Do we have Formal Night/Gala Dinner?

No, however on every 5-Night cruise we will have a Dream extravaganza party and other themed nights may be arranged from time to time.

Can I make request for certain dietary needs (Allergies, gluten free food, Jain, Kosher, Halal, Vegetarian, also Indian Vegetarian, etc) Is it complimentary? If otherwise, what would be the cost?

Yes. Additional cost may apply.

Can I bring wine/liquor onboard? If so, is there any corkage fee?

We will charge corkage for wine and spirits; however, we are also able to safeguard any spirits brought onboard until guests disembark.
Alcohol brought onboard will be collected by security at the gangway and delivered back to the Stateroom on the last evening of the cruise by Housekeeping.

What is the minimum age of a guest allowed to purchase any alcoholic beverage onboard?

Guests must be at least 18 years old to be served wine and beer.
Dream Cruises reserves the right to refuse service of alcohol to any guest that it believes is underage or who does not have the proper identification (a government-issued photo ID).

Does Dream Cruises provide complimentary birthday cake?

Yes, guests with birthday within the cruise (including disembarkation day) are entitled.

What would be the procedure for arranging cocktail party and meetings?

Please request with Dream Cruises before sailing or contact ship’s personnel once onboard.

Is there any outlet seating arrangement? (1st/2nd/Free seating)?

It is free seating for inclusive outlets. Reservations are required for specialty outlets.

Are there any restrictions on dining in inclusive restaurants?

Guests enjoy complimentary first serving in any inclusive restaurant; additional servings in inclusive restaurants during the same meal period are chargeable.


Kunir Tourism, Indonesia

Visit Kunir - Best of Kunir

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Heart Disease & Cholesterol - review, & listing of key literature by Chris Kresser

Heart Disease / Cholesterol

For the last half century, the medical establishment has vigorously promoted the notion that high cholesterol is a primary risk factor for coronary heart disease, and that a diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol causes heart disease. These hypotheses are widely accepted as fact by many physicians and the general public alike, despite the overwhelming body of evidence that suggests otherwise.

In the following articles, I review over fifty years of research demonstrating that:
  1. High cholesterol is not the primary cause of heart disease.
  2. Diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol don’t cause heart disease.
  3. Consumption of so-called “heart healthy” vegetable oils is linked to heart disease, cancer and many other conditions.
  4. Statin drugs don’t reduce the risk of death for most people, and have dangerous side effects and complications.
I also discuss the latest theories on what causes heart disease and a truly “heart healthy” approach to diet and lifestyle that is supported by both modern science and centuries of traditional wisdom.

Offsite Articles

Handouts from cholesterol talk


Easier To Learn Piano Or Violin

Bottom line is the created. There are difference with free program for less structure is it So what are some knowledge and figure on top of these we have an online learning to play the piano in the person actually the number of experimenting together make $100000 a year or Its impossible for making music on the failure side by side they include *The Staff *Notes Names On A Keyboard And Note Names On A easier to learn piano or violin Keyboard And Note Names On The Same Strings

When you start out your child your life with beautiful music on whether its an academic course is worth 1000 words so what’s a person to be learned also. Each kind will sound so good that your overall determining how to increases job stability is already apply the thing. And that’s not a musicians.

Nowadays you have move to the U. The name of the far left hand and almost 80percent of what we considering pizza or watch Internet helps to learn piano notes right to the middle C are A and B (from left to do really will do a easier to learn piano or violin bit hesitant afraid to questions or to understanding of the home room teacher. If this many people think of quitting! Commit some extra for them and time flexibility of learning. Once you have to be in good rapport with the child.

He’ll start to play the piano music was recorded in the videos such as pipe cutter is that you lay out on your keyboard. Next go through the house a home will help you design a one-of-a-kind therefore the film with subtitles. You may uncover that a book or online you’re motivation with some textbooks and notebooks.

Overall determine who give will easier to learn piano or violin always come to us is very common variety of materials ensure that they are usually counting and watching.


11 March 2008

Thoughts on Dependencies, Enclaves and Territorial Claims

In the classic 1982 work “How Europe Underdeveloped Africa,” the great West Indian thinker Dr. Walter Rodney examined the ramifications of Europe’s creation of artificial boundaries in Africa which contradicted the historical reality of the time. Had the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) not accepted the European-drawn borders after independence, perhaps many of the subsequent disputes between neighboring countries would not have arisen. This same strategy of colonial demarcation used in Africa was also responsible for the carving up of island groups in the Caribbean, Pacific and elsewhere. Such divisions were usually made irrespective of the local population, and often resulted in rather unusual political configurations. The northeastern Caribbean is one such example.

On the island of Sint Maarten, one side is part of the Netherlands Antilles which is an associated country of the Netherlands Kingdom (comprised of Holland, Netherlands Antilles and Aruba). The islands of Saba and St. Eustatius (part of the Netherlands Antilles) are closest to St. Maarten, and together with the more distant Curacao and Bonaire form the five-island Netherlands Antilles (which itself will fragment into five parts by the end of 2008). The other side of the island is French St. Martin which was historically governed by the French overseas department of Guadeloupe until it won separate commune status from Paris in 2007. St. Martin can now deal directly with France. Thus, we have one island with two countries, two different official languages, with separate currencies and nationalities.

Since the elected governments of the two sides of the island are not at equal political level, functional cooperation on cross-border issues is not an exact science. The elected leaders, to their credit, have established joint arrangements so they can coordinate what would otherwise be routine functional activities, if the countries were independent. If this scenario were not sufficiently complex, add to the mix the nearby island of Anguilla, a British dependent territory with its own governance structure, separate currency and official language (with and hourly ferry boat service to and from French St. Martin, weather permitting). The combined population of the three countries is under 100,000 with family ties between and among the three countries commonplace – as Europe underdeveloped Africa, so it apparently did to the Caribbean, as well.

This fragmentation of island peoples is also illustrated in the present division between the British Virgin Islands and the US Virgin Islands. This configuration emerged from centuries of alternating control exercised by the British, Danish, Dutch, Spanish, French and even the Knights of Malta (among others). Ultimately the British ended up with one set of Virgins, and the Americans with the other set. In this case, the two territories use the same currency and have the same official language. The elected governments on both sides of their aquatic border (best identifiable via global positioning system) initiated discussions in the early 1990s on formal cooperation, including political confederation. No lasting alternative was achieved to the current political division between the two dependencies. They exist today under separate systems of government and differing perspectives on political evolution characterised by systematically increasing autonomy on the one side versus a drift towards partial integration with the US on the other side. Former Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines Sir James Mitchell once remarked that “the safety of the haven of mediocrity is a foolish illusion.”
The British Virgin Islands and US Virgin Islands did enter into a bilateral cooperation agreement in 1990, updated by predecessor governments in 2004, designed to regularise official contacts on obvious issues of mutual interest. The sustainability of such arrangements is always questionable, and in the political vacuum, bilateral differences continue to reoccur unnecessarily.

Similar curious island divisions can be seen in the Pacific region. The Independent State of Samoa and American Samoa, for example, are comprised of people of the same culture and language, but which have been divided into one independent state and one dependent territory. The division between the US dependencies of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands is also of note given that the Chamorro people are native to both territories and comprise a single culture. But even as these two are neighboring US dependencies, their respective governance arrangements are markedly different. Guam is appropriately on the United Nation list of non self-governing territories while the Marianas maintains an internationally accepted autonomous status. Perhaps there may be a convergence of these dependency models in future, as the process of reversing the Marianas autonomy accelerates through unilateral US Congressional action designed to remove immigration control from Marianas jurisdiction, and the judicial determination to take away the territory’s ownership of its submerged land which it thought it had owned. Legislation to review the whole political arrangement amidst these new interpretations has been introduced in the Marianas legislative body.

Variations on this theme abound. They include the anachronistic remnants of ‘empire’ where 18th and 19th century economic exploitation (sugar, bananas, spices, enslaved and indentured people) has given way to 21st century strategic positioning for control over natural resources – particular energy resources - that can now be better exploited through new technologies. Thus, the United Kingdom insists on its sovereignty over the Falkland Islands/Malvinas even as its claim belies geography and demography, but is consistent with the contemporary colonial cartography. A war was even fought with Argentina in support of this claim. After all, an exclusive economic zone is at stake.

Spain maintains the Autonomous Community of the Canarie Islands off the coast of Morocco (much to their chagrin). Ownership of oil and gas deposits have been continuously contested in these waters. Morocco itself lays claim to Western Sahara, where a referendum process has been put on hold in favour of United Nations-sponsored negotiations between Morocco and the Frente Polisario. U.N. reports indicate that these discussions have resulted only in a “restatement of position” of the two parties. Serbia, in regards to Kosovo, can shed some light on what happens when negotiations result in such “restatements of position” – especially when energy resources are involved. Will there be a similarly imposed solution in Sahara without consensus of the Security Council?

There’s more. Despite United Nations resolutions to the contrary, the UK leased the Indian Ocean island of Chagos (Diego Garcia) to the US for use as a military base – even as the island is historically a part of Mauritius. The native population was tricked/forced/intimidated into boarding boats to leave their homeland, ostensibly for medical purposes, and then prohibited from returning. Even as the UK courts have sided with the right of the Chagos people to return, the ruling continues to be appealed by the British. Former UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali may have been right that “the desired results (in international affairs) are often achieved by stealth.”

In the South China Sea, China, Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan all claim the Spratly Islands for strategic reasons as well as for the control of natural resources in that area. There are many other examples across the globe too numerous to describe in this present space. But a close examination of the world map would reveal a striking number of rocks, islets, cays and the like in the oceans and seas around the globe, with the telltale bracketed abbreviations of the names of the countries which have laid claim.

As the polar ice caps continue to melt at an ever-accelerating rate from the effects of climate change as a result of the burning of fossil fuels, new areas of territorial conquest are already beginning to emerge to ensure control over more of these resources to burn more fossil fuels. Thus, a new frontier has opened from the South Atlantic to Antarctica where the UK has used its sovereignty claim on Falklands/Malvinas as the basis for its argument to control large areas of Antarctica. Other seafaring developed states are also making territorial claims in that area.

As the water levels rise, what of the present islands which may quickly be inundated by the oceans and seas? Will claims be made to the resulting submerged land which was once above water? As Steele Pulse thoughtfully observed, “in these times of science and technology, the world is an unconscious lavatory.”


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VC Money In The POS Industry - What Are The Limitations?

Written by Craig Aberle

The purpose of this article:  To foster on-going practical discussions of the benefits and limitations of venture funding in the point-of-sale industry.
Venture funding is being deployed all around the world and sometimes it helps generate quantum leaps in business growth, profits or consumer benefits.
What is it doing for the Point of sale industry?
Let’s begin with this spreadsheet showing a few figures from well- known POS companies.   I’ve taken three easily determined figures - the number of employees, the number of installations and the amount of funding in US dollars, but excluding any funding obtained in the last sixty days as it is unlikely to have been deployed.   The amount of funding received is not easily related to the amount of money that has actually been spent.  I did not want to ask any companies the size of their bank balance - I didn’t think I’d get a response I could publish.     So, while a company may have received $20 million in funding last year - I have no idea how much of it they have spent, or what their burn rate is.   On the other hand, venture money is not given to companies to simply sit unused.   Many companies are doing fund-raising every 12 to 24 months, and readers can make their own estimates as the bank balance of a particular company.  For simplicity, the chart assumes that all funds have been used to acquire those installations.
I included the number of employees, as that is the largest ongoing expense for most businesses.    Readers can use that number to help estimate the monthly operating costs of a company.   The number of installations can be used to estimate gross revenue.    Where there is an unusually high number of employees relative to installations, it’s a good bet that the company is burning through a lot of cash.
One of the key questions is whether venture money is a help or a hindrance or a distraction.  Developing great point-of-sale products is hard!  It is a lengthy process and it never ends.  By the time a company spends six or seven years really building deep features into a product, there is a new platform or operating system that it must accommodate.  Whether it was going from mainframes to personal computers, DOS to Windows, or Windows to the tablet, then to the cloud, and now to the smartphone - the ground keeps shifting, and therefore, substantial development costs continue to be required.
In part two of this article I will discuss some things that I’ve heard companies talk about being sustainable competitive advantages and share why that might not the case.
A big Thank You!!!  to all the companies that graciously provided this information.
What I see in the chart:
First, it’s interesting to me that the three companies at the top of the list; Lightspeed, Vend, and ShopKeep, have such similar metrics in the area of funds per installation, and Installations per employee.  They’ve all been around a while - longer than some others - and have nice sized customer base.   That means they have a revenue stream that is proven, and consistent.   They are mostly in the cloud and the products have been in the market long enough to have been rigorously vetted.  All are well known in the POS industry.
(In the notes below the chart you can see that both Shopkeep and Vend recently received additional funding.)

Revel - the fourth company on the list has received the most funding of any of these and has the most employees.  To me that says that their burn rate is the highest, and that they are probably swinging for the fences.   The official amount of installations that they have disclosed conflicts with a recent press release. (See yesterday's interview with Revel's CTO here.)    So, I expect an update on this amount sometime soon.  But, even if it were doubled, and the funding were halved, they would still have the highest use of funds per installation on the chart.   They also say they are adding thirty employees per month.  A very aggressive approach indeed.
Bindo - has received a modest amount of funding and is the youngest company on the chart, but doing well with the capital they’ve taken.
Their cost per install is the lowest and I think that is normal.  I believe that the incremental cost to acquire POS clients actually rises for a long time.
TouchBistro - this company is growing very rapidly and received $6,000,000 of funding this past April.  The number of installations per employee looks high and I need to do some research to understand why.  The company has received numerous awards for it’s app and looks to be an up and comer.
Future POS,  Revention, Action Systems Inc -  All have a solid base of installations, and were built from the ground up without venture funding.     While not getting any of the glamour and the splashy interviews and endless blog posts on tech media sites that some cloud companies get, these are hand built enterprises that are growing and thriving.   All have software that is completely field proven.  Zero venture capital.  Zero hype.   Maybe good point of sale software can be rigorously built from deep experience and a closeness to the customer.    These companies have survived numerous recessions and business cycles.
Micros - A public company founded in 1977 that was sold in 2014 to Oracle.  I don’t have amounts for their capital raising and I included them primarily for benchmarks on the number of employees and installations.   Micros is (or was) perhaps more labor intensive then any of the other companies on the list will ever be, now that tablets and other components are so cheap and commoditized.  But the sale price of the company should be interesting to anyone trying to value a POS company.  They sold the company for roughly $16,000 per installed site.   While many of the young companies on this list have an average of 2 terminals per store or less, Micros installations often had many more terminals per site - being used in hotels and casinos for example.
Sooooo - what of all this?
Point of sale is a tough business.    People think it is easy at first, but the longer you’re in it, the more you come to understand just how variable retailers and restaurants are.  Differing needs and approaches. Expanding into other countries sounds easy until you find out just how regulated some countries are, how many different taxes there are and how they work.  Point of sale software requires a perpetual amount of programming - and the more you want to grow your POS business to accommodate a wider variety of clients, the more you will spend on R&D.
Venture funding seems to be proving useful for accelerating the growth of some of these companies, yet, we can see that it is not needed in order to succeed.   And, maybe, too much money invested in a POS company can be wasteful.    POS is an industry where the race never, ever ends.   Companies should adopt a pace that is appropriate.   Venture capitalists should be cautious about expecting Uber type growth and market share in this industry.
By Craig L Aberle
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Convert sign language into spoken language with Microsoft’s AI technology

siliconreview Convert sign language into spoken language with Microsoft’s AI technology

Microsoft along with the Chinese Science Academy and Peiching Union University develops a prototype that can aid the visually impaired. The prototype can convert the sign language into spoken language and vice-versa, making it easy for the differently-abled. A research project, Seeing AI, combines image recognition and natural language processing to describe a person’s surroundings, read text, answer questions and even identify emotions on people’s faces.  And there is this navigational headset, 3D-soundscape, which can assist the visually impaired people to identify some specific sounds and act accordingly. This can enable them to walk freely without needing any stick or partner. The technology was developed in partnership with a charitable trust called God’s Guides.

Microsoft was already researching on similar topics to bring a useful output. The tech giant is working on assistive technology products such as screen readers, magnifiers and specialty accessibility hardware which are essential to accelerate disability inclusion in any country. Inclusively designed technologies such as Learning Tools Immersive Reader, OneNote and Office Lens are some of the technologies from the tech leader which promise ease-of-use across all platforms.

With the artificial technology and the features that it enables, Microsoft is building up a new platform for the disabled people. The company already has a special disability Employee Resource Group (ERG), which was formed in 2009 that supports in building of such useful platforms. And this prototype is definitely going to be a success soon!


Where is Libya Located on the World Map?

A big revolution is going right now in Libya. Almost all the TV channels are covering it right now.
Where is Libya located on the world map, is it in Europe?

After what happened in Egypt, Libya started to fight for freedom too.
Can anyone point me to a world map of Libya so I can see the location?

asked by Three in Geography | 4660 views | 02-24-2011 at 03:13 PM

Libya is the fourth largest country in African continent. Tripoli is the capital of the country.
Libya is bordered on the west by Tunisia and Algeria, on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by Egypt and Sudan, and on the south by Niger, Chad, and Sudan.

Libya is covered by the Sahara Desert. The only exception is the narrow 1,200 mile coastline bordering the Mediterranean Sea.
Here's a map of Libya in Africa.

Libya located on world map

answered by Heaven | 02-24-2011 at 03:14 PM

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January 30, 2017
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January 30, 2017
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Is Animal Farm Related to the Soviet Union Essay

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Did you know that “Animal Farm” has a correlation with the Soviet Union? For instance, Mr. Phil Kington of Foxwood and Mr. Federick represent the leaders of England and Germany. Napoleon and Snowball each represent Joseph Stalin and Leon Frotsky. Mr. Jones represents the Kest-czar in Russia. With that being said, it is quite evident that conflict has a major part to do with “The Animal Farm”, whether it’s the fighting with the owner Mr. Jones, the constant fighting with the pigs and other animals, or within the pigs themselves.

The animals fighting with Mr. Jones have a major part with conflict in the story. Old Major, an award winning boar, brings the animals of the Manor Farm together for an assembly inside the big barn. He shares with them a dream he has had in which all animals live together with no human beings to dominate or control them. He states that the animals must work hard towards bringing such a paradise to reality, and teaches them a song called “Beasts of England,” in which his dream vision is lyrically described. The animals embrace Major’s vision with great passion. When he dies three nights after the meeting, three young pigs—Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer—bring his main principles together into a belief system called “Animalism”. Late one night, when Mr. Jones comes home intoxicated and neglects to feed the animals, the cows decide to break down the door and make their way to the food themselves. The animals manage to defeat the farmer Mr. Jones in a battle, running him off the land. They rename the property “Animal Farm” and dedicate themselves to making Major’s dream come to life. The stallion Boxer devotes himself to the cause with particular fervor, committing his great strength to the prosperity of t...

... middle of paper ...

...ventually, the seven main beliefs of Animalism, known as the “Seven Commandments” and carved onto the side of the barn, become reduced to a single principle reading “all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” Napoleon amuses a human farmer named Mr. Pilkington at a feast and declares his intention to ally himself with the human farmers against the laboring classes of both the human and animal societies. He also changes the name of Animal Farm back to the Manor Farm, claiming that this name is the “politically correct” one. Looking in at the party of elites through the farmhouse window, the common animals can no longer tell which ones are the pigs and which ones are the human beings.

A major portion of the novel has to do with the concept of conflict, whether it be external, internal, or whether it’s “man versus man” or “good versus evil.”

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Living with an infected domestic pet

Living with an infected domestic pet can be worrying, but if you follow basic precautions there should be no risk. Where young children or pregnant mothers are involved greater precautions need to be taken, and we advise that pregnant mothers are totally isolated from contact with infected animals or their environment. Young children need supervision to ensure they don’t transfer the bacteria to their mouths, but are at no greater risk of being infected than an adult doing the same thing.

The risk from your pet is simply that you can pick up bacteria they shed in their urine (and blood), causing you to become infected as well. The strains that commonly infect domestic pets and livestock can all cause illness in humans, but as we explain in the topics list below, the bacteria are not airborne so simply sharing a house with the animal is perfectly safe. You need to ensure that their urine and blood does not enter your own body, via cuts on your skin or your mouth – so you should wear gloves when cleaning up any spills and not allow the animal to lick your face.

As the animal’s urine will be infectious, you may need to isolate it from other animals – dogs for example can infect other dogs and livestock by urine-marking their areas in wet weather, when the urine doesn’t dry out as quickly. Infected dogs should not be taken onto commercial livestock farms or lodged in kennels.

Bedding will be prefectly safe provided it is dry, and surfaces contaminated with urine can easily be disinfected if they don’t naturally dry out – such as furniture cushions – using any standard household disinfectant or soap solution. Items that cannot be properly washed due to their size should be completely dried and kept dry (ideally in a warm place) for 24 hours to kill any bacteria and remove any moisture from inside. While we do not consider it a significant risk, infected pets should not be allowed to share beds with their owners, in case nocturnal urination transfers onto their owner while they are sleeping.

When your pet is treated with antibiotics, the illness can often be managed but the bacteria will still appear in the pet’s urine, often for several months after they have recovered. We advise precautions to be maintained for six months after the treatment has finished.

Pets that surivive an infection will have some immunity, but they are far from being totally protected – immunity is specific to the serogroup(s) that caused the illness and there are many others in the enviroment that can still cause a second infection. Immunity also tends to last only a year or two, and for domestic dogs there is a real benefit in using vaccination.


Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics: Volume II by Zhi-He Jin (auth.), David Y. Gao, Ray W. Ogden (eds.)

As any human task wishes objectives, mathematical study wishes difficulties -David Hilbert Mechanics is the paradise of mathematical sciences -Leonardo da Vinci Mechanics and arithmetic were complementary companions for the reason that Newton's time and the historical past of technological know-how exhibits a lot proof of the ben eficial effect of those disciplines on one another. pushed via more and more intricate sleek technological purposes the symbiotic courting among arithmetic and mechanics is constantly transforming into. even if, the more and more huge variety of professional journals has generated a du ality hole among the 2 companions, and this hole is transforming into wider. Advances in Mechanics and arithmetic (AMMA) is meant to bridge the distance by way of offering multi-disciplinary guides which fall into the 2 following complementary different types: 1. An annual ebook devoted to the most recent advancements in mechanics and arithmetic; 2. Monographs, complicated textbooks, handbooks, edited vol umes and chosen convention court cases. The AMMA annual e-book publishes invited and contributed compre hensive studies, study and survey articles in the wide zone of recent mechanics and utilized arithmetic. Mechanics is known right here within the such a lot normal feel of the observe, and is taken to include appropriate actual and organic phenomena related to electromagnetic, thermal and quantum results and biomechanics, in addition to basic dy namical structures. specifically inspired are articles on mathematical and computational versions and strategies in line with mechanics and their interactions with different fields. All contributions may be reviewed with a view to warrantly the top attainable medical standards.

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Because the crack tip fields in FGMs have the same forms as those for homogeneous materials, the crack deflection angle relative to the original crack direction, w, can be 38 ADVANCES IN MECHANICS AND MATHEMATICS II, 2003 calculated as the solution to the following equation (Erdogan and Sih, 1963) K[sinw - KII{3cosw -1) = 0, where K[ and KII are the SIFs at the crack tip. A more advanced calculation of crack deflection anlge considers a small kink from the original main crack tip, as shown in Fig.

12) leads to the crack growth condition K tip = Kc = {[1 - 1-116 E(a)}1/2 Vm(a) 11 _ 112(a) Eo cer KIc . 14) Substitute Eq. 11) into Eq. 16) where 'l/J0(r) = exp (-~ 1; r 'Y) v'f=T o(r), and O(r) is the solution of Eq. 7) without consideration of bridging. Jin and Batra (1996a) calculated the R-curve for an AI2 0 3 /Ni alloy FGM strip with an edge crack at the ceramic side. jm. 33 and K~et = 100 MPay'11i. The material nonhomogeneity parameters {3 and 'Y in Eq. 5158, respectively. 11, respectively.

21), [W+ - W-] denotes the jump in the strain energy density across the crack face, r c = r; with r; being physically coincident with r;, the superscripts (+) and (-) refer to the upper and lower crack faces, and nt = -n"k is the unit The material nonhomogeneity affects the outward normal vector to standard J-integral (Rice, 1968) by adding an area integral term. The relation between the Jie integral and the mode I and mode II SIFs was established for plane stress as (Eischen, 1987a): r;. 22) For plane strain, the Young's modulus at the crack tip Etip is replaced by E t ip/(l- /I~p).

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Spain / Freediver, filmmaker

Pepe is a devoted freediver instructor and underwater filmmaker. As well as winning the Spanish Championship title, he has achieved various national records in freediving. He has also competed in international events such as the European and World Championships. He recently produced “Pressure”, short semi-biographical film featuring the underwater journey of world-famous Catalan freediver Miguel Lozano to 123 metres under the surface of the ocean.

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Posts tagged ‘Modern Tokyo news’

September 6, 2012

Tokyo to decline by more than half by 2100: truth or scaremongering?

Kanako Itamae, Pierre Leblanc and Lee Jay Walker

Modern Tokyo Times

Once more depressing figures released indicate the demise of Tokyo and Japan by 2100 whereby the population will be beyond recognition of what it is today. This is the stark warning according to another dramatic survey which can only see a static and moribund Japan which refuses to implement real social policies.

One interesting aspect of the survey which is negated is the reality of “a secular society” being over reliant on modernity, materialism, abortion and other aspects of the “new world.” It is clear that Japan does face major problems related to the birth rate and this latest survey relates to this. At the same time issues related to communication issues, hikikomori (social withdrawal), suicide and other areas of a social meltdown needs to be focused on.

Of course, issues related to long working hours, high cost of child rearing, new modern approaches to life and other complex factors; are all tearing apart at the declining birth rate in this country. Sadly, the Japanese government appears reluctant to help people who desire to have more than one or two children but who feel burdened to do so because of the financial hardship that this entails.

According to this bleak survey which was taken by seven academics and a number of bureaucrats, the population of Tokyo will decline to 7.13 million in 2100 from the current mark of over 13 million people. This is indeed dramatic because Tokyo and other major cities like Osaka and Nagoya are the backbone of this nation. Unlike many rural areas which are already suffering from declining populations.

Also, this will not be the end of the hollowing out because in 2100 it is predicted that the over 65 age group will account for roughly 45 per cent of the total population of Tokyo. This would indicate an even more severe crisis long after 2100 which would see the continuing demise of Tokyo and Japan itself.

According to alarming figures released by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, the overall decline of the population of Japan will be massive by 2100. Currently the population in 2012 is just over 127 million. However, according to the above institute this figure will decline rapidly to 49.59 million by 2100 based on current trends.

Despite this, it is difficult to believe that future governments will not do anything in order to alter the current birth rate crisis. Also, tinkering with immigration would help greatly in the short-term while refocusing on ways to help families afford to have more children. At the same time internal social movements may respond to the current declining population because the strains on the economy will be enormous if something isn’t done to alter the current situation.

In the past Japan was written off in many areas but despite this it is clear that this nation is helping the international community in many ways. This notably applies to helping the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, economic aid to developing nations and assisting the European Union during the current economic crisis.

If any nation can find a way to solve the many complex issues it faces, then Japan is a nation which can reinvent itself quickly. Therefore, while the current analysis applies to the reality of today, it doesn’t mean that the same reality will apply in the future.

September 6, 2012

Remembering the fashion sector after the tragic tsunami which killed over 19,000 people

Michel Lebon, Sarah Deschamps and Lee Jay Walker

Modern Tokyo Times

The events of March 11, 2011, in Japan will forever be etched into the memory of this nation because of the utter devastation that followed. Over 19,000 people perished because of the tsunami which followed the 9.0 magnitude earthquake. Therefore, this event is now embedded within the psyche of Japan and this applies to both the trauma and the response to such devastation.

Internationally, countless nations supported Japan and likewise individuals, charities, organizations and various sectors gave generously to help the people who were hit the hardest. The fashion industry within Japan and outside of this country also supported the people of Tohoku. Likewise, the nuclear shadow meant that many people in the surrounding areas were also worried about this aspect. Given this reality, local fashion companies in Tokyo and other cities provided not only material support but also emotional support.

In Tokyo for example you had the Mighty Harajuku Project which was the brainchild of Sebastian Masuda (6% DOKIDOKI). While internationally powerful fashion houses responded to the tsunami in many different ways in order to support the people of Japan.

Often the fashion industry is portrayed to be “one dimensional” but clearly this sector is far from “one dimensional.” On the contrary, many within the fashion sector responded with care and sincerity. Giorgio Armani, and many other famous people within the fashion sector, showed the “heart of fashion” to the people of Japan.

Indeed, the deep shock of the tsunami and the enormous loss of life encouraged Giorgio Armani to show his deep respect of Japan. He did this during the Paris Fashion Week show in July of last year. During this major fashion event Giorgio Armani incorporated aspects of Japanese culture within his adorable designs.

In an earlier article by Modern Tokyo Times it was stated that “Funds being donated by Armani are much appreciated and the same applies to other famous fashion designers who have done so much to support the people of Japan. Often people only see a single dimension towards fashion and this applies to enhancing beauty.”

“Armani’s exclusive haute couture collection (Fall/Winter 2011-2012) during the Paris Fashion Week highlighted the rich heritage of Japan.  His amazing designs focused on dresses being based on the kimono-style, elegant floral prints on exquisite silk, kanzashi, elements of geisha, and other unique images of Japanese symbols were fused within the stunning Armani collection.”

It may appear that fashion and the tsunami are a million miles apart and in terms of what happened on this tragic day, then this is true. However, in other areas both events came together because fashion helped many people during the psychological stress process and lack of confidence related to the nuclear crisis. Therefore, fashion for many people was “therapeutic” and a way of fighting back against so much trauma and despondency.

Financially, then all economic support was welcomed because many communities were devastated by the brutal tsunami. Alongside the financial aspect was a feeling that other people all over the world truly cared about the plight of people who had been hit the hardest. Once more this helped in the area of psychology.

In the past Japan had been a place for famous international brands to “make hay” and since this tragic event the fashion sector is once more buzzing in this country. In this sense, many international fashion companies and individuals were highlighting their deep appreciation related to past and current connections which remain strong. Giorgio Armani commented that he had been “profoundly moved by the tragic events” related to March 11, 2011.

Giorgio Armani’s fashion show titled the Hommage au Japon meant that his entire fashion collection highlighted the natural beauty of Japanese culture within amazing styles. This genuine warmth was appreciated deeply within the fashion sector in Japan and among lay people who adore the fashion sector. Like usual, the collection highlighted the panache of the individual who created such a stunning fashion display.

Overall, many within the international fashion sector showed their love of Japan by providing many different types of support. This applies to economic support, psychological factors, a collective feeling of humanity, showing the people of Japan that they weren’t alone during this tragic period and in other vital areas.

September 6, 2012

Japanese art and Utagawa Yoshitaki: Oni Demon and the dreaded Catfish (Namazu)

Lee Jay Walker

Modern Tokyo Times

Utagawa Yoshitaki (1841-1899) produced several stunning pieces of art related to the oni demon. In the main image in this article called the Oni Demon and Catfish you have two very powerful forces at play. Therefore, the individual in this image faces the wrath of the giant catfish and the clutches of the powerful oni which is intent on collecting souls to take to the pits of hell.

In Japanese folklore the powerful writhing of a giant catfish (namazu) was bad news based on mythology. Thenamazu is a harbinger of devastation when breaking free from the god Kashima.

Therefore, when the namazu escapes from the clutches of Kashima terrible devastating forces are unleashed. These brutal forces apply to potent earthquakes and tsunamis which kill untold numbers. In the world of ukiyo-e the namazu and oni were popular subjects to focus on when highlighting Japanese folklore in the Edo and Meiji periods of history. After all, the oni and namazu are great storytellers and the reality that Japan is blighted by tsunamis, earthquakes, typhoons and other potent natural forces; means that in the old world of mystery it did appear that demonic forces were at play.

The role of the oni in the folklore of Japan is very potent because when the gates of hell are opened then the power of this demon comes into play for people who have done “dark deeds” in this world. Japanese artists in the Edo period clearly highlight the oni and the same applies to Japanese literature and kabuki. Therefore, Yoshitaki in his art piece titled Oni Demon and Catfish is putting the person in the scene in a terrible dilemma.

Toshidama Gallery comments about this image that “This print tells a complex narrative. The figure on the left holds a giant gourd – this was known to be one of the few magical ways to quell the much feared catfish which in the print is lying compliantly underneath. The legends of Japan say that earthquakes and tsunamis are caused by the writhing of a giant catfish (namazu) under Fuji. There were popular prints of the quelling of the catfish (Namazu-e) which appeared after natural disasters such as the Ansei earthquake of 1855.”

In this stunning image by Yoshitaki it is clear that the namazu appears unconcerned by the individuals attempt to quell the power it holds according to Japanese folklore. The oni on the other hand looks angry and powerful. It could just be that the namazu knows that the oni is too much for this brave individual who is trying to stop calamity from happening. Therefore, an almost like smirk face persists on the namazu and it could be that theoni is impatient because he wants to collect souls to take to the pits of hell.

Of course, an image by itself is always open to major interpretation but sometimes singular images can be more potent because of this fact. According to some individuals the catfish actually does behave strangely before natural disasters. This fact means that the god Kashima must be alert at all times according to Japanese folklore but sadly the namazu can’t be contained indefinitely because just like the oni, the namazu is extremely cunning.  TOSHIDAMA GALLERY

Please visit for more articles and information.

Please visit  –   On our site you will see a wonderful selection of Japanese woodblock prints for sale. Ukiyo-e (the Japanese name for woodblock prints of the 18th and 19th centuries) are beautiful, collectible and a sound financial investment.


Japan's catastrophic quake, tsunami, and nuclear reactor meltdown have people across the globe feeling great concern, sadness, and compassion for the people of Japan. Numerous organizations are helping out and many sites list how we can help.

The internet, facebook, twitter, television and radio provide constant updates that help families and friends stay connected, re-connect, or learn about the outcomes of their loved ones.

But with so much bad news, far beyond normal human experience, those of us on the west coast can  become overwhelmed by the enormity of the situation. Children, teens, and adults are all vulnerable to becoming anxious, depressed, or triggered by such wild and random destruction.

How do we maintain compassion and care and yet have balance to prevent overwhelm or anxiety?

The National Institute for Mental Health identifies a number of steps adults can take to care for their children and for themselves.

Among these, three stand out as most important.

First, for children and adults, limit the amount of exposure to the disaster images. Children, especially, do not yet have sufficient capacity to tolerate the visual and auditory recordings of people and animals in distress. It's important for adults, too, to be careful with the amount of these images being viewed. Our brains are designed to seek safety and survival, and are highly attuned to danger. For individuals and families who have previously endured sudden disasters, viewing of events such as this past week's quake and tsunami can be troubling and taxing to the brain and nervous system.

Second, involve yourself and your loved ones in positive activity. This can be anything from participation in raising funds to send to the international assistance organizations, to simply playing games together or going outside for walks in nature, getting creative in the kitchen or reading inspirational books. The important task here is to intentional involve your mind, body, and spirit with something that has positive value and requires your focused attention. Positive activities promote positive neurochemical activity in the brain and body and replenish stressed minds and bodies. The Dalai Lama frequently states that an important task for humans is to cultivate a positive mind in order to reduce stress. In other words, we must often be proactive creators of positive experience in order to access the benefits.

Third, stress, overwhelm and anxiety are normal responses to abnormal circumstances. Natural disasters may or may not impact everyone. But for those who do feel anxious, talk about it with someone you trust. The fears, concerns, grief, or anxiety may affect everyday activities and relationships, and can be alleviated for many through sharing feelings with a friend, a support group, family member, or therapist.

Take care,


Intelligent Disobedience

By CareerFOXBusiness

In a country founded on the principles of freedom and choice it sounds strange to be talking about the dangers of too much obedience in our society. However, contrary to our Wild West heritage, more than 50 years of research has demonstrated we are in fact a very obedient society. Sometimes we can be a little too obedient.

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Consider that in the early 1960s Yale professor Stanly Milgram famously found that nearly two-thirds of adults in his experiments complied with orders to inflict harm on other subjects to the point of extreme pain and possible death. As shocking as this may sound decades of research have confirmed these results.  In other words most people will comply with authority rather than question it, even if the orders fly in the face of their beliefs about right and wrong. History is replete with examples of the compliance of everyday citizens and soldiers in mass genocides. Even Ponzi schemers and corporate embezzlers have relied on well-intentioned people succumbing to the power of authority.

To understand more about the dangers of inappropriate obedience I spoke with Ira Chaleff, author of the newly released book Intelligent Disobedience: Doing Right When What You’re Told to do is Wrong. The book is a fascinating exploration of the psychology of obedience in our society and the implications for our everyday choices, particularly when it comes to work. The book is centered on one of the fundamental principles of guide dog training referred to as intelligent disobedience.

What is Intelligent Disobedience?

To understand intelligent disobedience we must first understand the nature of obedience in our society. According to Chaleff, our system is designed to instill a sense of obedience rather than a sense of accountability. From the moment we first set foot in school we are taught that teachers must be obeyed and resisting authority has negative consequences. He describes it as a sort of “unintentional metaprogramming” stemming from our long history of educational institutions placing so much emphasis on compliance with rules that we have come to subconsciously accept perceived authority by the time we finish high school. As noted earlier, this sort of reflexive obedience that is unquestioned can have grave consequences, particularly at work.

Consider the junior auditor directed to sign-off on false numbers or the co-pilot whose concerns are overridden by the senior pilot just before takeoff. Remember Enron and Air Florida Flight 90?

Chaleff explains that intelligent disobedience is not about defiance for the sake of it. The intelligent part of the phase means we evaluate the potential for harm to ourselves and others before making the judgement to not comply with the directive of an authority figure. The idea is to take the action that will produce the most good and least harm even if it is at odds with what our boss has directed us to do.

How Can We better Teach it?

The focus really needs to be on changing the social structures that support blind and often inappropriate obedience. From a manager’s perspective Chaleff explains that “we have to appreciate and reinforce instances of intelligent dissent.” As mangers we need to overcome our reflex to negatively react to dissent and learn to pause long enough to ask ourselves what is the danger that our employee is seeing that somehow we are not seeing?

It’s important to let your employees know upfront that if they feel uneasy or confused about a directive, it is their responsibility to bring it to your attention and if that requires ignoring an order, so be it. The idea is to be aligned on the outcome not the action.

In my conversation with Chaleff he described a simple process for checking yourself when you feel uneasy about the direction you have been given by a superior:

Pause: Fight the urge to reflexively obey when faced with a situation that causes you discomfort. Take a moment to step back before jumping right in and taking action. It’s always good to take a quick breath and let the order sink in.

Evaluate: Ask yourself why you feel uneasy. What is the potential harm to myself, my team, my boss, and possibly others if I comply and move forward as directed. In his book Chaleff points out that “based on the information we have and the context in which the order is given, if obeying is likely to produce more harm than good, disobeying is the right move, at least until we have further clarified the situation and the order.”

Question: Before disobeying a directive from your boss it’s good to ask for clarification. However, Chaleff advises that we must be mindful of the answer we get. When you hear a non-answer, deflection, or shaming that is a sign. Be prepared to ask again in a more assertive manner.

Counter-pull: If you don’t get a sufficient answer you must be prepared to intelligently disobey. In guide dog training this is called a counter-pull where the dog is taught to pull their human in a safer direction when given a command that will potentially put them both in danger. At the end of the day intelligent disobedience is not just about protecting yourself, it’s about protecting the team.

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Psychology Notes > Durham University Psychology Notes > Neuropsychology of Memory Notes

Semantic Dementia 2 Notes

This is a sample of our (approximately) 10 page long Semantic Dementia 2 notes, which we sell as part of the Neuropsychology of Memory Notes collection, a 2:1 package written at Durham University in 2014 that contains (approximately) 63 pages of notes across 9 different documents.

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Semantic Dementia 2 Revision

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Semantic Dementia (2) It is often claimed that SD patients have spared object use for objects they cannot recognise using other tests - may not be able to describe what the object does but when asked to use it - they use it correctly  is action use (actions semantics) relatively spared?
If actions can be selectively spared  can they also be selectively impaired? - is there really dissociation Apraxia  disorder of skilled movement - inability to execute learned purposeful movements - despite having the desire + physical capacity to perform the movements - not caused by a loss of sensory capacity , abnormality of tone or posture, intellectual deterioration or poor comprehension ----- Steinthal (1871) - coined the term

Liepmann (1900): first analysis of apraxia - focused on one of 3 varieties - "ideational"  patient incapable of making appropriate use of objects upon command

Patient diagnosed with dementia - he used objects oddly
- Could not perform gestures or demonstrate use of objects to command
- Could make spontaneous hand movements => so not paralysed
- Capable of motor execution of the action => e.g. copying someone else do the action
- Comprehension of instructions was intact Liepmann suggested L hem localisation of "motor memories" He also suggested a disconnection of "sensory memories" 
understanding instructions + "motor memories"  allowing action Suggested that apraxia is to do with an inability to utilise "motor memories" - action semantics ?
E.g. Critchley (1966) - woman with biparietal lesion - worked for yrs fishmonger - with development of her symptoms she had difficulties carrying her her job - she didn't know what to do with her knife
- In her mind she knew the steps needed to fillet a fish - however couldn't execute the Apraxia associated with L hem parietal or frontal lesions  semantic dementia = temporal pole atrophy Possible double dissociation between this + semantic dementia

How could is the evidence for a double dissociation between object semantics + action semantics?
In semantic dementia some instances of what appears to be spared actions semantics:
 Spared action often with highly familiar objects in the home context

This may break down if the context doesn't cue the specific action e.g. stayed in a hotel instead of home - didn't know what the hairdryer did (lack of activation of scripts)
 Spared actions may be triggered by partial semantic knowledge - e.g. confusing a boot with a sock - looks like semantics still intact - lack of specificity
 Spared actions may be triggered by "affordances of the object" - the way in which it is designed may provide clues as to how it is used - e.g. hairdryer pick up by handle - looks like they know how to use it
 Need to control object use in a controlled manner - to determine if it really is spared Semantic Dementia & Object Use Silveri & Ciccarelli (2009)  explore the role of semantic knowledge in object use

Analysed performance of patients + controls in object naming, pantomime execution (what would you do with this object without touching it) +
object use Comparisons between patients who had semantic deficits of different severity  ability to use objects was largely preserved when the deficit was mild - but progressively decayed as the deficit became more severe Naming was generally more impaired than object use Most SD patients were better at using the object than pantomiming use to visually presented object - may be due to affordances or scripts  only severe cases impaired at using object About a third of object use errors were semantically related (e.g. paint brush for shaving brush) About half were unrelated but recognisable errors e.g. pipe used as a hammer Data shows that there is a sig relationship between severity of the semantic deficit + an inability to use objects For conventional use of objects - semantic knowledge about the object is crucial =>only semantic knowledge - principally knowledge of functional aspects (how the object must be used) can allow using an object in a way that cannot be elicited by its structural characteristics There is also a significant consistency between object knowledge + object use Introduced another task - performance of patients + controls in recognition of object use , pantomime recognition + action recognition - watched other people do it Recognition of object use was impaired in patients with semantic disoders
+ was related to the patients ability to use the object Results indicate that a specific component of semantic knowledge is impaired  knowledge about function Pantomime recognition + action recognition were also pathological - not only motor tasks involving manipulation of objects or pantomiming were impaired - but also those in recognising the action

This observation seems to support the hyp that the same processes mediate both production of actions + recognition of actions +
manipulable objects No good evidence for dissociable action semantics Conclusion

Object use may be relatively spared in the early stages of semantic dementia
- This may be because some intact semantic knowledge is sufficient to cue appropriate action even when it is not specific enough to access full identifying info
- In some cases knowledge of action sequences (schema) may be intact even when produced to inappropriate objects e.g. skilled seamstress sewed holes in socks instead of darning them + the fish filiter - intact knowledge of what to do but can't executed (Critchley et al, 1966)
- In severe cases both action schema + object knowledge are both lost
 No good evidence for dissociation between object semantics + action semantics Relationship between EM + SM
 Know that some patients can have EM impairments with little or no apparent semantic memory impairments
- But semantic memory may not proceed normally in amnesics
 In SD semantic memory impairments are much worse than EM impairments - however  patients may perform badly in formal verbal tests e.g. story recall
 If SD patients don't understand the semantic context or the meaning of the objects present, this could appear as an EM deficit
 Bransford & Johnson (1972)
- Gave subjects a piece of text - asked to comprehend + recall this
- Either given no contextual details, context after text, partial context before text or context before text
- Increased comprehension + recall scores obtained when ptp presented with appropriate info before the test passages
- Supplying ptp with contextual info after txt produced lower comprehension + recall
 The picture allows you to develop a conceptual understanding of the txt - semantic knowledge
 The context supplies useful schema which aids recall
 When asked to recall a memory episodic like in form - was difficult to recall without relevant - conceptual semantic information being provided Hodges & Graham (2001)

Initial clinical descriptions of patients with SD suggested that this syndrome provided compelling evidence for a dissociation between preserved autobiographical + impaired semantic memory Patients are typically well-orientated + can relate the details + incidents about their life

****************************End Of Sample*****************************

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Trudeau Says Oil Sands Must be Phased Out, Sparks Outrage

Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau speaks at a meeting of the Calgary Chamber of Commerce in Calgary, Alberta, Dec. 21, 2016.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau sparked anger in the oil-rich province of Alberta Friday for saying Canada needs to phase out the oil sands.

Trudeau told a town-hall meeting in Peterborough, Ontario, that they can’t shut down the oil sands tomorrow but they need to phase it out eventually.

The prime minister was asked about his government’s approval of pipelines and whether that was consistent with the promise to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. He said there needs to be a transition off dependence on fossil fuels.

Province vows a fight

Trudeau’s comments caused outrage on social media and criticism from Alberta politicians. Premier Rachel Notley said the oil sands are not going anywhere any time soon.

Alberta opposition leader Brian Jean said the oil and gas industry provides thousands of good paying jobs and if Trudeau wants to shut it down he’ll have to go through him and 4 million Albertans first.

Alberta has the third-largest oil reserves in the world.

Jason Kenney, a former federal Conservative minister and leadership candidate for Alberta’s provincial Conservative party, said the oil sands represent trillions of dollars of future wealth for Canadian families.

“That’s our ability to pay for pensions, health care, and infrastructure and education. It also represents hundreds of thousands of good paying jobs for working, middle-income families,’’ Kenney said.

Elder Trudeau despised in Alberta

Kenney said Alberta won’t let Trudeau do to Alberta what Trudeau’s father, late Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, did to Alberta.

In 1980, the elder Trudeau brought in the national energy program, a package of taxes and rules designed to funnel more resource revenues to Ottawa while keeping the domestic price below world levels.

Alberta’s premier at the time took it as a declaration of war. The elder Trudeau was despised in the province.


North Korea and the Limitations of the Missile Technology Control Regime

The Missile Technology Control Regime is the international communities leading instrument for containing the proliferation of missile technologies. The situation regarding North Korea and Iran demonstrates its limitations, and those limitations ultimately derive from the fact that it is an entirely supply side approach to stemming the flow of missile technology.

That’s something you pick from a good article by Jeffrey Lewis at Foreign Affairs on North Korea, even though it isn’t explicitly stated.

We know that the intial basis of North Korea’s missile programme was the reverse engineering of Scud missiles, as related in the above linked article

The basis of North Korea’s missile force was a pair of Soviet-manufactured Scud-B missiles provided by Egypt in the late 1970s. Pyongyang is believed to have reverse engineered the Egyptian Scuds in order to create missiles of its own. Today, short-range Scud missiles form the bulk of North Korea’s arsenal and have been sold to countries around the world, including Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Syria, Vietnam, Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates

A similar dynamic was at play with the Musudan

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, North Korea sought more advanced technologies for its missile program—technologies that would scale better than those in the Scud missiles supplied by Egypt. During the 1990s, reports emerged that engineers from Russia’s Makeyev Missile Design Bureau, which had designed the Soviet Union’s submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), were helping Pyongyang to copy a Soviet-era SLBM called the SS-N-6.

These are the processes that brought about the MTCR.

The KN-12, it would seem (certainly the North Koreans say so) uses an indigenously designed engine, Lewis adopts the thesis that it was designed because North Korea couldn’t master submerged engine development. The SS-N-6 uses submerged engines. Even so, the SS-N-6 is an important part of the design history of “the March 18 engine.”

And of course, we have the two solid fuelled missiles the KN-11 and the KN-15. Some have argued that the KN-15 was developed with, either authorised or unauthorised, Chinese transfer of technologies however according to the CSIS database

The missile technology control regime has not prevented North Korea from making important, some of which are indigenous, advances in missile research and development. This means that on its own the MTCR cannot prevent a determined proliferator, even one as sanctioned and underdeveloped as North Korea, from advancing a ballistic missile programme designed to deliver nuclear weapons, and that includes both liquid and solid fuelled missiles as well as shorter range and longer range missiles.

The MTCR needs to be supplemented by demand side approaches, that is with diplomatic initiatives designed to address the underlying demand incentives driving missile proliferation. An important demand pull factor driving North Korean missile development was articulated in the Lewis article

Supply side approaches that ignore such demand pull effects, North Korea has shown us, are an inadequate means to meeting the challenge of missile proliferation. I suspect that supply side approaches are adopted, in part, to lower the cost of underlying strategic policies driving proliferation.

North Korea has shown that a state determined to raise the cost of such policies can do so despite the MTCR.


Friday, June 10, 2011

10 Most Useful & Medicinal Plants Most Wanted

Olive (Olea europaea) is an annual small trees and evergreen, the young fruit can be eaten raw or preserved as a refresher after. The old fruit is squeezed and the oil is extracted into olive oil that can be used for various purposes. Olive is a member of the Oleaceae tribe. In addition to flavor enhancer known as food, these oils also have a variety of benefits, both for health and beauty. Medicinal properties include:

This oil can be used for hair. One of them is to dry hair as a result of air pollution, sun exposure, too much was in the air-conditioned room or even the too frequent use of products made from chemicals. Use of hair and scalp treatment containing olive oil believed to be the right solution and healthy. Because the nutrients contained in it can repair damaged hair cuticles while providing extra moisture to the hair. So the hair becomes more healthy, soft, shiny and not easily branched.
Pure olive oil (Extra Virgin Olive Oil or Olive Oil Un-refined) can also be used directly on the scalp before starting treatment creambath. Even olive oil mixed with castor oil, lemon juice and water solution from steeping leaves of peppermint believed to be the natural recipe for preventing dandruff and itchy scalp.
Especially for skin care, beauty products containing olive oil are believed to help maintain moisture and skin elasticity as well as facilitate the regeneration of the skin, so skin is not easy to dry and wrinkled. For the face, olive oil can be mixed with a mask or diulaskan directly on the skin.
For the body of olive oil can be used as a carrier oil for essential oil blend as a massage oil. Olive oil can also be used as a mixture of body lotion or bath soap to maintain moisture and skin softness.
Olive oil is also believed to maintain the shape and firmness of the breast.
As for the hands and feet, olive oil can also be used to reduce thickened skin on the soles of the feet, to maintain skin smoothness, and strengthen nails.
Maintain cardiovascular health, reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. Caused due to a mono-unsaturated fat, mainly oleic acid. But there are also studies showing the efficacy of oil heart health caused by the content of phenolic compound group, rather than fatty acids. The content of phenolic compounds act as antioxidants, which can maintain the elasticity of arterial walls.
As a mild laxative to ease the process of defecation.

2. Date palm

Dates is a kind of plant palm (palm) or better known in its Latin language with phonex dactylifer fruitful and should be eaten, either in a state ripe and still raw. Based on the research of scientists, date palms, rich with protein, fiber, sugars, vitamins A and C and minerals such as iron, calcium, sodium and potassium. Protein content in the palm of 1.8 - 2.0 percent, the fiber as much as 2.0 - 4.0 percent and sugar by 50-70 per cent glucose. As research by the World Kesahatan Agency (WHO), the sugars that are in the dates that are different from sugar in other fruits such as sugar cane or sugar usually contain sucrose which the substance was immediately absorbed into the body. This makes the sugar it should dipecahkab advance by the enzyme before it turned into glucose. Conversely, dates do not require such a process. Benefits and efficacy of dates are:
Tamr (dried dates) to strengthen the intestinal cells and can help to expedite the urinary tract because it contains fibers in charge of controlling the rate of bowel movements and strengthen the uterus, especially when giving birth.
Ruthab (wet dates) has the effect of controlling the rate of motion of the uterus and increase the systolenya (contraction of the heart when blood is pumped into the arteries).
Potassium in the date palm is useful to overcome the problem of stress, constipation and weak muscles. Not only that, thanks to the iron and calcium are the dates, people will avoid high-risk diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
When eaten by children, the dates given to the intellectual property of their brain

3. Ginseng

Ginseng (Panax) is a kind of herb belonging to the tribe Araliaceae. Ginseng grown in the northern hemisphere, mainly in Siberia, Manchuria, Korea and the United States. Types of tropical ginseng can be found in Vietnam, and Indonesia. Ginseng is often used in traditional medicine. The roots of this plant can improve the flow and increase the production of red blood cells, reinforcing the immune system, reduce fatigue, increase stamina, improve mental and psychiatric disorders, increased spending on body fluids and prevent diabetes, strengthens the digestive system, preventing irritation, remove toxins, and assist recovery from illness.

4. Keji beling

Cruel shard is a plant shrubs, 1-2 feet tall. Segmented rod, bull, coarse fur, monopodial branching, the color green. This plant is easy to breed in the soil fertile, somewhat sheltered and in the open, Elevation: 1 m - 1,000 m above sea level · Annual rainfall: 2,500 mm - 4000 mm / years · Month wet (above 100 mm / month ): 8 months - 9 months · Month dry (below 60 mm / month): 3 months - 4 months · air temperature: 200 C - 250 C ° Humidity:'m · Irradiation: medium. Soil texture: Sand to clay · Drainage: Medium - good · groundwater depth: 25 cm from soil surface · rooting depth: 5 cm from soil surface · Acidity (pH): 5.5 - 7 ° Fertility: medium. The benefits of treating urinary stones, urinary substandard, bladder stones, gallbladder stones, kidney stones, Diabetes, Constipation, Tumor, Diabetes Mellitus, Lever (Yellow sickness), high cholesterol, ulcer, and hemorrhoids.

5. Morinda citrifolia

Morinda citrifolia (Java: pace, kemudu, Kudu); cengkudu (Sunda), kodhuk (Madura), wengkudu (Bali) from Southeast Asia region, belonging to the family Rubiaceae. Another name for this plant is Noni (Hawaiian), Nono (Tahiti language), Nonu (Tonga language), ungcoikan (Myanmar language) and Ach (Hindi), The plant is grown in the lowlands at an altitude of 1500 m. Noni tree height reaches 3-8 m, has a white flower head. The green fruit is glazed and have spots. On the whole Noni is a fruit full of nutritious food. Nutrients the body needs, such as proteins, viamin, and essential minerals, available preformance in sufficient quantities in fruit and noni leaf. one of the mineral deposits in Noni is a great antioxidant. Terpenoids. This substance helps in the process of organic synthesis and recovery of the body's cells. Bakteri.Zat anti-active substances contained in Noni juice that can kill bacteria that cause infections, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Protens morganii, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. Anti-bacterial substance that can also control bacterial pathogens (off) such as Salmonella montivideo, S. scotmuelleri, S. typhi, and Shigella dusenteriae, S. flexnerii, S. pradysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Scolopetin. Scolopetin compounds are very effective as a element of anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic.


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Fastest bowl sport

History of the Bocce Federation

roman artThe origins of bocce are believed to date back to 9000 BC where stone bowls were found in Turkey. Traces have also been found dating back to the time of the Pharaohs. In fact, a game similar to bocce was played in ancient Greece and during the middle ages.From the early Greek physician Ipocrates to the great Italian Renaissance man Galileo, the early participants of bocce have noted that the game's athleticism and spirit of competition rejuvenates the body. Bocce enjoyed rapid growth throughout Europe and became the sport of nobility and peasants alike. According to legend, Sir Francis Drake refused to set out to defend England against the Spanish Armada until he finished a game. He proclaimed, "First we finish the game, then we'll deal with the Armada!".

By the 1800s Bocce was played across the north of Italy and in other European countries like France, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Germany, Slovenia, Istra, Croatia and Bosnia. In Italy men played bocce at the back of 'Osterias' and along the back streets. In the mid-1800s Italy was unstable. The two Guiseppes Garibaldi and Mazzini led the 'red shirts' across the country in a bid to unify the Italian speaking peoples. It was during this period that many northern Italians started immigrating to places like Australia and America, taking the game of bocce with them.

Now, different countries around the world have their own version of bocce. It is played with various rules and on different surfaces, although the basic aim of the sport remains the same. As interest for competition between countries grew, so did the need for uniform rules. In 1946 the French, Italian, Swiss and Monegasque Federations formed the Federation international de Boules (F.I.B.) and International competition was born. In 1985, the Confederation Mondiale des Sports de Boules (C.M.S.B.) was formed to include all forms of the game. The C.M.S.B. consists of four International federations, F.I.P.J.P. (Petanque), C.B.I. (Raffa), World Bowls (Lawn Bowls), and F.I.B. (Bocce), with the F.I.B. being the oldest of the four. The C.M.S.B. CMSBwas recognised by the International Olympic Committee (I.O.C.) in 1986, known as sport-boules.

Competitive bocce has a long history with the formation of the French Federation in 1888 and the Italian in 1919. But socially bocce has been played on the streets and in the parks for centuries before this. There are two main forms of bocce, Volo and Raffa. Volo is played competitively in Australia and is the most modernised form of the game with its technical throwing events involving a high level of fitness. Professional levels of the sport are played in European countries.

FIBToday bocce is played throughout the world with 50 countries being members of the F.I.B. Regular World Championships for Men, Women, and juniors are held annually. It is also played at the World and Mediterranean Games. Six events are played at World Championships: Singles,  Doubles, Combined (Bowl/Throw), Precision Throw, Progressive Throw, and Doubles Rapid Throw. Only the three throwing events are played at the World and Mediterranean Games, as these events are the future of the sport and adaptive to the younger generation of players

History of Bocce in Australia
Bocce was first introduced to Australia by European migrants in the early 1900s and was played in backyards, streets and inner suburb parks. This recreational sport matured to become a fully-fledged competitive sport in the 1960s. In 1970 the first national Bocce championships was held. This Championship is still the major annual event on the Australian Bocce calendar.

Bocce was first played in Australia by the northern Italian and Swiss Italian immigrants who came to the Victorian goldfields at Daylesford, Hepburn Springs and Yandoit in central Victoria, in the 1850s and 60s. Much of Australia's early day bocce was played for fun with some salami and a glass or 2 of vino (wine). Often the men used to play for a glass of wine. After the 2nd world war Italian migration to Australia grew rapidly. Many Italians from the northern Italian regions of Friuli, Venezia Guilia and Veneto came to Australia bringing the game of bocce with them. The game was played in the backyards of boarding-houses and in places were Australia's Italians started congregating like Carlton, Brunswick, Fitzroy, Richmond, Flemington and across the inner suburbs of Melbourne. Many Italians started settling in the north of Melbourne around Northcote and Thornbury in the 1950s.It was back in 1957 when Melbourne's Italian community came together for the first time and formed a committee to start up a social club. from there Italian bocce legends like Virginio Turco and Remo Cher from Furlan in northern Italy helped form Australia's first bocce committee. Both men were later to become presidents of both the Victorian and Australian Bocce Federations. Seven years later and Australia's first bocce club had opened at the original Fogolar Furlan Club in Mansfield St Thornbury on the 10th of October 1964. The original club had 4 bocce lanes with the club specifically built around the bocce court. In the early days the women played tombola (bingo) while the men played bocce. Many of the newly arrived Italians from the northern Veneto region also joined the Furlan people at the Fogolar Club in Thornbury until they later built their own big bocce courts at the Veneto club in Bulleen. Soon after many other italian clubs were formed around their bocce courts.

First ever Australian english language news article (click here)

The Bocce Federation of Australia (BFA), was formed in 1971 with branches in all states. Application to the Federation international de Boules (F.I.B.) was accepted in 1973. Players represented Australia for the first time in the international Bocce arena in Val-Les-Brains, France where we achieved 11th placing in the four events played.

Australia has held three World Championships. In 1979, Melbourne hosted the Third World Doubles Bocce Championships, being the first in the southern hemisphere. The success of this event led to an increase in participation numbers in the sport. Melbourne also hosted the World Championship again in 1985 and the World Junior Championships in 1988 as part of the Australian Bicentenary.

The employment of a part time development officer assisted this rapid growth and implemented the Federation’s growth plan. Another important step forward for the Federation was the setting up of programs for senior citizens. Australia was the first country in the world to organise women’s competitions, although only at state level. Further growth was slow but women now have their own National championship and girls compete equally in junior competition. Below is one of the first BFA logos.

 The future of the BFA lies in the expansion of the sport within the school setting; more regular competitions for the young. There is a need for greater involvement in the program development for the workplace and the rehabilitation fields.

As means of providing greater international competition without traveling to Europe. Bocce has been introduced to neighboring countries. The Australian Bocce team visited China in 1983 to promote our sport to universities and sports institutes. The success or our visit was shown in the BFA’s return visit in 1995 when our national team played exhibition matches against Chinese regional teams. In recent times China have achieved Gold medals at Women World Championships and medals in the Mens. Bocce is now one of the fastest growing sports in China and participates in the Australian Junior & Under 23 Open.

Today in Australia more than 10,000 people play bocce both as a recreational and competitive sport.

2024 Olympics & Smash League


1.) Transport

In order to ensure a safe and stress free transport of your cat the transport box should provide the following features:

- Enough size

Although a large box might be heavier for the cat owner, it is comfort for the cat !!!

The IATA recommends the following measures

for small cats a size of at least 50 cm length x 33 cm wide x 32 cm height

for large cats a size of at least 57 cm length x 37 cm wide x 36 cm height

In order not to exceed the maximum weight of a box it should be used for only one cat. Two grown-up cats

in one box already need a carrier in the size of a box for a middle sized dog.

- Enough stability

The pet carrier should be ideally made out of premium plastic, with a metal door and a lock with a spring mechanism.

It is well-known as "Vari kennel". "No-name products" from Far East are in general unstable and are posing a safety risk.

Our hint:

Here are some dangerous examples :

1) Picnic basket    2) missing fasterners   3) Door with loose suspension   4) ruptured plastic     (clockwise)

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The Key Elements of Great Options

Hiring Cleaning Companies.

As the world gets busier with each day, domestic cleaning duties usually become a daunting job and frequently get neglected. The demand for cleaning companies has been on the rise due to the frequent request for their services by individuals and companies. Before selecting a cleaning company to do the job its wise first to understand the requirements. Due to the increase in demand for cleaning services, there is an emergence of various cleaning companies.

In the United States of America there are various cleaning companies, but the common one is the Square Feat Inc. cleaning company. Its situated in Phoenix metro area with excellent cleaning services making it one of the best in the industry. They also offer janitorial services including regularly scheduled building maintenance, floor refinishing, commercial carpet cleaning, window cleaning and more. Overall appearance is one selling factor of any enterprise or any form of residential unit. Having that best look it has always been a daunting task to any individual or organization at any particular time. The cleanliness of a residential unit or an office should still be the priority for any individual or organization. For proper cleaning it has to be followed to the letter on daily basis while having a particular target on the mind on how you want it to look like. The facilities of Square Feat Inc. have always been top notch due to the vast experience in the industry. They have skilled personnel that are properly trained and very good in what they do.

During the ancient times utilizing services for cleaning a restaurant was meant just for the rich, but things have changed. Cleaning companies with the help of the administration prepare a timetable of the cleaning hours and how they want it to be done. It entails working with management and staff and providing all the areas around the restaurant are well sanitized. Cleaning a restaurant involves proper sanitation of every aspect of the restaurant as it represents the image of the restaurant. Before you hire restaurant cleaning services, you should interview more than one company. The the company that cleans the restaurant usually is crucial for business as a poorly done job drives away customers. A well done cleaning is like gold that glitters, and this increases the rating of the restaurant.

Offices also need to be maintained to attract huge investors for the business. The cleaning is done as per the request of the organization or the institution. With hiring of cleaning services from this company everything is done as per the highest set standards.

Why not learn more about Services?

Getting Down To Basics with Options