All the things! A couple years in summary.

Arduino, Seeed Motor Shield, and a CD-ROM

Ok, it has been a super long time since I’ve made a post…  To break the silence, I wanted to write up a bit of info on something I recently had to work out for a project.  That is how to drive a CD-ROM stepper motor using the Seeed Motor Shield for the Arduino Uno.  I did some quick searching and didn’t immediately turn up any posts on how to do this (though I found several DIY setups and one using an Adafruit motor shield).  The motor isn’t marked with any branding, so finding the pinout was by trial and error.  Once you’ve got that, the motor works just as any other stepper.   As shown in the diagram, I have arbitrarily labeled the pins from top-to-bottom, but this was an arbitrary decision.

I soldered wires directly onto where the ribbon cable was attached (see photos) so that it would be easier to work with.  Once everything was wired up, I ran the Seeed “StepperMotorDemo” code and everything worked.  Well, sortta.  200 steps were too many and made the laser carriage run into the ends.  40 seemed to be a good number of steps. USB power was enough to run this, so I didn’t need to add external power.

So, there ya go.  A short, sweet post that will hopefully be helpful to somebody.

An Abbreviate History of Augmented Reality

A colleague is working on a book chapter in which he wants to include a section on AR.  He asked me for a brief history (not to be include in the book) to give him an idea of how AR came to be what it is today.  I sent him the following.  There is A LOT missing in here, but it was only intended to be an informal “one page history”.  I thought I share it here.

Augmented reality has a history much longer than most people think.  To understand its history you must first understand what “augmented reality” means at its most fundamental.  At its most basic, augmented reality is quite literally augmenting one’s experience of the physical world by modifying or adding sensory information that would not otherwise be available.  In one way or another we have been doing this since torch light was first used to allow us to see clearly in the dark.  However, augmented reality in its modern form (and potentially future forms) was first formally conceptualized by Ivan Sutherland in his historic article “The Ultimate Display”.  Not long thereafter, Sutherland developed the first head-mounted augmented reality display.  This display was dubbed “The Sword of Damocles” since the device and its associated equipment seemed to dangle precariously above the head of the user.  For better or worse, the basic design of most augmented reality systems, and later virtual reality systems, remained essentially unchanged for decades to come.  (An important side note is that of a common misconception.  Many people assume that virtual reality was the predecessor to augmented reality, mostly due to VR’s early popularity in the 1990s.  However, Sutherland’s 1968 AR display served as the template for essentially all future AR and VR displays.)

For quite some time afterward advances in augmented reality centered around non-head-worn displays, like the head-up displays (HUDs) often used in modern aircraft.  These displays enabled pilots to view critical control information while retaining a direct view of their surroundings.  As is the case with many new technologies, the ramifications of its adoption were not fully understood at first.  Unfortunately, misconceptions and misapplications of head-up displays led to multiple dozens of preventable aircraft accidents in the early 1980s.  However, through considerable research and hard earned experience HUD designs improved to the point that they are common place in many commercial and military aircraft.

As computer and display technologies became faster and smaller, virtual reality saw a surge in popularity in the 1990s.  However, the majority of the systems developed during this time could only offer limited experiences and usually only in tightly controlled lab settings.  Excellent examples of these were the virtual reality systems employed by NASA to visualize and virtually explore the terrain of our neighboring planets.  (One of the VR displays used by Michael McGreevy, Steve Ellis, and others from NASA Ames is currently on display at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum.)  A few commercial systems were available to the public though.  Unfortunately, most of these were expensive, cumbersome, and provided lackluster experiences.  Perhaps a too often cited example is the Nintendo Virtual Boy game system which debuted in 1995.  The Virtual Boy, though hyped among the youth at the time, offered a monochromatic, low resolution gaming experience that was often reported to quite efficiently make players very uncomfortable, a condition dubbed simulator sickness.

In the late 1990s, augmented reality saw a bit of a resurgence with the release of commercially available see-through head-mounted displays such as the Sony Glasstron.  The Glasstron was mostly geared toward businessmen who wanted to discretely watch videos while traveling, but it became one of the most commonly used displays in augmented reality research due to its small size and relatively affordable price.  It was around this time that AR for training became a point of interest and led to the development of experimental AR frameworks for military training.  Though a myriad of augmented reality display designs and manufacturers have come about since the early 2000s, the same basic head-worn archetype pioneered by Sutherland persisted as the dominant display type.  This, however, rapidly changed as smartphones became ubiquitous.  Smartphones contained almost all of the components used in AR and VR systems: cameras, motion sensors, and a display.  This gave rise to a “magic window” form of augmented reality that allowed users to view computer generated imagery superimposed on the video feed from the phone’s camera.  This method became quite popular and has even been adopted in the realm of handheld game systems.  Though smartphone and tablet based AR applications are becoming quite common, there are still significant efforts to bring head-worn AR into the mainstream.  Probably the most notable of these is the Google Glass project which is pushing to bring lightweight, see-through head-up displays to the masses.  However, substantial research is still being devoted to the use of traditional head-worn stereoscopic 3D AR and VR displays.  This will likely continue as cheap VR displays, like the Oculus Rift, are becoming more commonplace.

I have an interesting story about the Oculus Rift that I might post later.  We’ll see if time allows.

Back From the Dead…More or Less

It has been quite a while since I’ve made a post.  My apologies.  The past year and a half have been incredibly eventful.  I’ve been working in the Mixed Reality Lab at the University of Southern California‘s Institute for Creative Technologies continuing my spatial perception research in virtual reality.   I’m still collaborating with my colleagues at Mississippi State University and NASA Ames Research Center though.  Lots of cool things have happened, and I promise that I’ll get some posts put together about everything soon!

Let’s try science: White LEDs

Recently, a couple of us were talking about white LEDs.  White LEDs are a somewhat recent commodity.  Red LEDs have been around forever, yellow LEDs for the limit approaching forever, and green LEDs for simply a really long time.  Blue LEDs are more recent, but they have been around long enough to have been installed in nearly every electronic device and some varieties of toilet paper.  White LEDs are considerably more recent than any of these.  Actual white light is composed of a wide spectrum of light, ranging from violet to red.  LEDs are typically constrained to a small color bands, so how do white LEDs work?

White light can be simulated by combining red, green, and blue light.  This is the method used by TVs, LCD screens, and compact florescent lights.  Could white LEDs be doing something similar?  Could they just be red, green, and blue diodes combined into one unit?  The simplest way to answer this question would be to google it, but let’s wait on that.  This gives us the perfect opportunity to do some empirical experimentation.  Let’s look at the light spectrum produced by a white LED.  To do this we need a spectroscope…or some cardboard and a CD.  There are multiple sites out there with instructions on building your own.  Here is a photo of the one I built.  You can find instructions to build a similar one here.  BTW: You can also use these spectroscopes to determine what gasses are used in your florescent lights – a topic for another time.

If the white LEDs were combining multiple colors to simulate white light, it would look something like the image below.  This image, by the way, is the spectrum of a typical compact florescent light.  You can see “bumps” in the image that represent individual wavelengths of light that compose the simulated white light.

<Image missing.  Sorry, this is a post retrieved from my archive before the site crash back in 2012.  The original image seems to be lost.>

However, this is not what you see when you look at a white LED.  Below is the image of the spectrum I captured from a common LED flashlight.  This is interesting!  ”Why?”, you may ask.  It is surprisingly continuous.  It seems to be composed mostly of a wide, smooth blue/green band and a wide, smooth red band.  There is practically no yellow though.  This seems to indicate that there are probably not three separate diodes in there, but the wideness and smoothness of the spectrum is a bit strange.

Another interesting aspect of this spectrum is that the red and blue ends look like they have a similar shape.  I’ve sketched this out in the plot below.  Now, I’ve hit a point where I need to google for answers.  After a quick search, I found that many white LEDs are actually blue LEDs that have been doped with phosphors that fluoresce red when exposed to blue light.  This explains the observation that the light was mostly composed of two similarly shaped blue and red spectra.  So there, a quick little experiment that taught us something about how LEDs work.

Excursion to La Brea Tar Pits

I visited the  La Brea Tar Pits today.  This was one of my “bucket list” items.  Ever since I was a kid, I’ve always heard about the excellent fossils found in the tar pits.  It was roughly a 30 minute drive to get there, which took me from one end of Los Angeles to the other.  Not a fan of LA driving/traffic.  I really hate the traffic and the reckless abandon with which many people seem to drive.  This little trip gave me the chance to get more practice on the freeways.  I’m calling it a learning experience.

Anyway, forgetting traffic for a while, the specimens they have on display at the museum are really amazing.  It’s hard to get a sense of the scale of this beast, but he is around 12 feet tall.  A truly massive creature.  The magnitude of the fossils is also astounding.  For instance, in this next picture are 404 dire wolf skulls…and that is ONLY the ones in this display.  There are many more.   As a matter of fact, the guy in the photo is actually composed entirely of dire wolf skulls, true story.  All in all, it was a worthwhile experience.

First Post

Howdy there.

I haven’t really decided what is going to go here yet, but hopefully it will be something interesting…perhaps research related…perhaps not.  Regardless, I’ll try to keep the place up to date.

I recently moved across the country for work.  This might be a good place to document the experience of resettling.  We’ll just have to wait and see how this thing develops.


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active verbs for essays

Active Verbs. Note of Caution: Only use the verbs you're familiar with unless you take the time to examine the definition in the dictionary. This is NOT a list of synonyms. Each word has specific usage patterns that are unique to its meaning. Literary Essay. Report or. Persuasive Essay that refers to an expert's opinion or.
Warm-Up #7: Strong Verbs for Essay Writing. Step one: Copy the definitions for the following verbs. 1. To juxtapose: to place side by side, often for contrast. Ex: The writer of Family Guy juxtaposes the characters Brian and. Peter to enhance their differing intelligence levels. 2. To imply: to indicate or suggest without explicitly
ACTIVE VERBS LIST. Agree. Nod. Consent. Comply. Concur. Accept. Acknowledge. Consent. Appear. Show. Flash. Materialize. Surface. Bloom. Flower. Manifest. Surface. Emerge. Develop. Spawn. Arrive. Arise. Ask. Request. Question. Inquire. Pose. Proposition. Solicit. Plead. Cross-examine. Demand. Grill. Interrogate.
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In the same way that a story needs active, dynamic verbs to keep the plot moving, academic essays too will benefit from the correct use of verbs to help you present your ideas. The table below list useful verbs that are very common in academic texts. You are likely to come across more verbs for the different categories in
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MARKER VERBS FOR ESSAYS OF ANALYSIS. Abbreviated List. *COMMUNICATES. Concludes. Connects. Declares. Implies. Informs. Introduces. Provides. Reports. Reveals. Signifies. States. Suggests. *CONVEYS. Expresses. Relates. Reveals. *REVEALS. Clarifies. Demonstrates. Displays. Illustrates. *ENHANCES.
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Middle Way Strategems
Instead of doing a newsletter such as many other coaches do, I will leave very brief scatterings of thought that appeal to me.  I like this model better since it not only facilitates personal transparency but also allows some interaction with any reader who might have a thought they wish to share.

Current courses

The Lotus in Muddy Water
There is a very old tradition or teaching in Zen, of which monks remind each other frequently.  It goes like this: "May we exist in muddy water with purity, like a lotus.  Thus we bow to Buddha."

What does it mean  to "exist in purity"?  It is one of the basic monastic vows.  It is also a story, a Buddhist story; one which envisions a being (the lotus flower), as much a part of the surface light/air as it is the dark/mire; which is intimately connected to pervasive disatisfaction (muddy water) yet which is, Pure.  This is the sort of existence toward which Buddhism claims it is worth striving.  Thus monks collectively renew this vow to Buddha every day.

The metaphor of the lotus describes well the relationship a spiritual coach ought to have with those who seek her or him out..  Like two lotuses in the same pond, essentially emerging from the same dark and mire, largely in agreement about purity and visited by the same bees and birds.  Anyone who can read these words and know their meaning could find value in the sort of personal consulting relationship which the right spiritual coach would offer.  I, for example, have a lot of practice at analyzing everything in terms of the harmony between the various elements in which the lotus exists.  The lotus is pure and needs no correction, but everything changes and the task is to maintain harmony within change.  If I were a Christian I might think that the lotus would be just fine if only it would reach out more energetically toward the sun; but as a Buddhist I suggest paying most attention to one's own bit of muddy water.

Childhood Vows : The Branching Streams
Children are mentally much more powerful than adults.  They are born with a tremendous potential and power to affect change, and it is the rare adult who can match the focus, the strength, the ferocity or the unambivalence of the 12 year old boy who finally understands a little bit of why he hurts and vows to himself never to let that happen again.  Or the young girl who thinks she is special because everyone says she is special and everyone treats her 'special'.  She's never quite sure what that special quality is, but she knows it is there and she knows others can see it.  It can take the best part of a lifetime to see how the axioms which result from vow energy can impede.  Mostly it is some kind of fear that stimulates a child to invoke her vow-power, his ability to control conditions.

These examples are archetypal, of course, but they serve to illustrate my point that much, maybe most, of our Present is intimately conditioned by a web of childhood vow-responses.   A lot of irritation and frustration could be avoided if the proper respect was offered to our vow-body.  This is a distinctly Buddhist vocabulary which is much more helpful than the 'corrective' prescriptions which we generally administer to ourselves when we doubt.

Willows Beach
One of the nicest things about life in Victoria is the many walkable beaches. One of my favourites is Willows Beach, where Oak Bay meets Vancouver Island. As modest a body of water as Oak Bay is, its presence effortlessly integrates even the activity at the beach on an August afternoon.  On such a day there is a lot going on. There may be dozens of children and dogs playing, movies being made, joggers and skaters, sand-etch graffiti being created, flotsam construction projects under way, and so on; but somehow one can walk the beach and feel complete solitude without feeling disconnected. That feeling is even more pronounced in the off-season.  I love the beach even more on a December afternoon when the real residents of the shoreline take over.

The breeze that comes ashore there moves with an energy that comes from the water.  When this energized air moves, it uses up some of that energy making waves.  This is just basic physics of thermodynamics, but it provides the perfect metaphor to illustrate how patterns we control cause the turbulence we experience.  As a coach, by listening for it, I can find links between a client's disatisfaction and what patterns might generate it.  The significance of this is that if one changes the patterns very slightly, it could result in a diminishment of the disatisfaction.  I always think and hope that if I listen carefully I might be able to respond in a way that re-contextualizes the two elements.  In my jargon, these elements are what I mean by "the extremes".  There is a direct relationship between the degree of agitation a given situation provokes and the energizing effect of habitual patterns.


Realism Painting Style

Selasa, 28 Februari 2017

Realism Painting Style

A Style and a Half or Half a Style?: Modernism, Socialist Realism ...
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Visual arts

Illusionistic realism

The art of Late Antiquity famously rejected illusionism for expressive force, a change already well underway by the time Christianity began to affect the art of the elite. In the West classical standards of illusionism did not begin to be reached again until the Late medieval or Early Renaissance period, and were helped by the development of new techniques of oil painting which allowed very subtle and precise effects of light to be painted using very small brushes and several layers of paint and glaze. Scientific methods of representing perspective were developed in Italy and gradually spread across Europe, and accuracy in anatomy rediscovered under the influence of classical art. As in classical times, idealism remained the norm.

The accurate depiction of landscape in painting had also been developing in Early Netherlandish and Renaissance painting, and was then brought to a very high level in 17th-century Dutch Golden Age painting, with very subtle techniques for depicting a range of weather conditions and degrees of natural light. After being another development of Early Netherlandish painting, by 1600 European portraiture could give a very good likeness in both painting and sculpture, though the subjects were often idealized by smoothing features or giving them an artificial pose. Still life paintings, and still life elements in other works, played a considerable role in developing illusionistic painting, though in the Netherlandish tradition of flower painting they long lacked "realism", in that flowers from all seasons were typically used, either from the habit of assembling compositions from individual drawings, or as a deliberate convention; the large displays of bouquets in vases, though close to modern displays of cut flowers that they have influenced, were entirely atypical of 17th-century habits, where flowers were displayed one at a time. Intriguingly, having led the development of illusionic painting, still life was to be equally significant in its abandonment in Cubism.

Realism or naturalism as the depiction of ordinary, everyday subjects

The depiction of ordinary, everyday subjects in art also has a long history, though it was often squeezed into the edges of compositions, or shown at a smaller scale. This was partly because art was expensive, and usually commissioned for specific religious, political or personal reasons, that allowed only a relatively small amount of space or effort to be devoted to such scenes. Drolleries in the margins of medieval illuminated manuscripts sometimes contain small scenes of everyday life, and the development of perspective created large background areas in many scenes set outdoors that could be made more interesting by including small figures going about their everyday lives. Medieval and Early Renaissance art by convention usually showed non-sacred figures in contemporary dress, so no adjustment was needed for this even in religious or historical scenes set in ancient times.

Early Netherlandish painting brought the painting of portraits as low down the social scale as the prosperous merchants of Flanders, and in some of these, notably the Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck (1434), and more often in religious scenes such as the Merode Altarpiece include very detailed depictions of middle-class interiors full of lovingly depicted objects. However these objects are at least largely there because they carry layers of complex significance and symbolism that undercut any commitment to realism for its own sake. Cycles of the Labours of the Months in late medieval art, of which many examples survive from books of hours, concentrate on peasants labouring on different tasks through the seasons, often in a rich landscape background, and were significant both in developing landscape art and the depiction of everyday working-class people.

In the 16th century there was a fashion for the depiction in large paintings of scenes of people working, especially in food markets and kitchens: in many the food is given as much prominence as the workers. Artists included Pieter Aertsen and his nephew Joachim Beuckelaer in the Netherlands, working in an essentially Mannerist style, and in Italy the young Annibale Carracci in the 1580s, using a very down to earth unpolished style, with Bartolomeo Passerotti somewhere between the two. Pieter Bruegel the Elder pioneered large panoramic scenes of peasant life. Such scenes acted as a prelude for the popularity of scenes of work in genre painting in the 17th century, which appeared all over Europe, with Dutch Golden Age painting sprouting several different subgenres of such scenes, the Bamboccianti (though mostly from the Low Countries) in Italy, and in Spain the genre of bodegones, and the introduction of unidealized peasants into history paintings by Jusepe de Ribera and Velázquez. The Le Nain brothers in France and many Flemish artists including Adriaen Brouwer and David Teniers the Elder and Younger painted peasants, but rarely townsfolk. In the 18th century small paintings of working people working remained popular, mostly drawing on the Dutch tradition, and especially featuring women.

Much art depicting ordinary people, especially in the form of prints, was comic and moralistic, but the mere poverty of the subjects seems relatively rarely have been part of the moral message. From the mid-19th century onwards this changed, and the difficulties of life for the poor were emphasized. Despite this trend coinciding with large-scale migration from the countryside to cities in most of Europe, painters still tended to paint poor rural people, largely leaving illustrators such as Gustave Doré to show the horrors of city slums. Crowded city street scenes were popular with the Impressionists and related painters, especially ones showing Paris.

Medieval manuscript illuminators were often asked to illustrate technology, but after the Renaissance such images continued in book illustration and prints, but with the exception of marine painting largely disappeared in fine art until the early Industrial Revolution, scenes from which were painted by a few painters such as Joseph Wright of Derby and Philip James de Loutherbourg. Such subjects probably failed to sell very well, and there is a noticeable absence of industry, other than a few railway scenes, in painting until the later 19th century, when works began to be commissioned, typically by industrialists or for institutions in industrial cities, often on a large scale, and sometimes given a quasi-heroic treatment.

American realism, a movement of the early 20th century, is one of many modern movements to use realism in this sense.

Realist movement

The Realist movement began in the mid-19th century as a reaction to Romanticism and History painting. In favor of depictions of 'real' life, the Realist painters used common laborers, and ordinary people in ordinary surroundings engaged in real activities as subjects for their works. Its chief exponents were Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet, Honoré Daumier, and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. According to Ross Finocchio, formerly of the Department of European Paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Realists used unprettified detail depicting the existence of ordinary contemporary life, coinciding in the contemporaneous naturalist literature of Émile Zola, Honoré de Balzac, and Gustave Flaubert.

The French Realist movement had equivalents in all other Western countries, developing somewhat later. In particular the Peredvizhniki or Wanderers group in Russia who formed in the 1860s and organized exhibitions from 1871 included many realists such as Ilya Repin, Vasily Perov, and Ivan Shishkin, and had a great influence on Russian art. In Britain artists such as Hubert von Herkomer and Luke Fildes had great success with realist paintings dealing with social issues.

Realism or naturalism as resisting idealization

Realism or naturalism as a style meaning the honest, unidealizing depiction of the subject, can of course be used in depicting any type of subject, without any commitment to treating the typical or everyday. Despite the general idealism of classical art, this too had classical precedents, which came in useful when defending such treatments in the Renaissance and Baroque. Demetrius of Alopece was a 4th-century BCE sculptor whose work (all now lost) was said to prefer realism over ideal beauty, and during the Ancient Roman Republic even politicians preferred a truthful depiction in portraits, though the early emperors favoured Greek idealism. Goya's portraits of the Spanish royal family represent a sort of peak in the honest and downright unflattering portrayal of important persons.

Renaissance theorists opened a debate, which was to last several centuries, as to the correct balance between drawing art from the observation of nature and from idealized forms, typically those found in classical models, or the work of other artists generally. All admitted the importance of the natural, but many believed it should be idealized to various degrees to include only the beautiful. Leonardo da Vinci was one who championed the pure study of nature, and wished to depict the whole range of individual varieties of forms in the human figure and other things. Leon Battista Alberti was an early idealizer, stressing the typical, with others such as Michelangelo supporting selection of the most beautiful - he refused to make portraits for that reason.

In the 17th century the debate continued, in Italy usually centred on the contrast between the relative "classical-idealism" of the Carracci and the "naturalist" style of the Caravaggisti, or followers of Caravaggio, who painted religious scenes as though set in the back streets of contemporary Italian cities, and used "naturalist" as a self-description. Bellori, writing some decades after Caravaggio's early death, and no supporter of his style, refers to "Those who glory in the name of naturalists" (naturalisti).

In the 19th century "Naturalism" or the "Naturalist school" was somewhat artificially erected as a term representing a breakaway sub-movement of Realism, that attempted (not wholly successfully) to distinguish itself from its parent by its avoidance of politics and social issues, and liked to proclaim a quasi-scientific basis, playing on the sense of "naturalist" as a student of Natural history, as the biological sciences were then generally known. The originator of the term was the French art critic Jules-Antoine Castagnary, who in 1863 announced that: "The naturalist school declares that art is the expression of life under all phases and on all levels, and that its sole aim is to reproduce nature by carrying it to its maximum power and intensity: it is truth balanced with science". Émile Zola adopted the term with a similar scientific emphasis for his aims in the novel. Much Naturalist painting covered a similar range of subject matter as that of Impressionism, but using tighter, more traditional brushwork styles, and in landscapes often with more gloomy weather.

The term "continued to be used indiscriminately for various kinds of realism" for several decades, often as a catch-all term for art that was outside Impressionism and later movements of Modernism and also was not Academic art. The later periods of the French Barbizon School and the Düsseldorf school of painting, with its students from many countries, and in 20th-century American Regionalism are movements which are often also described as "Naturalist", although the term is rarely used of British painting. Some recent art historians have deepened the confusion by claiming either Courbet or the Impressionists for the label.

Realism Painting Style Video

Broadly defined as "the faithful representation of reality", Realism as a literary movement was based on "objective reality." It focused on showing everyday activities and life, primarily among the middle or lower class society, without romantic idealization or dramatization. It may be regarded as the general attempt to depict subjects as they are considered to exist in third person objective reality, without embellishment or interpretation and "in accordance with secular, empirical rules." As such, the approach inherently implies a belief that such reality is ontologically independent of human kind's conceptual schemes, linguistic practices and beliefs, and thus can be known (or knowable) to the artist, who can in turn represent this 'reality' faithfully. As Ian Watt states, modern realism "begins from the position that truth can be discovered by the individual through the senses" and as such "it has its origins in Descartes and Locke, and received its first full formulation by Thomas Reid in the middle of the eighteenth century."

While the preceding Romantic era was also a reaction against the values of the Industrial Revolution, realism was in its turn a reaction to romanticism, and for this reason it is also commonly derogatorily referred as "traditional" "bourgeois realism". Some writers of Victorian literature produced works of realism. The rigidities, conventions, and other limitations of "bourgeois realism," prompted in their turn the revolt later labeled as modernism; starting around 1900, the driving motive of modernist literature was the criticism of the 19th-century bourgeois social order and world view, which was countered with an antirationalist, antirealist and antibourgeois program.

1000+ images about Realism on Pinterest
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The achievement of realism in the theatre was to direct attention to the social and psychological problems of ordinary life. In its dramas, people emerge as victims of forces larger than themselves, as individuals confronted with a rapidly accelerating world. These pioneering playwrights were unafraid to present their characters as ordinary, impotent, and unable to arrive at answers to their predicaments. This type of art represents what we see with our human eyes.

17th Century Dutch Painting Style - Painting
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Italian Neorealism was a cinematic movement incorporating elements of realism that developed in post-WWII Italy. Notable Neorealists included Vittorio De Sica, Luchino Visconti, and Roberto Rossellini.

Science and Charity, 1897 - Pablo Picasso -
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Verismo was a post-Romantic operatic tradition associated with Italian composers such as Pietro Mascagni, Ruggero Leoncavallo, Umberto Giordano and Giacomo Puccini. They sought to bring the naturalism of influential late 19th-century writers such as Émile Zola and Henrik Ibsen into opera. The style began in 1890 with the first performance of Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana, peaked in the early 1900s.

Source of the article : Wikipedia


The Eagle Eye Perspective

How many of you have had a dream where you find yourself running away from something, and you can't find a safe enough place to hide -- because suddenly the world feels so TINY? Yet, if you were outside of your situation, you would be able to list at least a thousand places you could hide in easily....

How many of you have told yourselves that when you come into big mon
ey, you will buy this and that...and that and this, but when you DO come into the money, you spend on it on everything EXCEPT the thing you really wanted or needed?

How many of you have given solid relationship, legal, business, philosophical, or work advice to someone, only to find themselves totally clueless and lost when found in the SAME situation at a later time?

It is all an issue of perspective, people. Sometimes when we feel under pressure, stressed, or emotionally wound-up, we fail to look at the bigger picture from an eagle-eye perspective. We become prisoners of our own minds to the extent that we fail in situations that we should have conquered. It is natural to lose yourself in a moment, but never allow any moment to control you to the point it blinds you of your perspective.

So, don't forget to study EVERY situation in life with the soaring eye of an eagle. Knowing all the angles gives you competitive advantage and more power over the rest in any situation. If you have a problem with anybody, get in their shoes and look through their eyes, THEN look at the situation through the eyes of God (your conscience). If you forget where you are or where you are going, go up high in the sky and look down at yourself as if you were God. Your map will then become clear to you. And also, only when you look at yourself from an outward or upward view...will YOU also become clear to YOU.  -- Suzy Kassem


The Purge: Anarchy (2014)

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Watch The Purge: Anarchy (2014) : Online Three groups of people are trying to survive Purge Night, when their stories intertwine and are left stranded in The Purge trying to survive the chaos and violence that occurs.

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Satdee Poetry (for 16-25s) FREE

Satdee Poetry is a monthly poetry group for young people 16 to 25 yrs from across Sheffield, Rotherham, Doncaster & Barnsley (who do not attend another Hive group in South Yorkshire)
All interests & abilities welcome.
Where: Sheffield Hallam Uni (5 minutes from Sheffield train station, Howard Street, central building)

Write poems, read poems, enjoy poems, get ideas and be inspired by others who buzz off the same thing in a relaxed atmosphere. All abilities and levels welcome. This is a once a month Saturday workshop to keep you in your creative groove!

Interested? Email to put your name down, and get directions to where it’s at!
Sessions are FREE to encourage young people to travel from across South Yorkshire to attend. If travel costs are an issue, let us know.

I really look forward to these sessions!” Vertaa Lune


Prachi Arora

“Its been almost 4 years since the beautiful journey at Vidya Mandir. Yet, the memories are very distinct. The journey of going from a student who was disquieted by the mention of Math to someone who’s absolutely enjoyed the subject and being able to help out my peers and juniors in their difficulties, I owe it all to Sarin Sir. It wasn’t merely his elan of the subject, but his ability to understand the student’s weaknesses and help them grow overall as an individual, that has always been appreciated. The focus of all his classes wasn’t on how much you had scored on his papers but how much you had improved since the commencement of the classes. The experience is overwhelming and I’m always overcome with nostalgia when I cross the building, its always reminded me of how the preconceived notions of going to tuition were broken here, because we’ve had the utmost fun with friends and Sir. He’s more than just a teacher, hes your mentor. Not one class was complete without him offering advice on life and repeatedly telling you the importance of discipline. And indeed these lessons take you a long way.

A hearty congratulations to Sir on achieving so much and all our wishes to you in your future endeavors. I hope you continue to inspire many generations ahead of us. Thank you Sir !”


(redirected from cat's-eyes)
Also found in: Dictionary.

gemstone that displays a thin band of reflected light on its surface when cut as a cabochon. Its name is derived from its supposed resemblance to the eye of a cat. The optical effect, known as chatoyancy, is caused by the reflection of light from very thin, closely spaced filaments in parallel arrangement within the stone. True cat's-eye, a variety of chrysoberylchrysoberyl
..... Click the link for more information.
 from Sri Lanka and Brazil, is the most valuable, but some quartz, tourmaline, and a few other minerals that display chatoyancy are also used as gems. A golden-yellow species called tiger's-eye is a form of quartz that contains crocidolite asbestos.
References in periodicals archive ?
A CAT'S-eye that changes colour to match traffic lights is to be tried out on roads in Britain.
Skinny wraps, '50s cat's-eye shapes, bright colors, matte metals, oversize ovals, wire rectangles instead of round - they're all major looks under this summer's sun.


May 17th, 2018
Scientific researchers are known to guard the findings of their studies, keeping the information close to the chest to prevent others from taking credit, publishing or even filing a patent first.

But a new study from a research team from the Georgia Institute of Technology could dispel that notion. The team found that the vast majority of scientists disclose key details about their work informally to peers and potential collaborators ahead of publishing in a peer reviewed journal or presenting the findings publicly.

"For years we had seen these disparities in how different fields of research disclosed scientific findings, and we wanted to get to the heart of what drove those decisions," said Marie Thursby, a Regents' Professor Emeritus in Georgia Tech's Scheller College of Business.

In a survey of more than 7,100 active academic researchers in nine fields, the study found that the majority—more than 67 percent—of those surveyed disclosed their findings before publishing or presenting the work publicly. However, the motivation for sharing research findings varied widely across the fields.

"When we talk to scientists, they are extremely interested in this question—what makes the fields so different in how they approach disclosure," said Jerry Thursby, a coauthor and former professor in the Scheller College of Business. "This is the first survey to start answering that question."

The study, which was published today in Science Advances and supported by the National Science Foundation, highlights the different forces driving researchers across fields.

The most common reason among researchers for sharing details ahead of publishing was to solicit feedback from colleagues. Another common reason to disclose was to take credit for a finding before another group could disclose a similar result. Other reasons included disclosing to gain collaborators on the project, disclosing to attract other researchers to the field in general, and in some cases, to deter others from working on the exact same problem.

"In computer science and mathematics, often a scientist will send out a message that they can't solve a problem, and what they want to happen is for other people to come into their field, not necessarily to be co-authors on their exact problem, but to help work on related problems," Marie Thursby said. "The fields where they disclose to stimulate other work are ones that are more formulaic like mathematics. So it may be that results are more modular. It's easier to build on one another's work and easier to distinguish who did what."

While mathematicians and computer scientists shared a common motivator for disclosing results ahead of publication, the two groups were at the opposite ends of the spectrum on the question of whether they disclose—with computer scientists being the least likely at 43 percent and mathematicians being the most likely at 78 percent among the nine groups surveyed.

Roughly 56 percent of respondents in the engineering field disclosed prior to publication, while more than percent of the respondents in the remaining fields surveyed disclosed ahead of publication.

"For fields in which researchers worry less about when they disclose results, one hypothesis is that some forms of research require such high-powered equipment that even if someone wanted to publish results ahead of you, they couldn't," Marie Thursby said.

The study also highlighted subtle differences among biological science researchers—with researchers housed in medical schools being a bit more reluctant to share details than biological scientists at other institutions.

"In the medical field, certainly for discoveries behind drugs, patents are important, and the commercial pipeline may matter quite a bit there," Marie Thursby said. "Generally, there's been a myth that in biological sciences, researchers generally don't share. But our study shows that they do."

The Georgia Tech team also delved into the timing of the disclosures based on how far along the researchers were in their projects. Less than 7 percent of researchers disclosed at the earliest conceptual stages of the work, but about 40 percent typically disclosed research findings after they were sure of validity of the work but had yet to submit a manuscript for publishing.

"In scientific research, the quicker you get results out, the quicker that science can have an impact," Marie Thursby said. "I think this study helps us understand more about what factors influence the speed with which new findings reach a broader audience."

More information:

Provided by Georgia Institute of Technology

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Chapter 10: The Animas and the Dragon God

Anima is one of the most peculiar worlds of all the Arasmas. At its origin, it was but a huge sea that had no life; an immense ocean of salted water only inhabited by underwater rocks. Anima was no regular world though; even while lacking life, Anima was the holder of a great energy. Everything changed in that world with the migration of the dragon god. The dragon god was one of the primary beings to inhabit the Arasmas; it was a huge reptilian life form that fed on the energy of the worlds, and after destroying countless ones, it was heading for Anima. The dragon god flew all the way in the empty space to the ocean world sensing its great potential. As he arrived in Anima, the dragon god started feeding on the essence of the planet. The ocean became unbalanced, and for the first time, Land appeared on Anima. The dragon god was finally able to stop its long flight, and to take rest on the newly appeared ground. The world felt the disturbance caused by the titanic creature, and sensed that its endless surface of water might disappear once and for all if the creature continued feeding. Something incredible happened then, the world gave birth to its first elements of life: the Animas. The Animas were at first three little turtles that were no match for the giant dragon god, but the world entrusted them with its energy making them growing bigger and bigger, up to the point where they were as big as continent. The Animas combined their strength and fiercely fought the dragon god. It was a first for the giant reptilian as he was used to roam the worlds without any resistance, but he wasn’t done feeding and fought back the aggression with success. The Animas, even with their gigantic proportions were no match for the dragon god, so they needed to find another solution. They eventually understood that the dragon god was feeding on the pure essence of the world that has become theirs and that they were to die and their world with them if they did nothing to stop him, so they came up with the perfect solution. They figured out that even divided into three, the world’s energy was still easy to absorb so they needed to split it even more. The animas then opened gateways on their back that connected their world to other worlds. They knew that by doing so, Life will come to their planet, and they were right. On the other sides, humans, as well as animals were curious about those strange monuments that appeared from a day to another, so they eventually crossed them and found themselves on Anima. Many were confused, and even repulsed by the emptiness of the place, but some decided to stay. People started crossing taking with them everything that they cared for to this new world, and soon enough, Life spread on the back of the Animas. The three giant turtle infused their energy in small portions to all this life that was now present on their world, making it harder and harder for the dragon god to feed. The new inhabitants of Anima felt that something was wrong with their new home; they were feeling weaker and weaker with every day that passed. Some of them were able to feel that the ground under their feet was alive, and they eventually succeeded in communicating with the Animas. The human recognized their nature and named them Bahos, Samahos and Rahos. They asked them what was wrong, and discovered that the center of the disturbance was the dragon god. People gathered and started thinking of a way of action; they finally decided that the dragon god must be fought. Humans built countless ships on each of the animas, and headed toward the island of the dragon god. Countless warriors were ready to die for this new world that became their home, and countless did during the fight with the dragon. The dragon god was amazed by such a resistance toward his presence. He has already been to worlds inhabited by humans, but never before they have fought him. After a long and restless battle, the dragon god understood that he will never be welcomed on that world. As people were crossing the gateway, it was harder and harder for him to feed. The battle lasted for decades before he finally resolved in leaving Anima. One day, he spread his wings and flew from his desolated island toward space. Anima was finally safe, and the three giant turtles continued to provide shelter for the new life that spread across their backs. Humans knew that this world was now theirs and the animas’. They worshiped the giant beings and respected them, and in return, the animas blessed them with the energy of the world itself, creating a perpetual balance that was never to be challenged again.


31 Glengary Road, Croton on Hudson, NY
914.271.4705 [email protected]

Mazel Tovs, Thank Yous and Kol HaKavod

To Carolyn and Steve Cony on the marriage of Evan and Darlene Cony

To Harry and Ellen Greeley, on the birth of their grandson, Hudson, born to Derek and Courtney

To Lori and Matt Fraternali on the engagement of their son Daniel to Katie Trend

Mark and Beth Casso on the birth of their grandson, James Matthew Smejkal

Thank you


Passeio em Monserrate

Date 2011-09-18
Distance 1.6 km1 mi
Duration 2h:08m
Photos 43

Map Explore

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A small walk though a beautiful garden, one the most beautiful gardens in Portugal, actually. Before the walk, a breakfast in the Piriquita, Sintra.

Avoid Sundays, if you can. The garden has a QR-Code based tree guide and free wi-fi. Take a small snack and make a picnic on the grass below the palace.


SCHIZOPHRENIA-issues with classifcation Flashcards Preview

Psychology Unit 3 > SCHIZOPHRENIA-issues with classifcation > Flashcards

Flashcards in SCHIZOPHRENIA-issues with classifcation Deck (21):

what is reliability?

extent to where psychiatrists can agree on same diagnosis when independantly assessing patient

what do some psychiatrists do?

Some parts of the world may use diagnostic tool DSM and others ICD

what are the reliability issues? (6)

both different diagnostic criterias
no physical cause
interpretations of symptoms= subjective
diagnostic criteria on dsm 1 symptom required if delusions ‘ bizarre’
rosenhan main study

what is meant by both different diagnostic criterias?

ICD= 7 subtypes and DSM= 5 subtypes. although updated = diagnosis not consistent between different parts of world who are dependant on tools = 1 could say normal while other schizo

synopsis of both different diagnostic criterias?

cultural bias & ethical concerns

why is both different diagnostic criterias cultural bias and ethical concerns?

cultural-on identification tool and where patient is= inconsistent . ethical- because if diagnosed as schizo when not could affect area of lives such as employment or how people percieve them and even on the basis of being stigmatised and msitreated

what does both different diagnostic criterias also highlight?

schiz not understood well enough to even diagnose

what is meant by no physical cause?

placed on patient to report symptoms which are not always accurately described due to condition, hindering reliability

what is meant by interpretations of symptoms= subjective?

down to person doing diagnosis and importance placed on individs ability on diagnosis. vary btw health profressional. skill experience and knowledge affect reliability.

study for interpretation of symptoms?

what happened in whaley?

found inter rater reliabilty bte health professional low as 0.11 - findings- diagnosis rarely consistent btw them and dsm tool unreliable and inaccurate diagnosis

what is study for diagnostic criteria on dsm 1 symptom required if delusions ‘ bizarre’ which is difficult to always agree on?

what happened in mojtabi?

senior psych ask to differentiate between bizarre and no bizarre delusions- they produced inter reliabilty corellations of 0.40 (even diagnostic requirements lack reliability to distinguish btw schiz and non schiz symptoms - using bizarre to diagnose

synposis for mojtabi?

reductionist and attempt to over simplyfly something we dont understand

what is rosenhan issue?

rosenhan main study - (highlighted unreliability for diagnosis) normal people went to psych hospitals to claim hearing voices, they were all diagnosed with schiz and admitted. throughout stay noone realised normal highlighting unreliabilty of diagnosis raising ethical issue. follow up study rosenhan informed hosp sending fake p resulted in 21 % detection rate highlights diagnos unrelaibale meaning current undertsanding of schiz lacking validity.

what is bentall et al? (validity)

bentall et al review of research into symptoms causes and outcomes of schiz and concluded that schiz not useful sceientific category

what is schneider issue? (validity)

made first rnk symtoms not valid thouhg as sympotms overlaop other disorder such as depression.

what happened in ellason & ross

point out that people with dissociative Identity disorder (DID) actually have more Schizophrenic symptoms than
people diagnosed with it.

what does ellason & ross highlight?

issues of Comorbidity as symptoms may appear to fit in with Schizophrenia however may be due to a combination
of other illnesses that resemble it making diagnosis unreliable and treatment difficult.

what happened in copeland et al?

highlighted cultural differences in diagnosis and how this varies greatly between countries. Giving a description
of a patient to US psychiatrists and British Psychiatrists; 69% of those from the US diagnoses the patient with
Schizophrenia while only 2% of british psychiatrists

synopsis of copeland et al?

cultural bias as behaviour in one country may be seen as relatively normal 12 within the context of that culture but possibly a symptom of schizophrenia in another country/culture


Our vigilance in carefully scrutinizing the safety of Colgate Total® includes assessing any potential harm triclosan might cause in the environment. Colgate is committed to reducing our impact on the environment and strengthening the sustainability profile of our products, including the ingredients we use.

We understand the questions being asked about triclosan, have reviewed existing research, and have sponsored studies and assessments with others and on our own. We are confident in the science that demonstrates that triclosan in our toothpaste is safe for the environment.

Why should you share our confidence?

A very small amount of triclosan enters the environment. After being used and rinsed down the drain, up to 98% of triclosan is removed in modern wastewater treatment plants. The remaining amount that is then released into the aquatic environment will continue to break down, since triclosan is biodegradable and breaks down in sunlight.

To assess the potential for environmental harm, detailed assessments based on real-world exposures and concentrations have been conducted. These assessments show triclosan does not accumulate in the bodies of fish and other aquatic animals. Instead, triclosan is rapidly processed through the digestive system and then excreted as waste. These risk assessments utilizing environmental data from Europe and the US show no evidence of harm from the small amount of triclosan entering the environment.

In November 2016 both Health Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada finalized a review of triclosan. The review found that triclosan did not pose a risk to human health in Canada. Environment and Climate Change Canada stated that while triclosan may have negative environmental impact above an identified level, this impact can be managed by limiting the release of triclosan into the environment.

Colgate continues to review all relevant studies and supports continued inquiry into the potential environmental impact of triclosan. We are confident in the scientific assessment that triclosan is safe at the low levels found in the environment today. And we foresee even less triclosan in the environment tomorrow as companies increasingly formulate products with triclosan only where regulatory authorities recognize a health benefit of importance to consumers – as is the case with Colgate Total®.


💥   Watch user mashups made from clips
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Interstellar Trailer
We must think not as individuals
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Interstellar Trailer
but as a species.
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The Crown (2016) - S01E03 Windsor
As a private individual.
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...as a species...
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Are we not as open-minded as we think?
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Game of Thrones (2011) - S02E10
but not as well as he thinks.
3.3 secs
All the Presidents Men (1976)
...but only as an individual, not as the attorney of record.
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that liability applies to government as individuals, not as a unit?
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Boyhood (2014)
but apparently we're not as unique as we want to think we are.
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but not as tricky.
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Any Given Sunday (1999)
...or we will die as individuals.
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fulfill our potential as a species.
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We must find a replacement as soon as possible.
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The Mist (2007)
As a species, we're fundamentally insane.
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Marylyn, think of me for a moment, not as an attorney but as a friend.
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Humans as a species are untrustworthy creatures.
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Metropolitan (1990)
Not just for us as individuals, but the whole preppy class.
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but not as a customer...
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Harold and Maude
but not as many as you might think.
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but others were... not as forward-thinking.
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The Mentalist (2008) - S01E03 Drama
...but not as clever as he thinks he is.
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Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2013) - S02E05 Crime
But honestly, it's not as embarrassing as you think.
1.7 secs
What Happens in Vegas (2008)
that, as individuals,
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Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2013) - S03E19 Crime
That's not as embarrassing as thinking we could actually solve
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Father of the Bride Part II (1995)
We're not as young as you think we are.
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Fear of a Black Hat (1994)
No, not as individuals. I'm talking about putting N.W.H. Back together again.
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Community (2009) - S02E03 The Psychology of Letting Go
which we as a species are cursed with knowing, resulting in...


Ami Robinson

Ami Robinson RID, PMP

Associate / Project Manager

When Ami worked for a global energy company, she had the opportunity to collaborate on a tenant build-out project (and subsequent later expansion) in Malaysia. After planning the work virtually from Houston, she lived in Kuala Lumpur for eight weeks to finalize the design, coordinate with local suppliers, and manage construction. The experience made her realize that the easy part was the work itself; quickly learning the intricacies of a foreign country proved to be the real challenge.

Her professional experience is almost as diverse as her own life, having worked in a position where she filled the roles of planner, designer, drafter, project manager and construction administrator. Although that sounds lonely, she found the positive, which was a lot of “in the field” experience on job sites, interfacing directly with contractors and coordinating multiple disciplines. As a result, she gained a deeper understanding of how facilities are constructed both in terms of execution and sequence.


Kate and Lilly

Astronomy is a natural science which is the study of celestial objects (such as stars. Galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and nebulae) the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernova explosions, gamma ray burst, and cosmic microwave background radiation.

A star is luminous sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to earth is the sun. other stars, mostley In the milky Way, are visible from earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of sixed luminouse points in the sky due to their immense distance from the Earth.

for at least a portion of its life, a star shines due to thermonucleaer fusions of hydrogen into helium in its core, releasing energy that traverses the stars interior and then radiates into outer space.

a stars life begins with the gravintatioal collaspe of a gasous nebula of material composed primerly of hydrogen, along with helium and trace amounts of heavier elements. once the steller core is sufficiently dence, hydrogen becomes steadily converted into helium through neucular fusion, realising energy in the process.

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Friday, March 26, 2010

You can't wake a person who is pretending to be asleep.
Navajo Proverb

This morning -

Yesterday -
3/25/10 -

ICELAND - The erupting volcano is between two glaciers and it could spread to both ice sheets, causing major flooding. The flow of floodwater could reach 10,000 cubic metres. That could flood an area of 100 square kilometres and could also spark an eruption at the bigger, adjacent Katla volcano. A state of emergency is in force in southern Iceland and more than 500 people in villages and farms in the area have been evacuated.
When Katla last produced a major eruption in 1918, the flood water flow was of Amazon proportions at 250,000 cubic metres.
The potential eruption of Iceland's volcano Katla would likely send the world, including the USA, into an extended deep freeze. "When Katla went off in the 1700s, the USA suffered a very cold winter. To the point, the Mississippi River froze just north of New Orleans, and the East Coast, especially New England, had an extremely cold winter. Depending on a new eruption, Katla could cause some serious weather changes."
Scientists say history has proven that whenever the Eyjafjallajokull volcano erupts, Katla always follows -- the only question is how soon. "If it (Eyjafjallajokull) continues to belch, then you worry." What's key in having volcanic eruptions affect the weather is both the duration of the eruption, and how high the ash gets blasted into the stratosphere. "When volcanic ash reaches the stratosphere, it remains for a long time. The ash becomes a very effective block of the incoming solar radiation, thus cooling the atmosphere's temperatures."

RUSSIA - A belching of ash to the altitude of seven kilometers above sea level has been registered over the crater of the Shiveluch, Kamchatka’s northernmost active volcano. The exuding of ash does not pose any risks for nearby population centers, as no data on the fallout of volcanic dust there has been reported. The belching was not seen visually and scientists drew a conclusion that it had taken place on the basis of information from seismic observation stations located in the vicinity of the volcano. They registered “a surface seismic event at the volcano” having a four minutes’ duration. At this moment, the volcano displays weak or moderate eruption periods lasting from several months to two to three years. The periods of its activation were registered in 1980 to 1981 and 1993 to 1995. The last eruption ranking among disasters occurred in November 1964. The Shiveluch activated again in 2001, with a growth of the extrusive cupola – a towering of viscose lava -- evidenced in its crater. Geophysical services and agencies keep the giant under permanent watch.
Klyuchevskaya volcano continues to be active - emitting steam, ash, and lava in early 2010.

MONTSERRAT - Passengers on a jet flying over the Caribbean have received a close-up look at a massive volcanic eruption sending ash and dust higher than the plane itself. The 737 jet was flying to the holiday destination of St Lucia when it passed the Soufriere Hills volcano on the island of Monserrat midway through its eruption. Passengers rushed to the windows to see the explosion and subsequent mushroom cloud. The volcano sent a plume of ash as high as 12,000 metres, prompting other flight delays after fears the dust would get into the engines.
The partial collapse of the volcano's lava dome is believed to be responsible for the ash cloud. (photo)

PAPUA NEW GUINEA - A task force has been set up to find permanent homes for thousands of Papua New Guineans affected by a series of volcanic explosions. Around 15,000 people fled their homes on Manam Island off PNG's north coast after a series of volcanic explosions in late 2004. They have been wallowing in temporary care centres on the mainland ever since, but their presence has angered local villagers. Tension regularly explodes into violence and earlier this month one person was murdered and a mob destroyed 160 homes at one of the care centres.

Cyclone IMANI was 1123 nmi SE of Diego Garcia.
Tropical depression OMAIS was 570 nmi SSE of Kadena AB, Okinawa.

AUSTRALIA - A "disorganised low" in the Arafura Sea off the Northern Terrority could form into a cyclone and move towards the Gulf of Carpentaria, northwest of Cairns. The bureau's latest cyclone outlook notes there is a small chance, or up to 20 per cent possibility. By Sunday, there is up to a 50 per cent chance a cyclone will form in that region. "By mid next week, it could swing around and head towards the Gulf. We are expecting it to track west and intensify over the weekend and in the short-term it is unlikely to head towards the Gulf." The low was currently over warm water and surface winds were ideal for the formation of a cyclone. "Right now it's disorganised. There are a clump of thunder storms with gaps between them and at this stage it is not spinning on a particular axis."

Masks and N-95s performed equally in study - An observational study of health workers at a Singapore hospital suggests that surgical masks were as effective as N-95 respirators against pandemic H1N1 infections. For one month last summer workers wore N-95s in emergency and isolation areas, and the following month they wore surgical masks. Few workers got sick, and all transmission occurred outside the hospital. The CDC recommends N-95s for health workers caring for H1N1 patients.

Does 'man flu' really exist? - Men may have a weaker immune system and could be more vulnerable to so-called 'man flu', scientists propose. Their theory suggests there is a trade-off between a strong immune system and reproductive success. Previous experiments have found differences in the ability of females and males to deal with infection. Across a range of animal species, males tend to be the 'weaker sex' in terms of immune defences. This is usually explained by the difference in hormones.
But a leading flu expert says there is no difference in men's immunity. His team at the University of London deliberately infected men and women with the flu virus. He says there was no noticeable difference between their recovery times or their immunity. "But the women did complain more."