Types Expansion Joints

Types of Expansion Joints

Let’s look at the joints that do apply in interior applications of all types.

A cold joint is formed when one mortar setting bed has cured and another adjoining mortar bed is placed next to it. The common cold joint locations are found at the place where the mortar and tile backsplash and counter top meet and where the mortar and tile shower floor and wall meet.

Tile Doctor Tip: Wherever tile meets tile in inside corners, treat this intersection as a cold joint. This intersection is subjected to a great deal of movement in the adjoining fields of tile. This is a notorious spot for the failure of hard grout joints. These joints, when not treated properly, will fail and cracking and dislodging of grout is common.

This joint is a perimeter joint. This joint is found where the field of tile meets adjoining walls. This joint is often overlooked, resulting in tile floor failure. This type of joint needs to extend through the tile work.

A control joint is an intentionally weakened break in a concrete surface to allow for contraction stress. These joints are most often seen in concrete slabs. The concrete worker will score the concrete at intervals using a control joint cutter or trowel. Often these joints are cut after the concrete is poured, using a concrete saw. The concrete is generally scored only, not cut all the way through. This allows the concrete to naturally crack at a joint and not elsewhere in the slab. Remember that concrete cures by hydration. That means that while the concrete is curing or drying, water is being released. This causes the concrete to shrink. Control joints need only to extend through the tile work.

This joint is similar to a control joint in that it is designed to allow the concrete to crack at known locations. However, the joint is continuous through the concrete and reinforcing, and is formed at the time the concrete is poured. It is often seen with a felt or similar material visible in the joint. These joints need to extend through the tile work.

This is a planned for and constructed joint. Normally found in the field of larger tiled floors and walls. This joint extends through the tile work, through the substrate, and through the reinforcing wire. Proper expansion joint design and construction are necessary for the success of the joint.


Operation Encompass

Operation Encompass is an innovative project in which schools in Northumberland are participating, and which is run in partnership with Northumberland County Council and Northumbria Police.  Many other local authorities both nationally and locally have successfully implemented Operation Encompass.

Operation Encompass which commences in April 2017, aims to support children and young people who are affected by domestic abuse.  Witnessing domestic abuse is really distressing for a child or young person, who often see the abuse, hear it from another room, see a parent’s injuries or distress afterwards or can be physically hurt by trying to stop the abuse.

As a result, following any domestic abuse incident being reported to the police, the police will make contact with Children’s Social Care who will then communicate relevant and necessary information to nominated school staff.  This will ensure that the school is made aware at the earliest possible opportunity and can subsequently provide support to children in a way that means they feel safe and listened to.

In the meantime, if you would like to speak to someone further about the project or require further information please contact the Head Teacher to discuss your queries.

You can also find out more information here http://www.operationencompass.org/ and http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03y9r5h


Regulatory Feedback Initiative

The South Dakota Bankers Association has joined with bankers associations across the country to create the Regulatory Feedback Initiative (RFI). This initiative, created by the Coalition of Bankers Associations, will bring transparency and accountability to the regulatory process and will help every bank in the country prepare for their examinations and manage their regulatory risk.

The Regulatory Feedback Initiative consists of a confidential electronic survey where banks can anonymously provide details on their most recent examination or visitation. The information will be aggregated and analyzed on a national level so we can begin to identify discrepancies in how bank regulations are being enforced.

Most importantly, banks will be able to request a report from their State Bankers Association that summarizes the feedback of similarly situated banks to help them prepare for an upcoming exam.

About the Survey

The survey is an online survey administered by an independent, third party with a track record in collecting anonymous feedback from bank customers and employees (Allegiance, Inc.). The survey is completely anonymous and because the data is only available in aggregate form, there is no way it can be tracked back to your institution.

The resulting database of examination experiences will be a powerful resource for the entire industry. We will be able to prepare a custom “Exam Preparation Report” for individual banks which will include a summary of all the reports filed by similarly situated banks (i.e. asset size, primary regulator, region, etc.).

The database will also be a powerful tool we can use to identify regulatory problems as they are happening so we can work with the various regulatory agencies to make necessary changes in the examination process. We have met with each regulatory agency, they have reviewed the surveys and are interested in information it will provide.


It was on a rowboat near Oxford in 1862 that Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll, thought up the story of Alice In Wonderland.

Were he able to see into the future he may very well have described his protagonist disappearing down the famous rabbit hole and emerging 152 years later by the side of Albert Lake.

For in Melbourne at this time of the year the array of curious characters that occupy this otherwise calm spot are no less fanciful than the original Wonderland folk.

The wheeler-dealer former Premier, the anxious clock-checking current Premier, the diminutive and dictatorial F1 king, and the orange-topped negotiator could all take a seat at a mad tea-party.

Thankfully, perched above them all would be Daniel Ricciardo whose Cheshire-Cat grin shows no strain from the weight of Aussie expectations or all the craziness.


Hippo Sunken Rectangular Pillow

Rectangular Pillow

Hippo Sunken

by Fernando Vieira

Hippos were sacred to the ancient Egyptians. The goddess of fertility, Tuéris, was represented as a bipedal hippopotamus.
Hippos are social animals living in groups of 10 to 30 animals, although groups of more than a hundred already been observed. The groups have several females and males but only one alpha male. Mediation meetings between males of the same group is made through the practice of "gaping", which consists in confronting the two males in the water and opening their mouths at an angle of up to 140 degrees, so give the opponent an estimate of size, thus subjecting the smaller individuals and avoiding physical confrontations that could hurt both.

abstract animals digital


2 Glen Hollin Drive

2 Glen Hollin Drive, Wheeling, WV 26003

1 year ago

Affordable and Safe

Given the extremely limited options for one bedroom apartments in the Wheeling area, this is pretty good. Landlord is great and maintenance man is always willing to help. Place is a little older and outdated, but otherwise pretty acceptable place to live. The area is nice and quiet, and everyone is friendly.
2 found this helpful.


alexa Intelligent Control System for Autonomous Underwater Robots with Vision Capabilities | Open Access Journals
ISSN: 2168-9873
Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering
Medical, Pharma, Engineering, Science, Technology and Business

Intelligent Control System for Autonomous Underwater Robots with Vision Capabilities

Jebelli A*, Yagoub MCE and Dhillon BS

Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Canada

*Corresponding Author:
Jebelli A
Faculty of Engineering
University of Ottawa, Canada
Tel: +1 613-562-5700

Received Date: April 29, 2017 Accepted Date: June 13, 2017 Published Date: June 16, 2017

Citation: Jebelli A, Yagoub MCE, Dhillon BS (2017) Intelligent Control System for Autonomous Underwater Robots with Vision Capabilities. J Appl Mech Eng 6: 270. doi: 10.4172/2168-9873.1000270

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering

In this work, an autonomous underwater robot prototype capable of detecting obstacles for safe navigation had been successfully designed and tested. It uses an efficient fuzzy-based system for controlling its movement and a robust image processing algorithm to process data collected by two embedded cameras.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV); Proportional- Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers; Fuzzy logic; Cameras

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) can manage their operation by reliable programming of high-level controllers that make the device able to maneuver even under unpredicted conditions. However, decision-making issues should be adequately addressed for consistent operation, among them safe navigation through potential obstacles.

During the last few years, number of approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem but they mainly suffer from relatively slow response when there is a real need for quick decision-making [1-4].

In the designed prototype (Figure 1), two cameras have been implemented, one on the top and the one on the bottom, to collect data from the environment in order to detect obstacles. Furthermore, knowing that sensing in aquatic environments may result in image distortion occurring by refraction of light, a robust image processing technique was developed to process data through Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers.

Figure 1: The robot prototype in operation.

A technique combining color and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) characteristics was developed to efficiently describe the target and a tracking algorithm built by using these features. Tests under real conditions demonstrated the proposed approach.

Robot Design

To safely navigate, an autonomous vehicle should be able to accurately detect obstacles, make quick and appropriate decisions and select the suitable route to circumvent them.

To this aim, two thrusters were integrated to rapidly modify a predefined itinerary. To assure a fast response, the thruster angles can be easily changed to quickly provide both vertical and horizontal forces needed to move the prototype once a safer direction is selected. Note that any change in terms of angle has been made possible by the instant movement of an engine stopper, which consumes much less energy than the constant movement of a thruster.

Next, a mass shifter was included, first because of the thruster movement and, second, to make the maneuver possible in the direction of the pitch. The whole set can have two movement modes. In the first mode, thanks to the mass shifter, the body should have a constant horizontal movement and its movement towards vertical and horizontal directions should be done through a change in the thruster angle. In the second mode, the thrusters should be kept fixed in a horizontal direction and the vertical movement should be made possible through a change in the body angle in the pitch direction. The first mode is used wherever there is little room of maneuver or to pass obstacles while the second mode is dedicated to preserve energy and/or change in depths. Note that this structure is innovative and energy-saving.

Once the issue of quick moving response solved, different sensors have been implemented to collect data from the device environment. A MPU-9250 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor has been used [5]. It is composed of three sensors, i.e., an acceleration counter to measure the acceleration of the device, its balance and its deviation, a gyroscope to measure the circulation rate of the device and finally, a magnometer to determine the position of the device relatively to the North Pole.

A HMC6343 compass sensor has been also incorporated to determine the heading point of the robot [6]. Because the magnometer sensor is highly sensitive to electromagnetic noise and earth magnetic field intensity, its operation in submarine conditions might be not as accurate as expected.

Therefore, a separate digital compass sensor was integrated to increase accuracy. The selected compass sensor is tilt compensated and calibrated to handle magnetic distortions. It combines 3-axis magnetoresistive sensor and 3-axis MEMS accelerometer and compute a heading direction every 200 ms [6].

Because it is possible to define a linear relation between water pressure and water depth, the MS5803-14BA pressure sensor was used to measure the device depth. It is a high-resolution pressure sensor optimized for depth measurement systems with a water depth resolution of around 1 cm [7].

Image Processing

Color-texture histogram

Quick tracking of objects is considered as an essential issue in image processing applications and machine vision. We can be facing with many issues such as noise, image blocking, flicker or drastic changes in the background or foreground for tracking of objects in video images. Many algorithms have been proposed to address them.

Mean shift is one of the most popular because of its simplicity and efficiency [8]. Also, the most common way to display and describe an object or intended target in an image is to use histograms, considered as a density function of the target area. This approach is relatively strong to describe the appearance of objects. However, using only histogram in mean shift can raise some issues: one of them being that the target location information can disappear or, if the target has an appearance close to background, it cannot be well recognized. Therefore, additional features such as gradients or edge information can be used in alongside the histogram to resolve this problem [8].

Texture patterns represent the spatial structure of an object in the image. They are a proper feature to identify and display a target. Image texture features provide more and better data against image color histogram. Hence, the simultaneous use of color and texture histogram of image can increase the capacity of tracking confidence, particularly in complex images. But effective use of both texture and color features together is still a challenge [8]. In this work, the Local Binary Patterns (LBP) approach was thus used mainly because it is an effective and efficient technique to describe the texture characteristics of image with high computational features and unchangeable speed with rotation. It has been applied in a variety of areas including image texture analysis, facial recognition, image segmentation, etc. More recently, LBP pattern has been also used to track objects [8].

Local binary patterns

Through thresholding, the neighboring pixels with central pixel, LBP operator allocates a number to each pixel; this operator can be described as [8]: where gc is the color intensity of the central pixel and gp the color intensity of the P neighboring pixels located within a circle of center gc and radius R. The function s(x) is defined as:

equation (1)

equation (2)

Note that a different resolution can be obtained by changing the parameters P and R. Another form of LBP operator is the immutable rotation defined as follows where the index ‘riu2’ refers to “immutable with rotation” :

equation (3)

equation (4)

Target description by color-texture histogram

In describing the target, the micro-textons at the end of lines and corners, as flat patterns of the majority, represent the main characteristics of the target while, on the other hand, flat points and areas, as uniform patterns of the minority, are quantitative textures. In general, majority patterns are more important than the minority ones in describing the target, so we need to extract the majority patterns using the following formula [8].

Patterns No. 0, 1, 7, and 8 are related to uniform patterns of the minority, No. 9 is related to non-uniform pattern, and No. 2 to 6 are related to original uniform patterns. Equation (5) classifies the minority patterns in the category of non-uniform patterns. Then, these patterns are used to describe the target. Originally, it can be said that we initially used the (5) as a mask and then we modeled the target by using the color features and LBP inside this mask. Using the model provided, only pixels of the desired object which have been extracted by Equation (5) is used to describe it. In this report, these points combine the color histogram of the image with LBP histogram and model the target. This method eliminates the flat backgrounds very well and also remove the noise interference effect; on the whole, this method extracts the main features of the image.

Figure 2 shows a test example. Figure 2.3 (Left) shows the target area in consecutive frames and Figure 2.3 (Right) shows the result of equation (5) after applying the mask in which the non-black pixels represent key features of the image.

Figure 2: Tracking windows (Left), Mask extracted by uniform patterns of LBP majority (Right).

PID Controllers

The next step was to implement the controllers. PID controllers are commonly used to monitor the variations of physical quantities such as engine velocity, pressure, or temperature.

A PID controller calculates the “error” value between the process output and a predefined desired set point. The purpose of the controller is to minimize this error by accurately setting a process control adjustment. A PID is mainly composed of three parts namely, proportional, integral, and derivative; each of them considers the error signal e(t) as input while their output is summed up as:

equation (6)

and compared to the output of the system under consideration. The controller parameters are proportional gain Kp, integral time Ti, and derivative time Td. Thus, the transfer function of a PID controller can be expressed as:

equation (7)

with s the complex number frequency, Ki the integral term, and Kd the derivative term. The behavior of a PID controller can be stated as follows: the Kp coefficient increases the system velocity and reduces the steady state error (but does not make it equal to zero). Adding the integral term Ki makes the steady state error zero but adds high overshooting to the transient response. The derivative term Kd weakens the transient response and encloses the step response to the ideal step form [9-11].

Fuzzy Logic Controller

Fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) involve using logical rules (IFTHEN rules) to either accept control system parameters, design, or change device conditions. Decision rules are combined by evaluating the factors considering the level at which each rule’s constraints are met (membership function). Therefore, the controller output will be a weighted combination of all rules, which are to be effective at any given time. Kanakakis et al. [12] applied this approach to diver-less submarine vehicles while their application to AUVs has been widely utilized [13-15]. As shown in Figure 3, a fuzzy controller is composed of four main parts: fuzzifier, rules base, decision-making part and defuzzifier.

Figure 3: Fuzzy logic controller block diagram.

In summary, the input is presented to the fuzzifier, which relates a normalized value between 0 and 1 to the input, based on the defined membership functions. This value, determined according to the linguistic rule as if-then term, is finally defuzzified and sent to the next level.

In the proposed fuzzy logic approach, the processed image is divided into three horizontal sections, each of them getting a value between 0 and 1 depending on the probability of existence of an obstacle. Then the image is divided into three vertical sections and the above scoring method is applied to these three sections as well.

The number related to each section is equal to the ratio of the number of white pixels in that band to its total pixels. To prevent noise error in image processing, a threshold was defined as follow: if the above ratio is less than 2%, the related band is assumed free of obstacles. A sample scoring is illustrated in Figure 4.

Figure 4: An example of image scoring system. The original image (Top left) is subdivided into six sections (Top right), i.e., three vertical bands (Bottom left) and three horizontal bands (Bottom right).

Then to prepare the fuzzy system inputs, let us state the band scores as μL (left vertical band), μM (middle vertical band), μR (right vertical band), μt (top horizontal band), μm (middle horizontal band), and μb (bottom horizontal band). Table 1 summarizes the fuzzy controller inputs, knowing that each of the above scores are reduced from the middle part score.

μL-μM Left/Right
μR-μM FLC Inputs
μt-μm Up/Down
μb-μm FLC Inputs

Table 1: Input fuzzy decision system.

The fuzzy system decision is based on the score each section obtained compared with its corresponding middle band. Let us consider first the vertical bands and assume, for instance, that the term μLM is negative; the vertical middle part obtains both a higher score in detecting an obstacle and a higher share than the left band in terms of location. Therefore, the left vertical band is a better choice for the robot’s next movement. At the same time, the term μRM is calculated and by comparing it to the previous one, the fuzzy system makes its decision about the updated Yaw direction of the robot. The decision output will then determine the differential velocity between the left and right engines. The number provided by the fuzzy system is reduced from the average velocity of the left DC engine and added to the right DC engine.

The fuzzy rules for this system are shown in Table 2. This decision table was set to favor direct tracks. In fact, if the vertical side bands are not significantly different from the middle band in terms of scoring, the direct track is the robot’s next decision to move. Accordingly, sudden and large movements in a given direction are avoided and wasting control commands reduced. The input and output membership functions of the fuzzy decision system are shown in Figures 5 and 6 respectively.

Figure 5: Input membership functions for fuzzy systems of DC engines.

Figure 6: Output membership functions for fuzzy systems of DC engines.

Parameters PB PS Z NS NB
µL-µM PB Z Z Z Z P

Table 2: Fuzzy rules to decide dc motors performance decision to move the robot in yaw degrees of freedom (p: forward Rotation of the motors, z: off, n: backward rotation of the motors).

Note that the above membership functions were set after performing numerous tests and analyzing their performance on different images.

Similarly, there is another fuzzy controller to consider the difference between horizontal upper and lower sections and the middle one; the logic function is similar to FLC in DC engines. After performing the fuzzy operation, the fuzzy system output represents the angle in which the servomotors should be positioned (Table 3).

Parameters PB PS Z NS NB
µt-µm PB -20° - 60
PS -40° -60
Z -40° -60
NS +20° +40° +40° +40° -60
NB +60° +60° +60° +60° +60

Table 3: Input fuzzy decision system.

Like the vertical fuzzy system, the rules of the fuzzy controller were designed to orientate the robot. Figure 7 shows the system input membership functions. It should be mentioned that multiplying the scoring with a fixed number (90) give a range between -90 and +90, and then, output angles between -60o and 60o. The output membership functions are shown in Figure 8. Note that the fuzzy system output for servomotors is Singleton. Table 4 summarizes the methods used for the FLC.

Figure 7: Input membership functions for servo motors’ fuzzy system.

Figure 8: Output membership functions for servomotors’ fuzzy system.

Type Mamdani
And Method Minimum
Implication Method Minimum
Aggregation Method Maximum
Defuzzification Method Centroid

Table 4: Input fuzzy decision system.

Note also that in performing the fuzzy decisions, we added an extra constraint to limit the robot maximum depth to 8 m.

Experimental Tests

Test 1

We first validated the robot’s ability to efficiently identify potential obstacles through the threshold we fixed. In fact, as shown in Figure 9, once the robot detected a shape, it processed the image and, as expected, did not recognize it as an obstacle. Therefore, the robot continues its optimal track determined by the compass sensor.

Figure 9: Image recognition without obstacle in which the robot follows the direct path.

At t = 1s, after passing the track the robot is diverted from its track by a -45o disturbance. At this moment the servo motors maintain their previous condition (zero degree angle) the left DC motor is turned off and the right side DC motor leads the robot to left by bow moment to compensate the robot angle difference with the track.

At t = 5s, an external undesirable force was applied to force the robot body to roll +30o, which means that the robot anchored left by 30o. In this situation, the servo motors took 90o angle and the right DC motor with a speed determined that the coefficient of roll angle with robot balanced mode, a force in the vertical direction applies to the right side of the robot so that the robot gains its balance.

After being stabilized, the robot returned to its initial track: the servo motors were rotated back to the “zero angle” position and the DC motors started to roll with their predefined default velocity. It is important to note that all the above commands were automatically managed by the proposed PID controller (Figure 10).

Figure 10: The engine performance in the first test.

Test 2

Test 2 In the second test, the robot successfully detected the obstacle depicted in Figure 11. It, therefore, took the decision to roll into right and went down with a gentle angle.

Figure 11: Obstacle detection in the second test. The original image (Top left) is subdivided into six sections (Top right), i.e., three vertical bands (Bottom left) and three horizontal bands (Bottom right).

To this aim, the normal engine velocity (2000 rpm) was reduced and added to the right motor normal velocity, leading to the following quantities:

• Left DC motor command velocity: 2000 - (-523) = 2523 rpm.

• Right DC motor command velocity: 2000 + (-523) = 1477 rpm.

Thus, because the moment created at the left side of the robot is higher than the right side, the robot bended to the right side. As for the first test, the entire sequence loop was controlled by the PID algorithm.

Note that after scoring, an optimal angle was determined and sent as command to the servomotors. In this case, a -20o correction was found to be adequate to balance the robot and thus, the angle of the stepper motor, following the opposite of the servo angle, was set to +20o. From that, the robot’s top went down and right to avoid the obstacle. The above process is described in Figures 12 and 13.

Figure 12: The engine performance in the second test.

Figure 13: Diagram of the command process in test 2.

Test 3

In the third test, we detailed the robot process to bypass an obstacle. As shown in Figure 14, the robot detected an object, identified it as an obstacle, and took the appropriate decisions to successfully negotiate it.

Figure 14: Robot performance and obstacle detection in the third test. Original images: blue background, processed images: black and white.Top set: The robot detects an obstacle on its way (Frames 1th to 6th), Middle set: According to the fuzzy decision, the robot turns right (Frames 7th to 12th),Third set: no more obstacle in front of the robot and the robot can move forwards (Frames 13th to 18th).

After passing this obstacle the robot reaches a proper space for direct movement and performs its presupposed movement. After a few seconds, an external disturbance causes the robot to swing 30o degrees to its left side, we will see the control attempt to compensate disturbance. Then we will have a deviation from the path at 45o degrees to the left that will be compensated by the motors.

In this test, until the 11th frame, the fuzzy system will set commands to bypass the obstacle. These decisions were made based on the processes values of the image. Each row of the matrix below is the information of a frame.

Now the fuzzy decision inputs are ready and these vectors are presented to the fuzzy system. The following matrix is the commands presented to the engines (a row is formed for each frame).

The difference between the left and the right DC motors, servo angle and stepper angle (mass shifter) show the columns of this matrix. So, the robot behavior is designed based on the recent fuzzy decisions until the 11th second.

Until 13th seconds, the robot follows its track based on the predetermined conditions. In the 13th second the IMU sensor reports the change of angle of 30o degrees in roll direction, so the robot decides to counteract this disturbance by changing the servo angles to 90o degrees with increasing the DC motors torque (The torque ratio of the difference between angle of the robot and the horizon).

Then in the 16th second a disturbance is created in Yaw direction and the robot is diverted to the right side. So, the robot decides to counteract this disturbance by changing the servo angles to zero level and the right DC motor has a relative higher torque according to the difference between angle of the robot and the horizon. Figure 15 shows the results of the above process.

Figure 15: The engine performance in the third test.

One of the major benefits of the designed robot prototype is to save energy while being able to safely bypass obstacles. Indeed, with only two servo motors and a PID fuzzy-based controller, the system can provide an efficient and safe control of the robot’s movements. In fact, even with six degrees of freedom, the robot can be proficiently managed with only two motors, avoiding complex designs.

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I-Corp Inc. is often forced to make parts from samples or even prototyped parts without drawings or even specification sheets (reverse engineering). We also can help customers design new parts from scratch through concept completion including prototypes. Our internally developed software known as ICE allows the ability to quickly find customer drawings and references from our extensive job library. Due to this kind of work, we keep massive archives of customer drawings and records for their convenience. Experienced and seasoned machinists work two shifts around the clock 6 days a week. By placing the proper urgency on customer tasks, priority jobs are assigned crews no matter the time or day including holidays to meet the needs of the request. I-Corp places a lot of emphasis and effort to make reasonable customer delivery by always being available.

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High-speed impact platform for structures

Fig.1Track, impact body and an experiment model of the impact test platform

The platform can be used to study the dynamic behavior of large-scale structures and components such as energy absorbing structures, concrete and scaled train units etc. subjected to impact loads. The length of the track is 200m. The mass of impact body is from 30 kg~3000 kg. The impact velocity is from 5m/s to 100 m/s. The total kinetic energy can reach 1MJ.

Multiple test methods can be performed to capture the dynamic response of the structures.

The impact process can be captured by a high-speed camera with 5700 fps at full resolution (1024×1024 pixels) and 15000 fps at a resolution of 1024×258 pixels. Four 200 W white LEDs (19000 lm for each LED) have been used as light sources to ensure an adequate luminous flux is supplied to CCD for such high speeds. Using the images captured, the transient speed of the impact body can be obtained by a two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D DIC) method.

Four pressure sensors are located at the bottom of the experiment model to measure the transient backplate force during the impact process. They can also capture the non-uniform distribution of the forces in order to study the asymmetric deformation and energy absorption of the experiment model.

Fig.2 Force-displacement curve and the fold formation of the tube.


Wednesday, August 16, 2017

To Smell the Rain

“naples“Do not be angry with the rain; it simply does not know how to fall upwards.”
― Vladimir Nabokov

Up until June we hadn’t seen rain for basically months. It’s been all warm, sunny, a light breeze, nearly cloudless skies and basically perfect since September- and it was “winter.” Not surprisingly that is why so many love to come here in the winter.  But with so much perfect all the time, we start to feel a lack of balance. Often we don’t notice it until the weather starts to change. Being in sunny, perfect weather is lovely, but it is a lot of very powerful yang energy of the yin-yang dynamic. A lot of heat, a lot of dry and because it’s “season” (when so many events take place and population greatly expands) a lot of stress and stimulation, for months.

It is not until we have this huge weather shift and it all of the sudden starts raining a lot, do we notice just how relieved we are. The yin energy in the dynamic begins to offer balance. We feel the calming effect, the quieting of our thoughts and our blood pressure drops. We breathe a little deeper, welcoming the idea of being forced to slow down and relish in the idea of staying in for the night, dusting off that book we had been dying to start and getting to fall asleep hearing the pouring rain on the tin roof.

― Langston Hughes

Not coincidentally there is good science behind this understanding as well and it comes down to ions.

What is the primary health value of rain? Negative Ions. Negative ions are tasteless, odorless and invisible molecules that we inhale when we are in environments that contain moving water, like rain. Once the negative ions reach our bloodstream, they are believed to produce biochemical reactions, increasing serotonin levels that help to relieve stress, alleviate depression and even boost our energy.

It is not only rain that enables an abundance of negative ions to be released, but also waterfalls, the ocean and even dew and mist in the mountains.  Have you ever noticed how you experience a sense of euphoria just being around these beautiful settings and away from the everyday pressures of work, school or home? That’s because the air circulating around moving water, the mountains and the beach contains tens of thousands of negative ions, where as a closed home or office, with all its electronics emitting electromagnetic radiation (EMF) produces positive ions that are not good for our health. To be more accurate, they negatively affect our health.

Several universities including Columbia, Jerusalem University and the Center for Applied Cognitive Sciences in Charlotte, N.C. have studied the exposure to increased negative ions. Dr. Michael Terman is Professor of Clinical Psychology in Psychiatry at the College of Physicians & Surgeons. He heads the Center for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center and the Clinical Chronobiology Program at New York State Psychiatric Institute. Dr. Terman said, “The action of the pounding surf creates negative air ions and we also see it immediately after spring thunderstorms when people report lightened moods.”  Columbia University also conducted a study using negative ion generators to see their effect on people with winter and chronic depression. The study showed that these generators helped relieve depression as much as antidepressants. If you’d like to add one to your personal collection, this one has been very highly rated (

Researchers from Jerusalem University analyzed the effects of positive versus negative ions on alertness and work capacity.  They put women and men between the ages of 20 and 65 in a room filled with mostly positive ions and found that subjects became irritable and fatigued.  Yet when participants were put in a room infused with negative ions, their brainwaves registered as increased alertness and relaxation and they scored higher on tests measuring alertness and work capacity both during and immediately after exposure.

This was similar to the finding of Pierce J. Howard, author of “The Owner’s Manual for the Brain: Everyday Applications From Mind Brain Research” ( ) and director of research at the Center for Applied Cognitive Sciences in Charlotte, N.C., He found that negative ions increase the flow of oxygen to the brain; resulting in higher alertness, decreased drowsiness, and more mental energy.”

Now that you know this, you may start recognizing that you have your best ideas when you are in the shower, or how refreshed you feel after a walk on the beach.

It seems we have always intuitively “known” that being in nature heals. When we find ourselves experiencing nature’s loving embrace we acknowledge our reactions as we involuntarily begin breathing deeper and our blood pressure noticeably adjusts. However there has been very little scientific research on the matter, until recently.

According to Time Magazine’s look into natures healing powers, several studies are being done. For instance, Dr. Qing Li, a professor at the Nippon Medical School in Tokyo, found that trees and plants emit aromatic compounds called phytoncides that, when inhaled, can spur healthy biological changes. These changes occur in a manner similar to those of aromatherapy, which has also been studied for its therapeutic benefits.

Furthermore, in his studies, Li has shown that when people walk through or even stay overnight in forests, remarkably their blood often exhibits changes that are associated with protection against cancer, better immunity and lower blood pressure.

Recent studies have also linked being in nature to symptom relief from health issues like heart disease, depression, cancer, anxiety and attention disorders. “The quiet atmosphere, beautiful scenery, good smells and fresh, clean air … all contribute to the effects,” says Li.

According to Time Magazine,“ A small 2015 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that people who walked for 90 minutes in a natural setting, such as a forest or a nature park, were less likely to ruminate—a hallmark of depression and anxiety—and had lower activity in an area of the brain linked to depression than people who walked in an urban area.” In addition, “Accessible natural areas may be vital for mental health in our rapidly urbanizing world,” the study authors wrote.

Looking to take in the rain while staying safe and dry away from the lightening? Here are a handful of great movies that the British film Institute put together that offer powerful and very memorable rain scenes.

  1. Blade Runner (1982)

This, one of the most famous soliloquies in the history of cinema, is spoken by replicant Roy Batty (Rutger Hauer) on top of the Bradbury Building at the end of Blade Runner (982). Appropriately enough, just like the rest of the film, the scene takes place during a bucketing downpour in 2019 Los Angeles.

  1. The Bridges of Madison County (1995)

“Towards the end, Meryl Streep’s neglected housewife runs away from the possibility of happiness with her weekend lover (played by Eastwood), but before leaving she sees him standing in the rain, perhaps crying, and staring with longing through the windscreen of her car. Clint’s eloquent expression of yearning is perhaps his finest acting moment.”

3. The Shawshank Redemption (1994)

At the risk of spoiling the story, there are few more memorable moments in prison movies than the escape sequence in Frank Darabont’s adaptation of Stephen King’s novella. After crawling through “five hundred yards of shit-smelling foulness”, one of our heroes emerges into a glorious, hammering rain that seems to sum up the spirit of freedom.

  1. Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994)

One of the most popular of all British films, Four Weddings and a Funeral culminates with Andie MacDowell and Hugh Grant both escaping from the wrong partners and finally expressing their love for each other. This being the epitome of a vision of England for the international audience, it’s perhaps entirely appropriate that the finale takes place in the rain.

And the most famous of all movies with rain,

  1. Singin’ in the Rain (1952)

Is this the most famous scene that ever took place during a downpour? Using a 1929 song by Arthur Freed and Herb Nacho Brown, it was shot on a backlot when Gene Kelly was suffering from a fever. Myths abound about the filming – that it was shot in one take and that milk was mixed in with the water – but the truth is that it took three days to film and that the raindrops were made sufficiently visible on camera through the use of extensive backlighting.

The summer rain is here, the plants are smiling, the hard surfaces are getting a much needed rinse and the aquifers are being refreshed.  Apart from the inconvenience of having to dart across a parking lot during a torrential downpour, the rains are a very positive and powerful reminder of how we are or aren’t caring for ourselves. Take a deep breath, relax and let it all wash over you. If you can appreciate nothing else about the rain, just remember- this to shall pass.

― Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Have ideas you’d like to add? Need more suggestions? Let me know!

Julie Koester is CEO of Life with Moxie, a Lifestyle Revolution Company, CEO of Moxie Creed and Host of Life with Moxie Radio, Saturday’s at 1pm on 98.9 WGUF in Southwest Florida. You can reach her at

Passionate Living by Design, That’s Life with Moxie

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An Investigation Into the Port Timing of a Burt-McCollum Sleeve Valve and Its Interaction with a Simple Variable Compression Ratio Mechanism

Paper #:
  • 2017-24-0168

  • 2017-09-04
Modern automotive engines almost exclusively operate on the 4-stroke Otto cycle and utilize poppet valves for gas exchange. This state of affairs has not always been the case, however, and one unusual and relatively successful technology that was once in mass production (albeit in piston aero engines) was the Burt-McCollum single sleeve valve. This paper investigates the timing and angle-area of a Bristol Centaurus engine cylinder, which utilized such a single sleeve valve for gas exchange, using some modern tools. A comparison with poppet valve angle-areas is made. Finally, the results are also used to study the potential of variable valve timing and the interaction with variable compression ratio of a single sleeve mechanism.An opportunity for the sleeve valve is provided by the fact that direct injector placement in the cylinder junk head is effectively completely free, and furthermore multiple ignition sites can be incorporated to increase the delivered ignition energy for dilute mixtures, for example. Furthermore, as there are no mechanical impact loads (as arise from poppet valves hitting their seats, for instance), theoretically ceramics or temperature-swing materials could be more simply applied when using the technology as well, and over a larger proportion of the total combustion chamber surface area than is possible with poppet valves.The motivation for studying the interaction of timing and compression ratio was driven by the observation that it would be relatively simple to incorporate a wide-range continuously-variable compression ratio mechanism without the spatial limitations enforced by the presence of poppet valves and their timing and drive mechanisms in the cylinder head of a conventional 4-stroke engine. The potential range of compression ratio variation is also significantly larger than for poppet-valve engines because the piston does not have to incorporate valve pockets for valve-to-piston clearance at high compression ratio settings. As a result the surface-area-to-volume ratio of the combustion chamber would be expected to be less effected over any given ratio range as well.The results of this study show a very favourable trade-off between port timing, compression and expansion ratios with a simple variable compression ratio mechanism being employed. Furthermore, the system is found to provide a large potential to yield increased Miller cycle operation automatically.
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Bob Barnacle Rescue Center
Industry: Animal Shelter
Founder: Bob Barnacle
Employment: Bob Barnacle
Appearance: "Sanctuary!" (mentioning)
List of places

The Bob Barnacle Rescue Center is an animal shelter for snails. It was founded and owned by Bob Barnacle. It is only mentioned in the episode "Sanctuary!"

Sleepy Time 052
I can turn into a skyscraper!

Role in the series

Bob Barnacle mentions the rescue center to SpongeBob and states that the snails SpongeBob was taking care of had escaped from the rescue center. SpongeBob realizes his mistake, and Bob Barnacle places the snails onto a truck that is going to be transported to the rescue center. Patrick mistakenly enters the truck causing SpongeBob to have to retrieve Patrick back from the rescue center.

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Wednesday, December 14, 2011

A little about.....
Wok & Pan East Meets West Cuisine Restaurant is a famous restaurant in Melaka Raya, the town in Melacca. The restaurant was established since year 2005.The owner and also the chef of this restaurant was the ex-Executive Chef for Melaka Renaissance Hotel. There is a combination of western and eastern food serves in this restaurant, which the reason the restaurant is named. " Wok" stands for Asian style food while "Pan"is about the western food. Their signature dishes is the BBQ smoked honey pork ribs, which is the best in Melacca. The are several chef recommended dishes which are the pork chop, steaks, burger and their nyonya food. During their business hour, the restaurant will be full of people. The restaurant environment was simple and casual which everyone can dine at here. The food are outstanding and amazing, which their price are also reasonable and affordable by everyone.


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Over the past few weeks, we’ve been following the case of Joel Tenenbaum, the twenty-five-year-old physics student from Boston University who was ordered to pay $675,000 to record companies as a result of illegally distributing thirty songs over file-sharing networks. Tenenbaum’s is the second highly publicized file-sharing prosecution, following the $1.92 million judgment against a Minnesota woman, Jammie Thomas-Rasset, earlier this summer. Tenenbaum’s case received a different kind of media attention, because he had retained a legal team led by the renowned Harvard lawyer Charles Nesson.

Tenenbaum has been busy since last week’s judgment, but we managed to ask him a few questions about his plight and the larger issues of file-sharing.

THE NEW YORKER: What is your reaction to the judgment as it stands?

JOEL TENENBAUM: Disappointed but not surprised.

THE NEW YORKER: Does the amount of the judgment seem surreal? Real? Tragic? Tragicomic?

JOEL TENENBAUM: Absolutely surreal. It has no bearing to reality or any sort of market price of anything.

THE NEW YORKER: Without ratting anyone out, what per cent of your friends and acquaintances either download or share music?

JOEL TENENBAUM: I’ll let you know when I can find someone who doesn’t.

THE NEW YORKER: Given that, how can the R.I.A.A. justify this selective punishment of you and a few others?

JOEL TENENBAUM: They are “educating” a generation about how “wrong” file-sharing is. Hold me up high enough and people will stop sharing music out of fear. Meanwhile, in the real world, countless people have messaged me, “I’m never paying for music again. I can’t justify ever supporting these guys.”

THE NEW YORKER: What is the rationale for going after those who share rather than those who download for personal use?

JOEL TENENBAUM: Proving downloading is “impossible,” even though I freely admit to it. Scare enough people from sharing and the network doesn’t work. Not that that will happen.

THE NEW YORKER: In what way do they argue that this punishment of individual consumers benefits or protects artists?

JOEL TENENBAUM: In a world of flagrant disregard for copyright, they argue this will scare/educate people into respecting it. The majority of people will only get music through legitimate sources. This all ignores the fact that music is essentially free now. They’d prefer not to compete with free, but I think iTunes does this quite well. It’s a great piece of innovation.

THE NEW YORKER: Given that music downloading seems to be a runaway train, what do you think the solution is?

THE NEW YORKER: In a practical sense, can you think of any way that the record companies could use downloading to their advantage (distributing low-quality music and then encouraging purchase, investing in expiring MP3s or similar technologies)?

JOEL TENENBAUM: The recording companies tried restricting music. They tried encrypting files with DRM, Fairplay, etc., and it didn’t work. Eventually they caved and offered open, unencrypted MP3s in the last year or two, and now they’re profiting again.

If they want appeal to people’s sense of fairness, stamp on a digital sale exactly where that money goes: how much of it will be returned to the artist, how much to “nurturing new artists,” as they say.


Arts and Crafts

Join the craft resurgence movement! Happily there is a huge range of gear available in natural materials, albeit, typically at the higher end of the market. For example, paint in metal tubes, wooden brushes with natural bristles, paper, canvas, sponges (go for natural sponges), charcoals, water colours, colouring pencils and crayons. Avoid markers, highlighters, foam shapes etc.

Tags: children crafts creativity games room hobbies kids


Natural Gas Case Sparks Change in Air Pollution Assessments

November 11, 2009

If your audience is anywhere near a natural gas or petroleum well-field, a new EPA policy may affect the air they breathe — and help you build a compelling local story.

EPA recently issued an administrative ruling and policy change that could plausibly lead to a 95% reduction of important air pollutants at oil and gas drilling and production facilities in 32 states, according to one advocacy group. However, the magnitude of any reduction is uncertain, in part because it is going to be up to each state to subjectively implement the new ruling.

Dogging the resulting developments could lead to many stories that focus on both the specific cases and the underlying principle of cumulative assessments of pollutants.

EPA's ruling dealt with the state of Colorado's renewal in 2007 and 2008 of a permit for the Frederick Natural Gas Compressor Station operated by Kerr-McGee/Anadarko Petroleum Corp. in Weld Co. The advocacy group Rocky Mt. Clean Air Action (which merged in September 2008 with the group WildEarth Guardians) challenged the permit on the grounds that it didn't appropriately address the cumulative effects of all the wells, pipes, and other equipment associated with the compressor station.

General guidelines for assessing such interlinked operations had been provided in the Clean Air Act since 1980, but a Jan. 12, 2007, EPA memorandum by Acting Assistant Administrator William Wehrum had allowed states to interpret the conditions of such aggregation differently, allowing states that chose to do so to cherry pick the criteria and consider a far smaller set of interacting facilities together as one air pollution source.

Doing so would lead to far fewer instances in which a company would be required to use pollution controls to limit emissions of important natural gas field pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides (which are significant pollutants in their own right, and which are precursors for ground-level ozone), as well as pollutants such as particulates, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. That's because emissions from each individual facility, such as a pipeline or a well, typically wouldn't exceed the regulatory threshold requiring such pollution control equipment, whereas all such facilities considered together, in this case as part of natural gas drilling, gathering, processing, and related operations, would.

As part of the required steps for such a challenge, Rocky Mt. Clean Air Action appealed Colorado's approval of the permit to EPA.

On Oct. 8, 2009, EPA agreed with the group and directed the state of Colorado to reconsider the permit.

Shortly before that, on Sept. 22, 2009, EPA instructed all 10 of its regional administrators to disregard the Wehrum ruling and return to the original Clean Air Act guidelines, and provided some additional information on how to interpret them.

One key part of the Clean Air Act guidelines is that a state must consider three facets together when considering a permit. Those are whether a) the activities are under control of the same person or company, b) the activities are contiguous or adjacent, and c) the activities belong to the same major Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code.

Interpretation of these criteria over the years (notwithstanding the 2007 Wehrum memo) has led to a compendium of case-by-case determinations that offer states some direction. Nonetheless, much remains subjective, such as what exactly is contiguous, and what constitutes a person who exerts control over multiple activities. Each state will continue to use its subjective interpretation of these factors on a case-by-case basis.

WildEarth Guardians Climate and Energy Program Director Jeremy Nichols (303-573-4898 x1303, cell 303-437-7663, email), who was with Rocky Mt. Clean Air Action when the Anadarko case began, interprets the EPA ruling to mean that a state should consider together all the facilities that are under the ownership of a corporation or its subsidiaries, are in the same natural gas field (even if it's quite large), are in the major SIC codes of 13 (Oil And Gas Extraction), 46 (Pipelines, Except Natural Gas), or pertinent portions of 49 (Electric, Gas, And Sanitary Services), and are dependent on each other for their existence. For example, it would apply to a situation in which a gas well that is owned by one company must deliver its gas for processing to a compressor station owned by another company, since that gas well's existence is fully dependent on its connection to the compressor station. He thinks aggregation of sources would not apply to facilities in gas fields that are geographically and geologically separate, even if they're in the same airshed.

However, the state of Colorado may interpret things differently in the Kerr-McGee/Anadarko case, and others it reviews, just as every other state may apply different interpretations. And the EPA may also use different interpretations as it reviews state actions, or responds to other challenges by outside parties. An important part of this story will be following developments to see if interpretations of the new EPA ruling lead to major air pollution reductions, or little change.

As you track this issue, keep in mind that EPA isn't interpreting its new ruling to mean that states must retroactively review existing permits. The new direction would primarily come into play only when permits are being renewed, or issued for a new facility or one that is being significantly altered (under New Source Review criteria, which themselves have considerable room for interpretation regarding what is a qualifying alteration of an existing facility, even though there are some tangible criteria).

However, groups can continue to challenge existing permits, as Rocky Mt. Clean Air Action/WildEarth Guardians did. And some states may choose to do retroactive reviews.

Natural gas drilling is ongoing in 32 states and the Gulf of Mexico, according to the Dept. of Energy's Energy Information Administration. As of 2007, there were more than 450,000 wells.

The states with the most existing wells, in descending order, are TX, PA, WV, NM, OK, OH, WY, CO, KS, LA, KY, MI, MT, NY, AL, VA, and UT. Controversies over various aspects of natural gas drilling, including both air and water quality issues, are particularly prominent in states such as NM, CO, WY, MT, TX, PA, and NY.

Petroleum extraction is ongoing in and offshore of 31 states, according to EIA:

Among the leading production areas, as of May 2009, in descending order, are the Gulf of Mexico, AK, TX, CA, LA, ND, NM, WY, KS, MT, UT, CO, and MS.

For contact information on 22 advocacy groups working around the country on oil and gas issues, and state officials dealing with oil and gas facilities, see the Oct. 27, 2009, press release by WildEarth Guardians announcing its interpretation of EPA's ruling:

There is no formal avenue for companies or industry organizations to appeal the EPA ruling or policy change. However, as each state reviews any pertinent permits, the industry (and others) can legally challenge any new determinations.

In addition to oil and gas facilities, EPA says the same criteria for assessing aggregated air pollution sources described in its Sept. 22 memo to regional administrators apply to other facilities that are closely linked to each other, such as a cement source, a cement processing facility, and the conveyor system between the two, or a coal mine, a power plant, and the mode of transport, such as a rail line or conveyor belt, between them. EPA acknowledges that other cases beyond Anadarko that deal with a similar underlying aggregation
principle have been under review.

However, EPA says the Sept. 22 memo does not directly apply to similar interrelated water pollution sources. But it raises the issue of whether such sources should be considered collectively when establishing regulations or issuing permits. That could apply in many instances, such as the contaminated water released in natural gas fields; runoff from agricultural fields; discharges from waste treatment plants; or discharges from industrial sources.

These developments also raise the issue of whether the three criteria described in the Clean Air Act continue to be appropriate. For instance, from a pollution perspective, the toxicity impact for a given concentration of a pollutant is the same whether it came from one company's source or another's, but that accumulation of pollutants generally can't be considered at this time when issuing permits (although there can be an indirect consideration if the standard for an individual pollutant is exceeded, potentially leading to subsequent crackdowns on multiple sources in an area; however, even this version of cumulative effects assessment doesn't address the adverse health effects of multiple pollutants, which is a serious flaw in all
toxicity regulation, and most research, that many scientists and health officials are becoming increasingly concerned about). A similar limitation of current law is that drawing boundaries such as the limits of a natural gas field, or some other artificial boundary, without evaluating the entire airshed does not account for all contributors of a toxic substance. On the other hand, defining an airshed is also subjective, and a matter of scale.

Addressing some of these broader issues of cumulative effects, by including in your stories the thoughts of experts familiar with the legal, geographic, regulatory, health, and environmental ramifications of existing laws, and how they often are variably interpreted, can lead to substantial enhancement of your work.

SEJ Publication Types:


Katrine is a libertine born in the borderlands of Finland, Norway and Russia and up brought next door to Alice Bah Kuhnke in the deep forests of Småland. She nurtures herself with cultures, especially music which is why she's a common visitor of venues for indie acts. Meeting people and exchanging experiences is what she believes in because empathy and understanding is the foundation for a sustainable society.

Katrine hasn't saved anything yet.


We are having a Lunar Eclipse in Aquarius tonight August 7th/8th depending on where you are located in the world.

Eclipses represent changes and shifts in certain areas of our lives and they usually occur in pairs with a Solar Eclipse at the New Moon before or after. The influence can start weeks before, which sets the tone for the following next series of eclipses.

Eclipse season can be symbolic of a turning page, or even beginning a new chapter, in the story of our life. The series of eclipses is happening in the Aquarius- Leo axis with the upcoming Solar Eclipse occurring in Leo. Eclipses occur near one of the two lunar nodes which intersects on the path of Moon and the pathway of the Sun. Tonight it will be happening near the South Node which is associated with the past and certain aspects of this energy that could be holding us back.

Aquarius is the sign of friends, the team, the group, and the collective. Although we may experience a few positive new developments in relation to this energy, ultimately this is a South Node Lunar Eclipse which is about making changes and even endings in some cases, endings related to what it could be that is holding us back.

In the sky Leo-Aquarius nodal polarity, could be avoidance of our heart's desires and not operating enough from a creative and self-expressive side. The energies of this eclipse reflects necessary changes that could be a quick change in the coming weeks.

This eclipse's trine to Jupiter in Libra offers expansive energy in our relationships and partnerships. Friendships as well, this aspect is combined with a supporting sextile to Saturn in Sagittarius, it helps us look at the big picture. This combination involves everything to do with travel, foreign countries, currencies, education, teaching, marketing, publishing, or anything to do with reaching an audience. There may also be a theme of soul growth, related to bringing in harmony, truth, balance, lawfulness, morals, and justice.

Reflection during this Period

What changes do you have to make in relations to your network, collective, colleagues, friends, within a group that you are involved with?

What are you learning through your relationships?

Where are there opportunities for growth in relationships?

Reflect on how you're feeling during the eclipse, ground into Mother Earth and trust the process of life.

love, #krishna

art by #wai


Is USDCAD ready for me?

FX:USDCAD   U.S. Dollar/Canadian Dollar
138 0 3
I don't think the USDCAD             is done dropping, we are in the middle of the pre-summer movement and I think there's more to come. I'm looking for 1.1750 on USDCAD             if not lower, but that is my near term target for now once it breaks 1.1940.


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Monday, July 25, 2011

Nine-banded Armadillo-Dasypus Novemcinctus

Beauty Of Animal | Nine-banded Armadillo-Dasypus Novemcinctus| The Nine-Banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), or the nine-banded long-nosed armadillo, is a species of armadillo found in North, Central, and South America, making it the most widespread of the armadillos. Its ancestors originated in South America and remained there until 3 million years ago when the formation of the Isthmus of Panama allowed them to enter North America as part of the Great American Interchange. The nine-banded long-nosed armadillo is a solitary, mainly nocturnal animal, found in many kinds of habitats, from mature and secondary rainforests to grassland and dry scrub. It is an insectivorous animal, feeding chiefly on ants, termites, and other small invertebrates. The armadillo can jump 3–4 feet (91–120 cm) straight in the air if sufficiently frightened, making it a particular danger on roads
The Nine-Banded Armadillo evolved in a warm rainy environment and is still most commonly found in regions resembling its ancestral home. However, it is a very adaptable animal that can also be found in scrublands, open prairies, and tropical rainforests. They cannot thrive in particularly cold or dry environments, as their large surface area, which is not well insulated by fat, makes them especially susceptible to heat and water loss
The Nine-Banded Armadillo has been rapidly expanding its range both north and east within the United States. The armadillo crossed the Rio Grande from Mexico in the late 19th century and was introduced in Florida at about the same time by humans. By 1995 the species had become well-established in Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and had been sighted as far afield as Kansas, Missouri, Tennessee, Georgia and South Carolina. A decade later, the armadillo had become established in all of those areas and continued its migration, being sighted as far north as southern Nebraska, southern Illinois, and southern Indiana.

The primary cause of this rapid expansion is explained simply by the existence of few or no natural predators of the armadillo within the United States, little desire on the part of Americans to hunt or eat the armadillo, and the animal's high reproductive rate. It is speculated that the northern expansion of the armadillo will continue until the species reaches as far north as Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey and all points southward on the East Coast of the United States. Further northward and westward expansion will probably be limited by the armadillo's poor tolerance of harsh winters, due to its lack of insulating fat and its inability to hibernate. As of 2009, newspaper reports indicate that the Nine-Banded Armadillo seems to have expanded its range northward as far as Lincoln, Nebraska in the west, and as far north as Kentucky Dam and Evansville, Indiana in the east.
broken citationnot in citation given In late 2009, the state of North Carolina began considering the establishment of a hunting season for armadillo, following reports that the species has been moving into the southern reaches of the state (roughly between the areas of Charlotte, North Carolina and Wilmington, North Carolina). Outside the United States, the nine-banded armadillo ranges southward through Central and South America into northern Argentina and Uruguay, where it is still expanding its range. In 1995, armadillos were only seen in the southern tip of South Carolina, however, in two to three years had swept across most of the state.

Nine-banded armadillos are solitary, largely nocturnal animals that come out to forage around dusk. They are extensive burrowers, with a single animal sometimes maintaining up to 12 burrows on its range. These burrows are roughly 8 inches (20 cm) wide, 7 feet (2.1 m) deep, and 25 feet (7.6 m) long. Armadillos mark their territory with urine, feces, and excretions from scent glands found on the eyelids, nose, and feet. Females tend to have exclusive, clearly defined territories. Males have larger territories, but theirs often overlap, and can coincide with the ranges of several females. Territorial disputes are settled by kicking and chasing. When they are not foraging, armadillos shuffle along fairly slowly, stopping occasionally to sniff the air for signs of danger. If alarmed, they can flee with surprising speed. If this method of escape fails, the armadillo may quickly dig a shallow trench and lodge itself inside. Predators are rarely able to dislodge the animal, and abandon their prey when they cannot breach the armadillo’s armor

Mating takes place during a 2–3 month long mating season, which occurs from July–August in the Northern Hemisphere and November–January in the Southern Hemisphere. A single egg is fertilized, but implantation is delayed for 3–4 months to ensure the young will not be born during an unfavorable time. Once the zygote does implant in the uterus, there is a gestation period of four months during which the zygote splits into four identical embryos, which each develop their own placenta so blood and nutrients are not mixed between them. After birth, the quadruplets remain in the burrow, living off the mother’s milk for approximately three months. They then begin to forage with the mother, eventually leaving after six months to a year. Nine-banded armadillos reach sexual maturity at the age of one year, and reproduce every year for the rest of their 12–15 year lifespan. A single female can produce up to 56 young over the course of her life. This high reproductive rate is a major cause of the species’ rapid expansion

Find Here The Kinds Of Animals and Flora and Fauna


Tada to Chennai distance, location, road map and direction

Tada is located in India at the longitude of -5.93 and latitude of 54.6. Chennai is located in India at the longitude of 80.29 and latitude of 13.09 .

Distance between Tada and Chennai

The total straight line distance between Tada and Chennai is 8584 KM (kilometers) and 703.31 meters. The miles based distance from Tada to Chennai is 5334.3 miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Tada and Chennai may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road .

Tada To Chennai travel time

Tada is located around 8584 KM away from Chennai so if you travel at the consistant speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Chennai in 171.69 hours. Your Chennai travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.

Tada to Chennai Bus

Bus timings from Tada to Chennai is around 143.08 hours when your bus maintains an average speed of sixty kilometer per hour over the course of your journey. The estimated travel time from Tada to Chennai by bus may vary or it will take more time than the above mentioned time due to the road condition and differnt travel route. Travel time has been calculated based on crow fly distance so there may not be any road or bus connectivity also.

Bus fare from Tada to Chennai

may be around Rs.6868.

Tada To Chennai road map

Tada is located nearly west side to Chennai. The given west direction from Tada is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Chennai . In the travel map towards Chennai you may find enroute hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.

Tada To Chennai driving direction

The following diriving direction guides you to reach Chennai from Tada. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.

Travel Distance from Tada

Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Tada and Chennai.

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Unknown Bird Wyvern
Nicknames: Unknown
Titles: Unknown
Other Info
Description: Unknown
Species: Unknown
Habitats: Unknown
Other monsters in Relation: Unknown
Elements: Unknown
Ailments: Unknown
Weaknesses: Unknown
Signature move: Unknown
Creator: Anon

The unknown bird wyvern is a savage species that almost no one has lived to tell the tale of. This creature is pure evil!

This bird wyvern has a sort of grey-ish color in males and a faint purple in females. In the mating season the colors are alot darker in females and the males are bright red colored. Some people belive it is called Hagatrian. Recent evidence shows that at least ten sacrafices are made for it in an unknown temple on an unknown island. The person who recorded this evidence was never to be seen ever. Similar to Qurupeco, It can summon any monster in the monster hunter universe. I's natural roar sounds like WEEYII...!

It is said to have long spikes at the tips of it's wings, a giant sharp beak, a flamethrowing triple peck, and a giant tail used to smash small bystanders.

Natural enemies are Yian kut ku and smaller bird wyverns

Predators are Yian garuga, Qurupeco, Raths, large wyverns, and Elder Dragons

It's prey are usually small wyverns, Aptonoth, Apceros, and other small monsters

Unusually, somtimes it's prey can be it's predators!

Almost anywhere in the world, Mostly areas where you cannot really see well, while it can see in thosse areas thanks to thermal vision.

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Educational essay about inheritance, mutation, gene stream, hereditary drift, genetic difference, and holistic variety simply because factors answerable for history

Based on Darwin’s unique strategy for development, doing this described the developing continuing growth of living organisms from other typical very simple types to more complex and functionally diverse styles. A lot of the things a major contributor to history develop because of the necessity to adapt to prevailing environmentally friendly problems. This sort of adaptations help organisms to outlive and receive aggressive advantage over individuals (Bernardi, 2014). Although, other alters the reason for development might well be attributed to erroneous happenings for the duration of genetic functions. Both in situations, these attributes end up getting moved to up coming years of this microorganisms taking part through inheritance. Helpful transitions assist organisms to outlive a little more. They transfer much the same in their young at reproduction. Contrarily, negative properties downside microorganisms (Spots, 2011). They result in perishing from predation, hunger, health conditions, and different drawbacks. The pushes responsible for progression consist of inheritance, mutation, gene supply, genetic drift, hereditary variance, and all natural collection.

Most explanations of progression refer to the procedure as ‘descent with modification’ that will get facilitated by various sorts of factors. Both ideas in this type of term mean that the qualities that will get switched have to be inheritable. Usually, their impact can not be believed by generations to come. Even though evolves that enhance development originate from other resources, they are unable to facilitate progress without being inheritable (Bernardi, 2014). Similarly, evolution is only entirely possible in the existence of genetic variance. This gets described as the presence of prevailing differences in gene frequencies of members of a residents. Multiple differences remain positive and others will not be. For that reason, they withstand a better chance to thrive within your same exact ecosystem (Weiss, 2013).

Mutation is identified as an irreparable alteration in the sequence of organisms’ gene nucleotides. The changes may very well be patterned or random. All over again, some mutated attributes may very well be moved to organisms’ offspring and some will not. They get a result of both of these inner and environmentally presented aspects (Weiss, 2013). The most frequent situations of inside begun mutation develop throughout the time of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) duplication. Exterior occurrences can easily come from the inhalation of deadly gasses and abnormal photo voltaic radiation. Hereditary drift aids mutation when these types of qualities are transferred to offspring over the probabilities of likelihood rather then expected movements (Frenken, 2012).

Within both all-natural decision and gene circulation, trends of selection and change may just be predictable. Organic range processes as a result of various most important stages. Inside the firstly phase, variety may need to can be found some of the people in the infected populations. This makes living space for differential competing firms. This receives followed essay online by the existence of differential reproduction; an reach that points out the possibility that all organisms cannot get by to maturation. For that reason, some end up being eradicated before you start reproductive age groups (Briggs, 2010). As a result of issues, some organisms endure much better while other people usually do not. This features the element of inheritance. Valuable characteristics get moved more and more. Subsequently, they be pronounce in the future decades. These sorts of traits are noticed of having been chosen by nature. Even so, gene circulation specifies the transport of alleles from just one populace to a new one by the continuous approach of organism migration (Scars, 2011).

To summarize, Darwin’s technique to history outlined the basic treatments by which the process appears. More extraordinary elements of doing this contain inheritance and genetic variety. Forces like mutation, gene circulation, hereditary drift, and purely natural selection occasion diversity. This gets moved to future generations for development.


For some time now the energy of the higher realms has had more influence, and a greater part to play in your lives. It will gradually increase as the new and old energies become more clearly defined. It is transmuting more of the lower energies, and thus taking away their ability to hold back the progress of the Light. Indeed, as you might say, the corner has been turned and nothing but success lies ahead. Meantime it may seem no different to you in many respects, but positive changes are taking place all over your world. The old separatist ways are no longer acceptable, and people are waking up to the fact that as one Human Race you should be working together for the good of all. For too long those with vested interests to keep you competing with each other, have been able to perpetuate the feeling of individualism rather than mutual co-operation. However, you the people are waking up and realising that as One Race, it is in your interests to work for each other. We do notice that where major issues are concerned you readily come together, and present a powerful united force for good.
So Dear One's, do not ever think that your efforts to bring lasting peace to Earth are unproductive. You achieve much more than you realise and we encourage you to do all in your power to spread the Light. It does not mean placing it before people who are not ready for it, but giving a little more where you know it will be well received. However, besure you are speaking the truth as you understand it, as you would not wish to add to the misinformation that is around. As time progresses more direct information will be given to you, and gradually a clearer picture will emerge. In the past the truth of matters could only be presented in a way that people could understand it, and care had to be taken not to be too detailed or complicated. There has of course also been the difficulty in finding words to describe something for which they did not exist. Now however, your own scientific progress has moved ahead at an astonishing speed, and it is no longer as difficult as it used to be.
You have come a long way to reach this point in your evolution, and you may rightly see it as a reward for your allegiance to the truth and for the spreading of the Light. On Earth you have tended to evolve with the most difficulty, as the dark Ones have been free to do whatever they wished to stop you from finding out the truth about yourselves. However, the truth is a most powerful tool that persists in spite of attempts to distort and eradicate it. Now more and more souls are waking up, a great force for good has grown and is guiding them towards the truth that has been withheld from you. As always and quite naturally you will be drawn to souls of a similar vibration, particularly where they may be able to help your future progress. You have a very apt saying “that when the student is ready, the Master appears” and that is how you steadily evolve at a pace that suits your stage of evolution. So do not worry about your personal progress, as things will develop as and when it is the right time.
You cannot fail to have noticed that dark secrets are increasingly coming to light, and as much as those involved try, they cannot hold back the truth. This period has been spoken about previously, and that which was hidden will be revealed. You could say that it is a time when the Light will leave no stone unturned. If people take their secrets with them upon passing over it still makes no difference, as every soul has to face the truth about their life. Whatever you may think now, you cannot hide it when in the higher vibrations because as you may already know, only the truth can exist in the Light. So if you have any dark secrets, consider that it might be better to make your peace now rather than later.
Try as you might say to be a “jump ahead of the pack” and live your life as you understand it when you are in the Light. Treat all souls as equal because behind whatever outer human person you see, is a soul just like you who eons of time ago came from the Angelic Realms. On Earth each soul is playing a role as member of the Human Race, but is clothed in a body that serves its purpose according to where they live. Furthermore, it will have been genetically provided with whatever it needed to act out its role on Earth. So please do not judge others on the basis of how you “see” that person, but look at them as a fellow traveller having the experiences it needed to evolve. We have no doubt some of you will ask, why if they were all Angels originally do they not have more Light now. The answer is that in the lower vibrations such as your present 3rd dimension, it is difficult to bring the higher levels of Light through.
嘗試你們所說的“不拘一格，勇於創新”（jump ahead of the pack）並活出你的生命真諦那麼當你處於光之中的時候便會理解它。請平等的對待所有靈魂 ，因為在人類外表之下你能夠看到，作為一位靈魂億萬年之前你們都來自天使領域。在地球上每個靈魂都在扮演著一份角色--作為人類種族的一位成員，但它被包裹在一副軀體之下，根據著他們所生活的地點和方式服務著它的目標。此外，伴隨著在地球上所服務角色的必要性也有著遺傳學角度的基因配備。所以請不要評判其他人---在你如何“看待”這個人的基礎上，而是作為同胞的旅行者，在獲得必要進化體驗的靈魂去看待他們。我們不懷疑你們中的一些人會問---如果他們曾最初都是天使，為何現在他們沒有獲得更多的光？回答是--在你們所處的3D維度的更低振動中，很難讓更高層面的光穿透。
However, your objective is to bring more Light through to increase your level of vibration. At some point in the near future you will in fact be successful, and as a result be ready to rise up into the higher dimensions. Indeed, as soon as you are ready you will be lifted up but can still visit the lower dimensions, as you will be able to lower your vibrations to do so.
Thank you SaLuSa.
Mike Quinsey
Website: Tree ofthe Golden Light


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EghtesadOnline: More than 75 high-profile current and former US political and military personalities have written to US President Barack Obama, advising that he pursue deeper engagement with Iran.

According to ISNA, Politico reported the development on Monday, saying the letter was penned by bipartisan signatories.

“Given the stakes, the US will need more, not less, engagement with Iran,” they wrote.

The figures include retired Sens. Tom Daschle (D-S.D.), Mark Udall (D-Colo.), Carl Levin (D-Mich.), J. Bennett Johnston (D-La.), and Nancy Kassebaum (R-Kan.), as well as former Rep. Lee Hamilton (D-Ind.), it revealed.

Also among the signatories are former Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Merrill McPeak and Nobel Prize winners Leon Cooper and Burton Richter.

“The US should develop policies that increase the chances of cooperation with Iran, minimize confrontation,” the letter read.

“We acknowledge that opportunities will be limited for testing Iran’s willingness to work directly with the US due to the political uncertainties in both countries in the coming year, but engagement should be the US government’s long-term goal.”

It urged the creation of a direct diplomatic channel, with deputy foreign ministers at either end, which would obviate the need for the countries’ top diplomats to contact one another. It also suggested the creation of a contact regime with “emergency communications capability.”

Should Washington widen the current distance between the two sides, it would risk jeopardizing US interests in the Middle East and invite further open conflict for the US there, the signatories warned. Shortening the distance, however, would benefit both countries’ respective interests, they said.

However, they described it as incumbent upon the US chief executive to “influence Iran’s actions in the region,” and to not risk alienating its regional allies, most importantly Israel, at the cost of closer Iran engagement.

Politico reminded that the next US president could reverse any trust-building measure which Obama could potentially take toward the Islamic Republic.

As a case in point, it referred to GOP aspirant Donald Trump, who has threatened to tear up the nuclear agreement between Iran and the world powers, including the United States, which was reached last year and which put an end to nearly a decade of a dispute over Iran’s nuclear program.

On June 14, Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei pointed to the threats by some US presidential hopefuls to scrap the nuclear agreement, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), saying the Islamic Republic will strongly respond to any such move.

“We will not violate the JCPOA, but if the opposite side violates it — as US presidential candidates are currently threatening to tear up the JCPOA — if they tear up the JCPOA, we will burn it,” the Leader stated.

The letter by the US figures also urged communication between the US Treasury Department and the Central Bank of Iran to more easily address questions surrounding the relief of sanctions promised under the JCPOA.

Under the deal, Iran agreed to limit its nuclear program and provide enhanced access to international atomic monitors in return for the termination of all nuclear-related sanctions imposed by the United States, the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) against the country.

The US Congress, however, has been taking various measures aimed at preserving the obstacles in the way of US and European trade with Iran. European banks have balked at the idea of resuming transaction with Iran, fearing punitive US measures, presstv reported.

Earlier in the month, the Republican-weighted US House of Representatives voted by voice to pass two amendments to a financial services spending bill aimed at barring Chicago-based Boeing from selling commercial passenger aircraft to Tehran.

The move came just a month after Boeing and Iran’s national airline Iran Air reached a USD 25-billion agreement. According to the deal, a total of 80 aircraft will be sold and a further 29 will be leased with Boeing’s support.

JCPOA Barack Obama


X - MIKS 2017 „ Ancient Astronauts “

As part of the
3rd International Exhibition of Caricatures in Sisak
will be held the

 1st International Exhibition of Comics
1st International festival of Aphorisms
Debate on the theme „Ancient Astronauts – Krešimir Mišak
and other Artistic Performances.

The Organizer of the 3rd International Cartoon Exhibition Sisak – MIKS 2017 „Ancient Astronauts“ is  International Association of Cartoonists "MIKS“.
The Project Leader and the President of the Organizing Committee is a mr. Nenad Ostojić.
The Contest of International Cartoon Exhibition „MIKS“  is open to Everyone, Regardless Nationality, Age, Sex, or Profession.

The Truth is Around Us! Or maybe not? Do You Believe in Ancient Aliens, Angels or in Gods??
This Contest is dedicated to a Popular Theory about  Ancient Aliens!
What is the Origin of Human Race? Were we created by Gods or Ancient Aliens? Where did they come from? Why did they leave? Where did they go? What was their goal? Are Humans Aliens on planet Earth? What is the Secret of UFOs? Who built the Pyramids? Do Alien Civilisations exist? What would happen if we Contacted them?
The Cartoonists’ task is to create their work based on those Topics.
The task for the Portrait Cartoonists is to draw people who have created the theory of Ancient Astronauts (Aliens) or People who claimed there are Ancient Civilisations in the Universe, like Erich von Däniken, Carl Sagan, Giorgio A. Tsoukalos, Stephen Hawking, Nikola Tesla, Neil deGrasse Tyson, George Noory, David Hatcher Childress...
1.  Works must be originals and any kind of graphical technique will be     accepted, including digital artwork, sent by Internet, if  the prints are SIGNED BY THE AUTHOR and if they are indicated as PRINT NUMBER ONE, or a originalto this contest.
2.    Entries can be either black and white or coloured.
3.    There should be the name, the surname and the address on the reverse side of the cartoons.
4.    The Cartoons must not have bee previously awarded on festival.
5.    Maximum 5 entries will be submitted (per  topic).
6.    Size of entries is a A4 or A3 format (300 dpi).
7.          Each Cartoonist must fulfill the Application Form and send it with your work    (regular mail or e-mail)
Entry Deadline is the  01.06. 2017. (June 1, 2017.)
3rd International Cartoon Exibition Sisak  - X - MIKS 2017 „Ancient Astronauts“
Gradski muzej u Sisku,
Ulica kralja Tomislava 10,
44000 Sisak, HRVATSKA (Croatia)

Digital works can be sent to the e-mail address; cartoonmiks@gmail.com

1. Grand Prix – 800 Euros,
2. Second Prize  –  500 Euros,
3. Third Prize  – 250 Euros,

MIKS 2017 awarded 7 Special Awards: 3 Awards  selects Jury of MIKS,  one choosing the Visitors, a Special Recognition Awarded to our Partners and promoters Fenamizah, Good Humor Party and Toon Mag.
The Exhibitons will be Staged in the Gallery of the City Mussem in Sisak,  29.06.2017. to 30.07.2017.
Only at Explicit Request will the Remaining (Original) Works be returned to the owners (at their expense).
Authors of the Works that qualfy to the Exhibition are Given a presentation  hard copy od the Exhibition Cataloque.
The Organizer reserves the right to reproduce the works sent to the MIKS 2017, as the advertising material, without being obliged to pay a fee to the author whose work may be used.
The copyright remains the property of the artist.
The Prize-Winning works become the Property of the Organizer.
Nenad Ostojić
Tel: +385/98-339-405
e-mail: cartoonmiks@gmail.com
I.          Nenad Ostojić (Croatia, Cartoonist)
II.          Zoran Petrović (Germany, Artist, Cartoonist)
III.          Arifur Rahaman (Norway, Cartoonist, Editor)
IV.          Eduardo Baptistao (Brasil, Cartoonist)
V.          Krešimir Mišak  (Croatia, Journalist, Writer, Editor of TV shows; At the edge of science)
VI.          Marco De Angelis (Italy, Cartoonist)
VII.    Darijana Gotal Sokolović (Croatia, Cartoonist)
VIII.    Roko Idžjotić (Croatia, Cartoonist)

Page lue 300 fois


High Schoolers Perform Epic Flash Mob At Their Own Graduation

Graduating seniors at Kahuku High School in Hawaii surprised their families at their commencement ceremony with a lengthy musical number, spanning everything from Miley Cyrus to the Jackson 5. Reportedly, the students learned the entire dance in just two days! The routine gets more fun as the video goes on, and ends with students performing a Haka dance, which is traditionally performed by the Māori people of New Zealand. A Kahuku student’s parent who serves as a Maori cultural specialist put together the dance and taught the students how to rock it. Congrats, class of 2015! [BuzzFeed]