Why Kids Need a Way to Express

Slam Poet Emily Hedgecock (my daughter) presents to a Teach for America audience.

Kids are wonderful creatures.  We often see them through the lens of our adult experience.  The novelty of life can dissipate after years of repetition.  The first trip to McDonalds is magical, the second is super fun, the third is great, but after dozens of Happy Meals and crawling through yellow plastic playground toys and running on Astroturf, the place starts to become a burger joint full of loud children and tired parents.  But when kids are in the beginning stages of discovering everything, even the most mundane experience can have appeal.  It’s one of the reasons why teaching kids how to express their feelings when faced with a new experience is so important.  It’s what creative teachers do.  This video of slam poet (and my kid) Emily Hedgecock, is one of the reasons why I support the arts in schools (besides the fact it pays my salary).  If art is a unique expression of a universal experience, then teaching kids how to share these experiences in their own way can connect kids in their shared understanding defining both themselves and their world.

From Legos to littleBits

Middle School Minute(-ish)

Because writing 3X a week was becoming more and more challenging as my school year progressed, a friend suggested instead of blogging, I try vlogging!  Here it is, my first vlog of the new year.  Look for a focus on Middle School and Arts Education!

Developing a Sense of Humor Rather Than a Sense of Outrage: Why Reporting Bullying is only Part of the Answer

A Fledgling Teacher-Led School Trend

Palmer Park Preparatory Academy

My husband found an interesting blog post on the idea of the teacher-led school model.  The idea of a greater presence in the classroom for decision-makers is one which piques my interest.  I am fortunate to work in an educational community where everybody’s involved in student life.  It’s a bit like living in a small town.  Mrs. Crabtree tells your Sunday School teacher what she saw and the milkman noticed something too and we’re all talking to your mom.  But I digress… Enjoy the post:

A Fledgling Teacher-Led School Trend.

Grammar’s Not Your Gramma

Cover of "Eats, Shoots and Leaves: The Ze...
Cover via Amazon

I remember the videos on TV in the 70’s under the title Grammar Rock.  I really loved these videos.  Grammar seemed like a fun concept when I was a kid.  Lately, though, we seem to have lost some of our enthusiasm for excellent grammar.  Back when Grammar Rock was playing on Saturday morning television I had a junior high teacher named Mrs. Wallace.  She taught me how to diagram a sentence.  It was a game to figure out where prepositional phrases fit and what could be done to repair a dangling participle.   I believe this activity is now limited to college linguistics classes.

Since the 70’s I have been a grammar champion.  I know the difference between lie and lay (thanks to my Aunt Gwen) as well as how to use  objective and nominative pronouns.  A few years ago, my eldest daughter asked for a book titled Eats, Shoots & Leaves, a hilarious take on the misuse and correct use of English grammar.  We referred to her as the Grammar Nazi all through high school though she was not allowed to use the moniker online as it contained the dreaded ‘n’ word.  She corrected spirit signs in the hallways of her school with a little red Sharpie.  She later took to calling herself the Grammar Bandit.  Very few people knew who was defacing their grammatically impotent signs but still she found satisfaction in the act.  It’s not a crime to break the rules.  It’s limiting, though, if you don’t even know what the rules are.  My other daughter is a writer who knows the rules and chooses to break them regularly.

It seems to me there are more and more journalists and other types of writers graduating without a solid foundation for their writing.  Grammar is important for linguistic continuity and as the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) point out in a position statement on the teaching of grammar in American schools, “knowing about grammar helps us understand what makes sentences and paragraphs clear and interesting and precise.

I thought playing the grammar game in junior high was a lot of fun.  I really enjoyed diagramming sentences and I work hard not to end a sentence a preposition with.  This is, sadly, something many radio and TV journalists have forgotten.  Many times, I hear them say things such as, “where the economy is headed to” or “here’s where we’re at” and I cringe.  I know the preposition they are adding is superfluous but, clearly, it seems necessary in an age where words seem cheap.  But words are not cheap.  It’s how we use them that cheapens them.

Part 4 (of 4) Reconceptualizing Education

Chemical structure of Penicillin G
Image via Wikipedia

Part 3 (of 4) Reconceptualizing Education

Part 2 (of 4) – Reconceptualizing Education

“Reconceptualizing” K-12 Education (1 of 4)

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Implementation Essentials

Image by Mutante. The game of chess illustrates how very important it is to have a plan for your next move, and the move beyond that.

“Fools never learns from their mistakes, The average person sometimes learns and sometimes does not. But the wise, they learn from the mistakes of others.”Murray Johannsen

This process is planning is critical to flawless execution and getting the results you desire. How many of us are really getting the results we want? How many of us know why? And why not? A fundamental reason, the root cause for many is that we are missing  a sound strategy, lack the ability to execute tactically, or both.

The Power of Sound Plan, and It’s Implementation

There are few things that are impossible if you have the right plan, strategy and implementation tactics as the following story relates:

Three men had adjacent businesses in the same building. The businessman who ran the store at one end of the building put up a sign reading, “Year End Clearance Sale.” At the far end of the building, the other businessman followed with a sign that said, “Closing-Out Sale.” The businessman in the middle knew his business was going to be hurting bad, so he put up a sign that said, “Main Entrance.

The Essence of the Implementation Plan

“We were spending so much time planning for the next year and the next five years that our units were not making their current quarterly earnings.” From a Memo to executives “There will be no more long-range planning.” — Harold Geneen, CEO, IT&T, Managing,  Doubleday, 1984

Why Business Types Don’t Get Results

There are many reasons for this. But one of the major ones is that business programs, students are taught strategy completed divorced of implementation (Hanson, 2011).

“Doing the right thing is important, which is where strategy comes in. But doing that thing well—execution—is what sets companies apart. After all, every football play is designed to go for a huge gain. The reason it doesn’t is because of execution—people drop balls, miss blocks, go to the wrong place, and so forth. So, success depends on execution—on the ability to get things done.” — Jeffery Pfeffer in (Kawasaki, 2007)

The Implementation Model

To understand the essence of implementation, one needs to defining certain key fundamental concepts. This means that you must also understand strategy.

Strategy consists of three elements:

    • Defining the current state,
    • Defining the desired state, and
    • The plan.

Notice that when referring to strategy, the current and desired states list focus on results or outcomes. But the plan, provides a list of activities the how one is going to close the gap.

Tactics (or going tactical) refers to:

  • The plan, and
  • Implementation.

Its important to understand that tactics are actions that are implemented in time. That timing becomes an essential element of whether results are achieved or not.
Strategy Components

The mountain road to Machynlleth Looking in the direction of Machynlleth. Image by OSU
The mountain road to Machynlleth Looking in the direction of Machynlleth. Image by OSU. In this picture, you see all the elements of the plan, for the is a starting point, a destination, and a way to get from here to there.

Current State (CS)

Where you are now–the current situation. It usually requires rigorous analysis and measurement

Desired State (DS)

 Where you want to be–the “ideal” future. Often described as the end, goal, objective or outcome.

This means, tactics, plans, milestones, process, schedule, action items, etc. that take you from one state to the next.

Planning can be an extremely complex activity that can take months, as in the case of a strategic plan, or a few minutes, as in the case of making up a to do list. There are also major disconnects between strategy and implementation.

An additional complication is like whether the solution involves a project or a process. A project is a series of tasks that occur once such as building a dam or a highway. A process in an activity that occurs again and again such as filling out an invoice or typing a letter.

Means End Analysis

Means-Ends planning looks at how to best determine the proper steps that must be completed for the current state to become the desired state.

Steps 1: Define the current and desired states (The Ends)

Determine where to start—ether at the current state and then working forward or at the future state and then working backward.

Step 2: Partition the Effort (The Means)

The solution gets divided into parts.

Generate appropriate subgoals or milestones

Work the most difficult, most important milestones first.

Fill in the tasks between each milestone

Step 3: Determine the Timeline

A number of different formats are available. These include: action plans, Gantt charts, responsibility charts, and critical path networks.

Step 4: Add in any costs

Four Key Implementation Plan Principles To Remember

Get Good Advice

Growing a business is like venturing into a strange forest—you will get lost without a map and a good guide.“

The kings of yore had advisors, individuals valued for keen insight and sound judgment. Plus they lacked the hidden agendas embedded in the minions around the sovereign.

Founders need someone to talk to, someone who shoots straight with honest feedback. By this we mean someone who is not just a professor, not just a consultant; but someone who has built a business or is building a business now and can teach, coach and mentor.

Learn the Right Mental Tools

“It’s what you don’t know that you don’t know that will hurt you.”

One must realize that one doesn’t know everything one needs to know. While most people focus on money as the primary limit to growth, we focus on the lack or misuse of  the mental tools needed to run the business. Abraham Maslow’s famous quote applies here, “If you only have a hammer, you see every problem as a nail.” It’s important to learn and master the key mental tools one will use over and over. This is rarely taught in the universities. But it can be learned.

Realize It’s Not Going To be Easy

“Never, Never, Never—Give Up.” —Sir Winston Churchill

It’s a difficult road—like a Hero’s Journey.One will need to overcome many fears, face down doubt, manage high stress. and work through failure. Understand that sometimes the toughest battles will be fought within your mind.

Prevent The Fatal Flaw

He who controls others may be powerful, but he who has mastered himself is mightier still. — Lao Tzu

If you cannot mange yourself, you cannot manage others. Ignorance, inexperience, and a lack of skillful means leads to flawed execution. Plus personal weaknesses such as procrastination; being blind to one’s weaknesses; doing what’s urgent, but not important; are all part of a pattern that leads to failure.

Run The Planning and Implementation Process as a Process

Most people have no way to improve how they implement the important actions in there life. On reason for this is that there is no process that get repeated. Repeatability is important—for if a process cannot be repeated, it can be improved.

Resources and References

“If past history was all there was to the game, the richest people would be librarians.” — Warren Buffett Financier and investor, April 17, 1988, The Washington Post

Bodley-Scott, Sam (2005). Implementation: How to Transfer Strategic Initiatives into Blockbuster Results. McGraw-Hill.

Bossidy, Larry, Charan, Ram and Burck, Charles (2002). Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done. Crown Business.

Drew Hanson (2011). Why MBA Programs Don’t Produce LeadersForbes

Drucker, Peter (2006). The Effective Executive: The Definitive Guide to Getting Things Done. HarperBusiness Essentials.

Kawasaki, Guy (2007). How To Change the World, Ten Questions With Jeffrey Pfieffer. How to Change the World: A Practical Blog For Impractical People.

Morgan, Mark, Levitt, Raymond and Malek, William  (2008). Executing Your Strategy: How to Break it Down and Get it Done. Harvard Business Review Press.

Neilson, Gary, Martin, Karla and Powers, Elizabeth (2008). The Secrets to Successful Strategy Execution. Harvard Business Review, June.

Sundheim, Doug (2013). Closing The Chasm Between Strategy and Execution. HBR Blog Network.

Leadership Skill Development


SIGNAL FLOW GRAPHS (SFGs) SIGNAL FLOW GRAPHS (SFGs) - Can be considered a simplified block diagram. However, the mathematical rules of the flow graph are more restrictive than the block diagram. One type of signal flow graph is called the PHASE VARIABLE FORM. PHASE VARIABLE FORM - Uses only integrators with a gain of 1 in the forward path. Links to the integrators may have any gain. FUNDAMENTALS OG THE SFGs - SFGs are used to describe a control system transfer function. Generally, the graphs are simpler than a block diagram. Since only nodes, branches and loops are used to show the configuration of the system. PHASE VARIABLE FORM Several rules apply to phase variable form of an SFG. 1. The fundamental building block consists of two outer nodes: one is an input, the other is an output, and a summing junction is in between. The gain of the input node may be any value, and the gain at the output node is 1/s multiplied by the input value. Signals may flow only in the direction of the arrows. 2. This type of graphs applies only to linear systems. 3. The equations used in the SFG must be algebraic (integrodifferential equation are first transformed to the S-plane). 4. Feedback and feed-forward loops are used to complete the design. 5. There are as many forward path integrations as the largest exponent of S in the system. 6. The equations generated are simultaneous equations of the system, which are easily transferred into matrices. 7. It is assumed that all integrators in the system are of the summing type and may have more than one input. All inputs are summed algebraically according to their sign.

The fundamental building block of the phase variable flow graph:

1 R

1/s Y

Note: The outer circles indicate nodes, which are variables’ and the lines, which are connecting branches, indicate transfer relationships. The central node is a summing junction. FEED FORWARD PATHS - Are from the second integrator output to Y(s) and from the output of the first integrator to Y(s) and are positive values. - The output nodes of the integrators are labeled from right to left with an arbitrary constant such as X1(s). Note: You form the simultaneous equations into matrices by taking 3 to the left-hand side of the equations and converting the equations to the time domain by using the DOT (derivative of time) notation for the derivatives formed.

MATRIX FORM There are two types of systems to consider when using this model: 1. POLE-ZERO MODEL 2. ALL-POLE MODEL

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Coast Guard Warns Northern Michigan Ice Unstable

MyNorth News Service

(Press Release provided by USCG)

SAULT STE MARIE: With the forecasted rain, wind and above-freezing temperatures this weekend, the Coast Guard is urging people to use extreme caution when venturing onto Northern Michigan ice across Lake Superior, St. Marys River, and the northern parts of lakes Michigan and Huron.

The above freezing temperatures are melting and weakening ice and pose safety concerns for anyone venturing onto Northern Michigan ice.

Obstructions such as rocks, logs, vegetation and pilings affect the strength of ice. Heat from these obstructions slows ice formation. Ice shifting and expanding can create pressure cracks and ridges around the obstructions.

Plus, ice near the shore of a frozen lake may be unsafe and weaker because of shifting, expansion and sunlight reflecting off the bottom.

Additionally, the Coast Guard closes three waterway areas to maritime vessel traffic to allow for the formation of ice bridges to Mackinac Island, Bois Blanc Island and Beaver Island. Historically those seasonal ice bridges are used for transportation, but this year the Coast Guard urges citizens that the ice bridges are not safe.

“Do not assume since ice was safe in years past, that it is safe now,” said Capt. Steve Teschendorf, the Coast Guard Sector Sault Ste. Marie commander. “This year the Great Lakes ice coverage is significantly less than the prior two winters.”

The Coast Guard offers these cold water and ice safety tips:

  • Remember the acronym ICE, which stands for Information, Clothing and Equipment. To stay safe on the ice, get the right information about conditions and weather, wear appropriate clothing, and don’t leave home without the right equipment to stay alive.
  • Always wear a Coast Guard-approved life jacket, and dress for the lake temperature. A life jacket allows a person to float with minimum energy expenditure and allows the person to assume the Heat Escape Lessening Position (H.E.L.P.) – bringing the knees close to the chest and holding them in place by wrapping the arms around the shin portions of the legs.

The 1-10-1 Principle: 1 minute – 10 minutes – 1 hour:

Everyone who enters cold water doesn’t drown, but research shows that many drowning incidents may be the result of cold shock response and cold incapacitation. In cold water drowning situations, if you survive the first minute, the cold will soon rob your muscles of their strength and dexterity. Even strong swimmers can experience swim failure after a few minutes.

When a cold water situation begins, a person has about one minute to gain control of their breathing and 10 minutes or less of meaningful movement and muscle control to get themselves out of the water. Severe hypothermia will set in within one hour, but without a life jacket, the victim is likely to drown before that occurs.

Cold Water Kills:

The Coast Guard and water safety experts say public education and preparedness may help prevent cold water drowning deaths. In addition to understanding the physiological effects of cold water, people need to be aware that the initial shock of entering the cold water can cause panic and gasping, resulting in a person inhaling large amounts of water.

The public is advised to call 911 to report a person who has fallen through the ice or who is in distress in icy waters.

Cold Water Drowning and Water Safety Information:

National Water Safety Congress
Cold Water Boot Camp USA
USCG Boating

More Northern Michigan Outdoors

#2016 #Up_North #Outdoors #Upper_Peninsula #Great_Lakes

Article Comments


Horror Movies that you can’t watch alone

The Omen

Rosemary’s Baby

Evil Dead

The Hills Have Eyes

This movie features a fight between the mutants and a family.

What makes a Cancer a great actor/actress?

What Meryl Streep, Nicole Kidman, and Tom Cruise have in common?

cancer actresses

Cancers may appear shy and reserved, but they are not. Their mysteriousness is something that makes them stand out from the moment you meet them. They’re not a kind of an open-book people like Saggitarius’. Cancers will slowly reveal their true nature to you, merely because they are too cautious.

On the other hand, Cancers are amiable persons, with a wide sense of humor. Think about Tom Hanks or Robin Williams – they brought that light, warm humor with every role they played.

One of their biggest assets which they gladly employ on the screen is their ability to get into different moods and positions within a second. Although it may seem exhausting for those who are friends with Cancers in real life, the alternating moods on the screen grow a dominant performance. Thanks to that, they can play outstandingly diverse roles across genres, which is seen in Meryl Streep’s career, for example.

They never fail to surprise you. Cancers are warm, deeply emotional (although they might not appear like it, because of their quiet demeanor), with a strong sense of imagination and intuition. That’s what gives them tools to convey a powerful artistic expression regardless of the genre.

actors cancerSince they are vulnerable, Cancers learned to blend in their environment. They have a great talent for mimicry, and they can connect to the people on the emotional level better than any other zodiac sign. That gives them a broad palette of feelings, behavior, and traits to work with, which makes them great actors/actresses.

Famous Cancer actors

Tom Cruise

Benedict Cumberbatch

Vin Diesel

Harrison Ford

Tom Hanks

Sylvester Stallone

Ed Westwick

Robin Williams

Famous Cancer actresses

Pamela Andreson

Kathy Bates

Edie Falco

Nicole Kidman

Diane Kruger

Margot Robbie

Meryl Streep

Liv Tyler

Independence Day on the movie screen

It’s no secret that our relationship to July 4th is something special, to say at least. That day represents everything our nation stands up for; freedom, prosperity, and equality to all our residents.
independence dayAlthough we got used to celebrating it with fireworks and some outdoor activity (barbecue is my favorite!), I decided to step it up a little bit this year. And what’s the best way of celebrating our glorious Independence Day? With the movie, of course! So, here are the reviews for the two most famous films on Independence Day.

Independence Day (1996)

In searching the answers to his question on the existence of extraterrestrial life, Roland Emmerich, the director and co-writer of the movie decided to shoot a video. The plot is focused on several groups of people, who are facing the culmination of the series of alien attacks that hit the US. The film is considered the turning point in Hollywood blockbuster history, as it employed spectacular visual and special effects (including the famous White House destruction scene). The ruins scenes would become a commonplace in any science-fiction movie from Independence Day onward.

The film is built on diverse elements which are combined in a mishmash of American patriotism and science fiction. As it seems, Emmerich deliberately employed some of them, either to get the effect he wanted or to create the overwhelming impression. But, we cannot overlook the cliches like the President’s speech on declaring the Independence Day. On the other side, characters development seem to lack depth and dimensionality, which is something that raised critics all over the world.

Overall, it’s still one of the most popular movies on the Independence Day, so if you don’t mind flat, cheesy monologues and predictable actions, take a shoot with it.

Independence Day: Resurgence (2016)

The sequel to the 1996 movie takes off with some old plot elements. However, the quality of the plot is still weak, and the characters are just slightly improved since the first movie. In the sequel, Emmerich employed a younger cast to set off the plot, and it turned out like a smart move. But, in reality, there’s an evident lack of emotional depth of the characters. The relationships they build with each other are superficial, and based on a stereotyped bias between “good space guys” and “bad space guys.”

Check out the trailer below:

However, the stunning visual and special effects took from the legacy of the original movie. As a true Sci-Fi movie, Independence Day: Resurgence will exceed your expectations. Other than that, it’s an ordinary world-rescue movie.


Les Aperitifs

Whether having a good end to your day with colleagues or meeting up with friends before going to dinner or the theatre, come in and enjoy Les Aperitifs from 5.30 to 7.00pm where you can enjoy a glass of wine from our impressive list, order a craft beer, nibble on olives, cornichons, savouries and other snacks in a typically French style!


The university says information sciences and technology professor Dongwon Lee and communications professor S. Shyam Sundar are working on the project.

Lee says fake news “has been around for decades” but has been “exacerbated” on the internet and social media platforms.

The professors plan to investigate “characteristic indicators of fake news” and develop complex formulas that will enable digital devices to recognize those indicators and purge stories that contain them.


A Commitment to Diversity and Business Growth

Today, society embraces the richness of diversity and unites to celebrate inclusion. The spotlight shines on businesses around the globe, measuring their response to this cultural shift.

While diversity and inclusion (D&I) activities vary by brand, one thing is clear: diversity identities are no longer limited to visible attributes—now they include characteristics that may not be as readily seen.

This definitional evolution encourages more employees to bring 100% of themselves into the workplace, having a profound impact in the marketplace.

Competition for the best human capital requires reaching out to a diverse pool—yielding creativity, innovation and improved problem solving. Creating a diverse workforce that reflects an increasingly diverse customer base is good for business.

85% of global CEOs surveyed said that a formal diversity and inclusiveness strategy has improved their bottom line

Ignoring diversity—internally or externally—costs time and money. It's bad for business.

Is this true at your brand?


Self-Healing Electronics

Self-Healing Electronics
University of Illinois

Researchers from the University of Illinois have addressed the problem of the short shelf life of electronics and developed an electronic circuit that can self-heal when its metal wires break. It might seem amazing that the new system can restore conductivity within “mere microseconds”, so if your TV breaks while you are watching it, it’ll fix itself. The team used a series of 10-micron (0.01mm) micro-capsules filled with a gallium-indium liquid metal alloy and placed them along the length of a circuit; when the circuit cracks, the micro-capsules follow suit allowing the liquid metal to fill in the cracks and restore conductivity by up to 99%. Scientist claim, that this technology might have a wide range of uses in the world of industry and aerospace: for example in spacecraft and fighter planes potential catastrophes could be prevented by electronics being able to heal themselves.

future-electronics-technology-liquid-metal-capsules-futuristic-1 future-electronics-technology-liquid-metal-capsules-futuristic-2

Original sources: (07/02/2012)


Pro-life apologist extraordinaire, Scott Klusendorf, has written an excellent post today on the topic of why so many Americans have a hard time grasping the humanity and moral quality of human embryos.  In brief, it is because they see human beings as things that are constructed rather than formed.  To quote Klusendorf:

…[M]ost Americans see the fetus exactly the same way-as something that’s constructed part by part. It’s precisely this understanding…that renders pro-life arguments absurd to so many people. As they see it, embryos are no more human beings in early stages of their construction than metal plates are cars in the early stages of theirs.

[T]he construction analogy is deeply flawed. Embryos aren’t constructed piece by piece from the outside; they develop themselves from within. That is to say, they do something no constructed thing could ever do: They direct their own internal growth and maturation-and this entails continuity of being. Unlike cars, developing embryos have no outside builder. They’re all there just as soon as growth begins from within. In short, living organisms define and form themselves.

Unlike cars, then, human embryos are human from the onset of development, not at the terminus of development (or any other point along the way).  In fact, if they weren’t human at the beginning, they could not develop themselves in a human fashion throughout the process.  I think this distinction between construction and development is a powerful and important point to incorporate into our pro-life apologetic.


ورود به سایت جستجو
09/19/2017 - سه شنبه 28 شهريور 1396

اوقات شرعی

امروز : 28/6/1396 (هـ.ش)
برابر با 26 ذى الحجه 1438 (هـ.ق)
اذان صبح 05:23:49
طلوع آفتاب 06:49:40
اذان ظهر 12:58:14
غروب آفتاب 19:06:13
اذان مفرب 19:23:19

طول = 51.41 و عرض =35.7

Stable Duties

Introduction of Stable Duties of Tehran Municipality

Duties and municipal service costs

Under the clause 14 Article 71 of the Law on the structure, duties and Islamic councils elections and municipal elections, duties is a fee that the municipality collects from natural and legal persons in accordance with its legal authority to finance general and specific costs policies with applying incentive or disincentive policies. National duties should be approved by The Iranian Parliament and local duties should be approved by the City Council to be implemented after the due legal process. It is equivalent to local taxes, i.e. the funds that municipalities pay to the people for providing public services but its consumption amount for each person cannot be recognized and determined. The duties are divided into stable and unstable duties.

Municipal services costs

According to clause 71 Article 26 of the aforementioned law, municipal service costs (structure, duties, etc.) are funds that the municipality collects from service users to provide them with some services proportionate to their usage amount and with the approval of the City Council through the legal process. Municipal service costs are a steady source of income which will be programmable over time, could be increased and collected later and its amount and value per person could be identified and estimated.

Stable (income) duties

The municipality is a public institution whose duty is to serve the citizens to meet their basic demands for urban life and then try to achieve a developed city. Maybe half a century ago, the municipality was considered a cleaning organization in public mind. However, today the demands are sometimes so developed that they are even outside the job description and abilities of this entity.

Today, the most basic need of city dwellers is to have a safe, healthy, and beautiful city for living, which is comparable with the other cities in the world. However, huge costs are required to meet the very initial demands. Regarding the financial self-sufficiency of municipalities, the only way to finance these urban costs is the contribution of all citizens.

In a simple example, let’s imagine that you live in a multi-storey apartment with courtyard used by all residents and the apartment manager has decided to build a garden and plant flowers in it to enjoy the beauty and fresh air. Funding for the plan implementation requires the assistance and contribution of all the inhabitants. For this purpose, the total required costs will be estimated and each resident pays its share to contribute to the plan implementation.

That is how the urban plan implementation is carried out. The Municipality the director of which will be selected by people’s representatives in every city is responsible to fund the expenses required to do the tasks, meet the citizens’ demands and provide beautification and urban development and put its all efforts to properly implement them under the conditions we are facing with increasing development of urban population and area as well as urbanization provisions.

According to the municipal self-sufficiency policy that was approved in the 1983 Budget Law and the elimination of state aid, the municipalities’ main source of income suddenly vanished. Therefore, the only way to fund municipal costs was to receive each citizen’s share as the direct users of municipal services. Therefore, it will be reasonable that anyone who uses more services should pay a larger share.

Municipal incomes will be obtained from the people directly or indirectly in three following ways

1. General duties;

2. Specific duties;

3. Service costs;

However, the above-mentioned duties will not cover all municipal costs especially that of Tehran Municipality due to its capital features and it imposes so much cost to the city. In addition to the inadequacy of these sources of income, today we face with another problem called instability of sources of income, which is even more important than the lack of them. Thus, municipalities of Iran, especially Tehran Municipality are seeking for strategies to achieve stable incomes through which they can start and complete their constructional and service projects with peace of mind and ensure their executive and timely implementation.

The definition of stable income

According to the comprehensive plan of stable incomes, Tehran Municipality has been seeking to stabilize its income sources since 2007 and the comprehensive plan of stable incomes has been developed and implemented based on the visions of Tehran City.

One of the definitions proposed for stable incomes is as follows: those municipal revenues that have the following characteristics and to collected which necessary executive planning could be defined are referred to as stable income and has the following characteristics:

*  Sustainability (stability and not to be subject to severe fluctuations at least in the short term)

* Desirability (that is obtaining revenue from that place leads to the promotion of justice-centered approach and it does not harm the environmental, physical, social and economic structures of the city)

* Flexibility (it can be the revenue base over a large time and could develop in line with the expansion of expenses to avoid financial hardship)

The stable incomes that currently exist among the municipal income include duties of modernization and urban development, businesses duties, annual duties of automobile, waste management service costs, etc. But unfortunately, the share of this income is, in general, a small figure and yet people do not cooperate enough to pay them. Certainly, if the citizens have a full and transparent knowledge of the costs for the maintenance and improvement of the city, they will gladly pay their duties for the prosperity of the city. They will be also more willing to participate and invest in renovation projects and urban development. Below, some duties and municipal service costs will be explained for more information.

Stable urban development

Taking steps to stabilize the municipal incomes would make it independence from the density income as one of the important sources of income. In the meantime, the state's share in the city administration will be identified and the focus will be on the infrastructural activities such as rail and public transport network and the people’s share will be determined as construction duties. Then, the construction duties could be determined in accordance with urban development regulations in a different way than in the past.

Stable income is one of the prerequisites for stable urban development and both of them require confidence-building and analysis of the costs and public participations. Stable urban development is the most important executive goals of each city and the minimum requirement for its implementation

One of the factors for lack of implementation of stable urban development is the instability of municipal income system. However, so many measures have been already taken to address this deficiency. For example, as already mentioned Tehran Municipality in the first step has developed the action plan in 2007 to obtain stable incomes and sent it to City Council of Tehran to be approved and implement it in the same year which can create a suitable perspective for decision-making system for long-term planning.


John Casey

Senior Associate

John joined Flagship Pioneering in 2015 as an associate after completing the VentureLabs Fellows program. At Flagship, John works as part of a venture creation team, exploring innovative ideas and opportunities, and developing critical scientific and business components that will lead to the firm’s next breakthrough startups.

Before joining Flagship, John earned his doctorate in biological engineering in Angela Belcher’s lab at MIT, where he designed and developed thermostable de novo enzymes on viral capsid proteins. His work led to a collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry to develop cleaner, more versatile manufacturing processes.

John was an active contributor to Boston’s entrepreneurial community while a graduate student. As associate director for MIT’s $100K Entrepreneurship Competition, he partnered with local and national businesses to raise the competition’s six-figure annual budget. He developed a new prototyping contest with increased resources and direct support for student entrepreneurs. He subsequently served as Chair of the $100K’s board of directors. Additionally, John was a communication fellow in the Biological Engineering Department and served as the biotechnology editor for the MIT Entrepreneurship Review.

John received his B.S. in biological engineering from Louisiana State University, where he was a Goldwater Scholar and named the top graduating student in his class. His thesis research explored site-specific oligonucleotide modifications. John was active in LSU’s Student Government, president of the campus Habitat for Humanity chapter, and a co-founder and president of an organization for Mandarin Chinese speakers.

John Casey


As an essential part of a major research university of the 21st century, the Penn Libraries has the core responsibilities of collecting information, from numerous sources and in various formats, and of conserving the items in our collections to make the information they contain available for use by future generations. Our collections are varied, including many items that are either unique or scarce, yet have in common their importance to entire communities of users that rely heavily on their accessibility.

As the use of our collections continues to grow, safeguarding their longevity through rigorous and strategic conservation efforts will ensure that our particular cache of human knowledge will be available for untold generations to come. Advancing the conservation of the most valuable and at-risk portion of our very diverse collections is of the utmost importance for the Libraries and for Penn.

By giving in support of conservation, you will arm the Penn Libraries with resources to continue and accelerate our conservation program, and you will advance scholarship by helping maintain our most valuable holdings.


Huwebes, Setyembre 25, 2014

Facts about Concrete Batching Plants

The modern world can barely exist without concrete. It is the structure that makes up a huge portion of every construction made today. So what makes concrete so sturdy and dependable that no structure of importance (or of lesser interest) is without it?

Essentially, concrete is a mixture of two components: aggregates and paste. The former is the main component that determines the strength, durability, and flexibility of the concrete, whereas the former binds it all together into a solid mass. Modern aggregates include various types of components, such as gravel and stone. Cement serves as the primary paste material.

Concrete batching is the process of mixing the aggregate and paste together. It involves a machine called a concrete batching plant, which could be mobile, or may consist of a series of machines complete with conveyor technology for large-scale production. There are two main types of batch plants, ready mix and central mix.

For large-scale plants, operation typically runs in four parts: aggregate feeding, power feeding, conveyance and storage. A conveyor belt delivers the aggregate into the weighing hopper, and when the materials’ weights meet the standard amount, the hopper opens up and delivers the aggregate to a mixer, where it will be mixed for a set period of time.

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14 September 2011

Tokelau to use solar, coconut oil to generate energy

Tokelau's leader Foua Toloa said this week solar energy will provide the majority of the electricity by the middle of next year and the rest will come from coconut oil, NewScientist.com reported Tuesday.

Motor vehicles and some cooking equipment will still be allowed to use fossil fuels but renewables will provide most of the nation's power needs, he said.

Around 1,500 people live on the three small Pacific atolls administered by New Zealand.

The islands' highest point is just 16 feet above sea level, making them vulnerable to rising ocean levels caused in great part by global warming from burning fossil fuels.

Tokelau currently relies on fossil fuels for its power, including kerosene, gasoline and natural gas, which are transported from New Zealand.

The new plan calls for each island's electricity grid to be fed by solar photovoltaic cells, with batteries to store excess electricity for the night.

During periods of overcast or when electricity demand exceeds solar supply, coconut oil will fuel a generator to supply power and recharge the batteries, officials said


starlady: (abhorsen)
[personal profile] starlady
Byatt, A.S. The Children's Book. New York: Knopf, 2009.

I love A.S. Byatt. I think her Booker Prize-winning novel Possession (1990) is one of the best novels of the past 25 years, and still the best (and also, I think, the originator) of the "present day researchers investigate lives of interesting past people, but only the reader gets the whole story" books. In some ways Byatt writes Victorian novels but includes the bits that the Victorians disregarded or spoke about only euphemistically or didn't notice at all--sex, class, gender.

The Children's Book, which was a finalist for the Booker, follows an interconnected set of artists and families, mostly in England but a little in Germany, from 1895 until 1919. The central figure is Olive Wellwood, modeled on the writer E. Nesbit, a writer of children's stories, along with her husband, her sister and their clan of children. As the novel opens Olive is visiting the new Albert Museum to speak to one of its staff members, Prosper Cain, about objets d'art suitable to build stories on; in the underside of the museum Tom Wellwood and Julian Cain, sons of their respective parents, find a boy their age, Phillip Warren, who's run away from his family in the potteries to be--though Phillip himself is fairly inarticulate about this--an artist, not just a worker. Phillip is deposited in due course in the household of the sculptor Benedict Fludd (modeled on Eric Gill in most respects), who is brilliant but also mad by turns, and from there events spool out.

In some ways there's too much going on in this book to talk about it in any overarching way: the characters and their struggles in their lives encapsulate their era perfectly, an era that is in many ways hard to visualize except in light of what ended it. The book is stuffed with descriptions of works of art, descriptions of people reacting to works of art, quotations and cameos and descriptions of actual historical figures' actions and writings--and I don't think anyone is better than Byatt at describing works of art, or, for that matter, at describing artists, how they think and how they react and how, as a master German puppeteer says, they give parts of their lives up to their work, because they are driven to do it. There are several inset stories and poems in the book, all of which are charming and perfectly pitched; again, I don't think anyone I've read is better than Byatt at appropriating the literary voice of a bygone era.

Another thing that comes through achingly clearly in The Children's Book is the toll that artists exact on their families. Olive's oldest son Tom, who is in some ways the motive force in all her writings, is never able to escape the net of his mother's imaginings--like Peter Pan, he is a boy who refuses to grow up, and like the real life inspiration for Peter, Michael Llewelyn Davies (and like Kenneth Grahame's only son, Mouse), Tom eventually kills himself. (Most of the characters actually attend the premiere of Peter Pan, which Tom loathes, because, as one character wisely observes, it hits too close to home for him, and Olive eventually dramatises the story she wrote for Tom, about a prince named Tom whose shadow was stolen, rendering him unable to grow up, so that he is forced to quest underground for it, endlessly. The shadow, I think, works wonderfully both in the story and as a larger metaphor.) Benedict Fludd commits incest with his two daughters from their childhood onwards, which other characters only divine from stumbling onto his collection of obscene sculptures of them. Indeed, even parents who aren't artists behave badly towards their children; Fludd's wife lives in a permanent liquor-and-laudanum stupor, while Olive's husband Humphrey attempts to seduce their daughter Dorothy on the grounds that she's not his biological daughter--as indeed, some of the children are actually her sister Violet's, by Humphrey, just as Humphrey and several other of the male characters sire numerous children out of wedlock. One character, a lecturer on free love inspired by H.G. Wells and D.H. Lawrence, is the father of multiple female characters' illegitimate children, while his wife, who left her three children to live with him, sits barren at their home, sunbathing in the nude. One gets the feeling, though, that in his lectures Byatt is both poking gentle fun at the contemporary novelists of the period, and offering her own artistic manifesto:
It was not possible in a novel to describe most of the world as it really was.
It should be. We need honest novels much more than we need moralising tracts."
In some ways the female characters in the book seem more real to me than most of the men, if only because Byatt makes painfully clear the constricted opportunities available to women of every class at the time, and the way in which one mistake, one indiscriminate temptation, can lead to utter disaster due to the unavailability of birth control--indeed, the women who do manage to make careers for themselves do so at the price of celibacy. Dorothy Wellwood, who becomes an MD and then a surgeon, can only marry after the war, when Phillip has been either sterilized or rendered impotent by shrapnel. Other female characters are clearly destined to be part of the generation of women whose should-have-been husbands died in the trenches, while the children of the war's survivors, one is reminded uncomfortably in the novel's closing pages, will grow up just in time to finish the war their parents couldn't, just as their parents raised them into a golden world that fell into ruin after the assassination of the Archduke.

The Children's Book is not quite perfect--the first two parts move slightly more fleetly than the last two, and some characters drop out of the narrative too suddenly, or with no mention at all. But these flaws are extremely minor, and if the book lags a bit between Tom's suicide and the outbreak of the war--which in the last chapter Byatt describes, one hopes ironically, as la Guerre Finie--the war, and particularly the war poetry of Julian Cain, make up for all that. The book unearths a great many things that have been buried, from the violence for and against women's suffrage to the Fabian Society, and does, I think, succeed in describing most of the world at the time as it really was.


Man-made greenhouse gas emissions have become the dominant cause of melting in glaciers from the Alps to the Andes that is raising world sea levels, a study said on Thursday.

Human emissions accounted for an estimated 69 per cent of loss of ice from glaciers from 1991-2010, overtaking natural climate variations that had been the main driver of a retreat since the mid-19th century, researchers wrote in the journal Science.

Until now, scientists have struggled to quantify the impact of human behaviour on glaciers because the frozen rivers of ice take decades, perhaps centuries, to respond to rising temperatures and shifts in snow and rainfall.

The study published on Thursday used historical observations of glaciers around the world, except in Antarctica, twinned with computer models to simulate all factors that could explain the retreat. It found that natural variations were not enough on their own, meaning man-made greenhouse gases played an increasing role.

"This is more evidence of human influence on the climate," Ben Marzeion, of the University of Innsbruck in Austria and lead author of the study, told Reuters.

Many glaciers grew during a period known as the Little Ice Age from 1350 to 1850, perhaps caused by a natural decline in the sun's output or sun-dimming volcanic eruptions. Some natural warming followed that period.

So while it may seem obvious that human-caused climate change would be responsible for the melting of glaciers, "it's just a little bit more complicated than that, because the glaciers would have been melting anyway," said Graham Cogley, a glaciologist at Trent University in Peterborough, Ont., who co-authored the paper.

Marzeion, Cogley and their collaborators wanted to know how much they would have been melting with and without human influence.

Natural warming used to be dominant

Based on their analysis, the scientists estimated that human influences accounted for only about 25 per cent of glaciers' total retreat since 1850 — meaning that natural swings in the climate, such as changes in the sun's output, have long been dominant.

Michael Zemp, head of the World Glacier Monitoring Service at the University of Zurich, said snowfall declined after around 1850. Rising temperatures from about the 1890s, when wider burning of coal meant more greenhouse gases, hastened the thaw.

"The big majority of glaciers have been retreating over the past century," he told Reuters. "We even have an accelerated retreat in recent decades." Glaciers have also varied widely - many Alpine glaciers advanced in the 1970s and 1980s.

Thursday's study estimated that water from melting glaciers has contributed a total of 13.3 cm (5 inches) from 1851-2010 to rising sea levels. Without human influences the rise would still have been 9.9 cm (4 inches).

Retreat will continue for decades

Zemp said that greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere meant that glacier retreat and related sea level rise would continue for decades, even if emissions were to stop now.

Retreating glaciers are a concern for several reasons other than the sea level rise they generate. For instance, in the Himalayas, they supply water vital to millions of people that is usually replenished by snowfall on the glacier in the winter. As they retreat, that water source could dry up for good.

Melting glaciers can also pose an additional problem, Cogley said. The meltwater sometimes pools into "dammed lakes." And when those give way, they may generate devastating landslides and floods that can wipe out entire villages.

The researchers used data on 200,000 glaciers around the world, which are compiled in a database called the Randolph Glacier Inventory that Cogley co-ordinates. He said Antarctic glaciers are not included in the study because they are much bigger and behave very differently from smaller glaciers. For example, they tend to lose most of their mass as they break off into the ocean, rather than from summer melting.

The data was fed into computer models developed by Marzeion and his team.

Compared to the human influence on glaciers, pinning down a human influence on temperatures has been easier. A U.N. scientific panel said last year that it was at least 95 per cent probable that mankind was the main cause of higher surface temperatures since 1950.

With files from CBC News


WebCards Manual

Installation Instructions

In addition to the instructions below, you should read the readme.html file which will give up-to-the-minute information on installing the specific version you have downloaded.

After unzipping the files you downloaded, open up config.php. You need to edit your database information to allow WebCards to connect to your MySQL database. You need to enter the database host, your username and password and the name of the database. Each table can also be given a prefix to prevent conflicts with other programs. You can change this from the default of wc_ if you wish.

Upload all the files, including your edited config.php, to an appropriate folder on your server. Once you have uploaded all the unzipped files to your server, navigate to install.php to start the installation process.

The first screen will check your database information is correct and that a connection can be established.

If you have any problems with the connection, please check that the database information you entered in config.php is correct. You can get your database information from your web host.

Once a connection has been established, click "Continue To Installation" to access the main form. Very few details are required to install WebCards.

First of all check that the path directory and URL are correct. The default values are usually correct and it is important that both values end with a trailing slash.

Next, enter the username, password and email address that you wish to use to login to the admin centre.

Once you click "Continue" your database will be installed. Check for any error messages and make any corrections that the installation file recommends.

Once your installation is complete, follow the link to access the administration centre. Login with the username and password your created during installation.


Friday, September 7, 2012

Memory Box - construction

Instructions for the box I shared yesterday.

*it is best to start with a pre-made paper mache` box if available*
3 pieces of 12 x 12 card stock
double stick tape
ruler and stylus (or scoring board)
paper cutter
hobby knife and straight edge

It is MUCH easier and far less time consuming to use a pre-made craft box as your base. If you don't have one, you can make your own such as I did. The two previous Memory Boxes I made from paper mache boxes, but I didn't have any more "in stock" and there are no craft supply stores nearby so I improvised.

I started with scratch paper, 12 x 12 in size, so I could figure out the dimensions and how I wanted to construct the box. It required three pieces of 12 x 12 card stock as well as chipboard to cut to fit inside to make it sturdier. My original idea was to construct the box out of mat board then cover it with card stock, but after thinking about it a bit more, I decided the lid would be tricky . So this is what I came up with (adjust dimensions as you'd like):

Cut two of the sides and base out of one piece of 12x 12 card stock.

Cut the other two sides out of a second piece of 12 x 12 card stock.

Cut the lid out of the third piece of card stock.

Apply super sticky double stick tape to the tabs that will adhere the sides and bottom together.

Carefully attach the pieces. Start with the bottom, two sides piece then wrap the other two sides piece around. It can be a bit tricky, especially if your tape is very sticky (only expose one piece of tape at a time to help avoid the wrong parts sticking to the wrong pieces of tape).

I recommend lining the card stock box with chipboard to make it a bit more sturdy, especially if you are adding a lot of embellishments to the sides. You don't want it to get warped or saggy looking over time. Cut chipboard to fit snugly inside the box. A couple of pieces may need to be trimmed a tiny bit smaller to fit properly. Adhere with double sided sticky tape. Insert the base piece first. To attach the sides, you'll want to slide it in away from the card stock. Tilt the top away while you scoot the bottom of the chipboard towards the bottom fold of the box. This will help you line it up square as you are pressing the sides up to the top of the box because once your tape is stuck to the card stock, it is very difficult to remove if it is not properly lined up, square.

Glue a piece inside the lid and around the inside edges if you'd like. Make sure the lid is loose enough to allow the chipboard to fit. I made the mistake of not allowing enough space when I made my box so there is no chipboard around the inside edges (mine was cut and scored to make a 5 7/8" square top, not quite enough room). I adjusted the pattern shared here to make a 6" square lid, more than enough room to line the edges with chipboard.

Your box is complete and ready to decorate !

For a different version of a box, not as sturdy more room for many more photos, look here.

  1. Your talent simply amazes me. I would never have the patient to make my own box. Loved the memory box...

  2. Fabulous design and you did a wonderful job sharing it!!


18, December 2015

Fundamental analysis

EUR/USD (a 4-hour chart)

The Fed raised the key interest rates for the first time since 2006. The GDP and the unemployment long term forecasts were moderately revised towards the positive direction, on the other hand, the inflation rate was moderately revised towards the negative direction. The US dollar revaluation had a negative impact on exporters, so that the third quarter negative trade balance amounted to 133.7 billion dollars which is 6.21% more than in the same period in 2014. The US published the number of jobless claims report for the last week. The data came out at the level of 271 thousand; the forecasted median was 275 thousand.

The IFO Institute published the December Germany business sentiment index which came out at the level of 108.7. The pair euro/dollar showed a decrease.

The British currency has ignored the inflation and the employment moderately positive data. The retail sales forecasted medians were higher in November that supported the pound. The October average earnings report showed the growth rate slowdown which is a negative factor for the retail sector. The UK consumer confidence index fell to 1p in November which had been the lowest level for five months. There was a decrease in the pair GBP/USD.

The US and the Japanese government bond yields have increased after the FOMC decision to raise interest rates which increased the investment attractiveness into the US assets and contributed to the dollar demand. The low energy prices have forced the Bank of Japan to revise its inflation forecasts. The Japanese November trade balance report has already been published: 0.0 trillion yen from 0.20 trillion yen. The pair dollar/yen was growing.


dimanche 16 septembre 2012

Presumed planet of origin:  a planetoid in an asteroid belt located in the Gamma Canaris star system, less than 1000 ly from Earth, possibly a remnant of a planet breakup. It is one of 7000 bodies  in the asteroid belt, 34 % of which had some type of atmosphere. The composition of the planetoid is iron and nickel, and it had an atmosphere that consisted primarily of oxygen and nitrogen with traces of krypton, argon, and neon. The general surface temperature was 75 °F. Gravity was 1G.
Only one representative of this species is known. The Companion is a non humanoid lifeform  composed chiefly of ionized hydrogen and electricity. It appeared as a gaseous, vaguely sparkling cloud of yellow, orange, and red.It is able to communicate via telepathy with willing to do so. It has the ability to rejuvenate organic life, and inhibit the aging process, disperse or teleport itsel, produce material objects, including food and water and manipulate objects through telekynesis, produce electric discharges. It can also merge with a humanoid, creating a joined entity. In doing this, the creature sacrifices its immortality and most of its other powers.
Source: Star Trek universe,  (TOS: "Metamorphosis")

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The Complete Euripides: Volume V: Medea and Other Plays

Format: Print Length

Language: English

Format: PDF / Kindle / ePub

Size: 5.19 MB

Downloadable formats: PDF

Satan and other devils have frequently been portrayed as snakes, as in the biblical story of Eden where a sly serpent tempts Eve and Adam into disobeying God. The following quotes are taken from Plato's great work 'The Republic', and speak grandly for themselves, thus I largely leave them as they are, with little commentary or analysis. 'We are like people looking for something they have in their hands all the time; we're looking in all directions except at the thing we want, which is probably why we haven't found it.' 'Not in the first generation', he said, 'but you might succeed with the second and later generations.' 'We will ask the critics to be serious for once, and remind them that it was not so long ago that the Greeks thought - as most of the barbarians still think - that it was shocking and ridiculous for men to be seen naked.

Pages: 516

Publisher: Oxford University Press; 1 edition (January 4, 2011)

This is a helpful introduction to Neoplatonic thought. The bulk of the text are selections of Plotinus’ work, but it also contains selections from Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Proclus. Since, like the Presocratics, original works are lacking in Hellenistic thought, this book is a good place to begin. It collects central texts, including ancient commentaries, covering the central themes of physics, logic, and ethics from epicurean, stoic, and skeptic perspectives First and foremost, it is important to remember drama was a new art form in Aeschylus' day As a result, it is also important that each woman in the text who is meant to represent male alliances and brotherhood is behaves according to her subordinate position. The women in Beowulf, at least on first glance, might appear to be glorified waitresses and sexual objects, but their role is far more complicated than this He had sixteen works of Plato and a revered copy of Homer sent him from Constantinople; and thus, as he himself expressed it, the first of poets and the first of philosophers took up their abode with him , source: PHILOMELA: Greek name composed of the elements philos "dear, sweet" and melos "song," usually rendered "sweet singer; nightingale." PHILOMENA: Feminine form of Greek Philomenes, meaning "love-strong." PHOIBE: Original Greek form of Latin Phoebe. This is the feminine form of Greek Phoibos, meaning "shining one." PHOTINE: Greek name derived from the word phos, meaning "light." PHYLLIS: Greek myth name of a girl who killed herself over love and was transformed into an almond tree, meaning "foliage." The Centre is dedicated to the promotion and management of Actors, Performers and Entertainers of Greek & Cypriot Origin and of Ordinary Greek People for the Film, TV, Entertainment and Advertising Industries". Greek-o-File: Real enthusiasts here for all things Greek. Set up by Sylvia Stephenson and Terry Cook this is a subscription magazine (currently �15 per annum) The idea is that every quarter you receive entertaining and informative pages to add to your own Greek-o-File on all aspects of the Greek World ancient & modern, Greek life, books & music reviews, food & recipes, Greek language, travel information on the less commercialised Greek destinations and travellers' anecdotes

If you would like to start working on some of the lessons before class starts, please email me and I will give you the address for the class recordings. If you will be taking Greek with me please try to master as much of the alphabet and basic paradigms as you can before class begins , source: That template will be followed by Aristotle's Politics, by Cicero's De Re Publica, and by Thomas More's Utopia, among other successors. In Plato's hands, however, this template included some specific political prescriptions to maintain the unity of the ideal city which most of his successors abhorred. In particular, Book V of the Republic suggests that a sufficiently unified regime can be achieved only by depriving its guardian-rulers of private property and of private families, instead making them live in austere communal conditions in which they are financially supported by their money-making subjects and allowed to procreate only when and with whom will best serve the city Further evidence for the supposedly passionate and irrational behaviour of women can similarly be found in the earlier work of Sappho, whose poetry frequently alludes to the sexual energy of women. Poems 94 and 96 utilise a rich canvas of language with natural imagery as metaphor for female eroticism. Yet Sappho’s account of women’s sexuality, unlike Euripides’, shows a largely positive approach towards female passion
For example, pino (πίνω = "I drink") in perfect becomes pepoka (πέπωκα = "I have drunk"); temno (τέμνω = "I cut") becomes tetmeka (τέτμηκα = "I have cut"); kamno (κάμνω = "I work") becomes kekmeka (κέκμηκα = "I have worked") In the early 13th century, an account of Harold’s life was produced for Waltham Abbey. If you are interested in learning more about this alternative perspective on the Norman Conquest, you can visit Epping Forest District Museum in Waltham Abbey, which has an exhibition on Harold II: The Life, Legend and Legacy of the Last Anglo-Saxon King of England until 24 December 2016 , cited: Classical authors described the ancient druids in Gaul and Britain having many different duties. They were teachers, philosophers, physicians, priests, seers and sorceress. They were generally responsible for teaching the noble class and their druid apprentices But in order to arrive there, the body must travel two and a half feet, ad infinitum. Since, then, space is infinitely divisible, but we have only a finite time to traverse it, it cannot be done. Presumably, one could not even begin a journey at all ref.: In her speech, Cassandra reverses the notion of kleos (κλέος), the fame won by the Greeks through conquering Troy (365– 402). She argues that despite their eventual defeat the Trojans were in fact more fortunate than the Greeks, because the Greek soldiers fought and died in a foreign country, whereas the Trojans defended their own city and were buried by their own families: Τρῶες δὲ πρῶτον μέν, τὸ κάλλιστον κλέος, ὑπὲρ πάτρας ἔθνισκον· οὓς δ‘ ἕλοι δόρυ, νεκροὶ γ’ ἐς οἴκους φερόμενοι φίλων ὕπο ἐν γῆι πατρωίαι περιβολὰς εἶχον χθονός, χερσὶν περισταλέντες ὧν ἐχρῆν ὕπο· Acts in Greek Tragedy (Martin Classical Lectures; Princeton, N
Serpents and snakes have long been associated with good as well as with evil, representing both life and death, creation and destruction , source: Remember, there is no [sh] in Greek! (Except in the dialect of Crete, to be accurate.) So, sounds simple. There are three so-called �diphthongs�, which are not diphthongs anymore, but digraphs. (A diphthong is a long vowel with more than one parts, each of which has a different quality, such as the ou in �loud�, or the oy in �boy�; a digraph is two letters which, when put together, are read as one unit, such as the th in �think�, or the ph in �graph�.) Here are the Greek digraphs of vowels: [av] if the following sound is voiced, and [af] if the following sound is unvoiced [au], as in �loud� He seems to have adopted Plato's prescription for the community of women and children, and at least some aspects of his insistence on the potential civic equality of men and women and political irrelevance of their anatomical differences. Humans share many characteristics and tendencies with other animals, and their initial impulse to form into society is a social rather than strictly political one: they are animated by a tendency to associate with those akin to themselves (the Stoic notion of oikeiôsis) Even the Greek deity associated with magic, Hecate, is a woman. This tendency to write powerful, magical sorceresses as evil at worst and petty or inscrutable at best is a common theme that has run through mythology, fairytales and fantasy download pdf. Outside these wall was another public space, the gymnasium. This is where athletes trained; covered porticoes allowed training to continue in bad weather, and also provided shaded areas for activities such as music, discussion and social meetings They were literally enlightened by the addition of gold, vivid colors, and ornamental letters. Large monasteries had rooms called scriptoria where monks would copy manuscripts. The scribes in the scriptorium were not allowed to talk, nor were they allowed to correct mistakes in the text from which they were copying, which is why errors grew in each generation of a manuscript , cited: read online. This was made from treated leather and many sheets were needed to produce a good length book. The shortage of both materials and personnel meant that choices had to be made about what would be copied and what would not be. Although it is common today to hear people complain that the monks who did the work did not copy what interests us and instead what interested them, this is simply anachronism and close to bigotry So we should have had from the stem "stE" a proper form *si-ste-mi He ruled over Magadha (Bihar), Prayaga and Saketa (east Uttar Pradesh). His kingdom extended from the river Ganges to Allahabad. Chandragupta I also got the title of Maharajadhiraja (King of Kings) and ruled for about fifteen years. An important act of Chandragupta I was the holding of an assembly of councillors and members of the royal family at which Prince Samudragupta was formally nominated as the successor of the Gupta empire , e.g.

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