Dolls Tips

Dolls Tips has been rated 3.1 out of 5 based on 212 ratings and 1 user reviews.
How should I care for my vinyl dolls?

Vinyl Dolls

Vinyl Dolls will display better in non-fluorescent lighting. Extreme temperatures and direct sunlight can discolor or melt your vinyl treasures.

To make ink stains or marks disappear, try Remove-Zit or a few applications of clearasil.

Any special precautions when repairing dolls?

If you are repairing a vintage/antique doll, be aware that setting, combing or changing the original hair on a vinyl doll lowers it's value.

How should I store celluloid dolls?

Celluloid Dolls

What is the best method to clean composition dolls?

Composition Dolls

Never use water on composition dolls, it's like acid on skin. Try cleaning with Pond's Cold Cream or Vaseline with a soft tissue or Q-tip.

How should I care for wooden dolls?

Wooden Dolls

Wooden Dolls must be kept dry. Too much moisture can rot the wood. Painted faces or designs will fade or chip and fasteners such as rubber bands will rot and break.

Guru Spotlight
Lynda Moultry


Start-up SplitCar welcomed to TOP Light spot

Split Car Top-regeling Kennispark

Sharing a car using SplitCar is easy and reliable.

The Twente-based start-up SplitCar has been awarded a TOP Light spot by Kennispark Twente and will receive a loan of 10,000 euros to market the service. SplitCar is an online platform where the public can share their cars with neighbours, friends or family.

The Netherlands has already seen many initiatives in the field of Peer2Peer car sharing. But that did not stop the young entrepreneurs from the Twente region, Thomas van Eenbergen and Gijs Muller, in setting up a new car-share platform. The idea is to save car costs through the more efficient use of a car in a circle of acquaintances.

In 2018 there should be 100,000 share-cars driving around
A coincidental advantage is that car sharing is good for the environment. However, car sharing and the share economy are still in their infancy. The government encourages car sharing through Green Deal Car-sharing by aiming for 100,000 shared cars to be on the roads in the Netherlands by 2018. But there is still a long way to go; only 14,352 private cars were shared in 2015. SplitCar wants to make a major contribution to achieving that Green Deal Car-sharing goal.

Lowering the threshold
Thomas van Eenbergen: “Current car-share platforms focus on the occasional renting of a car. SplitCar focuses on sharing a car for the long term. A large group of people already share their car with acquaintances, but the cost division and insurance are often not so well organised. With SplitCar it will be easy and accessible to share a car on an equal footing with a fixed community, such as your neighbours, friends or family. In addition, SplitCar is also developing an appropriate insurance solution”.

The pair is currently still in the process of developing the online platform. They expect the service to come online in the summer, but you can already register your interest on the website. The TOP Light spot with the interest-free loan of 10,000 euros will be used to research at a local level what moves people to share their car.

TOP Light
TOP Light is primarily intended for aspiring entrepreneurs with an idea that is not yet fully developed. The scheme consists of an interest-free loan to a maximum of 10,000 euros, support workshops, sessions with fellow starters to discuss challenges and problems, coaching and mentoring, and membership of the Technologiekring Twente. The scheme is financially supported by Regio Twente and carried out in collaboration with the University of Twente and Kennispark Twente.

Unlike other schemes, no fully developed business plan is required: the outline of an idea is sufficient to present your idea to the selection committee. This committee then determines whether the idea and team have potential and whether the loan scheme will be granted. TOP Light offers a first step towards the TOP programme for started/starting entrepreneurs with a detailed business plan and the Proof of Concept programme.


Misting systems and supplies priced for the average Joe

Misting System E-course now available!

This E-course covers everything! (There are currently 58 topics and more info is added as I write this!)
The price will just have to be increased soon! This thing has turned into an information monster!

Here are just a few of the topics covered:

1) What is a misting system
2) 10 reasons you should own a misting system
3) Why a misting system is important when rooting softwood cuttings
4) Types of propagation beds
5) Rooting media
6) Do you have enough water for your system?
7) Can you use softened water for misting?
a) 11 reasons NOT to use softened water
8) Can you use rainbarrels to provide the water?
9) What parts are needed for a misting system?
a) Tools required
b) Misting timers
i) Mechanical
(1) Wiring the timers
ii) Electronic
(1) Electric timer
(2) Battery timers
c) Solenoid valves

Get more information about the Misting System E-course.
Copyright © 2011 Haskell Enterprises LLC


Britney Scale Surgery, 2008, Single-channel video installation, 04:14, Dimensions variable

A larger-than-life size bathroom scale (6' x 6' and 8' tall) on a furry, pink bath mat serves as the context for the scale surgery video. The scale becomes the patient and undergoes surgery to reverse the importance placed on weight and self-perception. The ordinary bathroom scale, which causes anxiety about insecurities in our appearance, becomes the victim of absurd scrutiny in my alternate universe. The surgical procedure is simultaneously conducted to Britney Spears’ music video performance, as she is constantly scrutinized by the media for her debacles concerning her weight and appearance in the alternate Hollywood universe.


Functional Relationship Network Architecture Computer Science Essay

Published: Last Edited:

A computer network, is referred to as a network, it is aÂ harvestÂ of computers andÂ instrumentsÂ interconnected viaÂ communication channels that enables communications among users andÂ permitsÂ users toÂ allocated resources. Networks may be classified according to a wideÂ rangeÂ of characteristics. A computer network permitsÂ sharing of resources andÂ knowledgeÂ among interconnected devices.

Fig1:Block diagram of computer network

Connection method

Computer networks can be classified according to the hardware and software engineering that is accustomed to interconnect the individual devices in the network, such as optical fiber, Ethernet, wireless LAN.

Functional relationship (network architecture)

Computer networks may be classified according to the functional relationships which exist among the elements of the network, e.g., active networking, client-server and peer-to-peer architecture.

Network topology

Computer networks may be classified according to the network topology upon which the network isÂ grounded,Â such as bus network, star network, ring network,Â meshÂ network. Network topology is the coordinationÂ byÂ whichÂ toolsÂ in the network areÂ organizedÂ in theirÂ rationalÂ family membersÂ to one another, independent of physical arrangement. EvenÂ if networked computers are physically placed in a linear arrangement and areÂ joinedÂ combinedÂ to a hub, the network has a star topology,Â alternativelyÂ a bus topology. In this regard the visual and operationalÂ aspectsÂ of a network are distinct. Networks may be classifiedÂ groundedÂ on theÂ processÂ ofÂ knowledgeÂ adaptedÂ toÂ carryÂ the data; these include digital and analog networks.

Fig2. Mesh topology

Fig3. Star Topology

Fig4. Ring topology

What is a firewall?

Fig5. firewall

A firewall is a component of a computer system or network that is arranged to avoid unauthorized access where letting agent communications. It is a implement or set of tools that is configured to sanction or turn down network transmissions grounded upon a set of administers and other criteria.

Firewalls can be implemented in either hardware or software, or a combination of two. Firewalls are commonly adapted to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks joined combined to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or withdrawing the intranet surpass through the firewall, which inspects each outcome and prevents those that do not find the specified protection criteria.

There are several types of firewall techniques:

Packet filter: Packet filtering checks each packet that is passing through the network and accepts or refuses it based on particular IP addresses that is user defined. Although difficult to configure, it is effective and mostly transparent to its users. It is vulnerable toÂ Internet Protocol spoofing.

Fig6. Packet filters

This type of packet filtering pays no heed to if a packet is part of an older stream of traffic (i.e. it stores no information on connection "state"). Instead, it filters each packet based only on information containedÂ in the packet itselfÂ .

TCP and UDP protocols consists most communication over the net, and because TCP and UDP traffic by convention usesÂ well known portsÂ for some types of traffic, a "stateless" packet filter can differentiate between, and hence control, those types of traffic (such as web browsing, remote printing, email transmission, file transfer), untill the machines on each side of the packet filter are both using the same non-standard ports.

Packet filtering firewalls work mainly on the initial three layers of the OSI reference model, which means most of the work is done in between the network and physical layers, with a little bit of peeking into the transport layer to find out source and destination port numbers. When a packet originates from the sender and filters through a firewall, the device finds matches to any of the packet filtering rules that are configured in the firewall and removes or rejects the packet accordingly. When the packet goes through the firewall, it checks the packet on a protocol/port number basis (GSS).

Application gateway: Applies security mechanisms to some applications, such asÂ FTPÂ server. This is effective, but can degrade the performance

Fig7.OSI reference model

The benefit ofÂ application layer filteringÂ is that it can "understand" applications and protocols and it can also detect if an unwanted protocol is sneaking through on aÂ non-standard portÂ or if a protocol is being used in any harmful way.

An application firewall more secure and reliable as compared to packet filter firewalls as it works on all 7 layers of theÂ OSI reference model, from the application to the physical layer. This is similar to a packet filter firewall but here it also filters information on the basis of content.

In 2009/2010 the focus of the best comprehensive firewall security vendors turned to expanding the list of applications such firewalls are aware of now covering hundreds and in some cases thousands of applications which can be identified automatically. Many of these applications can not only be blocked or allowed but copied by the more advanced firewall products to allow only certain functionally enabling network security administrations to give users functionality without enabling unnecessary vulnerabilities. As a consequence these advanced versions of the "Second Generation" firewalls are being referred to as "Next Generation" and bypass the "Third Generation" firewall. It is expected that due to malicious communications this trend will have to continue to enable organizations to be truly secure.

Third generation: "stateful" filters

Fig8. Stateful filter

Third-generation firewalls, in addition to what first- and second-generation look for, regard placement of each packet within the packet series. This technology is generally referred to as a stateful packet inspectionÂ as it maintains records of all connections going through the firewall and is able to determine whether a packet is the start of a new connection, a part of an existing connection, or is anÂ invalid packet. Though there is still a set of defined rules in such a firewall, the state of a connection can itself be one of the criteria which trigger specific rules.

This type of firewall can actually be exploited by certainÂ Denial-of-service attacksÂ which can fill the connections with illegitimate connections.

Circuit-level gateway: Applies security mechanisms when aÂ TCPÂ orÂ UDPÂ connection is established. Once the connection has been done, packets can go between the hosts without checking further.

Stateful filters

Fig8. Stateful filter

This type of firewall can actually be abused by someÂ Denial-of-service attacksÂ which can fill the connection tables with false connections.

Proxy servers

Checks all messages entering and leaving the network. The proxy server hides the right network addresses.

Fig9.Proxy server

InÂ computer networks, aÂ proxy serverÂ is aÂ server that acts as an intermediary for requests fromÂ clientsÂ seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, asking for some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource, available from a different server. The proxy server processes the request according to its filtering rules. For example, it may filter traffic byÂ IP address. If the request is passed by the filter, the proxy provides the resource by connecting to the relevant server and requesting the service on behalf of the client. A proxy server may alter the client's request or the server's response, and sometimes it may pass the request without contacting the specified server. In this case, it 'caches' responses from the remote server, and sends back subsequent requests for the same content directly.

Types of proxy

Forward proxies

Fig10.Forward proxies

Forward proxies are proxies where the client server names the target server to connect to. Forward proxies are able to get from a wide range of sources.

The terms "forward proxy" and "forwarding proxy" are a general description of behavior (forwarding traffic) and hence ambiguous. Except for Reverse proxy, the types of proxies described on this article are more specialized sub-types of the general forward proxy concepts.

Open proxies

Fig11.Open proxies

An open proxy is a forward proxy server that is accessible by any Internet user.Â Gordon Lyon estimates there are "hundreds of thousands" of open proxies on the Internet.Â AnÂ anonymous open proxyÂ allows users to conceal theirÂ IP address while browsing the Web or using other Internet services.

Reverse proxies

Fig12.Reverse proxies

There are several reasons for installing reverse proxy servers:

Encryption / SSL acceleration: when secure web sites are created, the SSL encryption is often not done by the web server itself, but by a reverse proxy that is equipped with SSL acceleration hardware. SeeÂ Secure Sockets Layer. Furthermore, a host can provide a single "SSL proxy" to provide SSL encryption for an arbitrary number of hosts; removing the need for a separate SSL Server Certificate for each host, with the downside that all hosts behind the SSL proxy have to share a common DNS name or IP address for SSL connections. This problem can partly be overcome by using theÂ SubjectAltNameÂ feature ofÂ X.509Â certificates.

AÂ virtual private networkÂ (VPN) is aÂ computer networkÂ that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure such as theÂ InternetÂ to provide remote offices or individual users with secure access to their organization's network. It aims to avoid an expensive system of owned or leased lines that can be used by only one organization.

ItÂ encapsulatesÂ data transfersÂ between two or moreÂ networked devicesÂ which are not on the sameÂ private networkÂ so as to keep the transferred data private from other devices on one or more interveningÂ localÂ orÂ wide area networks. There are many different classifications, implementations, and uses for VPNs.

Fig13 VPN

Unauthorized access:

This simply means that people who shouldn't use your computer services are able to connect and use them. For example, people outside your company might try to connect to your company accounting machine or to your network file server. There are various ways to avoid this attack by carefully specifying who can gain access through these services. You can prevent network access to all except the intended users.

Exploitation of known weaknesses:

Denial of service: Denial of service attacks cause the service or program to cease functioning or prevent others from making use of the service or program. These may be performed at the network layer by sending carefully crafted and malicious datagram's that cause network connections to fail. They may also be performed at the application layer, where carefully crafted application commands are given to a program that cause it to become extremely busy or stop functioning. Preventing suspicious network traffic from reaching your hosts and preventing suspicious program commands and requests are the best ways of minimizing the risk of a denial of service attack. It's useful to know the details of the attack method, so you should educate yourself about each new attack as it gets publicized.

Spoofing: This type of attack causes a host or application to mimic the actions of another. Typically the attacker pretends to be an innocent host by following IP addresses in network packets. For example, a well-documented exploit of the BSD rlogin service can use this method to mimic a TCP connection from another host by guessing TCP sequence numbers. To protect against this type of attack, verify the authenticity of datagram's and commands. Prevent datagram routing with invalid source addresses. Introduce unpredictability into connection control mechanisms, such as TCP sequence numbers and the allocation of dynamic port addresses.

Here are a few examples of firewalls :-

These firewalls can be affected by the above vulnerabilities.

One way how a firewall/web filter can be bypassed is by using VPN.

As studied above we can VPN to some external network and use that network.

So we can bypass the firewall by doing VPN to a remote network and using its default gateway.

Below are the precise steps how to setup a VPN server, Client, AD and LB configurations.

Complete VPN Configuration

Below is the complete procedure on how to setup VPN server and client side

Note:- Windows XP and Windows 7 both have the capability to act as VPN servers

VPN Server Configuration

Open Network connections and follow the belowÂ :-

Click next on the welcome page

Select the options highlighted in the below snagsÂ :-

Once you have followed the steps above you are done with the server side configuration.

VPN Client Configuration

Below snags show the client side configuration

Once the above steps are followed the client side is also setup

The work is still not over

Port Forward

Port needs to be forwarded from the modem/LB etc

Follow the instructions below to get it rollingÂ :-

Dial in Rights on AD

The final step is to give the user permissions to VPN

First RDP to the AD

Open Active Directory

Find the user and go in properties

Follow the snag it once the above is doneÂ :-

The best firewall:-

According to the first hand experience we found Untangle to be the best firewall as it is free and has a host of functions too.

Below is a screenshot of the untangle dashboard:-

Fig14. Untangle dashboard

Our aim was to explain what a firewall is and expose a few vulnerabilities in it. We have studied how a firewall works, it's architecture, types of firewalls and vulnerabilities. We have thus compared the firewalls on various parameters and have concluded that Untangle is the best firewall with reference to the features and cost of it.


South of France Travelogues

Côte d'Azur: Nice, Carnival de Nice is about to open!!

From the middle of February, "Carnival de Nice" will be held.
In this festival, a lot of participants come from across the globe.
I participated it last year, it's really very enjoyable because we can see many large floats and dance together.

The floats are different every year.
These photos were taken in 2014.

Côte d'Azur: Fireworks in Cannes

In summer (July and August), many fireworks are take place around Nice.
Especially in Cannes, fireworks are organized every week.
You can see beautiful fireworks on the sea.

Provence: Gordes, paysage and streetscape

The Gordes is a commune in Provence region, and is located near Avignon.
(38 km far from Avignon station)
Buildings in the Gordes are standing on the hill.

The area near the Gordes has evidences of their occupation especially the Roman road passing through Apt and Carpentras and crossing the Valley.
In the World War II, a lot of building were destroyed once, however, the village is reconstructed now.

After reconstruction, the Gordes attracts artists like Marc Chagall or Jean Deyrolle.

Before entering the Gordes, you can see the beautiful paysage such as above.
This composition is very famous.

Côte d'Azur: Antibes, marché provençal

"Marché" is taken place in all of the France, and other countries in Europe as well.
Each marché sells the products specific to its region.
This entry introduce you the "marché provençal in Antibes".

The Antibes locates between Nice and Cannes.
This town has beautiful beaches, ports, museums and so on.
In addition to those, the marché is very famous.
You can buy the provençal products in the marché.

How to take SNCF(national train of France)

I will show you how to take the SNCF (national train of France) or TGV.

First, you have to buy a ticket.
You can buy it at a wicket or vending machine.

Côte d'Azur: Nice, Carnival de Nice

The following photos are taken in "Carnival de Nice (Nice carnical)".
(The official site is here.)

Nice carnival is held annually in February, at promenade des Anglais.
The period is about 2 or 3 weeks,
and the events are taken place 3 or 4 times in a week.

Côte d'Azur: Nice, Promenade des Anglais

Promenade des Anglais was constructed by rich English man.

One day, Englishmen proposed to make this coast useful,
for example, for enjoying the panorama along the coast.

Côte d'Azur: Nice, Place Masséna

The place Masséna is the main square of Nice.
The location of this square is between the modern town and the old town.
So we can access any sightseeing spots easily.
(e.g. promenade des Anglais, old town and so on)

From Nice station, the tramway is laid to here.
You should start a sightseeing in Nice from here
because it's easy to understand any locations if you recognize here as a landmark.

The photo of place Masséna.
You can see it's a beautiful place.
Water is filled on the surface, so it's like a mirror.

Provence: Saint-Tropez, Port

Saint-Tropez is one of the Procençal town, and famous for its beautiful port.

This town was a military stronghold until the beginning of 20th century,
and the first town on the French Riviera to be liberated in World War II.

Now, this town became the international known city
because this city has many beautiful sites (seaside, port, streetscape, etc).
Many artists and celebrities love this town.

In the port of Saint-Tropez, a lot of boats and ship stay.
And there are many restaurants along the port.

Côte d'Azur: Saint paul de vence, steetscape

Saint-Paul-de-Vence(Saint-Paul) is one of the typical, oldest medieval town on the French Riviera.
You can feel an medieval atmosphere if you walk in this town.

A lot of artists loves Saint-Paul.

Old buildings and architectures remain in good condition.
In addition to that, the nature and climate of southern France decorate them.

There are many buildings surrounded by greenery.
The building in this photo is leather bag shop.


Parent Node(s):

(l) A process of continuous change from a lower, simpler, or worse, to a higher, more complex, or better state; a process of change in some direction. (Webster's) (2) The coming into being of a new and higher order process. (Laszlo) (3) The development of each species from different, usually simpler ancestral forms. The more similar are two species, the closer in time are they likely to be to a common ancestor. (Arbib) (4) history of change in the realization of an invariant organization embodied in independent unities sequentially generated through reproductive steps, in which the particular structural realization of each unity arises as a modification of the preceding one (or ones) which, thus, constitutes both its sequential and historical antecedent. (Maturana and Varela, 1979)
The theory concerned with how existing varieties of species of organisms, plants and animals, have come about through a progressive diversification of ancestral forms interacting with their respective environments. The theory pits essentially two processes against each other: First, variety in the inherited endowment of a species is generated by the combination of genetic material through the mating of parent organisms and by essentially random mutation of a gene, or in the structure of chromosomes. Second, variety in the organisms that come into being as the result of suitable genetic endowments is reduced by natural selection, i.e. by elimination of those organisms that are either unable to develop, unfit or ill equipped to live in their environment. What survives the alternating pressures of these two processes is that genetic material which has proven not to be disadvantageous. For biology, evolution is a theory of communication of GENETIC INFORMATION in the presence of noise and through a selective channel provided by the grown organisms with selection criteria stemming primarily from organism-environment interactions. For cybernetics, evolution is the process in which variety is alternatingly generated and destroyed so that which survives is not being effected by either.
To clarify three common misunderstandings: Evolution is an essentially stochastic process, not a deterministic one. It applies to the interaction between species or organisms and their environments, not to particular organisms. Evolution lets survive all those organisms that do not develop or exhibit disadvantageous properties. It does not favor the fittest. Evolution is an opportunistic process, neither progressive nor guided by any particular goal. A "survival instinct" postulated by many biologists and ingrained in popular culture does not exist. (Krippendorff)
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FDN 2400, Critical Perspectives on Learning and Teaching

Most eadings are provided as PDF's on the course website. Readings not available under the fair use portion of copyright law will be provided behind a firewall. You will be directed to your ASULearn course website for these.

Additional Required Readings:

Selected additional articles will be provided for class. Please consults the class schedule (i.e. the course syllabus) everyday for any additional downloads or required readings.

Course Requirements:

1. Reading: Read each assigned reading or web page before the date it is scheduled for class discussion.

2. Class participation and attendance:
The success of the class depends on each student attending all classes, all the time, and on time. It also depends on you completing the readings before class so you are able to use them as background for our seminar-style discussions. These discussions will occur at least weekly.

3. Quizzes:
There will be in-depth quizzes on all your readings and on course lectures. The quizzes are carefully designed to measure your comprehension of the readings, discussions, and crucial course content. The quizzes will be available online at ASU Learn. The dates each quiz opens and closes will be posted on this website on your course syllabus.

On ASULearn you will log in and select FDN 2400 and your section number.

1. Content Quizzes: 60 percent. Each quiz is 20 percent of your grade. Because of the way each quiz is structured and how short this term is, if you don't take the quiz during the window in which it is open on ASULearn there will be no way to make up the quiz.

2. Inquiry Project: This will be assigned shortly, to be worked on throughout the semester. The Inquiry Project is 20% of your grade and is graded according to the rubric provided with the assignment on your syllabus.

3. Class participation: 20 percent. This will appear as a grade in the gradebook. Though the actual percentage of time missed per class is closer to 4%, 3 percentage points will be deducted for each class missed.

4. Quiz and class grading scale: 91-100% A, 80-91% B, 70-80% C, 60-70% D; 60% and below results in an E.

5. Final course grading: 93 - 100% A, 90 - 92.9% A-, 88 - 89.9% B+, 82 - 87.9% B, 80 - 81.9% B-, 74 - 79.9% C, 70 - 73.9% C-, 70% or lower is a D.

6. Pass/Fail grading: Pass is 100% (100 points), Fail is 0% (0 points). This section may be deleted.

2400: | 2400 course description | 2400 requirements | 2400 syllabus | about Dr. Turner l
gayleturner.net links: | democracy links | gayleturner.net home | contact gayle | web site hosting |

©copyright 2003-2017 gayle m. turner

FDN 2400 Syllabus
FDN 2400 Course Requirements


Cauliflower Reduces Risk Of Cancer- Listen Up, Smokers

By: Bianca Bartz - Mar 22, 2007
References: whfoods
Eating cauliflower can reduce your risk of lung cancer by nearly 70%!

The level of air pollution in Singapore is extremely high, putting strain on the detoxification abilities of the lungs. A recent study among Chinese women in the city found that non-smokers who regularly ate cruciferous vegetables (cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc.) had a 30% less chance of developing lung cancer; smokers who consumed a similar diet had a 69% reduced risk of lung cancer.

Cauliflower is among the healthiest foods you can consume and possibly one of the cheapest preventatives of cancer. Not only is it delicious and easy to prepare, but it is very low in calories. In just one cup of boiled cauliflower, you will find 91.5% of your daily recommended vitamin C needs and only 28 calories.

Getting your daily serving of vegetables is essential to good health; everyone knows that. However, studies have proven that those who consume high amounts of cruciferous vegetables like cauliflower face much smaller risks of developing prostate, colorectal and lung cancers.

Some people enjoy eating these vegetables raw, but many will advice against doing so because of a harmful fungus they may harbour. Remember not to cook them too long though. To avoid nutrient loss, steaming is ideal. Worried about offensive odours left in your kitchen after cooking? The longer these veggies cook, the worse they smell! Just one more reason only to give them a brief steam!


Thermistor Terminology

Terms and Concepts Used in Thermistors

To learn about thermistors, a familiarization with the terms frequently used to describe their uses and functions is essential. These are a few of the terms you’re likely to encounter when shopping for thermistors:

  • Temperature-wattage characteristic

    This characteristic refers to the relationship between the thermistor’s temperature and the stable state wattage at a specified ambient temperature.

  • Current-time characteristic

    At an indicated ambient temperature, this characteristic is the relationship between the thermistor going through a current and time when the voltage is introduced or interrupted.

  • Standard Reference Temperature

    Twenty five degrees Celsius (or 77 degrees Fahrenheit) is the thermistor’s temperature when the zero power resistance is nominal.

  • Thermal Time Constant

    When a thermistor changes 63.2% of the difference between its initial and final body temperature owing to a step function change in temperature under a zero-power situation, the thermal time constant is required.

  • Maximum Operating Temperature (or Maximum Power Rating)

    This is the thermistor’s maximum body temperature under which it will continue to operate during a prolonged period without compromising its stability characteristics. Internal or external heat or both could generate this temperature, but it should not go beyond the maximum value indicated.

  • Zero Power Resistance

    This refers to a thermistor’s resistance value (dc). It is measured under a specific temperature when the thermistor’s dissipation of power is sufficiently low. An additional decrease in power will be equal to not more than 0.1% in resistance change (or 1/10 of the tolerance, whichever is smaller).

  • NTC

    This acronym stands for “negative temperature coefficient.” This is a type of thermistor that exhibits a decrease in zero-power resistance when the thermistor’s temperature goes up.

  • PTC

    PTC means “positive temperature coefficient” and a PTC thermistor is the opposite of an NTC thermistor in that its zero-power resistance rises as its body temperature rises.

  • Stability

    Thermistors are usually subjected to a variety of testing conditions. When they are able to maintain certain characteristics or qualities after testing methods are applied, they are considered stable.

  • Maximum Steady State Current

    This term is used in the case of power thermistors. It is the continuous and stable state current through which the thermistor is capable of passing. The current could be DC or RMS AC. The maximum steady state current for some thermistors is assumed at a maximum operating ambient temperature of 65 degrees Celsius. It is possible to have a higher temperature than 65 degrees and in this case, thermistors can be designed “to spec.”

  • Dissipation Constant

    This is the ratio of the change in a thermistor’s power dissipation to the change in its body temperature under a specific ambient temperature. This ratio is usually expressed in milliwatts per Celsius degree.

  • Maximum Power Rating

    When a thermistor dissipates over a prolonged time, its maximum power rating is that in which its acceptable stability characteristics will NOT be affected.


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Numerous genetic variations have been found to be related to human diseases. Significant portion of those affect the drug response as well by changing the protein structure and function. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the trilateral relationship among genomic variations, diseases and drugs. We present the variations and drugs (VnD), a consolidated(More)
Global network modeling of distal regulatory interactions is essential in understanding the overall architecture of gene expression programs. Here, we developed a Bayesian probabilistic model and computational method for global causal network construction with breast cancer as a model. Whereas physical regulator binding was well supported by gene expression(More)
The determination of relatedness between individuals in a family is crucial in analysis of common complex diseases. We present a method to infer close inter-familial relationships based on SNP genotyping data and provide the relationship coefficient of kinship in Korean families. We obtained blood samples from 43 Korean individuals in two families. SNP data(More)
SUMMARY Deep sequencing of small RNAs has become a routine process in recent years, but no dedicated viewer is as yet available to explore the sequence features simultaneously along with secondary structure and gene expression of microRNA (miRNA). We present a highly interactive application that visualizes the sequence alignment, secondary structure and(More)


Tao Te Ching (Daodejing) (Intro) : 32 Nature Mystic Chapters :
gender-inclusive translations, citations from commentary, seal scripts :

01, 04, 06, 07, 08    09, 10, 11, 15, 21, 22, 23    26, 28, 29, 32, 35,
40, 43, 45, 47    48, 49, 51, 52, 56, 63, 67    70, 73, 77, 79.
Hymning the Tao Te Ching
(Literal 81 Chapter Chinese-English Study Version)
Hyperlinked Bibliography: Women Authors on the Tao Te Ching
The Woman Crookback  |  Picturing Tao (photo above: Earthen Dove)
Women's Prehistoric Jomon Pottery
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Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Stephen Mitchell (1988)

Every being in the universe
is an expression of the Tao.
It springs into existence,
unconscious, perfect, free, [*]
takes on a physical body,
lets circumstances complete it.
That is why every being
spontaneously honors the Tao.

The Tao gives birth to all beings,
nourishes them, maintains them,
cares for them, comforts them,
protects them,
takes them back to itself,
creating without possessing,
acting without expecting,
guiding without interfering. [**]
That is why love of the Tao
is in the very nature of things.

"Unlike Confucian embrace of the past
through the repetitive performance of traditional
acts, the Daodejing offers play and difference."
[**] HO-SHANG-KUNG [an ancient commentator] says:
"Tao induces everything to become perfect
according to its own nature."

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Red Pine (1996)

The Way begets them
Virtue keeps them
matter shapes them
usage completes them
thus do all things honor the Way
and glorify Virtue
the honor of the Way
the glory of Virtue
are not conferred
but always so
the Way begets and keeps them
cultivates and trains them
steadies and adjusts them
nurtures and protects them
but begets without possessing
acts without presuming
and cultivates without controlling [*]
this is called Dark Virtue.

[*] ELLEN M. CHEN says:
"When things follow tao and te, they follow the
freedom and spontaneity of their own natures,
'not by command, but by nature.'
Te is the specific inborn nature in each thing."

Chinese Character for Respect, Zun
Pictograph = Hand offering wine.
"All things respect Tao and value virtue."

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Kari Hohne (2009)

The way gives them life,
virtue raises them.
Things give them shape
and circumstances bring them to maturity.

Therefore all things respect Tao and value virtue.
They rely on Tao to develop virtue,
not because it is decreed.
They know that it is natural
that they should be cared for.

Thus the way gives them life,
virtue raises them.
Circumstances nourish them;
Tao protects them and brings them to maturity.

It gives them life
but does not possess them;
Benefits them without seeking gratitude.
Guides them, but does not rule over them.

This is called Mysterious Virtue.

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Ursula K. Le Guin (1998)

The Way bears them;
power nurtures them;
their own being shapes them;
their own energy completes them.
And not one of the ten thousand things
fails to hold the Way sacred
or to obey its power.

Their reverence for the Way
and obedience to its power
are unforced and always natural.
For the Way gives them life;
its power nourishes them,
mothers and feeds them,
completes and matures them,
looks after them, protects them.

To have without possessing,
do without claiming,
lead without controlling;
this is mysterious power. [*]

[*] ELLEN M. CHEN says:
"Tao and te are powerful not because they dominate
the beings they have produced and nurtured, but
because having produced and nurtured them,
they make no demands on them."

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Isabella Mears (1922)

Tao gives Life to all beings.
Te nourishes them.
It gives to each being its form,
It gives the inward urge towards perfectness.

That is why there is no living creature
      that does not reverence Tao
      and honor Te.

The veneration of Tao! The honor of Te!
No Master has decreed it,
But eternally it affirms the Self.

Therefore Tao gives Life to all beings,
It nourishes and makes them grow,
It rears them and perfects them,
It sustains, feeds, and protects them.

It gives them Life, but does not possess them.
It gives them activity, but does not depend on them.
It urges them to grow, but does not rule them.
This is called profound Te.

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Walter Gorn Old (1904)

Tao brings forth and Teh nourishes.

All things take up their several forms, and natural forces
bring them to perfection.

Therefore all things conspire to exalt Tao and to cherish virtue.
But this regard of Tao and Teh is not in deference to any mandate.

(1) tao (2) the same (3) honored
(4) virtue (te) (5) the same (6) esteemed
(7) those in authority (8) none (9) the same (10) can decree it
(11) but (12) commonly (13) each of itself (14) naturally so [*]

It is unconstrained, and therefore it endures forever.

For Tao produces all things, and Teh nourishes, increases, feeds,
matures, protects, and watches over them.

To produce without possessing; to work without expecting; to enlarge
without usurping; this is the absolute virtue!

[*] KARYN LAI [philosopher] says:
"In relational interaction, a regard for spontaneity by both parties allows for mutual
transformation and genuine engagement. In philosophical terms, ziran (自然) is an
ontological condition of individuals that requires the ethical response of non-coercion."

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by John Chalmers (1868)

Tao produces and Virtue nourishes;
everything takes form and
the forces bring to perfection.

Therefore everything agrees in honoring
Tao and exalting Virtue.

And this honoring of Tao and exalting of
Virtue is not the result of any
command, but is spontaneous forever.

For Tao produces, (Virtue) nourishes,
enlarges, feeds, completes, ripens,
cherishes and covers all things.

To produce and not possess —
to act and not expect —
to enlarge and not control —
this is called sublime Virtue.

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Chao-Hsiu Chen (2004)

The Tao creates.

The virtue nourishes.

The things form.

The environment shapes them to completion.

That is why the myriad creatures all respect
      the Tao, and value virtue.
When the Tao is respected, virtue is valued.
No one can command them but the Tao.

That is why the Tao creates myriad creatures.
Virtue nourishes them, cultivates them,
      educates them, completes them, ripens
      them, supports them, carries them.

The Tao creates them without possessing them,
      benefits them without profiting from them,
      guides them without commanding them.

That is what profound virtue means.

Daodejing / Tao Te Ching / Chapter Fifty-One in Seal Script
(Zhuanshu 篆文, with Wang Pi / Wang Bi Version)
Chinese Character for Depend, Shi
LEAN ON (恃 = Shi)
Pictograph = Heart with court / temple.
"To govern without leaning on."

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Richard Gotshalk (2007)

Way gives birth to them,
and through her power rears them;
shaping them through matter.
She brings them to completion through
her own vital energies. [*]

Because of this, the ten thousand things revere Way
and honor her power; as for this revering and honoring
of Way and her power, it is true, no one ever officially
commanded this, still it is ever so out of the very
selfhood of things.

Way gives birth to them,
raises and nurtures them,
completes and ripens them,
supports and covers them.
To give birth to yet lay no possessive claims upon,
to raise without exerting dominion over,
to govern without leaning on:
this is to be called her mysterious power.

"The beginning expresses, in a more complex and awkward way,
what is expressed in simple fashion at the beginning of core
Chapter 21, that the manifestations of her great
power follow from Way alone."

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Yi Wu (1989)

The Way brings them forth,
Virtue nurtures them,
Matter shapes them,
Environment forms them.

Therefore, all things without exception
venerate the Way and value virtue.

The Way's venerability and virtue's value
are that they do not command
but constantly are natural.

Therefore, the Way brings them forth,
Virtue nurtures them,
Grows them and rears them,
Matures them and ripens them,
Nourishes them and shelters them.

Producing without possessing,
Acting without taking credit,
Growing without controlling, —
This is called mystical virtue.

Tao Te Ching: Chapter 51
translated by Ralph Alan Dale (2006)

All in the universe
derive from the Primal Integrity.
The interaction of yin and yang
shapes and nourishes them,
and evolution ever transforms them
in their endless ecological dance.

Therefore, in its own way,
every entity celebrates its Primal Mother.
Not out of any mandate.
Not out of any obligation.
But solely as the expression
of its own integrity.

Chapters INDEX (TOP)
Photo (top) and graphic illustrations (from Chinese fonts): earlywomenmasters.net
The Feminine Tao is a nonprofit, educational website


Special Education/SDC

Are there laws in the IDEA Act that talk about combining certain grade levels with other grade levels in an SDC program?  For example.

Can you have a 4th grader in with 8th grade etc.

Special Needs Advocacy
Special Needs Advocacy

ABCs for Life Success
ABCs for Life Success
Hi Greg,  Thanks so much for reaching out to me regarding a situation that can be concerning:  special education students being grouped with multiple grades and multiple ages in the same class.

I find this is more common when a child is receiving a certificate (not receiving a diploma).  I looked up the SDC classroom you referenced in CA.  It looks like this is not a diploma program, so students are receiving a certificate and alternate assessments/alternate curriculum.

The reason this practice of grouping a wide range of students together is that the curriculum being delivered in these types of programs is functional.  Therefore, if a student is working on a life skill such as speaking or eating, a wide variety of children may have the same needs, althought they are different ages.

However, that alone does not make this an appopriate practice.  While the children of different ages may have some of the same academic needs, in my opinion, that alone is not a valid enough justification, if the ages are so wide such as your example of a 9 year old in the same classes with perhaps a 14 or 15 year old student.  There are developmental needs that should be considered, and the class placement should respect the age and developmental levels of all children.  If one older student is experiencing the same lesson as a younger child, the background, method of teaching, examples given for using the skill in the community , and other factors should be considered for multiple grade placement.

Many times, it's just easier for the school district to do such groupings.  It's important that this default is given individualized considerations.  I have had students who have had behavior and social difficulty just due to the inappropriate grouping practices in the special education classroom.  I mean, if the child did not have a disability, parents would likely not stand for this practice.

I am not aware of a law that dictates grouping practices.  However, grouping practices should be considered to be an "evidence based method", since there is plenty of research that shows how and when the multi-age grouping can be effective.  I would advise you to ask the district if they have any research to support the efficacy of the current grouping practices.

Also, the law clearly states that the child should make progress, attain IEP goals, and overall receive a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive setting.  I have seen troubling situations where an older child is being educated with younger children in both special education and general classrooms.  In these cases, I have successfully shown that the grouping did not allow a child to benefit from the special education and affected the child both academically and socially.  At other times, I have seen this practice successfully upheld by the district, even in the courts' decisions.  I have also been involved where attorneys argued that the district grouping practices were discriminatory in nature, since none of the general education students had to be grouped with such a wide range in one classroom.

This brings up other issues about how a teacher can deliver multiple curricula at one time.  It also raises the issue about whether a child is accessing the curriculum to the greatest extent possible.  I would also question, if that child is being included for any part of the day with non-disabled peers, how the practice supports a potential move to a less restrictive setting, as sometimes these groups slow a child's learning to the point where it is detrimental to include the child in school activities or classes.

Whether a child is recieving a FAPE is a legal question.  THerefore, you may want to reach out to an attorney to consult about your concern.  www.yourspecialeducationrights.com and www.copaa.org are two suggestions.  If you would like more, please email me abc4success@msn.com.

So to answer your question directly, no, I am not aware of IDEA based laws about grouping, specifically.  But grouping would relate to every part of the child's IEP and therefore, grouping issues may be relevant for the child's FAPE.  THis would mean that the accommodation or modification or services should be appropriate such that the child is benefitting, making significant progress, and accessing the curriculum.  Here is the language, which discusses the accommodations and modifications on the IEP:

Also, my Special Needs Advocacy Resource Book breaks down the IEP into its 10 parts, to help you fit into the IEP this issue about multi-age grouping.

I hope very much I have answered your question fully, and given you some ideas how to either make a determination or take action on the issue you wrote me about.  I wish you all the best as you continue to advocate for your exceptional child's education!

Special Education

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Cardonal is a Municipality of 18427 inhabitants, placed in the State of Hidalgo, with a fertility rate of 2.88 children per woman. 5.49% of the population migrated from outside the State of Hidalgo. 82.37% of the population is indigenous, 61.63% of the inhabitants speak one indigenous language, and 3.34% speak that indigenous language, but not Spanish.

79.45% of the inhabitants of Cardonal are Catholic, 40.42% are economically active and, within this active population, 83.22% are employed. Additionally, 82.69% of the dwellings have piped water and 0.81% have Internet access.

Do you want to know more statistical data of Cardonal? Please click on this link. Additionally, you can browse a beautiful map of Cardonal following the next link.

List of Towns in the Municipality of Cardonal:


If you have access to this article through your institution,
you can view this article in

DEPRES II (Depression Research in European Society II): a patient survey of the symptoms, disability and current management of depression in the community.

Tylee, A; Gastpar, M; Lépine, J -P; Mendlewicz, J
International Clinical Psychopharmacology:
Research Reports: PDF Only

The first pan-European survey of depression in the community (DEPRES I) demonstrated that 17% of the general population suffer from depression (major depression, minor depression, or depressive symptoms). This article describes findings from a second phase of DEPRES (DEPRES II), in which detailed interviews based on a semi-structured questionnaire (78 questions) were conducted with 1884 DEPRES I participants who had suffered from depression and who consulted a healthcare professional about their symptoms during the previous 6 months. The mean time from onset of depression was 45 months, and the most commonly experienced symptoms during the latest period were low mood (76%), tiredness (73%) and sleep problems (63%). During the previous 6 months, respondents had been unable to undertake normal activities because of their depression for a mean of 30 days, and a mean of 20 days of work had been lost to depression by those in paid employment. Approximately one-third of respondents (30%) had received an antidepressant during the latest period of depression. Significantly more respondents given a selective serotonin reputake inhibitor found that their treatment made them feel more like their normal self than those given a tricyclic antidepressant, and fewer reported treatment-related concentration lapses, weight problems, and heavy-headedness (all P<0.05). Approximately two-thirds of respondents (70%) had received no antidepressant therapy during the latest period of depression, and prescription of benzodiazepines alone, which are not effective against depression, was widespread (17%). There is a need for education of healthcare professionals to encourage appropriate treatment of depression. Wilkins

(C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.


2010 Results

The fourth running of SailBot was again hosted by Queen’s from June 7-10 and also served as the World Robotic Sailing Championships, the first time it was held outside Europe. With nine teams entered this created the largest fleet yet of robotic boats, but also caused a few issues as the rules for the SailBot and WRSC events were different and some teams did not prepare their boats for the amalgamated rules.

SailBot2010 057-small

The event was won by the ASV Roboboat from Austria with USNA finishing second and Queen’s third.


Thursday, October 2, 2008

5 Great Science Books to Expand Your Mind

One of the great discoveries of modern science was the realization of how interconnected the world is. The deterministic, Newtonian view of a clockwork Universe was replaced by the much more dynamic, uncertain and entangled world of Quantum Mechanics. The new world is the one where Godel forever cut hopes for completeness in mathematics and Turing showed that computation, like the future, is fundamentally unpredictable. Despite these unexpected setbacks, modern science is wonderful, powerful and thought provoking - and relevant to technologists.

The recently discovered science of complex systems is about common patterns that spawn diverse disciplines from physics to biology, from ecology to economics. This recent science of patterns is directly relevant to what we are doing around the Web. In this post we will discuss 5 different books that will get you fired up about modern science.

1. Godel, Escher, Bach, by Douglas Hofstadter

This Pulitzer Prize winning book is a mind-opening journey that spawns science, computation, zen, art, music and much much more. The book is most unusual in the way it tells its story. Some chapters are dialogs between Achilles and Tortoise. Other chapters are focused on Bach's fugues and the theorems of great German mathematician Kurt Gordel.

Throughout the book, Hofstadter discusses the work of M.C. Escher, a painter famous for his paradoxical paintings that question how the mind perceives space. In addition, the book features chapters about modern genetics, zen buddhism and neuroscience. All of these seemingly diverse topics come together to discuss recursive structures, the mind, artificial intelligence and computation.

2. Complexity by Mitchell Waldrop

Stephen Hawking once said: "I think the next century will be the century of complexity." Complexity science is one of the most important breakthroughs in recent history. Unlike the traditional specialized approach to science, complexity focuses on patterns and properties that exist across different branches.

Mitchell Waldrop's book introduces readers to complexity by telling a story about the people who brought it into the spotlight. Among the characters we meet are economists, physicists, biologists and computer scientists responsible for establishing the Institute of Complex Systems in Santa Fe New Mexico. Through their stories, Walldrop introduces the reader to the wonderful and profound world of complex systems.

3. At Home in the Universe, by Stuart Kauffman

Dr. Stuart Kauffman is one of the characters in the Walldrop's book. He is one of the most passionate, dedicated and original thinkers about Complex Systems. A few decades ago, while in medical school, he wanted to understand gene networks and came up with a model known as K-N nets. Fascinated with the ideas, he choose science instead of medicine and went on to work on complexity.

In this book he explores a range of fascinating topics - like gene networks, auto-catalytic sets, rugged landscapes. It ultimately leads to the question of the origin of life. In this challenging book, Kauffman postulates that life is not an accident, but an expected and even inevitable consequence of the laws of self-organization.

4. The User Illusion, by Tor Norretranders

During the twentieth century scientists made amazing discoveries about the brain. They also discovered just how little we know about the function of what is likely to be the most interesting and powerful object in the universe. Among the large number of books written on the subject, this book written by Danish journalist Tor Norretranders is a standout.

The books builds on physics, particularly thermodynamics, to explain the fascinating aspects of human consciousness. While the first few chapters are somewhat challenging, the crux of the book will give you a unique, eye-opening perspective on the interplay between the human brain and mind. Among the shocking things in the book is a notion that it takes a half a second for our consciousness to process an event. Knowing that, it is difficult to think about the world in the same way.

5. Programming the Universe, by Seth Lloyd

Quantum Information Theory is one of the hottest topics in science and Seth Lloyd is one of the hottest figures in the field. Famous for his bold predictions about the computational capacity of the universe, Dr. Lloyd belongs to the club that thinks that we live inside of a gigantic quantum computer. Sounds interesting? It is!

The book works the readers through the ideas of quantum information theory, explaining qbits, quantum superpositions and computation based on atoms. He argues that random fluctuations in the quantum foam produced higher-density areas, then matter, stars, galaxies and life. His conclusion is the same as Kauffman's - life is not an accident nor its divine. Rather, life is a consequence of the laws of computation and self-organization.

There are so many great science books on topics ranging from physics and biology to economics and social science. These books discuss patterns in the world around us. And many of the themes are very familiar to us, technologists. This is why it is important for us to keep up and know what is going on in the world of science. Besides being fascinating, it is increasingly applicable and useful.

And now, please share with us your favorite science books - the ones that made a big impact on you and helped expand your mind.

Source : ReadWriteWeb

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Demand Generation Manager

Aprati Foods (Cambodia) Ltd.

Phnom Penh

Entry Level

Full Time

Year of Exp.

Bachelor Degree

English-- Good

Phnom Penh;

Publish Date

Closing Date

  - The Demand Generation Manager is responsible for Aprati Foods’ marketing, selling and fulfillment efforts. The individual in this role is an active hands-on learner and problem solver. The Demand Generation Manager launches new brands and products, working in close association with the Knowledge Creation Department and Finished Goods Department. The Demand Generation Manager understands market needs and desires. That understanding is used to create Happy Consumer Experiences.
- The Demand Generation Manager supervises and coaches several associates.

The Demand Generation Manager is responsible for six major business outcomes:

1.Marketing and Sales Planning and Reporting provides short-term and long-term guidance.
- Collaborate with Knowledge Creation Team to better understand market.
- Provide information from retail back to the Knowledge Creation Team, so that they are working with a 360-degree set of information about the marketplace.
- Analyze sales and market data.
- Identify problems, understand root causes, generate insights and propose solutions.
- Create and present strategic marketing and sales plans, including brand plans.
- Provide demand forecasts to Finished Goods Team, so that they can order raw materials and schedule line time.
- Generate marketing and sales reports to summarize status and progress towards objectives.

2.Product Specifications, Packaging and Pricing encourages trial and repeat purchases.
- Determine pack types and pack sizes that will satisfy market needs and desires.
- Oversee packaging graphics development, providing art direction to designers.
- Recommend price adjustments.
- Establish and police profitable and competitive pricing parameters.
- Supervise the maintenance of up-to-date product specifications.
- Supervise the maintenance of up-to-date price list.

3.Trade Marketing and Selling Program incentivizes wholesalers and retailers to purchase and place Aprati Foods products.
- Develop solicitation materials and product catalog.
- Cultivate business relationships with wholesalers and retailers.
- Identify the most valuable points of distribution and gain distribution there.
- Create and execute placement and promotional programs.
- Manage the selling process.
- Monitor distribution levels, identify voids to be filled and fill them.
- Persuade wholesalers and retailers to position Aprati Foods products in prime locations.
- Manage and police product returns process.

4.Fulfillment ensures that product is delivered and available for shoppers to purchase wherever they wish.
- Guide Field Teams to work safely.
- Manage the submission of accurate orders from the field.
- Manage delivery of products to customers, achieving on-time delivery goals.
- Encourage product distribution from urban areas into the provinces.
- Allocate product to customers if and when necessary.

5.Shopper and Consumer Marketing Program increases
awareness, familiarity and consideration and persuades people to purchase and be loyal to Aprati Foods brands.
- Direct the development of compelling packaging.
- Oversee the creation and execution of promotional campaigns.
- Negotiate and purchase traditional and digital advertising.
- Manage Aprati Foods websites.
- Advance Aprati Foods image and its brands through public relations.
- Manage Aprati Foods social media efforts.
- Manage the consumer complaint process.

6.Short-term and Long-term Financial Objectives are realized by developing and supporting sustainable brands and products.
- Achieve company annual revenue goals.
- Achieve company annual EBIT and/or EBITDA goals.
- Work closely with the Cost Accounting function to understand cost drivers and margins.
- Optimize pricing to maximize profits.
- Discontinue underperforming brands or SKU’s and/or those with no long-term potential to realize company objectives.
- Collaborate with others on cost reduction initiatives while ensuring that market needs and desires continue to be met.
- Invest disproportionately in those brands and products with the most opportunity to achieve the company’s long-term financial goals.
- Push higher-profit products.

  •BA Degree.
•Minimum 5 year-experience in marketing and sales
•Prior experience in food manufacturing environment is a plus.

•Strong selling skills and desire to make long-term profitable sales.
•Strong analytical and mathematical skills.
•Experience marketing and/or selling food, beverage, cosmetic or pharmaceutical products in Cambodia.
•Familiarity with the Cambodian retail market and how large markets connect to smaller markets and street-side stalls.
•Fluent in Khmer Language; proficient in English language, both spoken and written.
•Honest, accurate and organized.
•Desire to learn and ability to adapt.
•Self-motivated and persistent.
•Able to motivate others.
•Familiarity with MS Windows software (i.e. Excel, Outlook).

•Experience leading a sales team.
•Familiar with selling and marketing products in a variety of ASEAN countries.
•Experience purchasing TV advertising in Cambodia.

*Contact Information:
Office Address: House No 53A, Street 430,
Sangkat Phsar Deurm Thkov, Khan Chamkamorn,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Email: [email protected]
Tel: 076 7787007 / 088 7878465

Contact Person

MAO Chantha (Mr.)

076 7787007 / 088 7878465

[email protected]

House No 53A, Street 430, Sangkat Phsar Deurm Thkov, Khan Chamkamorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia


The issue is not new. Scientific journals require articles to produce quantitative answers - of course, that's how you do science. And scientists usually rely on a formalism based on classical statistics to report those results: they report the probability of their data given some hypothesis. P-values, that is.
In general, whenever you are measuring a unknown quantity, be it the mass of the top quark or the correlation between chocolate consumption and the rate of Nobel prizes in your country, you have a choice to make: you can use a Classical (aka "Frequentist") formalism or a Bayesian one. This will define the way you derive your "confidence interval" (or "credible interval" in Bayesian jargon) for the quantity you have measured. And if you choose the Classical setup, as is commonplace in exact sciences, you have to do with p-values - probabilities defined as the success ratio in the limit of a large number of repetitions of your experiment.
I will skip the discussion on the merits and problems of Frequentist and Bayesian practice here, as the focus is the former, with the ubiquitous appearance of p-values to size up the significance of observed effects as compared with a given hypothesis. And I will start by stating that there is nothing wrong in using p-values to report results, as long as we speak with scientists who know what we are talking about. The problem is that the same language, diffused to non-scientists or in general with an audience that is not equipped with the required knowledge, generates all sorts of nocuous side effects.

Or maybe I should say that the above is one problem. There is in fact another problem, maybe a more nagging one. The fact that there are arbitrary thresholds in what is considered "significant" by the scientific community causes a very annoying effect in what is viewed as an important or a non-important result. Null results - ones where the p-value is above 0.05, in most fields of research - are less sexy than "significant observations" (p<0.05) of something not predicted by the reference model. This causes a bias (a proven one) in the results that get published, and also all sorts of incorrect habits by the scientists. They may be tempted to repeat a null result close to threshold more than they do if they find a much larger p-value.

Now the ASA (American Statistics Association) has decided to voice their warnings. In a recently released document they state several important principles and a set of do's and don'ts. I think this is a step in the right direction, but I feel it will take much more than a statement to change matters for good. In any case I am happy to provide here some excerpts of the most important stated principles from the document.
  4. Proper inference requires full reporting and transparency
If I may comment on the above, I'll just say that 2. is an important warning against the so-called "probability inversion" error that is so common in newspapers, but is unfortunately also occasionally seen in scientific publications. As for 3., it is a reminder that a decision theory is not provided by classical statistics. 4. is a warning that results depend on methodologies, and can be influenced by them: transparency and repeatability are of paramount importance in all sciences.

Since this blog focuses on particle physics, I am compelled to say that I have discussed the matter of statistical significance (a number connected by a one-to-one map to a corresponding p-value) in excruciating detail in a seminar that I gave in Kolimbari, Athens, Louvain-la-Neuve, and Warsaw. This also resulted in a paper. In a nutshell, in the paper I explain that particle physicists have stuck to the five-sigma significance threshold for discovery claims, and I argue that there are reasons why we should be more flexible. Some more discussion is also offered in this blog post.


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Spatial resolution

Spatial resolution refers to the number of active pixels on the sensor. When designing a system, it is important to calculate the optimum camera resolution in order to be able to solve the inspection task in a robust and cost-effective way.

To achieve this, it is necessary to know details about the features that need to be detected. The smallest feature in combination with the required field of view, defines the smallest possible spatial resolution. In addition care has to be taken concerning po tential limitations due to the optical system (lens) or the software used.

For example, consider a 1 x 1 mm feature that needs to be inspected on an object. The feature can occur anywhere on the object, which measures 100 x 100 mm. The software requires that the feature occupies 3 x 3 pixels to achieve a reliable detection. It will therefore be necessary to have 3 pixels per mm, multiplied by the object size, which equates to a spatial resolution of 300 x 300 pixels.

This will hold true for mono chrome cameras, however, special consideration needs to be taken when using colour cameras that use a Bayer pattern. Here the colour of each pixel is interpolated using colour information from adjacent pixels. As a guide the minimum resolution should be doubled when using Bayer sensors.


Here are VCU Men’s Basketball’s Atlantic 10 pairings for the 2014-15 season. The Rams will play home-and-home series with Davidson, George Mason, George Washington, Saint Louis and Richmond. I love that the league appears to have taken geography into account. VCU already enjoys a fantastic rivalry with Richmond, while the Rams also have strong recent history with Saint Louis and (as of last year) George Washington, and George Mason. Given Davidson’s history and location, VCU could have another budding rivalry on its hands there as well.

You will notice the league has officially shifted from a 16-game conference slate to an 18-game schedule. Given the 14-team makeup of the league, it was probably inevitable.

Fans should really enjoy (at least) the names coming to the Siegel Center in 2015. On paper, the Rams will have a really strong A-10 home schedule, not that VCU was having trouble moving tickets.

For league-wide pairings for next season, click here.


Sandhi Rules and Sanskrit

My studies of Sanskrit language have continued and I am now, as of writing, have reached chapter 9 of my textbook.  However, things are definitely getting more uphill now as we’ve reached the dreaded “sandhi” (संधि) rules of Sanskrit.

Sanskrit, like nearly every language in the world, has sound changes that naturally happen when certain sounds come together.  This is a natural human phenomena to reduce friction in spoken language, but also influences written language as well.  In the case of Sanskrit, this joining of sounds, and changing is called “sandhi”, but the term sandhi has been expanded in linguistics to apply to any sound changes in any language.

Anyhow, sandhi rules in Sanskrit are particularly complicated.  They make a lot of sense when you get the hang of them, but getting used to all the myriad rules takes a lot of time.

Some rules are kind of straightforward, such as vowel endings.

For example, when certain vowels come together, they either merge or just morph into a different vowel.  For example:

अत्र अश्वः atra aśvaḥ (here horse)

The “a” at the end of the first word, followed by the “a” in the second word, would merge to become ā:

अत्राशवः atrāśvaḥ

Notice how the word gets merged in the process. This commonly happens in Sanskrit, hence the words look super long, but in actuality it’s a multiple words combined together.

The vowel sandhi rule above is not too bad, though.  It gets more complicated with consonant endings and such.  For example:

रामः गच्छति rāmaḥ gacchati (Rama goes)

changes to:

रामो गच्छति rāmo gacchati

रामः तिष्ठति rāmaḥ tiṣṭhati (Rama stands)

रामस्तिष्ठति ramastiṣṭhati

Further, sandhi rules aren’t limited to word endings. For example “n” will sometimes become ṇ if preceded by an “r” or ṛ as in:

गजः (gajaḥ, the elephant) ->
गजेन सह (gajena saha, “with the elephant”)

पुत्रः (putraḥ, the son) ->
पत्रेण सह (putreṇa saha, “with the son”)

…but wait! There’s more!

Anyhow, the key to learning Sandhi rules is to see them in practice. Memorizing the rules is nearly impossible because they’re so complicated, but if you see enough examples of sandhi rules in action, then things tend to make intuitive sense.

It takes some patience to get used to it, but over time, you’ll see how sandhi rules smooth out awkward sound combinations in Sanskrit and make it such a lovely language to read and speak.

Say It Like You Mean It

Recently I’ve been reading a book titled Three Zen Masters: Ikkyu, Hakuin, and Ryokan published by Kodansha Press. The book is a biography on Zen masters Ikkyu, Hakuin and Ryokan.

I found a really great quite in there, not by the three masters above, but by another Zen master named Daitō (大燈) better known as Shūhō Myōchō (宗峰妙超, 1282-1337). He was the second patriarch of the main Rinzai lineage that exists today.

While abbot of Daitoku-ji temple, a major Rinzai Zen temple, he gave a final admonition to his students that is still recited there to this day:

All of you who have come to this mountain monastery, do not forget that you are here for the sake of the Way, not for the sake of clothing and food….Address yourselves throughout the day to knowing the unknowable. From start to finish, investigate all things in detail. Time flies like an arrow, so do not waste energy on trivial matters. Be attentive! Be attentive!

After this old monk completes his pilgrimage, some of you may preside over grand temples with magnificent buildings and huge libraries adorned with gold and silver and have many followers. Others may devote themselves to sutra study, esoteric chants, continual meditation, and strict observance of the precepts.  Whatever the course of action, if the mind is not set on the marvelous, transcendent Way of the Buddhas and Patriarchs, causality is negated and the teaching collapses.  Such people are devils and can never be my true heirs.  The one who tends to his own affairs and clarifies his own nature, even though he may be residing in the remote countryside in a hut, subsisting on wild vegetables cooked in a battered old cauldron, encounters my tradition daily and receives my teaching with gratitude.  Who can take this lightly?  Work harder! Work harder! (pg. 16)

There’s something I find really inspiring about this quote.  I feel that what Daito is saying is that whatever Buddhist practice you do, you should really feel committed to the Buddhist path, and not just kind of go in halfway.  Maybe I’m interpreting this wrong, but I can see how someone who’s committed to doing esoteric chants (I don’t) and focused on the Buddhist path will really grow as a person, whereas someone doing it for curiosity and because it’s “cool” or might be looking for some tangible benefit, might not.

You can probably extend this to any Buddhist practice too.

Anyhow, just something cool I wanted to share.

Mindfulness Works

There are plenty of articles on the Internet explaining the benefits of meditation, including Buddhist mindful meditation, but I felt this article was particularly interesting, because it explains why the alternative (a wandering mind) can be harmful.  The idea is that the wandering mind builds up all sorts of anxiety and unease that may have no actual connection to real-life, but tends to take on a life of its own within our minds.  If left unchecked, this can make us suffer when there’s no need for us to.

Although I haven’t been very diligent about meditation in the past, I found this article made a lot of sense for me.  I found that when I get really worked up about something, it helps to stop and take a deep breath for a moment, and just take a moment to pay attention to whatever I’m doing.

Certainly better than the alternative… 😉

Why The Hell Won’t They Listen?

This is something I’ve been meaning to share for a while.  I found this article by the BBC a few months back about how our minds are naturally tend to be biased toward anything that confirms our already-held beliefs.  This is a well-known psychological phenomenon, but what’s interesting is that the article shows how simply telling someone to be objective and unbiased isn’t enough.  You have to actually get someone to see the other side of a viewpoint before they will break out of their mental shell.

This is of course nothing new to Buddhism.  The Buddha taught that all living beings suffer from an array of mental distortions.  These are called kleśa (क्लेश) in Sanskrit, or in Japanese bonnō (煩悩).¹

It’s like wearing a pair of sunglasses for a really long time.  After a while, you forget you’re wearing them, and you just see the world as filtered through the sunglasses.  If you were to take off the sunglasses, even for a moment, you would be surprised and maybe a bit disoriented at how the world looks.  In the same way, Buddhists strive to undo these mental distortions they project onto the world around them, so they can see things as they are.

But what is the source of these distortions?  Ignorance, particularly regarding one’s own self.  As the BBC article shows, people are inherently biased toward themselves.  They form their world-view from limited information and personal experience, and selfish needs regardless of whether that’s accurate or not.  An attack on one’s views, even if they’re wrong, is an attack on one’s self.  People crave validation, sometimes even at the expense of truth.

However, if one were to see the limitations of one’s own self, and their own viewpoint, they may be able to break out and consider possibilities they never considered before.  That is the first step toward wisdom.

¹ I mention the Japanese word here only because you do here it mentioned in Japanese conversation every now and again.  “People are bonnō” and other such comments.

Even in KPop, All Good Things Must Come To An End

After my second child, Little Guy, was born about 3 years ago, a lot of things changed in my life, and a lot of hobbies and personal projects got put on hold for years, not just months.  This included my love of K-Pop music.

I got so out of touch that when I finally started delving back into K-Pop recently, I was kind of taken back by how much had changed.  Some of the bands I knew and liked had broken up, or had become totally defunct.  Just a few months ago, one of my favorite, 2NE1, had a final goodbye song before breaking up.¹

I am sure there’s lots of new and exciting groups too, but I am not really interested in starting over.  As the last groups I used to follow slowly decline and drop off the scene, there’s a certain Buddhist lesson to this all.

The entertainment industry probably exemplifies this more than anything else, but if you look around, you can see it everywhere.

P.S.  So long, 2NE1.  You were a lot of fun.  😥

¹ Bom was always my favorite member of 2NE1.  I hope she finds the happiness and healing she deserves.  🙂

Awakening and the Original Mind

Another post based on the writings of Jinul (지눌, 知訥, 1158–1210), the Korean Buddhist monk.  As with the previous post, I found this quote in Jinul’s major work the Excerpts from the Dharma Collection and Special Practice Record with Personal Notes (법집별항록절요병입사기, 法集別行錄節要幷入私記, beopjip pyeolhaeng nok cheolyo byeongip sagi).

Now, the sudden awakening to the constant awareness of the original mind is like recognizing the immutable moist nature of water.  Since the mind is no longer deluded, there is no ignorance.  It is as if the wind had suddenly stopped.  After awakening, mental disturbances naturally come to a gradual halt like waves which gradually subside.  By developing both body and mind in sīla, samādhi, and prajñā, you gradually become self-reliant until you are unhindered in displaying magic and miracles and can universally benefit all sentient beings.  This is called Buddhahood… (pg. 170, Tracing Back the Radiance, trans. Professor Robert Buswell)

There’s a couple things worth pointing out in this quote:

  • Jinul takes an approach of sudden awakening, followed by gradual cultivation.  This is the foundation of Korean Seon Buddhism, but differs slightly from other schools of Zen.
  • Jinul upholds the importance of the three “pillars” of Buddhism:
    • sīla – Personal conduct (e.g. the Five Precepts, Right Action, Right Livelihood, etc).  Personal conduct isn’t just for one’s own benefits, but also benefits those around you, which in turns does benefit oneself.
    • samādhi – A state of heightened awareness and focus, brought about through meditation training.  In other words, the fruits of long-term Buddhist practice.
    • prajñā – Wisdom and insight.  This is more passive, but part of the natural growth and maturation of a Buddhist.

Interesting stuff.

Hakuin’s Hymn of Zen

Hi All,

I was doing a bit of research lately on various kinds of Japanese-Buddhist home services by sect, known informally in Japanese as otsutomé (お勤め) or more formally as gongyō (勤行).  While looking at the Rinzai Zen services in particular, I encountered something I had never seen before called Song of Zen by the 17th-century Zen master Hakuin.  The actual name in Japanese for this “song” seems to be the zazen wasan (坐禅和讃) or hakuin zenshi zazen wasan (白隠禅師坐禅和讃).  The term “wasan” probably would be better translated as “hymn”,¹ so for the sake of this post, I call it the Hymn of Zen.

But enough about linguistics, what the heck is it?

This is a kind of Buddhist hymn composed by Hakuin that explains Zen teachings in a simple, accessible series of verses.  Unlike more traditional Japanese-Buddhist writing which uses Sino-Japanese writing (that is Chinese characters with Japanese pronunciation), this hymn was composed in more vernacular Japanese for easy readability by followers.

The translation below is by Trevor Legget (Japanese version can be found on Wikipedia for reference):

All beings are from the very beginning Buddhas.

It is like water and ice:

Apart from water, no ice,

Outside living beings, no Buddhas.

Not knowing it is near, they seek it afar.

What a pity!

It is like the child from a rich house

Who has strayed away among the poor.

The cause of our circling through the six worlds

Is that we are on the dark paths of ignorance.

Dark path upon dark path treading.

When shall we escape from birth-and-death?

The Zen meditation of the Mahayana

Is beyond all praise.

Giving and morality and the other perfections,

Taking of the name, repentance, discipline,

And the many other right actions,

All come back to the practice of meditation.

By the merit of a single sitting

He destroyed innumerable accumulated sins.

How should there be wrong paths for him?

The Pure Land paradise is not far.

When in reverence this truth is heard even once,

He who praises it and gladly embraces it

Has merit without end.

How much more he who turns within

And confirms directly his own nature,

That his own nature is no-nature –

Such has transcended vain words.

The gate opens, and cause and effect are one;

Straight runs the way – not two, not three.

Taking as form the form of no-form,

Going or returning, he is ever at home.

Taking as thought the thought of no-thought,

Singing and dancing, all is the voice of truth.

Wide is the heaven of boundless Samadhi,

Radiant the full moon of the fourfold wisdom.

What remains to be sought?

Nirvana is clear before him,

This very place the Lotus Paradise,

This very body the Buddha.

The references to the Lotus Paradise and Pure Land allude to the Pure Land of Shakyamuni Buddha as described in the 16th chapter of the Lotus Sutra, which Hakuin was deeply devoted to since his youth.

¹ See for example Shinran’s Hymns of the Pure Land (jōdo wasan, 浄土和讃) composed in the 13th century.  These short, melodious hymns are usually chanted during the end of reciting the Shoshinge in Jodo Shinshu services.  Speaking from experience.


interfaith youth core

Eboo Patel 12-21-2016

Olivia Whitener 8-02-2016
Interfaith Leadership

Interfaith Leadership

“WE CAN'T PUT cheese on all of the hamburgers for dinner, and can you please say ‘Dear God’ not ‘Dear Jesus’ when you pray?” These were instructions I gave to my dad before a birthday party in elementary school, worried that my new Jewish friends would not feel comfortable in our Christian home. Because I grew up in a religiously diverse area, I was cognizant of differences in religious practice before I knew the beliefs behind my own Christian rituals.

This is how my journey of interfaith learning and leadership began: by inviting my friends from school over to play and making sure they had something to eat. In his book Interfaith Leadership, Eboo Patel defines interfaith experiences as those “where people with diverse faiths interact, and their faith identities are somehow involved.” We weren’t just religiously diverse students sitting next to each other at school sharing our crayons—we were in each other’s homes, and that meant our faith identities were exposed and explored.

Interfaith Leadership outlines three questions that come up in interactions with people different from you: Who am I? Who are you? How do we relate to each other? Through stories of his experiences and those of friends from different faiths, Patel, founder of Interfaith Youth Core and a Sojourners columnist, shows us the process of becoming an interfaith leader who builds bridges and strengthens communities. He explains theories behind interfaith work in a way that is easy to understand, applying them directly to daily interactions and conflicts. For a short primer, Interfaith Leadership could be the most helpful tool for anyone striving to develop “positive, constructive, warm, caring, cooperative engagement” (aka “relationship”) with others.

Eboo Patel 5-01-2012

Anne Marie Roderick 10-27-2011

Of course not.

Eboo Patel 9-09-2011

Jim Wallis is on vacation this week, but before leaving he wrote an op-ed for The Washington Post<
Alexis Vaughan 11-03-2009


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Finance & Accounting
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A Critical Analysis of the Concept of Tax Avoidance and an Assessment of the Popular Trends in Tax Avoidance in the UK Corporate Sector & the Role of Stakeholders. Chapter 1: Introduction There are two main categories of taxes (Blankson, 2004). These are the personal taxes and corporate taxes…

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Thus, they maintain a liberal tax system for businesses and maintain a more stricter tax system for individuals. Due to this, most businesses have many options of manipulating tax law to their favour in order to pay less taxes. In principle, taxes are paid to promote social justice and assist the government and corporate sector to meet its objectives and needs. If an individual or business entity fails to pay taxes, they are liable to prosecution and this could result in fines or jail terms (Blankson, 2004: 3). This implies that although failure or refusal to pay taxes could have serious consequences, there are some kind of loopholes which can be explored by corporate entities in order to pay less taxes. The ACCA identifies that everyone must arrange his affairs to pay less taxes and it is not even a patriotic duty to pay more taxes (2009). This means that it might be desirable to arrange one's affairs to pay the minimum tax possible. James identifies that “tax avoidance involves the taxpayer using the tax rules to his best advantage to minimise his tax liability” (2009: 129). Hence, the practice of tax avoidance entails the examination of the tax rules to identify the best way of arranging one's affairs to pay the least possible taxes. However, this theory seem to be in conflict with the normal view and spirit of taxation which is to promote social justice. ...
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