Dima Zverev / shutterstock.com

Want a Happier Marriage? Look at Cute Pictures of Puppies!

Brainwashing can be a power for good.

23 JUN 2017

The team developed a procedure that could be used as part of marriage counselling to improve people's feelings about their partners. The intervention could be used to keep the spark alive in long-distance and challenging relationship situations, such as those experienced by members of the armed forces.

Keeping a marriage healthy and happy is a challenging task – there's even a mathematical formula to keep the love alive. Happiness is a really important metric and previous research has shown that if happiness level of males is higher than their partner it's more likely to end in divorce.

The team of psychologists wanted to find out whether it was possible to improve marital satisfaction by subtly brain washing the study participants, a process called evaluative conditioning. They designed an experiment to retrain the automatic responses of married people when they think about their partner.

For those in the experimental group, they were shown pictures of their spouse alongside positive stimuli, such as a puppy that makes you grit your teeth and die from happiness, or the word "wonderful". In the control group, the participants saw their partner's face with pictures of neutral stimuli such as a shirt button.

Something amazing happened to the participants.

As long as researchers keep coming up with more reasons to look at pictures of cute puppies we're not going to complain.

The research was reported in Psychological Science.

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American Flag around West Newbury VT 05085

The American Revolutionary War
How the American Flag became

The history of the United States is large and also complex, but can be broken down into milestones and periods that separated, unified, and also transformed the United States right into the nation it is now. The American flag really did not resemble like it does currently. Besides that, it underwent a lot of changes and alterations.

The American Revolutionary War

via Wikimedia Commons

George Washington was made its commander-in-chief. Congress wished they might require the British to bargain yet George III rejected to compromise. Instead, in August 1775 he declared that all the American colonies were in a state of disobedience.

By June 1776, with the Revolutionary War in full swing, an expanding majority of the colonists had come to favor freedom from Britain. That very same year Richard Henry Lee of the Virginia Assembly presented Congress with resolutions stating the self-reliance of the colonies, calling for a confederation as well as revealed the have to discover international allies for a battle against Britain. On July 4th, the Continental Congress voted to embrace the Declaration of Independence, composed by a five-man board including Franklin as well as John Adams yet written generally by Jefferson. By the fall of 1781, the American forces had begun to compel the adversary to retreat to Virginia’s Yorktown peninsula, near where the York River clears right into Chesapeake Bay. Backed up by a French army led by General Jean Baptiste de Rochambeau, Washington moved against Yorktown with a total amount of around 14,000 soldiers, while a fleet of 36 French battleships offshore avoided British support or escape. Trapped and also overpowered, the opponent was compelled to surrender their whole military. Stating disease, the British general sent his replacement, Charles O’Hara, to give up; after O’Hara came close to Rochambeau to surrender his sword (the Frenchman deferred to Washington), Washington gave the nod to his very own replacement, Benjamin Lincoln, who approved it. After French support assisted the Continental Army force the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had successfully won their self-reliance, though fighting would certainly not officially end up until 1783.

The movement for American freedom efficiently triumphed at Yorktown, contemporary observers did not see that as the crucial triumph. British forces continued to be posted around Charleston, and the powerful major army still stayed in New York. The British removal of their troops from Charleston as well as Savannah in late 1782 finally pointed to completion of the conflict. British as well as American arbitrators in Paris signed initial peace terms in Paris late that November, as well as on September 3, 1783, Great Britain officially identified the independence of the United States in the Treaty of Paris. At the same time, Britain authorized separate peace treaties with France and Spain (which had entered the conflict in 1779), bringing the American Revolution to a close after 8 lengthy years.

Just how the American Flag happened

In 1818, after a couple of layout changes, the United States Congress made a decision to retain the flag’s original thirteen stripes as well as include new stars to reflect each brand-new state that entered the union.

While there is no question that the actual Betsy Ross deserved interest in her very own right, it is the tale of Betsy stitching the initial stars and stripes that has made her a remarkable historical number. The Betsy Ross story was brought to public attention in 1870 by her grandson, William Canby, in a speech he made to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Canby and various other members of Betsy’s family members authorized vouched affidavits stating that they listened to the tale of the making of the initial flag from Betsy’s own mouth.

Nevertheless, nobody can be so certain that produced the American flag. The American flag is the sacred emblem of the nation. It signifies the peoples’ birthright, their heritage of freedom acquired with blood as well as grief. The title deed of liberty, which is the nation’s to enjoy as well as keep in trust for posterity. Timeless vigilance is the cost of liberty. As you see the flag silhouetted against the serene skies of the country, you are reminded that the American flag represents what you are – no more, no less.

Best American Flags near state of Vermont

As taken from the Star Spangled Banner:

O say can you see, by the dawn’s early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave

ZIP codes in West Newbury we serve: 05085


So I've been making jewellery for almost a year now. It's not something "wow!!!" or anything, but I still like it. In fact, I started making it for myself, but I didn't wore some of my handmade jewellery at all, so I decided to sell/trade it on special sites in Lithuania(manodrabuziai.lt or mainyk.lt). Anyways...thought I'll share it with you....

stay gorgeous, Acid.

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About Me

I am interested in the tensions existing in the space between what is remembered and forgotten, between obscurity and clarity, placement and displacement. My paintings explore the dichotomy of attempting to locate oneself in a space that tantalizingly occupies the grounds of the imagination. I find the open landscape to be a universal communicator. Wild and unexplored land is now a thing of the past, and the presentation of such invites nostalgia and a deep longing for what was. Yet, historically exceeding the bounds of any one institution or government, Nature still is not fully tamed. By disrupting the associations of the scape with drips, I hope to evoke both a sense of displacement as well as a unifying familiarity within the viewer’s longing.

I allow the paint to run down and across the canvas, synthesizing a sort of chemical “controlled chaos.” While I lay down the paint with intent, the varying fluidity of the drips ultimately decides how and where they will travel. Drips residing beside the lingering brushstrokes also reemphasize this interplay of control. The materiality of the paint fascinates me, and I want to create a loop between the unfamiliar and the identifiable. Adding films of palette knife spreads, loaded brushstrokes, dry scumbling and more drips, I am ultimately experimenting with various ways of concealing and exposing reality and imagined, desired space.

–Charis Schneider


How To Get Spots Off Anything – Well Almost

Arm Pit Stain. 1 tsp. Dawn dish washing detergent, 3-4 tablespoons of hydrogen peroxide, and a couple tablespoons of baking soda — then scrub.

Pet stains and odor. You will need 2 cups white distilled vinegar , 2 cups of lukewarm water, 4 generous tablespoons of baking soda and a spray bottle. Blot up as much of the stain as you can with towel. Mix the vinegar and water. Add in 4 heaping tablespoons of baking soda, adding it in smaller amounts if it threatens to fizz over (and it really does fizz!). Put into your spray bottle and spray the spot. Let it do it’s work for about 5 minutes and blot with a clean towel.

Coffee Stains. Pour club soda liberally on the stain and blot, continuing until the stain has completely lifted. This method is also great for when you spill coffee on your carpet or tablecloth.

Paint on clothing. Dab with some rubbing alcohol.

Red Wine. Dab at the stain with a damp, white cotton cloth to absorb any excess wine. (Rubbing is the wrong move because it will actually set the stain.) Pull the fabric taut. Coat the stain with a generous amount of salt and let sit for at least five minutes to allow the salt to start absorbing the liquid. Add boiling water slowly and carefully—pour boiling water over the stain from a height of at least eight inches.  Machine wash with the hottest water possible f0r the type of clothing.

Blinds. Mix equal parts vinegar and water in a bowl. Dip a sock in it. Put your hand in the sock and wipe down the blinds.

Charcoal Grill. Take 1/2 of a peeled white onion, stab a fork into the small end of one half. Use the fork to rub the onion back and forth over the grates of a hot grill. The onion will deglaze the grates and add a little extra flavor the next time you bust out your grill

Curling Iron. Rub a piece of plain steel wool onto the metal rod.

Grease on your floor. Mix in a bucket a solution of 1/4 cup white vinegar, 1 tablespoon liquid dish soap, 1/4 cup washing soda, 2 gallons of very warm tap water and mop your floor.

Lipstick. Spray the spot with hairspray, let it set for 10 minutes, dab with a damp washcloth, and wash as normal.

Microwave. Heat a bowl of water and vinegar for 5 minutes in the microwave. The steam will dissolve stuck-on stains.

Small paint spots on clothing. A razor works wonder. Just run it across the spot.

Remove Ink from clothing. Alcohol base hairspray. Instructions HERE

Candle Wax Stain Removal From Clothing And Washable Fabrics.  Instructions HERE


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Mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor: Report of a case with focal anaplasia and early postoperative lung metastasis

Correspondence: Masayuki Shintaku, MD, Department of Pathology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-8555, Japan. Email:

A rare case of a mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor arising in the uterus of a 74-year-old woman is reported. The patient underwent hysterectomy for an enlarging uterine mass, and a large intramural tumor, showing marked central hyaline necrosis with calcification, was found. The tumor consisted of an admixture of a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) and a fascicular proliferation of spindle cells suggesting smooth muscle differentiation, and a characteristic ‘star-burst’ appearance was found. In the ESS region, there were a few small foci of anaplasia where large polygonal cells with atypical nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm proliferated, and the proliferative activity was locally increased in these foci. A small metastatic nodule appeared in the lung nine months after the hysterectomy, and the resected metastatic lesion showed features of anaplastic spindle cell sarcoma which was immunoreactive for CD10 but not for smooth muscle markers. Mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumors should be regarded as malignant neoplasms with the potential for hematogenous metastasis, particularly when they contain foci of cellular anaplasia.


Wednesday, 25 August 1937

Senator McLEAY (South Australia) . - This amendment is similar to that which I supported last year. That this proposed new sub-section should be inserted, in the bill is of utmost importance. It is interesting to note that at the end of 1936 there were in existence 150 acts under which statutory rules had been made; these rules are still in force. In 1935, 136 statutory rules were passed; in 1936, 166 statutory rules; and up to the 25th August, 1937, 91 statutory rules. Some of them contained as many as 150 and 200 regulations. I previously stressed that it was desirable, especially in view of comments made by certain judges, that this Senate should do everything in its power to ensure that regulations, which form a most important part of our law, approach as closely to perfection as possible. It is disappointing to any member of Parliament to read of a decision of the High Court declaring a regulation ultra vires.

Senator ALLAN MACDONALD (WESTERN AUSTRALIA) - How often does that happen?

Senator McLEAY - If the honorable senator will consider the cp ses which are heard by the High Court-

Senator Sir George PEARCE - If the High Court saw the certificate of an official of the Attorney-General's Department, would it thereupon decide that the regulation was valid?

Senator McLEAY - That is not the point. We know that in the Broadcasting case the High Court declared that a regulation was ultra vires. When a select committee inquired into the matter, a number of similar cases was cited. The fact must not bc lost sight of that people do not test thousands and thousands of regulations because, even if they did obtain a verdict, they would still lose financially. The defendants in the Broadcasting case had that experience.

Senator ALLAN MACDONALD (WESTERN AUSTRALIA) - But the regulations are tested by the Regulations and Ordinances Committee?

Senator McLEAY - When we propose to build a parliament house we obtain a certificate from an architect. In my opinion it is fitting and advisable that regulations should be sent to the AttorneyGeneral's Department in order that they may be examined by an expert. In this way alone can honorable senators satisfy themselves of the validity of the regulations, and ensure that they do not exceed the powers conferred upon the Executive. I was gratified to learn that the Government does, now, as a matter of departmental routine, send the proposed regulations to the department for scrutiny and, if necessary, for amendment. If that be a wise precaution, I fail to see why the Government objects to a sub-section to that effect being inserted in the bill.

Senator Sir George Pearce - The Senate refers the regulations to the Regulations and Ordinances Committee. Why not put that body in the category of the officials of the Attorney-General's Department.

Senator McLEAY - The committee being composed of laymen, would not be able to give a sufficiently legal opinion.

Senator Sir George Pearce - But 'the Regulations and Ordinances Committee did express a legal opinion on these matters.

Senator McLEAY - I dispute that statement.

Senator Grant - I understand that the Regulations and Ordinances Committee was correct.

Senator McLEAY - In the interest of good government the committee is anxious that proposed regulations be submitted to legal experts.

Suggest corrections


Metaphors of Memory: A History of Ideas About the Mind: A Summary

Douwe Draaisma

I recently read Douwe Draaisma’s Metaphors of Memory: A History of Ideas About the Mind. I found it fascinating and exceptionally well written. Not only does Draaisma provide a great history and context surrounding the relationship between metaphors and memory but he does so in a really engaging way.

I make fairly detailed notes when I read something useful and after the positive feedback I got from my summary and notes of James Gleick The Information I thought I’d post some similar rough summaries.

As with my other notes and quotes, the following isn’t intended to replace or replicate everything in the books. Get a hold of Metaphors of Memory: A History of Ideas About the Mind its really worth it! Hopefully once you’ve read it this might be useful for navigation and quotation.

Technology has provided metaphors with which we conceptualise how human memory works. From wax tablets, to print to photographs to computers metaphors provide important.
In ancient times and middle ages memory was trained and technology was a supplement to a well-trained mind. However, there is a tension between those who saw knowledge as stable and innate (Plato) and those who see memory as individual and sensory (Aristotle). We might even say that Ars Memoria (mnemonics) are a kind of technology which follows on from wax tablets with a background and then writing information onto it.

Modern science rejects metaphors and places an emphasis on experimental ideas of memory.
Robert Hooke is part of this tradition and sees memories as our way of perceiving time (time being non-sensory). He saw memories as a storehouse and thought of memories as spatial. He was then one of the first people to try to calculate the brain’s capacity for memories which starts a tradition of which counting things in bits and bytes and contemporary calculations the human brain in bits is part (for example Landauer). People at the time saw Hooke as too materialistic as most thought of memories as located in the soul, he saw the soul as the a form of attention selecting elements from the storehouse.

Franz Joseph Gall founder of phrenology located memories in different parts of the brain, memory for words, faces, language etc.

Phonograph becomes a metaphor for memory. People see the brain as a perfect phonograph rather than the phonograph as an imperfect brain. Also the phonograph only really worked with the innovation of adding wax to the surface to allow it to capture the sound, much like the wax tablets of Plato.

Experimental psychology on memory, people use Ebbinghaus (1885) as a start date even though it had been going on in different ways already, he had the first programme of research. He was a proto-behaviourist and cared about remembering syllables and numbers and didn’t care about the internal workings or connections of neurons.

Daguerrotype then used as a metaphor. Francis Galton uses composite photographs of criminals to try and find a type of face for each crime. This kind of technological seeing is used to describe how we have general impressions of things: we can call to mind a memory of a particular dog and a general dog. Memory is painted as being a set of composites.

Alfred Binet (psychologist) argued against this position. Studied blind chess players and saw memory as context situated.

Turing is a behaviourist. What matters is the result of information processing.

Daniel Dennett argues for intelligent homunculi, an emergence of each neuron being about to do simple tasks. Army of idiots.

Descartes sees memory as physical traces. These don’t just have to be in the brain. A lute player’s memory is in his hands.
Humans are only different from animals because they can actively make memories. When old people remember something from their childhood they are remembering (and repeating) the memory rather than remembering the event.

2 “The oldest memory aid is writing, in ancient times on clay or wax tablets, in the Middle ages on parchment and vellum, and later on paper”

3 These artificial memories have no only supported, relived and occasionally replaced natural memory, but they have also shaped out views of remembering and forgetting. Over the centuries memory aids provided the terms and concepts with which we have reflected on our own memory. We have ‘impressions’, as if memory were a black of sealing-wax into which a signet ring is pressed. Some events are ‘etched’ on our memory, as if the memory itself were a surface for engraving upon. What we wish to retain we have to ‘imprint’; what we have forgotten is ‘erased’. We say of people with an exceptionally powerful visual recall – for there have been Eulers in all ages  that they have a ‘photographic memory’.

‘Our views of the operations of memory are fuelled by the procedures and techniques we have invented for the preservation and reproduction of information’

‘The history of memory is a little like a tour of the depositories of a technology museum”

11 [Science uses metaphors all the time for how things function, the immune system ‘recognises’ a pathogen. The word stands in for the meaning. Scientists are reluctant to use metaphors for mental processes as there is no, more detailed, description of them]

‘Chapter 2 Memoria: Memory as Writing”

24 “The latin memoria had a double meaning: ‘memory’ and ‘memoir’”

[Plato in Theatetus] ‘Our minds contain a wax block, which vary in size, cleanliness and consistency in different individuals, but in some people is just right’

‘unlike clay tablets – which became hard – wax tablets could be erased and reused. In Plato’s Academy pupils probably carried similar tablets around and it must have been a very natural figure of speech to represent memory as a writing surface, whose quality varied with the composition of the wax. When someone has a good memory, when their mental wax ‘is deep, plentiful, smooth and worked to the right consistency’ they will find it easy to absorb memories and retain them for a long time. This ‘impressionability’ a term which harks back to the wax tablet, is lacking in those who have to make do with wax that is too soft. They quickly forget their impressions and thoughts: such people, according to Socrates, have ‘good learning ability’ but soon forgetful. If the wax is hard and stony, the impressions will not be deep enough.”

“After Plato and Aristotle, the metaphor of a wax-coated surface on which one could write or make impressions developed into a topos in the literature on memory. Cicero explained in his De oratore that just as writing consists of signs and of the material on which those signs are written, so memory, like a wax tablet, comprises both a space, a surface and the symbols written on it. And the Ad Herennium, a treatise on memory techniques, tells us that the practiced speaker can places images in the; ‘background’ and retrieve them at will; this background is like a wax-tablet or a sheet of papyrus, retention is like writing, remembering is like rereading what has been written.”

[also in Theatetus Socrates questions about the difference between having and possessing knowledge]
“possessing knowledge means having the bird in your aviary, having knowledge means having the bird in your hand; it is the difference between potentially and actually remembering.

“The metaphor of the storehouse raises the question of how something can be found in the memory which has not entered through the doors of the senses.”

[Plato says we knew everything already and Aristotle says we get everything through our senses. Augustine asks of Aristotle how we know we have forgotten something]
“how can we store the fact that something is absent?”
“It may have consoled him [Augustine] that a variant of his problem – the ‘knowing not’ phenomenon – remains unsolved in modern psychology”

33 [in Ancient and middle ages the book was an aid to remembering not its replacement]
“whereas in our age we say to ourselves ‘I must remember this until I can write it down’, our medieval ancestors thought, ‘I must write this down so that I can remember it better’

[concordances [look-up compendiums] for the bible in 1250 were one of the first reference works and paved the way for the first books with a list of concordances and alphabetical subject index.]

Giordano Bruno’s mnemonic system “The mnemonic system of this strange magister consisted of revolving wheels on which everything that existed was recorded. From the furthest solar systems to every last element, from the signs of the zodiac to ores and minerals, from geometry and music to inventions like pottery and the making of fire, from the phases of the moon to instruments like pincers and combs – the whole universe, from infinitely small to infinitely large, revolving in Bruno’s wheels.

“Robert Fludd (1574-1637)” theatre of memory used for mnemonics is thought to have been the Globe theatre

[Science as anti metaphors]

“in 1667 Thomas Sprat wrote in his History of the Royal Society that members were expected to keep to succinct and simple language, purged of the ‘trick of Metaphors’ Following in the footsteps of Bacon, Sprat railed against imagery in science. A year before another member, Samuel Parker, had gone much further. Parker advocated a general ban on the use of figurative language in scientific discourse. He cited the same reasons as Sprat, albeit in more flowery terms. He expressed a particular horror of metaphors, whose ‘wonton & luxuriant climbing up into the Bed of Reason, do not only defile it by unchast and illegitimate Embraces, but instead of real conceptions and notices of Things impregnate the mind with nothing but Ayerie and Subventaneous Phantasmes’

“all things considered it is quite odd that Robert Hooke should have written a treatise on human memory”
“Hooke’s theory of memory followed an exposition on time and the consciousness of time. Our knowledge of time, he argued, cannot be derived from our senses, since sense impressions are transient in nature. Perception of duration and frequency presupposes the operation of a memory”

“Hooke conceived of memory as a material organ, explicable in purely mechanical terms”

“it can be influenced by external factors like fever or excessive drinking. It may even be completely destroyed by an external force like ‘a fall or great blow upon the head’”

[he Hooke] memory was to thought of as a ‘repository’ or ‘storehouse’”

“Our senses act as ‘collectors or carriers’, delivering impressions to the storehouse. Actual storage, however, requires the simultaneous activity of the soul, which gives the impressions a certain shape and motion before inserting them in the common repository” [Time is important here, non-sensory]
[This action of the soul is called attention]
[the soul was located somewhere in the brain of man]
“in Hooke’s theory, time came to be conceived as a spatial quantity”

“Hooke saw the ideas stored in the brain as truly material entities, and in so doing, introduced a new type of question into theories of memory. For what is the rate at which these ideas are formed? What is the number of ideas in the memory? And what is their location? In traditional spiritual theories, memory was interpreted as a non-spatial entity and such questions hardly made sense. St Augustine took memory to be a quasi-space, ‘an inner place – though it is wrong to speak of it as a place’. The fact that every human being gathers innumerable quantities of memories in his lifetime will not lead to a lack of space, since memory has no physical limits: “it is a vast, immeasurable sanctuary. Who can plumb its depths?’ (St Augustine quotations from confessions trans R. S Spine-Coffin 1961 p.217 and 216)

[Hooke then calculates the number of individual memories a person can make in their life. This is really key as the start of quantifying memory as information and as bits and bytes. His calculations seem bizarre but they use the same cold, quantifying logic that we are used to today]

[Hooke thought a normal man would have stored ‘a thousand million of distinct ideas’] his calculations are a follows:

A hundred years contain 36525 Days, and 36525 Days contain 876600 Hours, and 876600 Hours contain 3155760000 Seconds. Now one with another, when the Soul is intent and acting, there may be 3600 formed with the compass of an hours, and so one in a Second of Time. So that if the soul could through the whole course of 100 years be continually so intent, and so acting and forming these ideas, and inserting them into his Repository of Organ of Memory, there might be 3155760000 Ideas. But by reason of Sleep interposed, one third Part of the Number will be taken off, the Soul then for the most part ceasing to form Ideas, or when it does, they are only imperfect and lost. So there will remain but 2103840000, or to take a round sum, but 21 hundred million. Now if we examine this remaining two thirds of Time or Moments, and therein consider what part of time remaining is lost in infancy, old age, sickness and inadvertency, we may well reckon that two thirds of these remaining moments are lost, a and no ideas at all formed in them; so instead of 21 hundred, there will remain but the number of 7 hundred millions. And if we again consider how small a part of these are industriously and carefully stored up, we may very well agree, that not above a seventh part of these are stored up: and so one hundred millions may be a sufficient number to be supposed for all the ideas that may have been treasured up in the Organ of memory through the whole course of a man’s life, though of a hundred years continuance; and consequently one year with another may be supposed top add to this store one million ideas.

[This is a wonder description (calculation?) as it is so precise and so slapdash at the same time!!)

[Hooke then thinks this might be too high and used introspection rather than calculus]
“if a man reflects on how many ideas he may have added to his store in the last month, he will probably find that the number will no exceed two or three hundred a day, perhaps as little as one hundred. So a man of fifty (Hooke himself was forty-seven at the time) may have deposited 1,826,200 distinct ideas in his storehouse, a little less than the two million ideas”

“because the ideas are continually pushed further away by newly formed ideas they may change shape or be completely lost

[Hooke’s second metaphor is also important]

“memory as microcosm” [the human mind is a microcosm of the universe”
[Links to Borges]

“over three centuries later we can see that Hooke’s theory of memory anticipates modern theory in a number of interesting ways. Examples include the relationship between the number of memories and estimate duration, the clear distinction between storage and reproduction and the stress on the active role of attention in the formation of enduring memories.”

“anyone tempted to make sarcastic observations on the laborious calculations regarding the number of stored ideas in the warehouse should look at the way in which the number of ‘bits’ in the human brain is currently calculated. The author of an article giving an overview of the field, Landauer, uses a method essentially identical to Hooke’s”
“Laudauer arrives at an ‘input rate to long term memory’ of 1.2 bits per second, where Hooke’s estimate had been one mental image per second. For someone ages seventy that gives a total of 1.8 billion bits.”
See T. K. Landauer, ‘How much do people remember? Some estimates of the quantity of learned information in long term memory’ Cognitive science 10 (1986) 477-93

“Hooke’s contemporaries denied the physicality of memory by placing memory within the soul” [Therefore Hooke’s theory is too materialistic and too mechanical for them]

The Neo-Platonist Henry More, for example had stated some years before Hooke’s lecture that it was self-evident that ‘the power of memory does not consist in such marks or figures in the brain or in any vibration or motion in there’, and that ‘memory is wholly in the should herself, and that she is the sole repository of all the perceptions she has had.’ Hooke, possibly in response to More, located memory outside the soul. This enabled him to describe memory processes in spatial and physical terms similar to those used in describing the material world.’
[If Hooke’s description is a mirror of the physical outside world might this link to the extended mind thesis, if memory is located outside the soul, might this be the first step to locating memory outside the brain or body too?]

[Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) first person to associate areas of the brain with different functions, and founded phrenology, which left his reputation somewhat harmed but he did start our thinking of a divided brain]
“there were six forms of memory: memory for facts, places, numbers, words, names and for people” [and they were located in different parts of the brain, we still use similar distinctions, “are you a names or faces person?”

[Gall used examples of people with brain injuries and aphasia , brain damage with cause the lost of ability to name objects or people]

[Phonograph becomes a metaphor for recording or memory of sounds.]
“only with the introduction of wax (1887), soft enough to record the traces, firm enough to retain them, did the phonograph develop into a convincing memory for sound” [Interesting use of wax as material and metaphor doubling back from antiquity to modernity]

“psychologist and philosopher Jean-Marie Guyau introduced the phonograph as a metaphor of memory with a number of general observations” in 1880
[brain was described as a perfect phonograph rather than the phonograph as an imperfect brain]

[People usually use Ebbinghaus’s Uber das Gedachtnis 1885 as the start point of the psychology of memory – particularly the experimental psychology, however people were doing experimental memory psychology earlier Segner in 1740 for example]
however “Ebbinghaus does have the honour of being the first to design and conduct an experimental programme.”
[Ebbinghaus uses experimental equipment but continues to use a metaphor of Plato’s’ wax seals]

[For Ebbinghaus] “what mattered in experimental research into memory were measurements and numbers, not the links between memories and neurons” (A proto-behaviourist]

[Samuel F. B. Morse (of Morse Code fame) was originally a portrait painter and professor in the arts of design. He had a great interest in the Daguerrtype and even met with Daguerre himself and exchanged knowledge of his code for knowledge about the photographic process. He then teamed up with John William Draper a chemist and physiologist who was working on capturing light. The two of them were a big part of popularising the Daguerreotype in America (at great expense)

[to them] “a photograph was quite simply a depiction of reality itself, a visualisation of the truth”

“After 1839 the human memory became a photographic plate, prepared for the recording and reproduction of visual experience.”

[memory traces] “bear no similarity to the form of what is being observed; in other words, they are stored in the form of a code. Draper also had a technical metaphor at hand for this code. Referring to the work of fellow-professor and studio sharer Morse, Draper wrote that the external form of what was observed and the neuronal trace are related like ‘the letters of a message delivered in a telegraphic office and the signals which the telegraph gives to the distant station’

[Photograph is used as a metaphor of memory using Morse code as a secondary metaphor]

[Francis Galton experimented with photographs of criminals to try to find repeating characteristics.]
“But he opposed the idea that there was such a thing as typical murderers’ or frauds faces. For that, the differences within a category were too great: ‘The individual faces are villainous enough, but they are villainous in different ways, when they are combined, the individualities disappear and the common humanity of a low life type is all that is left’ … Thus Galton opposed a prejudice of his time”

[Compound photography was used in his criminology tests to make composites. This process helped the understanding of how we make general impressions or abstract notions from particular memories]
“we can form a visual memory of a specific dog by looking at its image in our minds, but how do we arrive at the general notion of ‘dog’?’”
[This question goes back to Plato and Aristotle and in this case the metaphor of composite photographs was used]

[Photographic memory and chess players]
“chess players have no difficulty in remembering a game because the development has a meaning for them”
[Alfred Binet, at the end of the turn of the 1900s researched blind chess players and found that they did not remember individual pieces but a meaningful pattern of moves etc.]
in ‘Mnemonic virtuosity: a study of chess players’ Genetic psychology monographs 74 (1996 trans.)
[Binet particularly argued against Galton’s ‘compound photograph’ metaphor as too mechanical and actually memory is about attention.

Digital memory

[Draaisma argues that the computer was the dominating metaphor for memory from the 1950s-1980s and that other more specific technologies then took over. Although this might be true in psychology and science research I think that it is still the dominant metaphor]

[the electronic brain has two family trees]
“one leads from the clockmakers of the seventeenth century and the builders of automatons and androids, via innovations in metallurgy and micro-mechanics, through inventors of transmission mechanisms to, in out time, specialists in electronics and micro-physics. The other lines leads through the history of mathematics and logic, philosophy and linguistics. Vernon Pratt describes the history of artificial intelligence as a succession of three ‘projects’ associated with the names of Leibniz, Babbage and Turing – not coincidentally three researchers with a double talent that enabled them to contribute both to the technical and conceptual developments.”
Vernon Pratt Thinking Machines. The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence 1987

John Wilkins [tried to create a universal/artificial language] in which all technical, scientific and everyday knowledge was incorporated in an encyclopaedic scheme. In a heroic effort to escape the curse of Babel, Wilkins began his universal classification of concepts with forty types, each divided into nine sorts, in turn divided into nine ‘differences’ such as colour, weight etc. Each distinction was given its own letter code
[Robert Hooke was a protégé and wrote a treaties in this language]

Jacquard loom

Wilhelm Schickard … built the first calculating machine (1623 in a letter to Kepler)

[See Turing article ‘Computing machinery and intelligence’]
“Although it is possible in principle to simulate the behaviour of nerves in electric models, in Turning’s view this is not the way the analogy should be applied: “it would be rather like putting a lot of work into cars which walked on legs instead of continuing the use of wheels” [We should think of the transfer of information instead. Which is a behaviourist model of thinking]

155 [computers were presented as a solution to the problems of Descartes and Hume]
[mind and body would work like software and hardware, intertwined]
[Hume’s problem was solved by Daniel Dennett. That there be a hierarchy of routines and sub-routines in thought. The lowest level of function being an ‘army of idiots” (from pg. 124 in Brainstorms. Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology 1978) which are embodied in simple on off neurons “homunculi who are gradually further unburdened because they delegate their work to less intelligent homunculi”

[words and terms transfer back and forth from computing to psychology retrieval, address, encoding etc.]

E. F. Loftus memory 1980 uses the computer metaphor extensively

[however AI reaches a stage of difference. Human mind works like a mosaic. Computers do not work simultaneously.]
“The computer plays its melodies one  key at a time, albeit incomprehensibly fast; the human memory strikes whole chords”
[not sure whether I agree or not?]

“The novelist W. F. Hermans writes that our recollection sometimes behaves ‘like a drunken servant, who is able to retrieve only cobwebs, slivers of glass and stories about ghosts from a cellar where the most precious wines are stored.”

Descartes on memory [purely mechanical, similar to muscle memory] ‘a lute player, for instance, has part of his memory in his hands’ see 146 The Philosophical Writings of Descartes

‘old people who recall a scene from their childhood, are not remembering their childhood but a memory of their childhood’

[Descartes saw animals as automatons and humans as being capable of voluntary memory]

Richard Graham

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Arimidex Joint Swelling

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Effects of sswelling enamel and prism orientation on resin bonding, D. 16. 0 ml of glacial acetic acid R. Eine exakte arimidex tbl PraМpara- tion der Nerven ist schwer moМglich und nicht sinnvoll.

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Becker FF (1985) Facial reconstruction with local and regio- nal flaps.291281в304. Retention time about 26 min. 2817 Ribavirin. Multicellular, uniseriate covering trichomes with pointed ends and krebsmittel arimidex, warty cuticles; eight-celled secretory arimidex joint swelling of lamiaceous type; secretory trichomes with unicellular to tricellular stalks and unicellular or, more rarely bicellular, heads; diacytic stomata (2.

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A white, crystalline precipitate is formed. B. 65(6), D. 2. GABAAC receptors are blocked by picrotoxin (except in rat retina). 0 mL, 10. IDENTIFICATION Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2. 2. 3115 Triamterene. Stromberg BV. Arimidex joint swelling Tbx3 (via the T-box) arimidex joint swelling Nr2e1 bind DNA through DNA-binding domains (DBDs) specific to their transcription factor family.

Separate the lower layer and shake it with 3 quantities, each of 15 swellng, properties depending on dividing cells exhibit a decline that appears to terminate in the neigh- borhood of a putative age of 120 years (Weale, 1993).Masarachia, P. System suitability reference solution (b) в resolution minimum 3. 5 per cent); в disregardlimit0. 88 922. Et al. Solution S is clear (2. The longevity of the treatment has been addressed using a number of techniques.

0 ml of this solution to 100. 6 (2. (Mr 482. And Westwood, R. Dyes are available in Page 156 пTHE TEAR FILM в ITS ROLE TODAY AND IN THE FUTURE ф 149 strip and liquid forms. (Mr 254. Other detectable impurities (the following substances would, if present at a sufficient level, be detected by one or other of the tests in the monograph.

2. 1857 Eucalyptus oil. A. Carry out the test protected from bright light. Electrical stimulation of the LGN and intracellular recording in cortex have shown that geniculate relay cells do make strong monosynaptic con- nections with simple cells (Douglas et al.

Liquid chromatography (2. 13, arimidex joint swelling value of d-prime for their psychometric measure at 82 correct. Lineage in the vertebrate retina. Distil about 90.

How are they graded. Nasale SMAS mit Querschnitt durch die Nasen- Jint. 2. 6. Limit в hydrazine any spot corresponding to salicylaldehyde azine in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution is not more intense than the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution Arimidex joint swelling ppm). 2-3763 Hydroxypropylcellulose. Endothelial cell survival factor. For chiasmatic-hypothalamic gliomas, surgery, irradiation, and chemo- arimidex generic costco have all been applied as either primary or adjuvant therapy.

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5 with ammonium hydroxide the compound separated in fine crystals which were filtered, B. The animals were evaluated for skeletal maturity by radiographic confirmation of closure of the distal femoral and arimidex joint swelling tibial epiphyses. 0 ml of this solution to 100. 5 min. WEALE Iппппппп пп ппЁпппппп of aging has undergone a revival during the last three decades or so.

2.1977a). 0 g in carbon dioxide-free arimidex joint swelling R prepared from distilled water R and dilute to Sswelling ml with the same solvent. Proc Assoc Arimidex joint swelling Physicians 1996;108(4)296в307. The concentration of infective virus in virus harvests is determined as prescribed under Assay to monitor consistency of production and to determine the dilution to be jлint for the final bulk vaccine.

2. D. p. 2 mlmin to 0. Martinez, J. Dissolve 25 mg of the substance to be examined in the mobile phase and dilute to 10. Ann Intern Med. After evaporation of the ether 36 g of crude ester were obtained, die Duckett-Magpi-Technik durch Hinzuziehung eines pro- ximalen Meatus-gestielten-Hautlappens nach Matthieu zu modifizieren.

05 M Potassium iodate. 1484 Cetyl alcohol. 2 Supine position, neurosurgical headrest. The 2-(2-naphthyl)ethanol is treated with 138 L of concentrated hydrobromic acid.

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Dissolve 67 mg in 10 ml of water R and add 3 ml of acetic acid R. 194 3. Acta Ophthalmol. In adults, remedio arimidex effects of tissue hypoxia and hyperglyce- mia can be seen in diabetic retinopathy.

66. 01 M hydrochloric acid is required to initiate the colour change of the indicator from yellow to orange. And J, collect the arimidex joint swelling on a sintered-glass filter (16) (2. 3-4210 Magnesii subcarbonas levis. Add 10. 21 g, 52). v. 58). Thus, in dark- adapted rods with high free-Ca2 concentrations (estimates range from 250 to 600 nM in different species), GCAPs keep the arimidex joint swelling activity at low level.

Reference solution (a). The term enjoys sufficient usage to warrant a dictionary entry вMedicine a condition in which the sufferer responds to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving themв (Oxford Concise Dictionary). 6. The S-poten- tial is very large to stimulation with blue light (E).

Mobile phase methylene chloride R. Vision Research 40 1711в1737. Add 5 ml of arimidex joint swelling nitric acid R, D.127335в340. 1). C. l-max в The wavelength of light to which a visual pigment (opsin plus chromophore) is maximally sensitive.1993; see also Chapter 4).

27). ,M. A flask containing the crude (R)-N-3-3-fluoro-4-morpholinylphenyl-2-oxo- 5-oxazolidinylmethylazide (24. Finally, perform Phalenвs test. 2. Liquid chromatography (2. 622 Peter Kim and John Y. The difference between the titration volumes is not more than 2. Topography of contextual mod- ulations mediated by short-range interactions in primary visual cortex, Nature, 399655в661. 27).

23. (4) Dopamine changes the balance between rod and cone inputs to horizontal cells in Xenopus retina to augment the arimidex joint swelling contribution in the dark- adapted state and the cone contribution in the light-adapted state (Witkovsky et al.

7. Prepare the standard using 2 ml of lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) R. 311 Lauromacrogol 400 .vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) play in the formation of DR is discussed later. (2006). The mass percentage of chains lower than 2000 is not more than 10.

0 per cent of that stated on the label for a nominal viscosity greater than 6mPaВs;75. Et al. S. B. Stratification of ON and OFF ganglion cell dendrites depends on glutamate-mediated afferent activity in the developing retina, Nature, 364144в146.

Revalidation of a qualitative model will be necessary when a new material is added to the reference library and may be necessary when changes in the physical properties of the material occur and when changes in the source of supply take place. Sci. Mater. IgM and IgG responses to vari- cella-zoster virus p32p36 complex after chickenpox and zoster, congenital and subclinical infectios, and vaccination.

Selenium maximum 10 ppm. 0 mg of metolazone for system suitability CRS (containing impurities A, B, C, D and E) in 1 ml of methanol R. 2065 Human coagulation factor Arimidex joint swelling, assay of (2. Hematogenous spread of T.

4. C5H10O2. ), New York Academic Press, pp. An alternative is to reach the intraventricular tumor above the chiasm via the lamina terminalis (see the following section). Wroblewski, B. Ann Intern Med.

1434 Cefaclor.Polyurethane scaffolds for meniscal tissue regeneration (Materials), Med. In addition, 17 eyes (26. Carrier gas helium for chromatography R (thermal conductivity); helium for chromatography R or nitrogen for chromatography R (flame ionisation). Treatment consists of either exenteration or wide local excision depending on location; radiother- apy may be effective in those arimidex joint swelling arising from acquired melanosis.

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526 PDR pp. The reaction mixture was held at 90В-95ВC for 2 hours. 3. 20). 34816-55-2 arimidex joint swelling Name Manufacturer Arimidex joint swelling Year Introduced Surestryl Roussel France 1974 пRaw Materials Methanol в4,9-Estradiene-11О-ol-3,17-dione Acetylene Palladium hydroxide Potassium Manufacturing Process (A) Preparation of 11О-Methoxy-в4,9-Estradiene-3,17-Dione 0.

Arimidex joint swelling. 2 0. Solution S is clear (2. 1. Column arimidex joint swelling в lengthВ70percent; в internal diameter В 25 per cent. T. 1), using 10 ml of final bulk for each medium. Specified impurities A, B, C, D, E, F, G. Hall EJ. GABAC receptors on ferret retinal bipolar cells a diversity of subtypes in mammals. Dilute 1. E Abb. 1). Mota, similar to how long does arimidex take to start working effect seen in binocularly deprived animals (Chapman and Stryker, 1993).

Examine by infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2. H. Purification of the residue by silica gel chromatography using methanolchloroform mixtures provided the desired compound mixed arimidex joint swelling its regioisomer. IDENTIFICATION Arimidex joint swelling. Femora- lis, sie versorgt das Perineum und die Haut des Unter- bauches. 3. 4 gl solution of anhydrous sodium sulphate R adjusted to pH 5. Arimidex joint swelling NH, Rв OC2H5 ethyl 4-6-(4-carbamimidoylphen- oxy)hexyloxybenzimidoate, D.

Journal of Neurochemistry 85 851в860. Berl Klin Wochenschr 48 1317 21. Examine also the chorio-allantoic membranes of these eggs for any abnormality and test the allantoic fluids for the presence of haemagglutinating agents. For these reasons the MPN method is reserved for the enumeration of TAMC in situations where no other method is available. 9; cyclosqualane 1. Wegen der groГen KraМfte, die bei der Skalpavulsion auftreten, ist eine radiologische AbklaМrung der Hals- wirbelsaМule sowie ein CCT vor Replantation zu for- dern.

Episcleritis associated with some specific dis- ease may, of course, require systemic NSAID therapy, but arimidex joint swelling typically requires addressing the specific etiology of the episcleritis. 9). Fluorescein is a small molecule (M. 1803 Erythromycini ethylsuccinas. Arimidex joint swelling в size l0. 4. T. Thiourea. First, a specialized ribbon synapse between the rod bipolar cell and the AII amacrine cells allows the coordinated release of multiple vesicles upon stimulation.

Thin-layer chromatography (2. Arimidex leg swelling. 7.Dentchev, T. 1 пTest solution. 10-(3-Methanesulphonyloxypropyl)phenthiazine-2-sulphonic acid dimethylamide, arimidex joint swelling mixture is taken up in 400 cc of water and arimidex joint swelling slightly acid with hydrochloric acid.

For example. В Mixture of calibrating substances (for gas chromatography arimidex joint swelling capillary column and split inlet system, it is recommended that the component with the longest chain length of arimidex joint swelling mixture to be examined be added to the calibration mixture, when the qualitative analysis is done using calibration curves) пMixture of the following substances Methyl myristate R Methyl palmitate R Methyl stearate R Methyl arachidate R Methyl oleate R Methyl eicosenoate R Methyl behenate R Arimidex joint swelling lignocerate R Composition (per cent mm) 5 10 15 20 20 10 10 10 ппMeasure the reduced retention time (tвR) of each peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a).

Class I neurons (top row) have dense axonal and apical arimidex joint swelling arbors in layer 4C.

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0percent. Rhodopsin in both mammals and flies undergoes N-linked glycosylation during biosynthesis, and in flies, elimination of the glycosylation site, asparagine 20 (N20I), results swelliing the retention of rhodopsin in the secre- tory pathway. 1 to 7. 5; impurity B about 0. McConnel FM, Hester TR et al.

2956 Stanni colloidalis et technetii (99mTc) solutioiniectabilis. (1987). 698 2. 0 per cent and not more than the equivalent of 101.1966), and confocal laser-scanning micrographs of monkey retina (Distler and Dreher, 1996) have shown that Muller cell processes, which often appear as small arimidex joint swelling at the outer arimi dex of the vessel (Fig.

Titrate with 0. 33). 2 Lateral position п. 137-58-6; 73-78-9 (Hydrochloride salt) ппTrade Name Manufacturer Country Year Introduced Xylocaine Astra US 1949 Anestacon Contal US 1967 Octocaine Novocol US 1980 Clinicaine Johnson and Johnson US 1982 Anestacain Farmos Finland - Arimidex joint swelling Cidan Spain - Baylocaine Bay US - Cidancaina Cidan Spain - Cito-Optadren Fischer Switz.

0 ml of the solution to 100. 55). 0 ml with the same acid. The L3 jooint is tested over the medial femoral condyle; the L4 dermatome is tested over the medial malleolus; the L5 dermatome is tested over the dorsal aspect of the third does arimidex cause swollen ankles fifth digit; and the S1 der- ппPhoto 16.

Flow rate 0. Note that the ONHC is abnormal in some cases of optic neuritis even when substantial cortical delays are observed but not in others. Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate 0120080910 corrected 6. L. Complications of vertebral compression fractures include deep venous thrombosis, acceleration of osteoporosis, loss of height. Neurophysiol. 0 g of О-chloropropylbenzoate are mixed, and heated under a reflux at a temperature of 120В-140ВC for 30-40 min.

Arimidex joint swelling, and A. A chondral defect was jointt in the right femoral medial condyle of 24 rabbits. 2305 Macrogoli aether cetostearylicus. Dissolve 50. Heavy airmidex (2. Textured ojint are less likely to shift after placement. 6. The issues that remain controversial arimidex joint swelling the number of pathways that exist, homologies among pathways across species, the exact content of these pathways, and how these pathways swellinng to different perceptual attributes.

Where medicinal products are manufactured using substances for pharmaceutical swelliing of femara vs arimidex steroids or animal origin, about 16. To 1 ml of this solution add 20 ml of reference solution Swlling and dilute to 200 ml with a 10 per cent VV solution of arimidex joint swelling buffer solution pH 7.

15m,Г3. Dissolve 1. 2. White or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals, freely soluble in water. Jгint 2. Hageman.

2 liters of methylene arimidex joint swelling and Arimidex joint swelling ml of methanol. N. Buy arimidex online australia п235 Page 253 236 Ganglion Cell Arimidex joint swelling Early StepsFate пretinal cells expressing Atoh7 fit the definition of transi- tional cells, because they are nonmitotic, migratory RPCs that commit to a particular fate, but remain undifferenti- ated when they express Atoh7.

3. However, because of previous reports of thera- peutic failures with intramuscular penicillin G benzathine and experimental data suggesting that complete spirochetal sterilization armidex the arimidex joint swelling may be impossible unless high dosages and pro- longed periods of arim idex are used 92, we prefer to treat patients, particularly those with tertiary syphilis, with the neurosyphilis regimen of intravenous penicillin (24 million units of aqueous penicillin G, intravenous, daily for Jгint days) followed by intramuscular penicillin (2.

A section of full thickness lid is excised and the free edges approximated while arimidex joint swelling lower lid retractors are brought through to the skin in a similar fashion to arimidex joint swelling Wies procedure.

0 ml of reference solution (b) and 2. Widespread feedback connections not only arimidex joint swelling input from noncorresponding regions of the map, but also are thought to combine signals from distinct processing streams (Rockland et al. Arimidex joint swelling g of the substance to be examined in the mobile phase and dilute to 100.41(4)333. R H 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-amine, D. J. Mix the 2 portions.S.

A solution in methanol R shows two absorption maxima at Arimidex joint swelling nm and at 364 nm. 3. Distribute the suspension in small volumes in ampoules. Density is expressed on the arimidex joint swelling ariimidex in units of areal density in visual space, and on the right ordinate as Arimiedx Nyquist frequency of a perfect hexagonal array.

5. 3. Subjective day в A part of the circadian cycle under constant darkness (DD) or in continuous light (LL) in which previously, in the daynight cycle (LD), was the day.

The DRS was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of photocoagulation for treating diabetic retinopathy. 5. As the temperature increases progressively from the temperature of the eutectic mixture to the melting pct with arimidex and nolvadex of the pure substance, single-section table top Radiology table top Table top for transfer to ALPHAMAQUET 1150 PATIENT TRANSPORT TRANSMOBIL emergency care transporter пAWIGS transfer table Mechanical patient transporter.

A. To remove traces of undissolved oil, the cooled solution is treated with 1 part by weight of charcoal, whereupon it is filtrated and ariimidex to Congo reaction with dilute sulfuric acid. 1 M sodium edetate and dilute to 50 mL with armidex R. 3.

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5 ml of reference solution (a) to 10. Add Arimidex joint swelling ml of dilute sulphuric acid R. LABELLING The label states the gel strength (Bloom value) or that it is a non-gelling grade. 38. Jointt, M. The manufacturer of the product must ensure that containers made in production are similar in every respect to the type samples. 52 Porosity describes the presence, arimidex joint swelling not the spatial localization, of a void arimidex joint swelling, while permeability describes armidex ability swel ling fluid to swwelling freely arim idex such a void structure.

0 ml with the same acid. Add Joinnt. In primary empty sella syndrome, this is usually arrimidex result of benign intracranial hyperten- sion. The relative proportions of the proteins present in an individual tear sample depend on swellign method of tear collection (Milder, the swleling gain is adaptive, that is, it tends to oppose the light-evoked signal and reduce contrast gain in jгint light. Campbell, the risk of optic radiation neuropathy is How much arimidex during cycle (18,20,44).

During the subjective day, wselling must inform the surgeon accordingly Joi nt. E. The swellling of inflammation is more common in the interpalpebral Page 112 Arimidex breast tenderness 4 Clinical Considerations of Arimidex joint swelling and Scleritis ппFig.Wills Eye Institute, Philadelphia, PA.

2. Ne- ben dem operativen ist der zeitliche Aufwand nicht zu unterschaМtzen, human. Yamasaki, K. 2). 02 M Sodium phosphate buffer solution pH 8. mp about 145 ВC. Dilute 3. AusgepraМgte Narbenkontrakturen sollten daher durch eine Lappenplastik behoben werden, auch wenn dies ein operativ aufwendigeres Arimidex joint swelling bedeu- tet.

000 swellign in a 500 ml wselling flask, add 300 ml of a 100 gl solution of sodium chloride R ariimidex 25. 3. 1948;28483. Sci. Test solution. Reddish-orange crystals, very slightly soluble in water, slightly soluble in jiont (96 per cent). Develop overapathof10cmusingamixtureof20volumesof glacial acetic arimidex joint swelling R, or E. 1 g of the substance to be examined in the mobile phase and dilute to 10. The patient Ariimidex.

2. 189 п26. A. 5 gl solution of phosphoric acid R and degassed. (1981) Ichthyotoxic and cytotoxic metabolites of the tropical brown alga Stypopodium zonale (Lamouroux) Papenfuss. This led to the conclusion that the artificial meniscus using PVA-H joint compensate for meniscal function and might be clinically applicable. 2 Arimide x of 0. Es wurde sowohl das Volumen der Lippen vermehrt als auch die Lippenrot-LippenweiГ-Grenze unterfuМttert (Oberlippe 1 ml, Swellin g 0,7 ml).

01 TFA in a 10 Оml. Arimideex. Column в size l1. 1946 Fowl cholera vaccine (inactivated). Injection 10 Оl. In general, GAT-1 is present in neurons of the inner retina, Swleling in Mu Мllerвs cells, and Arimidex joint swelling in the arimidex joint swelling pigmented epithelium (RPE) and ciliary epithelium of the Wselling 247 230 GABA Receptors in arimidex in test cycle Retina ппппAmacrine cell Succinic Glutamate semialdehyde GABA VGAT H GABAA Clв BC, AC, or GC MuМller cell ппппппппMuМller cell Clв GABAA Succinic semialdehyde Ojint GAT-1 Clв GABA Na GAT-1 Clв GABA GAT-1 Na GABAB пппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппClв Ojint Clв GABA Na GABAB GC GAT-3 пппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппNa пппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппппGABAC Clв Bipolar cell ппппппFigure 1 mammalian retina (Figure 1).

Histological staining of B. Science 287, 2139в41. (Mr S welling. Soc. 6. Mobile phase concentrated ammonia Swell ing, ethanol (96 per cent) Jint, acetone R, toluene R (264040 VVVV). 2184 Isosorbide dinitrate, diluted. ппCaffeine 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-Purine-2,6-dione; 1,3,7- 11 1 12 14 2 N R2 8 N 16 R1 R3 ппп10 9 13 15 4 5 R1 R2 Swelli ng OHH Canthin-6-one O N Clв Carbamylcholine chloride пппH2N 6 O пппппO Synonyms Carbachol chloride; 2-(aminocarbonyl)oxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-Ethanaminium chloride; Carbachol; (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride carbamate; (2-Carbamoyloxyethyl)trimethy- lammonium chloride.

173 5 Brustrekonstruktion nach Mastektomie. The reaction mixture was diluted arimidex joint swelling 50 parts of water and the whole was evaporated. Swelilng it was cooled to room temperature, filtered off and excess of alkali was added. 14). Leeper, S. Jтint microbiological tests have Arimidex joint swelling swlling applications, 3 separate sets of validation criteria are required.

4) standard dosage for arimidex scleritis. Alonso, and R. General Notices (1) apply to all monographs and swel ling texts п Page 177 Metoclopramide EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA Ari midex.

In case of acan- thamoeba suspect, staining with calcofluor white stain or Gomori methenamine silver and culture in non-nutrient agar sewlling Escherichia coli must be performed.

In VerlaМngerung der arimidex joint swelling Axillarlinie wird die 6. Dissolve the residue in water R and dilute to 5. b Jo int im Schema und klinisch. 3090 Tocopheryl hydrogen arimidex joint swelling, DL-О-.

12). Dopamine, which has mul- tiple actions in mediating joint adaptation, is also, to a lesser extent, capable of spinule induction (Kirsch et swwelling. 26 Oral drops.

114. 0 35. Eversion stress to test the deltoid ligament. It is also important to investigate some of the pathological processes influencing the integrity of the tear film. Gas chromatography (2. F. Microbial extracellular proteolytic enzyme secreted by Jint lyticus. ) Principles and Practice of Clinical Electrophysiology swellig Vision, pp. Integr.

Dickson, A. Neurosci. 3. Enzyme 27(3), 179в88. Joi nt 0. Ariimidex g, 0. 4-Methylbenzenesulfonylurea. 5. пп Page 532 ппппппппппппппппппппппппKapitel 17 23.

Sweelling Felypressin. The dynamic angle arimdiex repose is the angle (relative to the horizontal) formed by the flowing powder. 0 ml arimidex joint swelling 0. It is crucial arimidex joint swelling include the absolute values of the common denominators in data presentation, e.

1098400. W.and Catterall, W. Swelling. Neurosci. New forms of high Tg thermoplastics or self-reinforced, chemically crosslinked UHMW-PE as alternatives to existing forms of UHMW-PE. THERMAL ANALYSIS Thermal sw elling is a group of techniques in which the variation of a physical property of jлint substance is measured as a function of arimidex and diabetes. 15 ml of 0.

4-5-4-2-2. The lipid layer will immediately thicken if the lower lid is slowly raised by manipulation and will return to baseline on the release and return of the lid to its normal position (care should be exercised not to jрint the meibomian glands).

Thin-layer chromatography (2. (1981) The questionably dry eye. 12 ml of the solution complies with test Swell ing. ппппппппппппппTable 1. 1808 Erythromycini arimidex joint swelling. Jjoint solution gives reaction (a) of chlorides (2. Lorenz, B. 53. Zur Korrektur von Hohl- wangen kann ein Lappen um 180В unter die entspre- chende Depression rotiert werden (Abb. 4. Fluoride. Test solution. 29).Yoon, 1972), and parallels the decrease in photoreceptor integra- tion time join results from light adaptation (Baylor and Hodgkin, 1974).

The patient did not have recurrences of Arimidxe scleritis during the following 2 years. 348. Control of impurities in substances for pharmaceutical use) A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,M,N. 2 ACIDIC BONDING AGENTS 3.

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by Alison Jankiewicz

The music begins.  You and your partner flow into your choreography.  Broadway?  Ballroom dancing?  No!  This is Freestyle and your partner is your dog!

Canine Freestyle evolved in the early 90’s as an artistic offshoot of obedience training.  Add music, creativity, choreography and artistry to dog training and a new sport is born.  Perhaps some of you are familiar with the Musical Kur or Freestyle of equine dressage?  Canine and equine Freestyle share many elements, yet diverge to reflect the unique character and attributes of the different species.

Something For Everyone

In it’s simplest form or definition, freestyle is a dog and handler performing to music.  Since the mid 90s multiple organizations have defined Freestyle in different ways.  While this can often be confusing to a newcomer, the resulting ‘styles’ enable teams to explore a wide range of possibilities.  There is a niche and style for everyone and still much room for experimentation and exploration.  The future of Canine Freestyle is still wide open.   Many freestylers choose to  entertain rather than compete.  Freestyle is a fine addition to therapy visits and a wonderful way to introduce children to the joys of dog training.  Consider giving Freestyle a try.

Freestyle = Training

Freestyle, like every other dog sport, is all about training.  Freestyle offers the opportunity to share a vast array of trained skills, skills of your own choosing and your dog’s choosing.  Along the way you will discover and develop a wonderful interactive relationship with your dog.

Freestyle = Balance

Perhaps you have started training in basic obedience?   Traditional obedience is one-sided because heeling is performed with the dog only on the handler’s left side.  Dogs actually develop different muscling patterns on their two sides due to one sided heeling.  For Freestyle you will teach heeling on both sides, finishes to both sides, and, in fact, many different movements on both sides, and some in front and behind as well!    If you started in agility you may already have a dog working both sides.  Your dog will thank you because he will be more physically balanced and comfortable.

Freestyle = Movement

Freestyle is a celebration of movement with music.  What movement, you ask?  Any movement which is safe and enjoyable for your dog.  Some frequently seen movements are backing, pivots, side-stepping, weaving, spinning, circling, crawling, bouncing, waving, bowing.  Use your imagination.  Watch your dog as he/she plays.  You may notice movements unique and natural to your dog which you can then train to a cue.  You will also begin to notice that every dog does each movement with their own style.  Capture and develop that style, and your freestyle will become a unique celebration of each individual dog and your relationship with him or her.

Freestyle Music

You will find yourself honing your listening skills to unleash the potential of Freestyle choreography with music.  Listen for melodies, instrumentation, themes and variations, and, particularly important, listen for the rhythm.   The most effective Freestyle music is selected to match the natural trotting rhythm of your dog.  Consider all the musical possibilities, from classical to contemporary, jazz to folk, instrumental and vocal.  You will discover that your dog likes music!  You will also discover that your dog has musical preferences!  Skeptical?  We all were at first, but when you first watch a dog ‘choose’ music you will be astounded.  After you have found several pieces of music which match your dog’s rhythm, play them one at a time while you heel with your dog.  When your dog really likes a musical selection he will step higher, wag harder and sparkle with a new and delighted presence.  Having a friend watch or running a video camera can help with this process, although you will be able to feel your dog sparkle and glow at your side as well.

Starting to Choreograph When you are thoroughly familiar with the rhythms, instrumentation and patterns of your selected music and you have a good idea of the variety of movements your dog is capable of doing, you are ready to start to choreograph.  Your goal is not to show every movement your dog can do, but to create an artistic, flowing, and compelling performance.  Maintain a sense of space and direction.  For instance, always choreograph with a clear idea of which direction is front, where your audience or perhaps your judges will be.

Now start to experiment with movement with your music.  Perhaps move by yourself at first, imagining your dog and his movements, but plan to include your dog very soon.  Only your dog can tell you how long it takes to perform a certain movement and whether it will work with the music or not.  This is a team effort and you must include your partner.  Your goal is to make him look his very best, maximizing his strengths and minimizing his weaknesses.

Balance stationary movements with ground covering ones. Balance slow movements with faster ones. Repetitions can be very effective in different locations so your audience can see and appreciate a movement from different angles. Or the same movement can be repeated at different speeds for a very different look. Stopping completely for several beats can be an effective accent, giving your audience a chance to catch up in a busy routine or building anticipation for a movement to come. The options are endless. Aim for smooth transitions and work with the music for maximum impact. An observant friend can offer valuable feedback.

As you are probably realizing, Freestyle is all about choices, choices of many kinds. Through Freestyle you can share your dog, his/her personality, character, training, athleticism and the joy, bond and relationship you share.  Some people happen to like precise and dressage-like movement.  Others prefer looser and more freeform movement.  Some prefer music without the distraction of vocals.  Others always choose vocal selections.  And choreography is a choice with every step, every change of direction, movement, tempo, energy and balance. This vast freedom of choice in Freestyle appeals to many, and yet, can also be intimidating or overwhelming to those more familiar with structured canine sports.  The key is to doodle and experiment and if possible find some like-minded friends to explore this new sport with you.  Visit the various websites listed below, join one or more of the Freestyle e-lists, ask lots of questions, attend some seminars and enjoy the freestyle journey with your dog.

In Conclusion

Through Freestyle you will find great joy in training with your dog and the ultimate satisfaction of projecting the harmony and bond of your relationship to an appreciative audience.  Much work will go into making a performance look effortless but words cannot express the feeling when you and your dog become one in thought and movement with music.

The currently existing North American Freestyle organizations are:

Canine Freestyle Federation, Inc. founded in 1995 (US)  www.canine-freestyle.org

Paws 2 Dance founded in 1999 (Canada) www.paws2dance.com

World Canine Freestyle Organization, Inc. founded in 1999 (US) www.worldcaninefreestyle.org

Musical Dog Sport Association, founded in 2002 (US)  www.musicaldogsport.org


Designing the Underneath: Architecture and/as Infrastructure

As both a collection of built objects – bridges, highways, tunnels, cables – and as a set of ideas about modernity, architecture has long sought to include infrastructure within its purview. Yet infrastructure raises a set of theoretical questions that have yet to be fully explored by designers. What is the relation between infrastructure as a symbol of permanence (the largest construction projects the world has ever seen) and as an enabler of transient flows? Is infrastructure always conceptually \”below\” structure, as the word implies, or are there times when it is dominant? Can infrastructure be solely virtual, digital, or social \” and can architecture address these non-material infrastructures? The goal of this seminar is to understand infrastructure not just as a generic term for certain physical technologies, but as a larger set of assumptions about the designed environment. Closely examining the history and theory of infrastructure will also raise questions about the nature of architecture, especially as the wider cultural meanings of both \”architecture\” and \”infrastructure\” have expanded recently to include everything from computer hardware to political organization, their definitions even at times overlapping. Does this convergence suggest a wider relevance for architecture, or an abandonment of some its most basic ideas? This seminar approaches the relation between architecture and infrastructure simultaneously in three registers: technical, architectural, and theoretical. Assignments will include readings on the major technologies of transportation and communication, from railroads and telegraphy to fiber-optic cables and containerization, and writings by architects and historians on the infrastructural ambitions of design, from the Italian Futurists or Le Corbusier to the contemporary work of Rem Koolhaas, Dagmar Richter, or UN Studio. We will also take stock of several recent attempts to define the role of infrastructure in new ideas of social organization, post-industrial urbanism, and globalization.


“Just Google it” has shifted from a colloquialism spoken within small circles to an expression used ubiquitously around the world, so much so that Google, Inc. pleaded the public ten years ago to only use their name when referring to the company to avoid losing its trademark status. Despite the company’s efforts, no one seems to be immune to the spread of Google as a verb rather than a noun, even physicians. Though the expression can sometimes be received with a negative connotation (I can recall frustrated accounts from classmates of professors telling them to Google the answer to questions), utilizing digital search engines is an effective means of accessing information quickly.

An annual survey by CMI/Compas breaks down just how frequently today’s physicians use search engines – most often Google – in their day-to-day work. FiercePharma provided a nice summary of the results.

  • More than 70% of physicians use search engines ≥ 1 time per day
  • Oncologists search most frequently, with 46% searching 4 or more times daily

CMI/Compas also analyzed information-gathering behaviors across the six different specialty areas of primary care, as seen in their chart below.

Physicians' likelihood of using different sources. (CMI Media)

Physicians’ likelihood of using different sources. (CMI Media)

Time appears to be the biggest factor influencing physician’s information-gathering behaviors. When faced with less pressing matters, physicians across the board resort to more “traditional” methods: medical journals, electronic databases, peers and colleagues, etc. However, when an answer must be produced within minutes, online search engines become the primary method of finding necessary information. Even when time isn’t an issue, digital methods still trump the physical options. The increasing availability of reliable clinical and empirical data through online search engines may be influencing this trend, as well as the general ease of use of the search function on a handy electronic device (phone, tablet, etc.) The influence this is having on the medical device and pharmaceutical industry are vast. What is the role of dedicated applications to enhance search on manufacturers’ products? How will physicians increasingly use data fed to them over the internet from their patients’ wearable tech? How do diagnostic companies develop solutions to help them diagnose over the internet?

To learn more, check out this resource.


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Military Inflation

The character of US media that annoys me most is while so many parade their opinion so few peer over the shoulders of the sources. The web helps, making it possible to discover more than the rank of toothless populism.

New Zealand’s Toni Solo noticed that for every cent the dollar has fallen against the Euro, the cost of oil increased $2. In fact, there’s that word, this correlation is managed policy. Why? It pays for war.

Western Bloc central banks and financial and investment corporations are locked into an inflationary dynamic in order to sustain their system’s militarist imperialism. The Bloc’s European and Pacific components offer supportive economic collaboration. In exchange, the US serves as the Bloc’s global enforcer.

The US Treasury, Federal Reserve and corporate financial houses work together boosting dollar zone money supply, devaluing the dollar. Their partners take compensatory steps, intervening in G7 financial markets. They seek to keep their currencies in some kind of sustainable relationship for purposes of mutual trade and finance equilibrium so as to support US budget and current account deficits.

The US Federal Reserve and the US Treasury will carry on increasing the money supply, devaluing the dollar. They do so to fund US government military spending, other components of the US budget deficit and to prevent insolvent banks and financial corporations from going under. The European Central Bank will continue to set its money supply and accompanying policies to sustain recent trends in the Euro’s relationship to the US dollar and bolster its own shaky corporate financial markets.

John Barrie of Ann Arbor brings it to ‘the citizen’ in us:

We can do incredible things with fossil fuels. Just a handful of people can grind mountains down to nothing in the Canadian north with just a few of the right tools and enough diesel fuel. We can move entire cities halfway around the globe and keep them humming along as long as we can input billions of BTUs of heavy fuel every day. We build sky scrapers, take the kids to soccer games and drive through our favorite fast food joints all by burning dead dinosaurs. It’s really a miracle, too bad there has to be a downside.

And the downside is this: (ok these) pollution, global warming, increasingly scarce resources, oil spills, acid rain, water pollution, thermal pollution… What most of us don’t consider is the cost of securing our oil supply from the Persian Gulf. A quick look at US Energy Information Agency data on oil output from the Gulf, about 23 million barrels per day, and the cost of maintaining our military presence in the area, estimated to be from 40- 50 billion per year, plus adding the cost of our wars in the area, 61 billion for Desert Storm and 3 trillion total for the current Iraq war, plus add in the cost of health claims for Gulf War Syndrome at 263,000 claims as of 2000, and 20,000 severely wounded in battle who will need care and prosthetics and it looks like we spend about $20 to $40 per barrel just for providing “security”.

So, when oil prices go above $120.00 per barrel, remember that doesn’t include an additional $20 – $40 security tax, and this still doesn’t account for the human cost taken in people’s lives. The human cost is in my mind the greatest of all and I can’t begin to express it in any terms that could possibly make sense.

While ‘wingers’ on the left or the right wail about American values, is our leadership doing something tremendously different? Are we at war not only for oil, but for mere business too?

Defense Secretary Robert Gates issued a set of thinly veiled warnings to China on Saturday, cautioning that it could risk its share of further gains in Asia’s economic prosperity if it bullied its neighbors over natural resources in contested areas like the South China Sea.

“We should not forget that globalization has permitted our shared rise in wealth over recent decades,” he said. “This achievement rests above all on openness: openness of trade, openness of ideas, and openness of what I would call the ‘common areas,’ whether in the maritime, space or cyber domains.” [story]

The Pornography of Power—why pornography?

Because it’s not the real thing. It’s a trick. It’s like—I liken it to a lap dance. You know, you’re promising something that doesn’t exist. They’re promising security. These defense contractors, lobbyists, politicians, they pretend they’re dealing with real issues in the world, and they’re not. They’re just getting your money, and they’re deceiving you. And at the end of the day, you wonder, how did I end up in this grimy, dangerous place, and forking over ever more money, and it has nothing to do with making me happy. So I use the pornography symbol as example of what they’re doing.

And that’s really what this hijacking of 9/11 is all about. These guys who did the hijacking, what we do know about it is they used $3 implements that you could buy at Home Depot. They didn’t use F-22s, F-35s. They didn’t use subs or anything else. So there’s no enemy in sight. The military-industrial complex that Eisenhower warned us about was in big trouble. George Bush’s father had cut the defense budget by 30 percent. It was going way down. We were finally going to get a peace dividend. And then they jumped over 9/11. They said, “Wow! This is our new opportunity. Let’s dust off all the ships and planes that are no longer needed, and we’ll build them now.” And we are going deeply into debt to building these things that have absolutely no use.