Tuesday, November 22, 2011

How did they make change 101

How did they make change 101
Willkie Collins and Charles Dickens both disagreed with the way Britain proceeded with colonizing the rest of the world; the two authors portray their opinions, relating to foreign affairs, from opposite sides of the conflict. Collins presents us with Seringapatam on the brink of the turning of the century; he identifies the instigator of the original theft of the moonstone as an able, white, British soldier. Dickens brings us into the untidy world of Caddy, exposing us to her trials with Mrs. Jellyby, the irresponsible mother lost in Brrioboola Gha, Africa. We are given Ezra Jennings by Collins as the ignoble bearer of truth, whose life is fulfilled by his respectably being acknowledged by the nobility he so desperately yearns to be a part of.  Acknowledging that there was conflict throughout the way the British Empire was spreading its ideals into eastern culture spotlighted the problems within colonialism and made them relevant for everyone to reflect upon.
            Collins begins his novel in seventeen ninety-nine with a letter written by an unknown and un identified author calling out to his loved ones during a treacherous time of war between the British army and the indigenous people of Seringapatam. The writer of the letter demands that his family take a second look at his cousin John Herncastle. A man, the narrator writes, who presumably murdered three monks to steal a rock.  The rock or Monnstone is supposedly cursed and beyond that the concerned family member ads “It is my conviction, or my delusion, no matter which, that crime brings its own fatality with it. I am not only persuaded of Herncastle’s guilt; I am even fanciful enough to believe that he will live to regret it, if he keeps the Diamond; and that others will live to regret taking it from him, if he gives the Diamond away.” (16) The letter is a warning; a document produced just in case the Moonstone finds itself settling into a jewelry box of a close relative.  Collins is warning us that the letter represents a reflection of the attitudes of western culture and they are unacceptable. He lets us see the Diamond as not just a relic or lost stone but an Indian treasure that maintains the ideals of the noble  and honest past.
            John Jarndyce introduces Esther into the “amanuensis” (39) world of Miss. Jellyby, the seriously depressed daughter of a woman so wrapped up in Africa she forgets she’s living in London. Mrs. Jellyby the mother of who knows how many children is a philanthropist with a vision. The house she lives in is a testament to her character. She sees herself fulfilling her duty to society by attempting to maintain and perpetuate the British class system by moving it along to Africa.  Mrs. Jellyby is so obsessed with upholding the appearance of her virtues that she overlooks her obligations to her family. Mrs. Jellyby even admits to devoting all of her energy to the project. She say’s,
The African project at present employs my whole time. It involves me in correspondence with public bodies, and with private individuals anxious for the welfare of their species all over the county… It involves the devotion of all my energies, such as they are, but that is nothing, so that it succeeds, and I am more confident of success every day.(38)
One thing she forgets to mentions through her talk with Miss. Summerson is that she also employs young Miss. Caddy Jellyby to labor over the bureaucracies of the her business. Miss. Jellyby is forced into working to help her mother succeed in her endeavor. Caddy is unhappy with her life helping her mother. She is aware of the degradation her mother’s endeavors are causing their family. Caddy say’s things like “I wish Africa was dead!...I hate it and detest it. It’s a beast!”(44).  She is sick and her mother is the cause. Mrs. Jellyby is toxic and Jaryndyce wants Esther to understand that. Dickens needs his readers to understand the irony presented in Mrs. Jellyby and the state of her affairs at home in comparison to her vision of Africa.
            In between Franklin Blake’s two contributions to The Moonstone we find the truth to what happened in the house the night of Rachel’s eighteenth birthday; a mystery “Extracted from the Journals of Ezra Jennings”, a lonely, half-breed, British-Indian, drug addict, who uses science to reveal the secret. Ezra Jennings presents Mr. Blake with a solution to his dilemma in assuming,
That the influence of the opium - after impelling [Franklin] to possess [himself] of the Diamond, with the purpose of securing its safety – might also impel [him], acting under the same influence and the same motive, to hide it somewhere in [his] own room.(394)
 The possible solution requires that several characters entrust a crazy looking, dark skinned, piebald, doctor and allow him to drug a gentlemen with a powerful and addictive sedative. Betteredge say’s “You have done a wonderful number of foolish things in the course of your life, Mr. Franklin; but this tops them all!”(398) The butler belongs to the old school. He can’t seem to move outside the realm of Robinson Crusoe, maintaining a certain kind of deportment that just doesn’t accept poor, old, dying, ethnic Jennings. No one outside of the two lovers encourages Ezra in his experiment. When Miss Verinder expresses how much he means to her Ezra finds great pleasure and remarks,
She looked at my ugly wrinkled face, with a bright gratitude so near to me in my experience of my fellow-creatures, that I was at a loss how to answer her. Nothing had prepared me for her kindness and her beauty. The misery of many years has not hardened my heart, thank God.(415)
She makes him feel like a teenager again. Jennings participation in the world of Franklin Blake and Rachel Verinder justifies his existence. Ezra finds solace in the fact that his experiment brings the couple together.  Motivated by Rachel’s letter, he writes,
Is it possible (I ask myself, in reading this delightful letter) that I, of all men in the world, am chosen to be the means of bringing these two young people together again? My own happiness has been trampled under foot; my own love has been torn from me. Shall I live to see a happiness of others, which is of my making – a love renewed, which is of my bringing back?(399)
Jennings brings forward a solution to the troubles of colonial nineteenth century England; he incorporates science, and introduces the exotic aspect in a way that the gentry can accept. Collins kills Ezra to leave the audience with his impression of the consequences of receiving the ideal solution to finding out what really happened to the Moonstone.
            Conquering the world comes at a cost; Dickens and Collins understood the price of conquest and they felt it reflected upon their society negatively. Was the Moonstone worth murdering three monks and devastating a family for? Herncastle’s reasons for attaining it were wrong. So no, it wasn’t worth it. Mrs. Jellyby was an obnoxious old hypocrite that participated in the degradation of her own family. Yet Dickens attributes Caddy with a scenes entitlement that allows her to escape the grips of her mother. Collins allows Ezra to die, but he does it after the reuniting of the lovers.  Both authors believe there are solutions to the problems created by their nations growth. We can see that they felt incorporating progressive beliefs, like science, drugs, secret engagements and multicultural acceptance, into their narratives they could help instigate a change to move forward away from the corruption.

Works Cited
                        Collins, Wilkie “The Moonstone“. London:Penguin, 1998, Print.
                        Dickens, Charles “Bleak House”. NewYork: Modern Library, 2002, Print.

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A description of qualitative marketing research

a description of qualitative marketing research Quantitative data looks at the size of your market while quantitative data looks at the reasons why your market needs your product or services there are many ways to approach qualitative research.

Qualitative research is a scientific method of observation to gather non-numerical data this type of research refers to the meanings, concepts definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and description of things and not to their counts or measures. Chapter 1 qualitative research 3 still other definitions focus on the process and context of data collection: qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the. Popular qualitative market research methods include focus group studies, depth interviews triads (one interviewer, two respondents, and dyads (one interviewer, one respondent,) and observational techniques such as ethnography and, popular in marketing research, photo ethnography. Qualitative marketing research involves a natural or observational examination of the philosophies that govern consumer behavior the direction and framework of the research is often revised as new information is gained, allowing the researcher to evaluate issues and subjects in an in-depth manner.

9,040 qualitative research jobs available on indeedcom apply to research intern, research analyst, vice president of information technology and more. It presents qualitative marketing research in the broader context of marketing and managerial decisions, consumer psychology and contemporary knowledge about this is a perfect guide to understanding the core principles of qualitative marketing research. Journal description qualitative market research: an international journal furthers the frontiers of knowledge and understanding of qualitative market research and its applications, exploring many. Employers you'll find the majority of positions are in market research agencies or consultancies these specialist agencies manage and oversee research projects commissioned by a range of organisations, including businesses, advertising and pr agencies, local and central government and charities.

Originally used as a market research tool to investigate the appeal of various products, the focus group technique has been adopted by other fields, such as education, as a tool for data gathering on a given topic. Quantitative and qualitative market research are like siblings - similar but still different in this lesson, we'll compare the two research types when it comes to data collection and analysis.

Qualitative research, on the other hand, involves collecting ideas, opinions, consumer behaviour, likes and dislikes, perceptions and attitudes on subjects which are the focus of market research activities. Qualitative marketing research market research companies using methods to obtain information from relatively small, non-quantifiable samples. Definition of qualitative market research: interviews conducted with a small number of consumers, primarily to gather initial consumer needs or early reactions to new product concepts dictionary term of the day articles subjects. The association for qualitative research practitioners (aqr) offers a foundation course for those entering qualitative research if you have work experience before you enter, this is a particular advantage. Qualitative researcher jobs 155 jobs to view and apply for now with research jobfinder.

Qualitative marketing research clearly explains the use and importance of qualitative methods, clarifying the theories behind the methodology and providing concrete examples and exercises which illustrate its application to management studies and marketing this book is intended for all students of. Market research is an important component of modern business strategy the process of systematic gathering, recording and analysing of data about customers, competitors and the market market research can help create a business plan, launch a new product, fine tune existing ones and expand into new markets. Typically, market research analysts have a bachelor's degree in one of the following: marketing, market research, statistics, computer science, math, social sciences, business administration, or communications. Qualitative research is designed to reveal the meaning that informs the action or outcomes that are typically measured by quantitative research so, qualitative researchers investigate meanings, interpretations, symbols, and the processes and relations of social life.

A description of qualitative marketing research

This market research analyst job description template is optimized for posting on online job boards or careers pages this job description is easy to customize with the analysis skills and responsibilities your company needs. The process of conducting primary market research and collecting market research data and information can be broken down into two methods quantitative and qualitative research. The distinction between primary and secondary research is really about the different sources of market information a different way of thinking about market research is to consider the two main approaches - qualitative and quantitative qualitative research is based on opinions, attitudes, beliefs. Market research analysts analyze the conditions of the market to determine how well a product or service will sell skills listed on sample resumes of market research analysts include updating client information via mis operations to ensure that wealth management advisors had accurate information before speaking to clients, and organizing clients' portfolios.

Qualitative marketing differs from quantitative marketing by addressing promotional advantages you can't use numbers to describe small businesses typically have limited resources, so qualitative. How to conduct qualitative market research: a heads up don't expect to pay under $10,000 for basic qualitative research, cautions experts there are cost associate with the recruiters, facilities. Many times those that undertake a research project often find they are not aware of the differences between qualitative research and quantitative research methods.

Position will implement both quantitative and qualitative analyses, along with market research for the recruitment and attraction activities of various industry segments and in support of other county initiatives. Successful qualitative market research allows you to connect with your target audience and evoke feedback that answers why people do what they do at insights in marketing, our in-person and technology-based qualitative designs go beyond the surface of top-of-mind reactions and behavior traits. To accomplish this task, the market research analyst works with the client (either internal or external) to understand, define and document the overarching business object the market research analyst applies qualitative and quantitative techniques to interpret the data and produce substantiated recommendations.

A description of qualitative marketing research
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On a personal note, I always encourage full disclosure of a history of diabetes, even if currently diet controlled. Although a glucose level may now be within normal range, certain medical treatments/medications/illnesses may trigger a hyperglycemic (high blood glucose) level. The fully informed medical provider will closely monitor these patients and prevent uncontrolled glucose spikes from occurring.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD), which commonly affects the legs, is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries that can result from a build-up of plaque or fatty deposits in blood vessels outside the heart or brain. Because diabetics sometimes have reduced feeling in their feet and legs, they often do not feel symptoms of PAD and it goes undiagnosed and untreated. The Diabetes Treatment Center at Desert Springs Hospital take a proactive approach to PAD and provides free Ankle Brachial Index screenings for patients.

All carbohydrates – to some degree at least – will raise your blood insulin levels. That is why I consider type 2 diabetes a form of “carbohydrate intolerance”. Protein can also raise levels but to a much lesser degree. The only macronutrient that keeps your insulin levels and, therefore, your blood sugar stable is FAT! Therefore, if you are trying to reduce insulin levels, you need to reduce your amount of certain carbohydrates and replace them instead with healthy, natural fats.
Following these five principles can significantly influence blood glucose levels. However, not everyone responds the same. Some people with have immediate low blood glucose levels. Others may experience a slow and steady improvement of glucose control. Some may have temporary high glucose levels. Our experience is that this is transient and most people will improve.
By checking your own blood sugar levels, you can track your body's changing needs for insulin and work with your doctor to figure out the best insulin dosage. People with diabetes check their blood sugar up to several times a day with an instrument called a glucometer. The glucometer measures glucose levels in a sample of your blood dabbed on a strip of treated paper. Also, there are now devices, called continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS), that can be attached to your body to measure your blood sugars every few minutes for up to a week at a time. But these machines check glucose levels from skin rather than blood, and they are less accurate than a traditional glucometer.
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Although chromium does have an effect on insulin and on glucose metabolism, there is no evidence that taking chromium supplements can help in the treatment of diabetes. But chromium is found in many healthy foods, such as green vegetables, nuts, and grains. Studies have suggested that biotin, also called vitamin H, when used with chromium, may improve glucose metabolism in people with diabetes. But no studies have shown that biotin by itself is helpful.

Chong points to previous research in Circulation that describes the underlying mechanisms of sleep apnea. In people with sleep apnea, activation of the sympathetic nervous system — including increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and constriction of blood vessels — all led to a higher risk of heart attack and stroke, which can be compounded in people who have type 2 diabetes (and thus already have a higher risk of heart disease).

You can talk to your diabetes health care team about making any necessary meal or medication adjustments when you exercise. They'll offer specific suggestions to help you get ready for exercise or join a sport and give you written instructions to help you respond to any diabetes problems that may happen during exercise, like hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), or hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
Other medications such as metformin or the DPP4 drug class are weight neutral. While this won’t make things worse, they won’t make things better either. Since weight loss is the key to reversing type 2 diabetes, medications won’t make things better. Medications make blood sugars (the symptom) better, but not the diabetes (the actual disease). We’ve been pretending that the symptom is the disease.We can pretend the disease is better, but that doesn’t make it true. That’s the reason most doctors think type 2 diabetes a chronic and progressive disease. We’ve been using the wrong treatment. We’ve been prescribing drugs for a dietary disease. No wonder it doesn’t work.
Recently[when?] it has been suggested that a type of gastric bypass surgery may normalize blood glucose levels in 80–100% of severely obese patients with diabetes. The precise causal mechanisms are being intensively researched; its results may not simply be attributable to weight loss, as the improvement in blood sugars seems to precede any change in body mass. This approach may become a treatment for some people with type 2 diabetes, but has not yet been studied in prospective clinical trials.[83] This surgery may have the additional benefit of reducing the death rate from all causes by up to 40% in severely obese people.[84] A small number of normal to moderately obese patients with type 2 diabetes have successfully undergone similar operations.[85][86]
Type 2 diabetes is a condition that is characterised by chronically elevated blood sugar levels. However, the main cause as well as the driver for this condition is something called Insulin Resistance. When you eat certain foods, particularly refined carbohydrates, that food is converted to sugar inside your body. Your body’s way of dealing with this sugar is to produce a hormone called insulin. Insulin moves the sugar inside your cells so that it can be used for energy. Sounds great, right?


Freeport Property Appraiser

The Freeport property appraiser is responsible for finding, locating, and fairly valuing all property within Stephenson County with the purpose of assessing the taxable value. It's generally done at market value, which is essentially what someone would pay for the current state of your property in Freeport, Illinois. To get questions answered about your appraisal, find a property appraiser, or appeal a decision made by a property appraiser in Freeport, you can contact them at the following address:

Office Information For the Freeport, Illinois Property Appraiser

Name: Stephenson County Assessment Office

Address: 50 West Douglas, Suite 500, Freeport, Il 61032

Phone: (815)235-8260

Time Zone: Central

Frequently Asked Property Appraiser Questions:

What Does a Property Appraiser Do?
How is Property Appraised?
What Are Property Tax Exemptions?
How Do I Appeal A Property Appraisal Decision?

**Note: The information displayed on isn't guaranteed to be accurate, and you agree to use it at your own risk. We take great care in making sure that the information for the Freeport property appraiser is accurate, but if not, please contact us and we'll do our best to update it.


Serious Spirit Bomb Help

I’m stuck at the first pop of Spirit Bomb. I had it for one magical evening, now I can’t do it to save my life. I get into position, pop the yoyo into the above string and cross my hands, but for some reason instead of landing on one string with the GT-esque formation I’m landing on two strings with a weird loop twisted around my left hand. I’ve watched video after video to try and figure out what I’m doing wrong but I can’t for the life of me figure out why I’m not getting the right formation after the first pop. Any advice?

When you are ready to pop the yoyo up for the first time, as you are crossing arms turn your throw hand palm side up. This helped my land it about 98% of the time. Hope this helps

Before you go double on just twist your hands so the right hand goes underneath the left. Then you are ready for the second pop and can learn the first later. I hope u are right handed otherwise the opposite.

A thousand times this. And although you don’t necessarily need to totally bring your thumb in, be aware of whether your thumb is catching the wrong part of the string or not.

I practiced for well over a week without my palm up and with my thumb grabbing a wrong string segment as I did the cross before finally discovering the problem. A WEEK!

you think you need help? I don’t even think if I"m doing the first pop right xD the second pop? forget that haha. I’m almost giving up on that trick :confused:

(Jeremy Mryoyothrower McKay) #6

Here you go.
I tried to break down that second ‘pop’ as clearly as I could, right down to growing a 3rd arm to assist!

One thing no tutorial showed me (including this one, Jer, sorry!) is where the throwhand thumb should end up to spread the triangle. Once you’ve learned the trick it just starts to feel natural, but I learned it recently enough to remember slowing videos down to learn which space to “aim” for with my TH thumb in order to get the proper spread.

Once my thumb was in the right place, the rest of it became so much easier.

(Jeremy Mryoyothrower McKay) #8

Alright Greg, you make the tutorial, I’ll replace mine with it on the MFD site! Or at the very least film what you are talking about and I’ll redo mine.

Aw, man! That sounds like a lot of WORK! I can’t even imagine how much time you’ve put into your tutorials. You’re an insane man. Let me see what I can come up with…

(Jeremy Mryoyothrower McKay) #10

Meh, the way I do it it takes about fifteen minutes to film the average trick (longer for more complicated tricks) and 15 or 20 of editing, depending on how much I screwed up.

It always takes a little bit longer than we notice, so let’s round it up to an hour per trick. That’s still well over 100 hours of trick videos!!!

You, sir, are an insane man.

(Jeremy Mryoyothrower McKay) #12

Lol, I shall take that as a compliment.
And I believe this thread has drifted sufficently to deserve…
17 dollars?

Thanks MrYoyoM and GregP! Greg, I’d really like to see what you’re referring to in a slow-mo video!

I spend more time untying knots than I do practicing the trick itself. Right now, I’m just trying to hit the triangle on the last pop. This trick isn’t my top priority, so I only try it a few times a week, but still… I’ll celebrate the day when I can cross it off my To-Do list. :wink:

I learned this trick a bit differently I think. On the first pop my TH thumb isn’t in play. The string is around my TH wrist, not the back of my hand. This causes the triangle to form automatically.

I think this is how the trick was meant to be performed. Never know though.

Unconventional, but I can see how it would work! I just like my wrist mounts over the back of my hand, so you have to consider the thumb as both a hindrance (during the first pop) and a help (during the second pop). If the string is down around your wrist, it might just all work out!

Thanks for all the feedback and advice guys. Unfortunately, I still haven’t figured out the first pop. I’ve come the conclusion that I must be doing something wrong, but I can’t see what it is. I pop up the yoyo, bring my NTH across (and on top of) my TH, and I end with the yoyo on multiple strings instead of hanging in the configuration it needs to be in for the second pop.

Funny thing is, I got so frustrated that I started getting into position for the second pop the “cheater” way, and now I can land the second pop more often than not. I just can’t do the first pop.

The thing that helped me the most on getting it through the first pop is when you get into you wrist mount, make sure that the “Y” shape is deep. As in make the “V” part of it bigger and it helps keep the string in place for landing. I hope this helps.

if you need to, to make the “v” shape bigger, use your nonthrowhand and pull down on the string closest to your body.

I have been working on the second pop off and on for months, I can get the first part. I am having a problem with the yoyo landing on a different string and not through the triangle. Also, if I do make it through the triangle, the bottom string isn’t under the triangle, but moved over, so the yoyo doesn’t land on the string. My wrist mount, the string goes over my wrist, not the back of my hand. If someone has any other tips that aren’t mentioned, it would be a great help! Last notice, I am left handed as well.

Getting it through the triangle is tough. After wondering how anyone EVER gets it through the triangle, I discovered I was doing the second pop wrong. Once I discovered this and corrected it, my triangle was MUCH bigger and it was therefore easier to get it through. I still miss occasionally, though!

Having the wrist mount over the wrist shouldn’t make the bottom string impossible to land on, though. The distance from your slipknot to the wrist can’t be TOO large, though, or the triangle will start flattening out again. Also not sure if having it over the wrist will cause it to “catch” in such a way that you can’t open the triangle.


Clover Marker Eraser Pen Sewing Notions # CL518

Clover® Eraser Pen is convenient for marking and copying detailed designs for Applique, Embroidery, Handicrafts, Sewing and Quilting. It is used to remove markings made by water soluble marker. Test on a piece of scrap fabric before use, depending on the fabric, residual markings may remain after drying.


Frito Lay Sanitor - 222866 in Frankfort, Indiana

The Part-Time Sanitor position is responsible for cleaning and sanitizing processing and packaging equipment that produces products you already know and love. A key component of PepsiCo's success, Frito-Lay has been making the very best snacks for over 80 years. Classic Lay's, Cheetos, and Doritos are just a few of the products that you would help us produce in one of our manufacturing facilities. Although you will start out working for Frito-Lay, this job can open the door to career opportunities with our parent company, PepsiCo. Your job will be to ensure that our customers continue to trust us when it comes to food safety.As a Part-Time Sanitor, your work schedule will be 20 to 25 hours per week. Work hours can be variable and usually involve working nights and weekends, when other employees are not working or using the machinery. We also offer unbeatable benefits which include health insurance, dental and vision, retirement savings benefits including 401(k) with company contribution, vacation days, and much more.As a Sanitor, you can expect to work on your feet the entirety of your shift near heavy machinery in a loud manufacturing environment. We wear productive gear (think of a HAZMAT suit) and we squeeze, crawl, and climb wherever we need to go in order to make sure a job is done correctly. Frito-Lay manufacturing facilities are also large. While we want everyone to feel comfortable, our ability to control the temperature is limited. Indoor warehouse working conditions are impacted by seasons and the weather.Here is a list of some of the more frequent tasks you can expect to perform during a typical workday:* You will clean the equipment necessary for overall manufacturing production* You will also clean lines and processing equipment* Packaging equipment will also require your attention, which involves wiping down metal conveyors, as well as cleaning the machine itself* You will sometimes have to open valves to get the job done* You will maintain and clean all buildings, including bathrooms, but also some landscaping work outside* You will be a "first responder" for all food safety and housekeeping needs* Like the rest of the team, you will work with strong, corrosive chemicals* You will also be working with hot water and foaming and cleaning agents* You will sweep and mop floors* We will teach you the basic requirements of cleaning on the process line as well as what pieces of equipment need to be opened for sanitation. We will also provide training on "lock out" procedures which ensure your safety and the safety of your team members. Each line has different process and procedures: in some cases, you may be squeezing into a tight space, while other times you might be climbing a ladderWhether you are experience or not, please be sure that you meet the following minimum requirements prior to starting your application:* You are 18 years of age or older* You will be required to work on weekends, holidays as well as off shift* You are able to climb, bend, reach, stoop, kneel, and stretch for extended periods with or without a reasonable accommodation* You are willing and able to work at heights using ladders or lifts to access areas of the plant* You are willing and able to work in an environment that has extreme temperatures, humidity, hazardous/loud equipment, and slippery surfaces* People often ask what kind of characteristics will make them successful in this position. Do you think you have what it takes to perform at our level?Here is an idea of what our managers are looking for:* Accountable: there are no short cuts in food safety. Are you the kind of person who can follow the letter and the spirit of instructions? We follow strict FSMA guidelines to ensure our products are safe.* Coachable: do you love learning new tasks? Each piece of equipment here has its own sanitation procedure so it's important that you learn quickly and handle feedback well.* Flexibility: we look out for one another on the warehouse floor by


Watching shares of Carrefour S.A. (CRRFY), we have recently seen that the SuperTrend is currently lower than recent stock price levels. Active traders may be tracking the signal in order to figure out if the stock has entered into sell territory.

Tracking stock levels, Carrefour S.A. (CRRFY) has a 14-day Commodity Channel Index (CCI) of 147.14. Even though the name contains the word commodity, CCI can be used on other investment tools such as stocks. The CCI was developed to typically stay within the -100 to +100 levels. Traders may use the indicator to determine stock trends or to identify overbought/oversold conditions. A CCI reading above +100 would imply that the stock is overbought and possibly ready for a correction. On the other hand, a reading of -100 would imply that the stock is oversold and possibly set for a rally.

The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a highly popular momentum indicator used for technical analysis. The RSI can help display whether the bulls or the bears are currently strongest in the market. The RSI may be used to help spot points of reversals more accurately. The RSI was developed by J. Welles Wilder. As a general rule, an RSI reading over 70 would signal overbought conditions. A reading under 30 would indicate oversold conditions. As always, the values may need to be adjusted based on the specific stock and market. RSI can also be a valuable tool for trying to spot larger market turns. Carrefour S.A. (CRRFY) has a 14-day RSI of 63.54, the 7-day is at 68.81, and the 3-day is resting at 75.57.

Looking at some moving average levels on shares of Carrefour S.A. (CRRFY), the 200-day is at 3.86, the 50-day is 3.76, and the 7-day is sitting at 3.96. Moving averages can help identify trends and price reversals. They may also be used to help spot support and resistance levels. Moving averages are considered to be lagging indicators meaning that they confirm trends. A certain stock may be considered to be on an uptrend if trading above a moving average and the average is sloping upward. On the other side, a stock may be considered to be in a downtrend if trading below the moving average and sloping downward.

Checking in on the numbers for Carrefour S.A. (CRRFY), we can see that the company has a Williams Percent Range or 14 day Williams %R of -14.06. In general, if the reading goes above -20, the stock may be considered to be overbought. On the other end of the spectrum, if the indicator goes under -80, this may show the stock as being oversold. The Williams Percent Range or Williams %R is a technical indicator that was developed to measure overbought and oversold market conditions.

Investors may have various goals when it comes to making money in the stock market. Putting hard earned capital to work can pay off nicely when the proper research is completed. Investing in the stock market may not be for everyone, but it may be one of the best ways to see higher returns. Many successful investors share some of the same basic characteristics. They are typically hardworking, patient, disciplined, and work with a studious critical eye. Knowing the ins and outs of the stock market is something that may be learned over time with a lot of hard work. Although investing in the stock market entails a higher degree of risk compared to other investments, the rewards have the potential to be much greater.


Funeral Rituals – Article Example

The paper "Funeral Rituals" is an exceptional example of an article review on religion and theology. Diversity in culture has manifested a variety of ways by which people have practiced traditions in marriage, festivities and even in funerals. For this particular essay, two online articles would be selected to describe two different funeral event and the rituals from disparate cultures where a comparative analysis of the rituals would be proffered.
From the Assyrian culture, an article entitled “Assyrian Rituals of Life-Cycle Events” written by Yoab Benjamin and published in the Assyrian International News Agency (AINA) in 2011 described funeral events as simple and adheres to strict religious traditions. As indicated, the custom is to bury the dead quickly, possibly within the day of death. According to the author, “the washing of the body is performed in strict accordance with the ceremony prescribed in the Book of the Dead” (Benjamin: Death and Burial par. 6). A funeral procession composed only of men accompany the dead to the burial ground where special hymns are sung along the way. Interment prescribes “the coffin is placed by the side of the excavation, which has been dug east-west so the dead will face east” (Benjamin par. 10). Incenses, prayers, and hymns are offered during the ritual.
In another article entitled “Video of bin Laden's sea burial to be released?” written by Brinley Bruton of NBC News and msn on May 2, 2011, the sea burial was described as consistent with the procedures for Islamic burial, to wit: “(1) the deceased's body was washed and then placed in a white sheet; (2) the body was placed in a weighted bag; (3) a military officer read prepared religious remarks that were translated into Arabic by a native speaker; (4) after the words were complete, the body was placed on a prepared flat board, tipped up, whereupon the deceased's body eased into the sea from the USS Carl Vinson” (Burton par. 7). As indicated, “according to Islamic teachings, the highest honor to be bestowed on the dead is giving the deceased a swift burial, preferably before sunset” (Burton par. 21). If dead bodies were buried in a grave, the head should be reportedly pointed towards the holy city of Mecca.
The similarities could be deduced in terms of the following prescribed procedures according to what the respective cultural orientations define, including facing strategic locations. There are similarities also with the swiftness of which the deceased is interred into the grave (or sea).  The differences are in the amount of time for preparing the body, with the Assyrian burial allotting more intricacies in ritual than practiced in bin Laden’s sea burial.


The Zahiri <i>Madhhab</i> (3rd/9th-10th/16th Century): A Textualist Theory of Islamic Law

In this book, Amr Osman seeks to expand and re-interpret what we know about the history and doctrine of the Zahiri madhhab. Based on an extensive prosopographical survey, he concludes that the founder, Dawud al-Zahiri, was closer in profile and doctrine to the Ahl al-Ra'y than to the Ahl al-Hadith. Furthermore, Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi may have had a damaging effect on the madhhab, which never actually developed into a full-fledged school of law. By examining the meaning of `zahir' and modern scholarship on `literalism', he challenges the view that Zahirism was literalist, proposing `textualism' as an accurate reflection of its premises, methodology, and goals as a hermeneutical and legal theory.


A mirror is a magical, interior design device that can be used to create a sense of space and light where there was just a blank wall before. Place mirrors, centred over your furniture to create an attractive cluster and where there are ‘dead ends’ to transform your home.


Samajajpur road repair continues on war footing

Puri: With three days remaining for the world famous Rath Yatra, the task of repairing the road near Samajajpur bridge is being done on war footing. Soil from both side of the bridge washed away due to rain on Tuesday.

The road passing through Samajajpur village was also washed away due to rain causing inconvenience for the commuters.

However, the administration swung into action and repaired the road for the visitors. Now, there is no problem for plying of vehicles on the road, Puri Collector said adding he has apprised the matter to concerned department.

Also Read: Axle Of Devi Subhadra’s Chariot Breaks


Tips for Improving a Real Estate Website.

There are several real estate websites belonging to agents and companies that are in real estate business. Real estate agents and companies depend on this sites for their sale of houses and property as well as rental apartments, homes, offices, warehouses, and other buildings and activities. The websites receive high traffic of viewers each day, but sometimes, that does not translate into a sale of a property. With the stiff competition in the real estate business, here are some tips on how real estate companies or agents can improve their website to get more clients.

Firstly, set aside some funds to incur in re-modeling or giving your website a new look altogether. Consult a professional web designer to help with the website update if you do not have the required skills. The first thing to know is whether the current website is meeting its objectives. Why was the website set-up? The company should also seek to understand whether the website represents the company's image or not. When a visitor opens the site, what is the first impression he or she receives? Learn more on property prices in malaysia.

Provide high-quality images of the properties up for sale or rent on the website. Include videos of the property as well. If the current photos are not good quality, consider hiring a professional photographer to take quality videos and pictures for use on the website. Take care not to fill the site with too many photos and videos as it may slow down the process of loading pages. Avoid using internet downloaded images, and instead, use real photos of what you are selling.

Make the website user-friendly. The visitor should be able to find the information he or she needs at the click of a button. Provide a search bar where a visitor can input in keywords when looking for a property, and have the results generated and displayed at the shortest time possible. You can group properties for sale or rent according to location, price, etc. to will allow the site visitors search for property in their locality with ease. The site should also be accessible on several devices such as phone, tablet, PC, etc.

Regularly update the website on the available properties for sale if any property such as land or house has been sold, indicate clearly that the property is sold to avoid giving false information to clients. If you had offers or discounts on various properties, also remember to remove the banners when the sale runs out. Explore more on property in melaka.


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Meet Merell Billacura, Newton Fund grant awardee.

Research topic: Impact of Diet on Gene Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes

Host institution / UK university: Nottingham Trent University

Home institution: Mindanao State University

Degree programme: PhD Biomedical Sciences

Describe your PhD research in layman’s terms.

Preliminary data in the Turner group has shown that over 3,000 pancreatic genes have a 2-fold or greater change in gene activity as a consequence of exposure to a high sugar and fat environment that is representative of that experienced by patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. The challenge now is to understand which of these genes drives the decreased insulin secretion and increased pancreatic cell death that results from chronic exposure to a high sugar, fat diet. By so doing, we aim to develop a number of novel strategies that work through mechanisms independent of current options for diabetes treatment. If successful, this would then ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic agents to help fight diabetes.

What is the relevance of your study to the economic development, welfare and poverty issues in the Philippines?

This project supports the nation’s commitment to foster healthier and more productive lives among the Filipino population. As diabetes is predicted to rise from 2.77 million affected individuals in the Philippines in 2000 to 7.8 million in 2030 ( this represents a significant and major threat to both the health and economy of the Philippines. Importantly diabetes is known to exert a disproportionate negative effect on the poorest and most vulnerable in society.

The work proposed in this project is likely to lead to the development of novel pharmaceuticals. The technology pipeline developed will subsequently be made available for adoption by the DOH, DOST and PCHRD. It is envisaged that this would then contribute to strengthen the economy through investment and employment in local science and pharmaceutical industries. Additional contributions would come through taxes, potentially significant earnings from external trade, and indirect effects to the local economy.

How do you envision your UK education can contribute to your future career as a researcher?

At the end of my doctoral studies, I intent to have dealings through sustainable active collaboration with Turner’s Research Group to discuss significant and high impact researches about diabetes. Furthermore, my home institution, Mindanao State University, may establish an agreement with Nottingham Trent University to have a 6-12 month exchange student program in our undergraduate and graduate level to do research and gain knowledge on the state-of-the-art facilities and methodologies. Aside from this, our University could potentially invite Professors from NTU to do lectures, seminar-workshops and trainings to practically transpose their knowledge and technology for us to learn, enhance and cultivate the culture of doing researches on metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

How has the commitment of the UK in science and technology influence your decision in choosing the Newton Fund?

United Kingdom has been a major contributor in research, technology and innovation worldwide. This involvement benefited mankind into a greater extent in providing help in alleviating problems in food security, health, energy, and environmental resilience.

UK partnership with the Department of Science and Technology through Newton Agham Programme ensures noble collaboration and linkages between Philippines and UK researchers. And this would greatly help strengthen research and promote the economic development of the Philippines.


One of my specialties is working with highly sensitive people. I am one, so I know the territory well!

Elaine Aron coined the term Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) to describe people who process sensory data more deeply and thoroughly than average due to a biological difference in their nervous systems. High sensitivity is found in about 20% of the human population. This ratio holds true in most animal species as well, from fish and fruit flies to dogs and horses.

HSPs tend to be more aware of subtleties in our environments and our bodies are more sensitive to stimuli. This means that we feel everything—‘good’ and ‘bad’—more intensely than people who are not wired this way. Hence HSPs need to be more attentive than non-sensitive people to staying within an optimal range of stimulation. For example, going to a shopping mall could be potentially overstimulating to an HSP—what with fluorescent lights, crowds and stores pumping loud music—whereas a non-HSP might think nothing of it. HSPs often require more down time and solitude than people who do not consider themselves to be sensitive.

As a group, HSPs can be particularly intuitive, creative, conscientious, and empathic. We are good at sensing non-verbal cues and tuning in to the personal and collective unconscious. These qualities enable us to excel as artists, healers and mystics. Sensitivity is a spectrum; some sensitive people are more sensitive than others. All bodies are different, and none of them come with owner’s manuals. It is up to each of us to figure out what we need to function optimally and create the conditions that will support us in doing so.

That’s where I come in.

I empower my clients to create lives in which they thrive, so they can use their sensitivity as a gift. In a society that values more-bigger-faster-louder, being sensitive can seem like a liability. Yet if you learn how to care for your sensitive self in the midst of such a culture, your sensitivity can enhance the quality of your life and help you fulfill your purpose.


Learn English Free

Common Mistakes and Confusing Words in English

remainder vs reminder

The remainder of something is whatever is left over. As a noun, remainder refers to a part, number, or quantity that is left.

For example:-

I couldn't eat all my Subway sandwich, so hubby ate the remainder.

A reminder can be anything that causes you to remember something, it can also be a message or note, or any communciation designed to ensure that you remember something.

For example:-

I set my Google calendar to send me a reminder before an English session begins.

Confusing Words


Taroudant, Morocco - After various statements made by Lahcen Daoudi, Minister of Higher Education, in which he highlighted the importance of English for students aspiring to build a bright future, the Moroccan official has reportedly signed a circular making it obligatory for scientific students to master English language before they can be admitted in science Universities.


Faith and beliefs are supposed to bring out the best in ourselves and in others. By treating people with respect, honesty and honour; is a sign of a believer and good person inside and out. Thus, it is not allowed in Islam to spread stories such as rumors, gossip and even engaging in bad-mouthing another person.

It is also important for everyone to remember that Islam teaches us to refrain from talking about people behind their backs. Even in the teachings of the Al-Quran, the holy book teaches us not to engage in speculations and assumptions. Assumptions are the windows to our lives and when we assume, we naturally believe what we ‘create’ in our minds to be true, and with those assumptions, we naturally fill in the blanks with our interpretations of what we see or hear.

“But you are making assumptions without all the facts, and that’s not a sign of intelligence” C.C Hunter.

It has been repeated in the Quran; Muslims are warned about the sins of the tongue, as “backbiting” or “bad-mouthing” is something that is regarded as distasteful and an act of cannibalism.

“Oh you who believe! Avoid suspicion as much (as possible), for suspicion in some cases is a sin” (Quran 49:6).

Hence, a positive way to simply avoid gossiping in Islam is to first, always remember that Allah sees and knows all things. We should also always recognize that nobody is perfect and everybody is lacking in some way.

Second, “cut the cord”. Every once in a while everyone has to go through these phases in life where they had to make tough decisions in cutting the cord with anyone that no longer serves a purpose in their life, especially when that person constantly exudes the negative energy that not only affects themselves but also to everyone around them.

Third, to avoid gossiping, especially in this era of social media, where each walk of life’s main purpose is to post an update every single thing that has happened in their lives. It’s the era of posts and ‘likes’, and all with the purpose of yearning for attention. A break from social media is sometimes what you really need to take a breather from everybody. There is both good and bad when it comes to social media and by cleansing, the best solution when you want to abolish and eradicate that toxic energy you have left hanging in your back closet.

Forth, is to have an unbothered way of thinking. It is important for everyone to recognize that shaytan seeks to fuel doubt and mistrust among the believers. Thus “let the one who believes in Allah and the Hereafter utter good words, or let him be silent”. By having this mantra as your backbone to live a better and clean life, you will start to realize how a huge weight has been lifted off your chest. The unbothered way of thinking is when you hear a rumor about someone’s misfortune, you strive for compassion rather than continuing or passing along the gossip.

When you’ve mastered the art of unbothered thinking, it will be easier for you to slide into the fifth step which is to have a positive outlook on life. Where there will be no spying. Spying further fuels misinformation and thus creates a climate of mistrust amongst one another. Sometimes, we have to be corny and by remembering ourselves that life is way too short to be wasting it on someone else’s life.

“And spy not on each other behind their backs. Fear Allah. For Allah is the Most Merciful” (Quran 49:11-12).

A wise woman once said, by constantly complaining and gossiping about other people’s lives and personal matters, you are allowing that negativity stay and fester in your minds “rent free”. Why bother about other people’s mess and problems and passing along the gossip when you can focus on building and rebuilding yourself for the better you? We only live once. Focus on you and positive things will happen. Insha Allah.


6 September 2003

Cryptic movie cache

Hollywood has long seen broadband video-on-demand (VoD) as a great way to make renting movies simpler. But delivering movies on demand by satellite or online takes time and gobbles up bandwidth. CSIR, a company based in Pretoria, South Africa, has an answer (WO 03/041383). A hard-disc recorder steadily downloads digital movies by the dozen from a satellite channel, while building an on-screen index of everything stored. All the films are encrypted, so nothing can be viewed unless the viewer buys a movie from the list. The VoD service provider then sends a decryption key that unlocks the …

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Artificial Pterosaur Model For Indoor Statues Dinosaur Attraction

hu, june Blog

To make the animated Pterosaur model, which is greatly required in some kinds of parks with the trees, our technicians spent over 2 days to finish the complex design, containing to calculate out the suitable distances of the flying back and forth, so that make the Pterosaur dinosaur fly in between the trees, and not contacting any of the trees at the same time.

All in all, the flying distance is confirmed to 7m(although the total sizes is more than 30 m), so the barrier will be set , by the way, the barrier has to be an insulating materials, then the radars on the Pterosaur can react once closing the barriers, to keep the safe flying.


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See also


What are the ways health can be conceptualized by a society

Many efforts have been implemented to review the evidence and to search for solutions to the problem see Gwatkin, It is the combined influence of these determinants of health that ultimately determines health status.

Finally, public policy interventions undertaken by government are given particular emphasis, but an analogous role can be served by other large components of civil society: In addition, the limits of community change interventions and the need to engage in broader policy programs that can affect social and structural factors must be recognized.

This chapter continues to explore the ecologic framework, describing theoretical concepts and sample interventions at the organizational, community, and societal levels.

The healthiest populations are those in societies which are prosperous and have an equitable distribution of wealth. Given the potential importance of organizational culture to the success of change efforts Schein,future studies should routinely assess and diagnose this factor.

Finally, it discusses the connection between health policies, health determinants, and health. One example, the National 5-A-Day Campaign, is described here to illustrate the scope of this type of intervention Stables, ; Heimendinger et al.

TSOP was established in by faculty and graduate students at the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, with the initial goals of enhancing mental and physical health by reducing social isolation and providing health education, and of bringing together local residents to identify common problems and solutions for addressing those shared concerns Minkler, Government also can help provide the means for safer behavior by removing legal impediments to behavior change e.

Health Policies, Health Determinants and Health

Tarlov proposed a framework for thinking about interventions classed as either ameliorative or corrective and directed toward five objectives: Health has become a sizable predictor of subsequent economic growth since it looks into the differences between the poor and the rich thereby improving health and increased healthy life period in the population.

Consumers are targeted at time of purchase with brochures, recipes, advertising, coupons, etc. Karasek concluded that this was particularly true when participatory strategies e. Interventions are aimed at schools, worksites, clinics, religious centers, etc.

For example, risk factors impact health negatviely, such as: Indeed, spending on cigarettes appears to be protected because it is viewed as a necessary luxury. Furthermore, by tracking progress with interim goals, it can help to distinguish problems with the hypotheses from problems with the implementation of the intervention and thereby allow midcourse corrections in the interventions Milligan et al.

According to WHO, the determinants of health include: The very nature of these interventions— with their emphasis on the social, cultural, economic, and political context of communities of identity, and on the role of community involvement in and control of an evolving process for which full specification of goals and objectives is not possible at the beginning—and the necessary commitment to the long time frame required to bring about major community-level changes preclude application of traditional evaluation designs and methods to assess effectiveness Israel et al.

And although several investigators have suggested the importance of looking at the degree of management support for smoking-control programs, the extent to which the organizational climate is consistent with control efforts, and the design and implementation of programs, few studies have done so.

A few recurring themes emerge from the findings of existing studies. The effect of taxation on tobacco use is described in Chapter 8.

Programs that attempted to change work organization, task structure, or communication patterns in worksites were more likely to be effective. Barzach recommended a focus on prevention and control of certain priority pathologies with the expectation that these efforts would later provide a framework that could be generalized to broader issues.

While there seems to be no consensus on the optimal approaches to rectify the health impact of disparities in socioeconomic status, there does seem to be agreement that the issue deserves attention. Three important foundations are briefly described here: These programs focus either on a single behavioral risk factor e.

The structure and function of society per se thus constitute the final framework within which interactions between behavior and health should be considered.

No direct empirical comparisons of individual behavior change approaches with organizational-level change approaches to stress reduction have been conducted. This ranges from incorporating employee input into the assessment of employee health needs e.

Occupational safety and health OSH programs address the influence of physical e. Many countries have been prompted to engage in reforms of the health sector because of the growing concern in health status and the issue of accessing and failing returns to investment in health care, and the problem of controlling ever increasing costs.

The advantages and drawbacks to this approach are reviewed by van Herten and Gunner-Schepers He posits three situations on a continuum that have different implications for community-level purposive change: A community in this sense is characterized by the following elements Israel et al.

Some efforts along these lines are promising see Monroy et al. Several validated instruments for measuring organizational climate the more superficial manifestation of organizational culture and its receptivity to health innovations are available Basen-Engquist et al. The intervention has multiple components.1.

Discuss the ways that health can be conceptualized by a society. The World Health Organization (WHO) () conceptualizes health in a holistic way. It is holistic as it includes physical (biological), psychological, and social components of health, meaning that the society will conceptualize health and pursue health in all these areas.

Health is dynamic and determined by the determinants of health that have factors that can both benefit and hinder our overall health (Liamputtong, Fanany, & Verrinder,p. 9). Discuss the ways that health can be conceptualized by a society. What are the determinants of health in humans? What is the connection between how a society defines health and how it pursues health?

From PT in Motion: PTs Improving the Health of Communities

Discuss The Ways That Health Can Be Conceptualized By A Society Running Head: HEALTH, ILLNESS AND SOCIETY Health, Illness and Society [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Health, Illness and Society Introduction Disease or Sickness is the entities suspected of causing harm to an organism in biological as well as social functioning.

What are the ways health can be conceptualized by a society
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fourteenth amendment

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Fourteenth Amendment

The Fourteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution reads:

Sections 2 to 5 have been the subject of far fewer lawsuits. Some of these sections seem anachronistic today because they reflect the immediate concerns of the Union's political leadership following the North's victory over the South in the Civil War (1861–65). Section 2, for example, penalized any state that attempted to abridge the voting rights of its black male residents by reducing the state's representation in Congress (no female resident of any race was afforded the constitutional right to vote in the United States until 1920). Section 3 prohibited from holding state or federal office any person who engaged in "insurrection or rebellion" or otherwise gave "aid or comfort to the enemies" during the Civil War. Section 4 reaffirmed the United States' commitment to pay its Civil War debt, while declaring all debts and obligations incurred by the Confederate government "illegal and void." Section 5 enabled, and continues to enable, Congress to pass "appropriate legislation" to enforce the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Fourteenth Amendment was drafted to alleviate several concerns harbored by many U.S. citizens prior to its ratification. The most obvious concern related to the status of the recently freed slaves. Five years before hostilities commenced in the Civil War, the Supreme Court declared that people of African descent living in the United States were not "citizens" of the United States, but merely members of a "subordinate and inferior class of human beings" deserving no constitutional protection whatsoever (dred scott v. sandford, 60 U.S. [19 How.] 393, 15 L. Ed. 691 [1856]). The Fourteenth Amendment vitiated the Supreme Court's holding in Dred Scott by making all blacks "born or naturalized in the United States" full-fledged citizens entitled to the same constitutional rights provided for every other U.S. citizen.

The racist attitudes expressed in Dred Scott also manifested themselves after the Civil War. In 1865, the southern states began enacting the Black Codes, which deprived African Americans of many basic rights afforded to white Americans, including the right to travel, bear arms, own property, make contracts, peaceably assemble, and testify in court. The Black Codes also authorized more severe punishments for African Americans than would be imposed on white persons for committing the same criminal offense. The Fourteenth Amendment offered an antidote to these discriminatory laws by guaranteeing to members of all races "due process of law," which requires the legal system to provide fundamentally fair trial procedures, and "equal protection of the laws," which requires the government to treat all persons with equal concern and respect.

Dred Scott was not the only Supreme Court decision that influenced the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment. Barron v. City of Baltimore, 32 U.S. (7 Pet.) 243, 8 L. Ed. 672 (1833), also played a significant role. This case involved a Maryland wharf owner who brought a lawsuit against the city of Baltimore for violating the Fifth Amendment's eminent domain clause, which prohibits the government from taking private property without "just compensation." Baltimore defended against the wharf owner's lawsuit by arguing that the Fifth Amendment only provides relief against action taken by the federal government and offers no protection against state governments or their political subdivisions. The Supreme Court agreed with Baltimore.

Writing for the Court, Chief Justice John Marshall asserted that the Constitution created the federal government, and the provisions of the Constitution were designed to regulate the activity of the federal government. The people of each state enacted their own constitution, Marshall contended, to regulate the activities of their state and local governments. Thus, Marshall reasoned that the U.S. Constitution operates only as a limitation on the powers of the federal government, unless one of its provisions expressly restricts the powers of state governments, as does Article I, Section 10.

Article I, Section 10, provides that "[n]o State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation," or "pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts." This wording, Marshall maintained, demonstrates that the Framers understood the type of clear and unequivocal language that must be used to make a provision of the federal Constitution binding on the states. Because the first eight amendments to the Constitution do not contain language that restricts the powers of state governments, Marshall concluded that the Bill of Rights was inapplicable to the states.

The Supreme Court's decision in Barron weighed heavily on the mind of john bingham, the Republican representative from Ohio who was the primary architect of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. Bingham said he "noted … certain words in the opinion of Marshall" when he was "reexamining that case of Barron." The chief justice, Bingham stressed, denied the wharf owner's claim because the Framers of the Bill of Rights, unlike the Framers of Article I, Section 10, had not chosen the type of explicit language that would clearly make the Bill of Rights applicable to state governments. "Acting upon" Marshall's "suggestion" in Barron, Bingham said, he "imitated"the Framers of Article I, Section 10:"As [these Framers had written] 'no state shall … pass any Bill of Attainder …' I prepared the provision of the first section of the fourteenth amendment."

Bingham's remarks shed light on the Supreme Court's decision to make most of the provisions contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to state governments through the doctrine of incorporation. Under this doctrine, the Supreme Court has ruled that every protection contained in the Bill of Rights—except for the right to bear arms, the right to indictment by Grand Jury, the right to trial by jury in civil cases, and the right against quartering soldiers—must be protected by state governments under the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Supreme Court has explained that each of these incorporated rights is "deeply rooted in the nation's history" and "fundamental" to the concept of "ordered liberty" represented by the Due Process Clause (Palko v. Connecticut, 302U.S. 319, 58 S. Ct. 149, 82 L. Ed. 288 [1937]). Any state that denies one of these rights is violating its duty to provide the "equal protection of the laws" guaranteed to the residents of every state by the Fourteenth Amendment.

Although a state may provide more constitutional protection to its residents than is conferred by the Bill of Rights, the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits any state from providing less protection. For example, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of sobriety checkpoints, which authorize police officers to stop motor vehicles to determine if the driver has been consuming alcohol, regardless of whether the stop was based on Probable Cause or made pursuant to a Search Warrant as required by the Fourth Amendment (Michigan v. Sitz, 496U.S. 444, 110 S. Ct. 2481, 110 L. Ed. 2d 412[1990]). The Minnesota Supreme Court reached the opposite conclusion, invalidating arrests made during traffic stops at sobriety checkpoints because they did not comport with the state's constitutional provisions prohibiting unreasonable searches and seizures (Ascher v. Commissioner of Public Safety, 519 N.W.2d 183 [Minn. 1993]).

Whereas the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses have given rise to a panorama of legal claims such as the sobriety checkpoint cases, the privileges and immunities clause has produced only a few lawsuits since the end of the 1800s. Like most other legal terms in the Bill of Rights, the phrase privileges or immunities is not defined in the Constitution. Nor does the phrase possess a meaning that is self-evident. However, some insight into the meaning of the Privileges and Immunities Clause may be gleaned from statements made by the man who drafted it, Congressman Bingham.

Bingham said the "privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States … are chiefly defined in the first eight amendments to the Constitution of the United States… . These eightarticles … never were limitations upon the power of the states until made so by the Fourteenth Amendment" (quoted in Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46, 67 S. Ct. 1672, 91 L. Ed. 1903[1947] [Murphy, J., dissenting]). Senator Jacob Howard echoed these thoughts, stating that "these privileges and immunities, whatever they may be—for they are not and cannot be fully defined in their entire extent and precise nature—[include] … personal rights … such as the freedom of speech and of the press, [and] the right of the people to peaceably assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances." Similarly, Representative James Wilson made it clear that the "privileges and immunities of the citizens of the United States" include "[f]reedom of religious opinion" and "freedom of speech and press."

Notwithstanding the statements made by these congressmen, the Supreme Court has limited the application of the Fourteenth Amendment's Privileges and Immunities Clause to provide only negligible protection against the state and federal governments. In the Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 16, 21 L. Ed. 268 (1873), a group of New Orleans butchers brought a lawsuit to invalidate a Louisiana law that granted a Monopoly to a local slaughterhouse. The butchers alleged that the state-chartered monopoly violated their "privileges and immunities" to pursue gainful employment free from unlawful restraints.

In an extremely narrow reading of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court rejected the butchers' argument. The Court held that the Privileges and Immunities Clause protects only rights derived from U.S. citizenship, such as the right to Habeas Corpus and interstate travel and not rights derived from state law, such as the common-law rights of tort and property asserted by the New Orleans butchers. The Supreme Court has neither overruled its decision in the Slaughter-House cases nor expanded its narrow interpretation of the Privileges and Immunities Clause. Most constitutional scholars have since pronounced this clause a dead letter.

If the Supreme Court has provided a more conservative interpretation of the Privileges and Immunities Clause than envisioned by the Framers of the Fourteenth Amendment, it has provided a more liberal interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause. In brown v. board of education, 347 U.S. 483, 74 S. Ct. 686, 98 L. Ed. 873 (1954), the Supreme Court ruled that the doctrine of "separate but equal," in which the black and white races were segregated in public schools and other places of public accommodation, was "inherently unequal" and denied African Americans "equal protection of the laws." The ambit of the Equal Protection Clause was later enlarged by the Supreme Court beyond racial Segregation to cover an assortment of gender discrimination claims asserted by women.

The Court made these rulings in spite of evidence that racial segregation was prevalent at the time the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted and that women were treated like second-class citizens during most of the nineteenth century. In 1868, for example, racial segregation of public schools was permitted throughout the South and in eight northern states. The gallery of the U.S. Senate was itself segregated by race during the debate of the Equal Protection Clause. During the first half of the nineteenth century, every state proscribed married women from devising a will, owning or inheriting property, entering into a contract, or exercising almost any other basic civil right afforded to women in the modern United States. Indeed, the Common Law recognized no existence for married women independent from their husbands. By marriage, the Husband and Wife became one person in law, and that person was the husband.

Thus, the Framers' original understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment has not provided a useful yardstick to measure the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. Since the mid-1940s, the Supreme Court has strayed further from the Framers' original understanding, recognizing controversial privacy rights to use contraceptives (griswold v. connecticut, 381 U.S. 479, 85 S. Ct. 1678, 14 L. Ed. 2d 510 [1965]), obtain abortions prior to the third trimester of pregnancy (roe v. wade, 410 U.S. 113, 93 S. Ct. 705, 35 L. Ed. 2d 147 [1973]), and view obscene pornographic material in the privacy of one's own home (Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557, 89 S. Ct. 1243, 22 L. Ed. 2d 542 [1969]). In 1996 the Supreme Court held that the Equal Protection Clause had been violated by an amendment to the Colorado constitution prohibiting legislative, judicial, or executive action at the state or local level from protecting homosexual persons from discrimination in romer v. evans, 517 U.S. 620, 116 S. Ct. 1620, 134 L. Ed. 2d 855 (1996).

The Supreme Court has extended the reach of the Fourteenth Amendment to private actors when they become so entwined with state or local government that they become, in effect, state actors. In Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association, 531 U.S. 288, 121 S.Ct. 924, 148 L.Ed.2d 807 (2001), the Court held that a state athletic association was so closely connected with the public schools as to become a state actor. The association sought to curtail the alleged football recruiting abuses of Brentwood Academy, a private school with a very successful football program.

Brentwood Academy sued the association and alleged that it had violated the Fourteenth Amendment. The association was not a part of state government, but the Supreme Court held that the state had delegated authority to regulate school athletic programs to the organization. The Court applied the general principle where there is such a "close nexus between the State and the challenged action," seemingly private behavior "may be fairly treated as that of the State itself."

Further readings

Curtis, Michael Kent. 1993. "The 1859 Crisis over Hinton Helper's Book, The Impending Crisis: Free Speech, Slavery, and Some Light on the Meaning of the First Section of the Fourteenth Amendment." Chicago-Kent Law Review 68.

Curtis, Michael Kent. 1988. Review of No State Shall Abridge: The Fourteenth Amendment and the Bill of Rights in Harvard Law Review 101.

Rierson, Sandra L."Race and Gender Discrimination: A Historical Case for Equal Treatment Under the Fourteenth Amendment." Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy 1.

Stone, Lawrence. 1977. The Family, Sex, and Marriage in England 1500–1800. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

Gay and Lesbian Rights.

fourteenth amendment

noun due process of law, legal fairness, legal safeguards, protection against deprivaaions, protection guarantees, protection of deprivation of accepted legal principles
Associated concepts: procedural due process, right to connront accuser, substantive due process
References in periodicals archive ?
As Americans, we must honor the 14th Amendment and ensure that all people born in the U.
It is long past time to clarify that the 14th Amendment does not grant U.
Epps says the framers knew what they were doing and they intended to address both the matter of the former slaves and immigrants in drafting the 14th Amendment.
The 14th Amendment "is perverted," Holmes claimed in his Lochner dissent, "when it is held to prevent the natural outcome of a dominant opinion.
The Clinton administration opposed the bills, claiming the 14th Amendment mandates automatic citizenship.
Proponents of the plans seek to avoid the complex process of changing the 14th Amendment but would change language related to how the law is interpreted and applied at the state level.
The application doesn't change one way or the other, but many constitutional scholars were hoping that this case would be the key to correcting an outrageous opinion of the Court from 137 years ago which emasculated the then-new 14th Amendment and paved the way for Jim Crow laws in the post-Reconstruction South.
Ferguson Separate but equal is constitutional: Black males essentially lose 14th Amendment rights
Meanwhile, as past or serving President, you are entirely aware that the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution and the criminal statutes 18US2381 and 18US2383 expressly forbid Barack Obama from holding the Office of the Presidency of the United States.
Catholic church's umbrella organization for immigration services is decrying delays in the naturalization process and rallying support against efforts to repeal or sidestep the 14th Amendment, which guarantees equal protection under the law to all persons.
Parents are arguing that the programs are denying children admission to first choice schools not to remedy past discrimination but to achieve a racial balance, which violates equal treatment guaranteed by the 14th Amendment.
Morgan writes that the 14th Amendment did not "embody Justice Harlan's principle of colorblindness" although "it should have" ("Correspondence," Summer 2006).


The identified problems in yahoos strategy

The accordion player should emote like crazy, so the camera has something to go to when the dancers fall over. As we are socialized into various cultural identities, we internalize beliefs, attitudes, and values shared by others in our cultural group.

Northern Ireland civil rights movement A civil rights mural in Derry In the mids, a non-violent civil rights campaign began in Northern Ireland. As you progressed through your education, your schema adapted to the changing environment.

From the beginning of its ascent, the tea party has been targeted by the far left in America. Black conservative leaders from around the country gathered in Washington on Wednesday to denounce the NAACP for its resolution charging that elements of the Tea Party movement are racist.

The Troubles

No current Iranian missile is capable of carrying such a nuclear device. Just as others make impressions on us, we make impressions on others.

Senate Removes Abortion Option for Young Girls

Identify some cases in which this aspect of the perception process is beneficial. Does the satellite image below look "normal"? Usually all-caps, which confusingly suggests an acronym. It takes two to tango because otherwise the woman would fall on her back and crack her head, and the man would look pretty silly gliding an air dance partner.

The strategy may give David the only chance to win, but Goliath likely has higher performing strategies. These infantile fools plan to make us look bad by shouting out racist, homophobic and other moronic slogans hoping that the media will be there in full force to record what a bunch of Neanderthals we conservatives are.

If I have learned one thing from life, it is that race is the engine that drives the political Left. When the march reached Derry City it was again attacked.

You learned new concepts like grades and recess, and you engaged in new practices like doing homework, studying, and taking tests. DKIM is working properly.

The Tea Partiers are taking the high road. Why do that to innocent Americans whose agenda has nothing to do with race at all? The last one is often overlooked. Given the massive amounts of stimuli taken in by our senses, we only select a portion of the incoming information to organize and interpret.

That turned out to be another lie. Research shows that people are surprisingly good at making accurate first impressions about how an interaction will unfold and at identifying personality characteristics of people they do not know. These leagues are not about winning, but developing the skills needed to play the game at a later level.

Then You Must Be a Racist. For example, how should the organizing principles of proximity, similarity, and difference be employed?

This tendency is so strong that is often leads us to assume that people we like are more similar to us than they actually are. As we organize information sensory information, objects, and people we simplify and categorize information into patterns.

Jealous said the nation should count itself "blessed" to have such an honest attorney general and blamed the tea party for the racial antipathy directed at White House officials. The rain blocking high pressure ridge that the climate engineers have locked in place over the western US and the eastern Pacific pushes the jet stream straight north, carrying the moisture with it before rain can come anywhere near California.

Culture, Personality, and Perception Our cultural identities and our personalities affect our perceptions. The professor-student relationship offers a good case example of how these concepts can play out.

The One Nation rally had empty streets and by all reports parking spaces aplenty.Best Practices for Speeding Up Your Web Site. The Exceptional Performance team has identified a number of best practices for making web pages fast.

He who isn’t radical as a youth has no heart. And he who isn’t conservative as an adult has no brain. Or something to that effect, I couldn’t find an original quote, and there are various attributions.

The Newest Threat to Our Military: Jon Swift has notified us of a new danger within the ranks of our very own military -- community theater actors! He tells us the terrifying story of Bleu Copas, a soldier who was accused in an anonymous email of being gay, a strict no-no in this man's army.

The timing of Doris Kearns Goodwin’s latest book is perfect. She is an excellent historian and writer, and you probably know of her as the author of several of the best, or at least very nearly the best, volumes on a range of key subjects in American History.

현재 사용 중인 IP에서 비정상적인 대량 접속 시도로 접속이 차단되었습니다. 더 자세한 문의 및 해지 요청은 문의 게시판 또는 [email protected]으로 문의해 주시기 바랍니다. Mar 04,  · The idea of requiring a union, without a secret ballot election, if labor organizers can obtain a majority of "cards" from employees seems .

The identified problems in yahoos strategy
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The main concept of the gideon 2 judges 71 25

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The main concept of the gideon 2 judges 71 25

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the main concept of the gideon 2 judges 71 25 Gideon tola and jair jephthah  2 kings 23:25 - there was no king like josiah who turned to the lord with all his heart, soul, and might  key phrase: fall to .
The main concept of the gideon 2 judges 71 25
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Type: Artigo
Title: The Involvement Of Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis And Two Sid-1-like Transmembrane Proteins In Doublestranded Rna Uptake In The Colorado Potato Beetle Midgut
Author: Cappelle
K.; de Oliveira
C. F. R.; Van Eynde
B.; Christiaens
O.; Smagghe
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool in entomology and shows promise as a crop protection strategy, but variability in its efficiency across different insect species limits its applicability. For oral uptake of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), the RNAi trigger, two different mechanisms are known: systemic RNA interference deficient-1 (Sid-1) transmembrane channel-mediated uptake and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. So far, a wide range of experiments has been conducted, confirming the involvement of one of the pathways in dsRNA uptake, but never both pathways in the same species. We investigated the role of both pathways in dsRNA uptake in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, known to have an efficient RNAi response. Through RNAi-of-RNAi experiments, we demonstrated the contribution of two different sid-1-like (sil) genes, silA and silC, and clathrin heavy chain and the 16kDa subunit of the vacuolar H 1 ATPase (vha16), elements of the endocytic pathway, to the RNAi response. Furthermore, the sid-1-like genes were examined through phylogenetic and hydrophobicity analysis. This article reports for the first time on the involvement of two pathways in dsRNA uptake in an insect species and stresses the importance of evaluating both pathways through a well-devised reporter system in any future experiments on cellular dsRNA uptake.
Subject: Colorado Potato Beetle
Rna Interference
Double-stranded Rna Uptake
Systemic Rna Interference Deficient-1 (sid-1)
Editor: Wiley-Blackwell
Rights: fechado
Identifier DOI: 10.1111/imb.12222
Address: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imb.12222/abstract
Date Issue: 2016
Appears in Collections:Unicamp - Artigos e Outros Documentos

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Outcome 3. State of Art Report

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Outcome 3 of the Revetax project, "State of Art" report, explains the theory behind taxonomies, and examines the use of these repositories in various European countries to offer examples of good practice. Finally, the report suggests potential opportunites that can improve the design of the the Revetax taxonomy.

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