Vegetarian Diet

Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes meat (including game and slaughter by-products), fish (including shellfish and other sea animals) and poultry. There are several variants of the diet, some of which also exclude eggs and/or some products produced from animal labour such as dairy products and honey.

Most vegetarians consume dairy products, and many eat eggs. Lacto-vegetarianism includes dairy products but excludes eggs - ( as practiced by Vegetarian Hindu people of India ), ovo-vegetarianism includes eggs but not dairy, and lacto-ovo-vegetarianism includes both eggs and dairy products.

Semi-vegetarianism consists of a diet largely of vegetarian foods, but may include fish and sometimes even poultry, as well as dairy products and eggs. The association of semi-vegetarianism with vegetarianism in popular vernacular, particularly pescetarianism (also called pesco-vegetarianism and described as a “vegetarian” diet that includes fish), has led to what vegetarian groups cite as improper categorisation of these diets as vegetarian. The Vegetarian Society, which initiated popular usage of the term vegetarian as early as 1847, condemns the association of semi-vegetarian diets as valid vegetarianism; the organisation points out that the consumption of fish is not vegetarian.

Choosing Vegetarian Diet

The reasons for choosing vegetarianism may be related to morality, religion, culture, ethics, aesthetics, environment, society, economy, politics, taste, or health. A generic term for both vegetarianism and veganism, as well as for similar diets, is “plant-based diets”. Properly planned vegetarian diets have been found to satisfy the nutritional needs for all stages of life, and large-scale studies have shown vegetarianism to significantly lower risks of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, and other diseases. Other dietary practices commonly associated with vegetarianism:

Fruitarianism is a diet of only fruit, nuts, seeds, and other plant matter that can be gathered without harming the plant.

Su vegetarianism originating in Buddhism, excludes all animal products as well as the fetid vegetables: onion, garlic, scallions, leeks, or shallots.

Macrobiotic diet is a diet of mostly whole grains and beans. Not all macrobiotics are vegetarians, as some consume fish.

Raw veganism is a diet of fresh and uncooked fruit, nuts, seeds, and vegetables.

Dietary veganism: whereas vegans do not use animal products of any kind, dietary vegans restrict their veganism to their diet.

Some vegetarians also avoid products that may use animal ingredients not included in their labels or which use animal products in their manufacturing i.e. cheeses that use animal rennet, gelatin (from animal skin, bones, and connective tissue), some sugars that are whitened with bone char (e.g. cane sugar, but not beet sugar) and alcohol clarified with gelatin or crushed shellfish and sturgeon. Vegetarians who eat eggs sometimes prefer free-range eggs (as opposed to battery farmed eggs) on moral grounds.

Semi-vegetarian diets

Semi-vegetarian diets are diets that primarily consist of vegetarian foods, but make exceptions for some non-vegetarian foods. These diets may be followed by those who choose to reduce the amount of animal flesh consumed, or sometimes as a way of transitioning to a vegetarian diet. These terms are neologisms based on the word “vegetarian”. They may be regarded with contention by some strict vegetarians, as they combine terms for vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets.

Additionally, many individuals describe themselves as simply “vegetarian” while actually practicing a semi-vegetarian diet.

Semi-vegetarianism — A diet that excludes certain meats, particularly red meat, but allows the consumption of others in limited amounts.

Pescetarianism — A diet that excludes all meat except fish, shellfish, and crustacea.

Pollotarianism — A diet that excludes all meat except poultry and fowl.

Flexitarianism — A diet that consists primarily of vegetarian food, but that allows occasional exceptions.


Forward Strategies E-mail
  1. Fleet Expansion

    There is a trend towards moving oilfield development to deep water operations and as such, FEG intends to expand its current fleet of vessels and also the capabilities of its fleet for deep water operations. The Group will also build on OSCL’s capabilities to improve operational efficiency and productivity.
  2. Geographical Expansion

    FEG’s vessels currently operate out of South East Asia, India and Australia. In line with its fleet expansion plans, the Group will expand its operations to other fast-growing geographical regions such as Africa and the Middle East. FEG, through OSCL, has built up an extensive network of business associates such that it will be well-positioned to penetrate booming markets.
  3. Diversification

    The Group intends to diversify its business in the offshore oil & gas industry by expanding its business and capabilities to provide a wider range of oilfield services. For example, FEG intends to provide services to companies in the petroleum exploration and production industry not directly involved in actual production of oil or petroleum.

    FEG will also actively develop other oilfield projects involving Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (“FPSO”) vessels, Floating, Storage and Offloading (“FSO”) vessels and other production facilities in conjunction with its existing customer base.


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CSE Mains Optional Chemistry syllabus

Chemistry Paper – I

1. Atomic Structure:

2. Chemical Bonding:

Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding in H2+, H2, He2+ to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, and CN–; Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength and bond length.

3. Solid State:

Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell; Bragg’s law; X-ray diffraction by crystals; Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values; Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl and CaF2; Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors.

4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon:

Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions and critical phenomena and liquefaction of gases, Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion; Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases.

5. Liquid State:

Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface energy, wetting and contact angle, interfacial tension and capillary action.

6. Thermodynamics:

Work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics.

Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various processes, entropy–reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; Thermodynamic equation of state; Maxwell relations; Temperature, volume and pressure dependence of U, H, A, G, Cp and Cv; J-T effect and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics.

7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions:

Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids–upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination.

8. Electro chemistry:

Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density; overpotential; electroanalytical techniques: Polarography, amperometry, ion selective electrodes and their uses.

9. Chemical Kinetics:

Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions; Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; branching chain and explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant; Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods; Collisions and transition state theories.

10. Photo chemistry:

11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis:

Absorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents, Langmuir and B.E.T. adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.

12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry:

Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins.

13. Coordination Compounds:

(i) Bonding theories of metal complexes; Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes.

(ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planer complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.

(iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization; Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters.

14. Main Group Chemistry:

Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicones, Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur – nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds.

15. General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Elements: Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction.

Chemistry Paper – II

1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding:

Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones.

2. (i) Reaction Mechanisms: General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanism of organic reactions: isotopic method, cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.

(iii) Substitution Reactions: SN1, SN2 and SNi mechanisms; neighbouring group participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compounds including heterocyclic compounds–pyrrole, furan, thiophene and indole.

(iv) Elimination Reactions: E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions–Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination – Chugaev and Cope eliminations.

(v) Addition Reactions: Electrophilic addition to C=C and C≡C; nucleophilic addition to C=0, C≡N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.

(vi) Reactions and Rearrangements: (a) Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer–Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.

3. Pericyclic Reactions: Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules – electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO approach.

4. (i) Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Organic polymers–polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber.

5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents:

OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAlH4, NaBH4, n-BuLi and MCPBA.

6. Photochemistry:

7. Spectroscopy:

Principle and applications in structure elucidation:

(i) Rotational: Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.

(ii) Vibrational: Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of functional groups in poly atomic molecules.

(iii) Electronic: Singlet and triplet states; n p* and p p* transitions; application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls–Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge transfer spectra.

(iv) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and spin-spin interaction and coupling constants.

(v) Mass Spectrometer : Parent peak, base peak, meta stable peak, McLafferty rearrangement.

Feel free to comment !!


The Editor's Desk: Is this any way to run a legislature?

Monday’s Athens Banner-Herald included a story from veteran state capital reporter Walter Jones of Morris News Service on the winding down of this year’s edition of the Georgia General Assembly session that ought to have every Georgian asking a very serious question:

Is this any way to run a legislature?

Sadly enough, Jones’ story, which you can find online at http://bit.ly/Yliuri, doesn’t describe an anomalous culmination of just this legislative session; rather, it’s a recitation of the script that plays out every year under the Capitol’s gold dome. It is at best an amateurish process, and at worst, a calculated effort at obfuscation designed to ensure that only a select few lawmakers have any real idea what’s going on, and what the consequences will be, as a flurry of votes are taken.

Here are excerpts from Jones’ play-by-play of anticipated actions in the few days remaining in the legislative session:

• “Lawmakers and lobbyists who saw bills they supported fall by the wayside ... are feverishly urging (legislative) committees to attach the wording of those bills as amendments to living bills. At the same time, other legislators are voting in committee to remove unwanted provisions from bills.”

• “A more frequent feature in the floor sessions this week will be the ‘agrees and disagrees,’ where the authors of bills ask the whole House or Senate to either accept or reject the changes all that surgery (the amendments noted above) created. ...

“Agrees and disagrees happen fast, without debate, without an agenda and in any order.”

• “A ‘disagree’ gives the other chamber the opportunity to recede from its position and accept the original version or insist on the changes, which sets up the need for a conference committee to negotiate the differences.

Lawmakers face a strict deadline for concluding their legislative session. The regular session is set for a mandated 40 legislative days (not calendar days, which is why the session, which begins on the second Monday in January, routinely stretches into late March) with 11:59 p.m. on the 40th day the start of the absolute last minute to get things done. Thus, the final two days of the session are a nightmarish blizzard of votes on amendments and bills that can leave even experienced lawmakers wondering exactly what they’ve done.

So, you might ask, if this process so clearly eschews sound legislative principles, why does it remain in place? But even as you ask the question, you likely have the inklings of an answer.

It remains in place, my friends, because it ensures that at the end of the day, it is the most seasoned legislators who will have worked their will in the General Assembly. Not coincidentally, the will of those lawmakers is likely to bear remarkable similarity to the will of the clients of the well-heeled lobbyists who bestow their largess on lawmakers who can get things done — even if they get those things done in a process that effectively shuts the rest of us out of our own halls of government.

Sun, 2017-03-26 12:29am

Huckaby: Now a property owner in Athens

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About D2d

The Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes (D2d) study is a large multi-center clinical trial conducted in twenty-two cities around the United States. The goal of D2d is to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective in delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in people at risk for the disease and to gain a better understanding of how vitamin D affects glucose metabolism. D2d met its enrollment target in December 2016. 2,398 participants who are at risk of developing diabetes were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D or placebo and will be followed for an average of 4 years for development of diabetes.

“The D2d study aims to definitively answer that question, can vitamin D reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?” says Myrlene Staten, M.D., D2d Project Officer at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of NIH. “Vitamin D use has risen sharply in the U.S. in the last 15 years, since it has been suggested as a remedy for a variety of conditions, including prevention of type 2 diabetes. But we need rigorous testing to determine if vitamin D will help prevent diabetes. That’s what D2d will do.”

There are over 86 million Americans who are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating, exercise and weight loss, can decrease the chances of developing diabetes. However, many people still develop diabetes despite efforts at changing their lifestyle.  Therefore, there is a need for interventions that are safe, inexpensive and easy to implement to prevent type 2 diabetes and decrease disease burden. Based on recently published studies, vitamin D has emerged as a potential determinant of type 2 diabetes risk. However, according to reports by the Institute of Medicine and the Endocrine Society, the evidence to support vitamin D supplementation for prevention of diabetes is inconclusive and D2d is expected to be the definitive study to answer this question.

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Inside Labour: Living wages versus poverty wages

Feb 17 2017 05:01
Patrick Craven

WHEN the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu) delayed signing the R20 an hour minimum wage agreement, Business Day wrote that “there was something ironic about this week’s signing by all the social partners - except Cosatu...  It was, after all, Cosatu which had long pushed for a national minimum wage, mooting it for the first time ahead of its 2012 national conference.”

For many workers however what was more then just “ironic” is how on earth Cosatu - plus the National Council of Trade Unions and the Federation of Unions of South Africa - could ever have agreed to sign an agreement which would have legitimised paying poverty wages to millions of workers.

That was not the living wage that Cosatu delegates voted for in 2012, and certainly not what workers today are demanding.

South Africa’s biggest union the National Union of Metalworkers (Numsa)has registered “its disgust at the proposed amount of R3 500 per month, [which] reinforces South Africa as a haven for cheap labour, just as it was under Apartheid… This was done without any consultation, let alone any mandate from the South African working class. If this agreement were to be implemented, it would be the final nail in the coffin for the workers’ struggle in South Africa.”

R3 500 a month is nowhere close to a living wage. Economists have calculated that South Africa’s “working-poor line" is R4 125 a month, and that 54% of full-time employees - 5.5 million workers - earn below that. So the Nedlac agreement condemns millions of workers to live below in poverty.

"The Steering Committee for a new union federation too has condemned the ANC… R3 500 will mean that about 60% of workers live below the minimum living level and therefore in poverty.”

READ: R20 per hour for workers is an insult - Numsa

And, even worse, it is being suggested that the final legislation could include “exemptions” which would allow employers to pay even lower wages to certain workers. The National Minimum Wage Commission has been tasked to decide whether expanded public works programme (EPWP) participants should be excluded from the minimum wage.

Public Works Deputy Minister Jeremy Cronin says the government position was that EPWP should be excluded. “Presently they are paid R83 a day. If we increase that to R20 an hour, 310 000 will be out of work opportunities in a year”. Thus the 1st deputy general secretary of the South African Communist Party condemns a third of a million young super-exploited South Africans to dire poverty, doing jobs which should be done by paid employees.

Spurious capitalist argument

Anne Bernstein, head of the Centre for Development and Enterprise, even complains, in Business Day, that these proposed minimum wages are too high, using a spurious capitalist argument that “The balance of risk is that a high national minimum wage would increase rather than diminish our exceptionally high levels of poverty and inequality through job destruction in the short term and reduced labour absorption over the long term; possible reductions in GDP growth leading to lower per capita GDP, less redistribution through the fiscus, and higher inflation.”

She was partly answered by Imraan Valodia, chairperson of the National Minimum Wage Advisory Panel, for basing her argument on a false view that market forces dictate that the price of labour, and that like any other commodity, it is ruled by laws of supply and demand, and that if the price (wages) is too high firms will not employ workers.

Valodia correctly dismisses her idea that “labour markets operate just like a market for tomatoes - let the free market work and, just like tomatoes, labour supply will equal labour demand and unemployment problems will be solved”.

As he says: “Unlike a seller in a tomato market who is easily able to go to another buyer if the price offered is too low, a relatively skilled unemployed worker has very little option (except perhaps to starve) but to take employment that is offered, however low the wage.”

It is the workers’ labour that generates profits

But what both Bernstein and Valodia, and indeed everyone else in this debate, are missing is that the fundamental difference between a worker and a tomato is that it is the workers’ labour that creates wealth and generates their employers’ profits. A tomato only acquires value because workers plough the field, plant the seeds, harvest the fruit, transport it to the markets and sell it in a shop.

At every stage in the process value is added by the worker who sells his or her labour, but receives only a faction of that value in wages; the surplus value goes to the employer as profit. So the demand for a living minimum wage, like the R12 500 demanded by union Amcu and now Numsa, is not a plea for charity but for workers to get back a bigger share of the wealth their labour creates.

And, far from reducing gross domestic product, higher wages lead to higher demand for goods and services, which then leads to more jobs to meet that demand.

What is particularly outrageous about calls for workers to accept poverty wages is that in South Africa workers get back an even smaller share of the wealth they create than in other parts of the world. CEOs earn more than 500 times the per capita GDP. In the US, the figure is 300; in most of Europe, less than 200.

If further proof were needed of why we need the new workers’ federation, which is to be launched in March, it is this battle for a basic living, minimum wage.

Patrick Craven is a former national spokesperson of Cosatu and Numsa and a supporter of the Movement for Socialism, which aims to build a new revolutionary socialist workers’ party. Opinions expressed are his own.

patrick craven  |  minimum wage  |  labour  |  inside labour

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Karoon Gas Australia (ASX:KAR) Heffx Trading Outlook

Karoon Gas Australia (ASX:KAR) Heffx Trading Outlook

Karoon Gas Australia (ASX:KAR) Heffx Trading Outlook

Overall, the bias in prices is: Upwards.

Short term: Prices are moving.

Intermediate term: Prices are trending.

Note: this chart shows extraordinary price action to the upside.

By the way, prices are vulnerable to a correction towards 1.36.

The projected upper bound is: 1.70.

The projected lower bound is: 1.48.

The projected closing price is: 1.59.

Karoon Gas Australia Limited

Momentum Indicators

Stochastic Oscillator

One method of interpreting the Stochastic Oscillator is looking for overbought areas (above 80) and oversold areas (below 20). The Stochastic Oscillator is 70.1923. This is not an overbought or oversold reading. The last signal was a buy 15 period(s) ago.

Relative Strength Index (RSI)

The RSI shows overbought (above 70) and oversold (below 30) areas. The current value of the RSI is 77.69. This is where it usually tops. The RSI usually forms tops and bottoms before the underlying security. A buy or sell signal is generated when the RSI moves out of an overbought/oversold area. The last signal was a sell 83 period(s) ago.

Commodity Channel Index (CCI)

The CCI shows overbought (above 100) and oversold (below -100) areas. The current value of the CCI is 336.This is an overbought reading. However, a signal isn’t generated until the indicator crosses below 100. The last signal was a buy 13 period(s) ago.

The Moving Average Convergence/Divergence indicator (MACD) gives signals when it crosses its 9 period signal line. The last signal was a buy 10 period(s) ago.

Rex Takasugi – TD Profile

KAROON FPO closed up 0.190 at 1.585. Volume was 395% above average (trending) and Bollinger Bands were 51% wider than normal.

Open High Low Close Volume___
1.680 1.680 1.510 1.585 3,329,076

Technical Outlook
Short Term: Neutral
Intermediate Term: Bullish
Long Term: Bullish

Moving Averages: 10-period 50-period 200-period
Close: 1.35 1.33 1.41
Volatility: 77 52 61
Volume: 773,690 539,873 1,034,866

KAROON FPO is currently 12.7% above its 200-period moving average and is in an upward trend. Volatility is extremely high when compared to the average volatility over the last 10 periods. There is a good possibility that volatility will decrease and prices will stabilize in the near term. Our volume indicators reflect moderate flows of volume into KAR.AX (mildly bullish). Our trend forecasting oscillators are currently bullish on KAR.AX and have had this outlook for the last 2 periods. Our momentum oscillator is currently indicating that KAR.AX is currently in an overbought condition.

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In the world history of the traditional, classical and vernacular; buildings are often described as the notion of the "fabric" as a modifier of exterior and interior climates. However, it is important to recognize that buildings serve many purposes- functional, social, symbolic and aesthetic. These functions are interwoven in the design of buildings and in the use and experience of buildings. In the architecture of the Renaissance, the climatic principles were generally overridden by the requirements of proportion, symmetry and the correct use of the Orders.

Several theories may explain external environment, internal environment, people"s responses and the building fabric as interconnected and these four categories interacting in a complex way. The separation of the purposes-functional, social, symbolic and aesthetic can be useful in analysis and the separation of the Climate Building People strand is the structure of this package presented here. At the same time, it would be interesting to note that the ways in which buildings respond to climate and generate thermal comfort is closely related to the other three purposes of the buildings.

A good way to understand Climate - Building interaction is to study examples of building which have been designed and constructed in extreme climates, without the benefit of scientific analysis, professional designers or recorded meteorological data.

The variations in the natural climatic conditions are plotted graphically the form of a sinusoidal curve describing the diurnal pattern of increasing and decreasing temperatures. The diagram below shows an abstraction of the levels of climatic controls possible.

Precisely controlled indoor climate can only be achieved by active or mechanical systems (the straight lines in the diagram above). However, this may not be the aim of the building designer. Passive design can well attenuate the extremities of the climate and sometimes cause desired comfort indoors, with little seasonal or diurnal variations. The passive systems may not provide 100% climatic control, but they substantially reduce the task of the active systems and hence make them more economical.


June 11, 2015

Hyphenating Identities

In yet another excellent Religious Studies Project interview, we hear from University of California Santa Barbara Associate Professor Rudy Busto talking about race and religion in the United States. The objectives of this conversation focus predominantly upon topics like race and religion in America, the conflation of race as ethnicity and vice versa, and the use of race as an identity marker within the study of religion.

Throughout this delightful and meandering dialogue the listener is invited, indeed encouraged, to consider the systemic and institutionalized location of race alongside religion in the contemporary, modern socio-cultural milieu and scholastic Academy. With a particularly American slant (which is to say, a reliance on double-barrelled ethno-religious identifiers like Asian-American, or Japanese-American Buddhist), much of the discussion in this interview centers around the now almost implicitly assumed observation that the ways in which humans create and express their identities is a socially constructed phenomenon, one that lacks ontological existence and agency, and how race can be a prominent component of this construction. By further deconstructing and problematizing the use of constructed, blanketing concepts like race or culture, Busto shows how delicate the process of understanding the formation of an individual’s subjective understanding of themselves and the group to which they identify actually can be.

What is regrettably missing from this conversation is a deeper discussion that might provide us with an understanding of how, precisely, the constructed-ness of human identities as a theoretical model advances the field of RS. Building upon the excellent foundation laid by Busto in this interview, I would submit two pieces of scholarship as supplements, each delving into how the contemporary scholar of religion might deploy this constructed-ness of identity.

Skipping over the obvious progenitors of the ‘constructed human groups’ discussion (Hobsbawm, Ranger, Anderson, etc.), I often heavily rely upon two middle to late 20th century academics to focus the lens of constructed identity. The first is Steven Vertovec and his use of what he calls ‘vis-à-vis dynamics’ (2000:106). In this particular instance Vertovec is observing Hindus in ‘diasporic’ situations within the UK. That is to say, he records observations of individuals who identify as belonging to the group calling itself ‘Hindu’, though they are citizens of the United Kingdom. Regardless of whether the individual is a first, second, or third generation immigrant, Vertovec observes that their self-identity requires what RS scholars might call an ‘Other’. That is, an individual, object, or even an ethno-religious collective, such as Hindus and non-Hindus, in relation to which one forms at least one layer of their self-identity.

Therefore, a researcher might record a conversation with someone who, for example, identifies as Hindu because they perform arati on Sundays instead of attending synagogue or, of course, doing nothing at all. Conversely, perhaps a younger, third-generation student might identify as Scottish or English rather than Indian like their first-generation grandparents. These markers or borders that define to which group one belongs, Vertovec might argue, cannot be created in a vacuum and necessarily require a concept RS scholars call an Other. In our work then, we can subsequently examine questions such as how generational differences manifest in various groups, what impact public education has on how immigrants choose to identify, or indeed how we can more clearly define the very concept of ‘religion’ through an examination of the subjective identification of the individual to a particular religious tradition within a particular context.

The second scholar who I would submit as a supplement to this identity question is Clifford Geertz. Geertz was a specialist in Mediterranean groups and specifically, for the present case, of Muslim Moroccans. Geertz’s suggested deployment of what he thinks of as ‘mosaic identities’ illustrates a similar me/you dynamic as does Vertovec, yet in a slightly more colourful way. Geertz provides a handful of specific stories during which he observes that the individual has multiple, ‘nested’ identities that are centered on one’s location in social-political/religious spacetime (1974:26-45). He provides the narration of a particular male informant, whose identity as belonging to a particular group, ranging from his specific tribe, village, region, etc. are deployed in relation to the dominant group with whom he comes into contact. This is done within what I like to think of as a Russian-doll, or concentric field of layered concepts of belonging and identity. So, what we find in Geertz is that rather than a linear and subject-centric illustration of identity formation, he sees what might be a more fluid, group-oriented process of formation and understanding of self-identity.

Many of these same formations and scenarios can be noticed when one looks upon other constructed forms of human collective (and individual) identity, like race or ethnicity. We can use ideas like those of Busto, Vertovec, and Geertz–among myriad others of course–to consider questions about how we as scholars of religion might better define and deploy concepts such as race and religion. Indeed, as touched upon in this interview, we find ourselves in a time when countries like the UK and the US are, even now, officially providing their citizens the option of identifying via the use of hyphenated ethnicities.

So, in the interest of brevity, I would be quick to again praise any discussion that aims to shed further light on the process by which humans form and manifest their identity as an individual in isolation, as well as when done as a member of a group, as such discussions can only aid in progressing the field of Religious Studies.

Geertz, Clifford. 1974. “From the Native’s Point of View”. Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 28.1: 26-45.

Nye, Malory. 1995. A Place for Our Gods: The Construction of an Edinburgh Hindu Temple Community. Surrey: Curzon Press

Vertovec, Steven. 2000. The Hindu Diaspora. London and New York: Routledge.

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The mother of a child who uses the services of the Central Remedial Clinic has appealed to the public to continue to support the charity.

In an emotional interview on RTÉ's Morning Ireland, Maria Nolan said she was "disgusted and saddened" to hear that former chief executive Paul Kiely got over €740,000 in a retirement package last year.

She paid tribute to the staff at the CRC, who she described as amazing, and she said they were ashamed by the revelations.

Ms Nolan said: "You feel disgusted and saddened, but not just for yourself and your child, you feel it for the staff of the CRC. They are so amazing, they all work so hard.

"You can just feel that they are so ashamed themselves and hoping that they are not implicated or feeling that we're looking at them or judging them.

"If you ever go in the front door of the CRC everyone is so nice. It's just a second home from home."

She appealed to members of the public "not to pass the bucket on the street", saying people never know when they might need to use the service.

The news of the amount paid to Mr Kiely emerged as another former CRC chief executive, Brian Conlan, appeared at the Public Accounts Committee yesterday.

Mr Kiely was paid a €200,000 tax-free lump sum and a €273,336 taxable lump sum.

A further €268,689 was paid to ensure Mr Kiely's pension/lump sum benefits would not be less than if he had continued to remain on as chief executive until November 2016.


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Two-Sided Markets and Price Competition with Multi-homing
Jean J. Gabszewicz and Xavier Y. Wauthy†‡ April 19, 2004

Abstract We model duopoly competition between two platforms.They operate in a two-sided market where agents are heterogeneous on both sides of the market and are allowed to mulithome. Network eﬀects are captured within a vertical diﬀerentiation framework.Under single-homing thereexists an interior equilibrium where networks exhibit asymmetric sizes and both rms enjoy positive pro ts.When all agents are allowed to patronize the two platforms, we show that in equilibrium multi-homing takes place on one side of the market only. Moreover, the only equilibrium exhibiting positive pro ts for both platforms replicates the collusive outcome. Keywords : two-sided markets,networks, vertical diﬀerentiation JEL Classi cation :L13

This paper proposes a very simple framework to capture network externalities in two-sided markets, and their implications on price competition. In particular, it captures a key-feature of two-sided markets : the prices determine the equilibrium network sizes and, thus, the quality of the services oﬀered by the platforms.Moreover, it allows for a simple treatment of multihoming behaviour. We model duopoly competition between two platforms which operate in a two-sided market with heterogeneous agents on both sides. Buyers and sellers interact through the platforms, with network eﬀects operating from one market to the other, and vice-versa. Buyers are attracted by platforms housing many sellers and, conversely, sellersare drawn to platforms housing many buyers. A signi cant number of real-life markets operates under these features. Consider, as speci c examples, shopping malls, media markets, credit cards. The larger the number of shoppers attracted in a shopping mall, the higher the willingness of a retailer to locate in that shopping mall. Conversely, the larger the number of shops located in the shoppingmall, the higher the willingness of shoppers to pay a visit to it. Similarly, in exhibition centers, the larger the number of visitors, the larger the number of exhibitors who want to participate. In the same manner,the larger the number of exhibitors in an exhibition center, the larger the number of visitors. Another example is provided by the outgrowth of newspapers distributed for free to
CORECEREC et CORE ‡ We are grateful to Paul Belle amme and Jean Tirole for very stimulating comments on the paper. We remain solely responsible for remaining errors.

rst draft of this

readers, like Metro and 20 Minutes in France. These newspapers can be viewed as platforms on which readers and advertisers interact. The larger the readership of such a newspaper, the higher the willingnessto pay of an advertiser for inserting a commercial in it. Conversely, when readers bene t from a positive externality nding commercials in these newspapers, the larger the number of ads in a newspaper, the higher their willingness to read it. Consider now the platforms consisting of two companies issuing credit cards, and selling them to buyers and sellers as means of payment. Clearly the largerthe number of merchants accepting a particular credit card,the larger the willingness of a buyer for holding that credit card. Conversely, the larger the number of potential buyers holding that credit card, the larger the willingness of a merchant to subscribe to its issuer. All the above examples share two speci c features. First, they all display multihoming competition. Indeed, there is apriori no reason why a buyer or a seller should choose to interact through a single platform only, at the exclusion of the other. In the rst example above, in which two shopping malls compete for attracting buyers or visitors, there is no reason why one should a priori exclude a particular shopper to visit both shopping malls, and a particular retailer to settle a shop in both malls. Similarly, in...
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Sonnet 73

Essay by laneles May 2005

download word file, 1 pages 5.0

The sonnet by William Shakespeare is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter, comprising four sections: three quatrains, followed by a rhyming couplet. Each line has 10 syllables. It employs the traditional English sonnet rhyme-scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, thus we categorized it as a Shakespearean sonnet.

Quatrain one reflects the lonely feeling of the protagonist. Yellow leaves in line 2 refer to the leaves in autumn that are being blown away by the wind as winter approaches. The pauses in the line create the image of the remaining leaves being blown off the trees, perhaps to accentuate the feeling of loneliness. Usage of 'bare ruined choirs' reflect the feeling of being abandoned as the churches were at that time.

In the second quatrain, "twilight of such days' referring to the glory days of the protagonist which no longer exist as the 'sunset fadeth in the west'. The glory was rapidly taken away, as black night took away the twilight.

'Death's second self' in line 8 could be imagery for the coffin as it seals up (sealing of coffin) all in rest (rest in peace).

Quatrain 3 mentioned the 'glowing of such fire' which presumably refers to the love and passion of the protagonist which was depleted once his life ends. The protagonist was probably 'eaten up' emotionally by the very love that he once thrived on.

As in the rhyming couplet, it is all those mentioned previously that strengthened the love. "leave' in the last line could be a pun of live, meaning to love that well, one must live long.

The turn came at the rhyming couplet, when the sonnet talks about love. The previous 3 quatrains are illustrating scenes of sorrow, death and created a negative feeling. However, it was at the couplet that...


Follow Me on Instagram

Social media presence is no longer an afterthought for companies and organizations. All brands from every industry have a presence across numerous social media platforms, and are actively interacting with their customers. So why is the healthcare industry behind the curve?

The biggest barrier to breakthrough into social media for healthcare companies seems to be patient privacy, aka HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). Keeping patient information confidential proves to be difficult on social media platforms everyone can use. Additionally, the FDA requires fair balance in any post a company makes, meaning stating benefits with potential risks. This past summer, Kim Kardashian promoted a drug called Diclegis, used to treat morning sickness during pregnancy, on her Instagram account, and only stated the benefits of the product. The FDA immediately issued the drug company a warning by the FDA, and required it to take down the post, but not before nearly 46 million followers saw it.1

How are drug companies supposed to interact with their audience with such limited options and strict HIPAA regulations? The trick is education. Social media can be a great way to spread awareness about public health issues. Unique campaigns such as the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge went viral for this reason; 440 million people alone viewed thesevideos on Facebook.2 Because the Ice Bucket Challenge was an unbranded campaign determined to raise awareness of a disease, and not a promotion for a product, the organization avoided FDA regulations. Limiting self-promotion and focusing on ways to help your audience certainly takes away some of the barriers discussed earlier. Giving your audience key content can drive a brand home. Video tutorials on how to take a drug, product demos for medical devices, and infographics highlighting wellness tips are just a small sample of the endless possibilities to create meaningful content. Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, etc, can all be an endless hub of constantly updated information a consumer can use to become more aware of their condition, leading to a healthier life.

Though social media is not the definitive answer to improved patient engagement, it can easily become a major component in communicating with target audiences. Like most technology, social media is perpetually evolving, and should now be a required marketing tool for healthcare.

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  1. Thomas M. Burton, The Wall Street Journal; “FDA Sends Warning Letter After Kim Kardashian Touts Morning-Sickness Drug”, viewed 2/3/2016; http://www.wsj.com/articles/fda-sends-warning-letter-after-kim-kardashian-touts-morning-sickness-drug-1439401985
  2. Ngan Ton, Mavrck; “The Social Media Statistics That Fueled The Biggest Topics of 2014”, viewed 2/3/2016; http://www.mavrck.co/social-media-statistics-that-fueled-the-biggest-topics-of-2014/
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Top Picks From CES 2016

Author Pic CES

Ogilvy CommonHealth’s Ashley Evens (left) and Nelson Figueiredo (right)

Ogilvy CommonHealth’s Ashley Evens, senior engagement strategist and Nelson Figueiredo, VP, director of technology, applied their experience as a healthcare communicators to identify the most impactful technologies from their year’s CES.

Each year, technologists, strategists, start-ups, major manufacturers, and consumers gravitate to Las Vegas for CES. This is becoming the premier event to showcase new consumer electronics, technology, and products. With the growth of healthcare as a key technology topic, CES is also an important venue for healthcare brands and influencers.

Ogilvy CommonHealth’s Ashley Evens and Nelson Figueiredo spent several days on the floor at CES and have curated the following list of products and technologies to watch:

CaptureProof: like HIPAA-secure Snapchat…only better

CaptureProof is a new HIPAA-secure platform for sharing media and data between patients and providers. CaptureProof allows doctors to monitor patient progress and symptoms, triage via media, consult colleagues, and link to wearable devices and EHRs.

It’s recently been used in pilots for remote physical therapy (reducing in-person appointments by 75% and resulting in an overall cost savings of $7,500 per patient) and its diagnostic capabilities are currently being studied by the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit at MAYO Neurology.

Currently an invite is necessary to set up an account. However, we’re in discussion about the various ways brands and agencies can utilize the platform and looking forward to developing partnership opportunities with them.

Holograms still have show-stopping power

With the exception of Shaq walking the showroom floor, preordering robots, when it comes to show-stopping power, hologram technology still reigns supreme.

The Kin-mo booth caused the steadiest stream of pandemonium and buzz at the event, literally, stopping hordes of people in their tracks and compelling them to ask questions and snap pictures and video.

Here at Ogilvy CommonHealth we’re exploring the practical application of Holograms in medical education and are working on making the technology less cost-prohibitive for use in the field.

Holograms from CES2016

Meet flic, the wireless smart button that could revolutionize the way patients communicate with providers

Flic is a small wireless button that you can stick anywhere. It can be programmed to send data and commands to apps on Android or iOS devices.

Swedish developers, Shortcut Labs, designed flic with simplicity, accessibility and safety in mind. It’s currently being used to streamline everyday tasks like controlling your connected home, selecting entertainment and ordering food and taxis.

But the ease of use makes it an intriguing solution for things like symptom reporting and tracking between patient and provider, treatment adherence, atmospheric or environmental controls, and accessibility for patients with limited mobility.

VR was king at CES and controller tech is on the rise

This year the Virtual Reality headset manufacturers exhibiting at CES were too numerous to count and VR environments demoing experiences in space, tech, automotive, entertainment, health and fitness were among the most engaging booth draws on the showroom floor.

While everyone seems to agree that VR is going to revolutionize medical education, it’s recent advances in VR controllers and the impact that they might have on rehabilitation and treatment methods that we found most inspiring at CES this year.

Two groups in particular, 3DRudder and Rink, are leading innovation in foot and hand controls, respectively, and are excited to explore applications for their devices in the healthcare space. Each offer the opportunity to gamify the treatment process in new and exciting ways and extend mobility exercises into the VR realm.

Sensum, the marketing industry’s new emotions experts

Turning emotions into data, measuring advertising’s effect on the subconscious, tracking the cognitive unconscious, things that used to be qualitative can now be quantitative thanks to Belfast-based Sensum.

They’re already working with some of the biggest media companies and agencies in the world to measure the effectiveness of messages, customer engagement, and usability.

Whether it’s a live event, or a product that needs to be tested for implicit response, new packaging, or a video message, Sensum has the platform and technology you need to capture the real-time emotional response from your audience.

They’re also the creators of the EmoCam.

CES is proving to be a venue for innovators and entrepreneurs to showcase their solutions for healthcare. As the empowered patient and modern physician begin to leverage new technology for better outcomes, there is an increasingly more important role for connected medicine, wearables, and mobile technology to help us live healthier lives.

Please allow 24 hours for response.

Also posted in advertising, Augmented Reality, behavior change, Brand Awareness, Branding, Consumer Electronics Show, Creativity, Culture, Design, Global Marketing, Great Ideas, Healthcare Communications, Patient Communications, Physician Communications, Technology, Wearable Health Technology | Comments closed

Viewpoints @ CES: Joe Youssef

CES LogoVegas baby! It’s the home to Elvis impersonators, endless entertainment, and, come each January, the largest consumer electronics show in the US. The Consumer Electronics Show (CES) is a global technology tradeshow showcasing the latest innovations set to impact our businesses and our lives. Since 1967, CES has been bringing together the most innovative minds across the technology, healthcare, automotive, and robotics sectors, as well as many other industries. Attendees are inundated with a vast amount of futuristic electronics and ideas unveiled each year at the event. And year upon year, this event has become an increasingly hot topic around our agency. Those fortunate enough to attend come away with the feeling they’ve found themselves a golden ticket to the innovative kingdom that is CES.

To get at the heart of what attendees are experiencing during the event, we sat down with Joe Youssef, engagement strategist at Ogilvy CommonHealth and a veteran of CES. Take a look at his firsthand account of how the event has changed and grown in recent years.

How has the CES evolved over the past couple of years?

CES used to be an annual tradeshow focused on consumer electronics only. The show has expanded its footprint into all areas of technology: healthcare, gaming, automotive, etc. There is something for everyone in every sector.

How does CES compare to other industry events (tech, health, etc.)?

CES isn’t comparable to the majority of industry events due to its diversity and size. SXSW is the only event that comes to mind as being comparable. CES brings a small city of people together, representing different industries, all looking for the latest and greatest tech, trends and business opportunities.

Between the breakout sessions (spanning the multitude of industries), the conference keynote speakers, and the huge the showroom floor exhibiting the latest and greatest tech, it has something to interest everyone.

Taking out spaceships with our bare hands thanks to Rink, Samsung Creative Labs’ mobile virtual reality controls at CES 2016.

What themes at CES have shown the most promise over the past few years?

Wearables and 3D printing have definitely shown the most promise in recent years.

Wearables have become more intuitive, interoperable, and focused on providing meaningful outcomes for consumers. 3D printers are becoming cheaper, smaller and larger in size (depending on whether you are using for commercial or personal use), and have potential to disrupt many industries as innovative printing materials are developed.

What survival tips would you give to a first-time attendee at CES?

Don’t try to do everything during your time at CES. Planning is key to enjoying the show and all it has to offer. Pick the top 2 or 3 things you want to do or see each day. There is NO WAY one person can do and see everything CES has to offer. Be flexible. Most importantly, make sure you bring comfortable shoes with you!

With a focus on healthcare, what are some of the breakout products that have debuted at CES?

Wearables come to mind. The ability for health care professionals to monitor patients remotely and adjust treatment in real-time based on collected data is a real game changer. Improvements in genome sequencing and reduction in price are quite incredible. The availability of this data can really unlock the keys to curing and treating the ailments of our aging population.

What makes for a great speaking event at CES?

A great speaking event starts with a prepared speaker. Someone who knows how to read a room and deliver a speech relevant to their audience is key. It also helps if there isn’t an ulterior motive to sell your goods or services to the audience. It waters down the message and kills your credibility as a speaker. Focusing on delivering an experience that is enlightening and educational is what makes for the best speaking events.

For more information on CES and to see all the action from the ground in Las Vegas, follow OCHWW on Twitter, @OCHWW.

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Also posted in Apps, Augmented Reality, Consumer Electronics Show, Culture, Health & Wellness, Innovate, Social Media, Technology, Wearable Health Technology | Tagged , | Comments closed

Machines Learning Marketing

Self-driving cars, Facebook auto-tagging photos, Netflix recommendations, and targeted advertising—what do all of these have in common? These technologies have all undergone significant advancements in recent years due to an explosion of computing power and advancements in computer’s ability to learn, or “machine learning.”

While it sounds like a futuristic term, machine learning is the science of getting computers to act without being explicitly programmed. For example, let’s imagine a CRM program where data has been collected on customer’s interests, demographics, and engagement with previous campaigns. Based on previous interactions with customers, we can create predictions of how these customers will interact in future campaigns.

While the technology has existed for quite some time, significant advances in scale and computing power have allowed this technology to flourish. Companies including Amazon, Google, IBM, and Microsoft have all developed user-friendly machine-learning capabilities to complement their growing web service and cloud offerings. While some user interfaces are more intuitive than others, the goal is to allow users to upload data and allow the computer to extract valuable insights.

The marketing field is certainly taking notice. Marketers who have begun to use these technologies are asking questions such as, “What type of user will click on this ad?” or “How likely is this user to return to my site?” One popular use of the technology is to determine the probability that a user will respond to a direct mail or email. Based on previous information gathered and past user behavior, machine learning can identify who is most likely to engage in certain activities. Instead of blasting a direct mail out to 10,000 people blindly, we can really hone in on the users that we think are going to respond and customize a solution for them.

Another use is detection of click fraud in online advertising. Marketers certainly do not want to pay for 1,000 clicks when 980 of them are spam. While there can be numerous types of fraud, a computer can differentiate these types of spam and determine if a “real” person actually clicked on their ad. These technologies can realize significant savings for advertisers, and certainly distinguish advertising platforms and publishers.

Of course, there are still significant challenges to overcome. In the case of ad fraud detection, because click-through rates tend to be quite low, a significantly large amount of data is needed to accurately predict user action. Another issue is the growing complexity of these machine-learning models. As predictions tend to become more accurate, the complexity of how the computer arrives at an answer is increasingly unclear. Most recent machine learning algorithms have been labeled “black boxes,” as computers are performing millions of abstract calculations that are too vast for the user to analyze.

As machine learning solutions become user friendly and easy to implement, marketers should certainly start thinking of how they can apply machine learning to find new insights about their business.

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Also posted in Analytics, behavior change, Content Strategy, CRM, Customer Relationship Marketing, Data, Design, Digital Advertising, Healthcare Communications, Marketing, Social Media, Statistics, Strategy | Comments closed

Modernizing Healthcare Communications

Blog-Summit 160x160Remaining Relevant In an Age of Ubiquitous Information

Last month, Ogilvy CommonHealth Worldwide hosted our first marketing summit in collaboration with eConsultancy. This conference was initiated to bring healthcare leaders, marketers, and innovators together to discuss the changes that need to be made to build more effective patient communications. The summit showcased a massive well of talent, enthusiasm, and vision our industry has already in its ranks and a vision to deliver relevant healthcare information to patients and caregivers.

The Shackles of Our Own Making

Several years ago, healthcare marketing was years behind in its adoption of technology. Where many packaged goods brands had already adopted mobile, social, and eCommerce solutions, healthcare and pharmaceutical brands were still working with self-addressed postage solutions and print-your-own coupons for patients. Today, we are moving at a much faster pace, but there is still room for improvement.

Healthcare and pharmaceutical leaders are no longer trying “me-too” solutions to compete with consumer brands. We are now writing our own rules. Many brands are leveraging both the healthcare start-up culture and our “veteran” status to build strong partnerships for companies new to the space. We are also taking on the burden of regulation with a new vigor — by educating our teams and developing thought leadership around managing communities. We are also playing to our strengths and authority in disease categories and research. We are innovating in this landscape in spite of the burden of being “regulated brands.”

Digital is not separate

Digital is not a separate marketing platform. People don’t generally view experiences with their smartphone, TV, magazine, or desktop computer as unique “experiences” or “channels they engage.” They do see themselves as intelligently choosing the optimal channel to achieve a goal or move back and forth between mediums. This is normal, healthy, and a clear sign that these mediums and their users have matured. Its unfortunate that many clients and agencies compartmentalize their strategies and plans. Regardless of age, our patients are going to begin to question and express frustration as to why different channels have their own messaging, tone, and offers (in the case of coupons or reimbursement).

This is a pain point for the agency as well. If we are unable to unify our messagingand present a fully informed, multi-channel brand experience, we not be prepared to engage the next wave of the “digitally native” patient. We will also miss the opportunity to align the multi-generational conversation that will be more and more common as the digitally-centric children evolve into caregiver roles for the exploding baby boomer population. Our role as healthcare communicators is to unify channels and bring a channels agnostic message to our audience.

What is changing that model

There is a bright future ahead: Stimulus from the start-up community, a new type of self-educated patient, and a trend towards wellness in our culture are all fueling a new kind of healthcare marketing. This new perspective is focused on content and delivering a value that is rooted in supporting the patient with what pharmaceutical and healthcare brands can provide best — information about their products, the efficact of those products, and guidance to help patients manage their therapy through pharmaceuticals.

It may seem trite, but content is truly king. For brands looking to reach patients, content, when executed properly, is channel agnostic, portable, and scalable to every stakeholder in the chain of care. It is also something that can unify the phases of a patient journey and support a segmentation model for improved ROI of paid media

To not be lost amongst the WebMD’s, Dr. Oz’s, and patient influencers of the world, brand leadership needs to develop a vision for their brands. Specifically, a content strategy that will result in an “ownable” space that is the brand’s own and provides a strong foothold for patient interaction and discovery. From this place, brands can carve out a meaningful role in the patient’s journey that builds trust and provides a valued source of information about the product, disease state, and broader meaning to wellness in the patient’s life.

Changing the healthcare marketing model

The presenters at the Ogilvy CommonHealth Marketing Summit represent leadership from every facet of our industry. Each of them, from the perspectives of technology, content, company they work for, or patient service, all echoed the same refrain: The healthcare industry is at a pivot-point. Patients have access to a near infinite amount of information of varying degrees of utility. Our physician population is under new types of pressure to care for patients while managing group policies, provider requirements, mounting financial pressures, and patients equipped with massive amounts of their own data. Let these challenges be a call to action for marketers and content creators: Our focus needs to be building communications that are relevant to each phase of a physician’s journey and creating content based on the authority we have as drug manufacturers or brand management experts.

See more insights and opinions from the Ogilvy CommonHealth Marketing Summit at https://tagboard.com/OCHWWSUMMIT/245462?.

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Also posted in Branding, Content Strategy, Creativity, Data, Digital Advertising, Health & Wellness, Healthcare Communications, Pharmaceutical, Social Media, Strategy | Tagged | Comments closed

The Battle for the Inbox: Giving Your Email Campaign a Fighting Chance

Inbox_OverflowI don’t know about you, but my inbox is a war zone. I’m fighting a losing battle daily.

It is under constant barrage from companies, organizations, and campaigns that at one point I trusted enough to exchange my email address for a ride through their marketing funnel. However, for some of these companies, that trust was quickly eroded once I became bombarded by an endless barrage of uninteresting updates, overly aggressive offers, and endless e-begging for change. By the way, if anyone needs a coupon for Bed, Bath & Beyond, let me know. I can make it rain coupons.

But seriously, as a marketer, I understand and appreciate the ease in which email allows my brand message to be crafted, targeted, and scheduled exactly how I want and to whomever I want for only pennies a send. It’s magical. However, marketers also have to understand that our job is far from over once we hit send. Our email is now just one drop in a tidal wave of emails, making it look less like the carefully crafted brand message chocked full of utility that we intended it to be, and more like a groaning zombie in a mob of other groaning zombies with one single-minded purpose, to eat your brains. And by brains, I mean your attention.

Earlier this year, a study released by the National Center for Biotechnology Information noted that the average human attention span dropped from 12 seconds in the year 2000 to 8 seconds in 2015, which as the study noted, is 1 second shorter than that of a goldfish. No shock there. Humans have a lot going on. We have emails to delete, zombies to kill, etc. What do goldfish have going on? Exactly.

As marketers, we know that we have a fraction of a second to pique our audience’s interest before our email’s fate is determined with a single swipe (no pressure). With so many messages competing for those 8 seconds of attention, your email is going to need a little help.

To give our email campaign a fighting chance at relevancy, we need to ensure we’re effectively communicating our brand’s value to our audience. We must first ensure that we’ve employed a sound segmentation methodology that groups targets by quantifiable value metrics. Depending on campaign objectives and visibility into the audience data, we may determine that value is measured by the audience’s likeliness to respond, say from previous responses, or their projected business impact.

We also want to ensure that we’re measuring success with metrics that actually matter. Oh sure, we might glance over our post-campaign email report to see some double-digit open rate and some non-zero click-through rate and conclude that we just did marketing. But why stop there? Email open and click-through rates alone only provide clues, not insights. In addition, these metrics can be misleading, as they are often over- or under-reported due to different email settings. For example, aggressive spam filters may activate links within an email prior to it reaching an inbox to determine if the links contain malicious content, which is usually reported as an email open.

So instead of just scratching the surface, why not look to understand how well your campaign did at driving the desired on-site responses that it intended? By designating a hierarchy of desired on-site actions and tracking our campaign to those actions, we can begin to see a much clearer picture. From here we should be able to make some strong assumptions about why actions were taken or not taken on our site and prioritize areas of focus in order to get better results in future iterations. Did our message properly communicate utility? Was there enough of a value tradeoff for our audience to take a desired action? Was the right message targeting the right people?

Now we’re getting somewhere. We now know that we sent this message to these people and this percent performed at least one of our desired actions on the site. Knowing things is cool. But as we are reminded by the great philosopher, GI Joe, this is only half the battle. Although I can’t recall GI Joe ever actually revealing what the other half of the battle was, I think it’s safe to assume that the other half of the battle is “doing.”

So what actions can we take to bring our performance to the next level? Based on what we know about how our segmented email audience responded to our recent email, we can begin to formulate and test some additional hypotheses using A/B split testing. One thing to note here is that we must ensure that we have a cohesive testing framework in place where our tests are driven by our hypotheses about our audience segments and those tests must prove or disprove those hypotheses.

After the conclusion of our tests, we should have answered some of our burning questions about our audience, which we will then use as insights we can apply in other areas of the campaign in future communications. Insights such as: people may not want to be e-stalked with daily branded emails. Who knew?

At the end of the day, we’re seeking to change behavior by providing value to our audience in the quality and relevance of our communications. Force-feeding our brand’s message will likely end with a quick swipe to the Deleted folder, or worse, on the unsubscribe list. Your campaign deserves better than that.

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Also posted in Analytics, Branding, Content Strategy, Data, Digital Advertising, Strategy, Technology | Tagged | Comments closed

Social media: does it affect our mental health?

Social media does it affect our mental health 195x130Can you remember the days before DM, hashtags and emojis? When we had to call our friends on their landlines to arrange when and where to meet, hoping they would arrive at the right time and right place?

It’s hard to believe that 10 years ago Facebook had only just been founded and Twitter hadn’t even launched, and yet social media is now an established phenomenon that most of us can’t imagine living without.

The wonder of social media has benefited modern society greatly and revolutionised the way we communicate. On the surface, these platforms may seem harmless but in reality, some research has found that they may actually be detrimental to our mental wellbeing. On the flip side, social media can provide people living with mental health problems a platform to communicate freely and connect with others who can provide support.

So should we be limiting our use of social media for a better quality of life, or is it actually providing some with a much-needed outlet? We hosted a panel discussion at Social Media Week in London, where experts shared their insights on this very topic.

An interesting theme that was raised during the discussion was personal identity and the effect that social media has on how people regard their place in the world and define themselves. Dr Linda Papadopoulos, a psychologist, revealed that nowadays it’s not just the people we know who help to shape our identity—having an online profile means that validation can come from complete strangers with no real vested interest in us. This constant feeling of being assessed by others can have a negative effect on our mental health and make us want to always make a good impression, even to those who don’t know us.

Another thought-provoking point that was highlighted, by the panellist and blogger Mark Brown, was that having immediate access to carefully crafted selfies means that we are the first generation to know exactly what we look like and how we come across to strangers at all times. More and more we are presenting ourselves as near to perfect as possible, but the truth is that we don’t always know what’s going on behind a filtered online persona. Stories that we see in the media about suicide that link to the use of social media highlight that a self-curated online identity can so easily conceal the saddening reality.

While there were discussions around the negative effects that social media can have on our lives, Chris Cox, Communications Director at Mind, emphasised how social media forums, such as Elefriends, provide platforms for people to communicate freely about their condition. They also give people an opportunity to connect with others who can relate to them or who can provide comfort and counsel.

So is social media a good or bad thing for mental health? Because social media is such a new and emerging area, it’s difficult to say at this point, but what is clear is that, used in the right way, it can be a valuable resource that exposes us to information and people who we would have never been able to access before. As our panel concluded, social media is neither good nor bad; it’s a tool to amplify the voice of the people.

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Also posted in behavior change, content marketing, Content Strategy, Creativity, Culture, Design, Digital Advertising, Health & Wellness, Healthcare Communications, Media, Mental Health, Social Media, Strategy | Comments closed

I’m excited about the new Facebook Search!

Facebook Search

Visit http://search.fb.com/ to hear all about it from the proverbial horse’s mouth.

This article was originally posted on Ivan Ruiz Graphic & Web Design.

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Also posted in advertising, Analytics, Branding, Content Strategy, Creativity, Data, Design, Digital Advertising, Health & Wellness, Healthcare Communications, Media, Media Placement, Physician Communications, Social Media, Strategy, Technology | Comments closed

Pitch Perfect?

-Vince Lombardi

Well, it’s football season, so what better way to start things off than with a coach who understood the roots of winning.

While football season is only with us when the air cools and the kids put on their backpacks to return to school, pitch season is always upon us.

For those of us who are pitch junkies, it is an amazing blend of S&M-brink-of-pleasure-and-pain that makes the experience so fulfilling. There is a magnificent energy that, if harvested correctly, can have your team humming along towards a victory at the finish line.

Recently, I was part of a winning team that came together perfectly, so I thought it would be interesting to showcase what went right and provide a few guideposts to follow on your next pitch adventure.

1. Don’t Check Your Ego at the Door

We always hear that to work as a team, you need to tone the ego down a bit. I’m not so sure this is true. Keeping your ego in place can elevate the work and push others on your team to do the same. Challenging each other while still respecting team members can make all the horrible ideas fall by the wayside. Remember, ego doesn’t mean you’re always right. It just means you are confident in yourself. If everyone’s feeling the confidence and not being threatened by it, victory shall be had.

2. Account People Are Creative

Creative doesn’t just mean fancy words and amazing visuals. In our industry, it calls for a deep understanding of what the client is looking to do with their product: Do they want to create a new category or separate it from their competitors? What impact can they make and what space do they want to play in? This is creative thinking, so if you see it this way, if you make the Account lead’s brain part of this process, your creative will be elevated with a strong reasoning behind it. Remember, our Account friends don’t live to fill in boxes of spreadsheets. They’re here to be part of the fun. Let them play!

3. Digital Is Not Separate From Creative

We have a strong tendency on pitches to not bring Digital in until the last minute. At this point, they are usually asked to produce a few “tactics” to help elevate the overall big idea. This is like constructing a building and then asking someone to come in and give their advice on how to decorate the lobby. They won’t have a vested interest in the finished product. Digital folks are up on the latest technology trends, so there their tactics greatly help to push the creative to a higher level. If they understand the science and are part of the medical download, their chops will be even more valuable. Bring them in early.

4. Your Medical Director Should Be Along for the Whole Ride

The science leads on your project are not just people clicking through PowerPoint slides, explaining disease-state information. Understand that they are an integral part of this industry because they bring what they’ve learned in the lab to the people. We, the pitch team, are their first point of contact, so embrace their information. Ask questions. Probe. It will come through to the client. Medical Directors have tremendous minds to explore, so if you make them your partner instead of just your teacher, you’ll find the relationship to be a boost to all. When it comes to pitch time, they are going to be the ones answering the client’s most challenging questions, so it’s best they feel like they have contributed to all aspects of what’s being presented.

5. Your Creative Team Is Always Listening

This is where all of the science, strategy and direction comes together as an idea. Good creative is the combination of thoughts into a beautiful idea that has a life of its own. While embracing an idea is important, it’s essential that the ownership of the idea go to the pitch, not the creative team. Beautiful creative is an offering to the greater good of the team. It’s a manifestation of everyone’s hard work. To perform at a heightened level, the creative team needs to have all the possible information available to them. Invite them to meetings and let them hear your internal debates. You never know where a creative idea is going to come from.

There you have it. The quote at the top by Lombardi is the overarching theme that can guide your pitch. There is that intangible bond that all pitch team members feel with each other that comes through to the client. Remember, they want to have confidence in the team that will be carrying out their vision for their products.

Nothing is more potent than the fuel of love. And perhaps a drink or two along the way to help get you across the goal line.

Please allow 24 hours for response.

Also posted in advertising, agency life, Brand Awareness, Branding, Clients, Creativity, Culture, Design, Great Ideas, Health & Wellness, Healthcare Communications, Innovate, leadership, Marketing, pitching, Planning, Presentations, Strategy | Comments closed

Analytics, With a Side of Bacon

Bacon BlogKnowledge is power. We’ve all heard it. Maybe we’ve heard it too much, to the point where the message, the value and…well, the power of that statement is not truly appreciated, especially in the data-rich world we live in today.

While variations of the expression above have been around for thousands of years, the core message is most often attributed to Francis Bacon, an English philosopher born in the 16th century.1 Bacon’s use of the phrase was actually in an essay on religion; however, the saying has since been adopted as a motivational and inspirational catchphrase for parents, teachers, and, of course, business professionals. Specific to our cause, we will address marketing professionals.

In today’s marketing environment, knowledge—and the subsequent power that’s derived from it—are rooted in analytics and data-driven decision-making. You might say the message has evolved to:

data=knowledge,  knowledge=power, DATA=POWER

Successful decision-makers and key influencers—strategists, account leads, media planners, CMOs, CADs (Chief Acronym DuJour)—embody the spirit of that data-to-power relationship. These stakeholders work hand in hand with analytics folks and embrace the culture of utilizing the vast amount of data that’s available today toward making smarter marketing decisions. We need to constantly evaluate key business questions using supporting data to shape those decisions—questions such as:

  • What does my audience look like? (target size, buying habits, demographic)
  • Where is my audience? (channel preference, geo-targeting)
  • How much of my audience can I expect to convert? (predictive analysis)
  • What content is resonating with my audience? (path flow, engagement analysis, social shares)
  • What is the relevant message for my audience? (media performance analysis
  • & optimization)
    When are the best times to communicate with my audience? (dayparting implementation & analysis)
  • Why is Bacon so awesome? (no analysis required; some things we just accept)

So we’re back to the bacon? Sort of, but before we get to the food product, let’s jump back to Francis and his statement. Knowledge is definitely power, and data can drive that knowledge. Analytics should be the fuel constantly feeding the marketing engine.

Yes, you can make the case that Mr. Bacon’s expression has been overcooked (and who likes their bacon overcooked?). You can also make the case that data analysis can be overcooked as well. Let’s be honest, either too much data analysis or too much bacon can produce undesirable intestinal reactions. But with the right amount at the right time? It’s a home run.

To take it a step further, you can go to Denny’s and order pancakes, hash browns and eggs—but to truly make it a Grand Slam, you need the bacon! Just ask your friendly analytics server; they’ll set you up.

Please allow 24 hours for response.

1. David Simpson, DePaul University; “Francis Bacon (1561-1626)”, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy – A Peer Reviewed Academic Resource [n.d]; viewed 8/28/2015; http://www.iep.utm.edu/bacon/

Also posted in advertising, Analytics, Branding, content marketing, Content Strategy, Culture, Data, Design, Healthcare Communications, Statistics, Strategy | Comments closed


Penpals for my Peruvian pupils

    I'm looking for penpals for my pupils.
    I'm French and I teach English in the Franco-Peruvian
    school of Lima. My pupils are bilingual Spanish/French
    and I want them to practice their English.
    We start our school year at the end of February and I'd
    prefer having a school with the same school year so we
    can correspond all year long.
    I'll have about 60 11/12-year-olds, 60 12/13-year-olds,
    20 14/15-year-olds, 20 15/16-year-olds ans 3 17/18-year-
    Let me know if you are interested and on't hesitate to
    ask questions.


Is Technological Innovation Making Society More Unequal?

, ,

  • 2016•12•21

    Wim Naudé and Paula Nagler

    Society has perhaps never been more unequal than at present, in terms of the distribution of income and wealth. Within-country income inequality (as measured by the Gini coefficient) is, according to the UN Development Programme, “more unequal today than at any point since World War II”.

    These inequalities, and the resulting societal divisions, were one cause of the 2008 global financial crisis — and were, in turn, amplified by it. The economies of the West, the epicenter of the crisis, remain stagnant a decade after the crisis. The political rise of Donald Trump in the United States and the Brexit vote in the United Kingdom — not to mention the rise of nationalism across Europe and the political failures and tensions in Brazil, South Africa, and Russia — can all be argued to be outcomes of, or related to, these inequalities.

    Much has been written about the causes and consequences of high and rising income and wealth inequalities. Two years before the outbreak of the financial crisis, back in 2006, a UNU-WIDER study on the global distribution of private household wealth found that “the richest 10% of adults in the world own 85% of global household wealth; the bottom half collectively owns barely 1%”.

    Are robots to be blamed?

    Why is inequality rising? The main narratives connect higher within-country inequality to institutional and governance weaknesses, especially in the US and Europe. These have allowed policy and regulatory capture by an entrepreneurial elite, resulting in a greater share of GDP accruing to the owners of capital.

    In recent years, though, technological innovation has been receiving increased attention as another possible cause. In particular, information and communication technology (ICT) advances — such as in robotics, automated processes, machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), “big data”, and artificial intelligence — are being blamed for making workers (primarily those with mid-level skills in medium-wage jobs) redundant.

    It has been argued that the world is at the start of a “New Industrial Revolution” (e.g., by Peter Marsh in his book The New Industrial Revolution). However, whereas the First Industrial Revolution created thousands of jobs in manufacturing, the new Industrial Revolution (see also “Industry 4.0” or the WEF’s “Fourth Industrial Revolution”) may see humans largely replaced by robots. A much quoted example is of Rethink Robotics who has produced a robot named Baxter, which it claims can replace all humans in routine manufacturing tasks, such as “material handling, line loading and unloading, product inspection, light assembly, sorting, and packaging”.

    Robots are becoming “smarter” over time. Many new models have the ability to learn, and advances in artificial intelligence will only accelerate the value of these robots. As a result, robots are increasingly preferred over humans, especially for routine, difficult/dangerous, or menial types of jobs Indeed, robots are better at work that are “dull, dangerous and dirty”. The “hourly wage” of a robot such as Baxter has been reported to be around US$4.32 per hour, less than the average hourly wage of US$23.32 paid to humans in US manufacturing. Robots already perform about 80% of the world’s automobile manufacturing.

    With autonomous (self-driving) cars likely to be a regular feature on roads within the next decade, the huge transport industry, including taxi and truck companies, will need fewer human drivers. Transport services giant Uber, for example, has ordered 100,000 autonomous cars from Mercedes-Benz.

    Many other industries will be affected, too — at least in terms of the types of tasks performed in a particular occupation. Some jobs, especially those involving routine tasks, are more susceptible to being made redundant by machines. As for the overall impact on employment, Frey and Osborne estimated (in 2013) that 47% of current jobs in the US are likely to be replaced by computers over the next twenty years.

    This trend is not confined only to advanced economies like the US, but also is affecting emerging economies. Frey et al (2016) estimate that up to 66% of all jobs in developing countries are at risk. And developing countries are not only passive players in the New Industrial Revolution; they are increasingly taking part in the production of robotics. The International Federation of Robotics estimates that there will be more robots in China than in the US or Europe by 2017. India is approaching the top ten in markets for sales of robotics. Indeed, according to Sirkin, “the countries moving ahead most aggressively – installing more robots than would be expected given their productivity-adjusted labor costs – are emerging markets”.

    Four decades of ICT

    The question is: To what extent have technological innovations been responsible for the historic rise in income and wealth inequality — especially since the 1970s, when the current upward trend started?

    Numerous authors have noted that the 1970s coincided with the start of the ICT revolution. In 1974, a pizza was ordered for the first time through a computer. By 1989, the World Wide Web was launched. The ICT revolution introduced technologies that complemented the labour of high-skilled workers. Those who were able to use it experienced a productivity and wage increase relative to less-skilled workers, which set off a self-reinforcing cycle: more ICT raised the productivity of skilled workers, creating a higher demand for skilled labour, resulting in more investments in education and, thus, a growing supply of skilled workers.

    The wider availability of skilled workers, in turn, created an incentive for further innovation in ICT, and so on. Where the supply of skills could not keep up with the demand, highly skilled workers commanded a “skills premium” — and wage inequality increased. In economic parlance, technology is not neutral, but “skill-biased”.

    Since the 1970s, the ICT revolution has also led to proportionally more medium-skilled jobs being replaced or automated by computers. This caused “job polarisation”, wherein the demand for high- and low-skilled workers increased, while the demand for medium-skilled workers decreased, resulting in a wage gap.

    What has been the effect of technological innovation?

    Empirical evidence leads credence to both the skills premium and job polarisation concepts. However, the magnitude of these effects has presumably not been large. Various bits of inconsistent empirical evidence suggest that other factors, including globalisation and the “off-shoring” of jobs, changes in the labour market, and the decline of social welfare institutions in the West, have had an even more significant impact.

    First, most of the rise in income inequality has actually occurred at the top 0.1% of the income distribution. In the US, the income share of the top 0.1% of income earners grew by an impressive 324% between 1979 and 2006. This is reflected in the fact that CEO wages rose from a ratio of 20:1 in 1965 to 352:1 in 2007, compared to the average worker compensation in the US.

    Second, in many countries in the West, a large number of highly skilled workers have been experiencing “declining returns to education, less employment security, and shorter job tenure” over the past ten years, and particularly after the global financial crisis. Income inequality, however, has continued to increase — suggesting that it is not an excess demand for highly skilled workers that is underpinning rising inequality.

    Third, in countries where the adoption of industrial robots is most advanced, such as Japan and Germany, inequality is much lower than in many other less-automated societies.

    Finally, in the case of advanced economies, such as the European Union, it remains unclear why average labour productivity has been declining since the 1970s if technological innovation has been so rapid as claimed. In actual fact, investments in ICT have been declining in the recent past in various countries of the Eurozone.

    Weak governance, weak entrepreneurship

    The conclusion from these considerations is that while technological innovation may have contributed to rising inequality, its actual contribution has probably been dwarfed by the institutional-governance weaknesses. The rise in the income share of the top 0.1% of income earners has been fueled by reductions in social security, an unravelling of the power and rights of the labour union movement and collective bargaining, and regulatory capture by the rich. This has resulted in reductions in taxation and transfer payments, and in lower regulations on globalisation and the activities of multinational enterprises.

    Instead of blaming technology, there is actually the possibility that technological innovations can lead to more job and income opportunities, and to more equal societal outcomes. New technologies have the potential to improve economic and social policymaking and result in new business opportunities.

    This, in turn, can result in new markets and new business models, including business models that promote the circular economy, address health needs, and allow older people and persons with disabilities to lead longer and more productive lives. This, however, will require more and better entrepreneurship than ever — which may be a tall order, as entrepreneurship itself is in crisis in many countries and regions.

     – – – – –

    This article draws on a background paper for the UNIDO Industrial Development Report 2016. For the complete paper, see “Industrialisation, Innovation, Inclusion”, UNIDO Working Paper No. 15/2015, Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization.


시간 제한 메모리 제한 제출 정답 맞은 사람 정답 비율
2 초 128 MB 17 11 11 64.706%

I am learning magic tricks to impress my girlfriend Alice. My latest trick is a probabilistic one, i.e. it does work in most cases, but not in every case. To perform the trick, I first shuffle a set of many playing cards and put them all in one line with faces up on the table. Then Alice secretly selects one of the first ten cards (i.e. she chooses x0, a secret number between 1 and 10 inclusive) and skips cards repeatedly as follows: after having selected a card at position xi with a number c(xi) on its face, she will select the card at position xi+1 = xi + c(xi). Jack (J), Queen (Q), and King (K) count as 10, Ace (A) counts as 11. You may assume that there are at least ten cards on the table.

Alice stops this procedure as soon as there is no card at position xi + c(xi). I then perform the same procedure from a randomly selected starting position that may be different from the position selected by Alice. It turns out that often, I end up at the same position. Alice is very impressed by this trick.

However, I am more interested in the underlying math. Given my randomly selected starting position and the card faces of every selected card (including my final one), can you compute the probability that Alice chose a starting position ending up on the same final card? You may assume that her starting position is randomly chosen with uniform probability (between 1 and 10 inclusive). I forgot to note the cards that I skipped, so these cards are unknown. You may assume that the card face of every single of the unknown cards is independent of the other card faces and random with uniform probability out of the possible card faces (i.e. 2-10, J, Q, K, and A).

Figure 1 – Illustration of first sample input: my starting position is 2, so I start selecting that card. Then I keep skipping cards depending on the card’s face. This process iterates until there are not enough cards to skip (in this sample: Q). The final Q card is followed by 0 to 9 unknown cards, since Q counts as 10.

For each test case:

  • A line containing two integers n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100) and m (1 ≤ m ≤ 10) where n is the number of selected cards and m is the 1-based position of my first selected card.
  • A line with n tokens that specify the n selected card faces (in order, including the final card). Each card face is given either as an integer x (2 ≤ x ≤ 10) or as a single character (J, Q, K, or A as specified above).

For each test case, print one line containing the probability that Alice chooses a starting position that leads to the same final card. Your output should have an absolute error of at most 10-7.

예제 입력

5 2
2 3 5 3 Q
1 1
1 2
1 10
6 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
7 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 10
10 J K

예제 출력