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Feb 4 2013 Engels on gender Inequality : 1. Gender Inequality in Canada Today 2. Engels (origins of the family, private property and the sate): . the centrality of production and reproduction . gender under primitive communism . private property and gender inequality . socialism and gender relations: the claim 3. Critical Comments:  A sociological phenomenon  A historical phenomenon  The meaning of property  Politics matter  Gender equality and capitalism - test next week t/f(40) and mc 1. simple societies where there is not a surplus produced where they have agriculture they are not distributed equally . 2. the claim is that with the transition to normal society gender inequality would resolve with the institution 3. the work of Engels is important because it treats relations between men and women when it comes to power not treated as biological or psychological. If they were rooted in biology than we would see, gender inequality is inevitable and psychological than hard to change social relations. In the end gender inequality is a result of social relations and not biological or psychological. Take an example of being pregnant we know that it is discomfort and that is a biological that men will never know, but since men can’t understand it should we not include women for it? No but societies sometimes place regulation where they penalize women, or child rearing in societies where they are penalized since they have the burden to raise children. - Historical phenomenon – we noe there is a gender gap in some societies and others are smaller but it cant be discussed in biology rather historical. - The meaning of property – the theory claims that men in societies that made the transition to hoarding want to know who they are transmitting it too. Engels makes a point that men should be aware of transmitting it to their heirs usually male, but why not their female heir? Alternatively, why not their neighbor? It would be better if it was shared for a community. What Engle’s saying is that men passing onto their heir is a cultural assumption - Politics matter- soviet union when they stopped private property and than we would think that regime would be good at getting rid of gender inequality and in fact there was greater gender inequality, but in the 1930s the regime decided the population was too low and they anted to increase fertility and they wanted women to turn into traditional roles wanting women to be feminine and taking pride in being mothers. It may be that where you have great difference in private property you have difference in men and women - Changes in state policy made a difference - Gender equality capitalism- thinks of Canada having capitalism in half century and we know there has been no change in gender equality and there has been no known difference in the Canadian economy. - Critical comments- Engels may have did us a favour saying that gender inequality is not natural thus taking place in different time. But he is missing politics, and yes we may have to take an economic approach but it is not sufficient where we have to take state policies into account to look at in with ownership of property Simmel’s Sociology of Power: p. 139-166 A. thematic key : cohesion vs division - Within the individual - Within societies horizontal relation - Within societies vertical relation B. - critical observation: - Simmels brilliance - Mythological individualism - Formal sociology - Power as negotiation C. Implications: a contradictory liberalism - Political struggle vain - Individuality supreme - Freedom in the mind not society (a dictorship that fosters good education might be acceptable) In Germany by the end of 1950s someone that was a sociologists was a socialist and 1969s sociology was associated with radicals and France brought workers into a standstill so sociology in the 1960s was a radical Marxist system - a Marxist sociology would have been uneasy with simmel - simmel describes it as a question of negotiation and Marxist would say this portrait takes the blood out of domination where a lot of people have domination and that kind of passion is not in simmel A. Imagine a village where everyone know everyone where they do everything together makes a lot of social monitoring and pressure of performing across a day but in a modern society we are in a classroom like today we are more passive but in a third year a smaller class we have more interactions with the TA and students. In our modern world even our smaller worlds are discrete so unlikely you will see someone you know in your fitness class. He makes a claim in a small scale society the pressure of society will channel us into consistency everyday unlike us today where we are in a class, in our family, which shows that we respond differently in each so think of responding to a joke in each of these scenarios. Simmel says we play different roles moving in each circle but doesn’t this create new challenges for a person in terms of integrity where nothing is whole or complete. As we change our demeanors where is out unity? A second sense is that morally upstanding, where in our society someone who is two faced is something without integrity. But what about us? So it is not a question of being poor dispersed but a question of having a moral code, so superficially we think of modern society would be liberating but in fact modern society presents us with new challenges when it comes with our identity, a challenge with who I am and what are my standards? Is this a question of balance? - It is important to maintain cohesion than division in a society - It is better to pull a group together than have a outside enemy - Horizontal relations- depending on circumstances people can be disunited or in face of enemy they can pull together - Vertical- social relation between people who are relatively unequal and simmel by definition talks about division since people are apart in social hierarchy but talks about cohesion meaning ways people can get along like negotiation. He is referring to truce between different people - Simmel is saying cohesion and division is always present an if we miss one we are missing the view of reality - Raymond amen- he says that simmel has many admirers and few deceitful- prof is saying it is much hard in sociology to classify certain sociologists as new Marxist. In social networks people look at simmel but he has few admirers and does not offer a system - In sociology a realist not political science way but a sociologist believes that supra individual phenomenon have properties independent of their constitute parts – how did Durkheim make this case In study of suicide? He wanted to explain suicide the supra is the suicide rate he is interested in the variation of suicide rates in races and societies and looks at individuals in membership groups like protestant. Example we have water that has certain properties like help life take fire out, thirst now think of the parts it has O2 and would you use that on fire? But it is the coming toget
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Recently, USA Today carried an article by Greg Toppo that told of the National Anthem Project.  What is the purpose?  Teaching people the words and meaning of the Star Spangled Banner.  According to creators of the project six out of ten people claim to know the words, but fewer than four out of ten can actually recite them.  In what came as a surprise to pollsters, surveys indicated that only 31% of those fifty and older could get the words right while 45% of the 18 to 35 year olds could.  The National Anthem project is sponsoring a record setting performance of the song and many celebrities have signed on to help.  Not only do they want people to know the words they want them to understand the meaning.  They want people to know what the “bombs bursting in air” refers to and what is behind the “see through the night.”  Preachers have a similar duty.  Many in the church claim to know the Bible well.  Do they really?  Even if they know the books, chapters and verses, do they know the meaning of those words?  This is the preacher’s challenge and opportunity.


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Anastasia, Queen of Mars
[Image: 17342_600.jpg]

My new campaign is live!

Her name is Anavasavsta. Born on Mars in the year 1880 to an ancient royal house, she was heir to the throne of an empire. She was only a child when the Earthmen came to her world, and changed everything.

When the British came to explore Mars in 1879, they found a harsh, ancient world teeming with new and strange forms of life, including the red-skinned people of Mars, who live in the deeps of the Tarivinan Delve – a network of ravines and river valleys five times as deep as the Grand Canyon, where the air pressure provides an atmosphere more suited for life.

The Martian city-states and federations had lasted for thousands of years. Often at war, using technology left behind from an ancient golden age, they were totally unprepared for the arrival of Earthmen. Trade and colonization disrupted the world’s balance of power, and a war tore apart the oldest empire on the face of the planet.

The British thought it would be useful to have an heiress to the throne at hand, so when her family was wiped out, they took young Anavasavsta to Earth. She almost did not survive the harshness of her new home – the heavy gravity and dense air pressure. But now she has lived on Earth for ten years, learning languages, customs, and, above all, to adapt to the hardships of her new planet. She has a new name, given to her by the British: Anastasia.

Now, in 1899, the coalition that seized the throne on Mars has fallen apart, and the empire is there to be taken. Now she will return to the planet of her birth at the head of a battalion of soldiers to take the throne in the name of the British Empire.

She is going back to a world she has not seen since she was a child, where she does not know if she belongs. She will be given the power to take revenge on the people who killed her family, but as a pawn of the British Empire. The Earthmen are her allies – some are even her friends – but is she willing to take the throne just to make it a possession of the Crown? Must she choose between being Anavasavsta or Anastasia? Can she become the Queen of Mars?

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This looks epic
We need it as a liquid in our veins instead of blood

15% funded, not too shabby.
Contributed yesterday. Looks like a cool storyline.
Hung up at 17%.  *bump*
27%  hoo-rah!
We need it as a liquid in our veins instead of blood
46%  Progress is being made.

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alexa Institut Botanic de Barcelona

Institut Botanic de Barcelona

The botanical Institute of Barcelona (IBB) is a joint made by the Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Barcelona city council. The IBB was held in 1934 and early intervention CSIC occurred in 1942, when it created a foothold he held Associate Scientist Pius Font i Quer. The IBB was established in 1986 as associated center, and a year later joined the primary stage Scientific Associate moden IBB. In 1998 the decision was ended to sign a brand new agreement with the city of Barcelona, under that rose to the rank of joint center. Given the scientific relevance and also the volume of collections, the IBB is that the second largest botanical center in the Spain. These days the collections comprise 800,000 Herbarium sheets. These collections, likewise as specialised library -integrada Network CSIC Libraries accessible via Internet- open consultation of all interested researchers. The IBB conjointly preserves the Cabinet Salvador, one who all has come these as Enlightenment naturalists. This collection includes all types of items (fossils, shells, seeds, and numerous animal and vegetable products, additionally to herbal), and liberal science, medical and pharmaceutical sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries that is in their area, one in all as the largest in the world. Currently, the IBB research is distributed in 2 completely different research groups: diversity and evolution of plants and history of botanic collections and analysis. The IBB is found within the Parc De Montjuïc, one of the foremost emblematic areas of the city from the point of view of cultural history. The supposed "historic", which was the primary headquarters of the IBB is found around the National Palace, home of the National Art Museum in Catalonia . Currently, the IBB is in a new building, built in 2003 and set at the top of the Botanical garden of Bracelona (JBB), an institution with which it maintains a good relationship.


Name : Julanda S. H.

AL-Hashmi Professor: Salim kublawi Class: Eco 305 Assignment: International Economics Date: 29th April, 2012

1 International Economics……………………………………………2 References………………………………………………………….Table of Contents Table of Contents………………………………………………….7 1 .

This explains why trade is still more beneficial even if one country seems to be better at producing both of two goods. at this case the two countries will addition by trading with each other. Comparative advantage provides a powerful explanation for the advantages of specialization in production.Comparative advantage refers to the ability of a country or a person for producing a specific good or services at a lower marginal and opportunity cost to each other. The conclusion drawn is that each country can gain by specializing in the good where it has comparative advantage. 2 . In Portugal both wine and cloth could be produced with less Labor than in England. compared to another country. closer to the cost of cloth. In his explained 1817 book. Portugal could produce both goods easily. Conversely England benefits from this trade because its cost for producing cloth has not changed but it can now get wine at a lower price. Therefore while it is cheaper to produce cloth in Portugal than England. unless they don’t have different associated conductive. Even if one country is more conductive in the production of all goods than the other. David Ricardo was one of the Most Influential of the classical economist. In his most important contribution was the law of comparative advantage. and trade that for English cloth. and trading that good for the other. which involved both countries England and Portugal. However the relative costs of both goods are different in the two countries. on the principle of political economy and taxation in an example. it is cheaper still for Portugal to produce excess wine.

comparative advantage explains the pattern of trade between two nations: mutually beneficial trade occurs between two nations when each specializes in the production and export of the product for which it is the lower opportunity cost producer. Trade is usually beneficial to both countries even if one has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods that are to be traded. others could be involved over time. The same logic may be applied to groups of individuals or nations. sometimes by the accumulated skills and capital. Mutually beneficial trade occurs between two individuals when each specializes in the activity or occupation for which he or she has a comparative advantage. and technology. and imports the product for which it has a higher opportunity cost. Comparative advantage could be determined by many actions such as the natural resource or climate change. such as worked skills. In other words. or the area for which the opportunity cost of their effort is less. by government assistance. For example. Given any two products.Even in extreme cases where individuals have an absolute advantage in two activities or occupations they will be better off specializing in that activity or occupation for which they are relatively better. a nation will tend to export goods to another nation for which it has a comparative advantage and will import goods for which it has a comparative disadvantage. 3 . education. a nation has a comparative advantage in the product with the lower opportunity cost. This is the activity or occupation for which they have a comparative advantage.

The analysis of trade in goods and services while no factors of production-labor. The effects of allowing for movement of these factors to our analysis. The International movement of productive factors is the movements of labor. iron ore. In the real world. Why do countries have different opportunity costs? They have different endowments of productive resources -warmer climates and longer growing seasons. Human resources can be improved through better educational programs.The terms of trade must be such that both countries lower the opportunity costs of the goods they are getting from the trade. more plentiful natural resources such as oil. New supplies of natural resources can be discovered and developed while existing supplies are better managed. there are movements of capital-called international capital flows. The increase in world trade should result in more efficient use of the world's scarce resources.move between countries. and larger quantities of more sophisticated machinery. 4 . and other factors of production between countries.termed migrationbetween countries. It has been increasing both in amount and in significance.and movement of labor. capital. we will add an important variant of capital movement. and in higher standards of living. or land. Capital resources can be acquired to make the better-trained workers even more productive. more highly educated and skilled workers. and water. World trade is not static. capital. that of foreign directs investment abroad (FDI).

Foreign Direct Investment is the ownership of assets in a country by foreigners where the ownership is intended to provide control over those assets.International factor movements occur in three ways: immigration/emigration. capital flows. Most countries governments appoint this trade barriers and the conventional with full intent behind them is to limit or constantly ban the imports of some specific products. Substitutability of factors and commodities Trade in goods and services can to some extent be considered a substitute for factor movements. Nations frequently restrict immigration. Multinational enterprises manage production or deliver services in more than one country. it is a financial transaction. and foreign direct investment. Which consists into many contents. capital transfers through international borrowing and lending. Instead. 5 . International factor movements also raise political and social issues not present in trade in goods and services. however. and foreign direct investment. as it is with labor mobility. Substitutability and complementarity of foreign and domestic labor International borrowing and lending is another type of international factor movement. the "factor" being moved here is not physical. many industries in the United States are heavily dependent on legal and illegal labor from Mexico and the Caribbean. For example. Tariff and non-tariff barriers can affect countries business in their exports. International labor mobility International labor migration is a key feature of our international economy.

6 . The World Trade Organization was implanted in order to lower the risk of the trade barriers all over the world. Both Tariff and non-tariff barriers can exclusively hurt the national economy in the longer term. the governments are looking to accomplish some or this entire economic objectives: Encouraging domestic production. They even provide shield to those under achieving industries and manufactures are not competitive at all.By demanding trade barriers. Protecting local employees. Increasing revenues. Reducing devastation and interdependent on exports. and to improve transparency and non-discrimination in international trade.

org/1990/03/the-competitive-advantage-of-nations/ar/1 .sg/title/5421a.Reference: International Economics 13th Edition/2011 Robert http://www.php http://www. Carbaugh http://www.htm http://hbr.twnside.investopedia.

7 .

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[The Story] Dog Park Adventures

Adaptation is a central theme to “The Story” Trishna’s service dog Pollyanna (background, right) grew up with acres of farmland to explore. When Trishna (foreground, left) leaves for college with John (foreground, right), her family have to figure out what’s best for the now-senior Pollyanna. Does Pollyanna retire from service duties, stay on the farm, and visit on weekends? Does she stay in their dorm apartment during the day? Do they invite her to class?

Spoiler Warning Scale: Minor (worldbuilding brainstorming)

Adapting reality is a central goal of mine for “The Story.”

If I were to write something fancifully emotional about how Trishna would train a second service dog to bring around college, just because she wouldn’t want Pollyanna to feel lonely in an apartment, would that be realistic? People can have two service dogs simultaneously, only if there is a legitimate service-related purpose for each dog, otherwise it is usually considered a crime. That unfortunately means Pollyanna couldn’t attend college courses, if Trishna were to train a replacement service dog, since Pollyanna would just revert to being a regular dog.

What would Trishna do?

Trishna’s parents specially trained Pollyanna to be a service dog for Trishna to provide her as many options as possible. Pollyanna acts as a mobility aid to fetch things and to bring assistance if she falls. Trishna ends up not needing a full-time service dog because she is a fairly stubbornly child and therefore pushes to be as independent as she can. Pollyanna therefore relaxes at home when Trishna goes to school, and just makes sure that nothing happens to her when she is at home. I will need to do more research on this part to make sure this is accurate.

With this in mind, Trishna probably wouldn’t need another service dog.

Trishna is not severely disabled. I’m still researching the finer details to determine whether the handicap is strictly a physical impairment as the leg of the minifig implies, an invisible disorder that quickly fatigues her, or a little of both. While she does have enough of a valid reason for utilizing a service dog growing up, she doesn’t need one to go about her day. When John moves in and they develop their relationship, he takes over that role. I’ve considered how they may hire a part-time caregiver for themselves, which will also require more research.

That brainstorming helped me with this conclusion:

Pollyanna wouldn’t attend classes to become educated in human subjects. (She’d get bored…) The question becomes whether college/apartment management would provide an exception for Pollyanna to live in one of their accessibility quarters knowing the details. If so, they’d bring Pollyanna on fun trips to local parks in the mornings, evenings, or weekends for fun adventures to socialize with other dogs and dog owners. If not, Trishna and John would return weekly to visit Pollyanna on the family farm and then maybe go out for adventures from there.

Either way, Pollyanna should get in some fun doggie socializing adventures.

Sources: Casual research into fake service dogs, leading mostly to anecdotal discussions on forums.

Quotes: None

Inspirations: Visiting a dog park and “How To Forgive.”

Related: None

Photos: Taken at Marymoor Dog Park.


How e-learning programmes help motivate learners

rocket boy

An enthusiastic learner is a strong learner, but designing a training programme that keeps employees motivated can be challenging.

Technological advancements and regulation updates mean employees need to regularly take training courses to help enhance their professional development. Adults, however, unlike many students and teenagers, often have a lot of other responsibilities and training programmes may not rank highly on their list of priorities. If the training is not mandatory and they are not instantly rewarded for their hard work, an employee can soon lose motivation.

Advancements in training programmes

Modern developments, such as e-learning and social media, have helped transform the training process to make it more fun, accessible and engaging. Employees can now connect with learners all over the world. They can sign up to training sites such as Khan Academy, watch TED lectures at home and access e-learning programmes on their mobile device.

Here are five ways in which e-learning programmes can help keep learners motivated:

Appeal to your audience

At dreamm our e-learning programmes include bespoke training features designed to target a specific community of learners. For example, employees in sales based roles may thrive on a competitive aspect to their training. We can incorporate leader boards into e-learning programmes so employees can compare their performance with colleagues and managers. Achievements and awards can also be unlocked to encourage employees to retake the training and further their knowledge.

Easily digestible

E-learning programmes help divide the material up so all mandatory content is clearly signposted and easily accessed. This means employees will not waste valuable time digging around for ‘need to know’ information. The secondary material can be set aside and labelled as optional content for information junkies to view if required.

Versatile learning

People learn in many different ways; some enjoy reading text while others need to visualise the information. Our e-learning programmes are designed to suit individual learning styles. They can display key information in text form or in graphs, videos and animations. This gives employees more control over their training to help keep them motivated.

Make it relevant

E-learning programmes can help make the material relevant to the work environment, so employees understand how the information will benefit them. Gamification programmes based on real-life work scenarios allow employees to interact with a storyline, answer questions and experience the consequences in a safe environment.

Visually exciting

Scrolling through plain text documents with only a company logo as a header will soon send learners to sleep. It’s important to stick to brand guidelines, but learners will need more visual stimulation to encourage them to keep reading. Our e-learning programmes use eye-catching designs and interactive functions to hold an employee’s attention throughout the training process.

To find out more about the e-learning programmes we produce, feel free to give us a call on 0114 245 9122 or use the Get in touch button below.


With the initial section of the Elizabeth Line  service opening in March 2015, under the banner of TfL Rail, MTR Crossrail and Mubaloo set about creating a number of apps that would help to deliver transformation and innovation to the rail industry. Mubaloo worked closely with MTR Crossrail to further refine the scopes for the apps and create a roadmap to cover different employees and operations.

One of the key challenges from a rail operations perspective is ensuring staff and passenger safety. To help deliver the best rail operation in the World, MTR Crossrail was eager to create new solutions that would help it to assign staff to the right areas, ensure that stations were clean and that trains were fully operational and ran on time.

In February 2016, it was announced that the Crossrail route will officially be named Elizabeth Line. Covering 40 stations, from Reading in the West, to Shenfield in the East and through the heart of Central London, the Elizabeth Line  is both above and below ground. This creates issues when trying to use a single technology, such as GPS, to track trains and ensure drivers are on time.

Proximity is highly important for rail operations, making beacons an ideal technology as it can operate at a wide variety of ranges and trigger different actions, dependent on the app and use case.

The first two initial apps, Spotlight Audit and Driver Advisory, are focused on ensuring that the first part of TfL Rail was efficient. With 12 initial stations, under the banner of TfL Rail, situated outside, MTR Crossrail and Mubaloo Innovation Lab are able to continually test and refine the deployment of beacons and the apps.

Spotlight Audit is designed for MTR Crossrail staff working on the stations and carrying out checks. One of the big problems that can occur with rail stations is that staff carrying out audits may look from a distance. Even GPS isn’t accurate enough to ensure staff are where they are meant to be. Beacons overcome this by being able to identify not only which platform auditors are on, but also where on the platform they are.

This also means that navigation through the app is simplified as the beacons trigger specific parts of the app, to ensure they are following the right procedures. The app also includes the ability for auditors to take photos of any issues and send data back for the right employee to arrange a fix.

Driver Advisory is designed to remove any distraction for drivers, whilst helping them to keep to schedule. Sticking to the schedule is another key challenge for rail operators, as fines are levied against them for any delays they cause on their own route, or the impact of those delays for other operators.

Beacons help to ensure that drivers can’t be distracted by anything whilst driving trains. When pulling into a station, the app delivers information to drivers about their current route and counts down the time until they leave and until they are set to arrive.

Already, MTR Crossrail is finding that its apps are helping it to deliver a more efficient service. Mubaloo Innovation Lab is responsible for driving the mobilisation of operations through the deployment of beacons and the creation of apps. Over the next four years, Mubaloo Innovation Lab and MTR Crossrail are continuing to work together to deliver innovation and transform the rail industry.

Mubaloo Innovation Lab is utilising its cloud-based MiBeacons Platform to ensure that interactions delivered through apps and beacons can be updated in real-time; avoiding the need to issue updates to apps just to change content. The natively designed apps are optimised for Apple’s iOS platform.

As an Apple Mobility Partner, Mubaloo is perfectly placed to help deliver enhanced, custom mobile apps that not only make improvements, but transform the way in which operations are done.


Romeo and juliet relationship with parents essay

This essay is about a boy who is in love with a girl named Rosaline at the beginning of the book.
Discuss the Relationships Between Parents and Children in Romeo and Juliet Discuss the relationships between parents and children in Romeo and Juliet.

and nature of Romeo’s relationship with Juliet

Do these two people do the right thing in their relationships with Romeo and Juliet?

Juliet essay about the relationship between Juliet and her parents?

Parent-Child Relationships in Romeo and Juliet - …

The play is a very tragic at the end when Romeo and Juliet die due with their parent’s strife and hatred; however their death ends the anger and rage between the two families.

Mar 05, 2012 · Romeo and juliet relationship essay- Really need ..
15 Apr 2016 The relationship between children and parents in Romeo and Juliet …

Romeo and Juliet Essay Topics | mzomer

Jun 14, 2010 · i have to write an essay on romeo and juliet and there relationships with there parents any ideas?

Compare and contrast the characters of Romeo and Juliet

What is shakespeare saying about parents (biological and surrogate) in romeo and juliet - Essay Example

What makes them fall in love with one another


When one door closes another opens essay

Explanation of the famous quotes in To Kill a Mockingbird, including all important when one door closes another opens essay, comments, quotations, and monologues. In rainy weather the streets turned to red slop . Maycomb is in the midst of the Great Depression.

That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. Boo has been damaged by an abusive father. A man stood waiting with his hands on his hips. Summer, and he watched his children’s heart break. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough. Scout’s exercise in thinking about the world from Boo Radley’s perspective.

Atticus, he was real nice. Jem waked up in the morning. Jem’s bedside all night long. I don’t know about others, but it helped me a lot to take the quiz over To Kill a Mockingbird before I had a timed writing the next day. It really helped me review and keep straight the facts in the novel. This is the first time I tried taking a quiz, and I will definitely do it again with other novels in the future.

QUIZ: Which Hogwarts house do you belong to? QUIZ: How dateable would you be in the 15th century? This short essay tries to get at what poetry is all about and what it can do for us. According to the Judeo-Christian Bible, God created the world by means of words, by divine fiat.

He said “Let there be,” and there was. For it is by means of words that we apprehend, categorize, and even think and feel and know our world. When I taught my composition courses in college, I presented my classes with two theories about the relationship between language and reality. I called the one most people assume to be true the Expressive Theory, and I called the one I still think is true the Creative Theory. According to both, of course, “things are what we say they are.

What this simple scheme tells us is that words come before meaning, words give rise to meaning. But once words have given rise to meaning, it seems to most of us that meaning came before words. That’s just how “creative” of our realities words actually are. Poetry is art by means of words. Though the language of poetry is the language of emotions, it is not devoid of rationality either.

In a good poem the head is the head of the heart, even as it is the heart that gives life to the head. And this is true even if we accept Pascal’s famous dictum about the heart having reasons that reason will not understand. Trying to define poetry is probably a useless enterprise. The literature on it is vast.

Most famous poets have written about it. For Alexander Pope, for example, the essence of it came from what “oft was thought but never so well expressed,” for Wordsworth it was a matter of the “overflow of powerful feelings . Shelley poets were the “unacknowledged legislators of the world. Poetry used to enjoy great popular appeal. This was especially evident in the nineteenth century.

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The German finance ministry said it will not levy taxes on cryptocurrencies if they are used as legal tender. The resolution follows the decision of the European Court of Justice, which sets a precedent for other states of the European Union.

The German Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF) published a new manual, according to which bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are excluded from taxation if they act as a payment instrument.

"The use of bitcoin is equal to the use of ordinary means of payment if they serve no other purpose than the method of payment. Thus, the use of bitcoin for simple payments is not taxed," the document says.

From the taxation point of view, this means that when the buyer pays with bitcoins buying goods or services, an article of the EU's VAT Directive will be applied to the price of bitcoin at the time of the transaction, as documented by the seller. However, the actual conversion of cryptocurrency into fiat money is classified as a "supply of services," so the party acting as an intermediary for the exchange is not taxed.

The document is based on the Decree of the European Court of Justice on Value Added Tax of 2015, which forms a precedent on possible exceptions for certain types of transactions with cryptocurrencies for all member states of the European Union.


Consent Decree

Our Consent Decree (learn more at is a federally enforceable, legally binding agreement that resolves alleged violations of the Clean Water Act for untreated overflows from Louisville’s combined and separate sanitary sewer systems.

Combined Sewer System:  A sewer system in which wastewater and stormwater are carried by the same pipe.

Separate Sewer System:  A sewer system designed to carry wastewater only.

Stormwater System:  A system designed to carry stormwater only.

The earliest sewers in Louisville were built in the 1800s and designed to drain stormwater to the Ohio River or nearby streams. When indoor plumbing became common in Louisville homes, a sanitary sewer became necessary to drain wastewater. Combining wastewater with stormwater in the same pipe was considered the most convenient way to accomplish this.

These combined sewer systems were the industry standard in Kentucky until 1955 when they were banned by the state. MSD had stopped building combined sewers two years earlier, but combined sewers had already been built in Louisville and Jefferson County, particularly in the area inside the Watterson Expressway (I-264).

Combined sewer systems were banned because they released both stormwater and untreated wastewater into local waterways, harming local wildlife and plant-life. They also exposed people to bacteria and pathogens. MSD modified the combined sewers, sending most of the wastewater to its treatment plants. Unfortunately, during heavy rain events, these combined sewer systems may become overloaded by stormwater, allowing it to mix with wastewater. This unsanitary mixture will sometimes overflow into local streams and the Ohio River. These overflows are called Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs).

If you live in the area outside I-264, you are probably served by separate sewers, which are less likely to overflow. However, stormwater finds ways to enter these often old and leaky pipes. When the pipes fill up, they may overflow—either into a waterway, onto the ground or into a building. These overflows are called Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs).

In 2005, MSD committed to taking steps to control overflows under a federal Consent Decree, a legal document signed by Louisville MSD, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection and the United States Department of Justice.

To help meet the Consent Decree, MSD prepared a plan to reduce and mitigate the effects of CSOs, and to eliminate SSOs and other unauthorized discharges. This long-term plan will be carried out through 2024, at an estimated cost of $850 million.

In the coming years, you’ll continue to notice infrastructure improvements that will remedy the community’s aging sewer systems. This will reduce sewer overflows and backups, reduce health risks associated with exposure to bacteria and contaminants; and help achieve safe, clean waterways for our community.


How long does it take for an employer to receive drug screen results?

Results are usually available within 24-36 hours for lab-based collections. We also offer instant 5-panel drug testing with results in 20 minutes.

A DOT physical is valid for how long?

If the results of the exam are normal, an exam is required once every two years. If medical issues are involved, DOT exams may be required in less than two years (e.g., once every 6 months).

Who will provide my medical care?

How long will a visit to Macon Occupational Medicine take?

Most patients are treated and released in about an hour. However, visit times vary depending on the number of patients at MOM, the severity of their injuries or illness, and the required diagnostic tests.

Do I need to make an appointment to visit Macon Occupational Medicine?

We encourage all Macon Occupational Medicine clients to make an appointment for specialty physicals and Workers’ Compensation follow-up visits. All other needs can be accommodated on a walk-in basis during regular business hours. If you have an urgent medical issue, please visit our facility during regular business hours.

Does Macon Occupational Medicine do first-aid billing?

Yes we do.