Dr. Formulated Relax & Restore Powder (Select Flavor/Size)

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  • Whole Food Magnesium
  • Made Using USA-grown Organic Peas
  • 350mg Magnesium
  • Contains Live Probiotics—1 Billion CFU
  • Fizzy Drink Before Bedtime

If you are like most Americans, your dietary consumption of magnesium is less than ideal.  Recent statistics reveal that close to 75% of Americans are consuming less than the recommended daily allowance of magnesium. Magnesium ranks among the most important trace elements in the human diet as it plays a central role in facilitating the function of over 300 critical enzymes.  These are enzymes that have important tasks in facilitating our day-to-day metabolic functions as well as manufacturing DNA and proteins and even managing how our cells are able to power themselves from the food sources we provide.

So it’s no wonder that low magnesium levels are correlated with so many health-related issues.  Signs of magnesium deficiency involve all the body’s major systems and include: Irritability, Anxiety, Lethargy, Fatigue, Memory problems, Anorexia, Loss of Appetite, Seizures, Muscle Weakness, Muscle cramps, Tremors, Vertigo, Difficulty swallowing, and Irregular or rapid heartbeat.

So if you’re feeling tired, having problems sleeping or dealing with stress in your life, it’s time to Relax & Restore!  Dr. Formulated whole food magnesium Relax & Restore powder is a delicious, fizzy drink to help calm and relax you so you can get a better night’s sleep, while restoring your body’s optimal magnesium levels.

Relax & Restore features the first-ever whole food magnesium made using our finest USA-grown organic peas, as well as, live probiotics—1 billion CFU—to support healthy digestion and regularity.

Dr. Formulated Relax & Restore Benefits

  • Supports relaxation and restores optimal magnesium levels while providing a better night’s sleep
  • Well tolerated—no gastric side effects
  • Contains the probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilus—1 billion CFU—to support healthy digestion, utilization and regularity

So, if you’re feeling stressed out or unable to sleep well, you should consider taking Relax & Restore at bedtime to help you de-stress and get a good night’s sleep.

To learn more, take a look at the Dr. Formulated complete program.

*Supplement Facts Vary Slightly by Flavor - Original Shown Here

A leading expert on the human microbiome, America’s brain health expert and #1 New York Times best-selling author, David Perlmutter, M.D., is a board-certified neurologist and a fellow of the American College of Nutrition—the only doctor in the country with both of these credentials.

Additionally, Dr. Perlmutter is a founding member and fellow of the American Board of Integrative and Holistic Medicine. He truly provides exceptional insight and a unique perspective on the role of nutrition in health, particularly as it applies to the human microbiome.

That’s why we sought to enlist his professional services for formulating our new line of products—and he readily accepted.

Together, we’re pleased to present the fruits of our collaborative labors—our Dr. Formulated product line, designed to nourish your microbial “garden of life.”

But what is the human microbiome and how is it related to overall health?

Believe it or not, our bodies are mostly bacteria. True, we have human cells, but our bacterial cells outnumber our human cells by 10-to-1 and make up our microbiome—a collection of trillions of microbes living in and on the human body. Our microbiome plays an essential role in our health, too, since it may be responsible for a variety of metabolic and developmental processes such as brain function, food digestion and vitamin synthesis. The truth is that when you feed yourself, you are also feeding the trillions of bacteria—hundreds of bacterial species—in your microbiome.

We like to call the microbiome a “garden of life,” since it’s filled with a variety of flora, including gut flora, also known as intestinal flora (bacteria) or gut microbiota, that requires being tended to appropriately with healthy food, nutrients and lifestyle choices in order to flourish and to support overall health.

In fact, scientists have reason to believe that the kinds of bacteria that live in our guts determine whether some people have extraordinary health and some have not-so-extraordinary health. The good news is that the human microbiome can be influenced by what you eat and your lifestyle habits because, like any thriving garden, your microbiome needs to be properly cultivated, fertilized, nourished and cared for.

Tend Your Microbial Garden

Tending your microbial garden can lead to greater health, including healthy digestion which is essential because every one of our cells, tissues and organs depends on nutrient absorption and assimilation of food via healthy digestion—and probiotics, enzymes and fiber are key players. Before talking about probiotics, let’s discuss prebiotics. They are specialized, indigestible plant fibers acting as “fertilizer” to promote existing good bacteria already in the gut and serve as “food” for probiotics—live bacteria promoting beneficial bacteria population in the gut.

Probiotics support healthy digestion, synthesis of vitamins, absorption of minerals, production of B vitamins and certain enzymes, immune health and much more. When we don’t get enough good bacteria—probiotics—there can be negative effects on digestion and overall health. Digestive enzymes break down large food molecules into smaller units that can be absorbed by the blood and into cells so the body is properly nourished, while food enzymes are in raw, uncooked foods. In fact, most raw foods contain the exact enzymes your body needs to digest those foods. You require a variety of enzymes, too, since different enzymes are necessary for full digestion.

Fiber creates a hospitable environment for friendly bacteria, but you need enough good bacteria for maximum fiber benefits. Fiber also normalizes transit time—how long it takes food to pass through the digestive tract. Another fiber perk is that various areas of the digestive tract absorb different, essential nutrients, and fiber helps to move foods’ nutrients to those areas so that your body can be properly nourished.

In short, probiotics, enzymes and fiber can lead t o great digestion, and when y our gut functions w ell, then you do, too. Among other things, a health y gut is the gate keeper for life-sustaining nutrients and protects us from any threats from the external environment. The digestive system is also home to up to 80 percent of immune system cells—the first line of defense for health.

Probiotics, enzymes and fiber—they help your microbial garden blossom.

Support Your Microbiome With a Complete Program Featuring Dr. Formulated Probiotics, Enzymes and Fiber

It’s important to include all elements of the Dr. Formulated line—the complete program—including probiotics, enzymes and fiber. These three go hand-in-hand to cultivate, fertilize and nourish your microbial garden. Dr. Formulated products have been designed to fit your microbiome needs, including condition-specific formulas for those seeking specialized support.

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Trinity College is widely considered to be the most prestigious university in Ireland, and amongst the most elite in Europe. This is principally due to its extensive history, highly competitive admissions procedure, reputation with social elitism and unique relationship with both the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. In accordance with the formula of ad eundem gradum, a form of recognition that exists among the three universities, a graduate of Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin can be conferred with the equivalent degree at either of the other two universities without further examination. Trinity College, Dublin is a sister college to St. John's College, Cambridge and Oriel College, Oxford.


06/06/2013 11:59 BST

Universities To Come Under 'Significant Financial Pressure', Warns Report

Universities will face significant financial pressures over the next few years following sweeping changes to funding and higher tuition fees, according to a new report.

It reveals that, despite institutions planning for changes, the Government's overhaul has had a major impact on higher education which could affect the UK's skilled workforce and economic growth in the future.

The study, by vice-chancellors' group Universities UK (UUK), examined the impact of the Government's higher education reforms on the sector.

It says that in 2012 - the first year of the fee hike - England's universities recruited around 28,000 fewer students than expected, the report says.

The drop in recruitment - which was about 9% lower than anticipated - came amid a fall in the number of 18-year-olds, changes in the numbers of students deferring their degree places and concerns by universities that they would face financial penalties for under or over-recruiting students, it argues.

The study also found a drop in postgraduate students and "significant" falls in 2012/13 in the numbers of new entrants to UK universities from countries such as India, Pakistan and Nigeria.

In his foreword to the report, Professor Eric Thomas, UUK president and vice-chancellor of Bristol University, says: "From 2011 to the present day and beyond, the UK's universities are experiencing unprecedented changes in the policy environment, in the funding of higher education and in the recruitment of international students."

This is occurring against a backdrop of a "volatile" economic situation and changes in the population, he says.

"All of this has implications for the funding and financial sustainability of our universities."

Under major Government reforms to higher education fees have tripled, with universities now allowed to charge up to £9,000 a year. There have also been changes to admissions, which last autumn allowed institutions to admit as many students with at least two A grades and a B at A-level as they liked. This autumn that will be lowered to students with ABB.

The report concludes: "There are significant financial pressures on the sector in the medium term."

Many institutions are already charging £9,000 a year for their degree courses, and will need to increase their student numbers in order to increase revenue, it says.

Some may need to invest in capital, at time when funding is constrained, to make sure they have enough room to expand their numbers in the future, it adds.

Universities have built up surpluses, and used this to fund capital expenditure, the report says, but there is "significant doubt" that this is enough to compensate for cuts to capital grants.

It says that failure to invest in this area could mean a return to underinvestment in capital, which would be a "significant step back" for the sector and would be detrimental to the UK's ability to provide a world-class teaching and research environment.

The report also says that a survey of vice-chancellors has revealed a "mixed picture" for international student recruitment in 2012/13.

It comes amid reforms to student immigration, which have affected student entry requirements, their entitlements during their studies, and their options after they graduate.

Universities are reporting significant falls in new entrants from specific countries, including India, the report says.

And while the total number of international students (those outside the EU) rose in 2011/12, the number of new entrants dropped, it adds.

UUK warns that the failure for student numbers to grow at the same rate as in 2010/11 means that the UK has already missed out on millions of pounds.

It also says that the proportion of universities meeting their international recruitment targets fell by 7% between 2011/12 and 2012/13.

Prof Thomas said: "The UK's universities have demonstrated their readiness to embrace change by modifying their financial strategies to prepare for uncertain times ahead.

"This has long-term implications for the UK's skilled workforce, productivity and economic growth."


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Comprehensive / General Planning

Kimley-Horn's planners can work with you to make your vision a reality.

Comprehensive planning doesn’t have to be boring. General plans and comprehensive plans should capture the vision and aspirations of the community and identify the initiatives and projects necessary to achieve them.

Community plans are most effective when a dynamic process is crafted to engage community leaders and stakeholders in thoughtful consideration of the relationships between land use, transportation, the environment, community resources, urban form, and economic vitality and how they shape our cities and towns.

Kimley-Horn approaches comprehensive planning with a core purpose in mind: to facilitate a process for informed decision making that is aligned with community values and vision, community development strategies, and urban design and transportation priorities. Community engagement is an integral part of our approach, and our processes use a variety of outreach techniques to identify and address each community’s unique strengths and challenges.

Collaboration with Clients

Successful comprehensive and general plans are no accident: they come from hard work and collaboration with our clients. Our approach emphasizes aspirational planning (what does the community want to be?) with a focus on implementation (what steps will be required to remain successful?) and measurable outcomes (what should we anticipate as a result of the community’s success?)

Kimley-Horn’s approach to comprehensive plans centers on a commitment to:

  1. Use goal-setting and visioning exercises to understand baseline community desires.
  2. Create a holistic understanding of community dynamics.
  3. Conduct a dynamic process that fosters a constructive conversation of community challenges and desires.
  4. Provide a framework upon which to offer realistic and measurable strategies for the plan’s major elements.
  5. Apply an interdisciplinary approach where the Comprehensive Plan is integrated with other community plans, investments, and initiatives.

Let us put our collaborative skills to work on your next planning project.


Sir Paul McCartney is set to become the world's first musician to give a live performance to an audience in space.

Sir Paul will beam the Beatles song "Good Day Sunshine" and the track English Tea from his latest album Chaos and Creation in the Back Yard during his concert in Anaheim, California on the 12 November to the crew at the International Space Station 350 kilometers away orbiting the earth.

The move comes after McCartney learnt that NASA had used the song to tell the crew of the space shuttle Discovery that a safe landing was possible due to favourable weather conditions.

The singer said that he NASA had done the Beatles a favour by playing their song and it was time that the favour was returned.

Sir Paul isn't the first musician to have his music blast out into space.

The UK band Blur, fronted by Damon Alban, penned a theme tune that called Beagle 2, that was due to play when the European Space Agency drone landed on Mars. Unfortunately for the band, the robot made it to the surface, but never sent back a signal to NASA.


Past Speakers » President Jimmy Carter

President Jimmy Carter

James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 - 1981, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. Prior to becoming president, Carter served two terms in the Georgia Senate, and was the 76th Governor of Georgia from 1971 - 1975.

Carter's presidency was marked by several major crises, including the takeover of the American embassy and holding of hostages by students in Iran, a failed rescue attempt of the hostages, serious fuel shortages, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

His administration created two new cabinet-level departments: the Department of Energy and the Department of Education. He established a national energy policy, removed price controls from domestic petroleum production, but was unable to make the USA less reliant on foreign oil sources. In foreign affairs, Carter pursued the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties and the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT). Carter advocated a policy that held other countries to the highest moral standard possible, a standard by which, he believed, Americans would want themselves to be judged. The final year of his term was dominated by the Iran hostage crisis, during which the United States struggled to rescue diplomats and American citizens held hostage in Tehran. By 1980, Carter was so unpopular that he was challenged by Ted Kennedy for the Democratic Party nomination in 1980. Carter received the Democratic nomination, but lost the election to Republican Ronald Reagan.

After leaving office, Carter founded an institute to promote global health, democracy and human rights. He has traveled extensively to monitor international elections, conduct peace negotiations and establish relief efforts. He is also a key figure in Habitat for Humanity. Carter also became a prolific author, writing 27 books. As of 2008, he is the earliest living president and the second-oldest living president.

Find more information on the unique relationship between

St. Genevieve High School and former President Jimmy Carter:


Born in 1978, Haroshi is a self-taught Japanese artist, currently based in Tokyo. He creates full-scale, three-dimensional, wooden sculptures with used skateboard decks. As a passionate skater from his early teens to present, Haroshi possesses a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of a skateboard and all of its parts including the deck, trucks and wheels. He often scavenges, collecting broken skateboards to recycle the parts and use in his work. With no formal art training, Haroshi has adapted the determined perseverance and DIY ethos of skate culture, into creating works of art. Haroshi’s relationship with his artwork is the same with his skateboards—they are his life, his vehicle for communication and expression.

Haroshi: website / facebook


 only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

2 Main Types of Cells: 1. Eukaryotic 2. Prokaryotic Prokaryotic Cells: a single- celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. -has a single circular molecule ofHaploid describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes. All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and mitochondria but only photosynthetic cells have chloroplasts. The nucleus is bounded by a double membrane and contains the chromatin (unwound chromosomes) and a nucleolus. The nucleoid region is the only cell structure on this list not found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, which is surrounded by a membrane called a nuclear envelope. Only the cells of advanced organisms, known as eukaryotes, have a nucleus .The spherical nucleus typically occupies about 10 percent of a eukaryotic cells volume, making it one of the cells most prominent features. Alternative Titles: eucaryote, eukaryotic cell. Eukaryote, any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus. The eukaryotic cell has a nuclearTypical eukaryotic cells, by contrast, are much larger, the cell membrane constituting only 10 percent or less of the total cellular membrane. Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus. The nucleus of this mammalian lung cell is the large, dark, oval-shaped structure in the lower half of the image. Although most eukaryotic cells have only one nucleus, exceptions exist. Life in all its diversity is composed of only two types of cells: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic.In addition to having a nucleus, Eukaryotic cells have a nucleolus containing the cells DNA, as well as specific membrane-bound compartments, organelles, where specific metabolic activities occur. Each eukaryotic cell has just one nucleus.Only eukaryotes can be multicellular.

Eukaryotic cells come in all sorts of shapes and sizes. Prokaryotic cells have just three possible shapes: rod, spherical, and spiral. a. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus, one of the largest structures within the cell. b. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than are prokaryotic cells.c. 5 and 6 only. The only organelles that prokaryotic cells have are ribosomes to make proteins. Eukaryotic Cell: Eukaryotic cells are more complex and are about 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-covered organelles. Characteristics of Cells Prokaryotes have a single circular molecule of DNA, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, bounded by a nuclearof one or more cells (2) cells are the smallest living things and (3) cells arise only by division of previously existing cells.

(p. 81) Smaller cells are more In general, an eukaryotic cell has only one nucleus.The cell nucleus consists of a nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope), nucleoplasm, nucleolus and chromosomes. Nucleoplasm, also known as karyoplasm, is the matrix present inside the nucleus. Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus? I need help for my homework! 3 following.Please upload a file larger than 100x100 pixels. We are experiencing some problems, please try again. You can only upload files of type PNG, JPG, or JPEG. Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, but only plant cells and fungi have walls in the. eukaryotic class. do not have a 9 2 arrangement. A bacterial cell contains cytoplasm, nucleus and ribosomes. Its external structure is. DIFERENCES: 1. eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not 2. eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not.3. Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a different structure than the second one, as they carry nucleus in their structures.All the animals, fungi, plants and even the algae is composed of the Eukaryotic cells but only the formation of the bacteria involves the Prokaryotic type. Whereas eukaryotic cells have many different functional compartments, divided by membranes, prokaryotes only have one membrane, the plasma membrane, whichSome cells have more than one nucleolus. nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. Cell Nucleus act as the brain of the cell It helps to control eating breathing like things Many cells have one nucleus and some have many Usually it has a Globular shape In animal Cells it is in the middle but in plant cells it is shifted to a side All cells do not have nucleus Only eukaryotic cells A eukaryote (/jukri.ot/ or /jukrit/) is any organism whose cells have a cell nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes belong to the domain Eukaryota or Eukarya, and can be unicellular or multicellular organisms. Eukaryote means "true nut," referring to the fact that eukaryotic cells possess an internal nucleus whereas prokaryotes (meaning "before nut") do not.Whereas prokaryotic life emerged as long as 3.8 billion years ago, eukaryotes only evolved between 1.6 and 2.1 billion years ago. Structure. Eukaryotic cells have defined nucleus along with other membrane bound cell organelles such as mitochondria, ribosome, lysosomeAmyloplast: It is non-pigmented organelles found only in certain plant cells. It synthesizes starch granules from polymerization of glucose and stores them. 7. Viruses are not cells so they are neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. They can replicate only inside a living cell.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and assembled in the nucleolus. d. The nuclear body is called a nucleus (def). Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells and have a true nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and rod-shaped chromosomes.Chromosomes are only visible and distinguishable from one another when the cell is getting ready to divide. Structures Only in Animal Cells. Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function. The Plasma Membrane.Cest la vie. Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function. A cell is defined as eukaryotic if it has a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus bound by a double membrane.A prokaryotic cell is simpler and requires far fewer genes to function than the eukaryotic cell. Therefore, it contains only one circular DNA molecule and various smaller DNA circlets (plasmids). Eukaryotic cells have complex structures as they have a definite nucleus, which is enclosed by a nuclear membrane.These cells are said to be the only basis of life million of years ago, with the change and things getting complex, it later evolved into the eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.Prokaryotes were the only form of life on Earth for millions of years until more complicated eukaryotic cells came into being through the process of evolution. Yes, a eukaryotic cell contains Deoxyribonucleicacid (DNA) in the nucleus of the cell.

If the cell has a nucleus, thats where youll find the DNA. The only cells without a nucleus are Prokaryotes. Only bacteria are prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells: These do have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. These cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals all have eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. Animal cells and plant cells are eukaryotic.Plant and animal cells have many organelles in common, but only plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts and permanent vacuoles. Eukaryotic Cells are one of two types of cells that an individual organism may be classified. Both cells have a cytoplasm and nuclear membrane, and the use of DNA for its genetic information. The main distinguishing factor of a Eukaryotic Cell from the Prokaryotic Cell is the presence of nuclear Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells. Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells.Eukaryotic cells have: DNA in a nucleus that is clearly bounded by a nuclear membrane. Key difference: The main difference between the two cells is that prokaryotic cells basically have no nuclei, whereas eukaryotic cells do have true nuclei. Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than the prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotes divide by meiosis for sexual reproduction. Prokaryotes: Cells without a nucleus.Also, only eukaryotic cells are capable of ingesting fluids and particles for nutrition prokaryotes must transport materials through their cell walls, a process that severely limits their culinary options. Eukaryotic cell. No nucleus and only has DNA.-Bigger cells and have a nucleus -Cells DNA located in the nu 2/3 of the cell is water so it needs water to survive. Many ce Prokaryotic cells have no nuclei, while eukaryotic cells do have true nuclei.4. A eukaryotic cell contains a number of chromosomes a prokaryotic cell contains only one circular DNA molecule and a varied assortment of much smaller circlets of DNA called "plasmids.« Since prokaryotes evolved first, it may be more relevant to ask why do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?This is not an issue for prokaryotes, which only have one loop of DNA (see here ). Chapter Concept 3.2: Variations on the Cellular Theme. Cells are of three basic types, two of which lack nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles.c. Only eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells can be easily distinguished through a membrane-bound nucleus.Cell walls seen in only plant cells, which are chemically simpler. Cell type is usually unicellular. Usually multicellular cells. The eukaryotic cells are found in all multicellular animals, plants and fungi. Eukaryotes have arisen probably a billion year after the prokaryotes and much larger and complex.6. Nucleus. Absent. Nucleiod region is present where genetic material resides. A Eukaryotic cell has a membrane-bound nucleus. The nuclear material in the cell or the DNA is contained within a double membrane. Bacteria are the only type of cells that are not eukaryotic, they are prokaryotic so they do not have DNA encased within a membrane. C. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)- Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are found only in gram ve bacterial cell wall and it is an important antigenic determinant.It contains a nucleus isolated from cytosol and enclosed in a well defined double membrane. A typical eukaryotic animal and plant cell is shown in Figure 3.2 Compartmentalization of metabolic processes makes eukaryotic cells very efficient and allows them to increase in size. Nucleus.The new cells have only one set of the total information found in the original cell and are said to be haploid. Eukaryotic cells have a distinctive nucleus, composed primarily of protein and deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.Osmosis occurs across a membrane that is semipermeable, meaning that the membrane lets only certain molecules pass through while keeping other molecules out. Cells with an enclosed nucleus are called eukaryotic cells.The pair of identical chromatids bound in the centromere is always made up of two copies of the same chromosome, therefore, they are two identical chromosomes (and not only one).Eukaryotic cells are that prokaryotes do not have a nucleus as a distinct organelle and rarely have any membrane bound organelles [mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, a cytoskeleton of microtubules and microlaments] (the only exception may be a bacterium discovered Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane and also have other organelles that perform specific functions in the cell.Prokaryotic cells are simpler than eukaryotic cells, and an organism that is a prokaryote is unicellular it is made up of only one prokaryotic cell. All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.Most cells have only one nucleus but some specialized cells e.g. striated muscle cells have many nuclei. (Multinucleate cells are called coenocytes.) Only eukaryotic cells have. membrane-bound organelles. Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron miscrope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a plasma membrane a cell wall. As we have mentioned, only eukaryotic cells have intracellular sub-divisions, so our discussion will exclude prokaryotic cells.The cell nucleus is composed of two membranes that form a porous nuclear envelope, which allows only select molecules in and out of the cell.


Bazi Introduction

In order to allow the reader to understand and appreciate the technical articles in this site, we have prepared a brief introduction for readers who may not have any background knowledge on this subject at all. Hopefully, this helps and more people can know and appreciate the ancient art of our Chinese culture.

Everything in Bazi is revolved around the 5 elements and its interaction with one another. Therefore a good understanding of the basics will take you a long way for the learning and understanding of Bazi. It will be very useful as well if you advanced further into other subject of Chinese Metaphysics like Fengshui (the study of Qi and landform) as they also uses the concept of five elements.
The five elements are namely metal, water, wood, fire, and earth. The basic relationship between the five elements are categorised into producing cycle, weakening cycle, and controlling cycle.
The producing cycle
table1-bazi introduction
Water produces wood: Water grows wood just like plants need water to grow.
Wood produces fire: We burn wood to produce fire.
Fire produces earth: Fire burns everything into ashes and returns it back to the earth. Earth can be referred to as soil, sand, dust, or ashes.
Earth produces metal: Metal refers to the natural minerals that grow in the earth.
Metal produces water: Metal does not really produce water but attracts water during its condensation process.
The weakening cycle
Table2-bazi introduction
The five elements are weakened by element that they produce or grow, just like a mother is weakened after giving birth to her child. Therefore, metal weakens earth, earth weakens fire, fire weakens wood, wood weakens water, and water weakens metal.
The controlling cycle
Table3-bazi introduction
Metal controls wood: As wood can be chopped down by axes which is made by metal.
Wood controls earth: The earth or soil is held together by the trees.
Earth controls water: Just like the river or ocean which is contains/bounds the earth.
Water controls fire: Water can extinguish fire.
Fire controls metal: Fire is used to melt metal.
The Ten Stems/Ten Day Master
The five elements can be broken down into what we called ten stems by assigning a yin or yang polarity to each of the elements.
The Day Master is referring to the Day stem of a Bazi chart, which is circled in red in the chart below. As there are only ten different stems (yin and yang polarity of each of the five element), therefore we have ten Day Masters.
Day Master is very important in the chart as it represents the person, the ‘self’. What the rest of the 7 characters in the chart means will be derived by their relationship with the Day Master.
table4-bazi introduction
table5-bazi introduction
Relationship with other element
Element that you (The Day Master) control is your wealth element
Element that controls you (The Day Master) is your influence element
Element that you (The Day Master) produce is your output element
Element that produces you (The Day Master) is your resource element
Element that is the same as you (The Day Master) is your companion element
table6-bazi introduction
The Ten Gods
The Ten Gods are derived when you further breakdown the five elements from table 6 above into yin and yang polarity.
table7-bazi introduction
Strength of elements in a chart based on season
table8-bazi introduction
The twelve Earthly Branches
People are familiar with the twelve animal zodiac signs that are associated to each year. For example, 2013 is a snake year. The table below shows the five elements that the animal sign contained. Determining the strength of the element will be based on the season that the person is born in, which is the same way as determining the strength of the stems’ element (Please see table 8 above)
table9-bazi introduction
We will use the table below to show how the season of birth can determine the strength of all the elements in the chart.
table10-bazi introduction
Table 10 shows that people who were born in Feb will have a tiger sign as their month branch. This also indicates that the strongest element in the chart will be wood element as he/she is born in spring. The strength of each element in the chart can be determined by using table 8 above (e.g. In spring: wood prosperous, fire strong, water weak, metal trap, and earth dead).

After knowing what the element in your chart means to you and the strength of the element, you can know what your basic strength is and where your weaknesses lie. All this takes time and practice to master, but Bazi is definitely something worth investing for in your life.

I will stop here for the time being, and will come back to explain a little bit more when new concepts are introduced in other articles. If you want to learn more, you may also buy books like ‘The Destiny code’ and ‘The Destiny code revealed’ written by Master Joey Yap of the Mastery Academy, which is simple and easy to understand, and suitable for beginners who would like to know more about Bazi.

Everything about Fengshui.


MOJ ISSN: 2379-6383MOJPH

Public Health
Case Report
Volume 2 Issue 2 - 2015
Alcohol Effects on Fetal Brain Development: The Case of Cynthia
W Sumner Davis1* and Siobhan Crosbie2
1Community Psychologist & Clinical Epidemiologist, USA
2Psychotherapist & BPS Clinical Supervisor, UK
Received: December 17, 2014 | Published: February 16, 2015
*Corresponding author: W Sumner Davis, Community Psychologist & Clinical Epidemiologist, 112 Allagash Drive, Oakland, Maine 04963, USA, Tel: 207-740-2028; Email: @
Citation: Davis WS, Crosbie S (2015) Alcohol Effects on Fetal Brain Development: The Case of Cynthia. MOJ Public Health 2(2): 00014. DOI: 10.15406/mojph.2015.02.00014

The affects of fetal alcohol syndrome disorders continue to affect significant numbers of children in developed nations. Clinical epidemiologist and psychologists have begun to focus on the less obvious but still significant effects often seen in children whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. Children exposed to alcohol in utero may not have the facial abnormalities often seen in Fetal alcohol syndrome, but often suffer the same developmental disabilities, including functional central nervous system dysfunction. Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) can cause mental, behavioral and learning disabilities, often with lifelong implications. Children suffering from ARND may have a range of disabilities in neurodevelopment and behavior, adaptive skills and self-regulation. What follows is the single case of one such child, Cynthia, born with ARND and continues to struggle today as a teenager with issues of behavior, adaptive skill and self-regulation.

Keywords: ARND; Fetal; Neuropsychology; Development; Cognitive; Memory; Behavior; Pediatrics; Psychotherapy; Brain; Pregnancy

ARND: Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder; FAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; KABC: Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children; WISC: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IQ: Intelligence Quotient; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; PET: Positron Emission Tomography; EEG: Electro Encephalogram

Cynthia was a precocious 10-year-old with a quick smile and an infectious laugh. On the surface, she seemed like any other 10-year-old girl. She was interested in all the things that most 10-year-old girls are. She loved to read, although she often chose books that were a little beyond her years and some of her favorites were mysteries and books about vampires. If you were to have met Cynthia, you would probably think that she was like any other typical 10-year-old girl and you would have been right, at least in most respects. Cynthia had great difficulty sitting still, focusing or interacting with her peers. Her adoptive mother, out of concern for Cynthia, had taken her for a number of evaluations. Cynthia had been at different times diagnosed by clinical social workers or psychologists with Anxiety Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. The more professionals she had seen, the more diagnosis she received; all these diagnosis used observable, subjective behavior to render a diagnosis. Yet none of these diagnoses helped Cynthia or helped to explain why she was different. Her problem went back to before school, before infancy even. It began in utero. What separated Cynthia from her classmates was that Cynthia’s mother drank alcohol daily while pregnant with Cynthia.

Case Presentation

If you had spent more than a few minutes with Cynthia, you might have noticed that she frequently had difficulty controlling her emotions. She got frustrated easily and that often got her into trouble at school. She had conflicts with the other girls, although she responded well to her teachers. On the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC), Cynthia scored ‘average’ for memory and application tasks, but quite a bit lower than her peers on executive processing tasks. She also had great difficulty with novel tasks and she was easily frustrated. When we read a book together, she often did not understand what she was reading, even though she pronounces the words correctly. If I were to ask her a few minutes later to tell me about what she had read, she remembered what the characters did, but often had difficulty explaining why they did them.
Cynthia’s birth mother was a heavy drinker and she did not stop while she was pregnant. As a result, Cynthia’s brain was injured before she was born. Children exposed to prenatal alcohol exposure suffer insults to brain structure and function. Studies have shown these brain injuries play a role in a variety of behavioral effects seen later in childhood. Fetal alcohol exposure (ARND) is also associated with deficits in a range of areas of function, including both cognitive functioning which entails general intellectual functioning and the learning of new verbal information, as well as fine and gross motor performance. Neurological studies, particularly those of Berman and Hannigan [1] have analyzed the cognitive impairments of children with histories of prenatal alcohol exposure and although many of these studies have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and analyses have included children with lesser exposures to alcohol in utero. Another study by Clark et al. [2], show that strong similarities exist between (FAS) children and those exposed to lesser amounts of alcohol in utero or ARND.

As previously mentioned, Cynthia’s cognitive ability had been reported as being on the borderline range of normal functioning; her IQ on the standardized tests like the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), was lower than the range expected for kids her age, but the reason for the lower than expected IQ on such tests are not indicated. Both anecdotal information and the results from studies have demonstrated that this prenatal exposure to alcohol greatly affects memory and learning abilities in childhood and observations of children with ARND support this observation. Some studies [2], show that children exposed to alcohol in utero demonstrated deficits in memorizing verbal information; this deficit resulted from difficulties with the acquisition of the information rather than the ability to remember the information over time.

Connor and Mahurin [3] found that learning deficits occurred in both verbal and nonverbal areas of information acquisition. For parents and teachers, this means that children whose brains were damaged due to teratogens like alcohol have an uphill battle when it comes to learning. These abnormalities are recognized as behaviors that are viewed as negative or disruptive. The behavior further impedes learning and participation in the classroom, the social environment and home-life. Children with ARND appear to be at increased risk for psychiatric disorders, alcohol abuse, drug abuse and other maladaptation [2]. Children suffering from ARND are also more likely to be hyperactive, disruptive and impulsive. When these behaviors are combined with a diminished capacity for cognitive acquisition, these children are at a great disadvantage in the classroom. Teachers and parents often do not understand that the child is merely using the limited tools they have to try to fit in. Having a learning disability is tough. Having a behavioral disability is tough. Having both makes it nearly impossible to excel in today’s ‘one-size-fits-all’ classrooms. In these surroundings, planning, organizing and forming strategies are all aspects of social grouping that require a group of higher-level cognitive abilities called executive functioning.

Executive functioning is critical to the success of problem-solving, abstract thinking, planning and a flexible thought process. Cognitive abilities can be thought of as tools that the child uses to interpret their world; executive functioning refers to the ability to use these cognitive tools. Children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure are at risk of impairments on executive functioning tasks. More importantly, a child’s deficits in executive functioning are often unrelated to their overall intellectual level, as indicated by studies among adults with ARND [4]. Moreover, deficits in executive functioning have real-life implications for people exposed to alcohol in utero. They may act without first considering the consequences of their behavior or they may have difficulties linking behavior and consequence. These types of deficits help explain why children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure, even those with average IQ scores, often have difficulty in school and in society in general.

The neuropsychological and behavioral issues described above manifest themselves in real life effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. The effect of alcohol on brain development has been noted in articles on FAS dating back to the 1970s. With the advent of structural imaging techniques such as MRIs and EEGs as well as imaging scanning devices for example PET and the Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, researchers can now study the brains of alcohol affected children in non-invasive fashions [2]. What they’re finding strengthens the argument against drinking while pregnant; longitudinal studies now show many complications, both psychological and physiological resulting not only with FAS, but also ARND.

ARND and following on from the example given in the above case study of Cynthia, the child that suffers with behavioral, emotional and educational difficulties resulting from neurological injury in utero are often forced to adopt somewhat antisocial defense mechanisms. This can result in anger becoming a predominant response to others. Children like Cynthia often become vulnerable to the verbal aggression of their peers and respond aggressively. Intellectually they may experience anxiety over the inability to perform educationally compared to peers. This anxiety can manifest as unwanted behaviors and they can be extensive; Cynthia often used anger in communicating with her peers and even some adults. She would attempt to draw attention to herself, for example falling off her chair during class to illicit laughter from her peers. This drew the ire of her teacher and in the long term, such behavior often resulted in consistent rejection that reinforced her feelings of worthlessness. Children like Cynthia may also have greater difficulties in coping with themselves.

Children suffering from ARND are often ill equipped to understand their behavior and may be prone to criticism for behaving in ways that are not deemed socially acceptable or ‘normal’. The impact of the child’s neurological injury often manifests in struggles with memory or comprehension, which if not handled expertly can result in feelings of low self-esteem, internal anger or overt anger and high levels of anxiety. Feelings of isolation, confusion, frustration and anxiety are too often the result of failed interactions and depending on the level of emotions involved may lead to serious self-harm as a way to deal with the frustration as these children progress to adulthood as a way to control the emotional chaos. This anxiety and need for control may be placed onto food that can result in Bulimia or Anorexia.

These feelings of rejection often turn inward through the child’s experiences with rejection from peers or adults from unwanted behavior or being ‘slow’ educationally or internally by the inability to feel understood or accepted. Anxiety can also manifest in social situations creating a self-perception of being odd or abnormal. The reactions of peers and many adults often result in children like Cynthia feeling rejected, without understanding why, often leading to an extensive self-criticism and further rejection of themselves. Cynthia was referred from one therapist to another creating the perception that she was the problem, one that could not be fixed. As she was referred again and again, Cynthia’s feelings of rejection were further reinforced as each person who failed her was seen as a rejection.

In the case of Cynthia, the attachment style to her primary caregiver in infancy was extremely unhealthy. Developmental psychologists considered the first 12 to 18 months of a child’s life to be crucial in regards to the child’s primary caregiver and that this earliest relationship is foundational for all future relationships [5].

The first 12 months of Cynthia’s life were spent with her birth mother before she was removed from custody and placed in the care of a relative. From the age of one, Cynthia’s childhood could be described as average, at least concerning her home life. However, the factors of her negative early attachment combined with ARND led to an avoidance of equal relationships: Cynthia attempted to control her friends and her siblings and once commented to me that a person can only have one friend at a time. On several occasions, I witnessed her becoming very jealous and aggressive toward anyone approaching the person she deemed as her one friend. This controlling behavior will often lead to problems with intimacy and for children born with ARND, these perceptions, both internal and external, often result in avoidance of closeness for fear of rejection. As young adults, these can be manifested in relationships that are unhealthy or destructive, due to a lack of self-esteem or an inability to commit for fear of rejection.

What does seem clear is that children like Cynthia are different. With this recognition comes a type of grieving process where the child must try to come to terms with his or her inability to be like everyone else. In children with ARND, the grieving process may be unconscious, reflective of the perceived inability to have emotional stability or security. This often results in further frustration, anger and aggression, which may lead to depression as the child enters adulthood. The angry and frustrated child becomes the depressed teen and we often see an increase in eating disorders, tendencies towards violence or withdrawal and isolation. The neurological, psychological and social effects of ARND can be extensive. Unlike many similar fetal defects, prevention is simple: limit or cease alcohol consumption when pregnant. This can only come through a better awareness of drinking in pregnancy. If you are pregnant do not use alcohol. Check with your pharmacist about prescriptions that may be detrimental to your unborn child. The bottom line is simply this: what you put into your body you are putting it into your unborn child.

  1. Berman RF, Hannigan JH (2000) Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the hippocampus: special behavior, electrophysiology, and neuroanatomy. Hippocampus 10(1): 94-110.
  2. Clark CM, Li D, Conry J, Conry R, Loock C (2000) Structural and functional Brain integrity of fetal alcohol syndrome in nonretarded cases. Pediatrics 105(5): 1096-1099.
  3. Connor PD, Mahurin RA (2001) Preliminary study of working memory in fetal alcohol damage using fMRI. Journal of international neuropsychological society 7 (2): 206.
  4. Archibald SL, Notestine FC, Gamst A, Riley EP, Mattson SN, et al. (2001) Brain dysmorphology in individuals with severe prenatal alcohol exposure. Dev Med Child Neurol 43(3): 148-154.
  5. Ainsworth S, Mary D, Blehar M, Waters E, Wall S (1978) Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, USA, pp. 416.
Based on a work at


What is the primary purpose of this passage?
McCulloch v. Maryland was a critical decision made by the Supreme Court in 1819. The case concerned a Maryland state tax imposed on bank notes chartered outside Maryland.The tax was an attempt to restrict the Second Bank of the United States, a national bank chartered by members of Congress, whose head, James McCulloch, filed suit in response to the tax. The court found in favor of McCulloch, stating that a bank is a "proper and suitable instrument" in Congress's function to spend funds and impose taxes and ordered the tax repealed. Although originally concerning a bank, the consequences of the holding extended further. By the holding, Chief Justice John Marshall set a precedent for what are now two fundamental principles of U.S. law concerning national government: that Congress possesses implied powers by the Constitution that allow the federal government to governeffectively, and that federal law supersedes state law.
What is the purpose of the highlighted portion?
The city of Avignon in southeastern France possesses a unique spot in European history, as home to le Palais des Papes (the Palace of the Popes), the center of the Avignon Papacy during the fourteenth century. As a result of the conflict between his predecessor Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France, Clement V (a Frenchman himself) did not relocate to Rome upon his election as pope, but rather stayed in France, settling finally upon Avignon in 1309 as his papal residency. As the first significant departure of the papacy from Rome, this began a controversial chapter in the history of the papacy, highlighting the power of the French throne over the pope, and culminated in the Papal Schism. During the schism, two men simultaneously claimed the papacy, Gregory XI who returned to Rome in 1377 and Urban VI who remained in Avignon, and various nations chose one papacy or the other. This schism, which lasted from 1378 until 1417, represented the increasing influence of secular politics on the hierarchy of the church, and in many ways foreshadowed the discontent that led to Luther's Reformation one hundred years later.
What is the primary purpose of this passage?
Spelt is a type of wheat that served as a staple in European diets from the Bronze Age until well into the Middle Ages. Although considered the food of peasants for millenia, spelt has recently received attention as a healthier option to other grains, including ordinary wheat. More easily digestible than ordinary wheat or other grains, spelt is also notable for being less likely to cause allergic reactions in individuals who cannot digest other types of wheat, although it is still classified as a "gluten grain." Its nutritional value should not be overlooked, as it contains more protein, niacin, and other B vitamins, as well as fewer carbohydrates, than ordinary wheat. Although once limited to specialty stores, spelt is becoming increasingly popular, and spelt pasta, spelt bread, and other products may be found in many more generic grocery stores.
Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
One of the most difficult and popular subjects in the study of Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages is the figure of the historical King Arthur. Now popularly remembered as the leader of the Knights of the Round Table, and the basis for one of the most famous cycles in European literature, Arthur arises from a mix of history and legend--a mix which countless scholars have questioned, theorized, and argued. Dated to the early sixth century, much of what is posited about his existence lies in his connection to other, more factually determined events, such as the Battle of Badon Hill, popularly hailed as Arthur's great victory over the Saxon invaders, which is known to have been a historical battle between the Britons and Saxons in the late fifth or early sixth century. The leader of the victorious Britons is, however, uncertain. Literary references to Arthur specifically are from much later texts (and references to him as "King" even later), many of whose reliability is highly suspect, and many of the stories about him are now accepted as borrowed from the deeds of other figures or entirely fabricated. Nevertheless, there are small tidbits of information that point to a popular leader named "Arthur" around the turn of the sixth century; however, the connection of this shadowy figure to the Arthur of legend remains, ultimately, unknowable.
What is the primary purpose of this passage?
The title Ultimus Romanorum ("Last of the Romans") has been attributed to various men in history who were seen to exemplify the greatest characteristics and values of Roman culture, and whose deaths were seen to be also the death of those traits. Most of the figures bearing the name died in the period of the late Roman Empire and the early Middle Ages. Flavius Stilicho, Flavius Aetius, and Flavius Belisarius were all called Ultimus Romanorum for their tactical prowess as military generals, whereas Boethius and Pope Gregory I became known as Ultimus Romanorum for their theological and philosophical works. Justinian I bore the name for his administrative skills and as the last Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire to speak Latin natively, but Romulus Augustus and Julius Nepos gained the title by their claims to being the final Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. As can be seen from these few examples, there was no clear definition of what made a man Ultimus Romanorum, and, indeed, many different men were awarded the title for many different reasons--there was no official declaration, simply by popular or individual acclamation. It is ironic, however, that the first man to call someone Ultimus Romanorum was Julius Caesar, who used the term to refer to Marcus Junius Brutus as the final embodiment of the spirit of Rome--Brutus would later become the most famous of Caesar's assassins.
The phonograph cylinder was a remarkable invention that allowed sounds to be recorded and reproduced--the earliest instrument to do both (édouard--Léon Scott de Martinville created a phonautograph that could record sound in a visible format, but could not play it back). First invented by Thomas Edison in 1877, the phonograph cylinder was wrapped in a scratchable medium and then rotated under a stylus that was attached to the speaking tube. When sound entered the tube, the attached diaphragm would vibrate, causing the point of the stylus to create indentations of varying depths; meanwhile, the cylinder was rotated by a hand crank at a rate of 60 revolutions per minute. The cylinder could then be played back by drawing a lighter stylus along the indentations that caused the diaphragm of a second tube, the speaking tube, to vibrate, replicating the recorded sounds. Over time, the phonograph slowly evolved. Cylinders were wrapped in wax instead of with tin foil, a motorized crank and more effective recording media were developed, and the cylinder itself was replaced with a disc that allowed for more durable creations. These evolved into record players as we know them.
The "Oxford comma," also known as the "serial comma," is a comma used before a coordinating conjunction before the last item in a list of three or more. For example, in "the bus arrives on the hour and every fifteen, thirty, and forty-five minutes after the hour," the Oxford comma may be seen following thirty; without the Oxford comma, the phrase would be "the bus arrives on the hour and every fifteen, thirty and forty-five minutes after the hour." There are no definitive grammatical rulings on when it should be used and by whom, although journalists rarely make use of it. While it is not always necessary, it can prevent otherwise ambiguous statements (for example: "they hired the two brothers, David and James," in which they hired two men, versus "they hired the two brothers, David, and James," in which they hired two brothers plus David and James, four in total). Therefore, writers should be aware of its use even if they abstain from it in unambiguous cases.
According to the passage, when does the author believe the Oxford comma should be used?
The author primarily describes the mesosphere as
It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers the Nielsen Company`s techniques
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It takes more than synthesis of compounds to make a successful drug discovery effort. In order to efficiently progress a compound forward, a variety of disciplines need to work together simultaneously. That is why we provide a host of related services to keep your project moving seamlessly. Let our team profile your compounds , provide documentation and analysis, and help you find the best way to store, ship, formulate and dose. We can also help with sourcing an logistics of intermediates or final compounds.


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Our church is made up of people from many different backgrounds who have come together to worship Jesus Christ and to encourage each other in our lives. We are a member of the Evangelical Free Church of America, an association of more than 1500 churches in this country and a ministry to 75 countries around the world.

The terms "Evangelical" and "Free" in our society have come to mean different things to different people. We invite you to read the definitions below to get a glimpse of why they are foundational to our church and denomination.

What does "Evangelical" mean?

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The term "Free" refers to our structure and organization. We are committed to a simple, congregational form of church government.

What does the Evangelical Free Church Believe?

The EFCA believes in the central doctrines of the Christian church. A complete statement of our faith can be found here.


Monday, March 30, 2015

#Solve #Puzzle

Present ages of Sameer and Anand are in the ratio of 5 : 4 respectively. Three years hence, the ratio of their ages will become 11 : 9 respectively. What is Anand's present age in years?
A.      24
B.      27
C.      40
D.      Cannot be determined
E.      None of these


Job Description

The Senior Associate Director, Media Relations creates and implements a variety of media relations and communication strategies in support of the Association's efforts in advocacy and representation. The incumbent is part of a collaborative team working with all departments of the AHA to enhance public awareness of the AHA, its members and positions.

 Serve as a spokesperson on behalf of the Association's members. Respond to numerous inquiries from the media in an accurate and timely manner, exercising good independent judgment and discretion at all times.

Take initiative to propose, write and edit clear, concise, and effective communications via statements, releases, talking points, letters and other appropriate vehicles to advance AHA's advocacy efforts.

Think strategically to develop communications to proactively tell the hospital story to different external audiences including media, influencers and consumers.

Plan and implement strategies for communicating AHA's legislative and regulatory priorities.

Prepare AHA senior staff, board members and members for media interviews.

Build and maintain relationships with national, regional and state reporters. Work with state association public relations executives to support major media issues and initiatives.

Manage projects and issue areas with independence.

  1.  Required Education: Bachelor's Degree in Communications, Media Relations, Public Relations, Journalism, English and/or related field.
  2. Required experience: 7-10 years. Minimum 7 years of experience within a communications and/or media relations environment. Experience in a hospital or a health care association and/or experience on Capitol Hill.

Knowledge Requirements:

  1. Knowledge of legislative process and ability to learn health policy issues and federal health programs.
  2. Exceptional writing/editing skills with the ability to think broadly about issues and their impact to how information is communicated.
  3. Must be a team player, a self-started who can work under tight deadlines but also have the creativity and broad based thinking needed to manage and complete long-term projects.
  4. Demonstrated knowledge and/or experience in working with all types of media venues, including proficiency with current and emerging social media tools.

Technical Requirements:

  1. Must be internet-savvy; media savvy as the public voice of AHA.
  2. Must be diplomatic and demonstrate good judgment.
  3. Must demonstrate excellent organization and leadership skills.

Abilities Required:

  1. Ability to work with a diverse group of people.
  2. Ability to work independently and as a team player.
  3. Willingness to adapt to changing priorities and deadlines.
  4. Ability to take initiative to accomplish an assignment and meet the deadline.
  5. Ability to prioritize several tasks.

Travel Requirement: 10% to 30%

AHA offers an excellent total compensation package, which includes medical/dental coverage (PPO/HMO), vision care, life insurance, short and long-term disability plans, 401(k), tuition reimbursement, paid vacation/holidays/sick days, wellness programs and more!

The American Hospital Association (AHA) is an Equal Opportunity Employer. We evaluate qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, veteran status, and other legally protected characteristics. We will provide reasonable accommodation for individuals protected by Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 and Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. If, because of a medical condition or disability, you need a reasonable accommodation for any part of the employment process, please call (312) 422-3000, and ask for the Director, Human Resources and let us know the nature of your request and your contact information.

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Thursday, October 22, 2009

The Whitcomb area rule

The Whitcomb area rule, also called the transonic area rule, is a design technique used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds, particularly between Mach 0.8 and 1.2. This is the operating speed range of the majority of commercial and military fixed-wing aircraft today.

The area rule says that an airplane designed with the same cross-sectional area as the Sears-Haack body generates the same wave drag as this body, largely independent of the actual shape. As a result, aircraft have to be carefully arranged so that large volumes like wings are positioned at the widest area of the equivalent Sears-Haack body, and that the cockpit, tailplane, intakes and other "bumps" are spread out along the fuselage and or that the rest of the fuselage along these "bumps" is correspondingly thinned.

The area rule also holds true at speeds higher than the speed of sound, but in this case the body arrangement is in respect to the Mach line for the design speed. For instance, at Mach 1.3 the angle of the Mach cone formed off the body of the aircraft will be at about μ = arcsin (1/M) = 50,3 deg (μ is the sweep angle of the Mach cone). In this case the "perfect shape" is biased rearward, which is why aircraft designed for high speed cruise tend to be arranged with the wings at the rear. A classic example of such a design is Concorde.

The area rule was discovered by Otto Frenzl when comparing a swept wing with a w-wing with extreme high wave drag   working on a transonic wind tunnel at Junkers works in Germany between 1943 and 1945. He wrote a description on 17 December 1943, with the title “Arrangement of Displacement Bodies in High-Speed Flight”; this was used in a patent filed in 1944. The results of this research were presented to a wide circle in March 1944 by Theodor Zobel at the “Deutsche Akademie der Luftfahrtforschung” (German Academy of aeronautics research) in the lecture “Fundamentally new ways to increase performance of high speed aircraft.”  The design concept was applied to German wartime aircraft, including a rather odd Messerschmitt project, but their complex double-boom design was never built even to the extent of a model. Several other researchers came close to developing a similar theory, notably Dietrich Küchemann who designed a tapered fighter that was dubbed the “Küchemann Coke Bottle” when it was discovered by U.S. forces in 1946. In this case Küchemann arrived at the solution by studying airflow, notably spanwise flow, over a swept wing. The swept wing is already an application of the area rule.

Numerous designs of the era were likewise modified in this fashion, either by adding new fuel tanks or tail extensions to smooth out the profile. The Tupolev Tu-95 'Bear', a Soviet-era bomber, was modified by adding large bulged nacelles behind the two inner engines, instead of decreasing the cross section of the fuselage next to the wing root. It remains the highest speed propeller aircraft in the world. The Convair 990 used a similar solution, adding bumps called antishock bodies to the trailing edge of the upper wing. The 990 remains the fastest U.S. airliner in history, cruising at up to Mach 0.89. Designers at Armstrong-Whitworth took the concept a step further in their proposed M-Wing, in which the wing was first swept forward and then to the rear. This allowed the fuselage to be narrowed on either side of the root instead of just behind it, leading to a smoother fuselage that remained wider on average than one using a classic swept wing.

Aircraft designed according to Whitcomb's area rule looked odd at the time they were first tested, (eg. the Blackburn Buccaneer), and were dubbed "flying Coke bottles," but the area rule is effective and came to be an expected part of the appearance of any transonic aircraft. Later designs started with the area rule in mind, and came to look much more pleasing. Although the rule still applies, the visible fuselage "waisting" can only be seen on the B-1B Lancer, Learjet 60, and the Tupolev Tu-160 'Blackjack' — the same effect is now achieved by careful positioning of aircraft components, like the boosters and cargo bay on rockets; the jet engines in front of (and not directly below) the wings of the Airbus A380; the jet engines behind (and not purely at the side of) the fuselage of a Cessna Citation X; the shape and location of the canopy on the F-22 Raptor; and the image of the Airbus A380 above showing obvious area rule shaping at the wing root, which is practically invisible from any other angle. Aftershock bodies are likewise mostly "invisible" today, often serving double-duty as flap actuators, which are also visible on the A380.


Views expressed in opinion columns are the author's own.

Colin Kaepernick has become an incredibly polarizing figure over the last year.

The 30-year-old former quarterback became the first NFL player last season to protest during the national anthem to shed light on police brutality and racial injustice in the United States. Last week, GQ published its annual men (and women) of the year issue, naming Kaepernick, "Citizen of the Year." Kaepernick, who filed a grievance accusing NFL teams of colluding to keep him out of the league, decided to collaborate with the magazine to reclaim the narrative of his protest.

The piece, titled "Colin Kaepernick Will Not Be Silenced," deliberately does not quote him. Rather, it interviews others about the power and impact of his protest. His choice to remain silent has projected his protest and story around the world, even drawing the ire of President Trump.

The choice to remain silent carries particular weight given the number of online media that allow us to defend and explain our every thought, opinion and action. Kaepernick's silence is both a tactical protest method and a tribute to those muted by police brutality.

On a purely definitional level, silence is the absence of sound or noise; when applied to the human condition, however, it begins to take on multiple meanings. At one end of the spectrum, silence can refer to silenced groups or individuals who are experiencing intimidation, fear or powerlessness. Being silenced is almost always seen as negative. Victims of fatal encounters with the police are permanently silenced. Kaepernick's choice to remain silent, juxtaposed with those who are silenced by force, reveals the power of his protest.

On a macro-cultural level, moments of silence commemorate losses, serving as a form of soundless remembrance. Moments of silence are employed to unite people in mourning and reflection and, in some cases, to grieve lives lost due to systemic social injustices. They can prepare individuals and groups for communal mobilization. Shared silence can unify a community, facilitate reflection and resistance, and spark protest.

In Kaepernick's case, deliberate silence represents mourning, reflection and protest; he provides a voice for the silenced without saying a single word. His use of wordless communication is an exercise in patience and perseverance, as well as a source of strength and calm.

As the GQ profile asked, "Why talk now, when your detractors will only twist your words and use them against you? Why speak now, when silence has done so much?"

Sarah Riback is a sophomore English and sociology major. She can be reached at


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"Grandparents' Rights" and Kinship Care

"Grandparents' Rights" and Kinship Care

Kinship care is when grandparents or other extended family, step in and take care of children. This can happen if, for any reason, the parent is unable to provide for the child. It may be due to the loss of one’s job, problems with drug or alcohol abuse, or other circumstances that would not make it possible for them to provide proper care to their children.

Parents may approve or even encourage kinship care by obtaining an uncontested court order or through a formal entrustment reflecting their custody arrangement. Without this, grandparents may have some difficulty making important decisions regarding the child’s health care and education.

Virginia passed a law in 2013 to simplify kinship care, allowing the providers to be able to enroll children in the local school district in the neighborhood where they live. All that is needed is an affidavit signed by the child’s parents, describing their agreement to the alternative care, custody arrangements, and any other information necessary.

There may be instances, however, when parents will deny grandparents contact with the children, for whatever reason. In Virginia, there are currently no laws that explicitly grant certain rights to grandparents, or any other relative for that matter. The law strongly favors the rights of parents over non-parents. Nonetheless, grandparents may still request custody or visitation under special circumstances.

If you have any question about grandparents’ rights, child custody, or any other related family law matters, please do not hesitate to reach out to Davies, Barrell, Will, Lewellyn & Edwards, PLC to request an appointment.


Strong introduction for a persuasive essay

Quand tu voudrait bien essayez de dormir mais qu'il y a se moustique que ta vue passer qui va te reveiller a 3h si tu le tue pas maintenant world hunger essay papers. How to write persuasively and how to write a persuasive essay - learn what to include and how to convince your audience to agree with your point of view. Following given is a professionally written article, explaining how to choose a strong topic for your argumentative essay just read it on. What is the first step you should take when writing a persuasive essay you therefore want a strong how to write a good argumentative essay introduction. Characteristics of a persuasive essay has to be held up by strong columns in order for the bridge to must be presented in the introduction of the essay.

Research paper on technology policy for essay a introduction persuasive strong - an essay by michelle hodara is the second in a series from ccrc alumni in. The introduction should be a high quality and outline to the reader what the essay is about in a succinct and concise manner here are 5 tips for strong introduction. I just wrote kappa in my history essay someone get me off the internet physical environment research paper so you know when morris took of 60 points for not turning. 0 mục(s) - 0 ₫0) sp thanh toán home đồ gia dụng máy giặt sấy quần áo.

Writing a persuasive essay a strong persuasive essay uses well-researched facts to support a persuasive end the introduction with your thesis statement. The persuasive essay what is a persuasive essay a convincing case in favor of arrange the essay introduction with strong thesis statement body paragraphs. We'll look at the importance of the introductory paragraph and engaging your audience through the use of attention getters, a bridge, and an.

An essay introduction example there does appear to be a strong correlation between pumpkin patches our editors explain what a persuasive essay is and how to. Persuasive essays support their arguments to write a strong persuasive essay but rather because the argument is not properly explained in the introduction.

Learn how to write a strong introduction and conclusion, including what information to include and what information to leave out of your essay. Persuade me, please reading a persuasive essay and students with the reading a persuasive essay graphic organizer to plan their essay develop your introduction. What is a persuasive/argument essay in persuasive writing parts of the persuasive essay 1 the introduction you must address strong. Use this list of 20 essay conclusion examples that covers a range of why do you need a strong (learn more about writing narrative essays) persuasive essay.

Strong introduction for a persuasive essay

This post dissects the components of a good thesis statement and gives 10 thesis statement examples to in my post the secrets of a strong argumentative essay. Persuasive essay introductions --ospi ineffective persuasive introduction i am strongly against your proposal for required homework in every class for.

Academic writing tips: a good 8th grade persuasive essay outline persuasive essays are supposed to be convincing there are no two ways about this. Literally, you write a persuasive essay to convince others of a certain point view or to do something to make your essay persuasive enough, you need to state a very. Do you need some tips that can help you to write a good persuasive essay iwriteessayscom how to write a good persuasive essay introduction use strong facts. The purpose of the persuasive essay is to give an argumentative most persuasive writing addresses the same goes for a persuasive essay introduction. Research paper introduction tips on writing strong thesis for persuasive essay below is a list of tips on writing a strong thesis for a persuasive essay 1. How to write a persuasive essay for a persuasive essay, this statement needs to take a strong the elements of persuasive essays: an introduction. Whether you’re writing an argumentative, informative, or a comparative paper, we have some tips for you on how to write a strong thesis statement.

Professional help with writing persuasive essays with conclusion the introduction and the conclusion are two very vital segments of a persuasive essay and the two. Are you trying to learn how to write or teach persuasive essays she can write a strong persuasive essay to the preview in the introduction but. Structure and organization are integral components of an effective persuasive essay no matter how intelligent the ideas, a paper lacking a strong introduction, well. Opening paragraph in a persuasive essay this introduction is your only introduction to a persuasive essay thesis has to be clear and you have to have a strong.

strong introduction for a persuasive essay A strong introduction for a persuasive essay establishes the issue, gives the writer's position, and - 1400395. strong introduction for a persuasive essay A strong introduction for a persuasive essay establishes the issue, gives the writer's position, and - 1400395.
Strong introduction for a persuasive essay
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How To Install Graylog And Centralize Logs On Ubuntu in 15 minutes

How To Install Graylog And Centralize Logs On Ubuntu in 15 minutes

Graylog2 is a powerful log management and analysis tool that has many use cases, from monitoring SSH logins and unusual activity to debugging applications. It is based on Elasticsearch, Java, MongoDB, and Scala.

This script will download and install all pre-requisites for Graylog 2.x including Java 8.0, MongoDB 2.x or Mongo 3.x, ElasticSearch 3.2.x and Graylog.

It will work on 64bit Ubuntu release Precise (12.04) or Trusty (14.04) and you will have Graylog running in under 15 minutes.

10 Steps to Securing SCADA Networks

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) are computer controlled systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world. These computers run applications that perform key functions in providing essential services and commodities such as electricity, natural gas, gasoline, water, waste treatment and transportation, making them a critical part of a nation’s infrastructure.

These systems were designed for functionality, focusing on performance, reliability, flexibility and safety, while not making security a priority and because it is not uncommon for these systems to have a 20 year life cycle, it will be years before more secure systems are in widespread use.

This makes SCADA’s potentially vulnerable to disruption of service, process redirection, or manipulation of data that could result in serious disruptions to organizations and nations alike.

Oil platform

In order to address this issue it is essential to take actions to implement security and establish management processes and controls.

Here are 10 steps to mitigate the risks in keeping these systems secure.

  1. Risk assessment

    Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify systems and evaluate their properties and characteristics, discover threats and vulnerabilities that pose risk to the systems and finally address those risks by transferring, eliminating or accepting them.

  2. Implement security features provided by vendors

    Most older SCADA systems have no security features, which happen to be also the most prevalent. Some newer SCADA devices come with basic security features, but are usually disabled to ensure easy installation. Security features must be set to provide a maximum level of security and only lowering them after a rigorous risk assessment of the consequences of doing so.

  3. Do not rely on proprietary protocols

    SCADA systems sometimes use unique, proprietary protocols to communicate with servers and often this is the only security in place to protect the network. This however is not a wise risk mitigation strategy.

  4. Evaluate and strengthen security

    Penetration testing must be performed regularly to find vulnerabilities and fix them before an attacker does. Having a seconds set of eyes check out critical systems is a good security practice. Penetration testing not only serves to identify vulnerabilities; it also serves in verifying secure configurations are in place when installation is performed.

  5. Implement internal and external intrusion detection systems and establish 24/7 monitoring

    In order to be able to effectively respond to cyber attacks, it is necessary to establish an intrusion detection strategy that includes alerting network administrators of malicious network activity. Incident response procedures must be in place to allow an effective response to any attack. In addition to network monitoring, logging must be enabled on all systems.

    Scada water

  6. Conduct physical security surveys

    Any connection that has a SCADA connected to the network is a target, especially if they are in a unguarded remote sites. Conduct regular physical survey and inventory access points at each facility that has a connection to a SCADA system. Identify and assess remote telephone/computer network/fiber optic cables that could be tapped; radio and microwave links  that are exploitable; computer terminals that can be accessed; and wireless local are network access points.

  7. Define cyber security roles, responsibilities, and authorities for managers, sys admins and users.

    Its very important for the organization to understand the expectations associated with protecting information technology resources through the definition of clear roles and responsibilities. Personnel need to be given sufficient authority to carry out their assigned responsibility and a organizational structure must be in place defining how security issues are escalated and who is notified in an emergency.

  8. Document network architecture

    It is imperative that the organization design their networks with security in mind and continue to have a strong understanding of their network architecture throughout its lifecycle. An in depth understanding of the functions that the systems perform and the sensitivity of the stored information is critical. Without this understanding, risk cannot be properly assessed. Additionally it is very important to document the information security architecture and its components, while establishing controls to keep the documentation current.

  9. Establish a rigorous, ongoing risk management process

    A robust risk management process is needed to provide the organization with feedback on the effectiveness of the cyber security policy and its implementation. A mature organization is one that can self identify issues, conduct root cause analyses, and implement corrective actions to address the individual and systemic problems. Self-assessment processes are a normal part of an effective security program and include routine scanning for vulnerabilities, automated auditing of networks and self-assessment of performance or Key Performance Indicators (KPI).

  10. Establish effective configuration management processes

    Configuration management is a fundamental management process needed to maintain a secure network. It need to include both hardware and software configurations. Changes can easily introduce vulnerabilities that undermine network security, so processes are required to evaluate and control any change to ensure the network remains secure.

What is XKeyscore?

NSA binoculars4

  3. Someone searching the web for suspicious information.
  4. Show all encrypted word documents from Iran.
  5. Show all encryption usage in Iran.

Examples of utilizing this approach to analyze data are also outlined:

  1. Finding a target that speaks German in Pakistan.

Examples of utilizing this approach to analyze data are also outlined:

LinkedIn Compromise of Passwords is Real

Multiple sources in the security field have reported today that LinkedIn was hacked and the list of password hashes posted on a forum.  I can also add myself to @ErrataRob findings confirming that my password was on that list.

At this time files posted on the forum have been taken down and LinkedIn has now confirmed that “some” of the user passwords are real.

Here is a small excerpt from the dump:

These passwords are encoded using a cryptographic hash function called SHA-1. A hash function is a one-way mathematical function that takes an arbitrary block of data and returns a fixed-size bit string.

In order to retrieve the password from this SHA-1 string, hackers use an attack known as a Rainbow Tables attack, which consists of calculating the hashes for the passwords; so once you get the hash to do a reverse lookup of the hash you have previously calculated and get the password. These tables of passwords and their hashes are widely available on the Internet including

If your password is simple, its pretty likely that your hash is already stored on a rainbow table.

So I calculated my SHA-1 hash by using the following command on my laptop.

echo -n ‘mypassword’ | openssl sha1

This command  calculates the one-way SHA1 hash for my password.

I then stripped the first 6 characters from the hash and looked it up in the combo_not.txt file that contained the compromised list of passwords.

YCombinator has a post that explains what the meaning of the initial “0”s mean within the hashes and the reason why I deleted the first 6 characters.

So the LinkedIn hack is real and you need to change your password NOW. If you happen to use that password for other websites, change those too and do not use that password again.

How could have LinkedIn prevents this:

Not only were the access controls that LinkedIn had in place prove to be insufficient, but they apparently had no detective controls to alert them that the breach occurred judging by their public responses and the silly statements that no evidence of breach had been found.

Furthermore LinkedIn could have made the password information useless if a technique called ‘salting‘ had been used on the stored hashes. This is common of web applications as many store users passwords as a hash in the database.

It would help LinkedIn’s reputation to be as forthcoming as they can with what they know as they know it.

UPDATE: Link to mirror forum here.


Field & Stone

How might we expose Garfield sixth graders to outdoor opportunities in Boise to foster a positive relationship with nature?

Field + Stone began with a team of students who desired to develop a service project that centered around nature. During their initial research, the team learned about Nature Deficit Disorder and were intrigued by its impact on humans. They also shared personal stories of how nature had positively influenced their own lives and had helped build relationships with family and friends. Other research consisted of talking to a local ESL teacher who has created outdoor programs for refugees, watching documentaries, and interviewing a sixth grade teacher about what role technology plays in his classroom. That same teacher then gave the team the opportunity to go into his class and discuss nature with his students. After empathizing with those students, the team learned that many choose to stay inside and watch TV or play video games. Some were involved in team sports, but many had never visited local natural sites right in Boise's backyard.

The team also learned that economic situations can play a role in the ability to experience natural spaces further from home. The student created the How Might We statement: HMW expose Garfield sixth graders to outdoor opportunities in the Boise community to foster a positive relationship with nature. Thus a project called Field + Stone was developed.

Field + Stone was a half-day event that brought together fifth and sixth graders from Garfield and Adams Elementary Schools out to East Boise’s Quarry View Park to provide them with a fun and thought-provoking experience in nature. The recipients played tag-inspired games like “Predator vs Prey” on the grass fields, teams raced to build the tallest tower out of natural materials, and student leaders taught lessons about “Leave No Trace” and local native history. At the end of a beautiful hike, the fifth and sixth graders were surprised to learn that they were spending time right in the area of a sacred Native American burial ground. The team challenged students to experience nature through all five senses with activities such as “walk like a fox” and finding the colors of rainbow in nature. Lastly, recipients experienced the thrill of learning how to use flint and steel to start their own campfire.

15 5th and 6th grade Garfield and Adams Elementary students participated in the event.

One participant said, “I liked nature before this, but now I love it.”

Recipients were given Bingo cards that had local nature activities in each space. When participants get five in a row they’ll send it to One Stone and receive a mystery prize from One Stone. The Bingo card will encourage students to continuing spending time in nature and engaging all five of their senses in nature.

In the words of the planning team:

“I loved playing outside with the kids, it made me realize how grateful I am for the opportunities I have to explore and experience nature.”

“The project was eye-opening. I saw how much fun it is to share my love of the outdoors.”

“It was incredible to create an experience for someone and see them gain a greater appreciation for nature and not want to leave!”


• March 17th, 2016

Distribution Marketing Plan

Paper, Order, or Assignment Requirements

Assignment Overview
One interesting aspect of distribution channels occurs when a retailer, in this case, Amazon, integrates backward with the intent of attracting suppliers (authors with brand names) and the expectation of utilizing other outlets (traditional bookstores) for full distribution of its products. In this example, the largest traditional bookstore chain, which also has a significant online business, has decided not to stock Amazon’s products in the hope of discouraging authors from signing publication contracts with Amazon. Effective distribution channels call for vertical cooperation, here among authors and their agents, publishers, and retail outlets. But vertical integration invites conflicts. The battle between Amazon and Barnes & Noble deserves further attention.
Case Reading

Case Assignment
Develop a report in terms of the following guidelines based on the articles listed above and other supplemental articles. A well-written report should have a brief introduction, headings or subheadings, and a brief concluding comment. Note that you should use some keywords as headings or subheadings such as “Facts Recap,” instead of a sentence or a question.
1. Briefly review the facts on the battle between Amazon and Barnes & Noble reported in the articles.
2. Was Amazon wise to get into publishing in addition to its very strong position in retailing new and used books? Explain your answer.
3. If you were a popular author of children’s fiction (with a successful past relationship with a traditional publisher) and your agent (another member of the book publishing channel) asked you whether to approach Amazon regarding the publication of your latest project, what would you say? Why?
4. Would it matter if you were working on your first book and had no previous relationship with an editor or publisher? If yes, why would this make a difference?
5. Considering traditional and contemporary distribution channels, and with the continuing decline of its e-book sales, how would you recommend Barnes & Noble compete with Amazon in the future? Do you think acquisition is a feasible solution for Barnes & Noble? Why?
Assignment Expectations Regarding Your References and Defense of Your Positions
Write clearly, simply and logically. Your paper should be 750-1,000 words long, excluding title pages and references, but quality of writing is more important than length. Use double-spaced, black Verdana or Times Roman font in 12 pt. type size.
Back up your positions or opinions with references to the required reading found in the Module 1-4 Backgrounds and Ongoing Useful Resources. In using those references, demonstrate your understanding of the concepts presented. Rather than grading on how much information you find, emphasis will be on the defense of the positions you take on the issues. Also remember that:
When writing an academically oriented paper, you will uncover many facts about the product. If you paraphrase the facts, cite the sources in your text and link those citations to references at the end of the paper.

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Listen to the pattern

A time-series is a pattern. It climbs upward and descends, patterns are stable or swinging, they change slowly or abruptly. The pattern is more important than the actual values. To understand the pattern it helps to read it aloud to yourself. “The first value is the smallest. A steep ascent follows. Then a descent roughly to the bottom again.” Time-series patterns are similar to sound patterns. A sound pattern climbs or descends just like values do. You can hear what you see and see what you hear. If you simultaneously hear and see the same your understanding is faster. Sounds read the pattern to you. Test audio sparklines.

Click on the large speaker symbol to play all patterns.
Click on a small speaker symbol to play a single pattern.


Data Structures | Heap | Question 7

We have a binary heap on n elements and wish to insert n more elements (not necessarily one after another) into this heap. The total time required for this is
(A) \theta(logn)
(B) \theta(n)
(C) \theta(nlogn)
(D) \theta(n^2)
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D

Answer: (B)

Explanation: We can reduce the problem to Build Heap for 2n elements. Time taken for build heap is O(n)

Quiz of this Question

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