Animal Shapes

8th-level transmutation

Casting Time: 1 action
Range: 30 feet
Components: V, S
Duration: Concentration, up to 24 hours

Your magic turns others into beasts. Choose any number of willing creatures that you can see within range. You transform each target into the form of a Large or smaller beast with a challenge rating of 4 or lower. On subsequent turns, you can use your action to transform affected creatures into new forms.
The transformation lasts for the duration for each target, or until the target drops to 0 hit points or dies. You can choose a different form for each target. A target's game statistics are replaced by the statistics of the chosen beast, though the target retains its alignment and Intelligence, Wisdom, and Charisma scores. The target assumes the hit points of its new form, and when it reverts to its normal form, it returns to the number of hit points it had before it transformed. If it reverts as a result of dropping to 0 hit points, any excess damage carries over to its normal form. As long as the excess damage doesn't reduce the creature's normal form to 0 hit points, it isn't knocked unconscious. The creature is limited in the actions it can perform by the nature of its new form, and it can't speak or cast spells.
The target's gear melds into the new form. The target can't activate, wield, or otherwise benefit from any of its equipment.


训 练 一
（供稿：省宜兴中学 芮旭军） 1 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填上最恰当的单词。 注意：每空不超过 3 个单词。 Countries also use animals as symbols. From eagles to lions, many countries use an animal to show its national spirit and character. The image of an eagle is on the US President's flag, and on the one-dollar bill. The bald eagle is a large, powerful, brown bird with a white head and tail. The US declared that the eagle was its national bird in 17
　　82. It was chosen because of "its long life, great strength, and noble looks". But, one of the Founding Fathers, Benjamin Franklin didn't agree with the choice. "The bald eagle...is a bird of bad moral character; like those among men who live by robbing" he argued. Franklin wanted the turkey as the country's national bird. If Americans chose their national symbol deliberately(人为地), the symbol of England arose out of history. King Henry I (1068-11
　　35) was a brave warrior but also wise. He was the first English King to use a lion as a royal symbol, which is popularly known as the "king of the jungle". By the year Richard I, known as "The Lion Heart" for his bravery, came to the throne in 1189, the famous Three Lions badge had been formed. Now it can be seen on the shirts of England's sports teams. Everyone knows about the Australian kangaroo. Legend has it that the kangaroo gets its name from an early meeting between local aborigines and white settlers. When asked by the Europeans what these strange-looking animals were, a native replied "kangaroo" meaning, "I don't understand you." The kangaroo is an individualistic animal. Although it does gather in groups, the kangaroo is not a herd animal. If a group is attacked, individuals run off in different directions. Australians think the kangaroo represents positive values, such as individual responsibility and pride. Animals Showing National Spirit and Character ( 1 ) Eagle Country ( 3 ) Features ( 5 ) Why chosen / considered so ( 7 ) Great strength Powerful ( 8 ) ( 2 ) Kangaroo England ( 4 ) ( 6 ) Individualistic ( 9 ) Known as “king of the jungle” Typical to the land (
注意：每空不超过 3 个单词。 Have you ever been frustrated (沮丧的) when left talking to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call? If yes, then here comes some good news. Scientists are now perfecting a way to recharge (充 电) electrical equipment while on the move. Researchers from the Netherlands, France and Portugal announced last week that they have developed very thin solar panels (太阳能板) that can be put on clothes. They can also be added to furniture and rooftops. They change light from the sun into electricity. In about three years, you'll be able to wear a jacket that will recharge your phone as you walk. For camping fans, the development could lead to a tent which charges batteries all day so you can have light or music at night. The basic technology of wearable solar panels is the same as that used for conventional (传统 的) solar panels. Pairs of sheets of semi-conducting silicon (半导体硅) are linked together to form the panel. But scientists made them much thinner by using different silicon. At one micro-metre, they are the same thickness as photographic film. "This technology will make it easier for people to use clean energy sources," said Gerrit Kroesen, a physicist in the Netherlands who led the team of scientists. But the thin panels are not as efficient as the thicker ones. While some solar panels now operate at an efficiency of about 20 per cent, the new flexible (柔韧的) panels are only 7 per cent efficient. But the scientists believe that this is worth accepting for a stronger and more useful panel. But the thinner panel is cheaper. An A4 sized panel put onto the back of a jacket costs less than US$
　　13. It could charge a cellphone during a summer walk in the countryside. As long as you stay within range of the transmitting masts (发射天线) that relay a call to the networks, phones will never again run out of power. New Way to Recharge Electrical Equipment New invention ( 2 ) Basic material Development in technology ( 6 ) Where to fix ( 1 ) Change light from the sun into electricity ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) Easier to use clean energy sources Cheaper ( 7 ) ( 8 ) Rooftops ( 9 ) Netherlands France Portugal Country of the leading researcher (
3 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填上最恰当的单词。 注意：每空不超过 3 个单词。 Events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, and tornadoes are all natural disasters. They are mostly related to the weather. Some are predictable like a hurricane. Some, like an earthquake, surprise us. It is necessary for us to learn about them, so we can be prepared! Flooding happens during heavy rains, when rivers overflow, when ocean waves come onshore, when snow melts too fast or when dams or banks break. Flooding is the most common of all natural disasters. Hurricanes are severe tropical storms that form in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the Pacific Ocean. Hurricanes gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters. Evaporation from the seawater increases their power. Hurricanes have winds at least 74 miles per hour. When they come onto land, the heavy rain, strong winds and heavy waves can damage buildings, trees and cars. Tornadoes are nature’s most violent storms. Tornadoes must always be taken seriously. Tornadoes can be very dangerous sometimes even deadly. They come from powerful thunderstorms and appear as moving. Tornado winds can reach 300 miles per hour. They cause damage when they land the ground. They can damage an area one mile wide and 50 miles long. While thunder won't hurt you lightning will! So it's important to pay attention when you hear thunder. Thunderstorms happen mostly in summer and every thunderstorm has lightning. Lightning can strike people and buildings, which is very dangerous. Thunderstorms affect small areas when compared with hurricanes and winter storms. The typical thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes. A volcano is a mountain with a large opening at the top through which melting rock, steam, gases escape from time to time with violent force from inside the earth. When pressure increases, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening fill the air with small pieces. Eruptions can cause lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, falling ash and floods, which is likely to knock down entire forests, cause floods and earthquakes. Fresh volcanic ash can cause damage to the lungs of older people, babies and people with respiratory problems. Terrible Natural Disasters ( 1 ) Flooding Reasons Heavy rains ( 4 ) Snow melts Dams or banks breaks ( 2 ) ( 5 ) Strong wind at least 74 miles per hour Heavy waves Buildings ( 7 ) Basic features The most common Possible damage to
Wind 300 miles per hour ( 6 ) Lightning Pressure inside Earth Gases and rock shoot up Cause floods earthquakes and
Thunder ( 3 )
( 9 ) (
　　10) The people’s health
4 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填上最恰当的单词。 注意：每空不超过 3 个单词。 There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured．The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language?all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts． By contrast (对照) , the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way．The process is not the road itself, but the attitudes, feelings people have , and their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties．In this process, the journey never really ends； there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept． In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first．How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is necessary for our ability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more chances and be more open to unfamiliar experiences．Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and we think we are slow to adapt (适应) change or that we’re not smart enough to deal with a new challenge．Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all． These feelings of insecurity (不安全) and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow．If we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing．We become trapped inside a shell of our own making． Title ( 1 )?Product or Process Product: easily identified ( 2 ) and ●The workers ( 4 ) ●The students improve ( 5 ) ●The foreigners learns new languages ●the attitudes, feelings people have ●( 6 ) ●experience the world ( 7 ) ●try new ideas ●accept ( 8 ) ●a willingness to ( 9 ) ●face the unknown
Process: ●( 3 ) to determine ●never really ends
●accept the possibility that they may “fail” ●tend to take more chances and be more open to (
　　10) 5 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填上最恰当的单词。 Bored at school now? How do you think it will look in the future? Last week, about 600 teenagers in the U.S. imagined a future changed by technology in which their lessons are taught by robots and they learn about celebrities and alien languages. According to a survey published last week by the U.S. Internet service provider American Online( AOL), only one in 100 thinks that in the future they will walk from home to school; the rest believe they will use jet packs, and hover boards( 滑板) as everyday transport. All the participants of the survey are teenagers born into the Internet age. The study is to show how the first cyber generation dream about a future life created by advanced technology. Most believe there will still be schools to go to, but that technology will play an increasingly important role in learning. The 600 teens surveyed think there will still be teachers, but 37 percent imagine them to be robots. Some 24 percent believe that teachers will still be human but they will have inter-changeable microchips so that one person can teach all subjects. More than one in two believe hover boarding will be popular, while one-third say that wearing rocket boots will be their favorite activity. Another third think jet packs will be popular. Nearly 30 percent think playing football and bike-riding will remain popular. When it comes to the curriculum, they think future generations will be learning about robot building( 63 percent), alien languages( 47 percent) celebrities( 26 percent) and R’n’B music( 22 percent). Children will wear virtual reality helmets to bring lessons to life, say 40 percent, while over 20 percent believe they will not need lessons because microchips implanted in their head will send relevant information into the brain. Matt Whyman, adviser to the chief medical officer on youth issues of AOL, said: “ The kids seem very aware of the liberation qualities of technology.” Title ( 1 )school Changes in the way of ( 2 ) traveling Changes in the way of ( 3 ) At present, most students walk to school. In the future, students will use jet packs, and hover boards. In the future, robots will ( 4 ) as teachers and human teachers should be ( 5 ) with inter-changeable microchips so that one person can teach all subjects. Virtual reality helmets can bring ( 7 ) lessons to them and with the help of microchips implanted in their head, they will not need lessons. Most students will ( 9 ) hover boarding, wearing rocket boots and jet packs while a small (
　　10) of students think playing football and bike-riding will remain popular.
　　3. The US 1
　　4. Australia
Changes in the way of ( 6 )
Changes in
( 8 )
　　1. National Symbols

　　2. Lion

　　5. Large

　　6. Brave

　　9. Its long history
　　10. Representing positive values 2
　　1. Recharging solar battery
　　2. Function
　　3. Semi-conducting silicon
　　4. Thinner
　　5. Flexible
　　6. Advantages
　　7. Clothes
　　8. Furniture
　　9. Countries of researchers
　　10. The Netherlands 3
　　1. Natural disasters
　　2. Hurricanes
　　3. Volcanic eruptions
　　4. Ocean waves
　　5. He

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　　 初中英语任务型阅读专练 （A）阅读短文，然后指出图标中标有序号所代表的地点或建筑物名称。 This is our school. In front of it is a river. On its west lies a park and on its east lies a lake. Around our school there are a lot of trees. Our school stands at a good place. After class or on Sunday ...

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　　 09 中考真题汇编 中考真题汇编??任务型阅读 任务型阅读 09 甘肃兰州 任务型阅读理解：仔细阅读下面的短文并按要求完成后面的小题。 小题， 任务型阅读理解：仔细阅读下面的短文并按要求完成后面的小题。(5 小题，每小题 2 分， 共 10 分) Just as in face-to-face communication, there are some basic rules of behavior(行为) that should be followed on the Internet. T ...

　　 2009 中考英语任务型阅读集锦 六,任务型阅读(本题有 5 小题.每小题 1 分,共 5 分) 任务 A:请分别为下面四则谚语及图片找到相应的寓意,并把序号 A,B,C,D 填在答 题卷相应的位置. 71.It's never late to learn. too 72.A crane standing 73. The early bird 74. Play a harp 75. A book holds a amidst a flock of catches the worm. befo ...

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　　 跟《老友记》学英语 老友记》 1．Crap; Dude; Whack 《老友记》是一部情景喜剧，剧中对白轻松诙谐。由于是生活剧，剧中人物的对话非常口语 化，许多是美国年轻人的日常用语， “Crap"、 “Dude”和“Whack”就是这样的用语。 剧中对白：(第七季第一集) Chandler：Seriously? Seriously，no! You call play your own age which is 31! 钱德勒；不开玩笑?不开玩笑，答案是不行!你只能扮演与你同龄的角 ...


Monday, June 22, 2015

Post-Cruise Workouts: Week 3

Yet another bad weekend of eating has me worried about the number on the scale - so much so that I refused to step on to it!  Ha!

Hopefully a week of good workouts will help!

Monday:  Jari Love's Get Extremely Ripped! 1000 Hardcore + walk

This workout by Jari Love is a challenge - both the weighted sections and the cardio.  The weights are hard because they all involve compound exercises.  The cardio is a challenge because it's sustained for so long.  I did the first workout and my legs were burning from all the curtsy squats!  The workout lasted about 35 minutes, after which I did my own weights and cardio to get to 50 minutes.  At lunch, I walked at the rec and then had a nice stretch, hoping to soothe my legs.

Tuesday:  Shape's Bikini Body Transforming + Scott's HIIT - Sports Inspired Intervals + walk

A morning of cardio!  Michelle's cardio on Shape's video is tough - but not too bad.  I always enjoy it and work up a sweat!  I then turned to Scott's HIIT to finish out my morning.  Most of his moves are unique which makes the workout fun.  But it's tough and I was dripping sweat!  At lunch, I walked at the rec center and did some ab work.

Wednesday: Michelle's Cardio Strength 2 on Glo + Ilyse's Groovy Dance Party

This workout was done after work because I felt the need to shock my system.  I'm eating bad so why not do something out of the ordinary to make my system second guess itself?!  I did the 5-minute warm-up in Ilyse's Dance workout and then switched over to Michelle's CS2.  I have no idea why but this one almost killed me.  I remembered that it was tough - just not quite that tough.  It was sheer willpower that got me through it because my body was not happy.  After the CS, I did 15 minutes of the dance workout.  Usually, I make the moves more high-impact, but not today.  Today, I was lucky to still be upright!  My stretch and cool-down was such a relief!

Thursday: Amy's Intervals + Cardio Intervals

Seriously, I need to torch some calories ASAP!  I wanted high-impact so Amy's two interval workouts sounded good.  The moves are good - except for burpees which I sub for other moves.  I was sweating and tired....but in a good way!

Friday:  Ellen Barrett's Grace and Gusto

Time for something low-key.  Finally!  It was such a relief to not have to do something crazy hard this morning!  And with no workout at lunch, my body can fully re-group before my Peak 10 workouts this weekend.  Yay!  Ellen is so much and this workout is nice and soft - just what I needed!

Saturday:  Peak 10 Cardio Interval Burn - Fat Blaster

I hadn't done this CIB in a while so I was excited!  I started off by doing 5 minutes of my own low-impact cardio, to get super warm.  Then, the workout lasted 55 minutes.  I added on another 5 minutes of my own cardio before doing the cool down/stretch.  The different "peaks" in this CIB are fun - and challenging!  It was difficult to get through, especially when the ascents contained tougher cardio.  But it was fun!

Sunday:  Peak 10 More Cardio Strength + McLean's Cardio Hip Hop

After almost dying during Wednesday's CS, I was not looking forward to More CS, knowing just how difficult this one is.  Why?  There's only one circuit that does NOT go to the floor.   The cardio isn't bad and the peaks aren't crazy but the weighted moves are tough, as is the floor work.  Wow.  I warmed up with McLean's dance workout and then did an additional 15 minutes of it after finishing CS.  Then, about 10 minutes of stretching and abs.

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‘EU Designed on Principle of Colonization of Central and Eastern Europe’

AFP 2017/ JOHN THYSOpinion20:01 06.09.2017(updated 20:50 06.09.2017) Get short URL

The Czech Republic could have gained more from withdrawing from the European Union rather than remaining within the bloc’s ranks, Vladimira Vitova, the chairwoman of the Alliance of National Forces told Sputnik, adding that major EU powers are using Central and Eastern Europe as their ‘colony.’

Right from the outset the EU was designed on a principle of inequality with Western European member states exploiting Central and Eastern Europe as their ‘colony,’ Vladimira Vitova, the chairwoman of the Alliance of National Forces movement, told Sputnik Czech Republic.

“From the very beginning the EU was arranged in such a way that Central and Eastern Europe only serve as a colony for the West and ensure its enrichment,” Vitova told Sputnik. “Otherwise, our salaries wouldn’t have been 3-4 times lower than, for example, those in Germany (and this is not related to labor productivity).”

The Alliance of National Forces, a Czech political platform, which brought together a number of minor patriotic parties, movements and organizations, is looking forward to the upcoming Czech legislative election. Those who support the movement’s agenda are running for Parliament for the Czech National Social Party, one of the oldest in the country.

One of the major imperatives of the movement is the withdrawal of the Czech Republic from the European Union and NATO. According to Vitova, the country will not only lose nothing from its exit from the EU and the Atlantic military bloc, but will benefit from it.

“Some of the best economists of our party confirm that after withdrawing from the EU the economy of the country will not collapse, quite the contrary — it will start to grow!” Vitova underscored.

The politician specified that judging from the publicly available data provided by the government, the membership of the Czech Republic in the EU is not profitable for the country, as the republic donates more than it receives from Brussels.

Vitova remarked that contrary to popular belief that a vast number of Czech political parties are advocating the country’s exit from the European bloc, facts on the ground prove otherwise.

The truth of the matter is that neither the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSCM), nor the Civic Democratic Party, nor Freedom and Direct Democracy have clearly articulated the demand to leave the European Union in their election programs yet, she pointed out, adding that the parties are actually championing a nationwide referendum on the Czech Republic’s future within the bloc.

According to Vitova, the upcoming legislative elections are far more important than referenda, since they could have provided the Czech electorate with a unique opportunity to voice their stance on the republic’s EU membership.

“The same goes for the issue of leaving NATO — in regard to this the parties’ programs seem to be even more vague,” Vitova said, bemoaning the fact that many Czech voters do not even read the programs of the participants of the 2017 legislative election.

However, although the ruling Social Democratic Party is not calling for leaving the EU, it has repeatedly stressed that there is no need for NATO military bases in the country.

Speaking to Sputnik on August 25, the Czech ambassador to Russia, Vladimir Remek, signaled that Prague “continues to hold the view that there is no need for any military bases, including American ones.”

Most Czechs share his viewpoint: the country’s opinion polls show that the people fear that the Czech Republic may fall prey to a confrontation between more powerful geopolitical players.

Vitova emphasized that although the Alliance of National Forces has no access to radio and television broadcasting, there is public demand for the movement’s agenda.

The politician pointed out that according to the movement’s estimates, with the participation of 7 million eligible voters, the Czech National Social Party could receive 9.07 percent of the votes and 19 seats in Parliament.

The 2017 Czech legislative election is scheduled to be held in the Czech Republic on October 20-21, with 31 Czech political parties running for Parliament. During the vote all 200 members of the Chamber of Deputies — the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of the Czech Republic — will be elected while the leader of the ruling coalition will become the country’s prime minister.

Sourse: sputniknews.com


Larslan driving directions and distance

Larslan : Route planner and distance

Location of Larslan

Larslan is a located in the western of the united states in the county of Valley, and the state of Montana. Larslan lies near cities of Volt, Peerless, Opheim, Glentana, Richland, and Lustre. Larslan is geographically situated on 48.5783589 latitude and -106.1939107 longitude.carte-plan-Larslan


"Enrollment management is a research based process that creates a synergy among recruitment, pricing and financial aid, academic affairs, student life, and constituent relations." - CHB

Enrollment Management Strategies

Developing an effective enrollment management strategy means integrating admissions, retention, research and marketing.  Our projects begin with an assessment of the necessary research that will enhance a school’s understanding of its current and potential new markets. We do this by identifying relevant economic, demographic and education trends, by evaluating the current admission operation and by making recommendations to strengthen and expand institutional marketing efforts.

Our electronic surveys, focus groups, and in-depth interviews provide an effective means to gather “directional” feedback from internal and external constituents. We most often recommend a comprehensive strategy that includes surveying the entire parent and student bodies.  Analyzing attitudinal feedback from current parents and students plays a critical role not only in more fully understanding a school’s enrollment picture, but also in viewing an institution’s strengths and weaknesses through an enrollment management lens.

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Take the Enrollment Management Quiz

Read Independent School Magazine article about Enrollment Management

Once tailored to a school’s specific circumstances, the quantitative research collects data that allows school leaders to compare constituent satisfaction levels and the strength of a school’s programs.  We segregate respondent answers by demographic subsets of the school’s population:  full pay students/financial aid recipients, day students/boarding students, and lower/middle/upper school students. Using this research, a school can bring clarity not only to how it is regarded by its own families, but also how the school is perceived in the broader market.  Our research identifies economic and demographic trends in the education marketplace.  Understanding both constituent satisfaction levels and broader market trends is critical for effective strategic planning, for the development of mission statements, the coordination of effective print and web messaging, and the conducting of successful fund raising campaigns.

Our recommendations are designed to assist the school leaders in framing how, by using the media and its improved understanding of their markets, it can plan effectively for the future.  Given the recent national downturn in admission activity and enrollment, our research can inform immediate tactical adjustments and longer term strategic direction.

Our research provides school decision-makers with answers to specific enrollment management and marketing questions, and positions them well to guide their school’s internal decisions regarding admission and retention, financial aid allocation and tuition discounting, as well as marketing and public relations efforts. To organize, revitalize, and prioritize strategic and tactical decision making we collect and use data like that listed here.

See specific internal research described.

See specific external research described.

While the process was, at times, arduous, one cannot help but be amazed at the positive results. We contracted the Baker group for a multi-month engagement that focused on our admission and enrollment management processes, along with a strategic review of marketing and financial aid. The creation of action plans to improve operations infrastructure and develop “best practices” in student enrollment has been incredibly useful in fulfilling the school’s strategic goals in this vital area. A hearty thank you to Chris Baker and her team!
— Head of School


Analysis of the inexact Uzawa algorithms for nonlinear saddle point problems

Li Jian lei, Ting-Zhu Huang, Li Liang

Inexact Uzawa algorithms for solving nonlinear saddle-point problems are proposed. A simple sufficient condition for the convergence of the inexact Uzawa algorithms is obtained. Numerical experiments show that the inexact Uzawa algorithms are convergent.

convergence analysis; inexact Uzawa algorithm; iterative methods; nonlinear saddle-point problems; preconditioner

Remember, for most actions you have to record/upload into this online system
and then inform the editor/author via clicking on an email icon or Completion button.
ANZIAM Journal, ISSN 1446-8735, copyright Australian Mathematical Society.


(redirected from pulp canal)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia.

CANAL. A trench dug for leading water in a particular direction, and confining it.
     2. Public canals are generally protected by the law which authorizes their being made. Various points have arisen under numerous laws authorizing the construction of canals, which have been decided in cases reported in 1 Yeates, 430; 1 Binn. 70; 1 Pennsyl. 462; 2 Pennsyl. 517; 7 Mass. 169; 1 Sumu. 46; 20 Johns. 103, 735; 2 Johns. 283; 7 John. Ch. 315; 1 Wend. 474; 5 Wend. 166; 8 Wend. 469; 4 Wend. 667; 6 Cowen, 698; 7 Cowen, 526 4 Hamm. 253; 5 Hamm. 141, 391; 6 Hamm. 126; 1 N. H. Rep. 339; See River.

References in periodicals archive ?
The MIC value of the endodontic toothpastes and their individual components was determined as the lowest concentration capable of completely inhibiting the development of previously established colonies of microorganism that commonly infect the dental pulp canal.
Long-term sealing ability of Pulp Canal Sealer, AH-Plus, GuttaFlow and Epiphany.
3) The pulp canal in the lateral cusps is wide in the basal part of the cusp but becomes narrower higher up and almost reaches the cusp tip (Fig.
However, it should be kept in mind that careful regular follow-up is obligatory because of the possible complications such as pulp necrosis, pulp canal obliteration, ankylosis, inflammatory root resorption, surface resorption and bone loss in alveoler process bone fracture.
Periapical radiographs are highly informative in endodontics as they give information about anatomy of pulp canal system and its surrounding periodontium.
Paralogania with flattened, relatively large, strongly elongate scales, with smooth crown plate or with plate having shallow furrow along midline and one to two fine, backwardly and upwardly directed ridges posterolaterally of plate; oblique ridges reach posterior crown apex; two to four, usually three, fine spines posterolaterally of crown or anteriorly of most lateral slanting ridge or beneath it; spine row does not reach posterior crown apex; double-spine beneath posterior crown apex absent; base slightly deeper anteriorly than posteriorly; pulp depression wide, as slit-like opening or smooth; pulp canal long, numerous dentine canals shorter and sinuous.
2005] Many cases show pulp canal obliteration [Agamy et al.
65 mm; anterior margin of crown bluntly rounded; crown narrower anteriorly than at midlength; crown posteriorly elongate, narrowing smoothly towards tip; crowns covered with very fine longitudinal ridges and grooves; all ridges on crown either distributed rostro-caudally over scale and converging on single posterior point, or median ridges running straight to posterior end of crown but with more lateral ridges curving from base upwards and posteriorly; each fine ridge may be formed from two parallel finer ridgelets; lower crown surface smooth; neck as very narrow furrow; base rounded, anteriorly placed; anterior spur-like projection short or absent; pulp cavity large, continuing as wide pulp canal posteriorly.


The Grading System: A Look at the Traditional and Holistic Grading

Morgan Ivich and Chelsea Hahn examine their experiences with traditional and holistic grading, share their opinions, and consider their future classrooms.

Part I: Traditional Grading
Traditional grading is the grading system that most students have likely encountered throughout his or her academic career. This grading system entails the teacher giving an assignment, whether it is a quiz, paper, or homework assignment, and the student receives a grade that is meant to denote how well you did on that particular assignment. Some teachers use rubrics or other various point grading techniques. Regardless of the method, the teacher uses these assignment grades, and occasionally a participation grade, and averages it all together to create a total final grade at the end of the term or semester. This letter grade, which is compiled from a set number of points, is used to tell how well the student performed in a specific class. Through traditional grading, a class average can be found because all students are completing the same assignment. In this type of grading system, it is easy to become less about showing unique student capabilities, interests, and talents and instead, and more about focusing on testing knowledge of material through the use of a uniform assignment.
Throughout my years as a student, every classroom I have been in has used a traditional grading system. The teacher would print out rubrics for our assignments, and we would receive a numerical grade upon completion, which would be factored in with other graded assignments for the quarter or semester. Letter grades have become normalized in my student experience, and I always strove for A’s because my upbringing with traditional grading has told me that that is the only way one could be successful – by getting a good grade on every assignment, leading to an A as a culminating grade. Even now, when I obtain a B on an assignment, I worry about how that will impact my final grade. Every little assignment can hold great weight.
In my education courses, I have learned that students need to be given the opportunity to show their own understanding of the material of the material in various ways. Not every student prospers within the typical grading scheme, and some students take on different avenues to acquire knowledge. Students don’t think in the same, standardized way, and some students can grasp different ideas that other classmates may not have considered. However, there are classes that I believe do work well and require simple numerical grades found in the traditional grading system because of the specific subject matter; for example, in math, there is very few ways to get around receiving a letter grade on a worksheet because you either get the answers and show your work or you don’t. In some ways science works similarly, but even in this subject, the argument could be made that students could be graded based on their findings and observations in a lab, rather than strict criteria set by a teacher. English broadens the scope of traditional grading because while a student can be given, and some would argue should be, given a rubric for what is expected of them in a writing piece, they should not necessarily be ranked on an A to F scale that leaves little room open for students to think outside the box and be creative. By not sticking as strictly to traditional grading, students could focus less on getting an A and more on their thoughts, opinions, and findings without feeling like they do match the teacher’s thoughts or teaching style.

By not sticking as strictly to traditional grading, students could focus less on getting an A and more on their thoughts, opinions, and findings without feeling like they do match the teacher’s thoughts or teaching style. . .I believe I will ultimately use traditional grading in my future classroom, but I hope to build on this model and create something more flexible and my own.

Based on my experiences throughout my academic career and beliefs of traditional grading being more useful in certain subjects, I believe I will ultimately use traditional grading in my future classroom, but I hope to build on this model and create something more flexible and my own. Students are expected to understand material and meet certain standards, but the focus needs to go from a letter grade to student creativity and taking control of their own learning in a way that is more hands on. If I was able to sit in my high school classes and not feel the pressure to say the right thing in order to receive a good grade, I believe I would have been a much more confident student that felt comfortable explaining my unique way of thinking and feeling.
By Morgan Ivich, Seton Hall University

Part II: Holistic Grading
Unlike traditional grading, holistic grading is a grading system that many students, particularly those that went to school during the height of No Child Left Behind, are likely not familiar with. The term holistic itself is concerned with the whole, so the comprehension of parts is intimately interconnected only by reference to the whole; therefore, in this system, the teacher is considering the whole students and their growth from assignment to assignment. An approach to holistic grading that I have read about is one in which the teacher does not give grades on every assignment. Rather than giving individual grades for each task, the teacher leaves feedback that is meant to help the student improve. The final grade is determined by the student’s growth from beginning to end. In this grading system, it is easier to connect with the student and get the student as a whole to grow, but some teachers may find it difficult to give a final grade, especially if they are doing holistic grading for the first time and have only ever been exposed to the traditional form of grading. However, I believe it is a grading system that could have more benefits for the overall outcome of the class.
During my high school years, I was only exposed to traditional grading, and while teachers left feedback on assignments, for many students it often revolved around the number/letter grade. While it is possible to grow and improve from seeing the grade, it is more impersonal in this traditional system. A letter grade can be useful in subjects that are considered linear, such as math, because there is a clear right and wrong answer or way to do a problem, but in subjects like English, letters grades don’t always cut it for students. Sticking with English for a moment, if students completed an essay, the letter grade is often accompanied by red marks on a page that signify grammatical errors or missing content or a rubric with circled categories. Some students can decipher these marks and circled categories and improve, but every student would benefit from more precise feedback that pertains to their specific needs.

Every student would benefit from more precise feedback that pertains to their specific needs.

Feedback is important for the student to grow because they get tips and remarks that are specific to their work. When I was student teaching, I had to use the traditional grading system, but I emphasized the importance of feedback. Whenever my students completed a writing assignment, such as their Hero Journey narrative, I would leave comments on what they did well and what they could improve on. I would ask my students that while they were concerned with the grade, how would they know what they needed to do to improve without looking at my feedback. Some students listened to this remark, but others only cared about that overall grade. My cooperating teacher and I tried to use more feedback strategies by having conferences with students throughout the year, and she said that after I left and she continued conferences, students writing greatly improved.
As I stated, in high school and during my student teaching, the traditional grading system was what was put in place, but I have had college courses that used holistic grading, which is where I was first exposed to this system. One professor I had only used holistic grading on essays, which meant that you needed to have all qualifying characteristics for an A paper, otherwise you received a B. Personally, I felt this was an odd approach to grading and an even odder approach to incorporating holistic grading into the classroom. Many students found this as an unfair way to implement holistic grading; however, my graduate course about Victorian Literature used a more normalized version of holistic grading. The professor did not grade each paper or presentation. Instead, he gave feedback on the assignment and we were to improve on the next one. The final grade was calculated based on the work we put into the class and the assignments and how we improved. Many students in my class expressed that this took out a lot of stress because if you were trying your best and taking the professor’s advice, you could figure where you stood and always grow.
Based on my experiences throughout high school, college, and student teaching, I hope to be in a district in which I can use the holistic grading system. I will be teaching an English class, and I think classes like English in which there are various ways to express knowledge and skills could benefit greatly from a system that individualizes and focuses on growth. I believe it allows students to value feedback for improvement, ease stress, and allow them to take control of their learning. It will definitely be a system that takes practice, but I think it will help me achieve the goals I will have for student growth.
By Chelsea Hahn, The College of New Jersey

What are your experiences with and opinions on these two grading systems?

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A data structure organizes related data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently.
Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to specific tasks. For example, graphs are used to represent connections on social websites (such as Twitter, Facebook), trees are used to represent hierarchical data, such as files and folders in a filesystem, queues can be used to create task schedulers, compiler implementations usually use hash tables to look up identifiers, binary trees are used in searching algorithms, etc.

Usually, choosing the correct data structure is key to designing an efficient algorithm.

Some of the most common data structures are:
 - Array
 - Linked List
 - Stack, Queue
 - Graph, Tree
 - Hash Table

Some data structures can be used to create others, for example, linked lists can be used to create stacks and queues.

"Each data structure has a set of operations that can be performed on the data it stores. We select a data structure based on the operations required to implement an algorithm."

Array, is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), each identified by at least one array index or key. An array is stored so that the position of each element can be computed from its index tuple by a mathematical formula. The simplest type of data structure is a linear array, also called one-dimensional array.

For example, an array of 10 32-bit integer variables, with indices 0 through 9, may be stored as 10 words at memory addresses 2000, 2004, 2008, ... 2036, so that the element with index i has the address 2000 + 4 × i.

Linked List

The linked list data structure is often used to implement other data structures.
A linked list is a sequence of nodes where each node stores its own data and a pointer (address) to the location of the next node.
One node links to another forming what can be thought of as a linked chain:

The last item in the list has a link to NULL, indicating the end of the chain.

Although a linked list is similar to an array, it is not restricted to a declared number of elements. Additionally, unlike an array which stores data contiguously in memory or on disk, a linked list can easily insert or remove elements without reallocation or reorganization of the entire structure because the data items need not be stored contiguously.

Linked List Drawbacks:
1) Random access is not allowed. We must access nodes sequentially starting from the first one. Therefore, we cannot do a binary search on a linked list.
2) Extra memory space for a link is required for each element of the list.

"Linked lists are generally used as the fundamental building block for implementing data structures such as stacks, queues, trees, and graphs."
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PEOPLE KNOWN FOR: entertainment

5116 Biographies
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Beethoven, Ludwig van
Ludwig van Beethoven

German composer

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Austrian composer

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer, widely recognized as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music. With Haydn and Beethoven he brought to its height the achievement of the…...
Johann Sebastian Bach.
Johann Sebastian Bach

German composer

Johann Sebastian Bach, composer of the Baroque era, the most celebrated member of a large family of north German musicians. Although he was admired by his contemporaries primarily as an outstanding harpsichordist,…...
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Swiss-born French philosopher

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss-born philosopher, writer, and political theorist whose treatises and novels inspired the leaders of the French Revolution and the Romantic generation. Rousseau was the least…...
Alfred Hitchcock.
Sir Alfred Hitchcock

English-born director

Sir Alfred Hitchcock, English-born American motion-picture director whose suspenseful films and television programs won immense popularity and critical acclaim over a long and tremendously productive career.…...
Verdi, Giuseppe
Giuseppe Verdi

Italian composer

Giuseppe Verdi, leading Italian composer of opera in the 19th century, noted for operas such as Rigoletto (1851), Il trovatore (1853), La traviata (1853), Don Carlos (1867), Aida (1871), Otello (1887),…...
Woody Allen discussing his career at the Film Society of Lincoln Center, 2005.
Woody Allen

American actor and director

Woody Allen, American motion-picture director, screenwriter, actor, comedian, playwright, and author, best known for his bittersweet comic films containing elements of parody, slapstick, and the absurd…...
Spielberg, Steven
Steven Spielberg

American film director and producer

Steven Spielberg, American motion-picture director and producer whose diverse films—which ranged from science-fiction fare, including such classics as Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) and E.T.:…...
Welles, Orson
Orson Welles

American actor, director and writer

The Bad and the Beautiful
Vincente Minnelli

American director

Vincente Minnelli, American motion-picture director who infused a new sophistication and vitality into filmed musicals in the 1940s and ’50s. He was born to Italian-born musician Vincent Minnelli and French…...
Huston, John; The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
John Huston

American director, writer, and actor

John Huston, American motion-picture director, writer, and actor whose taut dramas were among the most popular Hollywood films from the early 1940s to the mid-1980s. Many of his films were literary adaptations…...
Joseph Haydn, detail of a portrait by Thomas Hardy, 1791; in the collection of the Royal College of Music, London.
Joseph Haydn

Austrian composer

Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer who was one of the most important figures in the development of the Classical style in music during the 18th century. He helped establish the forms and styles for the string…...
Unidentified, Gary Cooper, and Frank Capra on the set of Mr. Deeds Goes to Town
Frank Capra

American film director

Frank Capra, American motion-picture director who was the most prominent filmmaker of the 1930s, during which he won three Academy Awards as best director. His most-beloved films, many of which were made…...
Martin Scorsese.
Martin Scorsese

American director

Martin Scorsese, American filmmaker known for his harsh, often violent depictions of American culture. From the 1970s Scorsese created a body of work that was ambitious, bold, and brilliant. But even his…...
Richard Wagner, painting by Franz von Lenbach, 1882, Bayreuth, Germany.
Richard Wagner

German composer

Richard Wagner, German dramatic composer and theorist whose operas and music had a revolutionary influence on the course of Western music, either by extension of his discoveries or reaction against them.…...
George Gershwin, working on the score for Porgy and Bess, 1935.
George Gershwin

American composer

George Gershwin, one of the most significant and popular American composers of all time. He wrote primarily for the Broadway musical theatre, but important as well are his orchestral and piano compositions…...
Strozzi, Bernardo: portrait of Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi

Italian composer and musician

Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer in the late Renaissance, the most important developer of the then new genre, the opera. He also did much to bring a “modern” secular spirit into church music. Monteverdi,…...
Curtiz, Michael
Michael Curtiz

Hungarian-American director, actor, and writer

Michael Curtiz, Hungarian-born American motion-picture director whose prolific output as a contract director for Warner Brothers was composed of many solid but run-of-the-mill genre films along with a…...
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1887.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Russian composer

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, the most popular Russian composer of all time. His music has always had great appeal for the general public in virtue of its tuneful, open-hearted melodies, impressive harmonies,…...
Schubert, Franz Peter
Franz Schubert

Austrian composer

Franz Schubert, Austrian composer who bridged the worlds of Classical and Romantic music, noted for the melody and harmony in his songs (lieder) and chamber music. Among other works are Symphony No. 9…...
Johannes Brahms.
Johannes Brahms

German composer

Johannes Brahms, German composer and pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote symphonies, concerti, chamber music, piano works, choral compositions, and more than 200 songs. Brahms was the great master…...
Franz Liszt, oil on canvas by Henri Lehmann, 1840; in the Carnavalet Museum, Paris.
Franz Liszt

Hungarian composer

Franz Liszt, Hungarian piano virtuoso and composer. Among his many notable compositions are his 12 symphonic poems, two (completed) piano concerti, several sacred choral works, and a great variety of solo…...
George Bernard Shaw, photograph by Yousuf Karsh.
George Bernard Shaw

Irish dramatist and critic

George Bernard Shaw, Irish comic dramatist, literary critic, and socialist propagandist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1925. Shaw’s article on socialism appeared in the 13th edition of the…...
Sergey Prokofiev.
Sergey Prokofiev

Russian composer

Sergey Prokofiev, 20th-century Russian (and Soviet) composer who wrote in a wide range of musical genres, including symphonies, concerti, film music, operas, ballets, and program pieces. Prokofiev (Prokofjev…...
Gluck, detail of a painting by Joseph Siffred Duplessis, 1775; in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Christoph Willibald Gluck

German composer

Christoph Willibald Gluck, German classical composer, best known for his operas, including Orfeo ed Euridice (1762), Alceste (1767), Paride ed Elena (1770), Iphigénie en Aulide (1774), the French version…...
William Wyler
William Wyler

American director

William Wyler, German-born American director of motion pictures that combined a high degree of technical polish with a clear narrative style and sensitive handling of human relationships. Most of his feature…...
Calderón de la Barca, Pedro
Pedro Calderón de la Barca

Spanish author

Pedro Calderón de la Barca, dramatist and poet who succeeded Lope de Vega as the greatest Spanish playwright of the Golden Age. Among his best-known secular dramas are El médico de su honra (1635; The…...
Hector Berlioz.
Hector Berlioz

French composer

Hector Berlioz, French composer, critic, and conductor of the Romantic period, known largely for his Symphonie fantastique (1830), the choral symphony Roméo et Juliette (1839), and the dramatic piece La…...
Rio Bravo
Howard Hawks

American director

Howard Hawks, American motion-picture director who maintained a consistent personal style within the framework of traditional film genres in work that ranged from the 1920s to the ’70s. Although his films…...
Mahler, Gustav
Gustav Mahler

Austrian composer

Gustav Mahler, Austrian Jewish composer and conductor, noted for his 10 symphonies and various songs with orchestra, which drew together many different strands of Romanticism. Although his music was largely…...
Bob Dylan

American musician

Sinatra, Frank
Frank Sinatra

American singer and actor

Frank Sinatra, American singer and motion-picture actor who, through a long career and a very public personal life, became one of the most sought-after performers in the entertainment industry; he is often…...
Wilder, Billy; Novak, Kim; 1964
Billy Wilder

American director and producer

Billy Wilder, Austrian-born American motion-picture scenarist, director, and producer known for films that humorously treat subjects of controversy and offer biting indictments of hypocrisy in American…...
Igor Stravinsky, c. 1920.
Igor Stravinsky

Russian composer

Igor Stravinsky, Russian-born composer whose work had a revolutionary impact on musical thought and sensibility just before and after World War I, and whose compositions remained a touchstone of modernism…...
David Garrick

English actor, poet, and producer

David Garrick, English actor, producer, dramatist, poet, and comanager of the Drury Lane Theatre. Garrick was of French and Irish descent, the son of Peter Garrick, a captain in the English army, and Arabella…...
William Faulkner.
William Faulkner

American author

William Faulkner, American novelist and short-story writer who was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature. As the eldest of the four sons of Murry Cuthbert and Maud Butler Falkner, William Faulkner…...
High Sierra
Raoul Walsh

American director

Raoul Walsh, American motion-picture director popular in the 1930s and 1940s for his tough, masculine films. As a young man, Walsh worked a variety of jobs in Mexico and Texas. His acting career began…...
Bruce Springsteen

American singer, songwriter, and bandleader

Bruce Springsteen, American singer, songwriter, and bandleader who became the archetypal rock performer of the 1970s and ’80s. Springsteen grew up in Freehold, a mill town where his father worked as a…...
Kubrick, Stanley
Stanley Kubrick

American director

Stanley Kubrick, American motion-picture director and writer whose films are characterized by his dramatic visual style, meticulous attention to detail, and a detached, often ironic or pessimistic perspective.…...
Francis Ford Coppola won the Oscar for best director for The Godfather: Part II (1974).
Francis Ford Coppola

American director and screenwriter

Francis Ford Coppola, American motion-picture director, writer, and producer whose films range from sweeping epics to small-scale character studies. As the director of films such as The Godfather (1972),…...
Handel, George Frideric
George Frideric Handel

German-English composer

George Frideric Handel, German-born English composer of the late Baroque era, noted particularly for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions. He wrote the most famous of all oratorios, Messiah…...
Charlie Chaplin in City Lights (1931).
Charlie Chaplin

British actor, director, writer, and composer

Charlie Chaplin, British comedian, producer, writer, director, and composer who is widely regarded as the greatest comic artist of the screen and one of the most important figures in motion-picture history.…...
Frédéric Chopin

Polish-French composer and pianist

Frédéric Chopin, Polish French composer and pianist of the Romantic period, best known for his solo pieces for piano and his piano concerti. Although he wrote little but piano works, many of them brief,…...
Richard Strauss.
Richard Strauss

German composer

Richard Strauss, an outstanding German Romantic composer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His symphonic poems of the 1890s and his operas of the following decade have remained an indispensable…...
Felix Mendelssohn, painting by Wilhelm Hensel.
Felix Mendelssohn

German musician and composer

Felix Mendelssohn, German composer, pianist, musical conductor, and teacher, one of the most-celebrated figures of the early Romantic period. In his music Mendelssohn largely observed Classical models…...
Mervyn LeRoy

American director

Mervyn LeRoy, American motion-picture director whose wide variety of films included dramas, romances, epics, comedies, and musicals. He also produced films, including the classic The Wizard of Oz (1939).…...
Robert Altman.
Robert Altman

American director

Robert Altman, unconventional and independent American motion-picture director, whose works emphasize character and atmosphere over plot in exploring themes of innocence, corruption, and survival. Perhaps…...
George Stevens, 1957
George Stevens

American director

George Stevens, American director known for films that exhibited intelligence, great humanism, and brilliant camera techniques. His classic movies include the screwball comedy Woman of the Year (1942),…...
King Vidor

American film director

King Vidor, American motion-picture director whose films of the 1920s and ’30s in both content and theme were among the most creative of those produced in Hollywood; they deal in relatively uncompromising…...
Fritz Lang, 1936.
Fritz Lang

German director

Fritz Lang, Austrian-born American motion-picture director whose films, dealing with fate and man’s inevitable working out of his destiny, are considered masterpieces of visual composition and expressionistic…...
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Yuhui Henry Zhao

Yuhui Henry Zhao

Epcor Water Service Inc, Canada

Title: Development of an on-line GC using existing retired equipment

Yuhui (Henry) Zhao completed his Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from the University of Alberta in 1995. He has been working since in a few analytical laboratories for the past 20 years as a Senior Scientist. His research and development interests cover the areas of Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectroscopy, ICP-mass spectrometry, GC and GC-mass spectrometry. Yuhui is currently working as a QA Scientist at Epcor Water Service Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

To ensure drinking water quality, continuously monitoring the volatile organic compounds in the source water and the treated water is very important for any water treatment plant. On-line, real time information will be crucial to the engineers and operators. For volatile organic compounds analysis, gas chromatography (GC) is one of the best choices to carry out this task, due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. As a result, an in-house on line GC System was developed for this purpose. It includes the following parts: 1. A stream selection device to connect and monitor the source water and treated water using one instrument. 2. A self-cleaning fi lter to remove sands and suspended solids from the source water before it is introduced into the sample concentrator. 3. A Purge and Trap (P&T) device (from Tekmar) to extract and concentrate the volatile compounds before the compounds being injected onto the GC column. Since GC is a gaseous device and analytes introduced into the GC must be in a volatile format, either in volatile organic solvent or in gaseous state. 4. A GC (from Hewlett-Packard) equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID). 5. A computer with Windows xp and ChemStation to control the sampling valves through a DAQ (from National Instruments) and to control the GC and P&T through a GPIB-USB interface (from Agilent). To control cost, in the development of this system, the GC and P&T are retired from regular use but still in good working condition.

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Student loan debt has soared in recent years, which puts an increased financial burden on college graduates and their parents. Choosing the right savings plan and investing for college early on can maximize the power of compounding – and help ensure retirement savings aren’t affected down the road.

Sending children to college used to be a distinct financial milestone, one where parents could refocus on their own needs afterwards. Increasingly it may overlap with their transitioning to retirement, making it important to assess needs, analyze assets and develop a strategy early on to avoid conflicting financial demands.

The percentage of families with dual-income households jumped from 47 percent in 1967 to 67 percent in 2007. Retirement decisions for couples can be complex and coordination is critical to stay in step with each other’s goals and expectations – both individually and as a couple to determine any gaps in retirement plans.

With higher debt than previous generations, today’s homebuyers face a heavier burden coming out of school; that reality makes it hard to save for a down payment and intimidating to take on new debt with a mortgage. Since home equity can be a large source of wealth in retirement, it’s important to prioritize saving and managing debt as one works toward the life’s next milestone.

With stretched retirement periods comes the need for maximizing savings and minimizing exposure to risks that can cause uncertainties for retirees. Inflation, market volatility, spending/withdrawal rates and healthcare costs are areas that should be taken into consideration for an effective financial plan to avoid outliving retirement savings.

Living longer is a good thing, however a long life impacts the amount of savings needed in order to be financially comfortable in retirement years. As a way to offset this, many Americans may delay retirement milestones, choose to remain in the workforce longer or consider other tradeoffs to minimize the risk of outliving their retirement savings.

Thoughtful planning, along with balancing your own needs with those of children and older relatives, can help mitigate potential conflicts and increased financial burdens associated with multigenerational caring - in many cases, helping to make it an enriching experience without depleting emotional, physical or financial resources.

Healthcare: For the average American, health care costs almost double after turning 65. And because insurance and Medicare can cover just a fraction of actual costs, and come at costs of their own, an aging population needs to plan accordingly for medical expenses and potential long-term care needs.

Private Debt: Debt isn’t necessarily a bad thing, but improperly managing it is. Reducing or eliminating debt before retirement, particularly high interest and “bad” debt like credit cards can help provide retirement security down down the road.

Traditionally, Social Security and company pension plans were primarily depended on to fund retirement. As retirement income needs grow larger, however, these established income sources will no longer play as prominent a role. Personal savings, as well as employment during retirement, are expected to play a much larger role funding future retirement needs.


Source:Nikhita Software

Horoscopes reveal today what is hidden and waiting for be revealed in future. The advantage that this gives you is obvious. Better planning, better decisions regarding relationships, finances and career. In a nutshell, horoscopes help you avoid bad decisions at the bad time. This horoscope book gives you a detailed profile of each of the 12 signs of the zodiac, whereby it helps you to understand individuals belonging to these signs and how to relate better to them and how to influence them by knowing what makes them click. In a way this is a blueprint to their deepest characteristics.

If you are interested in detailed weekly forecasts for each and every sign for the entire year, the best option is to download your one year (52 weeks) forecast from www.dailyhoroscope.org

Last Updated:2012-01-23 17:36:01
File size:1.38MB
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Rosa DeLauro is currently serving her 13th term as a United States Congresswoman for Connecticut’s 3rd Congressional District. Rosa serves in the Democratic leadership as co-chair of the Steering and Policy Committee, and is the ranking member on the Labor, Health, Human Services, and Education Appropriations Subcommittee, where she is charged with overseeing what she considers the core responsibilities of our federal government. She also serves on the subcommittee responsible for FDA and agriculture, where she oversees drug and food safety.

For Rosa, her work has been and will always be about helping people. Since coming to Congress, she has built a reputation as a hard-working, passionate, and forthright advocate for her constituents, an honest broker who works with members of all parties, and a respected leader in Congress.

Rosa’s focus is to provide opportunity for working, middle-class families. She believes we need American jobs, jobs that cannot be outsourced. These kinds of good-paying jobs will allow us to have a thriving middle-class once again.

That is why Rosa has worked to create an economic agenda for working women and men which would help create jobs and alleviate the economic pressures so many are facing today. Rosa believes that we must make college more affordable for families, raise the minimum wage for workers, ensure seniors’ retirement security, and provide the opportunity so everyone has access to affordable healthcare. Hard working families deserve better child care, paid sick days family leave, and Rosa is fighting for these efforts each and every day.

To really know Rosa, you have to know her family. From her first days tagging along with her father in Wooster Square, to standing up for her beliefs in Congress, one thing has never changed about Rosa —she cares about people. Rosa’s parents always stressed the importance of hard work, compassion for others, and a quality education. Her father, Ted, came to America when he was 13, speaking no English, but went on to serve as a New Haven Alderman whose hard work earned him the nickname “Mayor of Wooster Square.” Rosa’s mother, Luisa, was raised by Rosa’s grandmother, who was widowed with six children in 1918, and supported the family by running a pastry shop, Canestri’s, in New Haven’s Wooster Square. Despite these challenges, Luisa DeLauro became the longest-serving member of the New Haven Board of Aldermen, serving from 1965 to 1998.

Rosa is married to Stanley Greenberg and their children—Anna, Kathryn and Jonathan Greenberg—all are grown and pursuing careers. They have four grandchildren, Rigby, Teo, Sadie, and Jasper.

Rep. DeLauro attacked Education Secretary over her decision; DeVos struggled to respond

03.21.18: - Rep. Rosa DeLauro went after DeVos over new departmental guidance that would tend to protect federal student loan servicers that employ predatory collection practices in violation of state regulations.

Trump’s labor chief gets nailed for letting bosses steal workers’ tips

03.08.18: - Labor Secretary Alex Acosta tried to defend a rule that would allow restaurants to steal workers’ tips. But New York Democratic Rep. Rosa DeLauro didn’t let him get away with it.


Dwelling Bicycle - Multifunctional Bicycle

Transportation, recreation, racing... Undoubtedly, the variety of functions that a bicycle can perform is impressive. What would happen if some of these were combined and especially when one of them does not belong to its accepted and expected operations? The project aims at a harmonious coexistence of the functions of the bicycle as a means of transportation and accommodation in a single, unified package. The main objectives focus on ensuring the necessary privacy for the character of the vehicle as a place of rest, while maintaining its drivability. Designed by Dimitrios Spyropoulos

Design Not for Sale


What is Chlorine Dioxide?

Chlorine dioxide is an extremely effective, eco-friendly micro-biocide that carries US EPA, FDA and UK Government approvals for many uses. It is a selective oxidant that eliminates both planktonic (floating organisms), infectious bacteria, odor causing bacteria, disinfects surfaces, and rapidly destroys biofilm. The chemical formula for chlorine dioxide is ClO2, it has a molecular weight of 67.45 and exists as a gas at normal temperatures and pressures.

Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection Technologies from GreenO2

24x7 Customer Care 1-888-937-7999

Chlorine Dioxide

GreenO2 specializes in chlorine dioxide (ClO2) applications and is paving the way for use of safe, Eco-friendly friendly chlorine dioxide based delivery systems for use across a multitude of fields. Our line of chlorine dioxide products and disinfection solutions offer impressive cost, safety, environmental and operational benefits over more common chlorine dioxide delivery approaches and […]

Chlorine Dioxide is an extremely effective, potent, fast acting bactericide that does not form toxic by-products, is 100% biodegradable, and leaves no residual toxicity. It will eliminate odors, and rapidly destroys sessile bacteria. With minimal contact time, it is highly effective against many pathogenic organisms including bacterial spores, MRSA, STAPH, C Diff, Legionella, Tuberculosis, Salmonella, […]


Important Facts About Sleep Apnea Everyone Should Know

In recent years, sleep disturbances are much more common than they’ve ever been. The importance of sleep cannot be overstated. Getting sound and consistent sleep can be the difference in a sound mind and body for a myriad of reasons. One of the most common issues that some experience with sleep is a condition called sleep apnea. It is said that nearly 18 million individuals are suffering with apnea, which compromises the ability to breathe correctly due to an obstruction while they are sleeping.

While some people think that sleep apnea simply means loud snoring, it actually means much more than that. There are repeated interruptions in the pattern of breathing which can be potentially very dangerous. Listed below are different facts regarding sleep apnea that aren’t very well known.

Raises Risks For Serious Health Concerns

There are substantial risks associated with sleep apnea that some don’t realize. It’s so much more than potentially disrupting your partner’s sleep with loud snores – namely the risk for things like high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack and obesity. Any type of interruption to your breathing while your body is at complete rest can be compromising to your health and internal nervous system. This also speaks to the necessity of breathing properly even when you are awake. When the brain and body is deprived of oxygen, there are so many potential issues that can arise.

Compromises Your Mood And Emotions

When you suffer from sleep apnea, not only is your brain potentially more exhausted because of those patterns of breathing that are compromised, but it affects on a huge level how you react when you are going about your day. Lack of good, sound sleep can contribute to poor mood and even extreme emotions. When you’re tired, it’s hard to regulate normal experiences that you’d be better suited to deal with when you have had the proper amount of sleep. You may become overly reactive to something that you wouldn’t otherwise simply from sheer fatigue and exhaustion.

Damages Stored Memories

Poor memory and loss of memory can be caused by a whole plethora of things – one of which is sleep apnea. Much in the way it can affect emotions and moods, lack of sleep and the way that it compromises the brain can negatively impact the memory sensors in the brain. The brain requires a certain amount of oxygen to function at its best, and when that oxygen supply is cut off for a period of time, the ability to recall memories can be lessened.

Affects More Women Than Men

For some reason, though both genders can suffer from this issue, those who are most impacted by the condition are generally women. They are also more susceptible to the side effects and additional contributing factors of sleep apnea.

This condition is also not something that only affects adults. Children can be affected by and suffer from sleep apnea as well. This is why necessary testing and a variety of treatments need to be offered to sufferers as going to sleep in such a risky situation isn’t something that should be taken lightly.

Insomnia, Sleep Loss And Deep Sleep In The News

One of the things sleep loss increases is the risk of obesity through a combination of effects on energy metabolism. Research presented recently at the European Congress of Endocrinology highlights how disrupted sleep patterns – a common feature of modern living – can predispose to weight gain by affecting your appetite and responses to food and exercise.

While several studies have correlated sleep deprivation with weight gain, the underlying cause of increased obesity risk from sleep disruption is unclear, but may relate to changes in appetite, metabolism, motivation, physical activity or a combination of factors. Dr. Christian Benedict from Uppsala University, Sweden and his group have conducted a number of human studies to investigate how sleep loss may affect energy metabolism.

These human studies have measured and imaged behavioral, physiological and biochemical responses to food following acute sleep deprivation. The behavioral data reveal that metabolically healthy, sleep-deprived human subjects prefer larger food portions, seek more calories, exhibit signs of increased food-related impulsivity, experience more pleasure from food, and expend less energy.

Sleep Loss And Weight Gain

The group’s physiological studies indicate that sleep loss shifts the hormonal balance from hormones that promote fullness, such as GLP-1, to those that promote hunger, such as ghrelin. Sleep restriction also increased levels of endocannabinoids, which is known to have appetite-promoting effects. Acute sleep loss also alters the balance of gut bacteria, which has been widely implicated as key for maintaining a healthy metabolism. The same study also found reduced sensitivity to insulin after sleep loss.

“Since perturbed sleep is such a common feature of modern life, these studies show it is no surprise that metabolic disorders such as obesity are also on the rise,” Benedict says. “My studies suggest that sleep loss favors weight gain in humans. It may also be concluded that improving sleep could be a promising lifestyle intervention to reduce the risk of future weight gain.”

Although this work has shed light on how short periods of sleep loss can affect energy metabolism, longer-term studies are needed to validate these findings. The group is now investigating longer-term effects and also whether extending sleep in habitual short sleepers can restore these alterations in appetite and energy metabolism.

Exercise, Sleep Key To Regulating Behavior

Another recent study, published in 2017 in the Journal of Applied Psychology, tracked participants’ sleep patterns and daytime physical movements. It found employees who recorded an average of more than 10,900 steps each day were less likely to perpetuate abuse at home than those recording fewer than 7,000.

“Research shows employees who are mistreated at work are likely to engage in similar behaviors at home,” said University of Central Florida’s College of Business management professor Shannon Taylor, who teamed up with researchers from Illinois and Wisconsin for the study. “If they’ve been belittled or insulted by a supervisor, they tend to vent their frustration on members of their household. Our study shows that happens because they’re too tired to regulate their behavior.”

Study participants included 118 MBA students with full-time jobs who took a survey and then wore activity monitors for a week. A follow-up survey was then sent to the participants’ cohabitants. The study concludes sleep and exercise are intervention points that can be leveraged to prevent the spread of harmful behavior.

The study found that burning an additional 587 calories can reduce the harmful effects of mistreatment and help prevent it from carrying into the home. For the average American man, these gains can be achieved with an hour of swimming or a brisk 90-minute walk. “The findings are particularly compelling given recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and the American Heart Association to walk between 8,000 and 10,000 steps per day,” Taylor said.

Insomnia Genes

In June 2017, an international team of researchers found – for the first time – seven risk genes for insomnia. The results of the research were published in Nature Genetics. With this finding the researchers have taken an important step towards the unraveling of the biological mechanisms that cause insomnia. In addition, the finding proves that insomnia is not, as is often claimed, a purely psychological condition.

Insomnia is probably the most common health complaint. Even after treatment, poor sleep remains a persistent vulnerability for many people. By having determined the risk genes, professors and lead researchers Danielle Posthuma and Eus Van Someren have come closer to unraveling the biological mechanisms that cause the predisposition for insomnia. Van Someren believes that the findings are the start of a path towards an understanding of insomnia at the level of communication within and between neurons, and thus towards finding new ways of treatment.

He also hopes that the findings will help with the recognition of insomnia. “As compared to the severity, prevalence and risks of insomnia, only few studies targeted its causes. Insomnia is all too often dismissed as being ‘all in your head.’ Our research brings a new perspective. Insomnia is also in the genes.”

By collaborating with Konrad Oexle and colleagues from the Institute of Neurogenomics at the Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany, the researchers could conclude that the genetic variants in the gene seem to contribute to all three disorders. PLMS and RLS are characterized by restless movement and sensation, respectively, whereas insomnia is characterized mainly by a restless stream of consciousness.

Genetic Overlap With Other Characteristics

The researchers also found a strong genetic overlap with other traits, such as anxiety disorders, depression and neuroticism, and low subjective wellbeing. “This is an interesting finding, because these characteristics tend to go hand in hand with insomnia. We now know that this is partly due to the shared genetic basis,” says neuroscientist Anke Hammerschlag, first author of the study.

The researchers also studied whether the same genetic variants were important for men and women. “Part of the genetic variants turned out to be different. This suggests that, for some part, different biological mechanisms may lead to insomnia in men and women,” says professor Posthuma. “We also found a difference between men and women in terms of prevalence: in the sample we studied, including mainly people older than 50 years, 33% of the women reported to suffer from insomnia. For men this was 24%.”

The risk genes could be tracked down in cohorts with the DNA and diagnoses of many thousands of people. The UK Biobank – a large cohort from England that has DNA available – did not have information as such about the diagnosis of insomnia, but they had asked their participants whether they found it difficult to fall asleep or to have uninterrupted sleep. By making good use of information from the Dutch Sleep Registry, the UK Biobank was able, for the first time, to determine which of them met the insomnia profile. Linking the knowledge from these two cohorts is what made the difference.

Deep Sleep A Fountain Of Youth?

As we grow old, our nights are frequently plagued by bouts of wakefulness, bathroom trips and other nuisances as we lose our ability to generate the deep, restorative slumber we enjoyed in youth. But does that mean older people just need less sleep? Not according to UC Berkeley researchers, who argue in an article published in the journal Neuron that the unmet sleep needs of the elderly elevate their risk of memory loss and a wide range of mental and physical disorders.

“Nearly every disease killing us in later life has a causal link to lack of sleep,” said senior author, Matthew Walker, a UC Berkeley professor of psychology and neuroscience. “We’ve done a good job of extending life span, but a poor job of extending our health span. We now see sleep, and improving sleep, as a new pathway for helping remedy that.”

Sleep deterioration has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, obesity, diabetes and stroke. Though older people are less likely to notice or report mental fogginess and other symptoms of sleep deprivation, numerous brain studies reveal how poor sleep leaves them cognitively worse off. Moreover, the shift from deep, consolidated sleep in youth to fitful, dissatisfying sleep can start as early as the thirties, paving the way for sleep-related cognitive and physical ailments in middle age.

While the pharmaceutical industry is raking in billions by catering to insomniacs, Walker warns that the pills designed to help us doze off are a poor substitute for the natural sleep cycles that the brain needs in order to function well. “Don’t be fooled into thinking sedation is real sleep. It’s not,” he said.

Slow Wave Sleep

For their review of sleep research, Walker – along with researchers Bryce Mander and Joseph Winer – cite studies, including some of their own, that show the aging brain has trouble generating the kind of slow brain waves that promote deep curative sleep, as well as the neurochemicals that help us switch stably from sleep to wakefulness. “The parts of the brain deteriorating earliest are the same regions that give us deep sleep,” said Mander, a postdoctoral researcher in Walker’s Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory at UC Berkeley.

Aging typically brings on a decline in deep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) or “slow wave sleep,” and the characteristic brain waves associated with it, including both slow waves and faster bursts of brain waves known as “sleep spindles.” Youthful, healthy slow waves and spindles help transfer memories and information from the hippocampus, which provides the brain’s short-term storage, to the prefrontal cortex, which consolidates the information, acting as the brain’s long-term storage.

“Sadly, both these types of sleep brain waves diminish markedly as we grow old, and we are now discovering that this sleep decline is related to memory decline in later life,” said Winer. Another deficiency in later life is the inability to regulate neurochemicals that stabilize our sleep and help us transition from sleep to waking states. These neurochemicals include galanin, which promotes sleep, and orexin, which promotes wakefulness. A disruption to the sleep-wake rhythm commonly leaves older adults fatigued during the day but frustratingly restless at night.

Of course, not everyone is vulnerable to sleep changes in later life: “Just as some people age more successfully than others, some people sleep better than others as they get older, and that’s another line of research we’ll be exploring,” Mander said.

Quantity Vs. Quality Sleep

Meanwhile, non-pharmaceutical interventions are being explored to boost the quality of sleep, such as electrical stimulation to amplify brain waves during sleep and acoustic tones that act like a metronome to slow brain rhythms. However, promoting alternatives to prescription and over-the-counter sleep aids is sure to be challenging.

Also important to consider in changing the culture of sleep is the question of quantity versus quality. “Previously, the conversation has focused on how many hours you need to sleep,” Mander said. “However, you can sleep for a sufficient number of hours, but not obtain the right quality of sleep. We also need to appreciate the importance of sleep quality. Indeed, we need both quantity and quality.”

Possible Correlation Between Quality Of Sleep And Dementia

The benefits of sleep are common knowledge to most, however, that doesn’t stop many people from not getting as much of it as they should based on their hectic lifestyles. Not only will sound sleep allow you to be more alert, make better split-second decisions, and also improve stress management, but it may also be deeply tied to preventing challenging, life altering illnesses. A recent study found that there may be a correlation between those who get less REM (rapid eye movement) sleep during the night and those who are at greater risk of developing dementia.

There are five different stages of sleep. The first stage is light sleep, and the second stage is when the body prepares itself to transition into a deeper sleep – which continues to stages three and four. The final and fifth stage is referred to as REM sleep. This is also known as the dream stage where the process of dreaming occurs.

Certain things happen in the last and final stage of sleep that don’t during the others, such as elevated body temperature, quickened pulse and faster breathing. Typically the REM stage occurs about an hour to an hour and a half into the sleeping process and will occur numerous times throughout the night cycle. Certain people experience interruption in their sleep patterns or specific disturbances that make this type of rest very difficult to achieve.

The Dementia Link

“Sleep disturbances are common in dementia but little is known about the various stages of sleep and whether they play a role in dementia risk,” explains study author Matthew P. Ease PhD.  “We set out to discover which stages of sleep may be linked to dementia and while we did not find a link with deep sleep, we did with REM sleep.”

The study was compiled of over 300 individuals over the age of 67. Sleep data was compiled on each person. Thirty-two of the people were diagnosed with some type of dementia at the time with 24 who had Alzheimer’s disease. Only 17 percent of those who developed dementia spent more than 15% of their total sleep time in REM sleep. This is compared to over 20 percent of those who did not develop dementia.

The findings of the study clearly denote that REM sleep and the lack of it can be a predictor of dementia. The way that the mind works to process information, store memories and even dream is directly tied to our ability to properly rest our bodies and engage our minds, even if we do so subconsciously and without really knowing it.

So the next course of action is to determine why the lowered amount of REM sleep predicts this greater risk of dementia and find ways to intervene so that the end result isn’t as bleak and troubling. Though there were over 300 participants that took part in this study, it was shown that the sample size was a bit on the small side.

The importance of getting enough sleep, and quality sleep at that, is much more crucial than we could have previously understood. The brain is a complex and multifaceted organism and countless other studies will need to be conducted in order for us to truly understand its depth.

Sleeping Troubles May Have Evolutionary Cause

New research reveals that sleeping difficulties in older patients may have their root in evolutionary selection pressures. Studying a tribe of modern hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a group of researchers found that varying sleep patterns aid survival of the group.

Many people encounter trouble sleeping as they get older. Insomnia is a frequent problem facing the elderly, and many people report being unable to sleep until later and later into the night. These difficulties are often taken to be a sign that something is wrong. However, new research conducted by academics from UNLV, Duke University, and the University of Toronto, Mississauga suggests that trouble sleeping, especially among the elderly, may be a remnant of our evolutionary past. Having some members of a group awake during the night conferred significant survival advantages to our ancestors.

Sleep Study

The Hazda are organized into small groups of 20 to 30 people, and they spend their days searching for food before reconvening to sleep near each other around a fire or in huts made of grass and branches. Essentially, they live today like our early ancestors did, making them a useful population to study. Learning about how they live can give us insight into earlier humans. The study involved 33 men and women between the ages of 20 and 60 who agreed to wear watch-like devices on their wrists for 20 days. These devices recorded their movements during the nighttime.

The Findings

Sleep patterns varied widely among the group, researchers found. The average sleep cycle began at 10 p.m. and ended at 7 a.m., but other versions of the cycle existed, some beginning hours earlier and others beginning hours later. All of them were roused at some point during the night, sometimes to relieve themselves and sometimes to perform activities like tending to infants or smoking.

Between the varying cycles and activity during the night, researchers found only 18 minutes out of all 220 hours of the study during which every member of the group was soundly asleep at the same time. Later bedtimes were correlated with older participants in the study, but none of the participants complained of sleep problems, suggesting that these were natural sleep routines for them.

The research suggests that many sleep ailments might not indicate a problem. They just might be a natural result of our evolutionary past.

As Charlie Nunn, professor of evolutionary anthropology at Duke puts it, “A lot of older people go to doctors complaining that they wake up early and can’t get back to sleep, but maybe there’s nothing wrong with them.” Their apparent problems, he continued, may be a “relic of an evolutionary past in which they were beneficial.”


Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Doctor of Philosophy

Saklofske, Donald H

This article-based dissertation incrementally advanced our understanding of the contentiously debated (mal)adaptiveness of perfectionistic strivings (i.e., self-oriented perfectionism and personal standards). Perfectionistic strivings’ relations with negative emotionality, narcissism, depressive symptoms, and suicide were examined using structural equation modeling, path analysis, and meta-analysis. Additionally, bifactor modeling was used to explore how controlling for perfectionistic concerns (i.e., socially prescribed perfectionism, concern over mistakes, and doubts about actions) impacts perfectionistic strivings’ factor structure. Results suggest perfectionistic strivings are neither adaptive, healthy, positive, functional, nor advisable. Indeed, perfectionistic strivings exacerbated perfectionistic concerns’ relationship with negative emotionality. Likewise, controlling for perfectionistic concerns rendered perfectionistic strivings an unreliable factor. Self-oriented perfectionism also had a small, unique positive relationship with narcissistic grandiosity. Furthermore, perfectionistic strivings predicted small longitudinal increases in depressive symptoms beyond neuroticism. Similarly, daughters’ self-oriented perfectionism conferred risk for daughters’ depressive symptoms by eroding daughters’ social self-esteem. Lastly, perfectionistic strivings had a small positive relationship with suicide ideation. Overall, findings lend credence and coherence to theoretical accounts suggesting self-imposed pressures to be perfect are part of the premorbid personality of people prone to depression, suicide, social disconnection, negative emotionality, and narcissistic grandiosity. Investigators are strongly advised to cease a-priori labeling perfectionistic strivings “adaptive perfectionism”; doing so is an oversimplification of a double-edged, potentially lethal, construct. Researchers are also encouraged to explore further the perils of partialling.

Available for download on Saturday, December 01, 2018


Thumbrint almond cookies with strawberry jam and vanilla glaze

So I was bored, home alone and… Bored. So I made cookies.

225g room-temp butter

2 dl sugar

5 dl all-purpose flour

1/2 teaspoon almond extract

strawberry jam

1.75 dl icing sugar

1-3 teaspoons milk

1/2 tablespoon vanilla sugar (icing sugar with vanilla beans)

How to:

Preheat oven to 175C/350F.

In a standing mixer, beat butter, sugar and almond extract until light and fluffy.

The gradually add the flour until combine, do not over beat.

Roll into balls, about 2.5 cm in diameter. Make an indentation in the middle and fill with jam.

Bake for 14-16 minutes (until the bottoms are lightly browned)

Let them cool on the baking sheet for a few minutes before moving them to a cooling rack to cool completely before they’re ready to be glazed.

Mix the dry ingredients and gradually add the milk until desired consistency is reached.

Using a piping bag, drizzle the glaze on the cookies.

There you go! Enjoy!

Happy baking!


Total Number of words made out of Reopen = 43

Reopen is an acceptable word in Scrabble with 8 points. Reopen is an accepted word in Word with Friends having 10 points. Reopen is a 6 letter medium Word starting with R and ending with N. Below are Total 43 words made out of this word.

Anagrams of reopen

1). opener 2). pereon

5 letter Words made out of reopen

1). prone 2). preen

4 letter Words made out of reopen

1). repo 2). open 3). rope 4). peen 5). peer 6). pone 7). pore 8). porn 9). pree 10). peon 11). neep 12). nope 13). erne

3 letter Words made out of reopen

1). nee 2). ern 3). ere 4). pro 5). ope 6). eon 7). rep 8). roe 9). ree 10). per 11). pen 12). one 13). pee 14). nor 15). ore

2 letter Words made out of reopen

1). pe 2). on 3). oe 4). or 5). re 6). er 7). en 8). no 9). ne 10). op

Also see:- Words starting with Reopen

Reopen Meaning :- To open again.

Scrabble finderAnagram FinderCrossword Solver

Note There are 3 vowel letters and 3 consonant letters in the word reopen. R is 18th, E is 5th, O is 15th, P is 16th, N is 14th, Letter of Alphabet series.


Steven Vargas, Program Coordinator in MAP- HOPWA program was appointed to a four year term as one of five community members on the National Antiretroviral Guidelines Panel. The primary goal of the panel is to provide HIV medical care providers with recommendations based on current knowledge of antiretroviral used to treat people living with HIV. Steven has been placed on the teams responsible for reviewing the guidelines for older patients, people who use drugs, and those living with HIV and either Hepatitis C or B.  Steven serves on a number of boards and advisory councils in Texas and is committed to empowering our communinty.


How to Make Microwavable Eggs

Next Video:
How to Make Microwavable Eggs....5

You don't necessarily need a pot or pan if you want to cook eggs. Make microwavable eggs with help from a chef and culinary instructor in this free video clip.

Part of the Video Series: Cooking With Eggs
Promoted By Zergnet

Video Transcript

Hi, my name is Dana Johnson and I'd like to welcome you to learn how to make microwavable eggs. So much fun. This is so convenient the kids can do this by themselves. Well it depends how old they are of course. I think a 13 year old made it last night and loved it. So it's not only good for breakfast but any time of the day. I have two eggs and a fork and just a little splash of water. I'm going to take some non-stick cooking spray. I'm going to coat the inside of this coffee mug. I'm going to take some crumbled bacon. Place it in the bottom. Probably about a good teaspoon or two. And you can take some grated cheese about the same amount and put that in. So now you are going to take this egg mixture and pour it in here. And I have a 1000 watt microwave oven so microwave ovens due vary. But for this I need it to be for one minute and 30 seconds. I used the bacon and the cheese in the bottom of the coffee mug but you can use other things, variations as well. Maybe peppers or onions, whatever you like to cook with your eggs. Anything maybe like mushrooms and cheese. Something that you might create as an omelet for example. We're on. Oh and there it went, it went and creeped back down. So how about this, this is the coolest two eggs from a microwave you'll ever see. Look at that. Oh can you see it. With the intense heat of microwave cooking you have to always remember when you take it from the microwave oven up to two minutes after it still continues to cook. A lot of times you'll see that even on frozen meals of certain types. It will tell you let it sit for one minute. The reason is it's continuing to cook. So we are still continuing to cook here. So for more recipes please visit me at

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