The national selecting conference is held every year in spring and the attendance is approximately 120 members. The chairsteam is mostly consisted of: half czech chairs and the other half of internationals chairs. The national selection conference used to have

Even as the modern people view global economy as a Frankenstein out there to rule humans with NASDAQ and its claws, a 100-year old book might still haunt many as a quiet premonition on the dethronement of humans from the

In Adam Smith’s monumental work, The Wealth of Nations, he explains how it is generally the inherent human nature of self-love that is pushing the economy to flourish, and a system that allows for people to liberally seek their best

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Louise Irene Downing loved to garden. She was well known in the neighborhood for her weed-less garden. She would always get up with the sunrise, and would often tend it until noon. Her garden always produced a large variety of fruits and vegetables, and her harvest was ample to take care of her family and neighbors. Whenever anyone came to visit they left with fresh produce for their table. Her children and grandchildren will always remember sitting in the back yard under the maple tree eating fresh peas, strawberries,peaches or whatever suited them. "Weezy" taught all of the kids a true love for gardening and eating fresh produce, She was an organic gardener.


Russian Jewish Sculptor Moissey Kogan Perished in Auschwitz

FRANKFURT, Germany - Art historians in Germany for the first time have located Russian Jewish sculptor Moissey Kogan's name on lists of deportees to Auschwitz, confirming suspicions he died in the Nazi death camp, a curator said Thursday.

Arie Hartog, curator for a retrospective of Kogan's life work at the Gerhard-Marcks-Haus museum in the northern German city of Bremen, said new research from archives in Paris had located Kogan's name on a list of Jews arrested and deported to Auschwitz by the Nazis in 1943.

The information confirms what art historians began to suspect in the 1960s, but until now had no proof to support: that the sculptor best known for his small sculptures and graphic works was a victim of the Holocaust.

In the late 1940s and 1950s, historians had though that Kogan had died in Paris before the outbreak of World War II, Hartog said. The date of his death has always been listed as unknown.

Kogan remains little known outside of Europe, although he had secured commissions in Berlin, Zurich and Paris before the outbreak of World War I, Hartog said.

"He was considered a great hopeful of European sculpture before 1914," Hartog said.

The Nazis included Kogan on a blacklist of artists in 1933 and included his work in a 1938 exhibit of so-called "degenerate art." He later left Germany for Switzerland and then Paris.

In addition to his sculptures, Kogan made several dozen prints, mainly woodcuts and a few linocuts. A Bonn-based archive is currently working with art historians and public institutions to register and verify all of his works.

The retrospective opens Nov. 3 and runs until Feb. 2, 2003.


Question: A developer has purchased property and discovers that the prior owner left several 55-gallon barrels that are full outside in storage area. The barrels are labeled "Hazardous Waste" and the date on the label reflects that materials were first stored in the container more than six months ago. The barrels are closed, in good condition, and not leaking. Does federal law require the owner to provide a report to environmental agencies about the barrels even though they are intact and not leaking?

Answer: Yes, the developer is required to report the discovery of the barrels if the amount of materials in the barrels exceed reportable quantities specified in the regulations, which is probably the case here given the number of barrels involved. Federal law requires all property owners to report any condition that is considered to be a "release" of a reportable quantity or more of a hazardous substance or waste to the environment. Though the hazardous waste barrels are intact and not leaking, the term release is defined broadly and includes not only ?any spilling[and] leaking" but also "the abandonment or discarding of barrels, containers, and other closed receptacles containing any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.? 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) § 302.2. The barrels that the developer discovered clearly were abandoned by the prior owner, unless facts show plans by the prior owner to properly dispose the waste. Federal law required the developer, as the new owner, to report the abandoned barrels as a release to the environment, if a reportable quantity or more is involved. Reports must be made to the National Response Center by telephone and to local and state emergency response centers. 40 CFR §§ 302.4, 355.40. Failure to report is subject to considerable penalties of up to $27,500 per day. Additionally, because the materials in the barrels have been accumulated for more than six months, authorities may bring enforcement action against the prior owner for storing waste for extended periods without authorization. State laws may impose additional reporting requirements as well and should be explored.


Tipping is an activity that has deep moral and social roots in America. Stemming from European aristocrats who had money to flaunt when going out, the idea stuck here in the United States, where it eventually spread. Today in the tipping arena, some find it a bit confusing, but it is said that you should tip at least 15% to 20% the cost of the actual bill. This is because the minimum wage for most servers is $2.22 and since they make such a small amount, the customers that they serve will often be encouraged to pick up the slack.

When it comes to tipping, each individual's circumstance is different than the other. While some people have money to spend frivolously, other's may be on a tighter budget. Though the 15% to 20% idea is set into place, it isn't a hard set rule. In fact, it isn't illegal to not tip at all. However, considering the meager earnings of workers nationwide, it's something to consider. Social media platforms such as Twitter and Instagram are showing their appreciation and support for those working in the food industry with a #TipTheBillChallenge, a movement in which people are tipping 100% of the bill. Example: If your bill is $35 dollars, you'll match that with another $35 dollars, so on and so forth.

Surveys show that tipping is correlated to age and gender, but learned social norms are the most prominent reasons for tipping. Though the #TipTheBillChallenge is highly inspiring for many people as a means to give back to those who tend to, feed, and clean up after them, it is in no way mandatory, so if you aren't necessarily carrying ample cash around, you don't have to feel obligated. It also isn't necessary to pay double the amount of your bill everytime that you go out. The movement was implemented to show those in the food service industry, just how appreciated they are.

I had a super nice table tonight #tipthebillchallenge

A post shared by Kyla ???? (@kyla7795) on

Though tipping is a generous action to extend towards those who serve you, it isn't mandatory, nor do you have to tip the designated 15% to 20%, especially if you are low on funds and have no extra money to give. However, it is always a nice thing to do something for someone else whenever you can. Though you may not get a thank you back, it always feels great to do things for other people and expect nothing in return.

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Your doctor will do a physical examination including the fol- lowing: pushing on your abdomen, listening to your abdomen with 13 Copyright © 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CAUSE WHAT IS IT YPICAL SYMPTOMS Muscle strain Injury to muscles Muscle spasms near the spine, pain does not move to the legs, often begins after lifting Spinal fracture A break in one of the Severe, persistent pain, bones of the spine, tenderness, often the result called vertebrae of back injury or fall Osteomyelitis Bone infection Constant and progressive back pain lasting several weeks, may be history of recent infection Osteoarthritis The most common form Limited range of motion of of arthritis, or inflam- the spine, often accompa- mation of the joints nied by pain in other joints, more common in the elderly Ankylosing Arthritis affecting the Stiffness, lower back pain, spondylitis spine reduced flexibility in the spine, more common in young men Shingles Re-activation of the virus Painful skin sores that causes chicken pox; more common in the elderly who have had chicken pox Peptic ulcer Severe irritation of the Abdominal pain or tender- stomach lining ness, pain in the mid-back region, sometimes relieved by antacids BACK PAIN 15 WHAT CAN CAUSE BACK PAIN, AND WHAT IS TYPICAL FOR EACH CAUSE? Your Doctor Visit What your doctor will ask you about: how often the child wets the bed, if she has “accidents” during the day, if she is excessively hungry or thirsty, if she produces a large amount of urine or has trouble or pain with urination, seizures, numbness, or weakness, emotional or disciplinary problems, sleeping habits. Your doctor will want to know if the child or anyone in her fam- ily has had any of these conditions: diabetes, seizures, kidney dis- eases, bed wetting. CAUSE WHAT IS IT YPICAL SYMPTOMS Psychological Stress or other emotional No “accidents” during the problems, such as day difficulty reacting to the birth of a new sibling or other changes, often in children whose families have histories of bed wetting Diabetes or These conditions can Excessive thirst, producing kidney disease damage the kidneys a large amount of urine, dribbling urine, or having difficulty or pain with urination Seizures Convulsions Seizures that occur prior to bed wetting Neurologic Abnormalities in the Bed wetting is associated disease nervous system with neurological prob- lems such as mental retardation Blackouts What it feels like: temporarily losing consciousness or vision, some- times preceded by feeling faint or giddy. What can make it worse: coughing, urination, head-turning, exer- tion, pain, a fright, food, hitting your head. Your Doctor Visit What your doctor will ask you about: seizures, changes in vision, changes in sensation or movement, urination and bowel movements, chest pain, hunger, sweating, dizziness when standing, head injuries. Your doctor will want to know if you or anyone in your family has had any of these conditions: seizures, neurologic disease, dia- betes, cardiovascular disease, lung disease. Your doctor will want to know what happened when you blacked out, including what position you were in, and whether anyone watched you black out. Your doctor will do a physical examination including the fol- lowing: blood pressure, pulse, listening to your heart with a stethoscope, testing your stool for blood, thorough neurological examination. If you also feel abdominal pain, refer to the chapter on that subject for more information. Your Doctor Visit What your doctor will ask you about: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, change in bowel habits, black stools, change in abdominal girth, greasy bowel movements, weight change, gas, belching, regur- gitation, anxiety, depression, relation of bloating to bowel move- ments, results of previous X-rays or ultrasound examinations. Your doctor will want to know if you or anyone in your family has had any of these conditions: abdominal surgery, ulcer disease, coli- tis, diverticulosis, alcoholism, liver disease, hiatus hernia, obesity, emotional problems. CAUSE WHAT IS IT YPICAL SYMPTOMS Aerophagia Swallowing air Bloating, belching, gas, chronic, worsened with certain foods Flatulence Passing gas Bloating, belching, gas, chronic, worsened with certain foods Digestion Includes the inability to Diarrhea caused by certain problems digest certain foods and foods, greasy bowel move- difficulty absorbing ments, weight loss nutrients from foods Gastrointestinal A disorder of the stomach Weight loss, abdominal problems (See or intestines pain, change in bowel chapter on habits, nausea, vomiting Abdominal Pain. For instance, beets can turn stool red, while iron pills and bismuth (Pepto-Bismol) can turn stool black. Your Doctor Visit What your doctor will ask you about: abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits or stool, mucus or pus in stool, pain with bowel move- ments, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, vomiting blood, bruising, weight loss, dizziness when standing, whether you have had a bari- um enema, proctoscope, or abdominal X-ray done in the past, and what they showed. Your doctor will want to know if you or anyone in your family has had any of these conditions: hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, coli- tis, peptic ulcers, bleeding tendency, alcoholism, colon polyps. Your doctor will do a physical examination including the fol- lowing: blood pressure, pulse, pushing on your abdomen, checking your rectum for hemorrhoids, testing your stool for blood, thorough skin examination. IN ADULTS CAUSE WHAT IS IT YPICAL SYMPTOMS Hemorrhoids/ Swollen blood vessels in Rectal pain, light bleeding anal fissure the anus or rectum (See chapter on (hemorrhoids) or tears in Anus Problems. Your Doctor Visit What your doctor will ask you about: enlargement, pain, dis- charge, lumps, change in skin color, excessive milk production, fever, chills, mammography, swelling or lumps in the armpit. Your doctor will want to know if you or anyone in your family has had any of these conditions: pregnancy, tuberculosis, nervous system disease, breast cancer, benign cystic disease, alcoholism, liver disease. Your doctor will do a physical examination including the fol- lowing: thorough breast exam, checking lymph nodes under your arms, and, in males, checking testes for size and firmness. BREAST PROBLEMS 27 WHAT CAN CAUSE BREAST PROBLEMS, AND WHAT IS TYPICAL FOR EACH CAUSE? BREAST ENLARGEMENT CAUSE WHAT IS IT YPICAL SYMPTOMS Puberty Period of becoming Enlargement of one or both sexually mature, or breasts, common and capable of reproducing normal in male and female adolescents Long-term use Use of spironolactone Breast enlargement in adult of certain (Aldactone), digoxin men medications (Lanoxin), diphenyl- hydantoin (Dilantin), cimetidine (Tagamet) Liver disease Includes hepatitis and Breast enlargement in adult cirrhosis (scarring of the men, jaundice (skin taking liver) on a yellowish appear- ance), alcoholism, small and soft testicles Testicular An abnormal growth of Breast enlargement in adult cancer cells in the testicles men, firm mass in the testicles LUMPS OR MASSES CAUSE WHAT IS IT YPICAL SYMPTOMS Cystic mastitis Fluid-filled sacs in the Lumps in the breast, usual- breast ly becoming painful before each menstrual period Cancer An abnormal growth of Family history of breast cells in the breast cancer, lump with an ill- defined border, sometimes with dimpling of the over- lying skin 28 BREAST PROBLEMS WHAT CAN CAUSE BREAST PROBLEMS, AND WHAT IS TYPICAL FOR EACH CAUSE? What can make it worse: dust, chest injury, lying down, exertion, breathing in a particular substance, prolonged inactivity, recent sur- gery, certain times of year, allergies, emotional stress. Your Doctor Visit What your doctor will ask you about: anxiety, confusion, light- headedness, lethargy, fever, chills, night sweats, blueness or numb- ness in lips or fingers, cough, coughing up sputum or blood, wheez- ing, noisy breathing, swelling, weight change, the influence of being upright on your ability to breathe, chest pain, ankle swelling, previ- ous chest X-rays, electrocardiograms, tests of lung function, allergy skin tests. Your doctor will want to know if you or anyone in your family has had any of these conditions: heart disease, high blood pres- sure, obesity, pneumonia, chest surgery, anemia, tuberculosis, AIDS, allergies to drugs, eczema, hay fever, lung failure, chronic lung dis- eases such as bronchitis, emphysema, or fibrosis. Your doctor will want to know if you smoke cigarettes and, if so, how many and for how long.

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Procedure: With the patient supine and the leg raised discount tadalis sx 20 mg fast delivery cough syrup causes erectile dysfunction, the examiner smoothes the distended veins buy tadalis sx 20mg low price impotent rage random encounter. The examiner then compresses the greater saphenous vein with a tourniquet distal to its junction with the femoral vein at the inguinal ligament and asks the patient to stand up. Evaluation: If the varices only fill up slowly or not at all within 30 seconds of the patient standing up but then fill rapidly from proximal once the tourniquet is loosened, this indicates valvular insuf• ciency of the saphenous vein with normal function of perforating veins. Relatively rapid filling from distal can occur as a result of insuf• cient perforating veins or anastomoses with an insuf• cient lesser saphenous vein. Rapid filling of the varices from both distal and proximal once the tourniquet is released indicates insuf• ciency of both the greater saphenous vein and the communication with the deeper venous system. Procedure: With the patient standing, the examiner applies a tourni- quet to the thigh or lower leg proximal to the filled varices. Incomplete emptying is observed where there is moderate valvular insuf• ciency of the communicating veins. Unchanged filling in the varices occurs with significant insuf• ciency of the perforating veins and impaired blood flow in the deep veins. An increase in filling suggests a severe post-thrombotic syndrome with reversed blood flow in the perforating veins. Note: The Schwartz test or the percussion method of Schwartz and Hackenbruch is used to assess valvular insuf• ciency in the region of the greater saphenous vein. With the patient standing, the examiner places one finger on the distended vein being examined and taps on the junction of the greater saphenous and femoral veins with one finger of the other hand. If this tapping is transmitted back to the first finger, the blood flow is continuous, indicating that the valves in the portion of the vein being examined are not intact. The test is not necessarily definitive, but it is good method for determining whether a superficial venous branch communicates with the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Buckup, Clinical Tests for the Musculoskeletal System © 2004 Thieme All rights reserved. Assessment: Pain occurring upon dorsiflexion of the foot with the knee extended and flexed indicates thrombosis. Calf pain with the knee extended can also be caused by intervertebral disk disease (radicular symptoms) or muscle contractures. Notably, nearly 90% of all cases of obliterative arteriosclerosis involve exclusively the lower extremities. Prior to treating the actual orthopedic disorder, the physician must take care to exclude or identify any possi- ble arterial ischemic disorders. After obtaining a detailed history, a diagnosis can usually be made on the basis of inspection, palpation, and specific function tests, and usually will not require the use of any diagnostic technology. Weakened or absent arterial pulse, cool and pale skin (or cyanotic skin), patches of erythema, and trophic disturbances are signs of occlu- sive arterial disease. Where typical symptoms of intermittent claudication (calf pain after walking short distances) are present, determining the max- imum distance the patient can walk without experiencing these symp- toms can help in estimating the severity of the disorder (Fontaine clas- sification of the severity of occlusive arterial disease). The differential diagnosis of intermittent claudication must include spinal claudication from compression of the cauda equina, the cardinal symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis. The intermittent claudication in cauda equina pathology is not a sharply defined clinical syndrome. Radicular symptoms such as paresthesia,pain, sensory deficits, and weakness can occur in one or both legs when the patient stands or walks. These symptoms may improve or disappear when the patient stops moving, as in the vascular form, but more often will do so only on certain body movements. The patient is asked to walk up and down a long corridor for up to three minutes at about 120 paces per minute. The time of occurrence of symptoms and the site of pain are clinically assessed, as are gait and any pauses. If the patient pauses after only 60 seconds, this suggests disruption of vascular supply to the muscles.

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It is usually unwise to begin TPN in a patient who requires large amounts of fluid tadalis sx 20 mg without prescription erectile dysfunction drugs reviews, may need resuscitation for trauma discount tadalis sx 20mg without prescription erectile dysfunction drugs class, or is septic. Placement of a deep line must be done aseptically, as outlined in Chapter 13, page 253. Infection (bacteremia, fungemia) arising from the catheter or the catheter–skin interface is the most common complication of TPN. SMA-7 and SMA-12; in particular check phosphate, glucose, and routine elec- trolytes (Na, K, Cl) d. Medications are generally not added to TPN solutions except insulin and H2 receptor blockers. Check urine for sugar and acetone every 6-8 h, house officer should be called if sugar is >2+ or acetone is present. Triglyceride trough level (obtained at least 6 h after infusion has stopped, prefer- ably prior to hanging next bottle of fat) once or twice weekly. Advance to the maximum rate based on the calculated daily caloric need (page 209). Begin the IV fat emulsion the next day, provided that the serum triglyceride levels are less than 400 mg/dL. Remember that glucose intolerance is the major adverse effect seen during the initial infusion period. Urine sugar and acetone 12 levels should be less than 2+, and serum glucose values less than 180–200 mg/dL. If the sugar level rises above these levels, insulin must be given to achieve the desired level of caloric intake. If glucose intolerance develops when using a 25% dextrose so- lution, consider decreasing the amount of calories from dextrose and increasing the calories from fat. Glucose intolerance arising once the patient has been stabilized may signify sepsis. ASSESSING TPN THERAPY Nitrogen balance is a good measure of the success of the TPN regimen because the goal is protein-sparing (see page 229). Serum albumin will not change appreciably during TPN therapy lasting less than 3 wk. In stressed patients, albumin often falls due to reduced production because the body shifts to increased production of acute-phase reactant proteins. If there are concerns about hypoglycemia, then a 10% dextrose solution can be administered after cessation of the TPN. Other considerations include providing energy needs at the BEE + 30% for initiation of TPN calories, limiting protein initially to 0. Ideally, blood sugar should be well controlled or at least not >200 when initiating TPN. Remember that no more than 50% of total intake should be from fat and not more than 3 g/kg/d. Insulin should be added to the solution initially at 5–10 units/bag in patients requiring >20 units of insulin daily. Geriatrics: Patients older than 75 years have a documented need for fewer calories. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: TPN can be initiated in these patients at approxi- mately 1. Note: Patients with fistulas lose nitrogen via this route and need additional protein. Liver Disease: Specialized formulas of amino acids that contain primarily branched- chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are available for use in cases of liver dis- ease. Theoretically, these products may improve arousal from hepatic encephalopathy by competing with the aromatic amino acids that are precursors for some centrally active amines. There is no definitive evidence that branched-chain formulas improve patient out- 12 come.

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Transportation hubs including subways, bus and train stations, airport terminals and ferry terminals use signage both for accurate wayfinding as well as to bring color and a system of organization to visitors passing through them. Busy commuters need to quickly be able to identify where to go and signage must be able to communicate both quickly, visibly and clearly. Similar to billboards, transportation hub signage must be able to deliver a message “at a glance” making not only signage design but also the appropriate placement of signage – critical.

Priority Graphic’s deep experience designing signage for transportation clients is well known in the Bay Area. Priority Graphics know how to work closely with contractors and construction firms to create signage plans which effectively capture visitor attention quickly and provide the exact information needed in that specific instant. For example, when a person arrives at an airport and exits the plane, visitors need to know what direction to head for the baggage claim area, and where the restrooms are and first-rate signs keep pedestrian traffic flowing at a brisk pace, ensuring that travelers are able to make their connections and reach their destination on time.

Case Studies


Respighi: Pines of Rome

Pini di Roma (Pines of Rome)

BORN: July 9, 1879. Bologna
DIED: April 18, 1936. Rome

COMPOSED: 1923-24

WORLD PREMIERE: December 14, 1924. Bernardino Molinari led the Augusteo Orchestra, in Rome

NORTH AMERICAN PREMIERE: January 1926. Arturo Toscanini conducted at a New York Philharmonic-Symphony concert

SFS PERFORMANCES: FIRST—October 1926. Alfred Hertz conducted. MOST RECENT—October 2012. Vasily Petrenko conducted

INSTRUMENTATION: 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes and English horn, 2 clarinets and bass clarinet, 2 bassoons and contrabassoon, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, small cymbal, triangle, tambourine, a ratchet, bass drum, tam-tam, bells, harp, celesta, recorded birdsong (a nightingale), piano, organ, and strings, plus offstage trumpet and 6 buccine (the buccina was an ancient Roman instrument of curved brass, limited to a few pitches of the overtone series, and used mostly for herding and for military signals; the buccine are replaced here by 2 flugelhorns doubling cornets, 4 Wagner tubas, 4 trumpets, and 2 trombones, playing in 2 antiphonal groups)

DURATION: About 23 mins

THE BACKSTORY  Though he was schooled in his native Bologna, Ottorino Respighi started his career in earnest as an orchestral viola player in Russia, where he had the opportunity to study with Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov, renowned as a master of orchestral color. Further work ensued in Berlin, with Max Bruch, before Respighi returned to Italy, where he would make his mark.

Respighi was appointed composition professor at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome, and when Alfredo Casella came on board as his colleague in 1915, bringing with him some of the radical ideas he had picked up during a recent residence in France, Respighi was swept up in a burst of modernist enthusiasm; but, he soon retreated to his essentially conservative stance. By 1932 we find him joining nine other conservative composers to sign a manifesto condemning the deleterious effect of music by such figures as Schoenberg and Stravinsky and encouraging a return to established Italian tradition. Respighi was by then very famous and very rich. Success had come his way through his hugely popular tone poem Fountains of Rome. He followed up with two further, vaguely related, tone poems—Pines of Rome (1923-24) and Roman Festivals (1928)—and these three works are not infrequently presented together as a “Roman Triptych.”

One of the traits that set Respighi apart as an individual voice was his fascination with the music of Italy’s distant past. Another distinctive Respighian hallmark surfaces in works such as his ballet Belkis, Queen of Sheba and certain pages of the “Roman Triptych”: his willingness to go what many would consider over the top in terms of orchestral sonority and color.

When the New York Philharmonic performed the American premiere of Pines of Rome in 1926, the composer (referring to himself in the third person) wrote to Lawrence Gilman, then the orchestra’s program annotator: “While in his preceding work, Fountains of Rome, the composer sought to reproduce by means of tone an impression of Nature, in Pines of Rome he uses Nature as a point of departure, in order to recall memories and vision. The centuries-old trees which so characteristically dominate the Roman landscape become witnesses to the principal events in Roman life.”

THE MUSIC  Respighi left extensive prose descriptions of his Pines of Rome:

The Pines of the Villa Borghese (Allegretto vivace)—Children are at play in the pine groves of the Villa Borghese, dancing the Italian equivalent of “Ring around a Rosy.” They mimic marching soldiers and battles. They twitter and shriek like swallows at evening, coming and going in swarms. Suddenly the scene changes.

The Pines Near a Catacomb (Lento)—We see the shadows of the pines, which overhang the entrance of a catacomb. From the depths rises a chant, which echoes solemnly, like a hymn, and is then mysteriously silenced.

The Pines of the Janiculum (Lento)—There is a thrill in the air. The full moon reveals the profile of the pines of Gianicolo’s Hill. A nightingale sings.

The Pines of the Appian Way (Tempo di Marcia)—Misty dawn on the Appian Way. The tragic country is guarded by solitary pines. Indistinctly, incessantly, the rhythm of unending steps. The poet has a fantastic vision of past glories. Trumpets blare, and the army of the Consul bursts forth in the grandeur of a newly risen sun toward the Sacred Way, mounting in triumph the Capitoline Hill.

Pines of Rome is famous for being one of the first pieces to include electronics in its orchestration. However subversive it seems in retrospect, this arrived in the most innocent fashion: through the composer’s instruction to play a recording of a nightingale at the end of the third movement (“The Pines of the Janiculum”). In the published score, Respighi suggested that the commercial recording issued by the Concert Record Gramophone Company as R6105 be used. To this day the publisher supplies that particular recording with the score, although the medium has changed through the years from the original 78-RPM record to LP, cassette, and compact disc. I cannot say whether it is true, as has been claimed, that Respighi himself recorded this immortal nightingale.

James M. Keller

James M. Keller is the Program Annotator of the San Francisco Symphony and of the New York Philharmonic. His book Chamber Music: A Listener’s Guide, published in 2011 by Oxford University Press, is now also available as an e-book and an Oxford paperback.

Edo de Waart conducting the San Francisco Symphony (Philips)  |   Fritz Reiner conducting the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (RCA Living Stereo)  |  Yan Pascal Tortelier conducting the Philharmonia Orchestra (Chandos)

ReadingRespighi, by Pierluigi Alvera (Elite)  |  Ottorino Respighi, by Elsa Respighi, the composer’s widow (Ricordi)

(May 2018)


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We will form a sacred circle of intention to:

Create a deep sense of sacredness and spirituality that permeates the community through our profound respect for our fellow citizens, community, earth, and ourselves.
Honor and savor the life we share.
Allow our true hearts to be fully present in the moment, to experience the magic of all the blessings we enjoy.
Cultivate an environment of uplifting positive energy together that nourishes our souls, while being supportive and awake to all the ways each of us experiences sacredness, whether it’s through ritual, silence, movement, connection, art, the earth, joy, ecstasy, or other ways.
Seek to develop an open and all inclusive language of sacredness that unites us, rather than separating us.


"The philosophy associated with producing the world's goods and services has changed dramatically in recent years. As multi-national corporation struggle to minimize coasts while maximizing effeminacy, there has been a signifact increase in the location of manufacture facilities and jobs in foreign lands. Many firms have found it more efficient and less costly to distribute products from a facility that is in close proximity to their customer base. Other have found it more cost-effective to produce their products in places where labor is cheaper, quality higher, and government policies more favorable for doing business. Therefore, it is no longer unusual in the realm of global production for a firm to have dozens of production facilities in many different countries." Page 109


Motivate yourself, you can be great.

Points of views that are expressed on Twitter don’t intend to offend, but rather defend and open the conversation up to everyone so that no one has to pretend.

Accept it as it is and be true to yourself, the real answer is in you. It is about saying no to whom and what no is due and saying yes to whom and what yes is due! A simple solution to most of the problems of mankind today is just Yes and No!


LAHORE – The federal government has announced to re-open furnace-based oil power plants to dampen the severe power crisis in Punjab and Balochistan.

According to a press release by the National Transmission and Distribution Company, the Chashma Nuclear Power plant units 1 through 4, which were forced to close due to tripping, have restarted producing electricity after necessary technical and security protocols.

The communique stated that the unprecedented severe dense smog was posing a serious challenge to the national transmission system and the Power Division, and the authorities are closely monitoring the situation.

‘Under the directions of Federal Government, the power sector has also closed all expensive furnace oil/ diesel run power plants of a cumulative capacity of 4250MW,’ the press release added.

It also sated that the patrolling of all high transmission lines had been increased by the power regulator.

According to a Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) spokesman, the power plant became non functional to a fault in the NTDC system instead of smog, however, a press release on Friday by the NTDC confirmed that the plant had tripped due to smog.


Tag: Commercial

Tussle over £10 million Giotto painting ends in stalemate

A £10-million Giotto painting of ‘exceptional cultural and historical importance’ was not lawfully exported from Italy to London, according to the High Court in a judicial review case that arose from a lengthy dispute over the rules on exporting European cultural treasures.

Was Barclays to blame for doctor’s alleged historic sexual assaults?

Plumber wins gig economy legal battle as Supreme Court wades in

Is there a duty to help your opponent in civil litigation?

2018 x 0.5 = 🎉

My review of what I’ve acheived in 2018 and what’s coming up over the next 6 months of legal training, education and practice.

Why the guy who delivered your gourmet burger is stuck on poverty wages 😥

Unlike other gig economy employers, Deliveroo does not currently have to pay National Minimum Wage, holiday pay or sick pay to its riders (or ‘Roos’). But that position may be set to change.

Tribunal rejects Addison Lee’s challenge to cycle-courier’s pay claim

A cycle-courier with Addison Lee who was found by a Tribunal to be entitled to basic employment rights has had his claim upheld by the Employment Appeal Tribunal, after it rejected the company’s arguments entirely.

Unfinished business: the Qatari commercial dispute that landed a Cayman Islands Judge in conflict

This international commercial dispute gave rise to allegations of ‘unconscious bias’ on the part of a Judge of the Cayman Islands Grand Court. The resulting decision highlights that the perception of judicial independence is crucial.


Britannia: The Creation of a Roman Province

Paperback / softback
This book completely re-evaluates the evidence for, and the interpretation of, the rule of the kings of Late Iron Age Britain: Cunobelin and Verica. Within a few generations of their reigns, after one died and the other had fled, Rome's ceremonial centres had been transformed into the magnificence of Roman towns with monumental public buildings and Britannia examines these kings' long-lasting legacy in the creation of Britannia. Among the topics considered are: the links between Iron Age king of Britain and Rome before the Claudian conquest the creation of the towns of Roman Britain the different natures of 'Roman identity' the long lasting influence of the kings on the development of the province the widely different ways that archaeologists have read the evidence. Examining the kings' legacy in the creation of the Roman province of Britannia, the book examines the interface of two worlds and how much each owed to the other.


Inpatient  Vicodin Rehab and Detox Treatment Centers in Tiverton Rhode Island

Residential  Vicodin Therapy Facilities in Tiverton RI

Recommended Residential Vicodin Treatment in Tiverton 02878

Treatment Programs >> Rhode Island >> Residential Recovery Facilities-Tiverton >> Inpatient Vicodin Rehab Detox Centers

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Pyschosis Untreated Exposed

pyschosis untreated

The New Fuss About Pyschosis Untreated

Psychosis is harmful in many instances due to its effect on conclusion and judgment. In rare situations, it can also occur as a complication of some types of medication or as a consequence of an overdose of that medication. On what the majority of people these days tend to think in, contrary, psychosis isn't a mental illness. Someone experiencing brief reactive psychosis will normally recover to some weeks in a few days, based on the origin of this stress.

Psychosis will require referral but there are a few investigations which can be undertaken at the tradition. It might be possible to recuperate without treatment from psychosis but that's the exception instead of the norm. Psychosis is the most severe sort of postpartum psychiatric illness.

Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Pyschosis Untreated Is Wrong

Its not now feasible to precisely identify who's very likely to think of psychosis. It will help to learn as much as possible about psychosis. Psychosis is more prevalent in adults. It doesn't have many medical complications. People with psychosis have a deficiency of insight. The thing is that all organic psychosis cannot be cured.

Top Pyschosis Untreated Secrets

Psychosis interferes with the capability to work and can be debilitating. It's been traditionally linked to the neurotransmitter dopamine. Typically, untreated psychosis will get worse. In actuality, if it were neurotoxic, we wouldn't expect to see a plateauing of deterioration.

Due to they could be unaware that they're unwilling or unwell to look for treatment. This is uncommon as emerging from the blue though most people consider psychosis. Puerperal psychosis is regarded as a psychiatric crisis that typically requires therapy.

There are rather a lot of causes of psychosis. The problem in our society for men and women who get diagnosed with any form of psychosis, is that they are met by professionals which do not even feel that healing can happen, let alone transformative growth. Cycloid psychosis occurs in folks of typically 1550 decades old.

Psychotic disorders can be challenging. Though there are plenty of varieties of psychotic disorders, the one which typically springs to mind is schizophrenia. You might say that my bipolar disorder writing career began with a hallucination!

Pyschosis Untreated Can Be Fun for Everyone

In the example of psychosis, symptoms are considered to be caused by way of an excess of both blood and yellow bile. These symptoms typically peak on the day and may persist for a couple of hours or a couple of days remitting within fourteen days of delivery. While they are unpredictable and unsettling, they don't interfere with a ability to function. They comprise thinking someone is attempting to harm them. Exactly the same as with early signs of medical illness, if early signs of health problems are left untreated, they're more likely to get worse.

Facts, Fiction and Pyschosis Untreated

Treatment generally contains medication, and chronic conditions like schizophrenia may call for treatment with antipsychotics. In virtually all cases, it is essential. Inpatient treatment gives the chance for close monitoring, which can help further establish the diagnosis that is ideal.

Prescription Painkillers | Cocaine


Payments - Why Isn't My Balance Fully Available

Tags: Payments

There can be a few different reasons why an account balance isn't fully available for withdrawal. Below are several reasons, as well as some extra info about each reason:

One or more payments haven't fully processed

Pending payments are payments that are subject to minor delays from reviews. Payments are reviewed to protect merchants and payers from any malicious activity and ensure they are compliant with the WePay Terms of Service.

It can take up to two business days for us to review a pending payment. Bank payments can take longer to clear because the payer must first verify their bank account information.

Payments may clear faster if the information that we ask for is provided in the Trust Center.

The account holder needs to link their bank account

A bank account must be linked in order to receive funds from Infusionsoft Payments. Visit the payment types page in your Infusionsoft application and click the ‘connect your bank account’ link to complete the process. Learn more

There are reserves on the account

Reserves are sometimes held to protect your business against chargebacks or disputes. We set your reserves based on the transaction history in your account as well as the information you provide in your profile, your industry, and how you’re using Infusionsoft Payments.


Holding and Made up of - Winnicott (1960)

Keywords: psychoanalytic, holding and containing, winnicott

Holding and containing. The same or different?

The psychoanalytic terms "holding" and "containing" originate, from the writings of two visible psychoanalysts: 'Positioning' in the documents of Winnicott (1960); 'filled with' in the papers of Bion (1962). The current target in psychoanalysis of psychological nurture and exchange alternatively than one of hedonic satisfaction, is generally as consequence of Winnicott's writings and observations. Both conditions are now area of the core vocabulary of most therapists, and many other helping occupations.

Winnicott's school of thought of normal development highlights the holding milieu wanted to the child in the initial stage of life. Object connection theory identifies the theory that the self-ego lives in accordance with other objects, which may be outdoors or inside the psyche. Inside objects refer to internalized adaptations of external objects, developed from early exchanges with parents. The theory of possessing includes both physical and psychological features and promotes the infant's ego-incorporation, his aptitude for subject relating, and eventually his capacity for object consumption.

Winnicott details the holding environment as a developmental stage where the child and mom are one entity, up to now undifferentiated in the infant's consciousness. His writings about them emphasized empathy, thoughts and love between your caregiver and baby. The core purpose of "holding" is to permit the kid to be completely unconscious of his requirement of a separate individual

"It really is axiomatic in these things of maternal treatment of the possessing variety that whenever things go well the infant has no method of knowing what's being properly provided and what is being avoided. " (Winnicott, 1960, p. 52)

Winnicott (1953) conceptualized the psychic space between your mother and her child, explaining it as neither wholly internal nor physical

"It is in the area between internal and outside world, which is also the space between people--the transitional space--that intimate relationships and creativity occur. "

This he termed the "holding environment". The having environment helps the child's transition to autonomy. Failing on the Mother's part to provide an adequate holding environment ends in a "false self applied disorder", corresponding to Winnicott. Winnicott's theory of "false personal disorders" is strikingly very much like descriptions of the schizoid personality by Laing in "The Divided Self applied" (1960), whereby the individual's personality is characterized by a complete insufficient harmony, resulting in a distant attitude, psychological coldness and idiosyncratic autism

Winnicott argues one of the primary purposes of the therapist is to give a "keeping environment" for your client, to ensure that the client may begin to identify and meet recently neglected ego needs and help in the introduction of the true self.

Containment is comparable yet fundamentally different to having. Bion's theory of comprising originates from the idea that the infant tasks into its mother feelings that are upsetting, fearsome, unpleasant or in some other fashion, intolerable. The mother in turn seems the feelings herself, and is able not to react to it, but instead to own it and give the kid back the sensation in an adapted and included form to the newborn, so the child can repossess it and reintegrate the sentiment as its own.

Containment is vital in a therapeutic context as a means of providing a safe place for your client to check out feelings that usually are likely to be experienced as overpowering and bewildering. The need for this in the healing up process cannot be under-estimated. Individuals who've experienced extreme pain, fear, desertion and anger will often find it hard to think; they may find it particularly difficult to think about their thoughts, which can remain completely exempt from awareness, and therefore unavailable for reflection.

When such thoughts due enter consciousness they actually so with such marvelous electricity that thought becomes unbearable. Hence, behaviour demonstrated by the individual's children, or discord with associates, which is perhaps irritating or creates thoughts of discomfort, can provoke uncontrollable fury and distress. In interactions with therapists, clients will project at least many of these difficult feelings, specially the ones least available to consciousness and most unbearable. Hence the therapist will experience in some way, the emotions their consumer is most struggling to feel, verbalise and comtemplate. If the therapist can be familiar with such feelings, and discover a way of starting to put them into words, then the process of the client reclaiming these thoughts, thinking about them and integrating them into their sense of self, begins.

In Bion's view, the infant itself is not included - the Mother manages the difficult sentiment projected into her and earnings it in a more manageable talk about to the child. Because of this the infant is likely to develop an overall sense of wellbeing, and containment as a consequence of a wealth of similar experience of having a distressing emotion comprised and returned. Bion focused his writings on the technique by which the infant copes with fury and irritation. He argued that through the mother's potential to contain those projected feelings, the infant can grow the capability to believe, to contain its emotions also to use them as a source of reflection. Thus containment will not involve giving an answer to a client's portrayed needs. It generally does not entail alleviating their anxiety via the provision of help or comfort. Nor will containment require the provision of medical help, money, or advice. Containment consists of a discourse which appears to find appearance for previously unspeakable thoughts and experiences because they are projected into the psychotherapist.

Let us consider a good example from psychoanalytic practice. A 33-year-old mentally handicapped man attended every day a sheltered workshop where he employed in menial and demoralizing jobs. He eventually looked for treatment from a therapist, who thought that the client possessed a mental capacity capable of higher-grade work. Within the therapy sessions the client would sometimes utter, " I am 33 yrs. old and is also that nothing?" and a minute later, " Can't you give me an image of who I am?" After awareness, the analyst responded by saying

"The actual fact that you feel they have been thirty-three years of emptiness, waste materials and nothingness is so painful that it is easier to have people's picture of you than to face this ghastly nothingness. "

The customer responded

"Well, if you will not give me an image what do I come here for?"

This prompted the therapist to stand, place himself next to the client him and say

"It is like this. There before us is thirty-three years of waste, nothing at all and emptiness. It is like relaxing in a train and opposite rests a man with a wounded and diseased face which is so horrific you need to hold pictures up before you since it is more than you can keep. But the reason you come to see me is the fact that perhaps there is just a possibility that if you have me beside you then you can try it. "

Until this aspect the client have been unable to deal with his painful emotions relating to thirty-three years of "waste, little or nothing and emptiness. " The occurrence is also reminisant of a mother's working with a distraught child in manner that allows the probable of the stress eventually being performed and managed in the infant's own brain. Here the therapist seeks to demonstrate to your client that these feelings are manageable if they feel the therapist and echo upon them jointly.

The ideas of keeping and containing your client are a strong theme in psychodynamic guidance, following the revolutionary input of Winnicott, Bion, and Klein. Winnicott wrote extensively about the mother positioning her baby, which he interpreted into the client-counselor marriage. Bion, however, considered the issue of containment, and looked at how Moms keep their baby safe from it's intolerable thoughts. Following that, the concept of the therapist as a box of the client's most unbearable thoughts became popular.

Containment and positioning are inextricably connected as to be able to contain difficult emotions and then give back them to the client in a manageable fashion, the emotions must be "presented" by the therapist - s/he supports the pain, anguish, confusion and displays to the client these feelings are actually tolerable after all. Containment may be referred to as the power of a person to "stick with" the hurting of another being, whilst psychologically and emotionally having the anguish in a way that allows the emotion to be survived by the bearer. Casement (1985) explained the main element dynamics of containment and uses the conditions containment and retaining interchangeably:

". . . a kind of holding, such as a mother provides to her distressed child. There are various ways that one adult can offer to some other this positioning (or containment). And it can be crucial for a patient to be thus kept in order to recuperate, or to discover maybe for the very first time, a convenience of handling life and life's problems without extended avoidance or suppression. " (pg. 42)

Both containment and having focus on the emotional development of the infant. The existing fashion for cognitive analysis detects little attention here. Bion's theory emphasises the emotional aspect containment by mention of the mother's containing of the child's projections of uneasy feelings. She emotionally digests them, makes sense of them, and via her understanding, empathetic response she allows the newborn to truly have a meaningful mental experience and minimize it's distress. Winnicott's notion of holding also targets the emotional areas of this developmental process as he describes the mother's total attunement to her child is situated after her empathy with the child; this encompasses the holding purpose and allows the infant's ego to assimilate and his instincts to be fulfilled (Winnicott, 1960).

Both terms, containment and holding, place similar focus on the experience of bereavement, parting, abandonment as the primary stimulator of learning and cognitive expansion. Winnicott ( 1958) will note, not simply the disillusionment and pain area of the equation, but that there needs to be a balance between the two in order for healthy development that occurs. Similarly, Klein (1937) positioned some focus on balance as opposed to just the negative experience. She regularly wrote that the introjection of the nice breast was a simple for future development. Generally however, both theorists consider the knowledge of uncomfortable thoughts to be all-powerful and the need to control them basic and vital. Similarly, Bion strains the effects of harmful encounters in Learning from Experience (1962).

'The hyperlink between intolerance of disappointment and the introduction of thought is central to an understanding of thought and its own disruption' -- what counts is the decision the personality made between methods made to evade frustration and those designed to improve it. ' (pg 102)

Bion (1962) also layed out identified a function of the mind which that allows thoughts to be considered - alpha function. He argued that thoughts come before thinking, and suggests that

'thinking is something compelled on an equipment, not fitted to the purpose, by the requirements of reality, and it is modern day with, as Freud said, the reality principle. . . . The apparatus has to undergo adaptation to the new jobs involved in get together the demands of actuality by developing a convenience of thought. ' (pg. 57)

Bion (1962) did not consider the idea that the alpha function may also work on the foundation of contentment, joy, and other experiences positive, enjoyable experiences. Equally, he didn't suggest that the mother's containment of thoughts may also work after on activities of pleasure. Winnicott, however, makes reference to the mother holding the baby through bout of exhilaration. But neither writer seemed to consider the mother's capability to offer inspiring or exciting activities as a facilitator to intellectual and psychological growth.

Melanie Klein organised with Freud's hedonic viewpoint, looking at the infant's incessant explorations as targeted at seeking pleasure. Klein argued the infant's psychic dilemma was acted out inside its own subjective space, with statistics that were the demonic projections of its undeveloped sense of fact. Matching to Klein, the definite environment and its own individuals were of no interest to the newborn. Here marks a crucial distinction between positioning and containing; in Winnicott's positioning theory, although the kid is unaware of its interdependence, the child is wholly reliant on Mother for retaining of difficult emotions. The infant does not project difficult emotions into its subjective space; instead in having theory, the psychic space is shared by the Mother and toddler, as a one product.

Winnicott absorbed much from Klein, and in many ways their ideas are similar. Crucially, however, Winnicott (1975) argued that the infant searches for intricate forms of relationship and reciprocity, and not simply its own pleasure, as assumed by Klein. Winnicott presented that the infant's development can't be understood without considering its real environment, the items, responsive or non-responsiveness the newborn experience, that then either create a "facilitating environment" for mental growth, or otherwise cause the personal to bury itself, its place considered by an inflexible, computerized substitute (the incorrect do it yourself). Thus, Winnicott once said, "there is absolutely no such thing as an infant" alone: we live always coping with a "nursing few. " Winnicott's theoretical writings emphasized empathy, creativity, and, in the words of philosopher Nussbaum, who's an advocate of his theories, "the highly particular deals that constitute love between two imperfect people. "

Some of the differences have been reconciled in the task of John Bowlby (1979). His attachment theory makes an attempt integration of the cognitive and affective, the inner and outward appearance of human social relations. Bowlby and other attachment theorists (such as Mary Ainsworth) showed early habits of attachment have a tendency to be enduring and enhance the representational models, or 'interior world maps', of the personal with regards to the principal caregiver - they become ingrained or internalized. Bowlby argued that the 'secure platform' provided by the Mom in attachment tests, mirrors what sort of therapist also offers the individual in his inner explorations. That is similar to Bion's "containment" and Winnicott's "holding", regarding to Bowlby (1979) and amalgamates both concepts.

In response to the initial question, we should think about what is the purpose of such a variation? Many well-known psychoanalytic theorists and expert psychotherapists advocate dealing with clients in a fashion devoid from intellectual quarrels and preset theoretical leanings, to be able to promote a greater naturalness, aliveness, and sense of reality in therapeutic trainings (Belger). Debatably, this is absolutely only practical once a short level of training and practice has been completed whereby theory has been used and internalized to such a level that the analyst's own subjectivity as an analyst has improved. Hence the importance of understanding the theories of containment and having are central to a budding psychotherapist. However, both concepts used try to produce the same result, one of manageable, managed emotions that not overwhelm your client. Holding and containing are not things therapists do to clients. Somewhat, they constitute a collaborative procedure for development, which occurs only through the contact and discussion therapists have using their clients.

Belger, A, W. (date unknown) Using Winnicott to explore the beginning psychotherapist's romance to theory. Acesssed online 22 February 2006. http://www. fortda. org/fall_02/page7. htm

Bion, W. (1962). Learning From Experience. London: Karnac Literature.

Bowlby, J. (1979). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. London:. Tavistock

Casement, P. (1985) On Learning from the Patient, London: Tavistock

Klein, M. (1937). Love, guilt and reparation. WITHIN THE Writings of Melanie

Klein. Vol. 1. London: Hogarth Press / Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1975,

pp. 306-343.

Klein, M. (1975). The Writing sof Melanie Klein, Vols I-IV (ed R. Money-Kyrle). London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.

Laing, R. D. (1960) The Divided Self: An Existential Research in Sanity and Madness. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Winnicott, D. (1953). Transitional things and transitional phenomena, Int. J. Psychoanal. , 34:89-97.

Winnicott, D. W. (1958). Collected Papers. Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis, London: Tavistock Publications

Winnicott, D. (1960). The theory of the parent-child marriage, Int. J. Psychoanal. , 41:585-595.

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Ice damming in Bowmanville

5 Common Ice Damming Myths

Myth: Ice dams need to be thick to cause a problem

Fact: How thick the ice dam needs to be in order to cause a problem is related to the steepness of the roof. The steeper the roof, the thicker the ice dam needs to be in order to cause damage. Low-pitched roofs are at risk from even thin ice dams.

Myth: You’ll immediately know if you have an ice dam problem

Fact: The water infiltration that ice dams can cause isn’t always immediately recognizable. Often times, water gets trapped in wall and ceiling cavities and/or caught behind a vapour barrier. The damage is still occurring, it’s simply hidden beneath the surface.

Myth: Ice dams are a problem caused by gutters

Fact: Gutters are not the culprit or even a factor. Ice dams can just as easily occur on roofs that don’t have gutters as they can on roofs that do have them.

Myth: Vast amounts of insulation are the best defence against ice dams

Fact: The old adage of quality not quantity holds true when it comes to insulation. However, quality includes not just the type of insulation used, but also the method of installation. Proper installation will allow for adequate ventilation. An over-abundance of insulation can result in poor airflow and therefore uneven heat distribution on your roof.

Myth: You can always see ice dams from the ground

Fact: Most—but not all—ice dams occur near the edges of roofs where they’re easy to spot. Those that don’t form near the overhang or eaves can be difficult to see from the ground as they tend to hide near skylights or dormers.

Durham’s Solution to Ice Damming

Achieving a consistent temperature across the entire surface of your roof is the best way to prevent ice damming in Bowmanville homes. At Durham Insulation, we can help by assessing the insulation in your attic and sealing any gaps. Contact us to today with any questions or to schedule a consultation.


Birds - Govind Photography
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Shadow of the Spirit

A raven flying out of its nest on a cliff in the southern Utah. In the desert southwest, ravens are a common species and build their nest out of reach of ground predators. The birds and its shadow stood out against the wonderful red rocks providing a contrast of both scales and colors.


Slaying Your Inner Critic

How many times have I heard people say, “I don’t think I can do that,” or “I hope I’m smart enough to succeed,” or “I just don’t have enough time.”

Sound familiar? Self-talk, especially negative self-talk, prevents a lot of capable people from ever realizing their potential. As Henry Ford said, “Whether you think you can or you think you can’t, you’re right.”

So how can you slay your inner critic; make that voice in your head stop saying negative things and just ask the question, “How can I succeed or achieve my goal if there really are some difficulties to overcome?” “How can I use my wisdom to balance the obstacles with the benefits of achieving success?”

One way is to turn your inner critic into an advisor

One way is to turn your inner critic into an advisor. Acknowledge that there are challenges. “Yes, it’s true that it will be hard work,” or “it is a difficult task,” but “I’ve been able to do things like this in the past, I can do it again,” or “I really understand what needs to be done and if I stay calm and get prepared, I can do this task.” Maybe it’s just that you want more time to relax but an opportunity arises that would help a lot of people and benefit you and you just don’t know what to do.

It’s all in how you think about it. Yes it’s true that the task is difficult but it’s also true that there are many advantages to taking it on. Don’t steal time from one part of your life for another; share time. It’s like conflict resolution except you are creating a good relationship with yourself. There isn’t a right and wrong; both sides are true and now you need to accept that and find a balance.

As Einstein said, “You can’t solve a problem with the same thinking that creates it.” Turn your inner critic into an advisor.


Transgenic crops are rapidly growing in the developing world but some developing countries rising them in significant quantities. Transgenic crops offer immense benefits in terms of increased yield, better quality and enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. But, many biosafety concerns and public issues stay connected. It is essential for systematic investigation about the fate of transgenic crops in the environment and their contact with wild relatives and non-target organisms. The development and release of transgenic crops must be based on sound scientific reasoning and experience. The regulatory requirement for production of transgenic crops must be reorganized and consistent to obtain sustainable food production, poverty reduction and environmental protection.

The genetically engineered crops have various biosafety concerns and potential risks related to human health, and environment.

Spreading of GMO in the environment

The risks include genetic contamination of other crops, transfer of toxin/allergen from one life to another and evolution of new toxins/allergens and impact on soil fertility. Also, inappropriate release of dangerous chemicals or pathogens used in the experiment may be a threat.

Horizontal and vertical gene transfer

Vertical gene transfers or outcrossing is the transgenes transfer from GM crops to other related weeds or crops. This transgene transfer to other related species entirely depends on the GM crops. In Europe, there are no indigenous related weeds of maize and potato that receive transgenes through pollens. But, oilseeds have various related species.

The outcrossing depends upon various factors like climatic conditions, pollens viability, agriculture practices, and outcrossing partner’s availability. In horizontal gene transfer, the transfer occurs from GM crops to microorganisms.

Microorganisms especially bacteria have the ability to take up DNA from other organisms or from the environment and to integrate the DNA into their genome. In case of Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the gene can escape into the environment without any control.

interesting:  Mobile banking poses operational risks: SBP

Potential effect of transgenic crops on human health

The food that derived from genetically modified crops may have negative effects on human health. They must be tested for allergenicity, toxic effects, and unfavorable changes in nutrient composition. Unintended or unexpected changes in nutrient composition can result from plant breeding method.

Potential trait specific environmental effects

The traits that mainly related to transgenic crops are herbicide tolerance and insect, pest resistance. The herbicide tolerance genes provide tolerance to different herbicides such as glufosinate (BASTA) or glyphosate (Round-Up). These are environment friendly than other herbicides and cause less pollution of groundwater and soil.

The possibility of a later application during cultivation could lead to a better soil coverage with weeds and less erosion. On the other hand, the permanent application of herbicides may reduce the weeds biodiversity and related animals considerably.

The insect resistant GM crops express the BT toxin. The BT producing weeds resulted due to outcrossing of BT crops that is a negative effect. This lead to the death of Monarch butterfly.

In case of the negative effect of GM crops on soil fertility, the main concern is about the seepage of different compounds (as many plant leak chemical compounds in the soil through their roots) than the normal crops; as an unintended consequence of their altered DNA. It is assumed that in that scenario, this harmful chemical can disturb the growth of micro-organism communities living near the transgenic plant.

interesting:  Experts for research in geosciences to cut risks

The BT toxin that exuded into the soil via plant roots, may interact with the soil organism and cause a negative effect on the soil ecosystem. The development of resistance in pest against the toxin is an important issue. So refuge crop strategy may be used, where non-BT plants are grown to delay the development of resistance.

Risks related to antibiotic-resistant gene

Antibiotic-resistance genes are selectable markers of  plant transformation  . The  result in the formation of antibiotic-resistant human pathogens. Using this this marker gene will  result in the formation of antibiotic-resistant human pathogens transferring it to the environment .

However, the mechanism of transfer of the genes from GM crop to bacteria are itself open to discussion and it has not been experimentally shown. Apart from this, the antibiotics that normally used in the growth of transgenic crops are not the ones which are regularly used in the treatment of human diseases.

In spite of the suspicious status of any harm confer by this marker gene, plant biotechnologists are now using techniques to produce ‘marker-free plants’. ‘Clean gene technology’ is also refer as ‘marker-free plants’.

Ethical concerns

Numerous ethical issues related with Horizontal gene transfer from GMOs have been elevated including supposed threats to the veracity and intrinsic significance of the organisms included, to the idea of natural order and integrity of species, and to the integrity of the ecosystems in which the GMOs occurs (Gene technology ethics committee, 2006).

Ways to manage risks

Regulatory consents for field measures of GMOs frequently require trials to limit and switch the release in space and time.

interesting:  Biosafety protocols can implicate vivacious impact on NBSAP: Speakers

A horizontal gene transfer produces new GMO   due to   the presented gene(s) of  additional species .

 Unique license or permit not organised by the management processes of this new GMO will rise to adversarial effects . The avoiding transgenic crops contamination , through these:

  • Establishment of male sterility to overcome the problem of pollen outcross
  • Use of tissue-specific or inducible promoter to stop adverse effects on the growth and development of the plant and environment
  • Use of chloroplast by maternally inherited to overcome the pollen-mediated gene flow
  • Developing plant good manufacturing practices and waste product disposal approach
  • Use of markerless or clean gene technology
  • Use of refuge crop strategy

We concluded that interaction of its ecological function and natural history with the agroecosystem and ecosystems creates a specific impact on GM crop.

The benefits of some GM crops in the agricultural systems appears to balance their relatively low risk, but others seem more dangerous.

Furthermore, this debate should check the intention that GM crops are the best mean of agricultural strengthening compared to other agricultural technologies. CharaghArticlesBiosafety,concerns,crops,related,risks,transgenicTransgenic crops are rapidly growing in the developing world but some developing countries rising them in significant quantities. Transgenic crops offer immense benefits in terms of increased yield, better quality and enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. But, many biosafety concerns and public issues stay connected. It is...Pakistan's Only Newspaper on Science and Technology


12 Things You Should Look For In a Potential Mate

Commitment should be a highly valued proposition for anyone you want to make part of your world. While committing to someone could be cool, what of the other person’s commitment to you. How do you know it will work with this person and he/she will be the ideal mate or partner for you? Your decision should be based on certain signs you see now, not later. Here are 12 things you should look for in a potential mate.

Are they responsible?

Do they hold down a job or not? When assigned a task or a role, can they live up to the demands it requires? Can they show responsibility not only for their income, but also for their well-being and personal goals?

Are they trustworthy?

Are they people you can rely on? Can they be highly dependable? When pushed to the wall, how do they react? Trust can be the foundation of any relationship. The other person should be able to deal with you openly and honestly.

Are they positive?

When faced with dilemmas and objectives, what do they see? The hole or the doughnut? To help you navigate troublesome times and the roughs, you need and deserve a partner who sees the bright side of life.

Are they open?

Openness means adaptability and flexibility. Being open shows the other person is willing to resolve disputes and express their feelings. Your partner should be accommodating and tolerant.

Are they discerning?

Yes, being discerning means your partner understands. They are not overly critical and do not take every situation too seriously. If your partner is discerning they wouldn’t expect perfection from you, but will be willing to lend support to make the relationship a success.

Are they respectful?

Are they respectful to life, property and to other people? If they cannot respect in this three regards, they certainly are not good for you. Respect is fundamental to the success of any relationship.

Are they compassionate?

Are they willing to show compassion and contribute some good to their environment? You need someone who is willing to share and act positively to the world around them.

Are they humble?

This is the opposite of ego. Humility is a sign of leadership. Too much of it though, can be irritating. And too little of it can be dominating. Find a partner who can be humble in a balanced dose.

Are they patient?

Anything good takes time to flower? Any partner who is in a haste to get things done does not deserve you. Nothing wonderful or great happens overnight. Your partner should not be impatient but also consistent and practical.

Are they humorous?

Do they make you laugh? You may not consider this quality seriously, but you do need a partner who sees the smiles in the frowns. You need someone who knows how to make you laugh and be happy. You deserve someone who is quick to laughter and slow to anger.

Are they resolute?

Are they fickle or do their yes mean yes? You need someone who is stable and is ready to go all the way. When faced with decisions, they should be ready to mean what they say rather than being blown by the wind of indecision.

Are they passionate?

Passion is essential to your success in anything, whether it is sports, love or entertainment. You deserve someone who is fired up and is excited about doing something that will drive impact and value. When you have a passionate person around you, it means you have someone who is willing to make something out of nothing and bring joy and energy when everything around them is gloom and low.


Mumbai to Manmad distance, location, road map and direction

Mumbai is located in India at the longitude of 72.88 and latitude of 19.08. Manmad is located in India at the longitude of 74.44 and latitude of 20.25 .

Distance between Mumbai and Manmad

The total straight line distance between Mumbai and Manmad is 209 KM (kilometers) and 200 meters. The miles based distance from Mumbai to Manmad is 130 miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Mumbai and Manmad may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road .

The driving distance or the travel distance between Mumbai to Manmad is 252 KM and 867 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 157.1 miles.

Time Difference between Mumbai and Manmad

The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Mumbai and Manmad is 0 hours , 6 minutes and 14 seconds. Note: Mumbai and Manmad time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time , local time etc.

Mumbai To Manmad travel time

Mumbai is located around 209 KM away from Manmad so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Manmad in 5 hours and 2 minutes. Your Manmad travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.

Mumbai to Manmad Bus

Bus timings from Mumbai to Manmad is around 5 hours and 2 minutes when your bus maintains an average speed of sixty kilometer per hour over the course of your journey. The estimated travel time from Mumbai to Manmad by bus may vary or it will take more time than the above mentioned time due to the road condition and different travel route. Travel time has been calculated based on crow fly distance so there may not be any road or bus connectivity also.

Bus fare from Mumbai to Manmad

may be around Rs.190.

Midway point between Mumbai To Manmad

Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Mumbai and Manmad is situated at the latitude of 19.665304237881 and the longitude of 73.654264313175. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.

Mumbai To Manmad road map

Manmad is located nearly North East side to Mumbai. The bearing degree from Mumbai To Manmad is 51 ° degree. The given North East direction from Mumbai is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Manmad . In the travel map towards Manmad you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.

Mumbai To Manmad driving direction

The following diriving direction guides you to reach Manmad from Mumbai. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.

Travel Distance from Mumbai

The onward journey distance may vary from downward distance due to one way traffic road. This website gives the travel information and distance for all the cities in the globe. For example if you have any queries like what is the distance between Mumbai and Manmad ? and How far is Mumbai from Manmad?. Driving distance between Mumbai and Manmad. Mumbai to Manmad distance by road. Distance between Mumbai and Manmad is 222 KM / 138.1 miles. distance between Mumbai and Manmad by road. It will answer those queires aslo. Some popular travel routes and their links are given here :-

Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Mumbai and Manmad.

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Compete with Yourself

compete-with-yourselfIn a society that is constantly competing with each other, knowing that your only competition is yourself can be a real blessing. Each person is different in their approach to life, and following their footpath might not give you the same results as it gave to them. In such circumstances, you are your only competition. You can only strive to be better.

Be Better than Yesterday

Try to do something different everyday that makes you feel you are growing in some ways. It could be anything, it is up to you for deciding.

Take Small Steps

Do not try to take a big jump because if you fall, it might hurt real bad. Take baby steps towards your dream, everyday.

Always review your days and action. Measure how each day you are progressing towards being a better version of yourself. Introspection is the single most skill you need to develop in order to achieve that striving personality. Moreover, regular intervals of introspection is really good for your mind, body, and soul.

Weigh your Expectations

Do not set unrealistic expectations at any cost, because if you are unable to fulfill them, you are only going to have yourself disappointed. Instead, know your capabilities and potentials, and yes of course, definitely work on expanding your horizon as broad as possible. Remember that learning is a never ending skill because there is something new to learn everyday.

Reward Yourself

In the end, there is no joy in being anything if you do not indulge in the art of rewarding. Rewarding yourself regularly for every tiny achievement is necessary to keep your motivation running at a full speed. Embrace your flaws and don’t be hard on yourself for being flawed because our flaws are what make us a human being in a real sense.


Oriana's Kingdom

Oriana is the magical and technologically-advanced world in another dimension different from Earth. It is the main setting of Felix the Cat: The Movie. This magnificent planet which is filled with strange forest (such as the Hair Forest), amazing countries (such as both the wondrous Kingdom of Oriana and the perilous Land of Zill) and vast landscapes and strange creatures (such as the vicious Head-Hunters), inhabited by its 2 main races, the human-like Orianians and the animal-like Zillians.


Why Co-ops?

Inequality and a lack of economic mobility define today’s economy, putting the American Dream out of reach for the vast majority of low-wage workers. This is particularly true for the many immigrants employed in the U.S. service sector, who, despite their determination and tenacity, often struggle to make ends meet. Some of the hardest hit are the women and mothers striving to not only earn a livelihood, but also to support their families and ensure a quality education and bright future for their children. These hard-working immigrant women are undervalued and often invisible, yet they are a powerful force that helps sustain our economy. They are innovative and resilient, but their tremendous potential too often goes untapped.

At Prospera, we believe that our economy is ready for an extraordinary change, and we can start by building businesses that empower workers. We partner with low-income Latina immigrants to build co-ops. Worker co-ops are local, democratically run businesses, owned by their members. Because every member of a worker co-op controls the business democratically, worker-owners are able to review the company’s budget, share profits, set their own policies, and determine the benefits provided. This often translates to asset-building opportunities and benefit packages that are well above industry standards.

Co-ops provide so much more than a job. They provide the opportunity for aspiring, determined entrepreneurs in low-income communities to overcome barriers to family economic success. Co-ops offer opportunities for ongoing education and skill development, enabling workers to build brighter futures for their families. With increased control over their work-schedules, members of co-ops can better organize their lives around family needs. Co-ops also keep money and jobs local, and empower community members to build a more just and equitable local economy. Especially in immigrant communities that face discrimination in the workplace, obstacles to acquiring capital, and the struggle of assimilating to a new culture, co-ops offer a fitting solution. They allow individuals to empower themselves as dignified workers and leaders, investing in their own futures and those of their families.

The worker-owners of Prospera co-ops double and triple their incomes, build financial assets that are 22 times their initial investments, and become financially savvy business owners through skills training and work experience. Their personal and professional growth fuels social transformation: we have seen these women send their children to college, leave unstable jobs, and escape domestic violence situations. The collective ownership structure also fosters remarkable leadership development, empowering the worker-owners to spur local economies. Worker-owned co-ops create waves of empowerment that begin with groups of entrepreneurs and move to transform entire communities.

Prospera, and the women we have partnered with, owe these accomplishments to our supporters. Co-op development is high impact, and also high resource. The results we have had would not be possible without the investment of our many supporters, partners, and champions. To make an investment in us, in the women we partner with, and in the prosperity of our communities, click here.


Redefining the Value of School

by Neil Postman,
Knopf, New York, 1996

Imagine a new type of school. A school with a different purpose and content. In this school, five narratives provide a purpose to schooling and, as such, offer moral guidance, a sense of continuity and understanding of the past, present and future. These narratives and the new purpose to schooling which they provide are Neil Postman's prescription for educational reform. What are schools for? This is the question Postman seeks to answer in The End of Education. His answer? School's role is to pass on the five narratives and thus provide the young with "reasons to continue educating themselves". Postman refers to his narratives as "gods" in the sense that they tell of origins and futures, give meaning to the world and provide a sense of "community", "personal identity" "continuity" and "purpose".

In the past, there were the old gods that served schools well giving them guidance, inspiration and purpose while instilling the values of "family honor, restraint, social responsibility, humilty and empathy for the outcast". They included the multiple narratives of democracy, of Jesus, "the great melting-pot-story" and "the Protestant-ethic-story". Those were the gods of the past-at least up until the last century. The twentieth century, Postman laments, "has not been a good century for gods". Likewise, lack of gods has not been good for education. "Engineering of learning" or an emphasis on developing better teaching methods has diverted attention away from the metaphysical issues with which Postman feels educators should be more concerned.

Economic utility, Consumership, Technology and Multiculturalism are the terms coined by Postman to describe the new gods, the "gods that fail". Economic utility tells children "If you will pay attention in school, and do your homework, and score well on tests, and behave yourself, you will be rewarded with a well-paying job when you are done". (p.27) The god of Consumership tells them: "whoever finishes with the most toys wins".(p.33) The false god of Technology "tricks" people into believing that all children will have equal access to information and that technology will equalize learning opportunities for the rich and the poor. Finally, there is the god of Multiculturalism, otherwise known as the god of Tribalism or Separatism. Postman cautions us not to confuse the notion of cultural pluralism with that of multiculturalism. The former "celebrates the struggles and achievements of nonwhite people as part of the story of humankind". (p.53) The narrative of Multiculturalism, on the other hand, tells the story of how "goodness inheres in nonwhites, especially those who have been victims of 'white hegemony'".(p.52)

As an alternative to these "gods that fail us", Postman proposes five new gods or narratives.The first narrative, one which Postman believes has the potential to promote global consciousness, interdependence and cooperation is that of human beings as stewards or caretakers of the Spaceship Earth. This narrative focuses on "inventing ways to engage students in the care of their own schools, neighborhoods and towns".(p.100) Incorporated into the theme of the Spaceship Earth would be the teaching of archeology, anthropology and astronomy. Archeology would instill in students "an awareness of the preciousness of the earth" as well as "some sense of the continuity of humanity's sojourn on earth". The teaching of anthropology would give students "an awe-inspiring sense of humanity's range of difference, as well as a sense of our common points."(p.110) The teaching of astronomy would be useful because it raises "fundamental questions about ourselves and our mission" and cultivates a "sense of awe, interdependence, and global responsibility".

Unlike the theme of the Spaceship Earth, the narrative of the Fallen Angel focuses more on method than on content. Postman argues that we can improve teaching by getting rid of all textbooks which are, in his opinion, "the enemies of education, instruments for promoting dogmatism and trivial learning". (p.116) Teaching would also significantly improve, he affirms, "if math teachers were assigned to teach art, art teachers science, science teachers English".(p.114) Furthermore, students must be taught to be "error detectors" and teachers must help them discover "inconvertible truths and enduring ideas". In general, the Fallen Angel is meant to cure us of the "itch for absolute knowledge" and encourages an acceptance of our imperfect knowledge.

Through the narrative of the American Experiment, students learn about the successes and failures of America and are exposed to "the study of arguments about freedom of expression, about a melting-pot culture, about the meaning of education for an entire population and about the effects of technology(...)". (p.142) This narrative is meant to illustrate "that experimenting and arguing is what Americans do". The fourth great narrative, the Law of Diversity, tells "how our interactions with many kinds of people make us into what we are"(p.144) Students' understanding of diversity would, Postman explains, be developed through a study of the diversity of language including that of English and foreign languages, of comparative religions, of national and ethnic customs, and finally through the study of creative arts and museums. The fifth and final narrative tells the story of "the relationship between language and reality" and explains how people can both transform and be transformed by language. Through the study of the elements of metaphor, definitions and questions, students can learn how "language constructs a worldview". This fifth narrative of the Word Weavers/the World Makers is the final purpose to schooling as presented in The End of Education.

Postman has provided a prescription for an ailing education system. If educators have faith in his diagnosis and follow his plan then, education could be healed, fully resuscitated, revitalized and cured forever of the woes that assail it. Perhaps this description draws too heavily on the medical metaphor. Perhaps it exaggerates the author's intentions. Nonetheless, the term 'prescription' describes succinctly and clearly Postman's agenda.

Few would disagree with Postman that education is in need of reform. Few would disagree that learning should be driven by goals and purposes. Stating what these goals or purposes 'ought' to be and, furthermore, specifying who decides on them, is where the debate is likely to ensue. A glance at the aims of education of various schools, school boards or countries will illustrate in detail the diversity of visions that people hold for education. Often, the more prescriptive the aims, the more we are likely to have people who disagree with them because so little room is left for individual interpretation.

This tendancy to prescribe is particular to the instructional design process characteristic of many education systems . Like Postman, instructional designers determine in advance the goals to be achieved as well as the knowledge and experiences to be internalized by the learners. Instructional design considers the aim or purpose (let us call it point Z) for learners who come to school at point A and prescribes a plan or course of study that will bring students from point A to Z. Whatever the aim of schooling, be it to instill Christian values, pass on narratives, create a unified culture or to form workers for the economy, the A-Z process is designed to achieve the purpose.

We are so accustomed to this prescriptive style of education whereby the aims, purposes and goals are preestablished for the learners that we seldom question it. Nor do we question the assumptions that underly, or the alternatives to, such practices. Adherents of a constructivist philosophy of learning would argue, amongst other issues, that learning is a far more individualized process. Many constructivists believe that learning is most effective when learners, through interaction with their world, appropriate and reconstruct knowledge and experiences that are meaningful to their own interpretations. According to this perspective, the goals, objectives, content and even the aims of learning are thus highly personalized and are largely determined by the learners themselves. Depending on the brand of constructivism, there may be some prescription. Nonetheless, learning is considerably more open and personal than what would be possible with Postman's vision for education.

This essay began by asking the reader to imagine a school based on Postman's five narratives. Such a school may be possible but not for all learners. The End of Education presents an alternative vision for education -one which may be suitable for Postman and for many others. Yet we must realize that Postman's vision is only one of many possible ways of conceptualizing the role of schools and learning. The challenge for educational reform may not be prescribing 'a' purpose to education rather it may involve making allowance for multiple visions and purposes. A less prescriptive approach to education would have the potential to accommodate many different visions of schooling, many different narratives, many different gods. "What are schools for?" Postman asks. The answer to this question may depend largely on to whom the question has been addressed.