Mackenzie River Husky

Canadian Eskimo Dogs

Canadian Eskimo Dogs are one of the rarest and oldest indigenous breeds in the world. So rare, one point in time there was reported to have less than 600 in the world. According to research a program called "Eskimo Dog Research" (EDRF) and Brian Ladoon helped bring this breed from the brink of extinction.  Here is the actual quote of the declination of this breed.

Via Wikipedia "There is some debate surrounding the decline of the breed. Often the introduction of the snowmobile is cited as the main contributing factor. In the 19th century and early 20th century this breed was in demand for polar expeditions. When snowmobiles came into use, the population numbers started rapidly declining, because snowmobiles are faster and need less care. In the 1920s there were approximately 20,000 dogs living in the Canadian Arctic, and the breed had been accepted for showing by both the American Kennel Club (AKC) and the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC); however, in 1959 the AKC dropped the breed from its registry because of extremely low numbers.[20] Inuit communities have gone on record for blaming the breed's decline on mass killings that occurred during the 1950s to 1970s. Many claim that the RCMP and other persons in authority killed Inuit sled dogs systematically and determinedly.[8] It is proposed this was done to disrupt Inuit culture and way of life. Though there is no major consensus, by 1963 there was supposedly only one dog registered with the CKC, and when this dog died there were still no others registered. The decline in dog population and allegations against the RCMP by Inuit is documented in the 2010 National Film Board of Canada film Qimmit: A Clash of Two Truths.[21]"

 Incredibly hard working, tough, intelligent, alert and loyal, I believe this breed needs more recognition. Eskimo Dogs are known for their capability to survive harsh conditions with little nourishment. As are the other breeds I will write about in other posts.
Particularly the Canadian Eskimo Dog is no different than the more popular arctic dogs, Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute or Samoyeds. A lot like huskies and Malamues, Eskimo dogs come in a variety of colors and marking types. From red, white, black, silver or gray. If only more people knew their beauty and amazement.

However, they happen to be easier to train, and a seemingly better dog of this type to own. That is if you can find a breeder that is willing to sell a pup. Unfortunately there are many other Eskimo Dog owners similar, who would tell you, "we're not selling any dogs, or they are not for sale." However, this is not just for Canadian Eskimo Dogs but for almost any rare breeds. Like majority of dogs, this breed is not for everyone, but very interesting to admire.

Unlike most dogs, they require more than a walk around the block. Their high energy and tough mentality makes them more compatible for mushers. Perhaps even super active runners would even be ideal owners, who are physically strong. They are not suitable for children and thrive in colder climates of the country or spacious suburban regions. It is said Canadian Eskimo Dogs have a lifespan of 10-14 years.

Incredible or not? That is why I have featured them in my upcoming novel. Eskimo Dogs deserve to be known as the common husky is. Please help spread their name and make them a popular breed.

Thanks - Tikaani Moon

Marketing on Social Sites

During extensive research, I have gathered that it is beneficial for a writer to utilize social sites. Well, not only writers, but for anyone looking to market. Social sites is a great way of promoting and marketing yourself. Let people know you have something magnificent to offer them. It's also good to first build an excellent reputation with as many people as you can. I mean, people who would actually be interested in you and what you have to offer.

I've discovered, it's not always good for marketing to just add random people on Facebook. You may have a thousands friends, but it's good to allow people to come to you. You can also friend individuals similar to you with a nice, professional message telling why you should connect. I prefer to always say if you wish not to connect, I prefer if you simply ignore my friend request, or politely say you are not interested. Besides making that a constant habit you'll probably get this. . .

When I first signed up for Facebook, I use to do this. Luckily however, the people I have friended coincidentally are interested in the topics I write about.

Or on Twitter turning to the easy route in receiving many followers (if you follow a certain account or retweet something you'll get more followers)  However, some people may have difficulties getting people to acknowledge their existence, especially if you are the Invisible Wolf. While there a lot who has the gift of being naturally capable of connecting and communicating with others, some may have to almost go that extra mile in order to be noticed. Either way, I try to market with different approaches until something is successful (still trying to).

I have took the time out to sign up for almost every social site available. If you name it, I'm certain I am a member. Of course excluding dating sites, besides, this is merely for the benefit of marketing. It is whether beneficial to sign up for as many sites as you can/may to gain more recognition. Also I have found a few information on how to properly gain notirity on different sites.

It is a very informative article on gaining popularity on Twitter.
How to Be More Popular on Twitter: 8 Steps - wikiHow

This one I found on Twitter from @MichaelHyatt:

Found it to be very informative as well

Adventures in Outling a Novel

After years of writing, I have recently discovered the benefits of writing an outline before actually writing.

Since I was young, I began writing and working on the first book that I plan on publishing soon. During the years, I consulted with my mother; we realized it wasn't quite worthy of publishing or even finishing. So many times, I would find myself rewriting the entire book and even reconstructing the plot, pacing, characters and theme. You know, when you're a young writer, you're often lost with an idea.

Although many humans prefer to just write as they go along, but once it's time to read it, there are often many issues regarding the finished product. Writers would realize the book can be inconsistent, issues with pacing, scenes can be annoyingly interminable, and there can also be a lot of unnecessary and/or useless material in the story. When I use to do this, I often discovered these problems with my finished or almost finished work. That's why I took so much time rewriting the entire book, omitting things that were unnecessary. Writers who do not outline often have to take more time rewriting, editing, rereading and are more likely to be plagued with writer's block. However, some humans who do not use outlines believe outlines merely limits creativity. In fact, for many writers it may work for them.

Just recently, I've discovered the great benefits of outling a novel. Not only my novels I outline, however, but every project including manga and screenplays before actually writing them. Writers that outline would agree that it eliminates all of the headaches when not outlining a book. Outlines are the map to a story, permitting writers of knowing what will happen in every chapter and how the story will end. This also eliminates writer's block. If you happen to get stuck, you can always refer back to your outline to help you. Outlines can be as simple and as detailed as a writer want. You can always edit or revise them if needed.

I know for now on, I will always outline my projects before officially starting the adventure.

This is for me however. I've ran across blogs, articles and experts etc. who tell humans the correct way is to outline or not to outline. In this debate, there really isn't no right or wrong way. I feel whatever works for someone else, may not work for another. So that's what I had to share about writing outlines.

From a Paranormal Log to a Book


Depth of field

The “depth of field” of a pair of binoculars refers to its ability to keep objects further towards the background and closer towards the foreground in focus without you having to adjust the focus. Stated in another way: Once you’ve focused on an object in the distance, how far behind this object (in other words, further away into the background) and how far in front of the object (in other words, closer to you, the viewer) is still in focus, without you having to adjust the focus.

This is another feature of a binocular directly determined by magnification: The more powerful the instrument, the more restricted the depth of field.

Really powerful binoculars, like the ones used for astronomy, have very little depth of field and getting the focus right is very difficult. Fortunately the object (stars) does not move, but watching moving objects like animals and birds will be increasingly difficult with a pair of binoculars with high magnification. You struggle to get the focus right, then the bird starts flying towards you and the image is blurred. On the other hand, with lower magnification like 8x or 7x, the depth of field is deeper. For this reason binoculars recommended for birding are usually not more powerful than 8x.
Depth of field becomes more sensitive the closer you focus, but opens up the further you focus.

A special category of binoculars with super depth of field features is the so-called “auto focus” binoculars. Please consult my article on Auto focus binoculars for a discussion of this category of binoculars.


History of Native American Pipes

Pipes have been made and used for thousands of years. The earliest bone pipe found in North America was discovered in a Mummy Cave in Wyoming, dating back to 9000 B.C.E. There have been many stone and ceramic pipes that have been found by archaeologists throughout North America dating back to 4000 and 3000 B.C.E. It is still contested among scholars when pipes started being used for ritualistic purposes rather than recreational, but the earliest known European illustration of a Sacred Pipe dates to 1591. This drawing was a depiction created by a Flemish artist named Theodore de Bry, after learning about a 1564 exploration of La Florida by French explorers René de Laudonnière and Jean Ribault. De Bry created engravings as well as this illustration based off French artist Jacques LaMoyne’s drawings of the exploration.

Social Implications

During the 18th and 19th centuries, pipes became a central tool for forming social and economic bonds with European settlers. They were used in trade as well as political and social negotiations. Europeans were captivated with tobacco and smoking. Native Americans and Europeans were able to use smoking as a shared recreational activity as well as a means for exchange. However, many problems came out of this trade system. Native Americans attempted to make social alliances through the shared interest of tobacco, but the European settlers were more interested in the economic benefits. The Europeans started to dominate the tobacco and pipe trading system. This was not the only way the Europeans monopolized the livelihoods of Native Americans. By the 1900s, most Native Americans had been forced onto reservations and the possibility of sustaining a trade relationship had ended.

Pipes in the Upper Midwest

In Southwestern Minnesota there is a red pipestone quarry that has been used by Native Americans for over 3,000 years. The red stone found in the quarries is fairly soft and perfect for pipe making, and has been used by various Native American groups since at least 1200 AD. In the 1700s, the prominent Native American group using the quarry was the Dakota Sioux. It was not until 1836, when George Catlinite “discovered” the quarry, that trade between Natives and European settlers started occurring. Native Americans and American settlers used the quarry together for a time, until European settlers took total control of the quarry during the mid to late 19th century.

In the 19th century, manufacturing and trade steadily increased at the quarry. In the 1860s, catlinite pipes were manufactured by American settlers in order to trade with Native Americans. Between 1864 and 1866, over 7,000 pipes were manufactured for trading purposes by the Northwest Fur Company as well as private investors. It was at this time that Native Americans started being forced onto reservations, and many of the Dakota Sioux were moved west onto reservations in the North and South Dakota areas. One subgroup of the Dakota tribe, called the Yanktons, were pushed to the edge of the pipestone quarry during the mid-19th century. The Yanktons were not allowed to access the quarry which greatly decreased their economic standing, but in 1928, they finally received monetary compensation for their loss from the United States government after a ruling by the Supreme Court. In 1937, the government gave permission for all Native Americans to return to the land and to quarry the pipestone. Today, people are not allowed to quarry the pipestone without a permit from the government. The quarry is currently a national monument and education center for students in the area.

Back to Main Exhibit Page

Pipe Styles

For Further Reading


April 10, 2013

Key Pathway To Stop Dangerous, Out-Of-Control Inflammation Discovered

Jian-Dong Li, director of Georgia State's Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, and his team discovered that blocking a certain pathway involved in the biological process of inflammation will suppress it.

Inhibiting a molecule called phosphodiesterase 4B, or PDE4B, suppresses inflammation by affecting a key gene called CLYD, a gene that serves as a brake on inflammation.

The research was published in the journal Nature Communications.

Li explained the process of overactive inflammation using a "police" analogy.

When a pathogen — such as bacteria or viruses -- infects a patient, he said, it triggers an "alarm" to which the "police" of immune system respond. In turn, it triggers neutrophil attractant called cytokines to respond, leading to inflammation that serves to help rid the body of the pathogen. But if inflammation isn't stopped, tissue damage can result.

The pathways during the response are termed "positive," like a gas pedal on a car, and "negative," like a brake, with the process in the positive pathway going down the line from the pathogen to inflammation, and negative going the other direction. PDE4B is involved in controlling the negative pathway.

Many researchers have been focusing on developing anti-inflammatory agents by stopping the positive pathway, but the discovery by Li and his colleagues gives scientists a new route to stop inflammation using safer or even existing drugs proven to be non-toxic as they have found that accelerating the negative pathway will reduce inflammation.

"This is the key negative regulator that we have been searching after for years, " Li said.

There is a need for better drugs to control inflammation, because current treatments come with serious side effects, Li said. Steroids are commonly used, but cannot be used over the long-term. Steroids suppress the immune system.

On the Net:


The Port must grapple with a fundamental question as it considers the proposals for the future of Seaport Village: How much say should a single developer have over public land? It also must consider what’s suitable for public waterfront property in the first place, whether each plan is consistent with the Port’s vision and what’s best for its budget.

The Port has decided to let developers shape major overhauls of Seaport Village and Harbor Island before it finalizes a comprehensive master plan for the waterfront. That means it is private developers, not public officials, who are framing the discussion of the bay’s future.

A federal prosecutor gave the first clue Friday to the biggest unanswered question in the campaign finance scandal: What did the wealthy Mexican national who allegedly conspired to illegally fund San Diego elections want?


Tags » Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense

The simple present tense is one of several forms of present tense in English. It is used to describe habits, unchanging situations, general truths, and fixed arrangements. 515 more words

Exercise: Using to be in Simple present

Choose the correct answer. Each option has different color. Use the color of the option you choose to make a triangle. If you could make the same triangle as the triangle below, then you did it perfectly. 158 more words

Simple Present

What is "Simple Present Tense ?

Before we start to discuss about simple present tense, have you heard it before? 469 more words

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Loosely quoted from Star Talk Radio:

“If you stare at nothing for long enough, something will appear”

– Lawrence Krauss

The idea that something can’t come from nothing has been rendered obsolete by quantum mechanics. Just as Krauss says, if you observe a space of absolutely nothing (a vacuum), particles will appear and disappear frequently from the nothingness (quantum fluctuations). I mentioned more on this in my post about how the universe can create itself out of nothing.

– Lawrence Krauss.

– Lawrence M. Krauss

Just imagine – a day when the skies are completely black at night and no matter how advanced technology gets (if classical physics is right and light speed is the max), they will never know anything about other stars or galaxies. The only evidence that they ever existed would be old stories. Mind blowing stuff.

By the way, I’ve heard a question in response to this quote basically wondering how the galaxies can be receding faster than light speed if light speed is the maximum. The reason is because the receding of galaxies is not “physical” travel through space, but rather it is the expansion of the fabric of space-time. Those familiar with science will understand this. If it helps, imagine two dots on the surface of a balloon. As you inflate the balloon, the two dots move farther apart because the surface of the balloon is expanding, but their physical locations on the balloon is still the “same” (i.e. the dots aren’t moving along the balloon, they’re still where you put them – it’s the surface of the balloon that’s stretching).

Your pain is the breaking of the shell that encloses your understanding. It is the bitter potion by which the physician within you heals your sick self. Therefore, trust the physician and drink the remedy in silence and tranquility.

– Khalil Gibran

“What professions do all these senators and congressmen have? Law, law, law, law, business, law, law, law … Where are the scientists? Where are the engineers? Where’s the rest of … life?”

– Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson

But you know what? This one takes the cake:

Pregnancies Resulting from Rape

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Developer Diary/Friday Night Life: Time of Reflection

I find myself spending the day in Hiroshima and doing layout for my Art of  War RPG and realized my artist did an incredible chapter art very similar to the photo I took above.

It’s nice to have artist and freelancers you can rely on to capture the moment.

As far as the trip, it’s going well. I have traveled from Narita to Tokyo. Kyoto to Nara. Osaka to Hiroshima. Down the large “mainland” to this current stop and realizing there is weeks left to go.

Many shrines and temples left to find, with gardens to transverse.

Friday Night Life:

From Kyoto with Love

Friday Night Life: Updates & Peach John does One Piece

Would you like anime reviews?

What about convention reviews?

Random adventures while traveling across Japan?

Feedback is welcomed.

Details here on their website

Update: Outside JP website here

Developer’s Journal 3: Creating a Race for Savage Worlds

Construct Race for Savage Worlds – Terracotta

My gaming history started many years ago when I was just a young tentacle sitting around a table playing, if I recall: Vampire the Masquerade, but it also could have been Rifts While others might say D&D or AD&D or any other classic sword and sorcery game, my first introduction was modern day or post-apoc sci-fi tech fun. Now I make mention of this vague memory because within the last year, Savage Rifts was released using the Savage Worlds system. Which as a Pathfinder publisher, this is almost blasphemy for me to say. But I blasphemously say, I love Savage Worlds.

I always loved the d6 Star Wars game by West End Games, for it was an open ruleset to create the character you wanted. It had books and books and books of races from a 100 different planets spread across the galaxy. The openness of this ruleset reminds me of Savage Worlds.

So this week the tentacle sat down to try the race creation rules found in the Savage Worlds Science Fiction Companion. What I wanted to do with the playable race was to have statues that contained the ancestral spirits of the humans that had been brought to animated life. So starting with a little flavor of the above I delved into the book and followed the suggested rules and examples. Using the Construct template as the base, and adapting the flavor and a savage worlds ruleset for the upcoming Art of War , we have the Terracotta (First Draft)

The souls of ancestors of great reverance are entomb in the monasteries of the great cities throughout the land. Royal guards that have served an Imperial Family for at least 30 years or great leaders of rural communities can petition a secret sect of spiritual monks who hold the secrets of reincarnation. These monks guard the sacred ritual of bringing back life of those who have past, rebirthing them into statues of clay and stone. The Heavens do not always answer those who call, but if they are deemed worthy and the offerings are plentiful, the soul of the dead are pushed to animate the statues of their former likeness giving new life to the fabled fallen. These are the Terracota.
Preserved from oblivion at great cost, the terracotta are given a second chance at life. They must knowingly volunteer (or request) to an individual that must serve as a witness during the ritual. With the blessing of Heaven they return to full fill the duty they were unable to accomplish in life. Many terracotta remain in the service of the those that they served in life. Others have stood guard watching over the tombs of long enshrined Emperors they protected for centuries. Upon being brought back, terracottas negotiate their existence before the heavens and with those that bring them back. If terms are not agreed upon, the Heavens withhold their blessings and the soul passes to the afterlife.
Terracottas retain most of the memories of former lives and continue to perform their task. Many have been known to petrify in place where they stand or turn to dust upon failing in their duty. These souls are cursed and unable to pass on, leaving them to haunt the area where they failed. Those that succeed and fulfilled their contract, are given the second chance at life to explore and learn new things that they had missed out on previously.

Racial Concepts:

Immortal Soldier
Terracottas sometimes receive bodies carved from the strongest stone and hardened clay. The new bodies allowing them to take up weapons heavier than any mortal could swing. Going forth to fight again as undying soldiers in the rank and file of a Clan. Dying once only to learned from their flaws of battle and again to stand alongside the living to wage war.

Wise Hermit
After fulfilling their terms, they seek to continue to learn and research the things they were not able to do. Terracottas that play it safe live long and out last many generations of life to pass on the previous teachings to the next. Holding up in libraries and studying the lost arts or applying past techniques to new technologies, they are scholars willing to teach their skills to anyone that will listen.

Racial Traits:

Chi Dependent-2: Terracottas must align their chi for one hour out of every 24 hours to maintain the proper balance of control over their new form with a successful Meditation check. Failing to do so results in Fatigue each day that can lead to Incapacitation. Each level is  recovered with an hour of meditation. At Incapacitation the spirit separates the spirit from the husk and they perish. Alternatively, a terracotta can spend 2 chi points to skip this hour of meditation.
Created: Terracottas are constructs created of stone and clay. They receive +2 to recover from being Shaken, ignore one level of wound modifiers, don’t breathe, and are immune to disease and poison. They cannot heal naturally but must be Repaired (and ignore the “Golden Hour”).
Extreme Weather Sensitivity-2: Terracottas suffers a –4 penalty to resist a extreme heat and cold environmental conditions. It causes their skin to dry out, freeze and crack. If they suffer damage from an attack of these sources, this penalty acts as a bonus to damage.
Flesh of Stone: Their hardened material make up grant Terracottas a +2 Toughness at creation.
Heavenly Mandate-1: Terracottas are still bond to the heavens to serve a purpose after being freed from their initial reasons for rebirth. The being that agreed to fulfill their contract also gains a pawn on the material plane. This divine pact varies, but the terracotta must fulfill this duty. When there’s a chance to complete this goal, they’ll do anything, and take any risk to achieve it.
Inflexible & Heavy-3: Being made of hardened minerals makes it difficult for the terracota to move quickly. They suffer a -1 penalty to all Agility rolls. Their Pace is reduced by 2” and have a run d4 run die.
Unnatural-1: Death should be final for the soul so they can complete the cycle. Those that are rebirthed are seen as an interruption in this process. Not everyone favors the presence of the Terracottas and many view them as outside that natural order. They have the Outsider Hindrance suffer a -2 modifier to Charisma when dealing with those unaccustomed to Terracottas.

Overall: The concept of design when using SW is fairly easy for this race. The hardest part was the decision making on the translation of idea to mechanics. I’ll try to go over that next Wednesday for the Developer’s Journal.


Internet Infrastructure

Today we are learning about Internet Infrastructure.

Hierarchy Of Networks
-from a single computer to LAN.
-from LAN to ISP.
-from ISP to www.

There are a few things that needed in order to connect to internet. The things are:
-web browser
-Internet access

However,policy and procedure to bring to internet is complicated.

Internet Protocol
-is the internet standard protocol that provides a common layer over dissimilar network.
-to more packet among 'host', computer through gateways.
-every computer assign unique IP address.
IP address consist of 32 bits, also equal to 4 octets of number from 0-225, represent in decimal form instead if binary.
-IP address consist of 2 part:

  1. Identifying network.
  2. Identifying the node/host.
-class of address determined which part belongs to network and             which part belongs to node.
-all node on a given network share the same network pretix but must have a unique host number.

-internet service that translate domains name like www.yahoo.com into numerical IP address like

- an organization that provides access to the Internet.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
-combination of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) with

the SSL/TLS protocol.

-It provides encrypted communication to prevent

 eavesdropping and to securely identify the web server with
 which you are actually communicating

-it can protect against eavesdropping and tampering with the contents of the site or with the information you send to the site.

-makes it possible to know whether you are talking to the right server and protects from passive and active network attacks

Week 11
  Today Dr. Dayang seem like a bit upset because last week we didn't attend her class due to our course activity at Pulau Tioman and she had no been inform about that. and we are very sorry about that and for sure there will be no more next time.
   Today we are learning about

Terrestrial Microwave

-required line of sight transmission and reception equipment.
-the taller the atennas,the longer the sight distance.
-there are the TOWERS on the hills ad mountains.
-signal transmmit one way direction at one time.
-to increase the distance, a system ( repeater ) can be installed with antenna.

-same principle as terrestrial microwave.
-acting as a super tall antenna and repeater.
-single bound.
-capability =any location on earth no matter low remote.
-high quality communication without requiring a huge investment in ground based infrastructure.
-same speed as the earth.
-geosynchronous satellite=orbit speed is based on distance from planet.
-minimum 3 satelite to provide full global transmission.
-transmission from earth to satellite= Uplink
-transsmission from satellite to earth-downlink

Radio Frequency

Cellular Phone

How Cell Phones Work

My Phone is a Radio?
Develop Web/App Phone & Server/PBX For Desktop OS & Mobile-Phones

Cellular Radio Signal Diagram

weeks 10(CABLING)

1. LAN Techonology Cabling :

    a) Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another.
    b) Several types of cable are commonly used with LANs.

2. Types of Cables :
    Unshielded Twiested Pair (UTP) cable
    Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable
    Coaxial Cable
    Fiber Optic Cable
    Wireless LANs

3. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable

UTP Cable Picture

- Four pairs of wires inside the jacket
- each pair is twisted
- help tp eliminate interfereance from adjacent pairs and other electrical devices

4. Category 1 : Voice 9wayar Telefon)
    Category 2 : Data to 4 Mbps (Local Talk)
    Category 3 : Data to 10 Mbps (Ethernet)
    Category 4 : Data to 20 Mbps (16 Mbps Token Ring)
    Catogory 5 : Data to 100 mbps (Fast Ethernet)

5. The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45 connector

6. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable

- is a type of cable wrapped in a foil shielding
- to help provide a more reliable data communication
- using TOKEN RING topology

7. Coaxial cable

- a single copper conductor at its center
- a plastic layer provides insulation
- the metal shield helps to block interference
- Bayone-Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector
- T-connector, barrer connector, terminator

8. Fibre Optics

- consists of a center glass core surrounded by several layers
- transmit light rather than electronic signals
- eliminate the problem of electrical interference
- transmit signals over much longer distances than coaxial and twisted pair

9. Wireless LANS

10. 10BaseT : Unshielded Twisted Pair : 100 meters
    10Base2 : Thin Coaxial : 185 meters
    10Base5 : Thick Coaxial : 500 meters
    10BaseF : Fiber Optic : 2000 meters

11. Linear Bus : Coax, twisted pair, Fiber : Ethernet, Local talk
      Star : Twisted pair, fiber : Ethernet, Local talk
      Star-wired Ring : Twisted pair : Token ring
      Tree : Coax, twisted pair, fiber ; ethernet

Week 5 Introduction To Networking

Computer Network
-connecting to a computer with other computers or other devices to enables them to communicate together with each other.
-it can be : 1. devices equipment
                 2. transmission media to send/control data/signals
                 3.communication devices to transmit/send data from source to destination
-In the world of computer, NETWORKING is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of SHARING DATA.

Types Of Network
-Local -Area Networks(LAN)
-Wide-Area Networks(WAN)
-Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)
-Personal Area Network(PAN)

Network Component

Network are categories into 3 properties:
*Topology--->geometric arrangement of the network
*Protocol--->common set of rules and signals
*Architecture---> Peer -to- peer, and client/server

4 main types of network structure are :
1. Bus Network Structure
2.Star Network Structure
3Ring Network Structure
4.Hybrid Network Structure

1.Ethernet Protocol(most common used today!!!!!)
2.Token Ring Protocol
3.Local Talk Protocol
4.Fiber Distributed Data Interface(FDDI)
5.Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM)

Two major types of network architecture :

Transmission Media:
Bounded Media--->got cables, for example:twisted pair wire,co-axial cable,fiber optic cables

Unbounded Media--->air or vacuum, for example: AM and FM radio,TV broadcasting,satellite communication, microwave radio, Infrared signals

"AM Radio" is a rock song by the band Everclear. The song was recorded circa 2000 for Everclear's fourth album Songs from an American Movie, Vol. 1: Learning How to Smile So. The song was released as the second single from Everclear's album Songs from an American Movie, Vol. 1: Learning How to Smile. It spent 10 weeks on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, and reached #101. The "AM Radio" single was mistaken by many to be the first single from Everclear's fifth album, Songs from an American Movie, Vol. 2: Good Time for a Bad Attitude because the song was released so soon before Everclear's fifth album's release. The song was later used in a television commercial for General Motors in early 2006.

FM broadcasting is a broadcasting technology pioneered by Edwin Howard Armstrong which uses frequency modulation (FM) to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. The term "FM band" describes the "frequency band in which FM is used for broadcasting". This term is slightly misleading, since it equates a modulation method with a range of frequencies.

Weeks 4:
   -to define data communication terminology
   -to detail the type of signal transmit through communication medium
   -describe data transmission mode
   -how network performance work

-Definition: collection and contribution of the electronic representation of information FROM and TO remote facilities by means of electrical transmission system such as telephone line,satelites or coaxial cable.
-there are two types of signals, analog signal and digital signal:

-frequency is a number of complete wave cycles. It is measured in Hertz(Hz) which is cycle per second.
-Amplitude is the wave height measures in Volt(V) or decible(dB). A strong signal will create higher   amplitude.
-Analogue signal is transmit through PSTN line known commonly as phone line.
-process changing ANALOGUE to DIGITAL =Modulation
-process changing DIGITAL to ANALOGUE = Demodulation
-hardware used in computer to do this process is called MoDem

Data Transmission Mode
Parallel transmission
   -a group of bits is transmitted simultaneously by using a separate line for each bit.
Serial transmission
   -transmit all the bits one after another on a single line. This style is a bit slower compare to parallel
   -2 types of serial transmission mode:  # synchronous transmission
                                                            # asynchronous transmission

-data transmitted one direction only
-role of transmitted and receiver are fixed
-example: radio, video, tv

Half Duplex
-message can follow in 2 direction but NEVER at same time.
-one station transmit to another without interruption
-other respon after transmission been complete.
-example: walkie- talkie.

Full Duplex
-both station can transmit and receive simultaneously
-consists of 2 simplex channel
-phone call

-a set of techniques that enable more than 1 device to combine and send their signals simultaneously through a single data links at the same time.
-network can transfer several different types of data : voice, video
-latest technology of LINKS=high - bandwidth media, coxial cable,optical fiber,satellite microwaves.
-each of these LINKS has a carrying CAPACITY.

Week 1: Finally,I start my conversation at my blog. Want write about what ? Erm, lets talks about telecommunication. Telecommunication refer to communication over long distance, covers all forms of distance and conversion of the original communication, including radio, telegraphy, television,telephony,data communication and computer networking. It can also be defined as the process of transmitting or receiving information over a distance by any electrical or electromagnetic medium. The information may take the form of voice, video, or data.
   Actually i still don"t know what was this subject about. But the first class seems like fun, and i hope my classmate and lecturer can help me to understand better in this subject^^

Web Browser

Week 3.
    Hey hey hey..haha...this week i know better what is telecommunication and networking. And this week we are learning about web browser. A web browser is :
    -software that displays web pages.
    -software that gives users a access to the World Wide Web.

Although browser are  primarily intended to access the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The major web browsers are Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari.
   And below chart show the percentage of people use the web browser in 2011.


Alcohol Addiction Dependency Can Be Treated Successfully in Fruitvale Texas 75127

Treatment as well as Healing can dependency be treated effectively in Fruitvale TX.

Drinking Addiction is a treatable illness. Research study in the science of addiction and the therapy of substance usage problems has actually brought about the growth of evidence-based treatments that aid people quit abusing medications and resume efficient lives.

Can dependency be healed in Fruitvale?

Not always– however like various other persistent diseases, dependency could be taken care of efficiently. Treatment allows people to combat dependency’s powerful turbulent impacts on their brain and also habits and restore control of their lives.

Does relapse to substance abuse mean treatment has fallen short?

Therapy of chronic illness entails changing deeply imbedded actions, and also relapse does not imply treatment has actually stopped working. For an individual recouping from addiction, expiring back to drug use suggests that therapy requires to be reinstated or adjusted or that another treatment should be attempted

In Texas, Just what are the concepts of effective meth usage disorder therapy?

Research study shows that incorporating treatment drugs (where available) with behavior modification is the very best method to make sure success for most clients. Treatment strategies have to be customized to resolve each client’s drug use patterns as well as drug-related clinical, psychological, and also social issues.

How can medications help deal with drug addiction at a rehab in TX?

Rehabs in Fruitvale Texas Treating Withdrawal of opiate

When people initially quit using medications, they could experience a selection of physical as well as psychological symptoms, including clinical depression, stress and anxiety, and also various other state of mind problems, in addition to restlessness or insomnia. Specific therapy medicines are developed to lower these symptoms, that makes it much easier to quit the drug use.

Remaining in Treatment in Fruitvale Texas.

Some treatment drugs are utilized to assist the mind adjust gradually to the lack of the abused medication. These medications act gradually to fend off medicine food cravings as well as have a soothing result on body systems. They can help individuals concentrate on counseling as well as various other psychotherapies associated with their medication therapy.

Protecting against Relapse.

Scientific research has actually educated us that stress and anxiety, cues connected to the drug experience (such as individuals, locations, things, and also state of minds), and exposure to medications are the most typical triggers for regression. Medicines are being developed to interfere with these triggers in order to help people sustain healing

Just how do behavior modifications treat opioid dependency?

Behavior therapies assist engage people basically usage disorder treatment, modifying their perspectives and behaviors related to drug use and also enhancing their life abilities to deal with demanding conditions as well as environmental signs that could set off intense food craving for drugs as well as prompt an additional cycle of uncontrollable use. Behavioral therapies can also boost the performance of drugs as well as assist individuals stay in treatment much longer.

Exactly how do the very best therapy programs help people recuperate from the prevalent effects of addiction?

When individuals enter treatment for a substance use disorder, dependency has actually typically taken over their lives. The obsession to get medicines, take drugs, as well as experience the results of medicines has actually controlled their every waking moment, as well as abusing medicines has taken the place of all the important things they used to enjoy doing. It has actually interfered with how they operate in their family members lives, at the office, and also in the neighborhood, and has made them more probable to suffer from various other serious health problems. Due to the fact that addiction can impact a lot of facets of a person’s life, treatment has to address the demands of the whole person to be effective. This is why the most effective programs integrate a range of corrective solutions into their thorough treatment programs.

Gaining the capacity to quit abusing alcohol is simply one component of a long as well as complex recuperation procedure.

Therapy counselors may select from a food selection of solutions for meeting the details medical, mental, social, trade, as well as lawful demands of their people to cultivate their recovery from dependency.|When individuals get in treatment for a substance use disorder, addiction has actually usually taken over their lives.

Due to the fact that addiction can impact so several facets of an individual’s life, treatment must attend to the demands of the whole person to be successful. Treatment therapists may pick from a menu of solutions for fulfilling the specific clinical, mental, social, vocational, and also legal demands of their clients to foster their healing from dependency.


分清big data,ML,AI之间的关系

原创 2016年06月01日 11:46:15

How are big data and machine learning related?（大数据与机器学习间关系）

Big data and machine learning are not related, but when used together can do real wonder. （没有直接联系，但是在一起效果更好）

Machine Learning & Big Data: The learning comes from extensive calculations done over existing datasets to create a learning model(in most cases). A normal system can’t handle very large dataset calculation and data size is increasing day by day, thus the obtained model should be adapted accordingly. To obtain this we have to implement distributed computing using big data technologies like Apache Mahout, Spark, R-Hadoop or initial analytics processing in projects like hive/ pig and feed output to machine learning algorithms for model/ learning generation.（机器学习需要对已经存储的数据集进行广泛计算进而产生学习模型。但是常规的系统不能处理大量的数据集，并且数据大小与日俱增，随着时间推移，已经得到的模型需要进行更新。为了达成这个目标，我们需要用分布式计算，利用大数据的技术，来产生模型和机器学习算法。）

You can apply machine learning algorithms to big data and/or you can apply big data processing techniques to machine learning.（两种技术可以相互渗透）

An example of the first case would be training a neural network or logistic regression with a large dataset using online gradient descent.（在大数据集上用在线梯度下降来训练神经网络或逻辑回归）

An example of the second case would be parallelizing gradient descent to run in a Map-Reduce environment.（在Map-Reduce环境下执行并行梯度下降）

In Machine learning large datasets usually mean you need to use simpler algorithms and they perform much better than on smaller datasets.

There are two types of insights anyone can get from a dataset :
Q1. Direct (group by/join/ sum/ max / average)（直接）
Q2. Inductive (if something is.. then something else is.. else anything is..)（推测）

Mind that the first type of insights are always exact, so you need to use computational tools like excel in small data and hadoop in big data to calculate.
The inductive insights on the other hand are approximations on seeing the data. For small amount of Data, a human can try and infer things seeing charts/graphs etc. However, when the data is huge, its beyond human capacity to infer rules from data. This is exactly when Machine Learning comes in.

One of the biggest reason’s why we use big data is to extract some meaning out of it, so that we can make better decisions. And that’s what machine learning does! It is the science of training systems to learn from data and output appropriate response without being explicitly programmed for that .But, on flip side without big data machine learning would be totally irrelevant, because to learn anything from data you need to have a large number of ‘training examples’ so that all possible scenarios are exhausted and also to avoid faulty training due to few erroneous datasets.
So, they are deeply interconnected.（一句话，大数据集让机器学习出来的模型不偏颇）

I have often found these terms used in an interchangeable way, which is totally wrong.
Big data has got more to do with High Performance Computing（大数据跟高性能计算相关）， while Machine Learning is a part of Data Science（机器学习是数据科学的一部分）. What happens in Big Data is large volumes of data which cannot be processed in reasonable amount of time, is processed quickly by various techniques and tools. In Machine Learning, a system learns from past experiences and is able to build a model which would most likely be able to comprehend future instances.
One of the main reason why big data and machine learning are used together is because big data is more likely to be a preprocessing step to machine learning.

Machine Learning is a science of studying patterns in the data. These patterns explain how the data is correlated. This correlated data is used to make future predictions.

Big Data is an art of working with large amount of data. As such, machine learning could be done on a smaller set of data, but larger the data; better the predictions.

So if I were to give a short answer; When you have a lot of structured/unstructured data that you want to study and find patterns, then you use big data and run your Machine Learning algorithms and find patterns that make a business use case.

Machine Learning - Build models. When people hear the term “machine learning”, they make mental images of robots who walk, climb or clean houses. In reality, machine learning starts alot closer to home. When you open your emails, spam has been filtered out from your important messages by an algorithm that has learnt to classify “spam” and “not spam”. Your Facebook news feed features posts from your closest friends because an algorithm has examined your likes, tags and photos to decipher who you connect with most. When you upload a photo and the website identifies your face, it’s fuelled by a facial recognition algorithm. When you use a search engine, you see the best and most relevant content first because of a sophisticated search ranking algorithm. In short, machine learning permeates our lives i.e it builds models for self learning algorithms.
Data Mining - It is an analytic process designed to explore data and consequently find Patterns in data. It is a practice of applying algorithms (mostly Machine learning algorithms ) to find patterns in data.
Artificial Intelligence - Behaves and Reasons. Science to develop a system or software to mimic human to respond and behave in a circumference. As field with extremely broad scope, AI has defined its goal into multiple chunks. Later each chuck has become a separate field of study to solve its problem.
Major list of AI goal :-
Knowledge Representation
Computer Vision
Machine Leaning
Natural Language
General intelligence, or strong AI
Machine learning is field emerged from one the AI goal to help machine to learn on it own to solve problems it’s can come across.

Natural language processing is another such field emerged from AI goal to help machine to communicate with real human.

Computer vision is a field emerged from AI goal to identify and distinguish objects that the machine could see.

Robotics is a field emerged from AI goal to give a physical appearance for a machine to do physical actions.

【pySpark教程】Big Data, Hardware trends, and Spark（二）

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New Apache project will Drill big data in near real time

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BIG DATA 大数据时代来临

基于《Web Intelligence and Big Data》的自我梳理 三、四

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Gardening Calendar

■ Till into vegetable beds 40 to 50 pounds per 100 square feet of composted manure at a depth of 6 to 8 inches.

■ Start vegetable seeds indoors: broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, early onions, eggplant, peppers, tomatoes, kale, lettuce, spinach, broccoli rabe and arugula. Start seeds in sterile soil; keep covered with plastic and newspaper until germination shows.

■ Start slower-growing flowers, such as begonia, lobelia, petunia, ice plant, snapdragon and verbena.

■ Water heavily right before a predicted hard freeze.

■ Manure should be added to compost, and it should be kept wet. Cover the compost to lessen the amount of water lost.

■ Seed flats should be watered and checked daily. They should be ready to move into a sunny spot or placed closed to lights.

■ To control aphids and scale, spray a dormant oil when the temperature is 40 to 70 degrees and will be above 30 degrees for at least 48 hours.

■ Prune shade trees to remove dead or damaged growth.

■ Spray dormant oil when temperature is between 40 and 70 degrees and will be above 30 degrees for at least 48 hours to control aphids and scale for holly, roses, fruit and nut trees and other broadleaf evergreens.


Innovative American Microgrids: from Corporate HQs to Affordable Housing

innovative american microgrids

In the United States, where minimalism and simplicity aren’t always a system’s determining factors, microgrid technology has made possible many groundbreaking projects that could lead to new models for off-grid power generation, distribution, and storage. These include everything from corporate campus microgrids to energy-plus-storage systems for multi-family affordable housing projects.

Winter Storm Stella’s Lesson: States Must Take Action on Distributed Energy

winter storm stella


Why you should seek the services of an Inventory Clerk

Being a landlord, you should be aware of the term inventory clerk. However, there are many landlords who are aware of the existence of these clerks, but they do not pay much focus on their principal purpose and advantages. They, therefore, don’t think about the need of hiring the service of one.

Benefits of inventory clerks

Inventory clerks could be beneficial for landlords and tenants both equally. There must be some education fond of both the parties for making them understand the significance of an inventory clerk.

Remember, an inventory clerk can work for landlords to keep a record of the property within a house and tenants to make sure all damages to their rental property is documented and no blame can be pinned onto them when they vacate the property.

Rental property

When an individual hires the services of one of inventory clerks, he/she will come to your dwelling, inspect each room contained in your property and record all the necessary details. These details are recorded in various forms.

They can easily record the information in writing form with accompanying photos and some use their superior technology gadgets. The written part of the inventory is the most vital as it should detail in any issues and photos are used as proof to back up the written description.

Benefits to Tenants of an inventory clerk

Tenants should also understand the value of inventory clerks and also do what’s essential to convince their landlords to employ the services from a reputable organization. Having a neutral middleman that has recorded all the details in written form is a reliable means of securing your deposit.

Once all the information is noted in written form, and like pictures, tenants might have a resulting conversation with their landlords during leaving the property. In quick, any problems that could result in a bad situation at the eleventh hour may be avoided.

inventory clerk
If you might be a landlord who with few properties in your ownership and you also rent them off and on, you should locate an inventory company that could provide you inventory clerks at discounted rates.

Furthermore, even if you rent your properties unfurnished, do not forget the importance of this service simply because your walls, flooring, garden, doors, as well as windows, are also listed in the inventory, and their situation is recorded from the clerks.

How to find the right inventory company for you?

The Internet can simply assist you in finding inventory clerks in your area. Be sure to reference some consumer reviews given on the net about various companies, so you understand which ones it is possible to afford and trust.

In addition to that, even in case you are an allowing agency, this support can greatly assist you in managing many issues that may arise in upcoming between landlords and tenants.

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Essay On Child Care Buy Essays Uk

Essay Around The Rule Of Law

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Essay On Articles Of Confederation

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Argumentative Essay On Space Exploration

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General knowledge Questions and Answers

76. Following percentage in tea production is treated agricultural income.
(A) 10% (C) 60% (B) 40% (D) 90% (Ans : C)

77. Investment by owner results in–
(A) increase in capital and decrease in liability
(B) increase in capital and increase in liability
(C) increase in capital and decrease in assets
(D) increase in capital and increase in asset (Ans : D)

78. The internal auditor of a joint stock company–
(A) need not possess qualifications laid down in the Companies Act
(B) should be a chartered accountant
(C) should be a chartered accountant or a cost accountant
(D) should hold some other professional qualification (Ans : A)

79. Asset cost Rs. 21,000
Scrap value Rs. 1,000
Depreciation rate 10% p. a.
What is the amount of depreciation for the first year if straight line method is used ?
(A) Rs. 2,100 (B) Rs. 2,000 (C) Rs. 2,200 (D) Rs. 2,400 (Ans : B)

80. Closing stock Rs. 53,400 cost of Goods sold Rs. 75,000, Gross profit Rs. 5,000, Purchases Rs. 82,000 What is the amount of opening stock–
(A) Rs. 46,400 (B) Rs. 41,400 (C) Rs. 60,400 (D) Rs. 55,400 (Ans : A)

81. Charging of capital expenditure to revenue results in–
(A) secret reserve (B) revenue reserve
(C) capital reserve (D) None of the above (Ans : A)

82. Assets of a business are Rs. 21315 and liabilities Rs. 4,120. What is the amount of owner's equity?
(A) Rs. 21,315 (B) Rs. 17,195 (C) Rs. 25,435 (D) Rs. 4,120 (Ans : B)

83. The policy that has been the most successful in increasing agricultural output in developing country is–
(A) import substitution (B) land reforms
(C) mechanisation (D) None of the above (Ans : B)

84. The income tax deducted from interest paid on debentures is shown on the–
(A) asset side of the balance sheet (B) liability side of the balance sheet
(C) credit side of P and L A/c (D) Debit side of P and L A/c (Ans : B)

85. Cash received from debtors is Rs. 12,000 and furniture purchased is Rs. 7,000. What is the net effect on the flow of funds?
(A) Net increase is working capital Rs. 5,000
(B) Net decrease is working capital Rs. 5,000
(C) Net increase in working capital Rs. 19,000
(D) Net decrease in working capital Rs. 7,000 (Ans : D)

86. Income includes following types of receipts-
(A) statutory receipts (B) illegal receipts
(C) statutory and illegal both (D) None of the above (Ans : C)

87. 'Open Market Operations' is a part of–
(A) Income policy (B) Fiscal policy
(C) Labour policy (D) Credit policy (Ans : D)

88. When net sales for the year are Rs. 2,50,000 and debtors Rs. 50,000 the average collection period is–
(A) 60 days (B) 45 days (C) 42 days (D) 72 days (Ans : D)

89. If the cost of goods sold in Rs. 1,20,000 and the rate of gross is 1/4 on sales, the amount of sales is–
(A) Rs. 1,20,000 (B) Rs. 90,000
(C) Rs. 80,000 (D) Rs. 96,000 (Ans : D)

90. When opening stock is Rs. 50,000, closing stock Rs. 60,000 and cost of goods sold Rs. 2,20,000, the stock turnover ratio is–
(A) 2 times (B) 3 times (C) 4 times (D) 5 times (Ans : C)

91. Investment according to Keynesian theory is–
(A) purchase of existing factory (B) purchase of shares of existing firms
(C) purchase of old building (D) establishment of new factory (Ans : D)

92. Which of the following equation is correct?
(A) opening stock + closing stock – purchases = cost of goods sold
(B) opening stock + purchase – closing stock = cost of goods sold
(C) purchases + closing stock – opening stock = cost of goods sold
(D) closing stock – purchase – opening stock = cost of goods sold (Ans : B)

93. Economic liberalisation in India started with–
(A) substantial changes in industrial licensing policy
(B) doing away with procedural formalities for foreign direct investment
(C) significant reduction in import duty (D) All the above (Ans : D)

94. Under capitalization can be remedied by–
(A) issue of bonus shares (B) redemption of preference shares
(C) redemption of debentures (D) redemption of interest on debentures (Ans : A)

95. The opportunity cost of holding money is determined by–
(A) the inflation rate (B) the level of aggregate output
(C) the interest rate (D) the discount rate (Ans : C)

96. Year ending on March 31st immediately prior to assessment year is called–
(A) calander year (B) assessment year
(C) previous year (D) None of the above (Ans : C)

97. If profits are 25% of selling price, what is the percentage of profit to cost?
(A) 20% (B) 25% (C) 30% (D) 33 1/3 % (Ans : D)

98. Say's law of market holds that–
(A) supply is not equal to demand (B) supply creates its own demand
(C) demand creates its own supply (D) supply is greater than demand (Ans : B)

99. If average cost is falling then–
(A) marginal cost is rising (B) marginal cost is falling
(C) marginal cost is equal to average cost
(D) it is impossible to tell if marginal cost is rising or falling (Ans : B)

100. Bank overdraft should be classified as–
(A) current asset (B) current liability
(C) fixed assets (D) fixed liability (Ans : B)

101. X Ltd. purchased land and building worth Rs. 28,80,000 and in lieu issued debentures of Rs. 100 each at a discount of 4%. What is the number of debentures issued–
(A) 28,800 (B) 30,000 (C) 32,000 (D) 32,200 (Ans : B)

102. Which of the following is an economic barometer–
(A) Skewness (B) Median (C) Index number (D) Mode (Ans : C)

103. The term fixed assets include–
(A) bank balance (B) stock of finished goods
(C) goodwill (D) loose tools (Ans : C)

104. During a period of rising prices, which inventory pricing method will result in lower total current assets–
(A) LIFO (B) FIFO (C) simple average method (D) None of the above (Ans : A)

105. When quick ratio is 1.5 : 1 and the amount of quick assets Rs. 30,000, what is the amount of quick liabilities?
(A) Rs. 20,000 (B) Rs. 50,000 (C) Rs. 45,000 (D) Rs. 30,000 (Ans : A)

106. Which of the following is not included in infrastructure in India?
(A) Education (B) Insurance (C) Energy (D) Transport (Ans : B)

107. If an increase in the price of blue jeans leads to an increase in the demand for tennis shoes, then blue jeans and tennis shoes are–
(A) complements (B) inferior goods (C) normal goods (D) substitutes (Ans : A)

108. The net assets of a business on Jan. 1 and Jan. 31 are Rs. 39,000 and Rs. 38,000 respectively. Additional investment by owner and withdrawal by owner during Jan. amount to Rs. 2000 and Rs. 6000 respectively. What is the net income for Jan. ?
(A) Rs. 1000 (Loss) (B) Rs. 3000 (C) Rs. 5000 (D) Rs. 4000 (Ans : B)

109. A Ltd. issued prospectus inviting applications for 2000 shares. Applications were received for 3000 shares and pro-rata allotment was made on the application for 2400 shares. If Ramesh had been alloted 40 shares, how many shares he must have applied for?
(A) 40 (B) 44 (C) 48 (D) 52 (Ans : C)

110. 'Control' function of management cannot be performed without–
(A) planning (B) organising (C) staffing. (D) motivation (Ans : A)

111. Expenditure incurred by a publisher for acquiring copyrights is a–
(A) capital expenditure (B) revenue expenditure
(C) deferred revenue expenditure (D) None of the above (Ans : A)

112. A very senior citizen shall be that individual for purpose of Income Tax whose age is More than following–
(A) 60 years (B) 75 years (C) 80 years (D) 82 years (Ans : C)

113. Classification of employees according to education and skill is called–
(A) two way (B) manifold (C) one way (D) time series (Ans : A)

114. If the cost of goods sold is Rs. 1,20;000 and the rate of gross loss is Rs. ¼ of sales the amount of sales is–
(A) Rs. 90,000 (B) Rs. 96,000 (C) Rs. 1,20,000 (D) Rs. 1,26,000 (Ans : B)

115. A valid definition of a business purpose is to–
(A) create a customer (B) maximise profits
(C) serve the society (D) increase the wealth of the firm (Ans : A)

116. In case of individual assessee, surcharge shall be levied only when income exceeds the following amount–
(A) Rs. one lakh (B) Rs. one crore
(C) Rs. ten lakh (D) None of the above (Ans : D)

117. If government spending is increased by Rs. 700 and taxes are increased by Rs. 700 the equilibrium level of income will–
(A) decrease by Rs. 700 (B) increase by Rs. 700
(C) not change (D) increase by Rs. 1400 (Ans : B)

118. Span of management means–
(A) a good organisation should consist of department
(B) authority of each person must be clearly defined
(C) each subordinate should have one superior
(D) a manager can supervise a limited number of executives (Ans : D)

119. Any balance in the share forfeiture account after all the forfeiture shares are re-issued should be–
(A) added to the paid up called (B) transferred to goodwill account
(C) transferred to capital reserve account
(D) should be shown in the balance sheet under the heading share forfeiture account (Ans : C)

120. How will you measure development of people ?,
(A) CPI (B) HRI (C) HDI (D) WPI (Ans : C)

121. According to convention of conservation the stock in trade is valued at–
(A) market price (B) cost price
(C) market price or cost price whichever is less
(D) market price or cost price whichever is more (Ans : C)

122. In an open economy, the national income (Y) of the economy is (C, I, G, X, M stand for Consumption, Investment, Government expenditure, total exports and total imports respectively)–
(A) Y = C + I + G + X
(B) Y = C + I + G – X + M
(C) Y = C + I + G + (X – M)
(D) Y = C + I – G + X – M (Ans : C)

123. The break even point is the point at which–
(A) there is no profit no loss (B) contribution margin is equal to total fixed cost
(C) total revenue is equal to total cost (D) All of the above (Ans : D)

124. When cash is Rs. 10,000, stock Rs. 25,000, investments Rs. 5,000 and creditors Rs. 22,000 and bank over-draft Rs. 8,000, the current ratio is–
(A) 2: 1 (B) 3: 4 (C) 4: 3 (D) 1: 1 (Ans : C)

125. Mean – mode = 3 (mean – …)–
(A) mean (B) median (C) mode (D) None of the above (Ans : B)


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short dress zalora,To get a short interval (1774-1792) a king of Portugal, Marie Antoinette, was likewise the king of style. Under her assistance, nevertheless, outfit appears to not have enhanced. Both kinds of gowns were still used, however they turned high however you like and far of the appeal was lost.When the individual dresses and bodices were worn the dresses were far cut and really complete. the big hoops were collected in the stomach and kept out them. They rarely had trains.

For that additional type of gown, the bodice, the Watteau and also the top drapery were cut-in one-piece and were used over an under-petticoat. As was the underpetticoat the sides of the overdress were often greatly adorned. The overdress was often cut to create a practice.

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Breath Easy with these techniques

Diaphragmatic Breathing

Correct breathing

§  Correct breathing enhances general health and results in thoracic pressure changes that assist the flow of lymph though the chest area.  Movement of the diaphragm and pressure changes in the thorax during breathing assist the return of lymph in the large collecting vessels.

§  Many people are disorganised breathers and use upper chest muscles instead of the diaphragm.

Are you a disorganised breather?

§  Put one hand on your abdomen between your lower ribs and navel and the other hand on your breastbone.  Take a DEEP breath so that your abdomen pushes out.

§  If you breathed in through your nose, your stomach expanded first and you felt minimal chest movement, you are breathing in a normal pattern.

§  If you breathed in fast through your mouth, your upper chest expanded first, and there was little movement in your abdomen, then you are a disorganised breather.

Correct breathing technique

§  Lie on your back with head supported. If you suffer from reflux or other condition where it is uncomfortable to lie flat, sit upright in a chair with hands in your lap.

§  With lips together, jaw relaxed, breathe in slowly through your nose and deeply into your abdomen (like inflating a balloon).  There should be minimal movement in the upper chest.

§  Relax and breathe out effortlessly through your nose

REMEMBER:  Lips together, jaw relaxed, breathe low and slow through the nose.

§  When your breathing pattern feels controlled and co-ordinated, count your breathing for 1 minute (1 breath equals 1 in and out).  Aim for 12 breaths per minute.

§  Keep your breathing relaxed and even, taking slightly longer to breathe out.

§  Try this breathing pattern while lying on your back, sitting up, standing and walking.  Breathe low and slow.

How often?

§  Practice while lying in bed at the beginning and end of the day, and every hour during the day.

§  Repetition will reinforce new healthy breathing patterns, but don’t become obsessive.

§  Tension and stress will increase muscular tension of the chest wall.

Note the changes

§  It may take a long time and regular practice to become confident and co-ordinated for your body to accept this new breathing pattern as normal.  You may feel the need to sigh, gulp for air or hyperventilate as your body adjusts.  With the stress of daily living, it is easy for your breathing to become disorganised again.

§  With commitment and determination your body will recognise the change as normal breathing.

REMEMBER: check, correct and forget.

Bradley, D. (2012). Hyperventilation Syndrome. Breathing disorders and how to overcome them. Auckland, New Zealand: Random House.