Current Opinion in Virology

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Issues per year: 6 issues
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Current Opinion in Virology

Emerging viruses: interspecies transmission
Viral immunology
Viral pathogenesis
Preventive and therapeutic vaccines
Antiviral strategies
Virus structure and expression
Animal models for viral diseases
Engineering for viral resistance
Viruses and cancer
Virus vector interactions

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Best Cited over the last year.

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Influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk-based antibodies and vaccines

Antibodies against the conserved stalk domain of the hemagglutinin are currently being discussed as promising therapeutic tools against influenza virus infections. Because of the conservation of the stalk domain these antibodies are able to broadly neutralize a wide spectrum of influenza virus strains and subtypes. Broadly protective vaccine candidates based on the epitopes of these antibodies, for example, chimeric and headless hemagglutinin structures, are currently under development and show…

Volume 3, Issue 5, 26 August 2013, Pp 521-530
Florian Krammer | Peter Palese

Bats are being increasingly recognized as an important reservoir of zoonotic viruses of different families, including SARS coronavirus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus and Ebola virus. Several recent studies hypothesized that bats, an ancient group of flying mammals, are the major reservoir of several important RNA virus families from which other mammalian viruses of livestock and humans were derived. Although this hypothesis needs further investigation, the premise that bats carry a large number of…

Volume 3, Issue 1, 01 February 2013, Pp 84-91
Ina Smith | Lin Fa Wang

Antiviral activity and resistance of HCV NS5A replication complex inhibitors

Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is rapidly evolving with the introduction of direct acting antiviral agents (DAA). HCV NS5A replication complex inhibitors, exemplified by Daclatasvir (BMS-790052), represent a new class of DAA. The exceptional in vitro potency (EC 50 values at pM to low nM range) and broad genotype coverage of NS5A inhibitors have translated to robust anti-HCV effects in infected patients, making NS5A inhibitors an essential component of effective HCV DAA…

Volume 3, Issue 5, 29 July 2013, Pp 514-520
Min Gao

The pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus persistent infection

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) maintains a lifelong infection. According to the germinal center model (GCM), latently infected B cells transit the germinal center (GC) to become resting memory cells. Here, the virus resides quiescently, occasionally reactivating to infect new B cells, completing the cycle of infection. The GCM remains the only model that explains EBV biology and the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Recent work suggests modifications to the model notably that the virus contributes only…

Volume 3, Issue 3, 01 June 2013, Pp 227-232
David A. Thorley-Lawson | Jared B. Hawkins | Sean I. Tracy | Michael Shapiro

Interferon-stimulated genes: Roles in viral pathogenesis

Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) are critical for controlling virus infections. As new antiviral ISGs continue to be identified and characterized, their roles in viral pathogenesis are also being explored in more detail. Our current understanding of how ISGs impact viral pathogenesis comes largely from studies in knockout mice, with isolated examples from human clinical data. This review outlines recent developments on the contributions of various ISGs to viral disease outcomes in vivo.

Volume 6, Issue 1, 01 January 2014, Pp 40-46
John W. Schoggins

The long and short of antiviral defense: Small RNA-based immunity in insects

The host RNA interference (RNAi) pathway of insects senses virus infection and induces an antiviral response to restrict virus replication. Dicer-2 detects viral double-stranded RNA, produced by RNA and DNA viruses, and generates viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). Recent small RNA profiling studies provided new insights into the viral RNA substrates that trigger vsiRNA biogenesis. The importance of the antiviral RNAi pathway is underscored by the observation that viruses have evolved…

Volume 7, Issue 1, 01 January 2014, Pp 19-28
Alfred W. Bronkhorst | Ronald P. Van Rij

The epidemiology and spread of drug resistant human influenza viruses

Significant changes in the circulation of antiviral-resistant influenza viruses have occurred over the last decade. The emergence and continued circulation of adamantane-resistant A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses mean that the adamantanes are no longer recommended for use. Resistance to the newer class of drugs, the neuraminidase inhibitors, is typically associated with poorer viral replication and transmission. But 'permissive' mutations, that compensated for impairment of viral function in…

Volume 8, Issue , 01 January 2014, Pp 22-29
Aeron C. Hurt

A virocentric perspective on the evolution of life

Viruses and/or virus-like selfish elements are associated with all cellular life forms and are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, with the number of virus particles in many environments exceeding the number of cells by one to two orders of magnitude. The genetic diversity of viruses is commensurately enormous and might substantially exceed the diversity of cellular organisms. Unlike cellular organisms with their uniform replication-expression scheme, viruses possess either RNA or…

Volume 3, Issue 5, 15 July 2013, Pp 546-557
Eugene V. Koonin | Valerian V. Dolja

Zoonotic origin of hepatitis e

© 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. The concept of zoonotic viral hepatitis E has emerged a few years ago following the discovery of animal strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV), closely related to human HEV, in countries where sporadic cases of hepatitis E were autochthonous. Recent advances in the identification of animal reservoirs of HEV have confirmed that strains circulating in domestic and wild pigs are genetically related to strains identified in indigenous human cases. The demonstration of…

Volume 10, Issue , 01 January 2015, Pp 34-41
Nicole Pavio | Xiang Jin Meng | Virginie Doceul

Cell-to-cell transmission of viruses

The life cycle of most viruses involves the release of particles into the extracellular space. Consequently, the study of virus egress as well as virus entry has focused almost exclusively on the biology of cell-free virus. However, cell-free virus spread is often very inefficient. Specific barriers, either located in the donor cell or in the target cell, prevent efficient spread by the cell-free mode. In contrast, viral spread by direct cell-cell contact is largely unaffected by most of these…

Volume 3, Issue 1, 01 February 2013, Pp 44-50
Peng Zhong | Luis M. Agosto | James B. Munro | Walther Mothes

Activation of paramyxovirus membrane fusion and virus entry

The paramyxoviruses represent a diverse virus family responsible for a wide range of human and animal diseases. In contrast to other viruses, such as HIV and influenza virus, which use a single glycoprotein to mediate host receptor binding and virus entry, the paramyxoviruses require two distinct proteins. One of these is an attachment glycoprotein that binds receptor, while the second is a fusion glycoprotein, which undergoes conformational changes that drive virus-cell membrane fusion and…

Volume 5, Issue 1, 01 January 2014, Pp 24-33
Theodore S. Jardetzky | Robert A. Lamb

HIV-1 entry inhibitors: Recent development and clinical use

Purpose of review: This review provides an overview of HIV-1 entry inhibitors, with a focus on drugs in the later stages of clinical development. Recent findings: Entry of HIV-1 into target cells involves viral attachment, co-receptor binding, and fusion. Antiretroviral drugs that interact with each step in the entry process have been developed, but only two are currently approved for clinical use. The small molecule attachment inhibitor BMS-663068 has shown potent antiviral activity in early…

Volume 3, Issue 1, 01 February 2013, Pp 51-57
Timothy J. Henrich | Daniel R. Kuritzkes

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and antiviral drug resistance. Part 1

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) contributes to the development of resistance to all anti-AIDS drugs by introducing mutations into the viral genome. At the molecular level, mutations in RT result in resistance to RT inhibitors. Eight nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NRTIs) and five non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNRTIs) are approved HIV-1 drugs. Structures of RT have been determined in complexes with substrates and/or inhibitors, and the structures have illuminated different conformational and…

Volume 3, Issue 2, 01 January 2013, Pp 111-118
Kalyan Das | Eddy Arnold

HIV accessory proteins versus host restriction factors

Primate immunodeficiency viruses, including HIV-1, are characterized by the presence of accessory genes such as vif, vpr, vpx, vpu, and nef. Current knowledge indicates that none of the primate lentiviral accessory proteins has enzymatic activity. Instead, these proteins interact with cellular ligands to either act as adapter molecules to redirect the normal function of host factors for virus-specific purposes or to inhibit a normal host function by mediating degradation or causing…

Volume 3, Issue 6, 01 December 2013, Pp 692-699
Klaus Strebel

Flaviviruses: Braking the entering

Flaviviruses are small spherical virus particles covered by a dense icosahedral array of envelope (E) proteins that mediate virus attachment to cells and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Our understanding of the mechanism by which flavivirus E proteins orchestrate entry into cells has been advanced by studies of E structure and arrangement on the virion at different steps of the virus entry/membrane fusion process. When combined with an increasingly clear (albeit still incomplete)…

Volume 3, Issue 1, 01 February 2013, Pp 3-12
Theodore C. Pierson | Margaret Kielian

Uncoating of non-enveloped viruses

Non-enveloped viruses enclose their genome in capsids built of repetitive polypeptides interlinked with cementing proteins, divalent cations or disulphides. Interactions are broken in a stepwise manner during entry into cells leading to genome uncoating. Receptor or proteases induce conformational changes in case of rhinovirus, poliovirus or adenovirus, and thereby provide direct uncoating cues. Chemical cues from low endosomal pH activate rhinovirus or aphtovirus, and oxido-reductases mediate…

Volume 3, Issue 1, 01 February 2013, Pp 27-33
Maarit Suomalainen | Urs F. Greber

Nucleoside/nucleotide analog inhibitors of hepatitis B virus polymerase: Mechanism of action and resistance

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase are structurally related. However, the HBV enzyme has a protein priming activity absent in the HIV enzyme. Approved nucleoside/ nucleotide inhibitors of the HBV polymerase include lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine, entecavir and tenofovir. Although most of them target DNA elongation, guanosine and adenosine analogs (e.g. entecavir and tenofovir, respectively) also impair protein priming. Major…

Volume 8, Issue , 01 January 2014, Pp 1-9
Luis Menéndez-Arias | Mar Álvarez | Beatriz Pacheco

Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus pathogenesis (KSHV) - An update

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of several human malignancies. The virus is able to modulate pro-proliferative pathways to its advantage, while simultaneously inhibiting pro-apoptotic signaling pathways. These functions are carried out by multiple viral proteins acting in concert. The overall outcome is the survival and proliferation of the infected cell. Additionally, the virus also modulates innate immune pathways to allow for prolonged survival of the…

Volume 3, Issue 3, 01 June 2013, Pp 238-244
Dirk P. Dittmer | Blossom Damania

Viral modulation of programmed necrosis

Apoptosis and programmed necrosis balance each other as alternate first line host defense pathways against which viruses have evolved countermeasures. Intrinsic apoptosis, the critical programmed cell death pathway that removes excess cells during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, follows a caspase cascade triggered at mitochondria and modulated by virus-encoded anti-apoptotic B cell leukemia (BCL)2-like suppressors. Extrinsic apoptosis controlled by caspase 8 arose during evolution…

Volume 3, Issue 3, 01 January 2013, Pp 296-306
William J. Kaiser | Jason W. Upton | Edward S. Mocarski

MERS: Emergence of a novel human coronavirus

A novel coronavirus (CoV) that causes a severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans, emerged in the Middle East region in 2012. This virus, named Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, is phylogenetically related to bat CoVs, but other animal species like dromedary camels may potentially act as intermediate hosts by spreading the virus to humans. Although human to human transmission has been demonstrated, analysis of human MERS clusters indicated that chains of transmission were…

Volume 5, Issue 1, 01 January 2014, Pp 58-62
V. Stalin Raj | Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus | Ron A.M. Fouchier | Bart L. Haagmans

RIG-I-like receptor regulation in virus infection and immunity

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Mammalian cells have the intrinsic capacity to detect viral pathogens and to initiate an antiviral response that is characterized by the induction of interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. A delicate regulation of the signaling pathways that lead to cytokine production is needed to ensure effective clearance of the virus, while preventing tissue damage caused by excessive cytokine release. Here, we focus on the mechanisms that modulate the…

Volume 12, Issue , 01 January 2015, Pp 7-14
Ying Kai Chan | Michaela U. Gack

γ-Herpesvirus-encoded miRNAs and their roles in viral biology and pathogenesis

To date, more than 200 viral miRNAs have been identified mostly from herpesviruses and this rapidly evolving field has recently been summarized in a number of excellent reviews (see [1,2]). Unique to γ-herpesviruses, like Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus, is their ability to cause cancer. Here, we discuss γ-herpesvirus-encoded miRNAs and focus on recent findings which support the hypothesis that viral miRNAs directly contribute to pathogenesis and tumorigenesis.…

Volume 3, Issue 3, 01 June 2013, Pp 266-275
Ying Zhu | Irina Haecker | Yajie Yang | Shou Jiang Gao | Rolf Renne

The major role of viruses in cellular evolution: Facts and hypotheses

Viral particles are much more abundant than cells and viral genes outnumber cellular ones in the biosphere. Cellular genomes also harbour many integrated viruses whereas cellular genes are rare in viral genomes. The gene flux from virus to cell is thus overwhelming if compared with the opposite event. Novel viral genes continuously arose during replication/recombination of viral genomes in the virocell. These genes can become 'cellular genes' when viral genomes integrate into cellular ones.…

Volume 3, Issue 5, 01 January 2013, Pp 558-565
Patrick Forterre | David Prangishvili

Networks of evolutionary interactions underlying the polyphyletic origin of ssDNA viruses

Viruses with single-stranded (ss) DNA genomes infect hosts from all three domains of life and are present in all imaginable environments. Many new ssDNA viruses have been recently isolated, including those infecting algae, fungi, insects and even archaea. In parallel, culture-independent metagenomic approaches have illuminated the tremendous genetic diversity of these viruses, yielding valuable insights into their evolution. Here, I integrate this knowledge to propose a scenario in which…

Volume 3, Issue 5, 11 July 2013, Pp 578-586
Mart Krupovic

Latent papillomavirus infections and their regulation

Model systems show that papillomavirus DNA can persist after lesion-regression, and be maintained in a subset of epithelial basal cells. These are very likely long-lived 'stem-cells' or 'stem-like cells', with latency arising via at least two distinct mechanisms. The first involves low-titre virus infection and the retention of viral DNA at levels that are too low to allow life-cycle completion. The second involves lesion-formation, and clearance by the adaptive immune system, followed by…

Volume 3, Issue 4, 01 January 2013, Pp 416-421
John Doorbar


cosy homes for creative people and travellers in  sicily

Casa del forte - courtyard Apartment A

A former Fisherman House in the Ortigia Island, the center of Syracuse and at walking distance from everything you want to do and see.

Concrete and ceramic tiles, local limestone, architectural hand made coloured details come together in a bright  soft light filled house with the breeze from the sea that is just in front. All the windows are blue painted as the typical Mediterranean Island Houses

The Apartment A has a living room with a Kitchen island and is facing an intimate cosy typical Sicilian courtyard.

The night zone has a bedroom with an alcove bed and a giant "arabescato" Carrara marble slab divides the space from the bathroom with a shower.

The Terrace has the size of a small plaza and has the same atmosphere of a typical "piazzetta" facing the sea. it is shared with the small studio in the same property and you will have a dedicated area for you with your private table and deck chairs.

The lime stone from Modica is the same used in the near by castle and is a virtual extension of the "Forte San Giovannello" pedestrian path.

You will enjoy breakfast and dinners under the moon light and with the sound of the calm waves of the Mediterranean Sea.

Opposite to the pure shape of the circle, a wall is covered with white and blue hand made ceramic tiles, handcrafted in the Sicilian town of Cartagiorone, with an organic pattern inspired by Ellsworth Kelly shapes that recreates a calm waves movement.

Traditional and contemporary, this is a stylish option in the heart of the enchanting island of Ortigia, the old city center of Syracuse.

This house has been refurbished in 2017.

Can fit max 4 people: bedroom: queen size bed - living room: sofa bed

Nespresso coffe machine, microwaves, fridge, refrigerator, kitchen, iron, wifi, bed linens and towels.

Baby pack on request with cradle and highchair. Shuttle services  to and from Catania airport with additional surcharge.


What is Cucumber?

In other words cucumber aids following business capabilities.

  1. Acceptance test driven development – ATDD
  2. Behavior Test driven development – BDD
  3. Test driven development – TDD

And following technical capabilites

  1. Scaffolding for building a test automation framework
  2. Externalize data through strings and data tables
  3. Powerful parser that lets us do regular expression magic
  4. Html reports
  5. Alignment with Continuous Test Automation (+ci/cd)

What programming languages does cucumber support?

Cucumber works with Ruby, Java, .NET, Flex or web applications written in any language. It has been translated to over 40 spoken languages.Cucumber also supports more succinct tests in tables – similar to what FIT does.

What is ATDD?

Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD) is a development methodology based on communication between the business customers, the developers, and the testers.ATDD encompasses many of the same practices as Specification by Example,Behavior Driven Development (BDD), Example-Driven Development (EDD),and Story Test-Driven Development (SDD).All these processes aid developers and testers in understanding the customer’s needs prior to implementation and allow customers to be able to converse in their own domain language

ATDD overview

What is TDD?

What is BDD?

In software engineering, behavior-driven development (abbreviated BDD) is a software development process based on test-driven development (TDD). Behavior-driven development combines the general techniques and principles of TDD with ideas from domain-driven design and object-oriented analysis and design to provide software development and management teams with shared tools and a shared process to collaborate on software development.

Cucumber is a very popular BDD tool. This website will use Cucumber as the framework both for expressing application behavior and also as a testing framework wherever applicable. As we know the choice of a framework really depends on the programming language we choose and what other frameworks exist in the market. But after working with Java, Ruby and .NET, JS stacks for a while, we have cucumber like frameworks almost every stack.

The creator of Cucumber, Aslak wrote an article in terms of what Cucumber is supposed to be used for and how testing Community has misused it in some areas. Here is the article – I won’t paraphrase, it is already so well written.

The summary is to say Cucumber is a collaboration tool NOT a test tool like TestNG for example.


Topics-Android app builder , android development , Android device , Android Notifier , Mobile Apps , mobile web , Phone , SDK for iPhone

10 best tools for Java application developers

By | August 24, 2017

Currently, Java is more popular than other programming languages. It is also a programming language widely used by developers for creating desktop GUI applications, web applications, web services, and mobile applications. But developers still need robust frameworks, IDEs, and development tools to write Java applications quickly and efficiently. Each developer also has the ability to choose between many Java frameworks, IDEs and development tools according to their specific needs.
Overview of 10 Java frameworks, IDEs and commonly used development tools

1) Spring MVC
Spring is one of the adult and popular Java web frameworks available on the market. In addition to supporting the Model View Controller (MVC) software development paradigm, Spring also simplifies common programming tasks such as database integration, web service creation and security. Programmers also have the ability to use Spring Boot to create Java web applications that can be implemented without complicated XML configurations. Spring Boot also features a set of features ready for production like health checks, statistics and external configurations. The latest version of the framework also comes with a command tool that allows the programmers to run Groovy scripts, and the web application prototype is used quickly using spring.

2) JavaServer Faces Technology (JSF)

Oracle has developed JavaServer Faces Technology (JSF) as the official Java EE web framework. The framework developed through the Java community process helps programmers quickly create user interface to create user interfaces. This allows users to quickly create websites by keeping the presentation layer separate from the application logic. Developers can even use JavaServer Faces UI component tags to connect application logic and project presentation layers without writing additional code. Community members also regularly offer new JavaServer Faces APIs to simplify Java Web Application development.

3) Vaadin
Vaadin makes it easy for programmers to write one page web application server components in Java. Developers can also use Vaadin to develop web interfaces with HTML. You can also benefit from the solid Vaadin Elements that contain a variety of custom HTML elements for business applications. You can even use components like charts, data rosters and combo boxes to expand the Google Polymer library. The tools offered by Vaadin Pro help developers make their web applications more interactive and mobile while significantly reducing coding time.

4) Google Web Toolkit (GWT)
The Google Web Toolkit helps developers to make web applications more responsive by creating JavaScript in JavaScript. Because JavaScript is compatible with any modern web browser, it compares accessibility and performance of the website. The GWD SDK contains a compiler and a development server, along with the main Java APIs and widgets. With these components, developers can write applications in Java and then implement the frontend code as JavaScript. At the same time, the GWT compiler optimizes the code base by eliminating the death code and reducing performance bumps.

5) Grails
Grails is a version of Ruby on Rails for the Java platform written in Groovy programming language. Programmers can integrate Grails seamlessly with the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). They also have the ability to expand and improve the framework by making custom plugins or using existing plug-ins. At the same time, they can also benefit from various advanced features provided by the framework, including NoSQL support, integrated ORM, asynchronous programming and compilation time meta programming. Users can also use domain-specific languages for query, validation, and markup rendering.

6) Game frame
In addition to an MVC web framework, Play is also designed with features to simplify the development of web services. The framework also supports multiple JVM-based programming languages, including Java and Scala. Functions like stateless services and asynchronous I / O make Play different from other Java web frameworks. Users can also use the framework update code feature to monitor the impact of changes made to the code immediately, without having to re-build the entire project or restart. Game, programmers can provide a wide range of plug-ins, use test tools and development environments and help developers to create scalable Web applications.

7) Dropwizard
As a modern and lightweight framework, Dropwizard helps developers build and deploy Java web applications and web services. It focuses on glue between different components to provide an integrated development experience for programmers. The latest version of Dropwizard also offers benefits of new features included in Java 8 to improve application compatibility and security. In addition, programmers can monitor and evaluate code behavior in production environments that use metric libraries.

8) Eclipse
The open source IDE is written in Java and is designed with features to simplify the development of a variety of Java applications. It is compatible with major platforms including Windows, Linux and OS X users. Eclipse can easily customize to your specific needs by using a wide range of plug-ins and extensions. They can even use some useful features provided by Eclipse, including Windows Builder, XML editors and tools, Maven Integration, Git Task Provider Mylyn task list and code development tools.

9) NetBeans
The open source IDE is written in Java, allowing developers to create desktop, web and mobile applications with Java. In addition to the cross platform, NetBeans also supports a variety of programming languages alongside Java. Users can additionally have a variety of Java applications to build efficiently by utilizing the robust features provided by NetBeans, including fast and intelligent code editing, graphical user interface development tools, static analysis tools, debugger and Profiler. NetBeans also makes it easy for programmers to upgrade their existing applications to Java 8.

10) JSource
Despite being lightweight IDE, JSource contains features to facilitate the development of applications on the platform with Java. It is also fully developed with the Swing component. JSource is also designed with features to efficiently help programmers type Java files, edit, compile and execute. However, it supports syntax highlighting for several programming languages besides Java. Java programmers also have the ability to integrate JSource with other frameworks and development tools commonly used in Java.

Final word
In general, Java developers have the ability to choose from many frameworks, IDEs, and development tools. However, each tool can not complement all the needs of each project. Therefore, the developer must choose the appropriate Java development tools according to the requirements of individual projects. You can even consider combining these frameworks, IDEs, and development tools to improve the functionality and performance of Java applications.

Related posts:


How to isolate node.js for real good

Per Aspera

All the way through my career I was using nvm for managing node.js versions. I was completely happy with it for the task of developing different projects with different node.js versions. Things were going smoothly.

But recently I started working on Jenkins based CI for our front end projects. First thought was to use nvm as well. But it turned out to be a nightmare.

First I configured everything and it was running as expected. But when I turned on builds and tests for pull requests something went wrong. In my way to the truth, I was almost lost because I couldn't see any pattern at first: some builds were passing while others were failing without any meaningful message. But at some point, I understood that when there were major differences in package.json file for dependencies it was behaving super weird. So I finally realized that it was using the same node & npm so each concurrent build was installing its own dependencies.

Ad Astra

So I tried to find a solution for the problem. And I encountered it in nodeenv project by Eugene Kalinin. It works as Python virtualenv does. You create a folder for the environment and it holds all the information for your libs and other stuff installed leaving global/nvm environment not polluted.

In order to use it, you should have Python installed. Run sudo easy_install nodeenv or pip install nodeenv if you have pip installed (you can use it in Python virtualenv as well). To list available node versions run nodeenv --list. To install node into folder run
nodeenv -n 6.11.1 --prebuilt <env path>. After installing environment into the folder you can either run node/npm and other globally installed executables with <env path>/bin/node or you can activate environment with . <env path>/bin/activate. After activating the environment node & npm executables will refer to the environment ones.

So using this approach you can easily have isolated node environment for each build. As well you can use it instead of nvm for project development.


Supramolecular Polymers

Supramolecular Polymers, Second Edition details assembly processes and structure-function correlation in natural and synthetic self-assembling materials, focusing on developments occurred over the past five years. The book highlights developments in the synthesis of complex structures, chemical design principles, and theoretical models of growth processes resulting in an increasingly accurate prediction of stability, degree of polymerization, and shape of various assemblies. It focuses on the rich variety of properties, functions, and applications of self-assembling supramolecular polymers. Supramolecular Polymers, Second Edition ties together potential applications such as those of nanostructures with dynamic-combinatorial-adaptive self-healing features, opto-electronic devices, supramolecular amphiphiles, hydrogels, organic/inorganic nanocomposites, molecular biosensors, molecular imprinting, molecular engines, templates for superlattices with prescribed symmetry. Several chapters of the first edition have been updated or rewritten, and an equal number of new chapters have been added. More than 500 drawings, photographs, micrographs, equations, and tables enhance and reinforce essential concepts presented in the book. Authored by an expert in polymer mechanics, biopolymers, liquid crystals, and supramolecular assemblies, Supramolecular Polymers, Second Edition emphasizes fundamental principles at the basis of bottom-up nanotechnology, chemical design strategies, and exciting applications for various self-assembling materials for a unified and cutting-edge account of the field.


All posts tagged: Dean Smith

Photo: jbdodane/Flickr

Impact of divorce on teens

I was reading an article about a young teen, William Cornick, 15, from England who stabbed his teacher to death in front of his classmates in 2014. The incident shocked people across England. William was doing exceptionally well academically. He seemed like a normal, well-adjusted boy. Police found the family to be loving, caring and involved in William’s life. They could find no reason that would explain the murder of a teacher. I had to read several articles before I discovered a single line, buried at the bottom of an article that said his parents had divorced. Is it possible, this one fact hidden in dozens of pages written on this horrific attack was the reason for this violent murder? In a previous article, Studies reveal the negative impact of divorce on children, I looked at the impact of divorce on children from a report written by Rebecca O’Neill in 2001 for England’s Institute for the Study of Civil Society based in London. O’Neill looked at the vast amount of research on the profound impact absent fathers …

Las Cruces, New Mexico, Photo: Flickr/Joseph j7uy5

Two New Mexico churches bombed

It hasn’t received much press. I guess if there is no blood or gore, most in the media are not that interested. Two churches in La Cruces, New Mexico had bombs explode outside their buildings a half an hour part on Sunday morning, August 2, 2015. With a population of 101,000, La Cruces also called the “City of the Crosses” is the second largest city in New Mexico. The first bomb exploded in the mail box of Calvary Baptist Church at about 8:20 am. The service hadn’t started yet and though there were 30 people inside, no one was injured. The second bomb exploded about a half an hour later at the nearby Holy Cross Catholic Church. This bomb detonated in front of the church’s heavy glass doors shattering the glass as a communion service was underway attended by Monseigneur John Anderson. Dennis Llewellyn who attends Calvary Baptist is a former member of the US Marine’s special forces. He knew immediately it was bomb stating, “it was a real bomb, I saw all the parts,” …

St Louis, MO photo: Ron/Flickr

Holy Spirit speaks to St. Louis police officer saving his life from an ‘ambush’

When the magi came to Judah looking for the Messiah, they first dropped in to visit King Herod to find out more information about a new king, who’s star they had seen. After hearing their story, Herod sent them on their way but asked his visitors to drop back to report on their findings. After tracking down Jesus in Bethlehem, God warned the magi through a dream not to return to Herod (Matthew 2:12), so they took a different route home. God spoke to them and by simply obeying this prompting, it provided a very practical way of avoiding danger to both themselves and even Christ from a king who many consider a psychopath. In an interview with NewsChannel 5, the unnamed St. Louis police officer told his story of how the Holy Spirit prompted him to do something and because the officer obeyed he is alive today. During the interview the policeman’s identity was purposefully hidden to avoid retribution on his family as a case is pending in court. On July 14, 2015, the …

Did the Bible predict the searing heat in the Middle East?

How 38 became 100: The Global Warming math

Oldest known Gospel fragment found inside a Mummy mask?

[by Dean Smith] For the average person in first century AD, mummy masks used to cover the face of the deceased were made from layers of papyri, glued together and shaped to look like the person’s face. Only the rich and famous could afford the finer plaster masks. And with papyrus being pricey, previously used papyrus was the material of choice. Nothing was sacred. They would use everything from philosophical discussions to letters, business documents and apparently even Biblical texts.

How Leonard Knight’s dream became Salvation Mountain

Does clean, unclean describe bacteria?

[by Dean Smith] Bacteria wasn’t discovered until 1676, when using a single-lens microscope he had built, Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw the world of microscopic creatures. At the time, some wondered if these invisible creatures could be responsible for disease transmission. This theory was not fully developed until Italian Agostino Bassi conducted a series of tests between 1808 and 1813 that showed these invisible creatures or bacteria were directly responsible for disease. However, centuries earlier when you look at the Old Testament we see an understanding of Leeuwenhoek’s discovery in practice through clean and unclean.


In a Softball Slump? Here are a few tricks to get back in the game!!

It's that time of the year again!! It's softball season! But are you stuck in a slump? A bit off your game? If you follow a few of these tips, you will be back in the game like never before!

Regaining your Speed

One completely foolproof trick to getting back in the game with your speed is doing a lot of sprints in between the length of the correct length of the bases, time yourself, and try to improve every time you do it. If your time continues to improve, you will regain speed. But this does take time and effort. You need to make sure that you are running correctly as well. If you do not run the right way, such as using your arms and taking long, fast strides, you will not be able to run fast enough for your true potential. But when you use these techniques, not only will you run fast, but you will run fast the correct way. These are a few ways to get faster.

Hitting Again

Practice on your own throwing a ball in the air and keeping your eye on the ball throughout your entire swing. Also, make sure you don't bend your arms during your swing. You need to keep you arms straight when the bat makes contact with the softball. If you do not keep your arms straight, not only will the ball not go in the right direction, but you also will not be able to use all your strength. When you straighten your arms, you will be able to use more strength, and control the direction of where the ball is going. Also, you need to use good hand-eye coordination. You need to swing directly on the ball, and make sure you are not swinging at a bad pitch. Here are a few tips to re-learn how to bat after the off-season.

Catching the Ball

If the ball is too hard to catch, practice catching on your own. Also, make sure you squeeze the ball when you catch it. If you are uncomfortable catching the ball with the mitt on your hand, keep practicing. And make sure that your mitt is the correct size for your hand, and where your position is on the field. An outfielder should not have the same mitt as a catcher, because it may be a bit harder to catch something such as a pop fly. If you play in more than one position, I would suggest getting a mitt for the position you play the most. But most importantly, if you are a right handed, don't get a lefty mitt! You should get a mitt for your non dominate hand, and have your dominant hand free to throw. And I would suggest breaking into your mitt before a game so that you get used to it, and getting it more comfortable on your hand. These are a few tips to get back in your defensive game.

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The Ten MostOutrageous LinsitinibPTC-209Nilotinib Tricks... And Ways To Use Them!

6%; Figs. two and ?and3).3). The age group of 21 to 30 years overall accounted for 41.8% of your sample age range. According to the etiology and sex distribution, males constituted the vast majority of victims in RTA and IPV. On the other hand, an equal incidence of falls was observed amongst the sexes. Nilotinib The age variety of the sample was 17.six years, and the normal age was 31.7��9.8 (typical deviation). Vetter et al observed that males attained the vast majority (74%), and females accounted for 26%, creating the ratio just about three:1. The common age was years with a choice of 4 to 82 many years.15 Subhashraj et al also observed that males attained the vast majority (78.7%) with females accounting for 21.3% of the sample and also the 20- to 29-year-old age group had been maximally affected (31%). The male-to-female ratio was 3.

7:1, as well as a increased incidence of fractures was noted between the men than gals, the ratio becoming three to 6.1:1.16 Iida et al, who analyzed 1502 individuals with facial fractures, demonstrated Linsitinib Sigma a male vast majority of 73.9%, with females accounting for that rest. A total of 665 patients (44.3%) had been amongst 15 and 24 many years of age, as well as biggest subgroup was 10 to 19 years for both the sexes.19 It might be observed that our effects practically concur with those of previous studies. With regard to fracture pattern, 44.2% of cases were isolated ZM complicated fractures, as well as remaining had associated facial fractures (Table 3). The complete amount of fractures documented was 316, of which 222 were purely related to the ZM complicated; nonetheless, 11 had been confined only for the midface. RTA and IPV appeared to be main leads to of injury with a powerful male predilection.

Females, owing to age, relative physical weakness, and lesser agility, appeared more susceptible to falls. Fifty-three scenarios had concomitant decrease jaw fractures, totaling 83 (Table 4); the parasymphysis (28 fractures) and condyle (eleven fractures) have been most BMI-1 affected by RTA. We had 7 parasymphysis fractures because of IPV; on the other hand, the angle had lesser predilection (four fractures). The symphysis (four fractures) was maximally affected by falls, followed by the parasymphysis, entire body, and condyle (two every). Conversely, with an etiology-site correlation, RTA accounted for 53 fractures from the reduced jaw, followed by IPV and falls (i.e., 14 and 10, respectively). Ophthalmic injuries, like subconjunctival hemorrhage (26.82%) and microhyphema, occurred in thirty.

52% on the sample and have been managed conservatively under expert health-related supervision (Table five). Jamal et al analyzed 96 sufferers with ZM complex fractures and observed a 55% incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage in 66.6% of your examine sample.twenty Nonetheless, diplopia or traumatic optic neuropathy was not observed in any of our individuals. The main reason for such a big discrepancy inside the incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage could be that a vast vast majority of midface fractures involved the ZM complex frequently at the FZ suture.


Responsible 40B development in Medway

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Members of the ZBA,

You have a difficult task in front of you in reviewing and conditioning the Timber Crest 40B application.  Providing affordable housing is a laudable goal but needs to be balanced with protecting the existing community, natural resources, and ensuring that any burden created by the development is not unfairly born by any individual party.

Concerns and Comments are as follows:

1.      In the most recent 4/19/2017 ZBA meeting, Timber Crest expressed they would be unwilling to remove lots because they were concerned with losing additional lots during the subsequent Notice of Intent phase with the Conservation Commission which is likely to follow the ZBA process.  The Zoning board should not be concerned with what may or may not be determined or negotiated during the next stage of the process.  The ZBA should make decisions based on what is currently being submitted, in the best interest of the town.

2.      The current plan set incorrectly identifies a perennial stream as intermittent on the eastern portion.  The proper designation of the stream could make several lots unbuildable.  If a comprehensive permit is to be issued for the project, we recommend a condition that protects the respective lots unless the developer is able to prove the stream is in fact not perennial.

3.      If a comprehensive permit is to be issued for the project, we recommend a condition that prohibits building on lots 73, 74, and 75 (eastern portion).  Building on these lots would provide an abrupt transition from 1 acre residential zoning to a high-density development, uncharacteristic of the existing surroundings.  Additionally, any structures built on lots 73 and 74 would create an excessive burden on the existing 21 Fairway Lane property, given its close proximity to the project border, and the fact it is already burdened by one of the proposed access roadways for the eastern side of the development.  It is worth noting this proposed roadway is slated to replace the existing driveway for this residence.

 4.      It is recommended that the eastern side ‘cell block’ set of lots (91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, and 98) be broken up by eliminating, at a minimum, lots 93 and 94.  The current plan creates 17 abutters to the existing 167 Holliston Street property.  Lots 93 and 94 could be turned into open space to address the recreational needs caused by the tiny lots in this area of the development, while simultaneously reducing the burden on the 167 Holliston Street property.

5.      Proposed sewage lift stations behind Fairway Lane are located adjacent to wetlands and streams that feed directly into Lake Winthrop in Holliston, a popular recreation area utilized for fishing and swimming.  The ZBA should ensure that if the project is approved, conditions are in place to ensure that the proposed homeowner’s association will be able to adequately maintain and upgrade the respective equipment (pumps, generators, fuel storage containers, etc.) in the years to come to ensure there are no contamination issues in this highly sensitive area.  This maintenance / liability should not be allowed to become a future burden to the town.

6.      While the developer’s proposed changes to Holliston Street to improve sight distance address an existing condition and will benefit the area as a whole, it cannot be overlooked that the proposed Timber Crest development and respective access roadway at this location will still make an existing hazardous location that much more treacherous.  If a comprehensive permit is to be issued for this project, we strongly recommend it be conditioned such that no work on the eastern side of the development be allowed to commence unless the developer’s current proposed changes to Holliston Street are completed in full.

7.      If a comprehensive permit is to be issued for the project, we recommend a condition that upholds a 30ft wide green belt wherever the project abuts other residential or residentially zoned property as specified in Medway’s “Rules and Standards for Comprehensive Permit Applications Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 40B” dated 9/20/2004.  On a project of this size, providing at a minimum a 30ft green buffer should not be an issue.

 Final Thoughts:

The concept of economic feasibility comes up often in 40B projects.  Timber Crest is in effect threading a needle in their attempt to develop all of the uplands located on a very wet property (eastern portion).  While the ZBA cannot impose restrictions to make a project economically unfeasible, it also is not responsible for the business decisions of the developer.  The ZBA needs to balance the interests of affordable housing, environmental impact, rights of abutters, and the community as whole.  Removing the previously identified lots and providing a modest buffer to any direct abutters is a reasonable compromise.  If the profitability of a project this large (~150 homes!) hinges on whether or not a hand full of lots are removed or not, one needs to question whether Timber Crest is capable of taking on the project in the first place.  We think it should be noted that this project could easily be feasible as well as profitable at a much smaller scale.

Thank you for taking the time to consider these items while reviewing / conditioning the Timber Crest 40b application.

Concerned Citizens of Medway

Today: Andrew is counting on you

Andrew Hamilton needs your help with “Medway Zoning Board of Appeals: Responsible 40B development in Medway.”. Join Andrew and 203 supporters today.


Gov. Norm Bangerter rallied his forces Monday and got senators to approve his state spending limitation bill, 17-11, only a short time after they had voted it down.

A critic of the bill, Sen. Lorin Pace, R-Salt Lake, said it is meaningless since Bangerter and the Legislature have approved budgets that fall within the bill's parameters. The bill says state government can't grow any faster than does the population and inflation. "This bill doesn't do anything. And if we have any fiscal emergency, we can and will just put the law aside," which the bill allows, said Pace.But it was a campaign promise made by the governor, and he got enough of his Republican colleagues to carry the day. The bill now goes to him for his signature.

The spending limitation bill is just one of several bills reflecting Bangerter's six-point tax limitation plan announced during last year's election. The governor also promised to freeze property taxes. Last week House members, a bit confused, refused to allow Bangerter's tax freeze bill to be introduced.

Monday, Bangerter met with GOP legislative leaders and they promised, once again, that the bill will be heard. "If the House won't introduce it, the Senate will," said Senate President Arnold Christensen, R-Sandy.

House Majority Leader Craig Moody, R-Sandy, said senators had to pass the state spending limitation bill before he'd move to introduce Bangerter's property tax bill.

- SENATORS ALSO APPROVED changes in the Circuit Breaker law giving property tax relief to the poor and elderly. The House has passed a different version, that costs about $500,000 less, but the bill's sponsor, Sen. Haven Barlow, R-Layton, believes his measure will ultimately be adopted.

Barlow's bill would increase the maximum amount of property tax credit allowed the poor be increased from the current $300 a year to $400. It also increases the minimum income under which a person can apply for relief from $11,900 to $15,000. The minimum credit remains the same at that top income allowed, $50.

Bangerter, as part of his six-point plan, asked that the Circuit Breaker relief be increased from $1 million a year to $2 million. Barlow's increases the total relief from $1 million to $2.5 million, and both the Senate and House Republican caucuses agree with that amount of new relief, Barlow said.


IRD, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development

The French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) is a science and technology establishment whose mission is to advance sustainable and human development through research. It is a major player on the international development agenda. Its model of fair scientific partnership with developing countries is unique in the world.
Here is the (rejected) design identity proposal we created.
The logo is based on the growing composition of the letters "IRD" which refers directly to the idea of development. The word seems to complete the drawing of the circle, as if to fill the missing part of the world. The idea of progression appears in the open tracing of the circle as a loading process, an evolution towards progress.
Later on in the graphic chart, the logo is positioned in between North and South, illustrating the idea of "sharing science", and allowing to value the incredible iconographic background of the IRD.
The whole project is accompanied with the baseline "Sharing science - Progressing humanity"

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What is an Essential Oil?

If you have ever smelled a rose, you’ve experienced the aromatic qualities of essential oils. These naturally occurring, volatile aromatic compounds are found in the seeds, bark, stems, roots, flowers, and other parts of plants. And guess what?  All plants have essential oils! They can be powerfully fragrant. Essential oils give plants their distinctive smells, essential oils protect plants and play a role in plant pollination. In addition to their intrinsic benefits to plants and their fragrance, essential oils have long been used for food preparation, beauty treatment, and health-care practices.

But what exactly is a volatile aromatic compound? In short, these compounds are small organic molecules that tend to change quickly from their solid or liquid state to a gas at room temperature. They are called volatile because they change state quickly. When you first open a bottle of essential oil, you instantly notice that the aroma is potent and you can smell it typically even from some distance. The physical and chemical properties of the compounds that compose essential oils allow them to quickly move through the air and directly interact with the olfactory sensors in the nose. Psst..did you know you sense of smell is your most powerful of your 5 senses? Such unique properties make essential oils ideal for applications inclusion in aromatherapy – using these compounds from plants to help maintain a healthy mind and body – as well as other applications. The type of volatile aromatic compounds present in an essential oil determines both the oil’s aroma and the benefits it offers.

Download Free Plans for a Double Sliding Barn Door!

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Wiring Assembler

Duluth, Minnesota
Manufacturing & Production
Job Type
US$ 11.22 per hour, $11.22 - 11.22 per hour + none
Ref. Number
Kvale, Sarah, Spherion
Apply Now

Job Description

Spherion is currently looking for Wiring Assemblers to start immediately at a local company in Duluth, MN. The Wiring Assembler is a full-time 40 hours per week position with flexible shifts. Shifts could be 10 hour shifts 4 days a week OR 8 hour shifts 5 days of the week. This opportunity is temp-to-hire upon performance review and offers benefits to perm employees such as: paid holidays, medical insurance, and a flexible schedule.

The Wiring Assembler will perform repetitive workstation or line assembly operations in fabricating electronic devices (components), to mass-produce cables and wire harnesses, by performing the following duties:
--Performs processes to complete electrical assemblies using hand tools.
--Performs crimping, tinning, and soldering.
--Maintains the work area and equipment in a clean and orderly condition and follows prescribed safety regulations.
--Completes tasks as directed by manufacturing schedules or as assigned.

Skills and Qualifications:
--High School education or equivalent; or at least 6 months of continuous employment with one employer.
--Ability to read and interpret documents such as process instructions. Ability to communicate effectively with coworkers.
--Ability to add and subtract two digit numbers and to multiply and divide with 10's and 100's. Ability to perform these operations using units of American weight measurement, volume, and distance.
--Ability to apply commonsense understanding to carry out detailed and involved written or oral instructions. Ability to deal with problems involving a few concrete variables in standardized situations.

Working hours: 8:00am-4:30pm

PHYSICAL DEMANDS: While performing the duties of this job, the employee is regularly required to stand. The employee frequently is required to use hand to finger movements, handle objects, tools, or controls, and climb or balance. The employee is occasionally required to walk; reach with hands and arms, stoop, kneel, crouch, or crawl, and talk or hear. The employee must regularly lift and/or move up to 10 pounds, frequently lift and/or move up to 25 pounds, and occasionally lift and/or move up to 50 pounds. Specific vision abilities required by this job include close vision, peripheral vision, depth perception, the ability to adjust focus, and the ability to distinguish between colors.

WORK ENVIRONMENT: While performing the duties of this job, the employee is regularly exposed to fumes or airborne particles. The employee is frequently exposed to electronically powered moving mechanical parts. The employee is occasionally exposed to toxic or caustic chemicals. The noise level in the work environment is usually moderate.

The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential function of this job and the work environment characteristics described here are representative of those an employee encounters while performing the essential functions of this job. . Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.

Apply Now


How You Can Benefit From A Dedicated Seo Agency [North Carolina]

Your father has finally retired, sold the family home in Raleigh, and gone to live in Pinehurst to play golf all day. He toiled for more than 30 years building up his fishing & camping supply store and ultimately he sold it to you for a song simply because he could not bear the thought of selling it to a stranger. Now that you are at the reins you realize that some changes need to be made. And the first thing that needs to happen is some kind of website. You are the first to admit that you don’t know a lot in regards to the internet, but even you understand enough to realize that your father’s reluctance to have anything to do with it cost him some ground to his competitors particularly over the last several years. You are not certain where to begin and you do not want your lack of web savvy to end up getting you scammed – you would never hear the end of it from dad. You really need to sit down with a good Raleigh web design firm and ask some questions.

## I know how to send emails and search the internet like anyone else but that is about the extent of my internet skills. I don’t even have a Facebook. Am I going to be hopelessly out of my depth?

There’ll be a lot of information and terminology which won’t mean much to you in the beginning but a good Raleigh web design company should be able to explain it in simple English. If you’ve got no online expertise at all, what you are needing is some kind of all inclusive turnkey package wherein your web design firm will start from scratch and ultimately deliver a fully functional site.

## What sorts of things would be included in a ‘turnkey’ package deal?

A thorough web design firm, building a site from the ground up would want to deal with the following issues:

-domain name registration (which is to say registering the name of your website)

-hosting (arranging for a hosting company to keep the files on their server)

-web design

-keyword research/optimization (determining how best to position and configure your site for optimum results on the search engines like Google and Yahoo)

## How about internet marketing and advertising? Do I need to go to someone else for that sort of thing?

No, not necessarily. Many good web design firms should also be able to handle online advertising through programs such as Google AdWords and Facebook. If you find a firm that you like they should be able to not only birth your website but have a hand at raising it as well, ensuring that it grows into a healthy prosperous web presence.

## What is the most effective way to go about locating a good agency?

If you’re looking for a professional web design firm that clearly knows how to produce effective websites that rank well in the search engines it stands to reason that the best place to look is in the search engines. If you want to be able to sit down and talk to someone face to face narrow your searches to local results. In your case go online and Google “Raleigh Web Design” or perhaps “Raleigh Internet Marketing” or even “Seo Agency North Carolina” (SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization). Check out the sites that rank on the first page of results and start asking questions about their rates and services.

If you have a strong business with no online presence whatsoever, a skilled web design and internet marketing firm should easily be able to craft you an interesting, persuasive web presence that will more than recoup your investment in fairly short order; and that’s something even your dad can appreciate.

If you are looking for a talented knowledgeable website designer NC Raleigh’s o3strategies should be your first choice, experts in web design and search engine optimization|raleigh internet marketing|SEO lead generation. (919)324-3925

Related Posts:


ETH Zürich » Computer Science » Theory » Cryptography

Publications: Abstract

On the Impossibility of Extracting Classical Randomness Using a Quantum Computer

Yevgeniy Dodis and Renato Renner

In this work we initiate the question of whether quantum computers can provide us with an almost perfect source of classical randomness, and more generally, suffice for classical cryptographic tasks, such as encryption. Indeed, it was observed that classical computers are insufficient for either one of these tasks when all they have access to is a realistic imperfect source of randomness, such as the Santha-Vazirani source.

We answer this question in the negative, even in the following very restrictive model. We generously assume that quantum computation is error-free, and all the errors come in the measurements. We further assume that all the measurement errors are not only small but also detectable: namely, all that can happen is that with a small probability the (perfectly performed) measurement will result in some distinguished symbol (indicating an erasure).


OMG!!! Does He Not Care About Scratching His Own Car ?

Article Written by : Legendary Videos

Aggressive lane merging is the well-documented phenomenon in traffic, and is also ...

Aggressive lane merging is the well-documented phenomenon in traffic, and is also something we have all witnessed at one time or another.

Part of the reason why late merging is preferred to what is going on here, is because you are a lot less likely to get yourself in the tight and often, dangerous, fit.

It also helps reduce queue length and the difference in the speed between the two lanes, increasing safety.

And of course, safety seems to be the last thing on this driver’s mind, and as he persistently tries to slot his Commodore between a small trailer and the semi.

Some drivers tend to bully their way in when merging, but is that even the good idea when the vehicle you are trying to play chicken with is the large semi? Plus, if you are not careful, you might end up damaging your ride.


See: asylum, bulwark, haven, preservation, protection, refuge, safety, security, shelter, shield

References in classic literature ?
From the Yang family a maiden came, Glowing to womanhood a rose aflame, Reared in the inner sanctuary apart, Lost to the world, resistless to the heart; For beauty such as hers was hard to hide, And so, when summoned to the monarch's side, Her flashing eye and merry laugh had power To charm into pure gold the leaden hour; And through the paint and powder of the court All gathered to the sunshine that she brought.
Miss Emmerson had good sense enough to perceive the value of such an acquaintance for her ward; but, unfortunately for her wish to establish an intimacy between her nieces, Julia had already formed a friendship at school, and did not conceive her heart was large enough to admit two at the same time to its sanctuary.


The path of totality started at the eastern tip of South America, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, swung northeast through central Africa, and crossed the Mediterranean before hitting the southern coast of Turkey—the location of our group.

Detail Map of eclipse path near Side/Manavgat, Turkey. Our group was nearly on the centerline, at the point where the black line crosses the word "Side," right on the coast of the Mediterranean. Totality began at 13:54:58.0 Turkish Daylight Time at this point and lasted 3 minutes, 43.8 seconds.


Our Vessel

The Revolution is a Yard Patrol boat that was built for the US Navy in 1944. Yard Patrol boats were used by the Navy to teach familiarization with seamanship, research and navigation. It is one of 3 left in service from that era.

The Revolution is 62’ long and 18’ wide. Built during World War II, it has a large amount of history. It most recently worked as a tour boat in Boston Harbor and prior to that spent many years as a passenger ferry between the surrounding islands near Boothbay Harbor. Years earlier it served at a fire boat in NY Harbor.


1. (uncountable) The backs of camels.

- We travelled across the desert on camelback.

2. (countable) A flexible water container worn on the back.

- An empty camelback is a blessing and a curse: it is easy to carry, but it means you have no water.

3. (countable) A house with a second storey that does not completely cover the ground floor.

- My friend lived in a camelback; we used to have fun climbing out of the window onto the roof below.

4. (countable) A railway locomotive that has its cab in the middle as opposed to at the end.

- The camelbacks were designed to help with the visibility problems inherent in putting the driver behind the entire engine.

5. (countable) A camelback sofa or chair.

- He fell back relieved into his favourite camelback with a gin and tonic.

6. (uncountable) A type of rubber used in tyre restoration.

- We require four million tons of camelback each year.

- The camelback rubber produced in this plant is shipped around the world.


Major Issues Faced by Organizations Regarding Reward Management
Blog Categories:
New Blogs
Blog ID : 202986

 Major Issues Faced by Organizations Regarding Reward Management

Reward management is all about the strategic design, implementation, maintenance, communication, and management of the reward process; which helps and assists an organization to improve and achieve their pinpointed objectives. Reward management is related to the formulation and implementation of core strategies and policies which aim to reward and honor resources within an organization fairly, and consistently according to their value to the organization.

The core aim reward management sets is to devise a far

Sighted, holistic and logical structure based on which consistent rewards can be offered. Companies - irrespective of geographical boundaries - and verticals - are readily opting for newer methods to strategically channelize and integrate reward management practices within their existing process; but the fact is despite attempts; rewards management programs either fail to survive or live up to the desired expectations of companies. A number of reasons collectively play a crucial role and act as reasons why reward management practices usually face challenges . This article covers some of them.

 Major Issues Faced by Organizations Regarding Reward Management

Rewards are not usually understood by resources

A reward is usually given in a variety of ways; using sophisticated forms. However, the lack of articulated measures to inform the resources about the rewards and lack of understanding from the part of resources in understanding the reward often pose a major risk and work as a challenge in helping the rewards programs to shine.

Rewards not linked with company's business

While planning, and designing a reward system , it has often been noted that HRs work in isolation; and they might not necessarily convey the reward program of an employee with all stakeholder but with only selective few with whom they are comfortable with. So, the lack of board alignment between employee demands and employer expectations often pose major challenge of the reward management system.

Rewards not aligned with the job

Quite often; the reward is not matched with the job. An HR might be calculating the resources wrongly and aligning the reward with a different job. This actually creates confusions and the employee or the resource does not feel motivated.

Rewards not linked with a resource's individual needs

An employee expects a reward, which is aligned with his or her needs; and not necessarily always according to the speculation set by a company. The gap between expectation and reality and heavy over dependence of reward programming on data gathered from record is another reason employee rewards program often fail to achieve desired goal.

These are some of the most common challenges of employee reward program. Would you like to learn more about how to contain any reward challenges and devise far-sighted employee reward system? If yes, we recommend you visit Website NOW!

Category : Software

URL : https://shiftsapp.com/blog-detail/major-issues-faced-by-organizations-regarding-reward-management.html

Date Added : 5-7-2017


"By reducing underwater noise from pile driving by 20 dB, implementation of MCT’s technology could potentially reduce the Zone of Influence and required marine mammal monitoring, expedite consultation processes with the Services, and minimize construction delays due to the proximity of marine mammals."
Cameron Fisher, Biological Lead, 48 North Solutions, Inc.

Hear the difference


Chemistry coursework of enduring value.

Advanced Organic Chemistry: What can I say?

Chemistry coursework that was inadequate.

Coursework outside of chemistry that has been of enduring value.

One of my work duties is to give safety training on the principles of electrostatic safety: ESD training we call it. The group of people who go through my training are new employees. These folks come from all walks of life with education ranging from high school/GED to BS chemists & engineers to PhD chemists. In order to be compliant with OSHA and with what we understand to be best practices, we give personnel who will be working with chemicals extensive training in all of the customary environmental, health and safety areas.

I have instructed perhaps 80 to 100 people in the last 6 years. At the beginning of each session I query the group for their backgrounds and ask if it includes any electricity or electronics study or hobbies. With the exception of two electricians in the group, this survey has turned up a resounding zero positive responses.

Admittedly, there could be some selection bias here. It could be that people with electrical knowledge generally do not end up in the chemical industry. My informal observations support this. But I’m not referring to experts in the electrical field. I refer to people who recall having ever heard of Ohm’s law. One might have guessed that the science requirements for high school graduation may have included rudimentary electrical concepts. One might have further suspected that hobby electronics could have occupied the earlier years of a few attendees. Evidently not. And it does not appear that parents have been very influential in this matter either.

I’m struggling to be circumspect rather than righteous. It is not necessary for any given individual to have learned any particular field of study. It is not even necessary for most people to have studied electricity. But it is important for a core of individuals to have done so. So, where are they? And why aren’t more people curious enough to strike out on their own in the acquisition of electrical knowledge?

Back to electrostatics. In order to have a working grasp of electrostatic principles, the concept of the Coulomb has to be conveyed. Why the Coulomb? Because it is the missing piece that renders electrostatic concepts as mechanistic. It is my contention that a mechanistic grasp of anything can help a person to reason their way through a question. The alternative is rote memorization. The mechanistic approach is what drives learning in the natural sciences.

To be safe but still effective as an employee, a person needs to be able to discriminate what will and what will not generate and hold static charge to at least some degree in a novel circumstance. By that I mean how accumulated or stranded charge can form and what kind of materials can be effectively grounded. If you are working with bulk flammables, your reflexes need to be primed continuously to recognize a faulty ground path in the equipment around you. At the point of operation, somebody’s head has to be on a swivel looking for off-normal conditions.

It is possible to cause people to freeze in fear and over-react to unseen hazards like static electricity. But mindless spooking is a disservice to everyone. To work around flammable materials safely requires that a person understand and respect the operating boundaries of flammable material handling. Those boundaries are grounding and bonding (see NFPA 77), avoiding all ignition sources, good housekeeping, and maintaining an inert atmosphere over the flammable material.

Much of electrostatic safety in practice rests on awareness of the fire triangle and how to avoid constructing it.

Back to electrical education. There are numerous elements of a basic understanding of electricity that will aid in a person’s life, including safely working around flammable materials. One element is the concept of conduction and what kinds of materials conduct electric current. Another is the concept of a circuit and continuity. Voltage and its relationship to current follows from the previous concepts.

I would offer that the ability to operate software or computers is secondary to basic knowledge of how things work.

Connecting these ideas to electrostatics are the Coulomb and the Joule. One volt of potential will add one Joule of energy to one Coulomb of charges. One Ampere of current is one Coulomb of charges passing a point over one second. Finally, one Ohm is that resistance which will allow one Ampere of charge to move by the application of one volt.

For a given substance- dust or vapor- a minimum amount of energy (Joules) must be rapidly released in order to cause an ignition. This is referred to as MIE, Minimum Ignition Energy, and is commonly measured in milliJoules, mJ.

A discussion on sparking leads naturally into the concept of power as the rate of energy transfer in Watts (Joules per second), connecting to both the Joule and Ohm’s Law. Rapid energy transfer is better able to be incendive owing to the finite time needed for energy to disperse. Slow energy transfer may not be incendive simply because the energy needed to initiate and sustain combustion promptly disperses into the surroundings.

A discussion of energy and power is useful for a side discussion on how the electric company charges for energy in units of kilowatt hours (kWh). This is a connection of physics to money.

The overall point is that a rudimentary knowledge of electrical phenomena is of general use, even in the world of chemical manufacturing. I often hear people talk about the importance of “tech” in regard to K-12 education. By that they seem to say that using software is the critical skill.  I would offer that the ability to operate software or computers is secondary to basic knowledge of how things work. Anyone with a well rounded education should be able to learn to use software as they need it.

How to follow directions-

  1. Look at the person
  2. Say ‘OK’
  3. Do it

How to do anything-

  1. Start at the beginning
  2. Proceed through the middle
  3. Stop when finished

How to save electrical energy-

  1. When leaving an area, Turn Off the Goddamned Lights!

I’ll confess that I am especially peevish about the last instruction.

What instructions do you have to share, dear reader?

Of the 1332 posts I have polluted cyberspace with, the most frequently visited is a post on the topic of neutron lethargy written in May of 2008. The post is titled Neutron Lethargy- This Weeks Obscure Dimensionless Quantity. My intent was to write about some of the obscure yet interesting factoids and concepts that I run into in my daily travails.

I’ve been drawn to nuclear topics since junior high school. Sometime in 8th grade I began to to build several scientific projects as described in the Scientific American column The Amateur Scientist written by C.L. Stong. Stong published a collection of articles in a book titled The Scientific American Book of Projects for the Amateur Scientist, 1960, Simon and Shuster. This book was (is) a treasure trove of information on how to assemble equipment for scientific investigation.

In jr high I spent some time trying to assemble an “Atom Smasher” (p 344). It was an evacuated glass tube with filament electron source a meter away from the positively charged target. The target was a 3 x 1/4 inch disk of aluminum with many perforations over which aluminum foil would serve to seal in the vacuum. The aluminum foil was to serve as a window through which electrons could collide with a sample on the exterior. Sadly the project eventually ended due to the lack of access to a McLeod gauge, bulk mercury, and a diffusion pump. The required Van de Graff generator was available for a few hundred dollars. The failure was perhaps fortuitous because even if I had managed to assemble the thing, I might have been exposed to x-rays during the accelerator’s operation.

Turning my attention to more feasible projects I did manage to do some biology experiments. The most interesting was growing protozoans from an infusion of grass and soil in standing water. After several days the water would turn cloudy and fetid. Using a decent Christmas microscope we were able to view a magical world of microorganisms scooting around in their herky-jerky manner. It was mesmerizing.

A glove box project afforded a place for growing microorganisms with petri dishes purchased at a hobby shop. I was able to grow mold and some blend of bacteria on Jello in the petri dishes, but the microscope didn’t have the resolution for bacteria. Since I had no interest in pathogens, the glove box was not really needed. But it looked cool.

By 10th grade I did manage to successfully build the cloud chamber project (p 307). Unfortunately I only witnessed stray cosmic rays and background radiation. As it turned out, the polonium 210 alpha source loaned to me by a physics teacher had long since decayed to inactivity. Building the chamber was a tremendous learning experience made possible through the use of the metal shop at school. It was of sheet metal construction with a dry ice and methanol coolant chamber built in. The actual chamber was made from  the bottom quarter of a Folgers coffee can cut and fitted with a glass viewing port and Plexiglass illumination ports. As I recall, the most problematic aspect of the construction was finding an adhesive that would not detach at dry ice temperature.

An electromagnet was built in an attempt to bend the path of the particles by a magnetic field, but was wholly inadequate for the job. Learned another lesson there too.

The book by Stong was something that lit up my curiosity and put a fire in the belly to explore. This was the beginning of what turned out to be life-long career in science. Strangely, the total lack of interest by the adults around me only strengthened my resolve to build and learn.

Any questions?

The blog post by Terran Lane of the University of New Mexico provides a good example of the frustrations in academics today. Much of this is well plowed soil. I link to it because I think he is spot on about more than a few things.

The availability of external funding for the last 30 years has equipped American colleges and universities with a great deal of equipment and facilities. The availability of funding for grad students and post-docs has energized a vast educational complex that has come to depend on external grant money to maintain built up infrastructure. Naturally when an institution expands in good times, it finds itself top heavy in overhead when the good times end.

Ambitious people step forward when presented with the opportunity to grow programs and institutions when times are cash rich.  But when the cash influx begins to taper off, these same people find themselves in the position of having to decomission or dismantle parts of the very organization they helped to build.  It is hard for people in any circumstance to feel like they are moving forward when they have to make do with less.

One response to restricted university resources is to increase competition for teaching positions and tenure. Candidates with the best potential for winning grants are highly prized in any candidate search. The result of this is that professors today are burdened by administrative expectations in the hunt for resources in order to maintain close to what they already have.

Friends at PUI institutions are also feeling the heat, possibly due in part to the rise in undergraduate research programs that took off in the 1980’s.  Undergraduate research in chemistry, at least, has grown into an expectation rather than a plus. This brought the buzz saw of the grant machine into the grassy quads of many quiet institutions.

Certainly no untenured prof is going to throttle down their scholarly activity for the greater good of science funding.  Faculty will continue to struggle with this as long as grants are a major metric in rank and tenure.

Which brings me to my final point. Scientific knowledge as national treasure.  I am sifting through Chemical Abstracts Service data bases searching for something nearly every day. This resource of ours, scholarly and pragmatic knowledge, is one of the crown jewels of human civilization. It is the collective contribution of people and institutions going into the distant past and across the curved surface of our world.  We should cherish it for what it is- an archive of achievement, a repository of knowledge for application to future challenges, and a representation of the best of what we are capable of.

The notion that academia is the apex of the life intellectual has never been entirely true. You do not have to be in industry for very long before it becomes quite clear that there are a great many smart and creative people outside of academia. People who become professors are people who are in love with the very idea of the university and of higher education. We must find a way to allow research active faculty to throttle down the grant cycle just a bit so they may throw their energies into serving their institutions in the traditional manner. By service to  their students, to scholarship, and to the advance of civilization.

That said, it seems embarrassingly obvious to say that our academic institutions are a critical part of our civilization past, present, and future. But today our institutions are in peril of substantial decay if left to antagonistic legislators and fulminating demagogues bent on terminating programs in the name of social reconstruction.

We know how to operate our university/research complex. Absent some of the mania in the horse race for grants, perhaps we can offer a bit more student contact with professors. A BA/BS degree must be understood to mean that a graduate has absorbed knowledge, sharpened reasoning ability, accrued some judgement, and has developed a professional demeanor that can only come from the personal interaction between people. We should expect from our institutions that a professor is a professor, not a shift supervisor.

Recently I had the good fortune to get to meet for a consultation with a young and talented chemistry professor (Prof X) from a state university elsewhere in the US. Prof X has an outstanding pedigree and reached tenure rather rapidly at a young age. This young prof has won a very large number of awards already and I think could well rise to the level of a Trost or a Bergman in time.

Not long ago this prof was approached by one of the top chemical companies in the world to collaborate on some applied research. What is interesting about this is that the company has begun to explore outsourcing basic research in the labs of promising academic researchers. I am not aware that this company has done this to such an extent previously.  They do have an impressive corporate research center of their own and the gigabucks to set up shop wherever they want. Why would they want to collaborate like this?

R&D has a component of risk to it. Goals may not be met or may be much more expensive that anticipated.  Over the long term there may be a tangible payoff, but over the short term, it is just overhead.

The boards and officers of public corporations have a fiduciary obligation to maximize the return on investment of their shareholders. They are not chartered to spread their wealth to public institutions. They have a responsibility to minimize their tax liability while maximizing their profitability. Maximizing profit means increasing volume and margins. Increasing margins means getting the best prices at the lowest operating expense possible.

Corporate research is a form of overhead expense. Yes, you can look at it as an investment of resources for the production of profitable goods and services of the future. This is what organic growth is about. But that is not the only way to plan for future growth. Very often it is faster and easier to buy patent portfolios or whole corporations in order to achieve a more prompt growth and increase in market share.

The thing to realize is that this is not a pollenization exercise. The company is not looking to just fertilize research here and there and hope for advances in the field. They are a sort of research squatter that is setting up camp in existing national R&D infrastructure in order to produce return on investment. Academic faculty, students, post-docs, and university infractructure become contract workers who perform R&D for hire.

In this scheme, research groups become isolated in the intellectual environment of the university by the demands of secrecy agreements. Even within groups, there is a silo effect in that a student working on a commercial product or process must be isolated from the group to contain IP from inadvertant disclosure. The matter of inventorship is a serious matter that can get very sticky in a group situation. Confidential notebooks, reports, and theses will be required.  Surrender of IP ownership, long term silence on ones thesis work, and probably secret defense of their thesis will have to occur as well.

While a big cash infusion to Prof X may seem to be a good thing for the professor’s group, let’s consider other practical problems that will develop. The professor will have to allocate labor and time to the needs of the benefactor. The professor will not be able to publish the results of this work, nor will the university website be a place to display such research. In academia, ones progress is measured by the volume and quality of publications. In a real sense, the collaboration will result in work that will be invisible on the professors vitae.

Then there is the matter of IP contamination. If Prof X inadvertantly uses proprietary chemistry for the professor’s own publishable scholarly work, the professor may be subject to civil liability. Indeed, the prof may have to avoid a large swath of chemistry that was previously their own area.

This privatization of the academic research environment is a model contrary to what has been a very successful national R&D complex for generations. Just have a look in Chemical Abstracts. It is full of patent information, to be sure, but it is full of technology and knowledge that is in the public domain. Chemical Abstracts is a catalog and bibliography that organizes our national treasure. Our existing government-university R&D complex has been a very productive system overall and every one of us benefits from it in ways most do not perceive. We should be careful with it.

I’ve had this notion (a conceit, really) that as someone from industry, I should reach out to my colleagues in academia in order to bring some awareness of how chemistry is conducted out in the world.  After many, many conversations, an accumulating pile of work in ACS activities, and a few visits to schools, what I’ve found is not what I expected. I expected a bit more curiosity about how commerce works and perhaps what life is like in a chemical plant. I really thought that my academic associates might be intrigued by the wonders of the global chemical manufacturing complex and product process development.

What I’m finding is more along the lines of polite disinterest. I’ve sensed this all along, but I’d been trying to sustain the hope that if only I could use the right words, I might elicit some interest in how manufacturing works; that I could strike some kind of spark.  But what I’ve found is just how insular the magisterium of academia really is. The walls of the fortress are very thick. We have our curricula firmly in place on the three pillars of chemstry- theory, synthesis, and analysis. In truth, textbooks often set the structure of courses.  A four year ACS certified curriculum cannot spare any room for alternative models like applied science. I certainly cannot begrudge folks for structuring around that reality.

It could easily be argued that the other magisteria of industry and government are the same way.  Well, except for one niggling detail. Academia supplies educated people to the other great domains comprising society.  We seem to be left with the standard academic image of what a chemical scientist should look like going deeply into the next 50 years. Professors are scholars and they produce what they best understand- more scholars in their own image.  This is only natural. I’ve done a bit of it myself.

Here is my sweeping claim (imagine the air overhead roiled with waving hands)-  on a numbers basis, most chemists aren’t that interested in synthesis as they come out of a BA/BS program. That is my conclusion based on interviewing fresh graduates. I’ve interviewed BA/BS chemists who have had undergraduate research experience in nanomaterials and AFM, but could not draw a reaction showing the formation of ethyl acetate.  As a former organic prof, I find that particularly alarming. This is one of the main keepsakes from a year of sophomore organic chemistry.  The good news is that the errant graduate can usually be coached into remembering the chemistry.

To a large extent, industry is concerned with making stuff.  So perhaps it is only natural that most academic chemists (in my sample set) aren’t that keen on anything greater than a superficial view of the manufacturing world. I understand this and acknowledge reality. But it is a shame that institutional inertia is so large in magnitude in this and all endeavors.  Chemical industry really needs young innovators who are willing to start up manufacturing in North America. We could screen such folks and steer them to MIT, but that is lame. Why let MIT have all the fun and the royalties?  We need startups with cutting edge technology, but we also need companies who are able to make fine chemical items of commerce. Have you tried to find a brominator in the USA lately?

The gap between academia and industry is mainly cultural. But it is a big gap, it may not be surmountable, and I’m not sure that the parties want to mix. I’ll keep trying.

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Marxism vs. Intersectionality

The Russian Revolution - Reading Guide

Logo2One hundred years ago the Russian Revolution shook the capitalist world order to its foundations. Here for the first time ever, the Russian workers, led by Lenin and the Bolshevik party, took power into their own hands. The ruling classes have never forgiven this.

What will socialism look like?

Today, we find ourselves in the midst of one of the deepest crises capitalism has ever faced. While the 99% are being asked to pay for the crisis, the 1% are amassing wealth at an ever accelerating pace. All of this is causing a deep questioning of capitalist society. Many are looking for an alternative to the system that we have, and a growing number are looking towards revolutionary socialism for the answer.

Ted Grant: The Permanent Revolutionary

This year marks the centenary of the birth of Ted Grant, founder of the International Marxist Tendency. In addition to remaining firm on the basic principles of Marxism in the difficult situation following the death of Trotsky, Ted contributed greatly to the development of Marxist theory in the postwar period. We are proud to announce the publication of Ted Grant: The Permanent Revolutionary, a new political biography by his friend and comrade, Alan Woods. The book is set to launch in late May in Toronto and Montreal, featuring Fred Weston, the managing editor of In Defence of Marxism .

In Defence of October: Leon Trotsky on the Russian Revolution

Today marks the 95th anniversary of the most important event in human history -- the victory of the October Revolution and the overthrow of capitalism in Russia. For this momentous event, we republish a speech given in Copenhagen by the great revolutionary, Leon Trotsky, on the 15th anniversary of the revolution. In this speech, Trotsky sets out what actually occurred in Russia leading up to the 1917 revolution, and its significance to working-class movement worldwide. Furthermore, Trotsky outlines the Stalinist degeneration of the revolution and how the totalitarian monstrosity that arose in the USSR was far removed from what socialism genuinely is.

Why we are Marxists

A Better World is Possible With Socialism

Ann Robertson, in this article originally published in 2002, takes up the arguments often used by reactionaries to present a caricature of what socialism really is. Stalinism is often invoked as if that were genuine socialism. Ann explains what socialism really is.

Ted Grant: 1913-2006

Marxism and Anarchism: The philosophical roots of the Marx-Bakunin conflict -- Part two

With Marx's and Bakunin's divergent philosophical frameworks at least partially clarified, it becomes clearer why their political differences could not be resolved. Their respective political programs were tied to conflicting philosophical principles so that they were at times being pulled in diametrically opposed directions.
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Ninnu Kori Non-Stop Minting At Overseas BO

Looks like there is no stop for Natural Star Nani’s ‘Ninnu Kori’ at the overseas Box-office. The movie is racing towards the One Million Dollars Mark as the audiences there are lapping up the film big time and trade circles are predicting that the film will hit the million dollar club shortly. The movie has raked in $384K on Friday (including Thursday Premieres) and entered the Half Million Dollars Gross on Saturday. The movie has collected $273K on Saturday alone taking the total to $656K. Ninnu Kori is likely to end up at $800K by the end of this weekend. The movie will hit the breakeven mark by the end of its second week.

In Domestic markets, the movie is on a rampage at the box-office with several extra theaters being added in all the areas. The Pre-Release Business of the movie is around Rs.20 Crore which may be easy to achieve given that the costs are manageable. It has to be seen how it holds from Monday after the working days begin. That will decide the full run range of the film. According to the talk, the movie may appeal to ‘A’ class audience. But Nani is pulling all sorts of the audience with his popularity.


Have you ever felt like something was off with your body, but you weren’t sure what was causing it? When something isn’t quite right with our bodies, we often experience symptoms. Symptoms are the body’s way of letting us know that there’s an underlying problem. On the surface, blurred vision, slow healing of wounds and constant hunger don’t seem to be related. But if you put them together, you might be able to find out what’s really going on. These are all symptoms of high blood sugar.

Blood in the human body naturally contains sugar in the form of glucose. The right amount of blood sugar provides energy to the body’s cells and organs. In order to keep blood sugar levels at a healthy range, the body needs insulin. Insulin is a hormone that takes blood sugar and delivers it to the body’s cells. In people with type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. In those suffering from type 2 diabetes, the body produces insulin but it is unable to use it properly.

What Causes High Blood Sugar?

When you are sick or stressed out, your body produces hormones to combat illness and stress. This can end up triggering high blood sugar. Other causes of high blood sugar include:

Not enough insulin or oral diabetes medication
Eating or drinking more carbohydrates than usual
Less activity or exercise than ususal
Illness or infection
Injury or surgery
Certain medications
Symptoms Of High Blood Sugar

When he body’s blood sugar levels are too high, they begin to create problems. Over time, the blood vessels become damaged, which can lead to many complications. High blood sugar can end up causing a heart attack or stroke, kidney disease or kidney failure and damage to the eyes or loss of vision. It can also create nerve problems in the skin, leading to sores and infections. Being able to recognize the symptoms of high blood sugar can help you catch it early and prevent it from causing permanent damage.

1. Numbness, Burning Or Tingling

High blood sugar can cause numbness, burning or tingling in the hands, legs and feet. This is caused by diabetic neuropathy, which is a complication of diabetes.

2. Constant Hunger

Without the proper amount of blood sugar to give your body energy, you may end up constantly craving food, because your body is looking for an alternative energy source.

3. Frequent Urination

High sugar in the blood ends up in the kidneys and urine, which attracts even more water. This can lead to frequent urination.

4. Increased Thirst

Along with frequent urination, sugar in the kidneys and urine can cause increased thirst.

5. Unexplained Weight Gain or Loss

When the body’s cells aren’t getting the glucose they need, the body burns muscle and fat for energy instead. This can cause sudden or unexplained weight loss. The same can also be said of weight gain, unfortunately. So it is good to keep an eye out for any type of severe weight fluctuation.

6. Fatigue
When the body’s cells aren’t able to access blood sugar for energy, a person can end up feeling constantly fatigued.

7. Difficulty Concentrating

When your body is unbalanced, your mind also suffers. High blood sugar can cause difficulty concentrating and problems with memory.

8. Slow Healing

High blood sugar can cause damage to the nerves. If you notice your cuts or wounds have been healing very slowly, it might be a good idea to get your blood sugar checked.

9. Dizziness Or Blurred Vision

Dizziness and blurred vision, especially if brought on suddenly, should never be ignored. High blood sugar could be the underlying cause for both of these symptoms.


Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a cat.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an extremely rare lung disease in animals and humans. It is characterized by the deposition of a large amount of phospholipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli. There are several possible etiologies, both congenital and acquired. Alveolar macrophages play an important role in the clearance of surfactant. This… (More)
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0613-4

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