I believe that every student is different but special in their own way. Every student should be instilled with good values so that they can grow up to be good valuable men and women. They deserve to be educated in a positive environment where they feel safe, comfortable, motivated and engaged in their learning. As an educator, I will work hard to guide and help prepare life-long learners so that they can choose their future decisions wisely. I feel education is very important in every aspect and the focus should be on more than just the subjects being taught. I think teaching involves one to go above and beyond the basics. Since each student is unique, one may require more than the other so putting focus on the student’s needs are just as important. It is my belief that all students have the ability to learn with assistance. I am a true believer of open communication because students need to feel they can come and talk to their teacher whenever they need to.

Worldview and Philosophy of Life
I think each of us perceive the world differently because we all are different and experience different things in life. Life is basically what you make of it and you’re in control of your own actions. I think if you always view the world as being negative then you will not be happy in life. We all know there are good and bad things happening all over the world so I think it is important for us to work together to try and make the world a better place. We learn from our surroundings and life requires every person to make choices and consequences follow those choices. This is why it is so important for each person to choose their decisions wisely and do what is right. The actions a person displays help others determine what type of person they are so we should always display good attitudes and behavior. The world is full of challenges but if you work hard you can overcome them. Sometimes I feel when we go through certain things we are being tested. No matter what I am going through or how bad the situation seems I know that God is in control and he will handle it because my faith lies in him. Truly believing in this is what helps me get through life on a daily basis.
Having a loving, supportive family and living a happy life is something that is necessary for me and I am very appreciative of it. Showing others you care for them and that your there for them is what makes life worth living. Striving to pursue your goals and dreams is something else that makes a huge difference in a person’s life. It gives people a reason to strive harder and when that dream or goal is achieved it’s the best feeling ever. I want to succeed in life so failure is not an option. I have to keep striving to make my dreams come true because I am responsible for making that happen. In regards to me, life is about being happy, loving God, people, and helping to make a difference in the lives of others.
Philosophy of Schools & Learning

Classroom management is something else that helps the classroom run smoothly. Students need to be taught discipline and respect because it is important for them to respect themselves so they can learn to respect others. The teacher needs to be firm and enforce the rules to all the students because displaying immoral behavior disrupts learning for everyone. According to B.F. Skinner, ‘rewards motivate students to learn material even if they do not fully understand why it will have value in their futures’ (Sadker, 2005). Students do deserve some type of recognition and praise when they have acted and done what they were supposed to. Furthermore, even though curriculum is a major part of the learning process, educating students goes beyond subject matter because sometimes students have issues that interfere with their learning. This is why the teacher has to find out what the student is lacking and try to help the student successfully achieve what they need to learn.
Instructional Practice
Learning involves a person acquiring the knowledge or skills that is being taught to them. This can occur through methods such as observation, listening or through hands on learning. Some things that cause students to learn is staying focused because it helps them to understand and learn the content being introduced to them. Experiencing or going through certain things can also lead to learning. When student’s minds are stimulated this causes them to think critically and leads to learning whatever their teacher may be teaching. As a teacher I will encourage participation because this is another way for students to learn. One of the most important things I think a teacher should do is build rapport with their students because this will help them learn what qualities their student’s possess.
As far as the classroom, I will do my best to make sure it is organized so that everything flows smoothly. Some strategies that I will implement in my class is the use of visuals and many other hands on activities. Since students learn differently they need to be provided with a variety of ways to learn. I will do my best to make my lessons interesting because this helps motivate students and engage them more in the learning process. Different types of technology will be used to help aid in the learning process. ‘Research literature throughout the past decade has shown that technology can enhance literacy development, impact language acquisition, provide greater access to information, support learning, motivate students, and enhance their self-esteem’ (O’Hara & Pritchard, 2014). I will provide challenging assignments and will let my students work in groups so they can build social skills and also learn things from each other. Open discussions will be used because each student needs to feel comfortable sharing their ideas and among others in the class. In my class I will allow students to be involved in decision making regarding different assignments. I will use assessments to monitor my students learning and will provide prompt feedback on assignments. I will do this because I need to know if they are understanding and if not I can work on alternative ways to help them understand.
What I hope to accomplish by using these strategies is that each student will be able to successfully learn to the best of their ability. It is my hope that all of their basic subject skills improve and they can leave the class with more knowledge than they came in with. I want my students to grow into the habit of loving to read along with learning. I want them to build critical thinking skills and encourage them that they can do anything if they believe, strive hard enough and put their minds to it. I want them to think of me as a positive role model and someone who they can always come talk to. My goal is to help guide them down the right path so that they can grow up and be responsible individuals and life long learners.
Teacher-Learner Relationships
Students have many responsibilities inside and outside of school. The most important role is for them to come to class ready to learn. They need to attend class daily because they will get behind and it is hard to catch up if they are constantly absent. Arriving on time is important because missing parts of the instruction can lead to not understanding the assignments. Students need to stay focused and on task so that test, classroom and homework assignments can be completed accurately and on time. Students need to come to class prepared and bring all the necessary supplies to class to do classroom assignments and projects. They are to participate in classroom discussions and activities.
Teachers have many different roles in the classroom they lead, train and guide students. They are responsible for supplying students with the necessary information to help them learn the subject matter. They prepare lesson plans that is used as a guide to teach the students. They assess the student’s weaknesses and their strengths along with preparing them for test. They job is to set clear goals and expectations for their students so that there will be no misunderstanding. One of their main task is to focus on how their student is achieving. Classroom management is the teacher’s responsibility because if the classroom is not managed learning is disrupted. They supervise students and enforce rules for the classroom to make sure the students behave and treat each other with respect. They grade papers and meet with parents for teacher conferences to provide progress on their children. They make sure the class is a safe, nurturing environment for the students to learn. I think teachers must be role models for their students to follow and show them how they should act so this will follow them throughout their life inside and outside of school. Teacher’s work does not stop when they leave school they still have things to do outside of the class that relates to them preparing activities and lessons for their students. Furthermore, they mentor and challenge students to become better learners and leaders for the future.
When you have diverse students in your class and there always will be, it is really just a way of thinking that all students are different but in their own way. This could be due to their abilities, race, culture, background, belief or just by their personal differences. ‘It should be clear, then, that ‘diversity’ indicates a wide range of backgrounds and experiences that contribute to our students’ uniqueness. ‘Diversity’ does not simply refer to race. Thus, it is accurate to assert that all classrooms are a combination of diverse learners. If every student is unique, then every classroom is diverse. The next step is to identify how to best help all students live up to their potential as unique individuals’ (Okun, 2012). Even though students are different, teachers still are responsible for developing ways to meet each of their needs. Differentiated instruction can be used for diverse learners. Their content needs to be delivered in various ways such as through lectures, handouts, hands on activities, or even videos. Teachers also have to use strategies to make sure the students understand what they’re working to teach them. Technology is also a good tool to use to help students learn. This enhances their learning because they can use it to build new skills and for practice. The important thing to remember is that they all learn differently because some are hands on learners while others may be auditory or visual. Teachers have to work hard to try and meet the needs of all their students. All students deserve the opportunity to learn and to be treated fairly no matter the differences. Teachers must have high expectations for all of their students and strive to help them reach their goals.
One advantage of being diverse is when students are in the same class with other students they can learn from each other’s differences. Some students can adjust to a different environment quickly but it may be hard for some others to. Teachers face many challenges when providing instruction in a diverse classroom. This is why it is important for the teacher to remember when planning activities for the students to consider all their differences such as their background or culture.
There are many school factors that affect the success of culturally diverse students ‘ the school’s atmosphere and overall attitudes toward diversity, involvement of the community, and culturally responsive curriculum, to name a few. Of all of these factors, the personal and academic relationships between teachers and their students may be the most influential. (Teacher Vision, 2015)
This is where the teacher comes in and provide the upmost support to try and cater to the needs of the students. In a diverse classroom it is not only the teacher that faces challenges but the students as well. This is why building that relationship and working together can help both the teacher and student which can lead to academic success.

Issues of Importance
Growing up I always knew I wanted to work to help children in some way but I was not sure where I would end up in the process. My hopes are much more than helping them learn to grow up and be successful students but I want to help make them better people. I am sure many people would say my field of choice which is Special Education would be most difficult but I say it takes patience, caring and loving what you do to help these students learn because they truly deserve it just like any other student. It is important to make students feel welcome and open to share ideas along with including them in all activities.
There are several things that I feel are important to my philosophy of education. Since the classroom is a place where students will be daily I think classroom management is imperative for learning to take place. When I was a student I know I wanted to be in a positive environment where I could concentrate to learn. Distractions causes issues for everyone and prevents learning from occurring. Curriculum is important because it is the core of learning and this must be delivered in an understanding manner because this is what helps the students learn. I certainly want to make sure my students are understanding what I am teaching so using the appropriate methods to check for understanding is necessary. If students do not understand then the teacher may need to find a better way to deliver the information. If something else is the reason then the teacher must work on finding a solution.
Parents play a huge part in their child’s education. The first place children start learning at is in the home. Parent’s jobs are to help encourage and support their child’s learning. Most of the time children look at their parents as role models so it is important for parents to stress the importance of education. Parents need to be involved in their child’s education and that means making sure homework is completed, reading with their child and just basically working with them at home to help with improvement. The teacher and parents need to work together so that they are both in agreeance on things and in making sure the child is doing what they are supposed to.
One issue that I think is critical in education is standardized testing. There are advantages and disadvantages of this type of testing but I think they should be eliminated because it causes too much stress on the students and the teachers. I know they want to make sure the students are learning and the teachers are doing their jobs but I think something else should be done. I really do not understand how students are able to concentrate when taking this test because I am sure there are some who are so worried about not passing it or being promoted to the next grade. For example, ‘Many students, particularly those experiencing reading and/or learning problems, have experienced frustration while taking standardized tests. Their subsequent academic performance is not necessarily representative of actual abilities’ (Rakes & McWilliams, 1978).
In regards to this type of testing, I just think another alternative should be sought and one that is less stressful for everyone. Maybe it would be a good idea for schools to use the benchmark assessments, classroom work and homework to check for student performance. This is just how I feel about the situation in regards to what I have saw my own children go through when it was time to take the end of year test. I think there are many more challenges that schools face, for instance some children get bullied while others maybe struggling with learning. As teachers we just have to work hard to see that these issues get resolved and work to help them reach their academic goals.
In conclusion, getting a good education is imperative in today’s society. I truly feel the main purpose of education is to help educate students so that they will be able to function in society. I think if you are a good effective teacher who cares about your students then everything else will fall into place such as them growing up and taking charge of their own life. Students are with each teacher for one year before moving to the next grade but that one year can lead to many accomplishments and memories that the student will carry on throughout their life. Students need a good education for various reasons and one being to obtain a good paying job. Getting educated can help prepare you for this job because you will definitely need to have good reading and math skills in which you learn in school. We also need it so we will be able to think critically to solve problems we may have throughout our lives. As mothers and teachers we should want our children to grow up to be good citizens and future leaders. Mothers and teachers have a big impact on a student’s education because both are responsible for helping the student academically achieve. When I think of life and education I think ‘the sky is the limit’ meaning if you believe, work hard and put your mind to it you can do and achieve anything.

Rake, T. A., & McWilliams, L., (1978). Bridging the gap: Two Alternatives to Standardized Testing. The English Journal, Vol. 67, No. 7 (Oct., 1978), pp. 46-50

Teacher Vision, (2015). Strategies for Teaching Culturally Diverse Students. Retrieved June 25, 2015 from

Knight G. R., (2015). Philosophy & Education: An Introduction in Christian Perspective (4th Edition). Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University Press.

Sadker, M. P., & Sadker, D., M. (2005). Teachers, Schools and Society.7th Edition, Retrieved June 26, 2015 from

Okun, M., (2012). How Does Student Diversity Affect Teachers’ Priorities in Differentiating Instruction? International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 12 Special Issue

O’Hara, S. & Pritchard, R., (2014). What is the Impact of Technology on Learning? Retrieved July 3, 2014 from

Education essay: The Value of Education

Published under category: Writing Ideas | 2015-06-12 08:43:22 UTC

Context: Education

Education is one of the basic activities in every society. Most people view education as a formal process of acquiring knowledge that takes place in a class environment. Education is a process that starts right at birth. It is not a process that is limited to teaching people basic academics like mathematics, history, computer or geography. It is a much wider term. Education can be considered as a process of discovering new things that a person was not previously aware of and increasing knowledge. Education carries people to greatness. It is an essential thing in life because it empowers people with knowledge, enables them to contribute to the society, earn money, and be independent.

Vitruvian Man: An icon of pedagogical instruction

The term “education” originated from Latin word “educate” which means to “bring up.” The use of the term “education” should, therefore, not be limited to the process of imparting knowledge to pupils in some specific subjects. It is a wholesome process of developing a child by training them in habits and attitudes that nurture them to success and ability to face the future life with confidence. According to Plato, education is a process that is meant to develop all the beauty and perfection that a child is capable of, both in the body and soul. In short, Plato implied that it is a process of developing both a sound mind and a sound body. Education aims at developing all the faculties of man, especially the mind, so as to appreciate the contemplation of supreme goodness, truth, and beauty, which contribute to perfect happiness.

Education is very important because it is an avenue that facilitates the process of cultural transmission. All societies credit their existence to culture. Education allows the culture of a society to be transmitted to young people, hence, the continuation of society. Every new generation has to be educated in the ways of the group so as to promote the existence of the traditions. Education fulfills the needs of each society, as every society has its specific ways of doing things. A good example is the African communities, as  much of their culture has not been influenced by the modern education. The communities have an initiation stage at adolescence that is meant to graduate people to adulthood. During this period, the initiates are taught all the ways and secrets of the community. The initiates are then considered to be full members of that particular society in which they have been initiated.

Education is a process that promotes socialization. A large part of a person’s social skills are acquired through the process of education. Socialization is an important aspect of human life, hence, has to be promoted positively to be beneficial to the society. Most governments have invested in education because they realize the importance of socialization. Education forms a continuous process in which definite ways of perception, acting, and feeling are imposed into a child for them to fit it into the society. The process of education allows young people to develop socialization skills that they cannot acquire spontaneously. It facilitates the transmission of the norms of a group so that persons can conduct themselves in approved ways. They are able to know things that are wrong and right.

Education allows people to fit in different stages of life. Social learning is a continuous process that starts at birth and ends at death. No human being can achieve total perfection in it. There is no point in time that individuals can consider themselves to have acquired everything about a society or group, and that there remains nothing to be studied. Human beings belong to different groups at different stages of their lives. While in these groups, they have to learn new rules and patterns to govern their behavior. People do not play the same roles throughout their lives. Education helps them fit in the different roles that they are faced with in life. Human life begins with childhood; they get into adolescence then adulthood, marry, sire children, get into middle life, retire, and then eventually become old and die. The different roles come with different patterns of behavior, which have to be learnt. This implies that throughout the life of a human being, people are involved in the education process. It helps in developing skills that are important for different stages of life.

            Education is important because it helps individuals to acquire knowledge. Acquisition of knowledge is also a continuous process. Knowledge comprises a large sphere of concepts that are boundless and limitless. No one can master all the concepts or exhaust them. The world is a miraculous entity that is comprised of a lot of things. The more one tries to know about something, the more it becomes mysterious. Human entities, therefore, strive to acquire as much knowledge as possible about the universe; although, this is a limited process that is hampered with complexities. Education facilitates the continuous endeavor to acquire knowledge.

            Education creates employment. The field of education has created many job opportunities in the world. Governments budget huge sums of money to be used in the education sector in doing research and employing teachers. The research process has opened different opportunities that previously did not exist. The industries and inventions that are in the world are the outcomes of education. The industries provide a lot of employment opportunities to people. The education sector has also employed millions of people to work as teachers, lecturers, and researchers among others. Education provides a source of income to those who are employed in the education sector and the students who are being taught. Education empowers young people with knowledge that is essential for various fields. After one’s completion of the college, they are able to get jobs in different institutions, hence, earn a living.

            Education forms the basis of a good life. Human beings get to understand themselves through the process of education. One gets to understand themselves fully as a human being through the process of education. The training of the human mind helps them to see things differently compared to other creatures. One is, therefore, transformed from primarily being an animal to being a human. The process of education empowers human beings to be superior to other beings, and make the most out of their environment to live a good life. Living a good life does not only imply having the material needs, but also understanding the significance of life. A man who lives a good life understands what they live for and the things that they need to struggle to get. Education allows man to live an integrated life, that is, a life with significance.

            Education enables people to live a peaceful life. People understand the importance of everything that is in the universe, hence, relate to them in a peaceful way. Education has enabled people to understand that all human beings are similar regardless of the color, cultural, and geographical differences. Previously, people have been involved in superiority battles, with some races feeling superior and others feeling inferior. The process of education, however, empowers human beings to understand that a color is merely a surface difference, hence, need not be used to discriminate people. Besides, human beings are able to co-exist peacefully with other animals and the environment. Man has learnt the significance of preserving the environment, therefore, ensuring that they live a peaceful and healthy life.

            Education is valuable because it gives man freedom. An educated man knows the things they should do and things they should not. They do not have to rely on other people’s instructions for them to engage in various activities. The knowledge gained from the education process empowers a person to act with authority without the need to continuously consult other people. One is given the intellectual freedom to engage in different activities as they wish.

            Education is, therefore, a very important tool that is essential for every person. Education helps people to develop positive social relations, fit in different stages of life, acquire knowledge, and live a good and peaceful life. Education also empowers people with skills that enable them to gain employment, hence, be empowered economically. It is, therefore, important that everyone invests in education.

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Timing Belt

Prices On Application

The importance of an engine timing belt

What is the purpose of a timing belt or cambelt?

The purpose of a timing belt is to ensure that the moving components of an engine revolve in perfect co-ordination.

The Technical Skills

There is no better place to have your timing belt replaced than at a Fiat Dealership, with its modern fully equipped workshops staffed by Fiat trained technicians who have the required expertise and specialist tools to ensure your car is maintained to the highest standards.

For further information or to make a booking to have your timing belt checked or replaced please speak to our Service Department. We look forward to seeing you soon.


To plan out the backend functionality of the web application I created an entity relationship model (ERM) to help me figure out exactly how the database would store user data. This was helpful as it made me visualise how each aspect of the site would fit together. I also realised that my initial ideas were going to be too complex for the prototype so I was able to narrow down exactly what functionality I needed to focus on. I decided to cut out adding the community features (such as friends and writing circles) and instead focus my efforts on getting a smaller amount fully completed (such as the storage of text and image story elements).

Looking into the user interface design I came across the Material Design Lite framework which allows you to quickly implement responsive web elements, and does not rely on JavaScript frameworks. This was great as I wanted the interface to be simplistic and save me time in not having to include any other frameworks such jQuery libraries.


Monday, July 18, 2016

Maintaining a Creative Office Environment

Creativity is not something that is inherent in just anybody. Though it is a skill that comes naturally, it is also one that must be fostered through appropriate means. People who are creative cannot display their talents quite as easily as those who are adept at math, for example. Mathematicians can prove their expertise via a problem that has a provable solution. Creative types do not have that particular luxury, so the need for an environment to stoke artistic flames is necessary. Thankfully, there are ways in which offices that are in the creative business can maintain an atmosphere suitable to getting the best results.
Office Design
Environment, at a very basic level, starts with your surroundings, and that includes the way your offices are set up. Atmosphere matters in places like restaurants, right? The same thing applies to work spaces. A lifeless color scheme and rows of fluorescent ceiling lights do not scream creative inspiration. A sense that the office is a unique and interesting space to come to will make it seem less like an office and more like a place that allows creativity to flourish.
Collaboration and Trust
In order to get the most creative ideas possible, two essential elements must come be present. The first is trust, because unless employees believe that their ideas will be taken seriously, there is no way for them to truly have that “ah-ha” moment. In step with that is collaboration, which is necessary because creativity often happens when ideas are fed off of one another. This could go in tandem with office design, as long as the workspace’s flow is set up in the right manner.
Encourage Taking a Risk
Many truly creative people feel the most comfortable when they are not only engaged with other creative types, but also when they know they do not have absolute boundaries when it comes to taking a risk. To be clear, taking a risk does not mean throwing offensive ideas around each and every day; it means going against the grain of what may be widely accepted, popular at the time, or considered the norm. Finding new and different ways to accomplish a goal is something creative people strive for.
Positivity, Fun, and Humor
When it comes to attitude in a creative environment, there is no substitute for displaying positivity, laughing, and having fun. Does this mean the office is a playpen eight hours a day? Of course not, but it will likely mean that most people are at ease with one another, which will spark creativity and have employees wanting to be around one another. In contrast, a serious tone in which there is an attitude of “get the job done or else” will only apply pressure and suppress creative ideas.

A creative workspace design has a very positive effect on the productivity. A creative office environment can truly help solve problems and effectively create ideas and a lot of that has to do with being collaborative.


University of Wisconsin-Madison

Antarctic Weather

An example of a sun pillar
An example of a sun pillar

The highest wind speeds recorded in Antarctica were at Dumont d'Urville station in July 1972: 327km/h (199 mph). Because the South Pole is well inland and on a flat area of the plateau, the katabatic winds are relatively mild. The highest recorded wind at the South Pole was only 50 knots (58 mph).

South Pole

The South Pole is at an altitude of 9,300 feet. Because of the altitude and its location in the middle of the polar plateau, the temperature remains very low. There is only one sunrise and one sunset each year at the South Pole: the sun rises on September 21 and sets on March 21. During the summer months the sun slowly spirals up to its maximum height and then back down to the horizon again over a six-month period, never setting until March 21, when the sun then remains below the horizon for the next six months. It is during the dark winter months that the South Pole is at its most extreme cold.

Peak Wind50 kts (58 mph) on September 27, 2011
Average Wind10.7 kts (12.3 mph)
Maximum Pressure719.0 mbs on August 25, 1996
Minimum Pressure641.7 mbs on July 25, 1985
Average Pressure681.3 mbs

Halos are optical phenomena that result from light interacting with ice crystals in the atmosphere. Variations in halos are caused by different combinations of ice crystal shapes and orientations as well as different combinations of reflections and refractions within the crystals. The most common halos are the 22-degree halo (a circle around the sun or moon) and the parhelion, also known as a sundog (bright spots of light on either side of the sun). Though these more common halos can be seen elsewhere in the world, the unique atmospheric conditions in Antarctica make it an especially great place to see and study halos; there are a number of halo types that have only been observed at the South Pole.

More Information


HOME         Timber Hitch
Timber Hitch

When using this hitch around a very large object you might have to put tucks of rope further back to ensure that three tucks stay clamped.  If you decide to use the Timber Hitch for any lengthwise pull, you should make sure that the wraps are made so that the pull will cause your tucks to tighten, not loosen.

Timber Hitch on the Bight
Tumbling Timber Hitch
Timber Hitch on the BightTumbling Timber Hitch

The Timber Hitch on the Bight allows for secure hitching away from the rope ends and without access to the ends of your hitching object.  You merely take a long bight of rope and treat it like the end of the rope as you execute a Timber Hitch.  Both parts of rope emerging from the hitch can take full loading.

The Tumbling Timber Hitch
 replicates some of the function of a Tumble Hitch in that after load is removed, the unused line can be pulled to roll the knot form around the hitching object until the hitch falls apart.  This hitch can also be tied away from the rope ends and without access to the ends of the hitching object.  It  may be the most stable hitch of this special class.

Although it is almost impossible to release the Tumbling Timber Hitch until nearly all of the main load is removed, the same cautions that apply to the Tumble Hitch apply here.  (NKI 2/15/2011)

Related pages:  Midspan Sheet Bend, Tumble Hitch, Pile HitchGnat Hitch


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NBRC RRT Self-Assessment Examination

Question Answers

During the administration of an IPPB treatment, the respiratory therapist notices the system pressure drops after inspiration is initiated. Which of the following actions will best correct this problem? Increase the flow setting.Flow should be increased as tolerated until system pressure rises quickly and holds near the preset value.

An erratic pulse is palpated on a patient. Which of the following should the respiratory therapist recommend to further evaluate this clinical presentation? ECG. An ECG is indicated to assess cardiac rhythm based on clinical presentation.

A patient requiring continuous oxygen at 3 L/min wants to maintain a very active lifestyle. Which of the following would be the best oxygen delivery system for the respiratory therapist to recommend? a liquid system. A liquid system is used for long-term continuous oxygen therapy. The portable units are light-weight, which makes the liquid system the choice for active patients.

The respiratory therapist determines the tip of an endotracheal tube is in the trachea below the aortic knob but 2 cm above the carina on inspection of an AP chest radiograph. The therapist reports the tube should be left in place.The position is currently correct; therefore, it should be left in place.

A patient is receiving 35% oxygen through an air-entrainment mask. Cool mist is being provided at the air-entrainment port. The FIO2 measured at the mask is 42%. Which of the following should the respiratory therapist do? Verify the integrity of the air-entrainment port. The determinants of FIO2 in this device are the jet size and the size of the entrainment ports. Any obstruction to the air-entrainment port will increase the FIO2 by decreasing the volume of air entrained.

A patient is suspected of having an upper airway obstruction. Which of the following tests should the respiratory therapist recommend to best detect this abnormality? flow-volume loops. The ability to measure and display both inspiratory and expiratory flows is the best way to detect upper airway obstruction.

A patient using a transdermal nicotine patch complains of local skin irritation and insomnia. Which of the following should the respiratory therapist first recommend? Frequently rotate the site and discontinue at night.Frequent rotation of patch sites may decrease irritation and discontinuing the use during bedtime hours may lessen insomnia.

When a patient cannot increase minute ventilation, increasing mechanical dead space in the ventilator circuit will cause increased PaCO2.Increased mechanical dead space with a constant minute ventilation will increase PaCO2 by an increase in VD/VT.

Which of the following chest radiographs provide the best view of the lung apex, lingula, and right middle lobe? lordotic. The lordotic position provides the best view of the lung apex, lingula, and the right middle lobe.

While gathering equipment in the ICU to set up an arterial line ordered STAT, the respiratory therapist notes the noncompliant pressure tubing is in a sterile package, but the corner of the package is open. Which of the following should the therapist do? Obtain an unopened, sterile pressure tubing.Arterial line tubing must be sterile.

Which of the following would indicate a physical conditioning protocol has been effective for a patient with COPD? The patient has increased his level-walking distance by 15%. An important part of physical conditioning is an increase in exercise tolerance.

Occlusion of the expiratory circuit just prior to the next ventilator delivered breath facilitates the measurement of auto-PEEP. Auto-PEEP is measured by subtracting set PEEP from the measured pressure during expiratory hold just prior to the next ventilator delivered breath.

A patient with chronic hypercapnia is receiving home oxygen therapy by nasal cannula at 2 L/min. The SpO2 is 90%. The patient should be told not to increase the flow because a higher oxygen flow may be dangerous.Excessive oxygen may lead to increased CO2 retention in patients who are hypercapneic.

A patient with severe COPD is receiving oxygen by nasal cannula at 4 L/min. The patient is lethargic and his respirations are shallow at a rate of 20/min.The pulse oximeter is reading 94%. Which of the following should the respiratory therapist recommend? Change to a 28% air-entrainment mask.An air-entrainment system will deliver a controlled FIO2.

An unpackaged HME is found lying on top of a ventilator. No condensate is observed inside the HME. The patient has no other humidification device in place. Which of the following should the respiratory therapist do? Open a new HME and attach it to the endotracheal tube. A clean HME is required.

79-year-old patient with COPD shows signs of increasing anxiety & cyanosis while Receiving continuous heated aerosol therapy. patient complains of tightness in his Chest,frequent cough produces a small amount of pink,frothy sputum.patient most likely has pulmonary edema.These symptoms and signs are most consistent with pulmonary edema.

A shift supervisor wishes to determine the number of patients who are to receive bronchodilator treatments during the next 8 hours. To obtain this information quickly, the supervisor could review the assignment list from the last shift.

While reviewing a patient's chart, results of a chest radiograph indicate complete opacification of the left chest with a shift of the trachea and mediastinum to the left. These findings are consistent with atelectasis of the left lung

When explaining the purpose of incentive spirometry to a patient after abdominal surgery, the respiratory therapist should tell the patient the procedure is performed to prevent areas of the lung from collapsing.

Which of the following therapeutic gas mixtures should the respiratory therapist select to improve the distribution of ventilation for a patient with high airway resistance? helium/oxygen

A patient involved in motor vehicle crash presents with respiratory distress,chest radiograph confirms presence of multiple adjacent ribs fractured on the left side.Which of the following physical findings would be expected during palpation of the chest? paradoxical motion of the left chest.

When the respiratory therapist initiates an IPPB treatment, the patient's pulse is 78/min. Five minutes after the therapy is started, the patient's pulse increases to 90/min. The therapist should continue the treatment as ordered.The magnitude of the increase in pulse rate is not excessive for the treatment provided.

The respiratory therapist assesses a patient receiving supplemental oxygen by a transtracheal oxygen catheter. The patient is diaphoretic, has a higher than normal respiratory rate, and appears cyanotic. Which of the following is a possible explanation? The transtracheal catheter is obstructed by a mucous plug.

To assess an outcome indicator of the department's bronchodilator QA program, the respiratory therapist should monitor the average length-of-stay for patients receiving bronchodilators.

A 7-day-old neonate of 28-weeks gestational age is having frequent periods of apnea with desaturation. Which of the following should the respiratory therapist recommend? theophylline (Aminophylline)

While assisting with a therapeutic bronchoscopy for an adult patient, the physician is suddenly unable to view any anatomy because everything went black. Which of the following is a likely cause? The light source is disconnected.

A patient receiving mechanical ventilation using PEEP switched continuous-flow CPAP system for weaning. On initial evaluation,manometer shows negative pressure during inspiration & patient appears agitated & uncomfortable. Which is most appropriate Increase system flow. The reason for the negative pressure on the manometer is inadequate flow during inspiration. Increasing system flow would correct the problem.

During an interview, a patient with COPD who was recently admitted to the hospital tells the respiratory therapist that she does not want any heroic measures performed to lengthen her life. This information would best be documented in the advance directive. Documentation of a patient's desires regarding heroic measures should be specified in an advance directive. This can only be changed by the patient.

patient who is oxygen-dependent travels using oxygen from an E cylinder secured in back seat. He carries a spare cylinder in the trunk of his car when he plans to be out for longer periods of time. Respiratory therapist should inform the patient he should secure the spare cylinder in the back seat.

During nasotracheal suctioning, the patient does not cough, but watery secretions are aspirated through the catheter. Which of the following should the respiratory therapist do next? Hyperextend the patient's neck when passing the catheter.

Which of the following pharmacologic agents should be recommended for a patient who is intubated, receiving mechanical ventilation, and experiencing severe pain from a flail chest? morphine sulfate

A patient presents with sudden onset of dyspnea associated with cough, sputum production, and a chest radiograph demonstrating opacification of the right lower lobe. Which of the following is most consistent with these findings? asymmetrical chest movement

Which of the following is the best site for capnograph sampling during mechanical ventilation while using the SIMV mode? endotracheal tube connector

The respiratory therapist is treating a patient with pulmonary emphysema. During the course of therapy, the patient becomes very dyspneic. The therapist should instruct the patient to perform pursed-lip breathing. Pursed-lip breathing may allow improved exhalation by stabilization of the airways. This maneuver should decrease dyspnea.

The respiratory therapist is using a spring-loaded PEEP valve and notices the pressure reading on the manometer is 5 cm H2O higher than the set level. Which of the following is the probable cause? Secretions are in the valve. Secretions in the valve will cause the valve to stick, resulting in a higher pressure.

A 54.5-kg (120-lb) female has a respiratory rate of 30/min and a tidal volume of 200 mL. Her respirations dropped to 10/min and her tidal volume increased to 600 mL after a sedative was administered.Which of the following ventilatory parameters increased? alveolar ventilation.

An adult patient is receiving volume-controlled ventilation. The patient's peak airway pressure is 35 cm H2O and the plateau pressure is 25 cm H2O. The respiratory therapist would recommend the high pressure alarm be set at 45 cm H2O. The high airway pressure alarm must be set above the peak airway pressure to ensure set tidal volume delivery. The guideline is 10 to 15 cm H2O above the peak inspiratory pressure.

When performing quality control on an automated blood gas analyzer, the respiratory therapist notices the pH value is more than 2 standard deviations from the control group mean. The therapist should initially remeasure the reference sample.

Ventilator Induced Lung Injury

Ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) is an acute lung injury that develops during mechanical ventilation and is termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) if it can be proven that the mechanical ventilation caused the acute lung injury. In contrast, ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) exists if the cause cannot be proven. VALI is the appropriate term in most situations because it is virtually impossible to prove what actually caused the lung injury in the hospital.

#ventilator associated lung injury, #lung injury, #mechanical ventilation #respiratory therapy

Modes Of Ventilation

muscle wasting, wasting of the muscle

Pressure Control Ventilation

Pressure-Controlled Ventilation (PCV)

Less risk of barotrauma as compared to ACV and SIMV. Does not allow for patient-initiated breaths. The inspiratory flow pattern decreases exponentially, reducing peak pressures and improving gas exchange [Chest 122: 2096, 2002]. The major disadvantage is that there are no guarantees for volume, especially when lung mechanics are changing. Thus, PCV has traditionally been preferred for patients with neuromuscular disease but otherwise normal lungs

tracheal necrosis, necrosis tracheal,

Assist Control

Assist-Control Ventilation (ACV)

Also known as continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV). Each breath is either an assist or control breath, but they are all of the same volume. The larger the volume, the more expiratory time required. If the I:E ratio is less than 1:2, progressive hyperinflation may result. ACV is particularly undesirable for patients who breathe rapidly – they may induce both hyperinflation and respiratory alkalosis. Note that mechanical ventilation does not eliminate the work of breathing, because the diaphragm may still be very active.

oxygen toxicity, toxicity oxygen, hypocapnia, loss of oxygen

Pressure Support Ventilation

Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)

Allows the patient to determine inflation volume and respiratory frequency (but not pressure, as this is pressure-controlled), thus can only be used to augment spontaneous breathing. Pressure support can be used to overcome the resistance of ventilator tubing in another cycle (5 – 10 cm H20 are generally used, especially during weaning), or to augment spontaneous breathing. PSV can be delivered through specialized face masks.

oxygen toxicity, toxicity oxygen, hypocapnia, loss of oxygen

Pressure Controlled Inverse Ratio Ventilation

Pressure Controlled Inverse Ratio Ventilation (PCIRV)

Pressure controlled ventilatory mode in which the majority of time is spent at the higher (inspiratory) pressure. Early trials were promising, however the risks of auto PEEP and hemodynamic deterioration due to the decreased expiratory time and increased mean airway pressure generally outweight the small potential for improved oxygenation

oxygen toxicity, toxicity oxygen, hypocapnia, loss of oxygen

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV)

Airway pressure release ventilation is similar to PCIRV – instead of being a variation of PCV in which the I:E ratio is reversed, APRV is a variation of CPAP that releases pressure temporarily on exhalation. This unique mode of ventilation results in higher average airway pressures. Patients are able to spontaneously ventilate at both low and high pressures, although typically most (or all) ventilation occurs at the high pressure. In the absence of attempted breaths, APRV and PCIRV are identical. As in PCIRV, hemodynamic compromise is a concern in APRV. Additionally, APRV typically requires increased sedation

oxygen toxicity, toxicity oxygen, hypocapnia, loss of oxygen

Synchronized Intermittent-Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)

Guarantees a certain number of breaths, but unlike ACV, patient breaths are partially their own, reducing the risk of hyperinflation or alkalosis. Mandatory breaths are synchronized to coincide with spontaneous respirations. Disadvantages of SIMV are increased work of breathing and a tendency to reduce cardiac output, which may prolong ventilator dependency. The addition of pressure support on top of spontaneous breaths can reduce some of the work of breathing. SIMV has been shown to decrease cardiac output in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction

I can't believe I'm finally registered now! Thanks so much Respiratory Teacher. Everything in the Ebook was on the exam.  Thanks so much well worth the money.

Taylor Sullivan

RRT, Kindred Hospital

Taking the board exam was a great experience for me. I and a couple of classmates used Respiratory Teacher and we all passed the exam. Thanks Respiratory Teacher the information in the EBook Great!

Kelly Sanders

Respiratory Therapist, Texas Rehab

Guys, all I can say is get the ebook. I promise you won't regret it. I was almost about to lose my job due to not being registered.

 Respiratory Teacher is a life saver! Thanks so much.

Hugh Canduit

RRT, Baylor Scott & White

Customer Reviews

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Frank Dunnahe, RRT

5* Passed the TMC on the first try. Well worth the money for this study guide.

Steven Walters, RRT

I just took the TMC yesterday after being out of school for 10 years! My Score was 128 out of 140! Thank you so much Respiratory Tutor.

Summer Brooks, CRT

It definitely helped me pass both the TMC and the Clinical Sims! Also the  price is so affordable.

Tiana Sanders,RRT

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INF-22306 Programming in Python

Credits 6.00

Teaching methodContact hours
Course coordinator(s)ir. MA Zijp
Lecturer(s)V Garousi A Kassahun
dr. SA Osinga
drs. MR Kramer
ir. G Moerland
ir. MA Zijp
Examiner(s)drs. MR Kramer

Language of instruction:

Assumed knowledge on:

Elementary computer skills.

Continuation courses:

Software Engineering, Big Data, Agent-Based Modelling for Complex Adaptive Systems, Data Management, Information Systems for Managers and Engineers.

Software plays an important role in many domains. Very often, scientists are writing or adapting computer programs to process or analyse their data and present their results in a suitable format (e.g. on the Internet). This course does not aim to produce professional programmers, but rather to build understanding of the underlying principles and equip future academics with basic skills to create computer programs for small-scale use. The same principles are needed for writing custom code in many simulation, modelling, and engineering tools.
The programming language Python serves a broad application domain ranging from short scripts to full-blown software systems (e.g. Google uses Python). The course gives an introduction to libraries of available components, and how to use these for building your own software.
Note: The course in period five is only available for the February intake of MSc students from MBF and MPB.

Learning outcomes:

- implement a given algorithm as a computer program (in Python);
- adapt and combine standard algorithms to solve a given problem (includes numerical as well as non-numerical algorithms);
- adequately use standard programming constructs: repetition, selection, functions, composition, modules, aggregated data (arrays, lists, etc.);
- explain what a given program (in Python) does;
- identify and repair coding errors in a program;
- understand and use object based software concepts (constructing OO software will be dealt with in a continuation course);
- use library software for (e.g.) building a graphical user interface, web application, or mathematical software.

- lectures;
- computer labs (partly supervised);
- class room exercises;
- studying book and electronic materials.

Written closed book exam.

Compulsory for: BATBiosystems EngineeringBSc1AF
Restricted Optional for: BBWSoil, Water, AtmosphereBSc1AF, 2MO
MMLMolecular Life SciencesMScD: Physical Chemistry2MO, 5MO
MMLMolecular Life SciencesMScC: Physical Biology1AF
MPBPlant BiotechnologyMScA: Functional Plant Genomics1AF, 2MO, 5MO
MBFBioinformaticsMSc1AF, 2MO, 5MO
MGIGeo-Information ScienceMSc1AF, 2MO
Restricted Optional for: WUDSCBSc Minor Data Science1AF


Ellipses (...) have only one purpose in academic writing: to indicate when you have omitted part of a quotation.

In some contexts outside of academic writing, you might end a sentence with ellipses to indicate that you have paused or that a thought has trailed off. But in a formal paper, your writing should flow smoothly and your thoughts should never trail off. If you use ellipses to indicate that you are uncertain about an idea or unable to articulate it, you will weaken your argument significantly.

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UN official slams racism in Australia

The prevalence of racism against indigenous Australians is deeply disturbing, a senior United Nationals official has said after travelling the country to inspect the treatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

UN special rapporteur Victoria Tauli-Corpuz says Australia needs a more comprehensive human rights framework to protect the rights of indigenous peoples.

"This (racism) manifests itself in different ways, ranging from public stereotyped portrayals of them as violent criminals, welfare profiteers and poor parents to discrimination in the administration of justice," she said in Canberra on Monday.

Ms Tauli-Corpuz said Aboriginal doctors and patients had opened up about experiencing racism within the medical sector during her 15-day visit to Australia and the issue had been identified in a national health plan.

The special rapporteur also struck out at the number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in youth justice detention.

"I found meeting young children, some only 12 years old, in detention the most disturbing element of my visit," she said.

"Much more should be done to ensure that the detention of children remains the exception, rather than the norm."

Related Articles

More broadly, Ms Tauli-Corpuz said the number of indigenous people behind bars in Australian prisons was "simply astounding".

"The incredibly high rate of incarceration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, including women and children, is a major human rights concern," she said.

"While Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders make up only three per cent of the total population, they constitute 27 per cent of the prison population and much more in some prisons."

Ms Tauli-Corpuz called for a rethink of laws and policies not specifically targeted at indigenous people but which have a disproportionate impact on them, such as paperless arrest laws in the Northern Territory.

More should also be done to recruit Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prison staff and train workers in cultural sensitivity, she said.

Elsewhere, Ms Tauli-Corpuz said Australia's mainstream education system inadequately covered Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history and the impact of colonisation.

She urged the federal government to renew efforts to progress constitutional recognition of indigenous people and encouraged it to explore the possibility of a treaty with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

The special rapporteur also called on the government to develop a national strategy to eliminate the over-representation of indigenous children in out-of-home care and another on violence against indigenous women.

Ms Tauli-Corpuz will present a report of her findings and recommendations in September, just a month before Australia finds out whether it has secured a coveted seat on the UN's Human Rights Council.

© AAP 2018

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Healthy Living

The FDA's Approval of Gazyva for Follicular Lymphoma

Why is Gazyva considered more effective than Retuxan?

A recent study has shown Gazyva to be more effective than Rituxan in the treatment of FL.

This conclusion is based on data from the phase 3 Gallium study, in which combining Gazyva and Rituxan with the chemo drug bendamustine in the first round of treatment reduced the risk of disease progression by 28% for Gazyva vs. Rituxan.

In other words, Gazyva prolonged the first remission. (Helio)

Also, one in four participating in the Gazyva study went into remission.

There were remissions in the Rituxan study as well.

However, “data suggest that progression-free-survival will be about 1.5 times longer with obinutuzumab (Gazyva) than with Rituxin (rituximab).


Course Dates: Open-ended
Enrollment Dates: Enroll Anytime
Who can Enroll: Anyone
Course Language: English
Price:  $35.00

About this course

This course describes five diverse, evidence-supported group therapy models that are used to treat substance use disorders.

1. Describe the advantages of group treatment when treating substance abuse.
2. State at least two differences between process groups and self-help groups.
3. Name the five group therapy models described in the course and describe each model.
4. Describe how to assess for treatment readiness.
5. Evaluate the purposes, characteristics, techniques, and leadership styles of problem-solving groups that focus on problematic behavior.
6. Discuss ways to match clients with the appropriate type of treatment group.
7. Identify cultural considerations when matching clients with substance use treatment groups.

Course Content :


Diseases and Conditions

Brain metastases

Treatment for people whose cancer has spread to the brain is often surgery, radiation therapy or both. In some cases, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are helpful. Treatment is often focused on reducing pain and symptoms resulting from the cancer.


Processing personal data

Rejlers cares about your privacy and the protection of your personal data. This means that Rejlers makes every effort to ensure that we only collect and process your personal data to the necessary extent. With the advent of the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the protection enjoyed by the individual regarding their personal data will be strengthened. For Rejlers, this has meant reviewing our procedures and revising them to ensure that the rights and freedoms of the individual are protected. The following text offers an overview of how Rejlers processes your personal data, what your rights are and who you can turn to if you have any further questions or concerns regarding the processing of you own personal data.

Controller of personal data

Rejlers AB, company reg. no. 556349-8426, is the controller for the company’s processing of personal data.

Processor of personal data

Under certain circumstances, the controller may employ the services of a processor, i.e. a company that carries out processing on behalf of Rejlers. In the event that Rejlers employs the services of a processor, prior to any processing taking place Rejlers will ensure that an agreement is in place that regulates how your data is to be processed.

Where do we process your personal data?

Rejlers strives to ensure that all processing of personal data takes place within the EU/EEA, and that Rejlers own IT system is entirely located in Sweden.

In the event that personal data is to be processed outside the EU/EEA, Rejlers will take all necessary measures to ensure that this takes place with the same level of protection required by GDPR. Among other things, this means the use of standard EU clauses and recognised organisations, such as those who have joined the Privacy Shield Framework.

Rejlers uses various security systems to protect the personal data we process, including antivirus protection, firewalls and information rights management to protect from unauthorised access. We also use encryption to protect particularly sensitive data. Rejlers works continuously to maintain and improve security in our IT environment.

For how long do we store your personal data?

Rejlers stores your personal data only for as long as is necessary for any given purpose. See specific storage periods under each purpose for further information.

What are your rights as the data subject?

Right to access (i.e. to receive a register extract)

Rejlers is always open and transparent about how we process your personal data. If you would like greater insight into what personal data we are processing about you, you can request access to your data in the form of a register extract at any time. When we receive such a request, we may need to ask you for further information to ensure the efficient processing of your request and that the extract is being provided to the correct person.

Right to rectification

You can request the rectification of inaccurate personal data concerning you. Taking into account the purposes of the processing, you also have the right to supplement incomplete personal data.

Right to erasure (right to be forgotten)

You can request the erasure of your personal data under the following circumstances:

  • You object to a balance of interests assessment made by us based on our own legitimate interest and your reason for objecting outweighs our legitimate interest.
  • Your personal data must be erased for compliance with a legal obligation to which we are subject.

Rejlers has the right to refuse your request if we are under a legal obligation that prevents us from immediately erasing your personal data. Such a legal obligation may relate to bookkeeping and accounting legislation or other mandatory legislation. It may also be the case that processing is necessary in order for us to establish, exercise or defend a legal claim. Should we be prevented from erasing your personal data as per your request, we will instead block the data in question from being used for purposes other than that which prevents us from carrying out the requested erasure.

Right to restrict processing

You have the right to request restrictions on our processing of your personal data. If you have reason to believe that we are processing inaccurate personal data, you can request that processing be restricted for the period of time required for us to verify the accuracy of the personal data. If we no longer require your personal data for the stated purpose, but you require them in order to establish, exercise or defend a legal claim, you can request the restriction of Rejlers’ processing of the personal data. This means that you can request that we do not erase your data.

If you have objected to processing based on our legitimate interests, you can request that processing be restricted for the period of time required for us to assess whether Rejlers’ legitimate interests outweigh your interest in having your data erased. If processing has been restricted in accordance with any of the above circumstances, we are only permitted to process your personal data in order to establish, exercise or defend a legal claim, to protect someone else’s rights or with your consent.

Right to object to certain types of processing

You always retain the right to object to processing of personal data based on balance of interests or where your personal data has been used for direct marketing purposes. In order to continue processing your personal data after such an objection, we must demonstrate a compelling legitimate reason for the processing in question that outweighs your own interests, rights or personal freedoms. Otherwise, we may only process your personal data in order to establish, exercise or defend a legal claim.

Right to data portability

If our right to process your personal data is based on your consent or the fulfilment of an agreement with you, you have the right to request that the personal data concerning you, and that you have provided us with, be transferred to another controller. This is known as data portability. A precondition for data portability is that the transfer is technically possible and can be carried out by automated means.


New Accenture Tool Aims To Remove Algorithmic Bias

The risk of AI systems hard-coding in the biases of their developers is one of the biggest challenges facing AI today.  The size of the challenge was highlighted by recent work from MIT and Stanford University, which found that three commercially available facial-analysis programs display considerable biases against both gender and skin-types.

Consulting firm Accenture have developed a new tool that they claim will identify algorithmic biases to help companies make fair and ethical use of AI.  The tool will check the data that feeds any AI-based tool to determine whether sensitive variables have an impact upon other variables.  For instance, gender is usually correlated with profession, so even if a company removes gender from the data set, it can still produced biased results if profession is part of the data set.

The tool will then test for any algorithmic biases in terms of false positives and false negatives.  Based upon these results, it will then adjust the model so that impact is equalized and people are treated fairly.  In other words, it aims to do more than simply highlight a problem, it also aims to fix it for you.  Whilst doing this, it also aims to calculate the trade-offs in performance as a result of the increased fairness, all in a visual way that aims to aid decision making, even among non-technical audiences.

“AI is already making lifechanging decisions, from medical diagnoses, parole judgements, and even matchmaking. But by now we know that these decisions aren’t always right. The results they generate can be skewed by biased data, leading to discrimination against racial background, age, gender, dialect, income, residence and more. There is a risk that AI, despite being deployed with the best intentions, could aggravate prejudices in both business and society, which so many have worked to tear down,” Accenture say.

“As the stakes get higher, everyone in the world of AI is acutely aware of the need to reach the highest standards of ethics possible. But there are other compelling pressures too: businesses know they need to be fastest to market. The AI Fairness Tool aims to reconcile this through an applied, interdisciplinary and innovation-friendly approach. Balancing both rapid innovation and agile ethics, it will help AI systems treat all people in a fair and unbiased way.”

The fairness of AI

It’s part of a wider body of work that’s aiming to make sure that AI is developed with fairness front and center.  Earlier this year the House of Lords Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence released a report exploring the ethical development of artificial intelligence in the future.  The Committee developed five principles around which they urge the development of AI to revolve:

The authors of that report, the Science and Technology Committee, returned with a second paper exploring the ethics of algorithmic decision making.

The report, whose launch coincided with the roll out of GDPR, chimes with the earlier House of Lords report.  Both highlight the tremendous potential of AI, but also the need to ensure development is pursued in an ethical way.

The authors call for a ‘Centre for Data Ethics & Innovation’ to be established by the government to ensure algorithms are transparent and free from bias, whilst allowing individuals to challenge decisions that affect them and seek redress where appropriate.

The report also proposes greater government oversight of instances whereby companies make use of public datasets in their algorithms, and indeed how those datasets could be monetized.

So it’s pleasing to see Accenture develop this kind of tool.  Suffice to say, the value will come with the accuracy of the tool, and the company are currently testing it to ensure its reliability.  They have already prototyped it with a credit decision making tool however.

Should those tests prove effective, it is likely to be integrated into the Accenture Insights Platform, although that decision has still to be finalized.


Rewiring the Brain for Success

(available 2016 Date: TBD)

This is an intense workshop utilizing the techniques found in brain-based research to move past defeating negative self-talk, thinking, behaving and reacting. The workshop is helpful for any employee who would like to improve their ability to gain improved results at work and/or at home.

Many people do not achieve their goals due to self-defeating and sabotaging beliefs, thoughts, perceptions, attitudes and behaviors. This workshop is the foundation for “rewiring” the brain for success and happiness that individuals can build upon to change their lives and increase their personal happiness and job performance and success.

Workshop Participants will:

  1. Learn the basics of brain research and function in relation to self-talk, thinking, behaving and reacting
  2. Learn how to align values with intentions/goals including how to properly personally express these intentions/goals for maximum results
  3. Identify defeating beliefs, thoughts, behaviors, and emotions

Learn tools to overcome defeating thoughts, behaviors and emotions and replace these with powerful techniques to achieve maximum potential


学術雑誌論文 Anomalous Particle through Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene using Oil-Soluble Initiator

Yamamoto, Tetsuya  ,  Kim, SeulChan

24 ( 9 )  , pp.149 - 149 , 2017-09 , Springer
One of oil-soluble initiators, VF-096, might work as cross-linker. This initiator wouldenable to synthesize the particle with cross-linking, which was involved with the particlemorphology. Soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene using this initiator was carriedout to develop the method to control the particle morphology in one batch system. As a result,it was found that anomalous particle was generated without stirring and the particlemorphology changed to be spherical by increasing shear stress through the stirring. One ofthe origins of the anomalous particle was the phase separation of the water in the particle andrelease of it from inside of the particle to the bulk.

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The goal of this service is to help the lab understand each design and solve issues related to lens power or lens measurement. Advanced free-form lenses present special features due to user optimization, customization, de-centration, etc. It is normal that staff at the lab, Doctors or opticians, can have doubts or questions about the properties of specific lenses. IOT's support team, with extensive knowledge about advanced lens properties, can answer all these questions, and help the lab provide better service to its customers.


Harley-Davidson: A Perfect Example of a Brand Survivor and Protector

Many times, people hear them before they see them. Whether individually or grouped in a crowd, they come rumbling loudly and distinctly. Dressed in shiny chrome, tailored colors, personal insignias, and unique designs, Harley-Davidson motorcycles make a big statement. So big in fact that they make up approximately half of the U.S. motorcycle industry. In 2017, company revenue reached $5.65 billion with 242,788 retail motorcycle sales worldwide. No other motorcycle company compares with the strong customer base that surrounds the Harley-Davidson brand. Its Harley Owners Group (HOG) boasts more than 1,000 chapters and more than one million members around the world. The company even has a Harley-Davidson Museum located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin that showcases 450 motorcycles, attracting an estimated 300,000 visitors annually.

This year, Harley-Davidson celebrates its 115th anniversary, which is no small feat for any company, let alone one that offers nonessential products. Over the years, Harley-Davidson has endured depressions, wars, and strong competitors, and still reigns in the motorcycle industry today. It has offered hundreds of models in three broad categories: touring motorcycles, cruiser motorcycles, and sportsters & street bikes. However, while motorcycles are at the crux of the brand, its merchandise is no small factor in the success of the company. In fact, in 2016, the brand’s clothing accounted for 5% of total sales, at nearly $285 million.

Since clothing and the overall use of the brand name contributes to the success of the company, Harley-Davidson aggressively pursued an infringement case against print-on-demand T-shirt company SunFrog. SunFrog’s service allows customers to design T-shirts and store the designs in the company’s online database, in which other customers can use. This method makes it easy for customers to use a company logo to design a shirt and then give access to that design to countless other customers. In this case, more than 100 instances of infringement occurred using Harley-Davidson’s designs, to which Harley-Davidson objected. As a result, Harley-Davidson won the biggest awarded trademark infringement case in history at $19.2 million.

This verdict comes at a crucial time for Harley-Davidson as the company faces a slump with 2017 representing the third annual decline in sales. This slump forces the company to close its Kansas City, MO factory and to focus on other ways to build sales. However, as history has proven, Harley-Davidson is a survivor with a powerful brand. After all, it is one of the most recognized brands in the world. With new target market demographics such as women, minorities, and young adults, an electric motorcycle in the near future, ever-evolving models, and consistent protection of its brand, Harley-Davidson may survive another 100+ years!

Trademarked Scents a Rarity

Trademarking a scent is an uncommon event. This is because scents usually serve as a particular function, such as perfumes or air fresheners, where their purpose is to make something smell a certain way. Therefore, scents are typically patented rather than trademarked. While patents often protect something that serves a function, trademarks typically help consumers associate certain products with a brand. Trademarks that are most familiar include logos, symbols, and slogans. However, scents, sounds, and colors may also serve as trademarks, but trying to prove that they work as trademarks is a hard sell.

To trademark a scent, the scent must be distinctive, reminding consumers of a particular product. However, this is a rare occasion. In fact, only 13 active scent trademark registrations exist today. Although distinctive smells surround us daily, we do not typically think of a particular company or product to attach that smell to. For instance, while McDonald’s French fries or even a Starbucks coffee may have a particular smell, these smells are not distinctive enough to separate them from other fast food French Fries or coffee. For instance, when we smell greasy fries, we do not automatically think of McDonald’s. We typically just associate that smell with French fries in general.

Therefore, obtaining a trademark for a scent is a remarkable feat. However, in May of this year, Hasboro joined an elite group of scent trademark owners. The USPTO determined that the Play-Doh scent is distinctive enough for consumers to associate it with the product. Given that Hasboro has sold more than 3 billion cans of Play-Doh since 1956 and sells 100 million cans annually, it is likely that millions of people have become familiar with the scent. This means that the scent is unique enough that when consumers smell it, it reminds them of Play-Doh. It means that the scent is like no other. In comparison to other companies that have been awarded trademarks for scents, Hasboro’s Play-Doh scent was likely incidental based on its ingredients. This means that the company likely did not purposefully create a scent for its products like Verizon did to help customers associate its scent with Verizon stores. Rather, the mixed ingredients just had a particular scent that worked to Hasboro’s advantage. Filing for a trademark for that scent was a smart business move for Hasboro.

Could Blockchain Technology Be the Game Changer in Combatting Cybercrime?

Cybercrime poses a huge threat, costing the world an estimated $600 billion in 2017, up from $450+ billion in 2016. Among cybercrime is the threat of identity theft. In 2017, 16.7 million U.S. citizens were victims of identity theft at a $16.8 billion cost, up from 15.4 million victims at a $16.2 billion cost in 2016. These statistics indicate that cybercrime is a serious problem that continues to climb at a rapid rate.

Cybercrime can happen in a variety of ways including sending unsolicited emails, illegally downloading music, stealing personal bank account information, creating computer viruses, and so much more. With all of these options, it’s no wonder cybercrime is so high! Furthermore, technology changes so rapidly that businesses and individuals often use outdated technology. Using outdated technology presents a host of opportunities for cybercrime to occur.

As cybercrime continues to create challenges, companies continue to improve technology. A relatively new concept called blockchains is on the horizon, which may be the game changer in slowing down cybercrime. Blockchains are digital registers that permanently and securely store transactions. This technology uses a hierarchical method to save data in blocks, with each block pointing to a previous block with a timestamp of each transaction. This method makes it easy to trace and audit transactions. It is also a secure way of tracking transactions as data saved in blocks cannot be modified or breached. In addition, the decentralization of blockchains makes it hard for cybercrime to occur.

While the technology is in its infant stages, interest continues to increase. According to Statista, the blockchain technology market will rise from an estimated $210 million in 2016 to an estimated $2.3 billion by 2021. An increase in blockchain patent filings corroborates a significant increase in the field as blockchain patent applications more than doubled in 2017 with more than 1200 applications compared to 594 in 2016. Some of the biggest companies in the world are conducting research and filing patent applications, including Sony, Google, Microsoft, Bank of America, Walmart, MasterCard, IBM, and many others. Blockchains can support a variety of industries that conduct many transactions such as finance, real estate, healthcare, music, insurance, and many others, as evidenced by the various types of companies filing for patent protection.

As blockchain technology becomes more mainstream and more companies continue to file patent protection, potential exists for combatting cybercrime on a higher level.

IP Potential in eSports

Sports play a big role in entertaining people around the world. The variety of sports brings a significant amount of fans, amounting to tens of billions. Each sports market involves some form of intellectual property. For instance, the football market has many patents. Football patents exist for helmets, trousers, the ten-yard line, artificial turf, shoes, and more. Trademarks exist for Super Bowl logos, specific team names, taglines, and much more. And of course copyrights exist for televised games. Without intellectual property, these markets would not make near the revenue that they do and there would be no entitlement to the pieces that make up the markets. For instance, without copyrights, any fan could sell or copy televised events, merchandise, or tickets without repercussions. At that rate, the sport would not be able to make a profit to pay the team players or other personnel that make events happen. In turn, the markets would fold and billions of fans would be in mourning.

While traditional sports command big followings, another type of sport is receiving great interest, eSports. eSports is hitting the market by storm. In 2017, eSports drew 258 million unique viewers with $1.5 billion revenue, with an expected reach to 299 million viewers this year and $2 billion revenue by 2021.

eSports is the sport of video gaming on a professional level. It typically involves a team. Popular eSports include League of Legends, Dota 2, Counter-Strike, and Overwatch. Fans can watch via online or at special venues such as arenas. Prize pools are in the millions of dollars, with an expected rise as eSports continues to garner more interest. Just like traditional sports, eSports advertises, endorses, and brands its events. Therefore, obtaining intellectual property to protect the eSports market is a necessity.

What makes eSports so enticing and exciting to so many people is that it does not take extraordinary athletic ability, a specific body build, or an exorbitant amount of money in training, equipment, and apparel to make it in the sport. The average person could make it in the eSports world with lots of practice in front of a video screen at home. Honing one’s skills still takes commitment, but the costs of getting there are not quite as high as traditional sports. Furthermore, the average person is more likely to relate to eSports competitors because he or she can also be a participant, making it even more exciting to watch others at the professional level. In contrast, most average people can only dream of having the skills, knowledge, and build to make it to a traditional sports level. For all of these reasons, the eSports market is expected to soar in the coming years. As a result, it is likely that intellectual property surrounding eSports will increase.

In the past ten years, patent grants for “digital gaming” have reached nearly 160,000, according to a search in ipAnalytx, an IP analytical database. Companies involved in the market include technology giants such as Samsung, Google, Microsoft, Intel, and many others. However, patents are just one type of intellectual property that will experience an increase in the eSports market. Gaming companies that broadcast or hold events must file for copyrights to avoid piracy. Teams and their players must invest in trademarks to protect their identities, market their brands, and gain sponsorships. Therefore, the IP potential for eSports may be enormous.

China’s IP Changes and Their Impact

China is a big contender in the innovation world. According to the WIPO, China was closely on the heels of the United States in 2017 for the most international patent applications. The United States filed 56,624 PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) applications, while China filed 48,882 PCT applications. In 2016, China received more overall patent applications than any other country with more than 1.3 million applications. In comparison, the United States paled with a little more than 605,000 patent applications.

Given the sheer size of China and the number of patent filings, China will remain a big contender in innovation for years to come. While competing with the volume of innovation coming from China is cumbersome, the United States also faces billions of dollars in IP theft from China. The exact number is not known, but estimates range from $225 billion to $600 billion annually. Furthermore, inconsistent protection of foreign patents and various rules make it challenging to solve IP infringement cases fairly. In addition, China typically offers damages awards at the low end of the spectrum, making litigation exceptionally expensive due to the time, effort, and loss in sales during the process.

In order for the United States and other foreign parties to feel that they are getting a fair shake, the treatment of IP via China must conform to higher standards. Fortunately, albeit slowly, China is showing signs of improvement resulting in fairer outcomes. For instance, in late 2017, China awarded New Balance $1.5 million in damages for trademark infringement. This was a significant win for New Balance as it previously had little luck winning counterfeit arguments in China prior to this point. Also in 2017, the Motion Pictures Association of America (MPAA) won a copyright infringement case against a large online Chinese video company, indicating China’s effort to crack down on piracy. Furthermore, according to a 2016 study, foreign companies won more than 70% of patent infringement cases in China.

While China is showing marked improvements in its treatment of IP, the standards do not rival those of the United States. Treatment of IP in China will likely be challenging for years to come as the country works to define its standards and policies. However, the good news is that the country is working on the issue. Therefore, a positive outlook for fair treatment of IP may strengthen U.S. and China business relationships.

2017: A Year in Review

Tax Reform and Its Effect on IP

Five Reasons Musicians Need Registered Copyrights

When Rebranding Makes Sense

Unique Trademark Designs Provide the Best Protection


Annamarie Castrilli FAQs: Facts, Rumors, Birthdate, Net Worth, Sexual Orientation and much more!

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Who is Annamarie Castrilli? Biography, gossip, facts?

Annamarie Castrilli (born 1949) is a former politician in Ontario Canada. A lawyer and university lecturer she sat on several boards of directors including being the chair of the University of Toronto's Governing Council. She was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1995 Ontario general election as a Liberal and served as a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) through June 1999. In 1996 she ran for the leadership of the Ontario Liberal Party but finished sixth.

Is Annamarie Castrilli still alive? Are there any death rumors?

Yes, as far as we know, Annamarie Castrilli is still alive. We don't have any current information about Annamarie Castrilli's health. However, being younger than 50, we hope that everything is ok.

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Helpful information

Coordinated work of the muscle membrane is organized complex natural mechanisms of regulation, which at any moment can be broken as different kinds of pathologies (neuroses, inflammatory process, etc.) and some physiological conditions, e.g. pregnancy.

As is often stabbing pain in the lower abdomen associated with a particular spasm of muscle fibers, to eliminate this kind of pain syndrome is possible, using modern antispasmodics (for example, "Papaverine", "Spazmalgon", "Nosh-PA").

It is worth noting that often stabbing pain in the lower abdomen can be a symptom of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the genitourinary system or of other serious disorders of the nervous system. You should not self-medicate. A consultation with a qualified professional to help deal with the true cause of arising sharp pain in the abdomen.
The doctor, examining General condition, prescribe the appropriate treatment and give valuable recommendations.

Causes of sharp pain in the abdomen

Often stabbing pain in the lower abdomen associated with pregnancy. They are caused by transient (transient) reductions of separate fibers of the muscle membrane of the uterus. It should be noted that pain, as a rule, formed physiological causes. It is known that during pregnancy the uterus is quite rapidly increasing in size. It's no surprise that during the active development and growth there are some "problems" of regulation of muscular fibres, which are manifested clinically by attacks of piercing pain in the lower abdomen.

Stabbing pain in the lower abdomen can also be caused by diseases of the intestine. They are associated typically with chronic inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane.

In the long course of the disease in the first place interfering with the natural working of the muscle membrane of the intestine. This leads to systematic spasms of her muscles.

It is known that stabbing pain in the abdomen often occur due to diseases of the urinary system. Pain on the left or right of the abdomen indicate spasms of smooth muscle muscles in the corresponding ureter. In these cases the pain is often accompanied by the so-called "dysuria" (painful urination, urgent need to urinate, frequent urination).

Urolithiasis is the most common cause spasms of the ureters. At the first symptoms of this disease should immediately seek help at a health facility.


What You Must Need to Know About A Learner’s Permit

A learner’s permit is a restricted license with set guidelines for what’s allowed and what’s disallowed.

Select Your State:

The premise of this permit is to provide citizens with a chance to learn on the road (legally) while developing their driving skills.

In order to be legally able to drive on the road, you must have car insurance which can be obtained with a permit as well.

Let’s go through some frequently asked questions by learner permit holder.

Can you drive to school with a learner permit?

In Indiana, Iowa, Texas, Maryland, Rhode Island and Kentucky a student between 17-18 is allowed to drive the vehicle on their own.

While teenage drivers in California, Oregon, Nebraska, Maine, Florida, New York, Kansas, Illinois, Oklahoma and Arizona require a signed slip before doing so.

Can you use a driver’s permit out of state?

In most cases, an out of state permit is accepted as a possible solution, but there are listed restrictions on what one can do. For example, states such as Nevada, New York, and Oregon have an age-based restriction.

Can you drive with a permit with passengers?

Drivers are allowed to drive without passengers in certain states, but it’s recommended to do so within established hours (1 am in Wisconsin or 9 PM in South Carolina).

However, a driver cannot do so for the first six months of his/her approved permit. They can only sit with a licensed parent or instructor.

Can I drive myself to work with a permit?

The same rules apply as the ones listed for driving to school.

If one can drive to school, he/she can drive to work in the same states.

What time are learners allowed to drive?

Learners are allowed to drive between established hours, and these are highlighted on the official website.

However, these restrictions are lifted once a person has had the license for six months.

Can you drive on the highway with a permit?

Yes, one may drive on the highway with his/her permit as long as all restrictions have been lifted.

How long do you have to wait after your permit to get your license?

You have to keep the learner’s permit for at least six months before applying for the enhanced license. It is also essential to complete 50-hours of “behind the wheel” Training to apply for the new license. This training requires attention to detail and is something to note for those who are seeking a smooth transition.

A driver has to be of a certain age (over 16) before applying too.