Helene Ori

Feet Difficulties

Achilles Tendon Repair Cast

Achilles Tendinitis Pain of the Achilles tendon commonly affects both competitive and recreational athletes, and the sedentary. The largest tendon in the body, the Achilles tendon, endures strain and risks rupture from running, jumping, and sudden acceleration or deceleration. Overuse, vascular diseases, neuropathy, and rheumatologic diseases may cause tendon degeneration. The hallmarks of Achilles tendon problems seem to be damaged, weak, inelastic tissue.

The Achilles tendon is most commonly injured by sudden plantarflexion or dorsiflexion of the ankle, or by forced dorsiflexion of the ankle outside its normal range of motion. Other mechanisms by which the Achilles can be torn involve sudden direct trauma to the tendon, or sudden activation of the Achilles after atrophy from prolonged periods of inactivity. Some other common tears can occur from overuse while participating in intense sports. Twisting or jerking motions can also contribute to injury. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, famously ciprofloxacin, are known to increase the risk of tendon rupture, particularly achilles.

Tendon strain or tendon inflammation (tendonitis) can occur from tendon injury or overuse and can lead to a rupture. Call your doctor if you have signs of minor tendon problems. Minor tenderness and possible swelling increases with activity. There is usually no specific event causing sudden pain and no obvious gap in the tendon. You can still walk or stand on your toes. Acute calf pain and swelling can indicate a tear or partial tear of the Achilles tendon where it meets the calf muscle. You may still be able to use that foot to walk, but you will need to see a specialist such as an orthopedic surgeon. Surgery is not usually done for partial tears. Sometimes special heel pads or orthotics in your shoes may help. Follow up with your doctor to check for tendonitis or strain before resuming activity, because both can increase the risk of tendon rupture. Any acute injury causing pain, swelling, and difficulty with weight-bearing activities such as standing and walking may indicate you have a tear in your Achilles tendon. Seek prompt medical attention from your doctor or emergency department. Do not delay! Early treatment results in better outcome. If you have any question or uncertainty, get it checked.

A typical history as detailed above together with positive clinical examination usually will clinch the diagnosis. In an acute rupture, one can usually feel the gap in the tendon from the rupture. There may be swelling or bruising around the ankle and foot of the injured leg. With the patient lying on the tummy (prone position) with the knee flexed, the examiner should see the ankle and foot flex downwards (plantarward) when squeezing the calf muscles. If there is no movement in the ankle and foot on squeezing the calf muscle, this implies that the calf muscle is no longer attached to the heel bone due to a complete Achilles tendon rupture.

Non Surgical Treatment
Non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture is usually reserved for patients who are relatively sedentary or may be at higher risk for complications with surgical intervention (due to other associated medical problems). This involves a period of immobilization, followed by range of motion and strengthening exercises; unfortunately, it is associated with a higher risk of re-rupture of the tendon, and possibly a less optimal functional outcome. Achilles Tendinitis

Surgical Treatment


Company Watch for Newfoundland Capital Corporation Limited (TSX:NCC.A)

Looking at shares of Newfoundland Capital Corporation Limited (TSX:NCC.A), the company has an EV (Enterprise Value) of 383279. Enterprise Value is a measure of the total value of a specific company. EV may often be employed as a more comprehensive alternative to simply tracking the market cap of a firm. Enterprise Value is commonly used by value investors to help spot undervalued companies. EV is typically considered a more accurate calculation of total company value because of the inclusion of debt obligations.

Investors may also be narrowing in on the MF Rank (Magic Formula) on shares of Newfoundland Capital Corporation Limited (TSX:NCC.A). Presently, Newfoundland Capital Corporation Limited has an MF Rank of 489. The Magic Formula was devised by hedge fund manager Joel Greenblatt. The formula was detailed in his book “The Little Book That Beats the Market”. The goal of the formula is to identify high quality companies that are trading at an attractive price. The formula uses ROIC and earnings yield ratios to help spot the undervalued quality stocks. The MF Rank combines the two ratios providing a ranking. Typically, companies with the lowest combined rank may be the higher quality selections.

Market investors may be zooming in on shares of Newfoundland Capital Corporation Limited (TSX:NCC.A). The company presently has a Gross Margin (Marx) ratio of 0.135679. Robert Novy-Marx has provided investors with insights on finding high-quality value stocks. Marx pointed to a high gross income ratio defining the quality of a company. Newfoundland Capital Corporation Limited has a Gross Margin score of 11. The Gross Margin score lands between 1 and 100 where a score of 1 would be seen as good, and a score of 100 would be considered bad. This score is based on the Gross Margin stability and growth over the previous 8 years.

Dedicated investors are constantly positioning themselves for the next great trading opportunity. Spotting value in the stock market may require a lot of hard work and dedication. Investors are constantly reviewing every bit of information available. This may include keeping close watch on fundamental and technical data. Newfoundland Capital Corporation Limited (TSX:NCC.A) has a current Value Composite Score of 12. Using a scale from 0 to 100, a lower score would represent an undervalued company and a higher score would indicate an expensive or overvalued company. This ranking was developed by James O’Shaughnessy using six different valuation ratios including price to book value, price to sales, EBITDA to EV, price to cash flow, price to earnings, and shareholder yield.

Following the ROIC (Return on Invested Capital) numbers, Newfoundland Capital Corporation Limited (TSX:NCC.A)’s ROIC is 0.821425. The ROIC 5 year average is 0.602232 and the ROIC Quality ratio is 8.319236. ROIC is a profitability ratio that measures the return that an investment generates for those providing capital. ROIC helps show how efficient a company is at turning capital into profits. ROIC may be a good measure to view when examining whether or not a company is able to invest wisely. ROIC may also be an important metric for the value investor who is trying to determine the company’s moat.


The Senate voted to confirm President Donald Trump's nominee for Secretary of the Interior with a vote of 68-31 Wednesday morning.

Ryan Zinke, a former Navy SEAL and two-term House member representing Montana's at-large district, has long been an ardent outdoorsman and has expressed his disdain for Republican-led efforts to sell public lands in the past.

However, he recently voted in favor of a rules change that made it easier for federally-owned lands to be transferred to state and local governments. The vote casts doubts on his dedication to preserving public lands, over 400 million acres of which will be under his purview as Interior Secretary.

Nonetheless, Zinke describes himself as a “Roosevelt conservationist” and promised throughout his confirmation hearing to oppose the transfer of public lands to private owners.

He supports enabling companies to drill for natural gas on public lands, a policy that some members of Congress have cited as a potential source of revenue for offsetting the cost of Trump's proposed trillion dollars spending in infrastructure.

Climate change activist and major Democratic party donor President Tom Steyer responded to Zinke's confirmation in a statement Wednesday morning:

“Ryan Zinke made his name in Congress as a fossil fuel industry sweetheart who will give private corporations free rein to exploit publicly owned lands for private profit.”

On the other hand, Zinke's confirmation was celebrated by Republican lawmakers after the vote, many of whom support his federal land management style that will encourage public use such as hunting, fishing, hiking, and camping.

House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) said in a statement Wednesday morning:

“Our great land is something we should be able to access, enjoy, and conserve. Secretary Zinke understands this delicate balance and has the right experience for the job, which made him the ideal choice to head the Department of the Interior.”

Zinke's confirmation marks the most recent victory for the Trump administration in a historically-slow confirmation process. The process has been deliberately slowed down by Senate Democrats who are unable to actually prevent the confirmation of Trump's nominees.

Speaking before Trump's joint address to Congress on Tuesday evening, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer said of the tactic:

“We've exposed the cabinet for what it is: a swamp cabinet of billionaires & bankers who lack competence.”

Zinke is the sixteenth Cabinet nominee to pass the Senate, leaving nine other Cabinet-level appointees still awaiting confirmation.


80 Following

Tellulah Darling

Sassy girls. Swoony boys. What could go wrong?

Baby just misses mark

Baby, Don't Go - Susan Andersen

Lots of suspension of disbelief here. That wasn't what brought my rating down though. I felt like the book couldn't decide if it wanted to be smart banter sexytime (yay) or descend into cheesy 80s romance language. It just had a bit of a split personality for me.


Titans is an elite unit of the Earth Federation Forces formed to combat violent Zeon supporters and prevent an incident like the One Year War from happening again. However, the Titans soon became corrupt and, due to the Earth Federation's unwillingness to step in, movements such as the Anti-Earth Union Group (AEUG) and Karaba were formed to combat them.

The Titans are the main antagonists of Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam.

Titans was established in UC 0083 after the conclusion of Operation Stardust. Their original intention was to defend the Earth Federation against supporters of the Principality of Zeon, as well as to investigate Zeon sympathizers. However, they eventually turned rogue, allying themselves with Axis Zeon in order to fight against the AEUG in an attempt to gain control over the Earth Sphere. They were all but wiped out by the AEUG at the end of the Gryps Conflict in UC 0088.

Some of the surviving members of the Titans watch in horror that the Titans are finished and some of them formed their own group while some of them join Axis.

  • The A-Laws from Gundam 00 and Blue Cosmos from Gundam Seed are remarkably similar to the Titans in both methods and philosophy.
           Gundam Villains

Principality of Zeon
Degwin Sodo Zabi | Gihren Zabi | Kycilia Zabi | Dozle Zabi | Garma Zabi | Char Aznable | Black Tri-Stars

Jamitov Hymem | Bask Om | Paptimus Scirocco | Jerid Messa | Yazan Gable | Four Murasame | Rosamia Badam | Reccoa Londe

Axis Zeon
Haman Karn | Mashymre Cello | Chara Soon | Glemy Toto | Ple Two

Glemy Faction
Glemy Toto | Ple Two

Neo Zeon
Char Aznable | Quess Paraya


Usenet has significant cultural importance in the networked world, having given rise to, or popularized, many widely recognized concepts and terms such as "FAQ", "flame", and "spam".[4]

Usenet was conceived in 1979 and publicly established in 1980, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University,[5][1] over a decade before the World Wide Web was developed and the general public received access to the Internet, making it one of the oldest computer network communications systems still in widespread use. It was originally built on the "poor man's ARPANET", employing UUCP as its transport protocol to offer mail and file transfers, as well as announcements through the newly developed news software such as A News. The name Usenet emphasized its creators' hope that the USENIX organization would take an active role in its operation.[6]

The articles that users post to Usenet are organized into topical categories known as newsgroups, which are themselves logically organized into hierarchies of subjects. For instance, sci.math and sci.physics are within the sci.* hierarchy, for science. Or, talk.origins and talk.atheism are in the talk.* hierarchy. When a user subscribes to a newsgroup, the news client software keeps track of which articles that user has read.[7]

In most newsgroups, the majority of the articles are responses to some other article. The set of articles that can be traced to one single non-reply article is called a thread. Most modern newsreaders display the articles arranged into threads and subthreads.

When a user posts an article, it is initially only available on that user's news server. Each news server talks to one or more other servers (its "newsfeeds") and exchanges articles with them. In this fashion, the article is copied from server to server and should eventually reach every server in the network. The later peer-to-peer networks operate on a similar principle, but for Usenet it is normally the sender, rather than the receiver, who initiates transfers. Usenet was designed under conditions when networks were much slower and not always available. Many sites on the original Usenet network would connect only once or twice a day to batch-transfer messages in and out.[8] This is largely because the POTS network was typically used for transfers, and phone charges were lower at night.

The format and transmission of Usenet articles is similar to that of Internet e-mail messages. The difference between the two is that Usenet articles can be read by any user whose news server carries the group to which the message was posted, as opposed to email messages, which have one or more specific recipients.[9]

ISPs, news servers, and newsfeeds

With the rise of the World Wide Web (WWW), web front-ends (web2news) have become more common. Web front ends have lowered the technical entry barrier requirements to that of one application and no Usenet NNTP server account. There are numerous websites now offering web based gateways to Usenet groups, although some people have begun filtering messages made by some of the web interfaces for one reason or another.[12][13]Google Groups[14] is one such web based front end and some web browsers can access Google Groups via news: protocol links directly.[15]

Moderated and unmoderated newsgroups

Historically, a mod.* hierarchy existed before Usenet reorganization.[18] Now, moderated newsgroups may appear in any hierarchy, typically with .moderated added to the group name.

Unmoderated newsgroups form the majority of Usenet newsgroups, and messages submitted by readers for unmoderated newsgroups are immediately propagated for everyone to see. Minimal editorial content filtering vs propagation speed form one crux of the Usenet community. One little cited defense of propagation is canceling a propagated message, but few Usenet users use this command and some news readers do not offer cancellation commands, in part because article storage expires in relatively short order anyway. Almost all unmoderated Usenet groups have become collections of spam.[20][21][22]

Technical details

The "Big Nine" hierarchies of Usenet

  • comp.* - computer-related discussions (comp.software, comp.sys.amiga)
  • humanities.* - fine arts, literature, and philosophy (humanities.classics, humanities.design.misc)
  • misc.* - miscellaneous topics (misc.education, misc.forsale, misc.kids)
  • news.* - discussions and announcements about news (meaning Usenet, not current events) (news.groups, news.admin)
  • rec.* - recreation and entertainment (rec.music, rec.arts.movies)
  • sci.* - science related discussions (sci.psychology, sci.research)
  • soc.* - social discussions (soc.college.org, soc.culture.african)
  • talk.* - talk about various controversial topics (talk.religion, talk.politics, talk.origins)

See also the Great Renaming.

Informal sub-hierarchy conventions also exist. *.answers are typically moderated cross-post groups for FAQs. An FAQ would be posted within one group and a cross post to the *.answers group at the head of the hierarchy seen by some as a refining of information in that news group. Some subgroups are recursive--to the point of some silliness in alt.*[].

Binary content

Binary retention time

This is a list of some of the biggest binary groups. With 1341+ days retention, the (binary) Usenet storage (which binsearch.info indexes) is more than 33 petabytes 33000 terabytes).[24]

Major NSPs have a retention time of more than 4 years.[25] This results in more than 33 petabytes (33000 terabytes) of storage.[26]

Legal issues

UUCP/Usenet Logical Map  --   June 1, 1981 / mods by S. McGeady November 19, 1981

| |                                   |  |
| |                wivax              |  |
| |                  |                |  |
| |         microsoft| uiucdcs        |  |
| |  genradbo      | | |  |           |  |           (Tektronix)
| |     |          | | |  | purdue    |  |
|       |   | |      |    | |     |   |  |                           |
|    csin   | |  |   |                   |                           |
|           |    |                                                        |
|           |    |                    pdp phs   grumpy  wolfvax           |
|           |    |                     |   |      |        |              |
|           |   |        bio       |                                      |
|           |   |  (Misc) |        |            (Misc)                    |
|           |   | sii  reed        |    dukgeri duke34  utzoo             |
|           |   |  |    |          |         |   |       |                |
|      |      |    |     |      |   |                       |         |   | u1100s
|                        |          |                       |         |   |   |
|                  red   |          |                       |         |   | pyuxh
|                   |    |          |     zeppo             |         |   |   |
|                allegra |          | |     |     |         |   |     |   |   |
|                 |   |  |  |               |  /            |            |    |
|    ucbopt           |  |    |                             |     |   esquire |
|       :             |  |    |                           cbosgd  |           |
|       :             |  |    |                                   |           |
|       :             |  |  |   mhuxa mhuxh mhuxj mhuxm mhuxv     |  |
|       :             |  |  |                                     |  |
|       :             |  |  |        |                            |
|    ucbcad           |  |  |      ihpss    mh135a                |
|       :             |  |  |        |         |                  |
|       :                |  |        |         |                  |
  (UCB) :            |        |              |          | (Silicon Valley)
     ucbarpa      cmevax      |              |        menlo70--hao
        :                     |              |        |    |
     ucbonyx                  |              |        |   sri-unix
                              |           ucsfcgl     |
                              |              |        |
-------                       |              |               |        |
=           "Bus"                  |       |        |
o           jumps               sdcarl  phonlab  sdcattb
:           Berknet
@           Arpanet

The Usenet Oldnews Archive: Compilation.[36]

Newsgroup experiments first occurred in 1979. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis of Duke University came up with the idea as a replacement for a local announcement program, and established a link with nearby University of North Carolina using Bourne shell scripts written by Steve Bellovin. The public release of news was in the form of conventional compiled software, written by Steve Daniel and Truscott.[5][37] In 1980, Usenet was connected to ARPANET through which had connections to both Usenet and ARPANET. Mark Horton, the graduate student who set up the connection, began "feeding mailing lists from the ARPANET into Usenet" with the "fa" ("From ARPANET"[38]) identifier.[39] Usenet gained 50 member sites in its first year, including Reed College, University of Oklahoma, and Bell Labs,[5] and the number of people using the network increased dramatically; however, it was still a while longer before Usenet users could contribute to ARPANET.[40]

UUCP networks spread quickly due to the lower costs involved, and the ability to use existing leased lines, X.25 links or even ARPANET connections. By 1983, thousands of people participated from more than 500 hosts, mostly universities and Bell Labs sites but also a growing number of Unix-related companies; the number of hosts nearly doubled to 940 in 1984. More than 100 newsgroups existed, more than 20 devoted to Unix and other computer-related topics, and at least a third to recreation.[41][5] As the mesh of UUCP hosts rapidly expanded, it became desirable to distinguish the Usenet subset from the overall network. A vote was taken at the 1982 USENIX conference to choose a new name. The name Usenet was retained, but it was established that it only applied to news.[42] The name UUCPNET became the common name for the overall network.

Early versions of Usenet used Duke's A News software, designed for one or two articles a day. Matt Glickman and Horton at Berkeley produced an improved version called B News that could handle the rising traffic (about 50 articles a day as of late 1983).[5] With a message format that offered compatibility with Internet mail and improved performance, it became the dominant server software. C News, developed by Geoff Collyer and Henry Spencer at the University of Toronto, was comparable to B News in features but offered considerably faster processing. In the early 1990s, InterNetNews by Rich Salz was developed to take advantage of the continuous message flow made possible by NNTP versus the batched store-and-forward design of UUCP. Since that time INN development has continued, and other news server software has also been developed.[44]

Public venue

Usenet was the first Internet community and the place for many of the most important public developments in the pre-commercial Internet. It was the place where Tim Berners-Lee announced the launch of the World Wide Web,[45] where Linus Torvalds announced the Linux project,[46] and where Marc Andreessen announced the creation of the Mosaic browser and the introduction of the image tag,[47] which revolutionized the World Wide Web by turning it into a graphical medium.

Internet jargon and history

Many jargon terms now in common use on the Internet originated or were popularized on Usenet.[48] Likewise, many conflicts which later spread to the rest of the Internet, such as the ongoing difficulties over spamming, began on Usenet.[49]

-- Gene Spafford, 1992

Sascha Segan of PC Magazine said in 2008 that "Usenet has been dying for years".[50] Segan said that some people pointed to the Eternal September in 1993 as the beginning of Usenet's decline. Segan believes that when pornographers and software crackers began putting large (non-text) files on Usenet by the late 1990s, Usenet disk space and traffic increased correspondingly. Internet service providers questioned why they needed to host space for pornography and unauthorized software. When the State of New York opened an investigation on child pornographers who used Usenet, many ISPs dropped all Usenet access or access to the alt.* hierarchy.[51]

In response, John Biggs of TechCrunch said "As long as there are folks who think a command line is better than a mouse, the original text-only social network will live on".[52]

AOL discontinued Usenet access in 2005. In May 2010, Duke University, whose implementation had kicked off Usenet more than 30 years earlier, decommissioned its Usenet server, citing low usage and rising costs.[53][54] After 32 years, the Usenet news service link at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (news.unc.edu) was retired on February 4, 2011.

Usenet traffic changes

Over time, the amount of Usenet traffic has steadily increased. As of 2010 the number of all text posts made in all Big-8 newsgroups averaged 1,800 new messages every hour, with an average of 25,000 messages per day.[55] However, these averages are minuscule in comparison to the traffic in the binary groups.[56] Much of this traffic increase reflects not an increase in discrete users or newsgroup discussions, but instead the combination of massive automated spamming and an increase in the use of .binaries newsgroups[55] in which large files are often posted publicly. A small sampling of the change (measured in feed size per day) follows:

Usenet traffic per day (en).svg
Daily Volume Daily Posts Date Source
4.5 GiB 1996 Dec Altopia.com
9 GiB 1997 Jul Altopia.com
12 GiB 554 k 1998 Jan Altopia.com
26 GiB 609 k 1999 Jan Altopia.com
82 GiB 858 k 2000 Jan Altopia.com
181 GiB 1.24 M 2001 Jan Altopia.com
257 GiB 1.48 M 2002 Jan Altopia.com
492 GiB 2.09 M 2003 Jan Altopia.com
969 GiB 3.30 M 2004 Jan Altopia.com
1.30 TB 2004-09-30 Octanews.net
1.38 TB 2004-12-31 Octanews.net
1.52 TiB 5.09 M 2005 Jan Altopia.com
1.34 TB 2005-01-01 Octanews.net
1.30 TB 2005-01-01 Newsreader.com
1.81 TB 2005-02-28 Octanews.net
1.87 TB 2005-03-08 Newsreader.com
2.00 TB 2005-03-11 Various sources
2.27 TiB 7.54 M 2006 Jan Altopia.com
2.95 TiB 9.84 M 2007 Jan Altopia.com
3.07 TiB 10.13 M 2008 Jan Altopia.com
3.80 TB 2008-04-16 Newsdemon.com
4.60 TB 2008-11-01 Giganews.com
4.65 TiB 14.64 M 2009 Jan Altopia.com
6.00 TB 2009 Dec Newsdemon.com
5.42 TiB 15.66 M 2010 Jan Altopia.com
8.00 TB 2010 Sep Newsdemon.com
7.52 TiB 20.12 M 2011 Jan Altopia.com
8.25 TB 2011 Oct Thecubenet.com
9.29 TiB 23.91 M 2012 Jan Altopia.com
11.49 TiB 28.14 M 2013 Jan Altopia.com
14.61 TiB 37.56 M 2014 Jan Altopia.com
15.50 TB 2014 Feb Newsdemon.com
17.50 TB 2015 Jan Newsdemon.com
17.87 TiB 44.19 M 2015 Jan Altopia.com
23.50 TB 2015 Nov Newsdemon.com
23.87 TiB 55.59 M 2016 Jan Altopia.com
27.80 TiB 64.55 M 2017 Jan Altopia.com

AOL announced that it would discontinue its integrated Usenet service in early 2005, citing the growing popularity of weblogs, chat forums and on-line conferencing.[60] The AOL community had a tremendous role in popularizing Usenet some 11 years earlier.[61]

In August 2009, Verizon announced that it would discontinue access to Usenet on September 30, 2009.[62][63]JANET(UK) announced it will discontinue Usenet service, effective July 31, 2010, citing Google Groups as an alternative.[64]Microsoft announced that it would discontinue support for its public newsgroups (msnews.microsoft.com) from June 1, 2010, offering web forums as an alternative.[65]

Some ISPs did not include pressure from Attorney General of New York Andrew Cuomo's aggressive campaign against child pornography as one of their reasons for dropping Usenet feeds as part of their services.[68] ISPs Cox and Atlantic Communications resisted the 2008 trend but both did eventually drop their respective Usenet feeds in 2010.[69][70][71]

Public archives of Usenet articles have existed since the early days of Usenet, such as the system created by Kenneth Almquist in late 1982.[72][73] Distributed archiving of Usenet posts was suggested in November 1982 by Scott Orshan, who proposed that "Every site should keep all the articles it posted, forever."[74] Also in November of that year, Rick Adams responded to a post asking "Has anyone archived netnews, or does anyone plan to?"[75] by stating that he was, "afraid to admit it, but I started archiving most 'useful' newsgroups as of September 18."[76] In June 1982, Gregory G. Woodbury proposed an "automatic access to archives" system that consisted of "automatic answering of fixed-format messages to a special mail recipient on specified machines."[77]

The huge site http://asstr.org archives and indexes erotic and pornographic stories posted to the Usenet group alt.sex.stories.

Today, the archiving of Usenet has led to a fear of loss of privacy.[83] An archive simplifies ways to profile people. This has partly been countered with the introduction of the X-No-Archive: Yes header, which is itself controversial.[84]

Archives by Google Groups and DejaNews

Google Groups hosts an archive of Usenet posts dating back to May 1981. The earliest posts, which date from May 1981 to June 1991, were donated to Google by the University of Western Ontario with the help of David Wiseman and others,[86] and were originally archived by Henry Spencer at the University of Toronto's Zoology department.[87] The archives for late 1991 through early 1995 were provided by Kent Landfield from the NetNews CD series[88] and Jürgen Christoffel from GMD.[89] The archive of posts from March 1995 onward was started by the company DejaNews (later Deja), which was purchased by Google in February 2001. Google began archiving Usenet posts for itself starting in the second week of August 2000.

Google has been criticized by Vice and Wired contributors as well as former employees for its stewardship of the archive and for breaking its search functionality.[90][91][92]

See also

  2. ^ The jargon file v4.4.7, Jargon File Archive.
  3. ^ Chapter 3 - The Social Forces Behind The Development of Usenet, Netizens Netbook by Ronda Hauben and Michael Hauben.
  5. ^ a b c d e Emerson, Sandra L. (October 1983). "Usenet / A Bulletin Board for Unix Users". BYTE. pp. 219-236. Retrieved 2015.
  9. ^ Kozierok, Charles M. (2005). The TCP/IP guide: a comprehensive, illustrated Internet protocols reference. No Starch Press. p. 1401. ISBN 978-159327-047-6
  10. ^ "Open Directory Usenet Clients". Dmoz.org. October 9, 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2010.
  14. ^ "Google Groups". Groups.google.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2010.
  16. ^ "Who can force the moderators to obey the group charter?". Big-8.org. Archived from the original on 2012-08-04. Retrieved 2010.
  17. ^ "How does a group change moderators?". Big-8.org. Archived from the original on 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2010.
  18. ^ "Early Usenet Newsgroup Hierarchies". Livinginternet.com. October 25, 1990. Archived from the original on 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2010.
  19. ^ "How to Create a New Big-8 Newsgroup". Big-8.org. July 7, 2010. Archived from the original on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 2010.
  20. ^ "The Social Machine: Designs for Living Online". Today, Usenet still exists, but it is an unsociable morass of spam, porn, and pirated software
  21. ^ "Unraveling the Internet's oldest and weirdest mystery". Groups filled with spam, massive fights took place against spammers and over what to do about the spam. People stopped using their email addresses in messages to avoid harvesting. People left the net.
  22. ^ "The American Way of Spam". ...many of the newsgroups have since been overrun with junk messages.
  24. ^ "Usenet storage is more than 33 petabytes (33000 terabytes)". binsearch.info. Archived from the original on 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2016.
  25. ^ "Giganews FAQ - How long are articles available?". Giganews.com. Archived from the original on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2012.
  26. ^ "9 petabyte of usenet storage on giganews.com". giganews.com. Archived from the original on 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2012.
  27. ^ "usenet backup (uBackup)". Wikihow.com. Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2012.
  29. ^ "Cancel Messages FAQ". Archived from the original on February 15, 2008. Retrieved 2009. ...Until authenticated cancels catch on, there are no options to avoid forged cancels and allow unforged ones...
  30. ^ Microsoft knowledgebase article stating that many servers ignore cancel messages "Support.microsoft.com". Archived from the original on 2012-07-19.
  31. ^ "Microsoft Word - Surmacz.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2010.
  32. ^ ...every part of a Usenet post may be forged apart from the left most portion of the "Path:" header... "By-users.co.uk". Archived from the original on 2012-07-23.
  33. ^ "Better living through forgery". Newsgroupnews.admin.misc. 1995-06-10. Usenet: StUPidfuk01@uunet.uu.net. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. Retrieved 2014.
  34. ^ "Giganews Privacy Policy". Giganews.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2010.
  35. ^ "Logging Policy". Aioe.org. June 9, 2005. Archived from the original on 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2010.
  36. ^ "Quux.org". Archived from the original on 2012-07-14. Retrieved 2010.
  37. ^ LaQuey, Tracy (1990). The User's directory of computer networks. Digital Press. p. 386. ISBN 978-1555580476
  38. ^ "And So It Begins".
  39. ^ "History of the Internet, Chapter Three: History of Electronic Mail".
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The Pet-Abuse.Com animal abuse database search is designed to allow your search to be as broad - or as detailed - as you wish. If you use several search criteria and find no results, you may wish to select fewer search criteria for more results.

If you are simply looking to browse animal cruelty cases, you may wish to go directly to the browse page and bypass the search fields.

When searching on multiple fields, the search returns results that match all of your criteria. For example, if you were to search on the animal type of cat and the cruelty type of shooting, and you check off the "animal was offleash or unconfined" checkbox, the search will return all cases that match the following:

Cases where the animal was a cat AND the cruelty type was shooting AND the animal was offleash or unconfined.

Selecting multiple fields

If you wish to search on multiple selections, such as animal type or cruelty type, simply hold down the control key on your PC (or the option key on your Macintosh), and click on the selections you wish to search for.

Multiple search terms work on an inclusionary basis, meaning if you select multiple types of animal cruelty, it will return results that match the first type OR the second OR the third, and so on. When used in conjunction with additional search fields, it will match all of the additional criteria with cases that match any of the multiple selections you have chosen. For example, if you were to select "cat" and "dog" from the animal type listbox, and "shooting" and "beating" from the abuse type list, the query would look like this:

Cases where the animal is a cat OR a dog AND where the abuse type is shooting OR beating.

Keyword Search

The keyword search supports multiple words, however it will search for cases containing ANY of the words you enter. For example, searching for "felony burning" will return results for cases containing "felony" OR "burning". For this reason, you should use the pre-defined search fields when possible to return the most accurate results. For example, searching for the word "felony" with the animal type criteria of "burning" will return much more accurate results.


The 17 Best Ways to Maintain Weight Loss

In fact, only about 20% of dieters who start off overweight end up successfully losing weight and keeping it off in the long term (1).

Why People Regain Weight

There are a few common reasons why people gain back the weight they lose. They are mostly related to unrealistic expectations and feelings of deprivation.
  • Restrictive diets: Extreme calorie restriction may slow your metabolism and shift your appetite-regulating hormones, which are both factors that contribute to weight regain (2).
  • Wrong mindset: When you think of a diet as a quick fix, rather than a long-term solution to better your health, you will be more likely to give up and gain back the weight you lost.
  • Lack of sustainable habits: Many diets are based on willpower rather than habits you can incorporate into your daily life. They focus on rules rather than lifestyle changes, which may discourage you and prevent weight maintenance.
Summary: Many diets are too restrictive with requirements that are difficult to keep up with. Additionally, many people don’t have the right mindset before starting a diet, which may lead to weight regain.

1. Exercise Often

Regular exercise plays an important role in weight maintenance.
It may help you burn off some extra calories and increase your metabolism, which are two factors needed to achieve energy balance (34).
It’s important to note that exercise is the most helpful for weight maintenance when it’s combined with other lifestyle changes, including sticking to a healthy diet (8).
Summary: Exercising for at least 30 minutes per day may promote weight maintenance by helping balance your calories in and calories burned.

2. Try Eating Breakfast Every Day

Eggs, Bacon and Sausage
Eating breakfast may assist you with your weight maintenance goals.
Breakfast eaters tend to have healthier habits overall, such as exercising more and consuming more fiber and micronutrients (91011).
Furthermore, eating breakfast is one of the most common behaviors reported by individuals who are successful at maintaining weight loss (1).
One study found that 78% of 2,959 people who maintained a 30-pound (14 kg) weight loss for at least one year reported eating breakfast every day (12).
However, while people who eat breakfast seem to be very successful at maintaining weight loss, the evidence is mixed.
Studies do not show that skipping breakfast automatically leads to weight gain or worse eating habits (131411).
In fact, skipping breakfast may even help some people achieve their weight loss and weight maintenance goals (15).
This may be one of the things that come down to the individual.
If you feel that eating breakfast helps you stick to your goals, then you definitely should eat it. But if you don’t like eating breakfast or are not hungry in the morning, there is no harm in skipping it.
Summary: Those who eat breakfast tend to have healthier habits overall, which may help them maintain their weight. However, skipping breakfast does not automatically lead to weight gain.

3. Eat Lots of Protein

Eating a lot of protein may help you maintain your weight, since protein can help reduce appetite and promote fullness (161718).
Protein’s effect on your hormones and fullness may automatically reduce the number of calories you consume per day, which is an important factor in weight maintenance (20).
Based on several studies, it appears that protein’s effects on metabolism and appetite are most prominent when about 30% of calories are consumed from protein. This is 150 grams of protein on a 2,000 calorie diet (21222324).
Summary: Protein may benefit weight maintenance by promoting fullness, increasing metabolism and reducing your total calorie intake.

4. Weigh Yourself Regularly

Feet on Bathroom Scales
Monitoring your weight by stepping on the scale on a regular basis may be a helpful tool for weight maintenance. This is because it can make you aware of your progress and encourage weight control behaviors (25).
Those who weigh themselves may also eat fewer calories throughout the day, which is helpful for maintaining weight loss (2625).
In one study, people who weighed themselves six days a week, on average, consumed 300 fewer calories per day than those who monitored their weight less frequently (26).
How often you weigh yourself is a personal choice. Some find it helpful to weigh in daily, while others are more successful checking their weight once or twice a week.
Summary: Self-weighing may aid weight maintenance by keeping you aware of your progress and behaviors.

5. Be Mindful of Your Carb Intake

Weight maintenance may be easier to accomplish if you pay attention to the typesand amounts of carbs that you eat.
Eating too many refined carbs, such as white bread, white pasta and fruit juices, can be detrimental to your weight maintenance goals.
These foods have been stripped of their natural fiber, which is necessary to promote fullness. Diets that are low in fiber are associated with weight gain and obesity (272829).
Limiting your carb intake overall may also help you maintain your weight loss. Several studies have found that, in some cases, those who follow low-carb diets after weight loss are more likely to keep the weight off in the long term (3031).
Additionally, people following low-carb diets are less likely to eat more calories than they burn, which is necessary for weight maintenance (32).
Summary: Limiting your intake of carbs, especially those that are refined, may help prevent weight regain.

6. Lift Weights

Reduced muscle mass is a common side effect of weight loss (33).
It can limit your ability to keep weight off, as losing muscle reduces your metabolism, meaning you burn fewer calories throughout the day (34).
Doing some type of resistance training, such as lifting weights, may help prevent this loss of muscle and, in turn, preserve or even improve your metabolic rate.
Studies show that those who lift weights after weight loss are more likely to keep weight off by maintaining muscle mass (6353637).
To receive these benefits, it is recommended to engage in strength training at least twice a week. Your training regimen should work all muscle groups for optimal results (38).
Summary: Lifting weights at least twice a week may help with weight maintenance by preserving your muscle mass, which is important to sustain a healthy metabolism.

7. Be Prepared for Setbacks

Summary: It is likely that you will encounter a setback or two after losing weight. You can overcome setbacks by planning ahead and getting back on track right away.

8. Stick to Your Plan All Week Long (Even on Weekends)

Weekly Planner and Pencil
If it becomes a regular habit, you could gain back more weight than you lost in the first place (39).
Alternatively, research shows that those who follow a consistent eating pattern all throughout the week are more likely to sustain weight loss in the long term (40).
Summary: Successful weight maintenance is easier to accomplish when you stick to your healthy eating habits all week long, including on weekends.

9. Stay Hydrated

Drinking water is helpful for weight maintenance for a few reasons.
For starters, it promotes fullness and may help you keep your calorie intake in check if you drink a glass or two before meals (414243).
In one study, those who drank water before eating a meal had a 13% reduction in calorie intake, compared to participants who didn’t drink water (41).
Additionally, drinking water has been shown to slightly increase the number of calories you burn throughout the day (4445).
Summary: Drinking water regularly may promote fullness and increase your metabolism, both important factors in weight maintenance.

10. Get Enough Sleep

Silver Alarm Clock
Getting enough sleep significantly affects weight control.
In fact, sleep deprivation appears to be a major risk factor for weight gain in adults and may interfere with weight maintenance (464748).
This is partly due to the fact that inadequate sleep leads to higher levels of ghrelin, which is known as the “hunger hormone” because it increases appetite (47).
Moreover, poor sleepers tend to have lower levels of leptin, which is a hormone necessary for appetite control (47).
Furthermore, those who sleep for short periods of time are simply tired and therefore less motivated to exercise and make healthy food choices.
If you’re not sleeping enough, find a way to adjust your sleep habits. Sleeping for at least seven hours a night is optimal for weight control and overall health (49).
Summary: Sleeping for healthy lengths of time may help with weight maintenance by keeping your energy levels up and hormones under control.

11. Control Stress Levels

Managing stress is an important part of controlling your weight.
In fact, high stress levels can contribute to weight regain by increasing levels of cortisol, which is a hormone released in response to stress (50).
Consistently elevated cortisol is linked to higher amounts of belly fat, as well as increased appetite and food intake (50).
Stress is also a common trigger for impulsive eating, which is when you eat even when you’re not hungry (51).
Fortunately, there are many things you can do to combat stress, including exercise, yoga and meditation.
Summary: It is important to keep stress levels under control to maintain your weight, as excess stress may increase the risk of weight gain by stimulating your appetite.

12. Find a Support System

Couple Getting Ready to Go for a Run
It can be difficult to maintain your weight goals alone.
One strategy to overcome this is to find a support system that will hold you accountable and possibly partner up with you in your healthy lifestyle.
A few studies have shown that having a buddy to pursue your goals with may be helpful for weight control, especially if that person is a partner or spouse with similar healthy habits (5253).
One of these studies examined the health behaviors of over 3,000 couples and found that when one person engaged in a healthy habit, such as exercise, the other was more likely to follow their example (53).
Summary: Involving a partner or spouse in your healthy lifestyle may boost the likelihood that you will maintain your weight loss.

13. Track Your Food Intake

Those who log their food intake in a journal, online food tracker or app may be more likely to maintain their weight loss (35545556).
Food trackers are helpful because they enhance your awareness of how much you are really eating, since they often provide specific information about how many calories and nutrients you consume.
Additionally, many food-tracking tools allow you to log exercise, so you can ensure you’re getting the amount you need to maintain your weight.
Here are some examples of calorie counting websites and apps.
Summary: Logging your food intake from day to day may help you maintain your weight loss by making you aware of how many calories and nutrients you’re eating.

14. Eat Plenty of Vegetables

High Fiber Vegetables
Several studies link high vegetable intake to better weight control (575859).
For starters, vegetables are low in calories. You can eat large portions without putting on weight, while still consuming an impressive amount of nutrients (405960).
Also, vegetables are high in fiber, which increases feelings of fullness and may automatically reduce the number of calories that you eat during the day (616263).
For these weight control benefits, aim to consume a serving or two of vegetables at every meal.
Summary: Vegetables are high in fiber and low in calories. Both of these properties may be helpful for weight maintenance.

15. Be Consistent

Consistency is key to keeping weight off.
Instead of on-and-off dieting that ends with going back to old habits, it is best to stick with your new healthy diet and lifestyle for good.
While adopting a new “way of life” may seem overwhelming at first, making healthy choices will become second nature when you get used to them.
Your healthier lifestyle will be effortless, so you’ll be able to maintain your weight much more easily.
Summary: Maintaining weight loss is simple when you are consistent with your new healthy habits, rather than going back to your old lifestyle.

16. Practice Mindful Eating

Brunette Enjoying Breakfast
Mindful eating is the practice of listening to internal appetite cues and paying full attention during the eating process.
It involves eating slowly, without distractions, and chewing food thoroughly so you can savor the aroma and taste of your meal.
When you eat this way, you are more likely to stop eating when you are truly full. If you eat while distracted, it can be difficult to recognize fullness and you may end up overeating (646566).
Studies show that mindful eating helps with weight maintenance by targeting behaviors that are commonly associated with weight gain, such as emotional eating (676869).
What’s more, those who eat mindfully may be able to maintain their weight without counting calories (69).
Summary: Mindful eating is helpful for weight maintenance because it helps you recognize fullness and may prevent unhealthy behaviors that commonly lead to weight gain.

17. Make Sustainable Changes to Your Lifestyle

The reason why many people fail at maintaining their weight is because they follow unrealistic diets that are not feasible in the long term.
They end up feeling deprived, which often leads to gaining back more weight than they lost in the first place once they go back to eating normally.
Maintaining weight loss comes down to making sustainable changes to your lifestyle.
This looks different for everyone, but essentially it means not being too restrictive, staying consistent and making healthy choices as often as possible.
Summary: It is easier to maintain weight loss when you make sustainable lifestyle changes, rather than following the unrealistic rules that many weight loss diets focus on.

The Bottom Line

However, there are plenty of simple changes you can make to your habits that are easy to stick with and will help you maintain your weight loss in the long term.

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Workload Planning (Enterprise)

The workload planning feature is available in every course section (Enterprise) to help teachers determine student workload in Schoology.

This tool aggregates assignments and other materials across your students' courses and displays the number of assignments due on a given day. It may be useful when scheduling tests and projects, planning lessons, and understanding how much time your students have to work on something you plan to assign.

To use Workload Planning, select a number of items to use as the threshold of items due from the dropdown at the top of the page. For example, in the image below, the teacher has kept the default Student Workload to "2 or more items." The grid in the Workload Planning area will be color-coded based on this number: when members of the course have the number of assignments that you have set due on a given day, the cell corresponding to that day and student will be shaded yellow. If the number of items due is one more than the number you have set, it will be orange. When the number of items meets or exceeds two items over the threshold you have set, the cell will be shaded red.

The top table displays a summary of student information. For example, in the image below, 9 out of 11 members in the course section have two or more items due in Schoology on Monday. That is 82% of the members in the course!

The Student Breakdown table displays the workload for each individual student. The first student has two graded items due on Monday. Clicking on the number will further display each graded item assigned to the student.

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BACK Main Directory > Aged Care & Disability > Omega 3 and antidepressants 'could help' avoid dementia, depression

Omega 3 and antidepressants 'could help' avoid dementia, depression

03 March, 2014

A University of Sydney study is looking into the effectiveness of omega-3 supplements and the antidepressant, sertraline, in reducing depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in older people, in a bid to prevent the onset of depression and dementia in later life.

The research, led by the University's Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI), is evaluating the effects of the two substances in preventing degenerative changes in brain matter, based on the abundance of literature linking depression with changes in the brain's blood vessels, oxidative stress and with other factors that are known to be protective for the brain.

Depression and anxiety affects three million Australians every year, and between ten and 15 percent of older people experience depression, while around ten per cent experience anxiety. Rates of depression among people living in residential aged-care facilities are believed to be much higher, at around 35 per cent.

Alarmingly, one in ten Australians aged 65 and over had dementia in 2011, while three in 10 Australians aged 85 and over had dementia in 2011. An estimated 322,000 Australians were estimated to have dementia in 2013. Based on projections of population ageing and growth, the number of people with dementia will reach almost 400,000 by 2020, and around 900,000 by 2050.

Study lead, Associate Professor Sharon Naismith, said the work was one of very few projects in the world looking into ways to prevent onset of depression and dementia in older populations.

"Over the last decade, our BMRI team has demonstrated that the cognitive, brain scanning (MRIs) and clinical features of late-life depression are linked with brain disease and cognitive decline," she said.

"These changes are in turn linked to disability, functional decline and progression to dementia.

"Importantly, major depression in older people can now be detected earlier, through the tracking of depressive symptoms, and there is recognition internationally that prevention trials are now urgently warranted."

The study utilises the "Beyond Ageing cohort", a group of older persons with depressive symptoms who are scanned regularly through MRIs. The first group of 60 older adults 'at-risk' of depression were randomised to receive either omega 3 supplementation or placebo for 12-weeks.

Participants underwent MRI brain imaging, medical and neuropsychological assessments at the start of the trial and again after 12-weeks of supplementation. The results showed that participants taking the placebo had greater brain matter changes (specifically glutathione/creatine ratio in the thalamus) after the 12-week intervention, which, correlated with increased severity of depressive symptoms.

"Our findings offer promise for the prevention of depression in older people and the brain changes leading to depression, cognitive decline and dementia," Associate Professor Naismith said.

"We are not always sure what brain white matter change is due to but they can be due to vascular damage (from hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disease) or could instead be inflammatory. The presence of such changes on MRI is commonly seen in people who have depression in later life.

"We hope that the use of fish oils will stabilise this inflammation and support the brain vascular system, thereby also preventing depression and cognitive decline."

The trial will conclude in 2016.

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S05E05 Contingency Summary

Lincoln becomes frustrated as he tries to understand what really happened to Michael. C-Note has a new escape plan, but fears it will not be executed quickly enough, as Cyclops is trailing closely behind. Meanwhile, Sara struggles with the idea that Michael may be alive.

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