Caister Academic Press

Microbial Ecological Theory: Current Perspectives | Book

"thought-provoking ... a useful reference book" (Microbiol. Today)
"insightful contributions" (ASM Microbe)
Publisher: Caister Academic Press
Edited by: Lesley A. Ogilvie and Penny R. Hirsch
University of Brighton, UK and Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK (respectively)
Pages: viii + 112
Publication date: September 2012Buy book
ISBN: 978-1-908230-09-6
Price: GB £199 or US $319
Publication date: September 2013Buy ebook
ISBN: 978-1-908230-71-3
Price: GB £120 or US $240
Microbial Ecological Theory book
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The vast explosion of high-resolution molecular data in the past few years has provided an unprecedented glimpse into the microbial world. This book synthesises current viewpoints and knowledge on microbial ecological theory. The editors have assembled a collection of essays by a diverse group of well-respected scientists who merge the boundaries of ecology and microbiology to explore some of the central tenets of macro-ecological theory with a microbial perspective. The contributors explore the mainstays of macro-ecology asking questions such as 'do microbes have biogeography?' and 'does a microbial species concept exist?', as well as showing how high-resolution molecular data is informing and underpinning the evolution of microbial ecological theory. The authors demonstrate how the application of macro-ecological theory to the microbial world is not only enhancing our understanding of microbial ecology but also providing a reference point for the development of new theories.

Written for graduate students and academic researchers, the book aims to encourage cross-disciplinary thinking and provide direction and perspective on the still fledgling field of microbial ecological theory. This volume is highly recommended for all microbiology libraries.

"well-written essays to explore a number of microbial ecological theories from population genetic and evolution theory to microbial biogeography ... The academic content of this volume is robust and the questions posted are thought-provoking ... definitely a useful reference book for scientists" from Microbiology Today (2013)

"insightful contributions from both theoretically minded "macro-ecologists" and more experimentally driven "micro-ecologists" in a volume useful to micro- and macro-ecologists ... the book does an excellent job connecting the recent proliferation of microbial genomic data with long-standing macro- ecological theories ... the six chapters of this well-written volume provide a concise review of state-of-the-art genomic and macro-ecological principles" from ASM Microbe (2013) 8, 298-299.

Table of contents
1. Genome-based and Functional Differentiation: Hallmarks of Microbial Adaptation, Divergence and Speciation?
Paul Wilmes
The recent application of high-throughput molecular biology methods to natural microbial communities is profoundly changing our view on the microbial world. In particular, our understanding of microbial population-level differentiation involved in ecological adaptation that leads to microbial divergence and speciation has been profoundly altered. Numerous processes that underlie microbial differentiation have been identified but determining the relative significance of these processes remains challenging. For example, a major unresolved question is how much of observed genetic heterogeneity is due to neutral versus adaptive processes. Sequence-based and modelling analyses suggest that much of the observed variation is neutral but recent functional "meta-OMIC" data suggest that at least some of this fine-scale variation is functionally relevant and, thus, involved in adaption and divergence. From the limited amount of largely disjointed metagenomic and functional data obtained to date, extensive intra- and inter-system as well as extensive intra- and inter-population differences are apparent. Consequently, it is difficult to ascertain specific molecular patterns that define specific microbial groups that would be congruent with the definition of a microbial species. Future concomitant analysis of community genomic complements, transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes over relevant spatial and temporal scales will result in detailed molecular descriptions of distinct taxonomic entities. Such a system-level molecular organismal classification system will need to be solidly grounded in ecological theory, population genetic theory and evolutionary theory, and may be universally applicable to the three domains of life.
2. The Human-microbe Coevolutionary Continuum
Lesley A. Ogilvie, Andrew D.J. Overall and Brian V. Jones
Humans enter into a range of symbioses with resident and transiently colonising microbes, which span a dynamic continuum from antagonistic to mutualistic. These interactions are shaped by a complex set of selective forces, which include both host and microbially-derived selective pressures. Given the significant impact that both resident and pathogenic microbes can have on our health, there is now a move to develop a theoretical framework that may guide studies of human-microbe interactions. This should enable the deeper level of understanding required to model, predict and ultimately control human diseases related to antagonistic or aberrant host-microbe interactions. Here we explore the human-microbe coevolutionary continuum in the context of current and emerging theory, and with a focus on the opposite ends of the spectrum: mutualism and antagonism. In doing so we highlight areas in which theory is helping to enhance the understanding of this dynamic continuum and where current theory fails as well as suggesting future avenues of research.
3. Mutualism: Plant-microorganism Interactions
Penny R Hirsch and Tim H. Mauchline
Mutualism is responsible for the genesis of green plants and is implicated in their colonisation of land. Current knowledge of plant-microorganism symbioses includes a range of associations with different degrees of intimacy and mutual dependence but the mutual benefits are not always clear. Complex signalling is involved when the plant immune system recognises beneficial endosymbionts although many have also evolved mechanisms to evade or moderate plant defence pathways. A wide range of bacteria inhabit intercellular spaces but only a few are true endosymbionts able to penetrate living cells whilst remaining membrane-bound, accessing plant carbon compounds in a manner analogous to biotrophic pathogens. Unlike pathogens, they provide nutrients to the plant in exchange. The best-known examples are rhizobia, bacteria that induce root nodules on leguminous plants and fix atmospheric nitrogen; and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that sequester phosphate and organic N from soil and provide it to their plant hosts. Both secrete factors prior to contacting plant cells which appear to prepare the hosts for mutual rather than pathogenic interactions and suppress the defence mechanisms. The processes involved in these symbioses are compared to less intimate interactions and the nature of mutualism is discussed.
4. A Bird's Eye View of Microbial Community Dynamics
Zhanshan (Sam) Ma, Jiawei Geng, Zaid Abdo and Larry J. Forney
Microbial community dynamics is one of the most important central themes of microbial community ecology, which seems to be experiencing its first golden era thanks to the rapidly expanding datasets derived using metagenomic and other ‘-omics' methods in microbial biology. For example, much of the ongoing NIH-HMP (Human Microbiome Project) focus has been centered on the dynamics of human microbiome communities. Microbial ecologists are beginning to actively draw upon ecological theories from macro ecology to study microbial communities. In this article, we present a brief review on several selected topics of ecological theories that are most relevant to community dynamics, including the diversity-stability paradigm, intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), species area/time curves (SAT), species abundance distribution (SAD), and neutral community theory. In perspective, we suggest that the study of microbial community dynamics can not only benefit from applying ecological theories originally developed in macro ecology, but also contribute to the development and testing of new ecological theories. These bidirectional interactions are of critical importance to the flourishing of theoretical microbial ecology, and studies of microbial community dynamics offers tremendous opportunities for these intellectual exchanges to occur.
5. Species-time Relationships for Bacteria
Anna Oliver, Andrew K. Lilley and Christopher J. van der Gast
6. Microbial Biogeography: Is Everything Small Everywhere?
Diego Fontaneto and Joaquín Hortal

How to buy this book

(EAN: 9781908230096 9781908230713 Subjects: [microbiology] [bacteriology] [environmental microbiology] )


Hāfu2Hāfu is a thought-provoking photographic project in which photographer Tetsuro Miyazaki investigates what it means to be hāfu, someone who is biracial with one Japanese parent. By portraying and interviewing other hāfu and sharing their unique identity-related questions, Miyazaki creates a dialogue about identity and stimulates self-reflection. He hopes the combination of portraits and questions will result in more acceptance and understanding between Japanese hāfu, their (non-) Japanese family, friends, colleagues, and classmates.

There are already 90 photos and questions representing hāfu from 65 different countries on the project website. Miyazaki’s ambition is to photograph one Japanese hāfu with one other parent from every country in the world. There are 193 countries recognized by the UN, so there are 192 possible combinations.

Miyazaki recently completed a crowdfunding campaign that will allow him to photograph and interview more Japanese hāfu and represent more countries. Backers were offered the possibility to pre-order the photobook he will be making at the end of the project.

About the Artist

Tetsuro Miyazaki is a half-Belgian and half-Japanese photographer, currently living in the Netherlands. Growing up in a Japanese-Belgian mixed family, he has called himself hāfu ever since he can remember. His multicultural upbringing had advantages, but he also remembers disliking it and wanting to be “just Belgian” or “more Japanese.” After the birth of his daughter, Yuna, Miyazaki decided to compare his experiences with other hāfu.

TOP IMAGE: © Tetsuro Miyazaki


Icebox Swirl Cookies

Prep Time: 5 minutes
Total Time: 1 hour 15 minutes
Makes: 42

  1. 3⁄4 cup (175 mL) unsalted butter, room temperature
  2. 1 cup (250 mL) sugar
  3. 1 egg
  4. 1⁄3 cup (75 mL) milk
  5. 1 tsp (5 mL) each almond extract and Sensations by Compliments Pure Vanilla Extract
  6. 1⁄2 tsp (2 mL) salt
  7. 2 1⁄2 cups (625 mL) Compliments All Purpose Flour, plus more for dusting
  8. 1 pkg (100g) Compliments Ground Almonds
  9. 1⁄2 tsp (2 mL) each red and green food colouring
  10. 1 egg white, beaten

  1. Using an electric mixer (stand or hand-held), cream together butter and sugar until pale and creamy, then beat in egg. Scrape down sides of bowl. Beat in milk, almond and vanilla extracts and salt. Gradually add flour and ground almonds, mixing until a soft dough forms (you may need to mix in the last additions of flour by hand).
  2. Divide dough into 3 equal portions, each in its own bowl. Leave one plain, tint the second with green food colouring and the third with red. Mix in colourings thoroughly. Cover each dough with plastic wrap and chill until firm and no longer sticky, about 45 min.
  3. Cut 3 pieces of parchment paper at least 10 x 12 in.
  4. (25 x 30 cm) in size. Using a floured rolling pin, roll each dough into a 7 x 9 in.
  5. (18 x 23 cm) rectangle, approx. 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) thick on its own piece of parchment. Patch edges as required to attain size. Chill dough, still on parchment, on baking sheets until firm.
  6. To layer, place red dough (still on parchment) on work surface and brush with egg white. Lining up the edges, invert plain dough onto red one and peel off parchment from plain dough. Brush with egg white and invert green dough on top, again peeling away parchment. Use a sharp knife to lightly trim edges, wiping blade clean between cuts to keep colours distinct.
  7. Place longest side of dough nearest to you and tightly roll up, smoothing and straightening as you roll (lift parchment to help release red dough). Gently press edge of roll together to seal. If log’s diameter is thicker than approx. 2 in. (5 cm), gently hand-roll to lengthen. Wrap log in plastic wrap and chill until firm, approx. 2 hr. (or overnight).
  8. Preheat oven to 350°F (180°C). Slice log into 1⁄4-in. (5 mm) thick rounds, wiping blade clean between cuts. Set about 1 in. (2.5 cm) apart on 2 parchment paper-lined baking sheets. Bake 12 to 14 min., until firm but not browned. Cool completely before storing in an airtight container.


Flu Vaccination

The flu is different from a cold or seasonal allergies. Influenza is much more serious and can cause days of fever, chills, cough, sore throat, sneezing, head and even muscle aches. On average, 36,000 people die each year from the flu and over 200,000 individuals are hospitalized from flu complications such as viral or bacterial pneumonia, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and the worsening of chronic medical conditions.
Each year the CDC does extensive research to build the specific vaccine for the prevention of the current year’s flu. This is normally a quadrivalent vaccine, treating 4 specific types of flu virus. And since this is building immunity to a different virus each year, you are actually adding a new layer to your immune system defenses every time you get the latest shot.
The CDC recommends that the best time to receive the flu vaccination is between October and December. Flu activity usually peaks in February and vaccination should take place before that time. High risk individuals are especially encouraged to get vaccinated. These individuals include anyone over 65 years of age, have a chronic or long-term condition, or are pregnant. Even those who are not within the high risk categeory should still get protection against the flu.
We know how important your time is and that's why U.S. HealthWorks offers flu vaccinations at our convenient locations. Our professional medical staff will administer flu vaccinations and provide educational information on flu prevention. Your health is important so let U.S. HealthWorks vaccinate you during this flu season.


American Flag around Patten ME 04765

The American Revolutionary War
Exactly how the American Flag came to be

The history of the United States is vast and intricate, however can be broken down into milestones as well as time periods that separated, combined, and also transformed the United States right into the country it is today. The American flag didn’t resemble like it does now. Apart from that, it went through a great deal of adjustments as well as alterations.

The American Revolutionary War

These tensions developed from growing stress in between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and also the colonial government (which stood for the British crown). Efforts by the British federal government to elevate income by taxing the colonies (significantly the Stamp Act of 1765, the Townshend Tariffs of 1767 as well as the Tea Act of 1773) met with violent objection amongst numerous colonists, who disliked their absence of depiction in Parliament and also required the same legal rights as other British people.

via Wikimedia Commons

George Washington was made its leader. Congress hoped they can compel the British to bargain but George III rejected to negotiate. Rather, in August 1775 he declared that all the American colonies were in a state of rebellion.

By the autumn of 1781, the American forces had actually managed to require the opponent to retreat to Virginia’s Yorktown peninsula, near where the York River empties into Chesapeake Bay. Claiming illness, the British general sent his replacement, Charles O’Hara, to give up; after O’Hara approached Rochambeau to surrender his sword (the Frenchman deferred to Washington), Washington offered the nod to his very own deputy, Benjamin Lincoln, that approved it. After French support helped the Continental Army compel the British abandonment at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had actually properly won their self-reliance, though fighting would not formally end until 1783.

Though the movement for American independence effectively won at Yorktown, contemporary observers did not see that as the crucial success yet. British forces remained based around Charleston, as well as the effective major military still resided in New York. The British removal of their soldiers from Charleston as well as Savannah in late 1782 lastly indicated the end of the dispute. British and also American arbitrators in Paris authorized preliminary peace terms in Paris late that November, and on September 3, 1783, Great Britain formally identified the independence of the United States in the Treaty of Paris. At the same time, Britain authorized separate peace treaties with France and also Spain (which had actually gone into the conflict in 1779), bringing the American Revolution to a close after eight long years.

Exactly how the American Flag came to be

The American flag was created to stand for the new union of the thirteen initial states: it would have thirteen stripes, alternate red as well as white, and thirteen stars, white on a blue area. Among the initial flags had actually the stars laid out in a circle, based upon the concept that all colonies were equal. The thirteen stripes, laid out side by side, stood for the struggle for independence; red represented valor, white signified purity and blue represented loyalty.

In 1818, after a couple of layout modifications, the United States Congress decided to preserve the flag’s initial thirteen stripes and include new stars to show each new state that entered the union.

While there is no question that the genuine Betsy Ross was worthy of interest in her own right, it is the legend of Betsy stitching the first stars and stripes that has made her an extraordinary historic number. The Betsy Ross tale was brought to public attention in 1870 by her grand son, William Canby, in a speech he made to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Canby and other members of Betsy’s family authorized sworn affidavits specifying that they heard the tale of the production of the initial flag from Betsy’s own mouth.

Based on the narrative history, in 1776, 3 men – George Washington, Robert Morris, as well as George Ross, checked out Betsy Ross in her upholstery store. She accompanied them to her parlor, where they could have a private meeting. Here, Washington pulled a folded paper from his inside jacket pocket. On it, was a drawing of a flag with thirteen red and also white stripes and thirteen six-pointed stars.

Top American Flags close to Maine state

As quoted from the Star Spangled Banner:

O say can you see, by the dawn’s early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave

ZIP codes in Patten we serve: 04765


Making Global Trade More Gender-Inclusive

The benefits of global trade are numerous and well-documented, but trade channels can still be made more inclusive for women entrepreneurs and wage workers. Incorporating pre-ratification conditions into the trade agreement negotiation process to remove legal barriers against women’s equal participation in the economy (and therefore equal advantages from trade), as well as instituting follow-up enforcement mechanisms, can help to ensure trade benefits women and men more equally going forward.

Trade Misinvoicing in Developing Countries

This paper discusses selected issues in the analysis of trade misinvoicing. It starts by examining various motives for the misdeclaration of trade activities. It is argued that the broad range of incentives to fake customs declarations provides an important challenge for the empirical assessment of the extent of trade misinvoicing. After analyzing the costs and benefits of different empirical approaches to quantifying trade misinvoicing, the accuracy and reliability of estimation results reported in the literature are reviewed. It is shown that quantitative findings are heavily dependent on the underlying assumptions in the empirical analysis, making estimation results on trade misinvoicing practices largely a matter a faith.

Latin American Currency, Photo Credit: Alex Prolmos

Fiscal Policy, Income Redistribution and Poverty Reduction in Low and Middle Income Countries - Working Paper 448

Current policy discussion focuses primarily on the power of fiscal policy to reduce inequality. Yet, comparable fiscal incidence analysis for 28 low and middle income countries reveals that, although fiscal systems are always equalizing, that is not always true for poverty. To varying degrees, in all countries a portion of the poor are net payers into the fiscal system and are thus impoverished by the fiscal system. Consumption taxes are the main culprits of fiscally-induced impoverishment.

Temporary Work Visas as US-Haiti Development Cooperation: A Preliminary Impact Evaluation

We report a small-sample, preliminary evaluation of the economic impact of temporary overseas work by Haitian agricultural workers. We find that the effects of matching new seasonal agricultural jobs in the US with Haitian workers differs markedly from the effects of more traditional forms of assistance to Haiti, in three ways: The economic benefits are shared roughly equally between Haiti and the United States; these benefits are very large, including raising the value of Haitian workers’ labor by a multiple of fifteen; and the portion of the benefits accruing to Haiti is uncommonly well-targeted for the direct benefit of poor Haitian households.

Shared Harvest: Temporary Work Visas as US-Haiti Development Cooperation

We estimate the economic effects of short-term work by a small sample of farmers from Haiti in the United States, where no US workers are available. We then compare these to the effects of more traditional assistance. We find that these work opportunities benefit Haitian families much more directly, and to a dramatically greater extent, than more traditional forms of assistance—raising workers’ current earnings on average by multiple of 15.

Expanding Women’s Role in Developing Technology: Increasing Productivity, Improving Lives

Just as the evidence suggests that a more gender-inclusive political system may lead to better policies for women and girls and integrating women into corporate boards may mean reaching new consumers, there is a case to be made for increasing women’s presence in developing technology and innovation. Incorporating more women into technology sectors is likely to 1) increase productivity, 2) offers women a source of high-quality jobs, and 3) may have knock-on benefits for female consumers of technology, whose needs are more likely to be taken into account.

The Dangers of Deal Making for Development

Private sector development has long been viewed as essential for economic growth in developing countries, and the US role in promoting it has focused mostly on how developing country governments could best set a policy environment that made it possible. But let’s consider the risks of concentrating too heavily on the private sector. What could go wrong with an agenda that is centered on “deal making for development”?

Implementing Ownership at USAID and MCC: A US Agency-Level Perspective (Brief)

This brief considers how the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) conceptualize ownership and apply the concept in practice. We focus on three pillars: ownership of priorities (the willingness and ability of donors to align their efforts with country priorities); ownership of implementation (the degree to which donors involve local partners in the design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of programs); and ownership of resources (the degree to which a partner country contributes its own finances to the objectives receiving donor support).

Of Sun Gods and Solar Energy

Commitment to Development Index 2016

The Commitment to Development Index ranks 27 of the richest countries on their dedication to policies that benefit poorer nations. Finland takes first in 2016. The UK moves down three places to 9th while the United States moves up one to 20th. Switzerland takes last of 27.

Analytic Foundations: Measuring the Redistributive Impact of Taxes and Transfers - Working Paper 446

Ali Enami , Nora Lustig and Rodrigo Aranda

This paper provides a theoretical foundation for analyzing the redistributive effect of taxes and transfers for the case in which the ranking of individuals by pre-fiscal income remains unchanged. We show that in a world with more than a single fiscal instrument, the simple rule that progressive taxes or transfers are always equalizing not necessarily holds, and offer alternative rules that survive a theoretical scrutiny. In particular, we show that the sign of the marginal contribution unambiguously predicts whether a tax or a transfer is equalizing or not.

The Impact of Taxes and Social Spending on Inequality and Poverty in El Salvador - Working Paper 447

Margarita Beneke , Nora Lustig and José Andrés Oliva

We conducted a fiscal impact study to estimate the effect of taxes, social spending, and subsidies on inequality and poverty in El Salvador, using the methodology of the Commitment to Equity project. Taxes are progressive, but given their volume, their impact is limited. Direct transfers are concentrated on poor households, but their budget is small so their effect is limited; a significant portion of the subsidies goes to households in the upper income deciles, so although their budget is greater, their impact is low. The component that has the greatest effect on inequality is spending on education and health. Therefore, the impact of fiscal policy is limited and low when compared with other countries with a similar level of per capita income. There is room for improvement using current resources.

Why Increasing Female Migration from Gender-Unequal Countries Is a Win for Everyone

Available evidence points to a superior payoff to female migration from gender-unequal countries to more gender-equal countries for the migrant, the sending country, and recipient country alike. This suggests that a policy by relatively gender-equal countries to provide entry preference to female economic migrants from gender-unequal countries would combine development impact and economic self-interest.

The Impact of Anti-Money Laundering Regulation on Payment Flows: Evidence from SWIFT Data - Working Paper 445

Regulatory pressure on international banks to fight money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF) increased substantially in the past decade. We find countries that have been added to a high-risk greylist face up to a 10% decline in the number of cross border payments received from other jurisdictions, but no change in the number sent. We also find that a greylisted country is more likely to see a decline in payments from other countries with weak AML/CFT institutions. We find limited evidence that these effects manifest in cross border trade or other flows. Given that countries that are placed on these lists tend to be poorer on average, these impacts are likely to be more strongly felt in developing countries.


Divine Cosmos

Reflections on life, self, and the universe.

Get my
Oct 10, 2017

As always, my articles are simply my perspective that I offer in the spirit of discovery and empowerment — take what resonates and leave the rest.

Highly evolved beings, and the civilizations that they create, embrace principles and ways of being that create highly beneficial outcomes for all. Their civilizations are characterized by cooperation, harmony, and love rather than competition, conflict, and fear.  The net result is civilizations where freedom, prosperity, and happiness abound.  Their example serves as a great model for Humanity to emulate if it truly wants to create the better world that many of us are hoping for.

What highly evolved civilizations you ask?  Well believe it or not, there are many highly evolved civilizations within our galaxy, and many more beyond.

There are two reasons that their existence is not apparent to us; (1) most of them exist in higher dimensions of our physical universe, so they're not visible to us, and (2) they aren't all that interested in direct interactions with a civilization as primitive as ours.  But rest assured that many of these civilizations are very interested in facilitating the evolution of Humanity and are doing so in a number of subtle ways behind the scenes.  This is a fascinating topic beyond the scope of this article that I may explore in the future, follow the blog to stay tuned.

I was inspired to write this article by the in-depth discussion of this topic found in the book Conversations with God, Book 4: Awaken the Species and this article is essentially a summary of that discussion peppered with my own insights.  So without further ado, let's dive into the top ten ways of being of highly evolved civilizations.

#1 – They Deeply Understand the Unity of All Life and Live Congruently

Highly evolved beings know the Oneness of all — they know we are all parts of a singular, yet multi-threaded, consciousness that is All That Is.  They know that any apparent separation is an illusion because everything is part of one thing and it is all interconnected and interdependent.  They know that any action they take that effects another being or thing ultimately effects everything else.

This is the single most important realization any being can have and in civilizations created by beings with this understanding it is the foundation of their way of life.  They deeply know that what they do to another they are ultimately doing to themselves — and hence they treat everyone and everything with great care and respect.

#2 – They Always Tell The Truth

Highly evolved beings always tell the truth.  They are essentially incapable of lying.  They have deeply learned that deceiving themselves or others is counterproductive to achieving their highest intentions and desires, so they have absolutely no interest in lying.  But even if they did, any attempt to do so would be easily detected by all those listening.

At the level of consciousness of highly evolved beings, their ability to sense energy and vibration is greatly enhanced (everything is energy; matter, light, thoughts, emotion, etc) and so any attempt to communicate something that is untrue would be readily apparent to all listening.  At this level, a being cannot communicate something that is untrue and not radically alter the energy they are emitting.

In stark contrast, denial and deception run rampant in Humanity — we frequently lie to ourselves as well as others, and we are easily deceived.  Only by transcending separation consciousness, only when we realize that we are all expressions of the same one consciousness, the same one being, and by embracing the unity and equality of all beingness will we eliminate the need to deceive and avoid all the associated undesirable consequences.

As an example of how we lie to ourselves, consider the violence that is portrayed in our entertainment and its connection to the increasing violence in our society.  The portrayal of violence runs rampant in our movies and TV programs, in our video games, and even in our children's toys.  You'd have a hard time convincing a highly evolved being that the constant stream of violent images we bombard our children with has no effects on their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior.

Humanity, on the other hand, can't seem to admit that the increasing violence in our society arises, at least in part, from the continual onslaught of such images.  Because if we did, we'd have to do something about it, and we feel powerless, so we just ignore it.

This pattern of seeing self-damaging behaviors and then doing nothing about them is a classic sign of immature beings.  Highly evolved beings never hide from the truth, and they always speak the truth.  And of course, when they speak the truth they also take congruent and appropriate action which is the subject of the next two points.

#3 – They Always Do What They Say

Highly evolved beings have a habit of speaking their truth, and they also have a habit of following through with what they say they will do, whether it is said to others or themselves.  Their actions are always consistent with their words, they don't say one thing and do another.

Humans on the other hand, often say one thing and do another — and then ignore, deny, or lie about it!  Obvious examples abound.

For highly evolved beings, sticking to their word is a matter of honor and integrity.  If they don't think they'll be likely, or able, to do something they don't say it.  If on the other hand, they meant what they said, but later they find they can't keep their word because of unexpected circumstances, they will face it squarely and go talk to everyone involved to clear it up.  They will humbly and truthfully explain why they won't be able to do what you said.

#4 – They Always Do What Works

When highly evolved beings see a less than desirable situation and have understood why it exists, they always respond with something that works.  They do not ignore it, deny that it exists, cover it up, do something that doesn't address the true problem, or in some other way fail to take appropriate action — as is often the case with Humanity.

Examples abound, here are a few of them:

If our goal is to live a life of peace, joy, and love (which I sincerely hope it is), then violence does not work.  This is immensely obvious if you take but a moment to contemplate history — isn't it clear that retribution begets retribution, hate begets hate, violence begets violence.  And yet we repeat the pattern over and over.

If our goal is to live long and healthy lives, then consuming meat daily, smoking known carcinogens continuously, and drinking alcohol regularly does not work.  This has been amply proven, yet many of us continue to do these things.

If our goal is a society free of violence and war, then the modeling of violent behaviors and attitudes to your children, via our entertainment and toys, which has clearly been proven to facilitate the adoption of those violent tendencies, does not work and would be stopped immediately.  Yet, we do nothing.

#5 – They Never Kill Each Other

Highly evolved beings never, under any circumstances, kill another incarnate being unless specifically asked by the other to do so.  Within Humanity, murder and mass murder (war, etc) occur appallingly frequently.  We justify much of this behavior as "self-defense."

It's interesting to note that in primitive societies all attack is called "defense."  And of course, we certainly have the "right" to defend ourselves and do so in any way we see fit — after all, we are free and sovereign beings, so we "have the right" to do anything we please.  Yet, a highly evolved being would not kill another even in situations we would clearly consider self-defense.

This is because they understand that every act is an act of self-definition, every act defines who you are.  You are creating yourself in each and every moment by what you choose to do, so it boils down to deciding who and what you want to be. Do we want to define ourselves as ones who are willing to do anything to survive, and create a dog-eat-dog kind of world in the process?

Ultimately, highly evolved civilizations transcend the need to kill others because they no longer create situations where they would find themselves needing to kill.  And that's because they have awakened to their Oneness, and every aspect of their attitudes and behaviors have changed dramatically.

When Humanity fully awakens then all the conflict and competition will end — no more killing, no more dog-eat-dog world.  Instead, we will find ways to share everything and cooperate on a grand scale.  And this new found level of cooperation and sharing will create an unprecedented level of prosperity and happiness for all, and no one will ever have any reason to attack or defend (physically, emotionally, financially, etc) for any reason ever again.

In the rare case that an unenlightened person chose to mortally attack you, you would simply allow yourself to be killed knowing that "death" is an illusion and peacefully exit physicality and return to your eternal non-physical self and existence.  You would not choose to perpetuate more violence just for the survival of your physical body — which is not you; it's just a temporary vehicle.  When you know that the real you can't die it changes everything!

Know then that the body is merely a garment. Go seek the wearer, not the cloak.

— Rumi

But what if we were attacked by another civilization you might ask?  Don't we have to worry about another civilization coming to Earth one day and destroying us?  This question is addressed in Conversations with God Book 4 and I will defer to it on this topic.

All I'll say about this is that our fear of this scenario is being encouraged by a whole slew of alien invasion movies and the like.  Given the benevolent extra-terrestrial presence that is here (i.e. highly evolved civilizations) trying to gently facilitate the awakening and evolution of Humanity, it makes you wonder if some or all the "alien fear porn" is the work of some agency with a nefarious agenda?  If you'd like to explore this topic further, then I suggest you check out the work of Dr. Steven Greer.  He is the world's leading expert and most trust worthy source on the extra-terrestrial presence, and who, why, and how it is being hidden from us.

#6 – They Never Damage Their Environment

Highly evolved beings would never do anything that could potentially damage or harm the physical environment that supports their society.  They deeply understand and appreciate the interconnection and interdependency of all life, and they deeply appreciate the environment that sustains them.  They know that to continue to have their environment to provide for their needs, and for the needs of all generations to come, then they must live sustainably — they must live in a way that is gentle, careful, and thoughtful to their natural environment and planet and wisely husband her resources.

Humanity, on the other hand, continues to demonstrate a callous disregard for their environment using and abusing it, and poisoning it (and ourselves in the process)!

#7 – They Share Everything With Everyone, There is No Ownership

In highly evolved civilizations there is no such thing as "ownership."  This is because they understand that since they are all One, everything that exists belongs to everyone that exists.  And hence, they share everything with everyone all the time.

A far cry from Humanity, which generally only shares with others in very limited circumstances.  We have an economic system and mindset that encourages us to accumulate as much stuff that we can call our own as we can, and that encourages a relative few to horde the majority of the resources and wealth of the planet.  To most of us, sharing everything probably seems completely impractical and unworkable.  It's very hard for us to imagine how sharing everything could work — but believe it or not, it works very well.

In highly evolved civilizations the idea of "ownership" is replaced by the concept of "stewardship."  Beings in those civilizations mutually agree on who will have stewardship responsibility for what, who will partner with whom, and who will perform what functions.  The person or persons that care for and manage a given thing or resource (e.g; the stewards) do not "take" it as their own — they are simply responsible for managing it.  It could be said that the resource is "owned" by the community and the steward of the resource is taking care of it on behalf of the community.  But of course, enlightened communities understand all resources are essentially gifts from the Universe that are to be managed responsibly, and used fairly, for all those using it now, and in the future.

Those who accept stewardship of anything, be it land or something else, do not imagine that they "own" it.  They understand that they are merely caring for and managing it for the benefit of the community.  For instance, no one imagines, that just because they are stewards of a particular plot of land on the planet on which they incarnated, that they "own" the minerals, water, and whatever else is under that plot of land — all the way down to the center of the Earth.  Nor does anyone imagine that they "own" the air, or the sky, above a particular plot of land — as high as the sky goes.  Such ideas are absolutely ludicrous to highly evolved beings and any debates about who owns the "rights" to whatever seems utterly pointless to beings who understand that they are all One.

A big stumbling block to embracing the idea of "no ownership" is our difficulty in imagining how we would earn a living without the profit motive that seems so strongly linked to ownership.  But unlike Humanity, highly evolved civilizations do not view living as something you have to "earn."  Systems can easily be devised that allows a society to fulfill individual and group needs without the members of that society having to sell their soul and abandon their dreams to survive.  Many civilizations have created such systems and have demonstrated that they work very well — producing a high degree of freedom, prosperity, and happiness for all.

Highly evolved beings also have a different way of looking at "profit."  They do not consider it "profitable" if one individual benefits at the expense of another.  They do not consider it honorable or acceptable if they get more and another gets less.  In highly evolved civilizations, no one benefits unless everyone benefits.  It might be said that they would measure profitability by how well a stewarded resource is managed and how well it provides benefits to the members of the community.  And hence, they would likely describe the degree of success of any venture by using the term "beneficial," rather than the term "profitable."

If you still think a society sharing everything is unworkable consider that Humanity makes sharing work all the time on a small scale — with our loved ones and families.  In this context, we generally care for others no matter what, regardless of what they've done.

What if we could extend our sense of family beyond blood relatives?  What if we could start by caring about everyone in our community with that same type of bond and the same sense of connection that we have for our family members?  And then what if we could extend it to everyone in our country, and then our world?  This is the difference between highly evolved civilizations and Humanity — they feel that same connection, the same amount of compassion, care, and love for everyone in their society.

C'mon people now smile on your brother, everybody get together and try and love another right now.
— The Youngbloods, Get Together

When you begin to stop seeing others as outsiders, when you begin to transcend "us" versus "them," you are on the verge of a breakthrough in the evolution of your consciousness.  When you can treat every single person with kindness and respect no matter what they have done, then you will have transcended separation and will have powerfully aligned with the unconditional love of the Source within you.

One of the root impediments to adopting a sharing economy is the belief that there is not enough for everyone, which leads to people wanting to make sure they get theirs, so someone else doesn't get it instead — possessiveness, greed, hoarding, etc. The belief in scarcity is one of the key beliefs that is responsible for creating the type of world we live in (e.g; one characterized by conflict and competition).

The apparent scarcity of many things on our world is largely due to unfair or inefficient distribution, not any inherent scarcity.  As a shameful example, there is actually enough food produced on this world for everyone yet many continue to starve.  And of course, much of the apparent scarcity on our world is intentionally manufactured by commercial interests to maximize profits or by distribution strategies based on profit only mentalities which leaves many without even though there is plenty.  And imagine if all of the energy and resources invested in the worlds war machines was applied to everyone's welfare — we could easily solve most if not all of the worlds inequities!

Because highly evolved civilizations work cooperatively, share everything, tell and face the truth, and do what works, they rarely experience scarcity.  But even more deeply, highly evolved beings have transcended scarcity altogether because they understand metaphysics and know that they are creating their reality with their thoughts and beliefs and so ultimately scarcity is an illusion which is self-created.

#8 – They Work Together Cooperatively, There is No Competition

Highly evolved beings never compete with one another.  They deeply know the Oneness of all and that what they do to another they ultimately do to themselves, so they work together for the greater good of all.  They cannot bring themselves to gain at the expense of another and so competition all but disappears in their civilizations.  When enlightened beings see the truth, they do what works and the strategy that works the best, in the long run, is cooperation and sharing.

Humanity has a long way to go in this regard.  Competition, at every level, runs rampant.  We have convinced ourselves that competition is healthy — that it motivates and produces more efficient outcomes.  And in the short term it often does, but in the long run, it creates great inequities. We have fallen into endless and often ruthless competitions for everything — money, power, fame, love, attention, sex, everything — and it is killing us.

Franklin D. Roosevelt, the enlightened 32nd president of the United States, echoes this sentiment when he said this about competition and cooperation:

#9 – They Do Not Embrace the Principles of Justice and Punishment

Highly evolved societies do not embrace the principles that we refer to as "justice" and "punishment."  Enlightened beings understand that any being that acts to harm another is deeply wounded, deeply in pain and that their acts are simply a cry for help, a cry for love.  Hence, they do not attempt to bring those that have done harm to justice or punish them.  They have found that, in the long run, this approach is rarely effective.  Instead, they reach out with compassion and love to help heal them.

They try to help heal these people in whatever way seems appropriate and effective.  And they understand that judging and punishing is rarely either — because it does not heal a person's core wounds and therefore alter their way of being or behavior.  They know that doing so will likely only deepen and sustain the wounds and the problem.  They know that only love can heal all wounds and transform people.

But how can a society function without laws and a judicial process, and the threat of punishment and incarceration that is the cornerstone of this system?  How can beings co-exist without some sort of "code-of-conduct" and associated disciplinary system?  The code of conduct of highly evolved beings is elegantly simple:

Do not think, say, or do anything to another that you would not want to have thought, said, or done to you.

Sound familiar?  Every religion on our planet teaches some version of what we've called "The Golden Rule."  The difference between human societies and highly evolved civilizations is that they actually apply The Golden Rule in their lives, rather than just giving it lip service.

But what happens in these civilizations if someone breaks The Golden Rule?  Is it considered a "crime?"  Believe it or not, there is no such thing as "crime and punishment" in highly evolved civilizations.  No one commits a "crime," because everyone understands that they are All One, and that an offense against, or harm to, another is an offense against their self.

And since their are no crimes, there is no need of what we might call "justice."  The concept of "justice" is interpreted and expressed in a different way, not as "punishment" but as "appropriate action," and in most cases, the appropriate action is far different than what would occur in our society.  A typical example is, rather than punishment and incarceration the action that would be taken would be education, support, and rehabilitation.

Justice is not something you experience after you act a certain way, but because you act a certain way.  Justice is an act, not punishment for an act.  An enlightened civilization understands this.  The problem with our society is that we seek "justice" after an "injustice" has occurred, rather than "doing justice" in the first place, through the choices and actions that we make — justice is an action, not a reaction.  When everyone in our society acts justly (e.g; follows The Golden Rule), we will not need judicial and incarceration systems.

#10 – They Do Not Believe In or Experience Lack

Highly evolved beings know that "lack" is a self-created experience and they have transcended it.  They understand metaphysics deeply and know that they are eternal beings — that their ultimate essence is pure consciousness, non-physical and formless, and hence they do not fear death and are not concerned about their survival.

When survival isn't the issue, the idea of lack begins to dissolve.  Fear of not having enough is further dissolved by their knowing that they are creators — that what they experience (their reality) is created by their thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and desires and hence what they can experience is limited only to what they can imagine — and they have gotten very good at imagining only an abundance of health, happiness, and prosperity.  At this level of consciousness, sometimes referred to as Creator Consciousness (versus Victim Consciousness), abundance is guaranteed.

At the level of existence of highly evolved civilizations they are no longer concerned with whether they will survive, or have enough, but in what manner they will live life to its fullest and create wonderful experiences for all.

Humanity is far from this level of consciousness and existence.  Fear of not having enough, and survival runs deep, and it is one of the core reasons why there is so much competition, conflict, inequities, and suffering in our world.

But most of the perceived shortages on our planet are illusory. A good example is the supply of food.  On our world, over 650 of our children die of starvation every hour — which seems to indicate there is a shortage of food.  Yet we scrape enough food off our plates in restaurants to feed whole countries; no child needs to starve to death.  The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates food waste in the United States alone to be about 30 to 40 percent of the food supply — an estimated 133 billion pounds of food wasted.

This is a situation that would never, ever occur in highly evolved civilizations.  They would simply make it a priority to figure out how to solve the issue, which is more one of distribution than it is of lack of supply.  They would figure out how to "share" the food more effectively.

We have explored some of the key characteristics that distinguish highly evolved civilizations from others that are less so.  If you'd like to explore these in more depth or learn about some of the other distinguishing characteristics not discussed here then check out Conversations with God, Book 4: Awaken the Species.

The example offered to us by highly evolved civilizations provides a tried and true model for us to adopt that can enable us to create that better world that we all yearn for.  This model can be summed up very simply — caring, and sharing, and cooperation is a powerful combination that can transform our world!

— John Lennon, Imagine

Let's be the change we wish to see in the world and create a wonderful new earth together!

Have a question? Need advice or guidance?  I offer private counseling sessions.

PS/ Here's video with Neale Donald Walsch, the author of the book which inspired this article, Conversations with God, Book 4: Awaken the Species , talking about about a hypothetical situation and a highly evolved responce.  Enjoy, — Jeff

Enjoy this post? Like or share it!

Recommended Books

    Conversations with God, Book 4: Awaken the Species by Neale Donald Walsch.
    The whole universe, and each of its dimensions, is filled with sentient beings, each with the exact same desire -- the desire to express and experience their true divine nature. This involves a process of, first, moving through and knowing every aspect of being physical. Then moving through and knowing every aspect of being metaphysical. Then, integrating both. And here is the great secret that Highly Evolved Beings are focusing their energies on sharing: Full integration can occur at any moment.The process can be condensed. An entire civilization can begin living as an awakened species whenever it wishes.
    Conversations with God: An Uncommon Dialogue, Book 1 by Neale Donald Walsch.
    This book is a “must read” for every serious spiritual seeker on the path to enlightenment. Neal Donald Walsch was experiencing a low period in his life when he decided to write a letter to God, venting his frustrations. What he did not expect was a response. As he finished his letter, he was moved to continue writing — and out came extraordinary answers to his questions. This book presents the answers that Walsch received, which helped him to transform his self, his life, and his perspective on just about everything. It will likely do the same for you.

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Health Victory

Tips – Getting Started & Next Steps

Managing Stress and Anxiety.

Stress and anxiety usually go together. The effects of stress and anxiety are always negative. Fortunately, there are ways of dealing with stress and anxiety. This article is about the various ways of managing stress and anxiety. Taking a step back is one of the tips of managing stress and anxiety. This can be done by just taking getting away from the problem so that you can clear your head. This is helpful in lowering the stress levels. There are several ways in which one can remove themselves from a stressful situation. It can be done through reading a book, listening to music or getting a relaxing massage.

The other way of coping with a stressful situation is by counting to ten. Before counting, it is necessary for a stressed person to take a deep breath. In case it does not work, one is advised to repeat the procedure but go all the way to twenty or more. This method is a calming technique that allows someone to put their worries into perspective. This makes it possible for a person to regain their emotions. It is also important to avoid alcohol and caffeine when someone is stressed. These beverages are known to trigger the panic attacks. Instead one is advised to take a lot of water during this period.

You require a positive mind if you are to manage a stressful situation. It is often that people usually think of the worst when they are in a stressful situation. This is, however, not healthy since it can elevate the level of stress. It is, therefore, best for you to replace the negative thoughts with more positive ones. There is a significance in having a positive mind. One may seek the help of a professional to deal with a stressful situation. The online counselors have made it easier to talk to the counselors. This platform also offers some sense of confidentiality. This is a very effective way of getting your life back into perspective.

People with high levels of stress and anxiety are often advised to enjoy more sleep. This is because lack of sleep can itself be a source of stress. Sleeping for over eight hours is a remedy for stress and anxiety. Identifying what causes stress and anxiety is a huge step towards dealing with it. Identification of the stress triggers can be done through keeping a journal.

The other way of managing stress is putting it into perspective. One can do this by imagining that someone else was in his shoe and they are the ones providing the advice. This will enable you to disconnect from your emotions completely. Hence, you will be able to advice yourself appropriately. Lastly, Having some fun is another way of dealing with stress and anxiety.


Science Daily

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Read science articles on the ice age, glaciation and climatology. Discover the connection between ice ages and global warming.
Updated: 1 hour 37 min ago

No volcanic winter in East Africa from ancient Toba eruption

Tue, 02/06/2018 - 14:18
The Toba supereruption on the island of Sumatra about 74,000 years ago did not cause a six-year-long 'volcanic winter' in East Africa and thereby cause the human population in the region to plummet, according to new research based on an analysis of ancient plant remains from lake cores. The new findings disagree with the Toba catastrophe hypothesis, which says the eruption and its aftermath caused drastic, multi-year cooling and severe ecological disruption in East Africa.

Sea ice algae blooms in the dark

Tue, 02/06/2018 - 13:06
Researchers have measured a new world record: Small ice algae on the underside of the Arctic sea ice live and grow at a light level corresponding to only 0.02 percent of the light at the surface of the ice. Algae are the primary component of the Arctic food web and produce food far earlier in the year than previously thought.

Reduced energy from the sun might occur by mid-century: Now scientists know by how much

Tue, 02/06/2018 - 09:58
The Sun might emit less radiation by mid-century, giving planet Earth a chance to warm a bit more slowly but not halt the trend of human-induced climate change.

Tue, 02/06/2018 - 09:58
Present-day release of methane from an area of the Arctic Ocean is an effect of the uplift of the sea floor, rather than anthropogenic ocean warming, a new study states.

Massive reserves of mercury hidden in permafrost

Mon, 02/05/2018 - 12:42
Researchers have discovered permafrost in the northern hemisphere stores massive amounts of natural mercury, a finding with significant implications for human health and ecosystems worldwide.

North American ice sheet decay decreased climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere

Mon, 02/05/2018 - 10:31
The changing topography of ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere during the last Ice Age forced changes in the climate of Antarctica, a previously undocumented inter-polar climate change mechanism.

Climate variability -- past and future

Mon, 02/05/2018 - 10:31
On the basis of a unique global comparison of data from core samples extracted from the ocean floor and the polar ice sheets, researchers have now demonstrated that, though climate changes have indeed decreased around the globe from glacial to interglacial periods, the difference is by no means as pronounced as previously assumed. Until now, it was believed that glacial periods were characterized by extreme temperature variability, while interglacial periods were relatively stable.

Toward end of Ice Age, human beings witnessed fires larger than dinosaur killers

Thu, 02/01/2018 - 16:32
About 12,800 years ago, thanks to fragments of a comet, humans saw an astonishing 10 percent of the Earth's land surface, or about 10 million square kilometers, consumed by fires.

Arctic lakes are releasing relatively young carbon

Thu, 02/01/2018 - 08:26

Most of last 11,000 years cooler than past decade in North America, Europe

Wed, 01/31/2018 - 13:44
Natural fluctuations in climate have occurred over past millennia, which would have naturally led to climatic cooling today in the absence of human activity.

Evolution of China's flowering plants shows East-West divide between old, new lineages

Wed, 01/31/2018 - 12:33
An international team of scientists has mapped the evolutionary relationships between China's 30,000 flowering plant species, uncovering a distinct regional pattern in biodiversity. Eastern China is a floral 'museum' with a rich array of ancient lineages and distant relatives while the western provinces are an evolutionary 'cradle' for newer and more closely related species.

UK regional weather forecasts could be improved using jet stream data

Tue, 01/30/2018 - 08:47
Weather forecasters could be able to better predict regional rainfall and temperatures by using North Atlantic jet stream data, according to new research. Climate scientists examined the relationship between changes in North Atlantic atmospheric circulation -- or jet stream -- and UK regional weather variations during summer and winter months over the past 65 years, and found that the jet stream changes were significantly associated with variations in regional rainfall and temperatures.

Giant earthquakes: Not as random as thought

Tue, 01/30/2018 - 08:12

Northern European population history revealed by ancient human genomes

Tue, 01/30/2018 - 08:08
Scientists analyzed ancient human genomes from 38 northern Europeans dating from approximately 7,500 to 500 BCE. The study found that Scandinavia was initially settled via a southern and a northern route and that the arrival of agriculture in northern Europe was facilitated by movements of farmers and pastoralists into the region.

Rainfall and ocean circulation linked in past and present

Fri, 01/26/2018 - 07:54
Research has found that changes in ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean influence rainfall in the Western Hemisphere, and that these two systems have been linked for thousands of years.

Primordial oceans had oxygen 250 million years before the atmosphere

Thu, 01/25/2018 - 09:13
New research has pushed a major milestone in the evolution of Earth's environment back by about 250 million years.

Century of data shows sea-level rise shifting tides in Delaware, Chesapeake bays

Wed, 01/24/2018 - 16:24
The warming climate is expected to affect coastal regions worldwide as glaciers and ice sheets melt, raising sea level globally. For the first time, an international team has found evidence of how sea-level rise already is affecting high and low tides in both the Chesapeake and Delaware bays, two large estuaries of the eastern United States.

Earth's core and mantle separated in a disorderly fashion

Wed, 01/24/2018 - 12:17

Record jump in 2014-2016 global temperatures largest since 1900

Wed, 01/24/2018 - 11:32
Global surface temperatures surged by a record amount from 2014 to 2016, boosting the total amount of warming since the start of the last century by more than 25 percent in just three years, according to a new University of Arizona-led paper. The research is the first to quantify the record temperature spike of an additional 0.43 degrees F (0.24 C) in just three years and to identify the fundamental reason for the jump.

Interacting Antarctic glaciers may cause faster melt and sea level contributions

Wed, 01/24/2018 - 07:55
Two of the most rapidly changing glaciers in Antarctica, which are leading contributors to sea-level rise, may behave as an interacting system rather than separate entities, according to a new analysis of radar data.


On 2:19 PM by NY Drs. Urgent Care
With common Disorders come Eating Disorders. Eating Disorders are conditions specified by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the loss of an individual's physical and mental health. Disorders such as:
Anorexia- An illness characterized by excessive food restriction and irrational fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body self-perception. It typically involves excessive weight loss. Anorexia usually develops during adolescence and early adulthood.

Binge Eating- A serious eating disorder in which a person frequently consumes unusually large amounts of food. Almost everyone overeats on occasion, such as having seconds or thirds of a holiday meal. But for some people, overeating crosses the line to binge-eating disorder and it becomes a regular occurrence, usually done in secret.

Though primarily thought of as affecting females, eating disorders affect males as well. Although eating disorders are increasing all over the world among both men and women, there's evidence to suggest that women are at the highest risk of developing them; especially with the societal norms to look/be "skinny."

The cause of eating disorders aren't known, but there is evidence that it may be linked to other medical conditions and situations. One study shows that girls with ADHD have a greater chance of getting an eating disorder than those not affected by ADHD. Another study suggested that women with PTSD, especially due to sexually related trauma, are more likely to develop anorexia . One study showed that foster girls are more likely to develop bulimia. Some also think that peer pressure and idealized body-types seen in the media are also a significant factor. Some research shows that for some, there's a genetic reason why they may be prone to developing an eating disorder.

While proper treatment can be highly effective, the consequences of eating disorders can be severe, including death.
For more information on Eating Disorders visit the National Eating Disorder Association HERE!


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"A beacon of hope for women and men who fear that they will pass the abuse they have suffered on to their children, partners, or employees. Humane and compassionate but also clear and down to earth, this is a wonderful contribution to the literature on healing." –Lundy Bancroft, author of When Dad Hurts Mom and Why Does He Do That? «In this remarkably powerful, wise, and compassionate book, Beverly Engel leads readers step by step through a program that will help survivors of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse in childhood to heal from their wounds so they don't need to re-enact their abusive pasts. She offers expert advice and strategies to help parents and would-be parents avoid doing to their children what was done to them and helps both abusers and victims in emotionally and physically abusive relationships make vitally important changes in their relationships.» –Susan Forward, Ph.D., author of Toxic Parents and Emotional Blackmail If you were emotionally, physically, or sexually abused as a child or adolescent, or if you experienced neglect or abandonment, it isn't a question of whether you will continue the cycle of abuse but rather a question of how–whether you will become an abuser or continue to be a victim. In this breakthrough book, Beverly Engel, a leading expert on emotional and sexual abuse, explains how to stop the cycle of abuse once and for all. Her step-by-step program provides the necessary skills for gaining control over emotions, changing negative attitudes, learning healthy ways of communicating, healing the damage from prior abuse, and seeking out support. Throughout, Engel shares many dramatic personal stories including her own experiences with abusive behavior. Breaking the Cycle of Abuse gives you the power to shatter abusive patterns for good and offers a legacy of hope and healing for you and your family.
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Dance Border The Dance Conservatory

Elite, Pre Elite, & Petite Dancers

Contact the studio for more information

TDC Elite, Pre-Elite, and Petite teams are The Dance Conservatory’s competitive teams for dancers between the ages of 7 and 18. They are designed for the dancer who cannot think of anything other than dance. They are for the kid who rides in the car, hears any song on the radio, and can’t help but tap along. They are for the person who can’t help but twirl across the kitchen while they’re making a snack. It’s for the dancer who wants to push their abilities further.


 Slaughterhouse-Five - Temehea.gq

Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut

Book Title: Slaughterhouse-Five

Publisher: RosettaBooks

Author: Kurt Vonnegut

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Kurt Vonnegut with Slaughterhouse-Five

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Adapted for a magnificent George Roy Hill film three years later (perhaps the only film adaptation of a masterpiece which exceeds its source), Slaughterhouse-Five (1969) is the now famous parable of Billy Pilgrim, a World War II veteran and POW, who has in the later stage of his life become "unstuck in time" and who experiences at will (or unwillingly) all known events of his chronology out of order and sometimes simultaneously.

Traumatized by the bombing of Dresden at the time he had been imprisoned, Pilgrim drifts through all events and history, sometimes deeply implicated, sometimes a witness. He is surrounded by Vonnegut's usual large cast of continuing characters (notably here the hack science fiction writer Kilgore Trout and the alien Tralmafadorians who oversee his life and remind him constantly that there is no causation, no order, no motive to existence).

The "unstuck" nature of Pilgrim's experience may constitute an early novelistic use of what we now call Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; then again, Pilgrim's aliens may be as "real" as Dresden is real to him. Struggling to find some purpose, order or meaning to his existence and humanity's, Pilgrim meets the beauteous and mysterious Montana Wildhack (certainly the author's best character name), has a child with her and drifts on some supernal plane, finally, in which Kilgore Trout, the Tralmafadorians, Montana Wildhack and the ruins of Dresden do not merge but rather disperse through all planes of existence.

Slaughterhouse-Five was hugely successful, brought Vonnegut an enormous audience, was a finalist for the National Book Award and a bestseller and remains four decades later as timeless and shattering a war fiction as Catch-22, with which it stands as the two signal novels of their riotous and furious decade.

Kurt Vonnegut (1922-2007) is one of the most beloved American writers of the twentieth century. Vonnegut's audience increased steadily since his first five pieces in the 1950s and grew from there. His 1968 novel Slaughterhouse-Five has become a canonic war novel with Joseph Heller's Catch-22 to form the truest and darkest of what came from World War II.

Vonnegut began his career as a science fiction writer, and his early novels--Player Piano and The Sirens of Titan--were categorized as such even as they appealed to an audience far beyond the reach of the category. In the 1960s, Vonnegut became closely associated with the Baby Boomer generation, a writer on that side, so to speak.

Now that Vonnegut's work has been studied as a large body of work, it has been more deeply understood and unified. There is a consistency to his satirical insight, humor and anger which makes his work so synergistic. It seems clear that the more of Vonnegut's work you read, the more it resonates and the more you wish to read. Scholars believe that Vonnegut's reputation (like Mark Twain's) will grow steadily through the decades as his work continues to increase in relevance and new connections are formed, new insights made.

Author Kurt Vonnegut is considered by most to be one of the most important writers of the twentieth century. His books Slaughterhouse-Five (named after Vonnegut's World War II POW experience) and Cat's Cradle are considered among his top works. RosettaBooks offers here a complete range of Vonnegut's work, including his first novel (Player Piano, 1952) for readers familiar with Vonnegut's work as well as newcomers.


February 22, 2008

New X-Ray Technique Peers Through High-Speed Dense Liquids

Standard microscopy and visible light imaging techniques cannot peer into the dark and murky centers of dense-liquid jets, which has hindered scientists in their quest for a full understanding of liquid breakup in devices such as automobile fuel injectors.

Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory have developed a technique to peer through high-speed dense liquids using high-energy X-rays from Argonne's Advanced Photon Source (APS).

Fuel injector efficiency and clean combustion is dependent on the best mixture of the fuel and air. To improve injector design, it is critical to understand how fuel is atomized as it is injected. However, standard laser characterization techniques have been unsuccessful due to the high density of the fuel jet near the injector opening. Scientists have been forced to study the fuel far away from the nozzle and extrapolate its dispersal pattern. The resulting models of breakup are highly speculative, oversimplified and often not validated by experiments.

Fezzaa and his colleagues, along with collaborators from Visteon Corp. developed a new ultrafast synchrotron X-ray full-field phase contrast imaging technique and used it to reveal instantaneous velocity and internal structure of these optically dense sprays. This work is highlighted in the Advance Online Publication of the journal Nature Physics.

A key to the experiment was taking advantage of the special properties of the X-ray beam generated at the APS. Unlike hospital x-rays, the synchrotron x-rays are a trillion times brighter and come in very short pulses with durations as little as 0.1 nanoseconds.

Ulysses, the mission to study the Sun's poles and the influence of our star on surrounding space is coming to an end. After more than 17 years in space "“ almost four times its expected lifetime "“ the mission is finally succumbing to its harsh environment and is likely to finish sometime in the next month or two.

Ulysses is a joint mission between ESA and NASA. It was launched in 1990 from a space shuttle and was the first mission to study the environment of space above and below the poles of the Sun. The reams of data Ulysses has returned have forever changed the way scientists view the Sun and its effect on the space surrounding it.

Ulysses is in a six-year orbit around the Sun. Its long path through space carries it out to Jupiter's orbit and back again. The further it ventures from the Sun, the colder the spacecraft becomes. If it drops to 2Ã‚ºC, the spacecraft's hydrazine fuel will freeze.

This has not been a problem in the past because Ulysses carries heaters to maintain a workable on-board temperature. The spacecraft is powered by the decay of a radioactive isotope and over the 17-plus years, the power it has been supplying has been steadily dropping. Now, the spacecraft no longer has enough power to run all of its communications, heating and scientific equipment simultaneously.

"ËœWe expect certain parts of the spacecraft to reach 2Ã‚ºC pretty soon," says Richard Marsden, ESA's Ulysses Project Scientist and Mission Manager. This will block the fuel pipes, making the spacecraft impossible to maneuver.

In an attempt to solve this problem, the ESA-NASA project team approved a plan to temporarily shut off the main spacecraft transmitter. This would release 60 watts of power that could be channeled to the science instruments and the heater. When data was to be transmitted back to Earth, the team planned to turn the transmitter back on. Unfortunately, during the first test of this method in January, the power supply to the radio transmitter failed to turn back on.

"The decision to switch the transmitter off was not taken lightly. It was the only way to continue the science mission," says Marsden, who is a 30-year veteran of the project, having worked on it for 12 years before the spacecraft was launched.

After many attempts, the Ulysses project team now considers it highly unlikely that the X-band transmitter will be recovered. They believe the fault can be traced to the power supply, meaning that the extra energy they hoped to gain cannot be routed to the heater and science instruments after all.

So, the spacecraft has lost its ability to send large quantities of scientific data back to Earth and is facing the gradual freezing of its fuel lines. This spells the end of this highly successful mission. "Ulysses is a terrific old workhorse. It has produced great science and lasted much longer than we ever thought it would," says Marsden. "This was going to happen in the next year or two, it has just taken place a little sooner than we hoped."

The team plan to continue operating the spacecraft in its reduced capacity for as long as they can over the next few weeks. "We will squeeze the very last drops of science out of it," says Marsden.

On the Net:

Argonne's Advanced Photon Source

Argonne X-ray Science Division

Visteon Corp.

Nature Physics

UChicago Argonne, LLC

U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science


Tempests and Slaughter – Tamora Pierce

With the Numair Cronicals, Pierce is doing what she does best, and is taking us back to school. But this time we are not learning to hit things with sticks, but Numair is learning how to practise magic. Not only Numair though, we are back with his closest friends, Osborne and Varice.

We don’t start with the fiercely competent Numair from the Daine books, but an awkward Arram Draper, who is sick when watching the gladiator games when his father comes to visit. But we follow him being escalated through the normal classes as an obviously extremely talented student.

“And magic depends on perfection,” Cosmos interputed.

I love that instead of making the teachers difficult people, for the most part Pierce makes them motivated good mentors, who share their research and work with a gifted boy, as long as he works. And work hard is what he does, what all three of them do to work out how to find their own places in the world.

How Ozorne is shaped through this period, instead of being a cruel tyrant this now becomes a tragic story arc to those of us who know its conclusion. His starting place is just to be a boy who wants his own home and a place to practice magic, and he is renowned as the boy who will never get to be emperor. He does not get the same safe supportive mentors as Draper, but instead is manipulated through his grief-stricken state.

I look forward to seeing where Pierce next takes this arc, and the Numair we know is being shaped from the boy Arram.


Recent Finding

Retirement has a causal positive effect on general health and no significant effect on depression, according to a CESR study of older workers and retirees in European countries.

Subjective Well-Being CESR research searches out the determinants of life satisfaction and well-being across nations around the world by incorporating many fields, including psychology, economics and sociology. To research well-being and happiness globally, we first correct for cultural differences in how people answer subjective questions. We survey, analyze and create economic models to understand these fascinating cross-country variations.


Kenyan immigrant joined Marine Corps after being saved from plane crash, traveling world

1st Marine Division
Story by Sgt. Jacob Harrer

Date: 05.25.2012
Posted: 05.25.2012 16:24
News ID: 89028

MARINE CORPS BASE CAMP PENDLETON, Calif. – He was only 15 years old when his plane was shot down over the Somalian desert. He went unconscious and awoke to a firefight between his father and 15 militants.

Douglas O. Ongiyo often travelled with his father, Maurice, who served in a diplomatic position as a brigadier and defense attaché in the Kenyan Army. Relations between Kenya and Somalia had been sour. Tribal militia, known as Janjaweed, roamed the country. They fired at the plane with an anti-aircraft gun, which forced a crash landing, said Ongiyo.

The pilot died in the crash. Bullets whizzed overhead during the gunfight, and AK-47s rattled off rounds. Before he blacked out, Ongiyo saw Humvees arrive.

Ongiyo awoke on a ship. The first thing he saw was a name tag with “U.S. Marines” written on it. The man in desert camouflage led him to a body bag, where he identified the remains of his father.

“I was in shock,” Ongiyo explained. “I thought he was asleep. The worst thing was thinking I had to explain it to my Mom. I wasn’t supposed to be there. She didn’t know.”

Over the next few days, the Marines prepared the body for burial, dressing his father in full dress uniform before flying them both to Kenya for the funeral.

“To show that kind of respect for him was a life altering event,” said Ongiyo. “I stopped being superficial. I saw people for who they are, not what they’re worth.”

Because his father served as a defense attaché, Ongiyo lived in many places in the world, including Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, and Russia, where he was born. He also traveled through every nation in Africa, and through his travels learned nine languages, including English, Swahili, Russian, Arabic, German, Luo, Creole, Kikuyu, and Luhya.

While living in Kenya, Ongiyo played for the Kenyan national rugby team and began his college studies at Egerton University in Nakuru, Kenya. He enrolled in a transfer program that allowed him to begin his degree in Kenya and transfer to a U.S. university to finish his major. Ongiyo majored in Aeronautical Engineering and graduated from Western Michigan University in 2008.

Though he had the ability to pursue a career in engineering, Ongiyo chose to enlist in the Marine Corps as a financial management resource analyst. He never forgot how the Marines had taken care of his family when he was in need, and he wanted to have the self-discipline and respect of being a United States Marine.

“I feel like I owe the Marine Corps my life, and I’m just trying to pay them back,” Ongiyo explained.

Onigyo said he also wanted to continue his family legacy of military service. His older brother currently serves as a major in the Kenyan Army, and his older sister is a captain in the British Royal Marines. Their example inspired him to do well in recruit training.

“I saw them both get through it, so I was mentally prepared for it,” said Ongiyo. “I got a sense of pride. I felt a sense of accomplishment. I was serving a greater purpose.”

Now a 27-year-old lance corporal in the Marine Corps, Ongiyo brings a wealth of knowledge and experience with him, as well as a deep-rooted appreciation for the opportunity to serve a higher purpose as a Marine, he said.

“I feel like he is almost distinguished,” said Lance Cpl. Paul C. Bacus, a legal services specialist with Headquarters Battalion, 1st Marine Division. “He can joke around, but at the same time he’s very proper about the way he speaks. He has a lot of knowledge of just about everything.”

Ongiyo is easily spotted by his thick Kenyan accent and dark skin. He hardly raises his voice and speaks calmly. During a recent field exercise with Headquarters Battalion, 1st Marine Division, groups of Marines often gathered around him as he spoke in depth about a variety of topics, including foreign policy, history, physics, and the biomechanics of running. He said his fitness score was merely decent, though he runs three miles in less than eighteen minutes.

Ongiyo said he plans to stay in the Marines Corps, as he enjoys the sense of pride and service that he gets each day from wearing the uniform.


Flower Child

Definition - What does Flower Child mean?

A “flower child” is someone who may also be described as a “hippie”, and is generally someone who advocates peace over war, urges others to love each other, and seeks non-aggressive solutions to problems in the world. The term flower child is often related to marijuana usage as well, due to the hippie connection.

The term “flower child” originated in the late 1960s and was used to describe specific hippies who wore flowers during their antiwar protests. The first known use of the phrase was in 1967. Today, a flower child is anyone who advocates for love and respect between the peoples of the world, and who follows hippie-like teachings.

Hydrolife explains Flower Child

Originally, a flower child would not only wear flowers, but would give them as gifts in a form of peaceful protest. There are many examples found in media from the 1960s and 1970s during the turmoil of the Vietnam War that show this concept in action.

Flower child also refers to those who celebrated the Summer of Love in 1967. An estimated 100,000 young people arrived in the San Francisco Bay area that summer to search for new value systems and learn about other cultures. They took those lessons away with them when they returned to their homes.

Of course, the term flower child has strong connections with marijuana culture, mostly due to the prevalent use and promotion of marijuana during the 1960s by those in various counterculture movements. However, one does not necessarily have to be an antiwar activist in order to appreciate the many benefits of marijuana, from relaxation to medicinal.

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American Bar Association
Media Alerts
Media Alerts - Bishop v. Smith- 10th Circuit
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August 4, 2014
  Bishop v. Smith- 10th Circuit
Case Name: Bishop v. Smith -- 10th Circuit

Headline: Tenth Circuit upholds district court decision declaring Oklahoma state constitution prohibition on same-sex marriage unenforceable

Areas of Law: Constitutional Law

Issue Presented:

Is the State of Oklahoma's ban on same-sex marriage licenses unconstitutional?

Brief Summary:

The Tenth Circuit affirmed the Northern District of Oklahoma's ruling that Oklahoma's same-sex marriage ban was unconstitutional, using the court's previous decision in Kitchen v. Herbert. The court found that the plaintiffs had standing to challenge the laws, and that the Tulsa County Court Clerk was a proper defendant. The plaintiff's non-recognition claim, however, was not properly preserved for appeal.

Extended Summary:

The majority addressed the issue of standing prior to discussing the facts or the merits of the case. First, defendants challenged whether state constitutional provisions can be attacked without also challenging similar state statutes. Second, defendants challenged whether the Court Clerk is a proper defendant for the non-recognition aspect of the case. The majority concluded that state constitutional amendments subsume all existing state laws in Oklahoma. Therefore, an injunction against the constitutional provision would provide relief for the claimed injury. With respect to the second issue, the court held that because the Tulsa County Court Clerk does not have the power to redress the non-recognition issue, plaintiffs Gay Phillips and Susan Barton do not have standing to sue.

The majority noted that its ruling from Kitchen v. Herbert, 2014 U.S. App. LEXIS 11935 (10th Cir. June 25, 2014) controls the outcome of the case. The majority noted its holdings from that decision:

Using this criteria, the Court affirmed the district court's decision.

Plaintiffs Bishop and Baldwin sought a marriage license from the Tulsa County Court Clerk in February 2009 and were denied because they were of the same gender. Bishop and Baldwin alleged that they had to pay $1,300 in legal fees for power of attorney and health care proxy procedures because of their inability to marry. Additionally, they alleged that their inability to marry tells others that their relationship should not be respected. Plaintiffs Bishop and Barton took part in a civil union in Vermont in 2001, were married in Canada in 2005, and were married again in California in 2008. Oklahoma, however, refused to recognize their marriage. Bishop and Barton also alleged that they suffered tax consequences as a result of the Defense of Marriage Act ("DOMA").

Plaintiffs filed suit against the Oklahoma Governor and Attorney General in 2004 challenging State Question 711 (SQ 711), which bans the marriage or recognition of a marriage between a same-sex couple. Plaintiffs also named the United States President and Attorney General in their challenge to DOMA. The district court denied the Governor and State Attorney General's motion to dismiss in 2006. On appeal, the Tenth Circuit stated that the Plaintiffs did not have standing to sue because the recognition of marriages in Oklahoma was within the purview of the judiciary, not the executive branch. Plaintiffs then filed an amended complaint, naming Sally Howe-Smith as the defendant in her official capacity as Court Clerk for Tulsa County.

In 2011, the United States stated that it would not defend DOMA on the merits. Instead, the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group intervened to defend the law. At summary judgment, Howe-Smith filed an affidavit stating that she had no power to recognize a marriage license issued in another state regardless of whether the couple were a same-sex or opposite-sex couple.

After U.S. v. Windsor, 133 S. Ct. 2675 (2013), was issued, the district court held that Plaintiffs Phillips and Barton lacked standing to challenge DOMA because state law, not federal law resulted in the non-recognition of their marriage; that any challenge to Section 3 of DOMA was moot under Windsor; that Phillips and Barton lacked standing to challenge the non-recognition part of the Oklahoma amendment because Smith was not involved in the recognition of marriages; and that Part A of SQ 711 violated the Equal Protection Clause, permanently enjoining it. The injunction was stayed pending appeal.

Howe-Smith asserted that Bishop and Baldwin lacked standing to bring the suit because they did not challenge a state statute that bars same-sex couples from marrying, thus failing to establish redressability. Howe-Smith relied on White v. U.S., 601 F.3d 545 (6th Cir. 2010), where a group of plaintiffs challenged the Animal Welfare Act. The plaintiffs alleged that they had suffered economic injury as a result of the Act, but the court found that the plaintiffs lacked standing because all fifty states and the District of Colombia banned cockfighting, so the plaintiffs' injuries would not have been redressed. Howe-Smith also relied on a number of sign ordinance cases.

The majority held that the cases relied on by Howe-Smith were distinguishable, because the Oklahoma statute banning same-sex marriage was not independently enforceable from SQ 711. SQ 711, the majority held, took the place of the state statute.

Next, Howe-Smith argued that the Supreme Court's summary dismissal in Baker v. Nelson, 409 U.S. 810 (1972), is controlling because lower federal courts may not reject on-point summary dismissals regardless of doctrinal developments. The majority noted, however, that in Hicks v. Miranda, 422 U.S. 332 (1975), lower federal courts could reject a summary dismissal if doctrinal developments indicated that the decision is no longer controlling.

Howe-Smith then raised the argument that children have an interest in being raised by their biological parents, and that serving this interest is a compelling governmental goal. The majority responded by noting that banning same-sex marriage is not narrowly tailored to meet that goal. The majority noted several Oklahoma statutes that allow children to be raised by people other than their biological parents, including egg and sperm donation laws, human embryo transfer laws, and adoption laws. Furthermore, it noted that Oklahoma allows infertile opposite-sex couples to marry, even though they may raise non-biological children. The majority found that the law was both under-inclusive of couples who will raise children that are not their biological children, and over-inclusive of same-sex couples that have the fundamental right to choose not to raise children.

The majority then addressed a law of the case issue where, in Bishop v. Okla. ex rel. Edmonson, 333 F.App'x 361 (2009) (unpublished) ("Bishop I"), the court found that neither the Barton nor the Bishop couple had standing to bring the lawsuit because they could not prove redressability because the Governor and the Attorney General were not proper defendants. The majority noted that this conclusion did not necessarily become law of the case, because it could have been dicta, it could have dealt only with an older marriage of the Barton couple, or that, as a jurisdictional issue, it was not subject to law of the case. However, the majority found none of these reasons persuasive.

Applying the law of the case doctrine, the court determined that Bishop I did not require standing to sue on the non-recognition claim brought by the plaintiffs. Three exceptions apply to the law of the case - "(1) when new evidence emerges; (2) when intervening law undermines the original decision; and (3) when the prior ruling was clearly erroneous and would, if followed, create a manifest injustice." (Citations omitted.)

The majority stated that the first exception was the most applicable because Howe-Smith did not explain the "manifest injustice" required for the third exception on which she wished to rely. Additionally, the affidavit that she relied on to make her law of the case argument was not given to the court until after Bishop I was decided. The majority explained that the affidavit could properly be considered new evidence. However, the new evidence demonstrated that the Barton couple lacked standing to challenge the non-recognition aspect of the law. The majority considered and rejected a number of counter-arguments to their position.

Plaintiffs then attempted to establish standing by stating that Howe-Smith has "shut the courthouse doors" on them, and that an injunction against the non-recognition aspect of SQ 711 would redress this injury. Plaintiffs' failure to challenge the law on that ground, rather than on equal protection and due process grounds deprived the district court of the opportunity to evaluate standing on that claim. The majority found that the non-recognition challenge was properly dismissed.

Finally, the court addressed Plaintiffs' assertion that the non-recognition claim should be struck down under severability law regardless of standing. The majority concluded that this argument was not properly preserved for appeal, and that no sufficient reason for overlooking that lack of preservation was presented.

Judge Holmes issued a concurring opinion. Although Judge Holmes fully endorsed the reasoning of the majority, he wrote a concurrence to comment on the district court's decision not to rely upon animus doctrine in striking down SQ 711, noting that several district court opinions from other jurisdictions have done so. Judge Holmes reviewed what animus is, how it is found, and what a court must do if it is found. Judge Holmes concluded that applying the animus doctrine was inappropriate because the law was not broadly sweeping, and could not be considered unusual.

Judge Kelly concurred in part and dissented in part. Judge Kelly concurred that the Barton couple lacked standing to challenge the non-recognition provision, but disagreed with the majority on whether the law of the case doctrine applied. Additionally, Judge Kelly dissented that the plaintiffs had standing because they did not challenge the state statutes in addition to the constitutional provisions, and would have dismissed the appeal without reaching the merits of the case. On the merits, Judge Kelly disagreed with the majority and would have concluded that rational basis review applied and would have upheld Oklahoma's definition of marriage, using the same analysis he used in his dissent in Kitchen.

To read the full opinion, please visit:

Panel: Kelly, Lucero, Holmes

Date of Issued Opinion: July 18, 2014

Docket Numbers:
14-5003 & 14-5006

Decided: The District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma was affirmed, but a stay was issued pending any potential writ of certiorari.

James A. Campbell, Alliance Defending Freedom, Scottsdale, Arizona (Byron J. Babione and David Austin R. Nimocks, Alliance Defending Freedom, Scottsdale, Arizona, and John David Luton, Assistant District Attorney, District Attorney's Office, Tulsa, Oklahoma, with him on the briefs), for Defendant - Appellant/Cross-Appellee.

Don G. Holladay, Holladay & Chilton PLLC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (James E.Warner III, Holladay & Chilton PLLC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and Joseph T. Thai, Norman, Oklahoma, with him on the briefs), for Plaintiffs Appellees/Cross-Appellants.*

Author: Lucero

Case Alert Author: Ashley L. Funkhouser

Case Alert Circuit Supervisor: Barbara Bergman

    Posted By: Dawinder Sidhu @ 08/04/2014 09:25 PM     10th Circuit

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Apollo the sun god

apollo the sun god

Apollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. The ideal of the kouros (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of music, truth and prophecy, healing, the sun and light,   Leto ·  Asclepius ·  Orpheus ·  Apollo (disambiguation). Apollo was the son of Zeus and Leto, twin brother of Artemis. daily tasks was to harness his four-horse chariot, in order to move the Sun across the sky. Apollo was an oracular god, as he was the prophetic deity in the Oracle in Delphi.  Artemis ·  Leto ·  Apollo Pictures ·  Asclepius. Learn about Apollo, a very popular Greek and Roman god, his passions, gifts to mankind, and association with the sun.

Apollo God of the Sun The etymology of the name is uncertain. All Titles Spielen ohne schuhe Episodes Names Companies Keywords Characters Quotes Bios Plots. The contest was judged by the Muses. See also PlutarchPythian Oracle Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment.

Wir: Apollo the sun god

CASINO UND DINNER BADEN Thero Chaeron UraniaMuse Linus possibly Urea, daughter of Poseidon Ileus Oileus? Apollo and the Furies argue about whether the matricide was justified; Apollo holds that the bond of marriage is sacred and Orestes icc cricket twenty20 avenging his father, whereas the Erinyes say that the bond of blood between mother and son is more meaningful than the bond of marriage. The naked bodies of the statues are associated with the cult of the body that was essentially a religious activity. Apollo had many encounters but no formal marriages. In this interpretation, Apollo's title of Lykegenes can simply be read as "born in Lycia", which effectively severs the god's supposed link with wolves possibly a folk etymology.
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