objective proof that this critique is valid and you will almost certainly realize that it’s not.

Self image really needs to be developed. Everybody can feel much less than just right occasionally. But the majority of people bounce back and move on with his or her life.

However some people simply cannot forget about most of these negative thoughts as quickly. Their particular self image can be so impractical; they will make their selves ill and require specialist help and guidance to be able to acquire the energy necessary to work through all those negative emotions.

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animal themes, mammal, domestic animals, one animal, dog, pets, winter, cold temperature, snow, water, livestock, two animals, animal, brown, horse, vertebrate, zoology, nature, animal head, close-up

Want to buy this photo?

Ni som trodde att mammutarna var utrotade, ni hade fel.


Songs From The Holy Spirit!

“And he (God) hath put a new song in my mouth, even praise unto our God: many shall see it, and fear, and shall trust in the Lord.” – Psalm 40:3

Gospel music or song is one of the ministries the Lord has blessed the body of Christ with. It enables us to express our emotions and pour out our hearts to God in words.

Unfortunately, many contemporary gospel songs are not inspired by the Holy Spirit. This is because some people enter into this ministry not because they have been called, but for their own selfish reasons. Mostly, these songs are characterized by what God should do for them or how life has been miserable for them.

How can you identify whether a song is from God or not? David gives us some powerful keys to determine. Let’s examine them.

  1. A song from the Holy Spirit brings praise to God. “…Even PRAISE unto our God…”
  2. A song from God impacts many lives positively. “…MANY shall see it…”
  3. A song from God can be seen or discerned by others. “…MANY shall SEE it…”
  4. A true song from the Holy Spirit causes people to fear or obey God. “…Many shall see it, and FEAR…
  5. Finally, a true song from the Holy Spirit causes people to TRUST in God and not themselves. “…Many shall TRUST in the Lord.”

If a gospel music doesn’t lead people to God, I doubt its source.

Victor Obeng Mensah


Prenatal and Newborn Development

Alicia Stack * EDU/305 * Nov. 16, 2015 * Stephanie Hofeling

Prenatal and Newborn Milestones

Early development of a child starts in the early stages of pregnancy. The first trimester the fetus develops at:

3-4 weeks - a primitive brain develops

5-8 weeks - external structures form, sense of touch begins to develop and the embryo now has the ability to move

9-12 weeks - the fetus increases in size and behavioral capacities develop

During the second trimester, 13- 24 weeks, the fetus continues to increase in size, fetal movement is more pronounced and the mother will begin to notice. Most brain neurons are now present as well as the eyes develop a blinking rhythm and respond to light. The ears can hear and react to sounds.

During the third trimester, 25 - 30 weeks, the fetus again has increased size, long maturity and sensory and behavioral capacities have expanded due to the rapid brain development.

During the newborn stages the infants develop reflexes such as sucking, rooting, and grasping with increased strength, known as palmar grasp. Sensory capacities are well developed such as touch and strong sense of smell. Sensitivity to sounds increases after a few months of birth. Visions capacity is blurry even from close-up but focuses more later in months.

Stimulating Development in the First Year

Tips For Parents

Parents are the first stimulant in the development of their children. You can stimulate your child's development by

- talking with your baby as infants love to hear the parents' voices

- mimic sounds and use words to develop language

- read picture books to your baby as this will visual stimulate present more language and sounds

- give your baby a sense of security by holding and cuddling with your baby

- play when your baby is alert and calm and always take breaks to allow your baby to rest

(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015)

Cultural Influences on Child Development

Cultural influences varies from one society to the next and each of those with their own way of living, resources and expectations held among children. The way a parent raises their child greatly impacts their social and academic development. Children from unstable troubled homes often look stability elsewhere. This often can lead to childhood depression which can negatively affect their mood and attitudes towards their education. (Berk., 2012)

Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, abilities, stereotypes all contribute to different aspects of a child's development.

(Boundless, 2015)

Nature Versus Nurture

According to, " Nature and Nurture work hand and hand in the development of children. their are many genetic factors that go into play in a child's development such as a child's temperament an how they respond to certain stressors or stimuli has mostly to do with their genetics. Where as, a child who has been socially inclined will most likely be shy and quiet around others. However, if a child is socially introvert they will be as sociable as possible. (T. M McDevitt,; J. E. Ormrod, 2010)

Parent Understanding

Understanding your child's development from the vey start is essential in the foundation of their education. Knowing key milestones and contributing to developing those milestones will help to engage your child early in learning. Your child will learn to explore the world around them and learn fascinating things from the simplest of activities and adventures. Your understanding will create a structure to influence how your child learns and develops.

Berk., L. E. (2012). Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Pearson Education, Inc.

Boundless. (2015). Cultural and Societal Influences on Child Development. Retrieved from

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Child Development: Milestones. Retrieved from

T. M McDevitt,; J. E. Ormrod. (2010). Nature and Nurture. Retrieved from


CMAC Partners

Costa Mesa Aquatics Club Frequently Asked Questions

How do I join Costa Mesa Aquatics Club? Go the CMAC website,  Click "Join CMAC!", under the "Swim Team" tab.  This page will give you a simple step process on how to join the Team!

How do I register for the swim team? Log into  Click "Swim Team" tab.  You'll see a link that says, "START REGISTRATION HERE!".  Once you've completed your registration, uploaded a credit card for monthly practice/meet fees, & paid initial fees, bring a completed USA Registration Form to your first workout, along with a copy of your swimmer’s birth certificate.

How do I set up automatic payment? Log into  Click “My Account,” then “Set Up Auto Pay.” Enter your credit card information.  Cash/Checks are not accepted for payment of monthly dues.  Click “save” before closing the page.

When am I billed?  Bills are processed on the first of each month. (Practice Group Fees, Meet Fees, Team Apparel, etc.)

How do I update my account information?  Log into  Click “My Account.”  Update your account with the new information and click “save.”

How do I update my credit card information? Log into  Click “My Account.”  Click “Set Up Auto Pay.”  Click the credit card on file and update the credit card information.  Click “save.”

How do I check my bill and/or my billing history?  Log into  Click “my account,” then click “my invoice/payment.”  You can view your current invoice, projected amount owed, and billing history.

If my swimmer is entered in a meet and does not swim, am I still charged for the meet?  Yes.  Entries and entry fees are sent to the host club approximately two weeks before the meet.  Once CMAC has submitted entries to the host club, no changes to the entries or refunds can be made.

What are mandatory meets? Mandatory meets are home meets, or other large meets where CMAC will need everyone’s help to run a successful event.  That’s why all families are required to work at them.  If you don’t work at these meets, your account will be billed.  The fee for not working mandatory meets is $30 per family.  This $30 fee is in addition to any meet fees that are owed as a result of registering for the meet.

What is a timing “no show” penalty?  Southern California Swimming requires all teams to provide timers at most away meets.  Every participating team are required to provide timers.  Be sure to note any days when you are unable to time on the comments section of the meet entry declaration when you declare your swimmer for the meet.  This allows the individual putting together the timing assignments for the meet to properly schedule parents for timing shifts that they are available to work.  The penalty for a timing "no show" is $30.


Associated with the Sun, a phoenix obtains new life by arising from the ashes of its predecessor. (figuratively) Anything that is reborn after apparently being Feb 21, 2017. It then arises anew from the ashes. According to some sources, the phoenix dies in a show of flames and combustion, although there are other Come to Phoenix, Arizona, a city rich with art and culture, resorts, shopping, nightlife, attractions and events, all surrounded by beautiful desert scenery. عنقاء translation english, Arabic - English dictionary, meaning, see also 'عَنْ',عَدَّاء',عَشَاء',عِقَاب', example of use, definition, conjugation, Reverso dictionary. In Greek mythology, and in the Talmud, a phoenix is a long-lived bird that is cyclically regenerated or born again. (mythology) A mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. Jun 29, 2013phoenix (plural phoenix or phoenixes or phoenices)


Is there a setting so that FormReturn alerts me if someone has filled in 2 (or more) answers for the same question?

Yes, you can use a mark aggregation rule to do it. For example with 2 or more answers:

That says if B (and only B selected) is the correct answer, add one mark, if two answers are given, add 99999, for everything else do nothing.

Looking at the Form Score column in the captured data should quickly alert you to a problem that needs manual reprocessing.


1095 Carbon

Please send me an email if you are interested in any of my knives. I will take both Visa and MasterCard creditcards, money transfer and Pay Pal. If you feel uncomfortable sending your cardnumber by e-mail or you do not have a creditcard mentioned above, please send me a note or phone me directly using the numbers displayed below.
When ordering a knife, 50% of the estimated value must be paid when the order is placed. The customer will be notified when the knife is ready for delivery. 10% discount is given if paid by money transfer.


Σύμπαν και άνθρωπος

Μάρκος Αυρήλιος

Πέμπτη, 6 Δεκεμβρίου 2012

Oak Island in nova scotia

Oak Island is a 140-acre (57 ha) island in Lunenburg County on the south shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. The tree-covered island is one of about 360 small islands in Mahone Bay and rises to a maximum of 35 feet (11 m) above sea level. Located 200 metres from shore and connected to the mainland by a modern causeway, the island is privately owned, and advance permission is required for any visitation.
Oak Island is noted as the location of the so-called Money Pit and the site of over 200 years of treasure hunting.[1] Repeated excavations have reported layers of apparently man-made artifacts as deep as 31 metres (102 ft), but ended in collapsed excavations and flooding. Critics argue that there is no treasure and that the pit is a natural phenomenon, likely a sinkhole.[2]

History of the Money Pit

Early accounts

Money Pit at Oak Island
There are many 19th-century accounts of Oak Island, but some are conflicting and/or are not impartial.[2] Further, physical evidence from the initial excavations is absent or has been lost. A basic summary of the history of the pit is as follows:
In 1795, 18-year-old Daniel McGinnis, after observing lights coming from the island, discovered a circular depression in a clearing on the southeastern end of the island. Adjacent to the clearing was a tree with a tackle block on one of its overhanging branches.[3] Daniel McGinnis, with the help of friends John Smith (in early accounts, Samuel Ball) and Anthony Vaughan, excavated the depression and discovered a layer of flagstones a few feet below. On the pit walls there were visible markings from a pick. As they dug down they discovered layers of logs at about every 10 feet (3.0 m). They abandoned the excavation at 30 feet (9.1 m).[3]
This initial discovery and excavation was first briefly mentioned in print in the Liverpool Transcript in October 1856. A more complete account followed, again in the Liverpool Transcript,[3][4] the Novascotian,[5][6] British Colonist,[7] and A History Of Lunenburg County[8] (the last source based on the Liverpool Transcript articles).
About eight years after the 1795 dig, according to the original articles and the memories of Vaughan, another company examined what was to become known as the "Money Pit." The Onslow Company sailed 300 nautical miles (560 km) from central Nova Scotia near Truro to Oak Island with the goal of recovering what they believed to be secret treasure. They continued the excavation down to approximately 90 feet (27.43 m) and found layers of logs or "marks" about every ten feet (3 m) and layers of charcoal, putty and coconut fibre at 40, 50 and 60 feet (12, 15 and 18 m ).
According to one of the earliest written accounts, at 80–90 feet (24–27 m), they recovered a large stone bearing an inscription of symbols.[4] Several researchers apparently attempted to decipher the symbols. One translated them as saying: "forty feet below, two million pounds lie buried." The symbols currently associated with the "forty feet down..." translation and seen in many books first appeared in True Tales of Buried Treasure, written by explorer and historian Edward Rowe Snow in 1951. In this book he states he was given this set of symbols by Reverend A.T. Kempton of Cambridge, Massachusetts.[9] Nothing more is known about Kempton's involvement in the Oak Island tale. The pit subsequently flooded up to the 33-foot (10 m) level. Bailing did not reduce the water level, and the excavation was abandoned.
Investors formed The Truro Company in 1849, which re-excavated the shaft back down to the 86 feet (26 m) level, where it flooded again. They then drilled into the ground below the bottom of the shaft. According to the nineteenth-century account, the drill or "pod auger" passed through a spruce platform at 98 feet (30 m), a 12-inch (300 mm) head space, 22 inches (560 mm) of what was described as "metal in pieces", 8 inches (200 mm) of oak, another 22 inches (560 mm) of metal, 4 inches (100 mm) of oak, another spruce layer, and finally into clay for 7 feet (2.1 m) without striking anything else.[4]

Oak Island Association and Old Gold Salvage group

The next excavation attempt was made in 1861 by a new company called the Oak Island Association which resulted in the collapse of the bottom of the shaft into either a natural cavern or booby trap underneath. The first fatality during excavations occurred when the boiler of a pumping engine burst.[10] (Six people have been killed in accidents during various excavations.) The company gave up when their funds were exhausted in 1864.

Gilbert Hedden and William Chappell

In 1928, a New York newspaper printed a feature story about the strange history of the island. Gilbert Hedden, operator of a steel fabricating concern, saw the article and was fascinated by the engineering problems involved in recovering the putative treasure. Hedden collected books and articles on the island and made six trips there. He even ventured to England to converse with Harold Tom Wilkins, the author of Captain Kidd and His Skeleton Island, believing he had found a link between Oak Island and a map in Wilkins's book.[11]
Hedden purchased the southeast end of the island. He began digging in the summer of 1935, following excavations by William Chappell in 1931. In 1939, he even informed King George VI about developments on Oak Island.
The 1931 excavations by William Chappell sank a 163-foot (50 m) shaft 12 × 14 feet to the southwest of what he believed was the site of the 1897 shaft, close to the original pit. At 127 feet (39 m), a number of artifacts, including an axe, an anchor fluke, and a pick were found. The pick has been identified as a Cornish miner's poll pick. By this time, the entire area around the Money Pit was littered with the debris and refuse of numerous prior excavation attempts. So, exactly to whom the pick belonged is unverifiable.

Restall family and Robert Dunfield

Triton Alliance

Around 1967, Daniel C. Blankenship and David Tobias formed Triton Alliance, Ltd. and purchased most of the island. In 1971, Triton workers excavated a 235 foot shaft supported by a steel caisson to bedrock. According to Blankenship and Tobias, cameras lowered down the shaft into a cave below recorded the presence of some chests, human remains, wooden cribbing and tools; however, the images were unclear, and none of these claims have been independently confirmed. The shaft subsequently collapsed, and the excavation was again abandoned. This shaft was later successfully re-dug to 181 feet (55 m), reaching bedrock; work was halted because of lack of funds and the collapse of the partnership.[12]
In the mid 1960s, an account of an excavation of the "Money Pit" appeared in Reader's Digest magazine.[13] Over a decade later, the Money Pit mystery was the subject of an episode of the television series In Search of..., which first aired January 18, 1979, bringing the legend of Oak Island to a wider audience.

Oak Island Tours Inc.

In July 2010, Blankenship and the other stakeholders in Oak Island Tours Inc. announced on their website that the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources/Tourism, Culture and Heritage had granted them a temporary Treasure Trove License, allowing them to resume activities until December 31, 2010.[14] After December 2010, the department repealed the former Treasure Trove Act and replaced it with a new "Oak Island Act".[15] The new Oak Island Treasure Act came into effect as of January 1, 2011 and allows for treasure hunting to continue on the island under the terms of a licence issued by the Minister of Natural Resources.

Treasure theories

There has been wide-ranging speculation amongst enthusiasts as to who originally dug the pit and what it might contain. Later accounts say that oak platforms were discovered every 10 feet (3.0 m),[16] but the earliest accounts simply say that "marks" of some type were found at these places.[16] They also say there were "tool marks" or pick scrapes on the walls of the money pit and that the dirt was noticeably loose and not as hard packed as the surrounding soil.[16] One expedition said they found the flood tunnel at 90 feet, and that it was lined with flat stones.[16] However, Robert Dunfield (a trained geologist) wrote that he carefully examined the walls of the re-excavated pit and was unable to locate any evidence of this tunnel.[16]
The cipher stone, which one researcher is said to have translated to read "Forty feet below two million pounds is buried",[17] was allegedly last seen in the early 20th century (exact dates are a topic of controversy). Some accounts state that Smith used it as a fireback in his fireplace,[16] while others claim it was last seen as a doorstep in a Halifax bookbinder's shop.[16] The accuracy of the translation, whether the symbols as commonly depicted are accurate, or if they meant anything at all, remains disputed. Barry Fell, the author of the controversial[18][19] books America B.C. and Saga America, was sent a copy of the inscription by the chief archivist of the Nova Scotia Archives in the late 1970s.[citation needed] Fell, whose publications consisted largely of alleged translations of inscriptions on stones found elsewhere in North America, concluded that the symbols were similar to the Coptic alphabet and when translated implied that the people needed to remember their God or else they would perish.[20]
Man-made structures under Oak Island do in fact exist as discussed in many books, including a book written by Lee Lamb, daughter of Robert Restall.[21] Whether these structures were constructed by people hiding a treasure, or are the remains of prior excavation attempts, is unknown.

Pirate treasure

One theory is that the pit holds a pirate treasure hoard buried by Captain Kidd or possibly Edward Teach (Blackbeard), who claimed he buried his treasure "where none but Satan and myself can find it."[17] Some also hold to the theory that Kidd conspired with Henry Every and Oak Island was used as a pseudo community bank between the two.

Naval treasure

Marie Antoinette's jewels

Exotic treasure

Natural sinkhole theory

Critics argue that there is no treasure and that the apparent pit is a natural phenomenon, likely a sinkhole and natural caverns.[2] Suggestions that the pit is a natural phenomenon, specifically a sinkhole or debris in a fault, date to at least 1911.[28][29][30][31] There are numerous sinkholes on the mainland near the island, together with underground caves (to which the apparent booby traps are attributed).
The appearance of a man-made pit has been attributed partly to the texture of sinkholes: "this filling would be softer than the surrounding ground, and give the impression that it had been dug up before",[31] and the appearance of "platforms" of rotten logs has been attributed to trees or "blowdowns" falling or washing into the depression.[32] An undetermined pit similar to the description of the early Money Pit had been discovered in the area. In 1949, workmen digging a well on the shore of Mahone Bay, at a point where the earth was soft, found a pit of the following description: "At about two feet down a layer of fieldstone was struck. Then logs of spruce and oak were unearthed at irregular intervals, and some of the wood was charred. The immediate suspicion was that another Money Pit had been found."[33]

Pit flooding issues

In 1851, treasure hunters discovered fibres beneath the surface of one beach called Smith's Cove. This led to the theory that the beach had been converted into a giant siphon, feeding water from the ocean into the pit via a manmade tunnel.
The purpose of these fibres has been a source of heated debate among Oak Island researchers since Coconut trees are not natural to Canada; a sample of this material was sent to the Smithsonian Institution in the early 20th century, where it was concluded that the material was coconut fibre.[34] Carbon dating was conducted on a sample in the 1960s and returned a date of 1200–1400 CE.[34] However, this testing method reveals only when the material was harvested, not when it was deposited at the site. Furthermore it is now known that carbon dating is less reliable for marine organisms and objects long immersed in seawater, due to the marine reservoir effect. For marine organisms, typically the dated object appears about 450 years older than its true age (a correction first estimated in 1975, although the exact value would have to be determined for the waters in which it was found.[35])
Oak Island lies on a glacial tumulus system and is underlain by a series of water-filled anhydrite cavities, which may be responsible for the repeated flooding of the pit. This type of limestone easily dissolves when exposed to water, forming caves and natural voids. Bedrock lies at a depth of 130–150 feet in the Money Pit area.
Upon the invitation of Boston-area businessman David Mugar, a two-week survey was conducted by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1995. This is the only known scientific study that has been conducted on the site. After running dye tests in the bore hole, they concluded that the flooding was caused by a natural interaction between the island's freshwater lens and tidal pressures in the underlying geology, refuting the idea of artificially constructed flood tunnels. The Woods Hole scientists who viewed the videos taken in 1971 concluded that nothing conclusive could be determined from the murky images.[36]

Non fiction and fictional accounts

Oak Island has been a staple of treasure literature with the first published account appearing in 1863 and new books appearing on regular basis. Over 50 books have been published recounting the island's history and exploring competing theories.[37]
Several works of fiction have been based upon the Money Pit, including The Money Pit Mystery, Riptide and The Hand of Robin Squires. It was also a major plot device in the episode "The Man with the Bone" of the fictional crime drama series Bones. Additionally, the Oak Island/Money Pit Mystery led to the ill-fated Cork Graham/Richard Knight hunt for Captain Kidd's treasure off western Vietnam in 1983, documented in The Bamboo Chest.
In 2007, the island was featured in a museum display at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic which displayed many artifacts from various eras of treasure hunting as part of the museum's exhibit Pirates: Myth and Reality.
In 2012, the island is featured in the video game Assassin's Creed 3 by Ubisoft. The player gets to Oak Island by completing quests related to Captain Kidd.

The Money Pit mystery was the subject of a January 18, 1979, episode of the television series In Search of.... It was also featured on an episode of the television documentary series Northern Mysteries and covered extensively in the Ancient Aliens television series on the History Channel.

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