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Slavery And The Constitution Essay Example

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Slavery and the Constitution

Lesson 5 Essay
Slavery and the Constitution

From the year 1780 through approximately 1815 many people in the United States were at war. While so many people were fighting for their independence the African Americans were fighting for their own freedom and independence from slavery, while being forced to fight for others freedom at the same time. Even the freed African Americans fought long and hard for their loved ones that had fallen victim to slavery. While so many people in the southern states and very few in the north were still for slavery many were hell bent against it.

Many people during this time thought that slavery should be abolished. However, just because these individuals thought slavery should be done away with does not mean that every one of them actually voiced their concerns and stood up for the slaves. For example, George Washington was a slave owner himself, but after fighting a huge battle for his own independence he soon began rethinking being a slave owner. Washington never voiced his opinion on slavery, but freed every one of his slaves in his will. Many people thought that slavery should be abolished because of the way that it violated the slave’s human rights and gave the so called masters total control and the ability to dictate. Phyllis Wheatley was one of the many people that fought for the enslaved African American. Phyllis was a writer who wrote and spoke about the injustice of slavery. James Otis was a white colonist that believed slavery was “a huge violation of the law of nature.” John Allen shares the same beliefs as Otis and did all that he could to let his voice be heard and free slaves.

Many people, especially those in the south, believed that slavery should continue. Slave owners in the south were all for slavery continuing because it was much cheaper than having to hire laborers to harvest their crops and fields. Many people in the north were supporters of slavery too, because they faced major profits.

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Ryner Lute Grade 10 Global Studies SlaverySlavery is a system under which people are treated as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to work. Slaves can be held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase or birth, and deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to demand compensation. Slavery began in prehistoric times and has been practiced ever since. The slavery of ancient times reached its peak in Greece and the Roman Empire. During the middle Ages, slavery declined. Then, during the 1500's and 1600's, the colonization of the New World by Europeans resulted in a great expansion of slavery . Changing moral attitudes about slavery helped cause its decline during the 1800's. The United States abolished slavery in 1865. Today, slavery is illegal in almost every country in the world. But slavery still exists in parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. Congress, using powers granted by Article I, Section 9, of the Constitution banned importation of slaves in 1808 but this did not affect those already in the United States or those yet to be born. Slavery has a number of subcategories; these include Bride-buying, Child labor, Debt bondage, human trafficking, Sexual slavery . Sweatshop and Wage slavery . The start of slavery .

1015 Words | 3 Pages

Slavery has been in the United States early as 1619. Slaves were brought to America for one thing and one thing only, money. Tobacco took a great amount of work to harvest, but with the slaves help it all got completed. Slaves cost at least three more times than a regular servant for the reason that slavery was their life, it was their job. Regular servants finished their ‘slavery ’ time in about 4 years. Slavery really got across the whole country as time passed, and in 1670 the crop, tobacco, took over the nation. In fact, slavery didn’t really come into play in the laws until the 1660s. In the early 1680s Virginia wanted to alter what a slave was, earlier defined by the House of Burgess. The Europeans saw African Americans as human beings, but their actions towards them did not say the same. Slaves that used to be put to work while on the ships did not appreciate it at all. Almost 15% of the slaves on the ship die on their way to a destination due to no food or by just being sick. The ship was so small sometimes that the slaves had to be on top of each other. The owners of the ships tried to get as many slaves on the ships as possible so when they got to their destination they would sell the excess slaves. Since Africa had so many in it, that was the usual target to get slaves and bring them back to the land. By the early 1700s African Americans took over one fifth of the population in America. With.

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on Slavery Racism in the United States didn’t start with slavery in the 1800s but it has been an existing problem in our nation from the beginning. From Andrew Jackson’s decision to move the Native Americans westward to Thomas Jefferson’s “Notes on the State of Virginia,” the white people of this nation have always thought of themselves as superior. Looking back at the history of the United States, none of these acts of racism compare to the pre-civil war era in the early 1800s. George Fitzhugh advocates slavery in his work “The Universal Law of Slavery .” In this piece, Fitzhugh claims that the African American race is improvident and a burden to society therefore society has the right to protect themselves by subjecting all African Americans to domestic slavery . One of the main reasons the African American race was viewed as inferior was because they were not educated. Fitzhugh justifies his beliefs by claiming that slaves of the South are some of the happiest and freest people in the world, for in Africa they would be treated much crueler. The law expresses that slaves do not lack care or labor propelling them to heights of liberty that Africans do not have. Some would even claim that African Americans were treated better as slaves in America than free people in Africa. While this argument may have been compelling in the 1800s, I believe that this reasoning is quite preposterous. The United States.

747 Words | 4 Pages

Selem 1 Demyana Selem History 11 23 March 2012 Slavery in America Almost every person in the United States who has been educated has heard or learned a little bit about slavery in some sort of way, however, most people do not know where slavery first began, what the cause was, and how it affected our country. Slavery did not begin in the United States as most people would think, but it has been a long system of labor going back to the ancient world of Egypt, Greece, Rome, and China. The method of capturing and then trading people had become a regular part of society in recorded history. Before the trade of Africans to America, Muslims from the Middle East bought and sold millions of slaves from Hungary to Southeastern Asia and the Far East. People did not think of slavery as anything special or out of the ordinary when the Portuguese and Spanish first brought slaves to work in the gold mines of Central America and the Caribbean islands in 1503 because they had already been aware of slavery from ancient times. In the New world, slaves were used to work in the sugar, tobacco, cotton, and rice plantations creating a new economy and industry. The slave trade brought so much profit to the economy and had a huge part in the United States and Western Europe becoming dominant nations of the world. After 1730, more and more North American and English traders began getting more involved.

3161 Words | 9 Pages

The most well known cases of slavery occurred during the settling of the United States of America. From 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery was allowed within our country. Slavery abolitionists attempted to end slavery . which at some point; they were successful at doing so. This paper will take the reader a lot of different directions, it will look at slavery in a legal aspect along the lines of the constitution and the thirteenth amendment, and it will also discuss how abolitionists tried to end slavery . This paper will also discuss how slaves were being taken away from their families and how their lives were affected after. Beginning in the 1830s, white abolitionists attempted to prove that American slaves suffered physically, emotionally, and spiritually at the hands of those who claimed their ownership (Pierson, 2005). Like those that were seen in our American literature text book. Not only did they suffer from those things, but they also lost his dog. The term slave is defined as a person held in servitude as the chattel of another, or one that is completely passive to a dominating influence. The most well known cases of slavery occurred during the settling of the United States of America. From 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery was allowed within our country. Slavery abolitionists attempted to end slavery . which at.

2883 Words | 7 Pages

SLAVERY OLIVIA C. WUJEK UNITED STATES HISTORY (G) MR. BACKHURST FEBRUARY 26, 2013 The main cause of the splitting between the Union and the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 was the growing issue of slavery in the south. Although slavery was a great ordeal and root cause of the Civil War, there is a Lost Cause myth that blossomed in the era of Jim Crow within the south. Followers of the Lost Cause believe that the slavery did not affect the feud and the south seceded to defend states rights.1 Abraham Lincoln was not biased on the topic of slavery and fought for other reasons like preserving the Union. Although the lack of states rights was a major problem, slavery was an ongoing situation that caused much disagreement within the Union. The north and south were very different economically. With the growth of the economy from the cotton boom in the south in the early 1800’s came the expansion of slave labor.2 Because of such a great expansion, the environment and health of the slaves became inadequate. The conditions on the plantations were extremely harsh. For example, sugar plantations worked the slaves to death.3 The act of enslaving human beings, beating them, and putting them under such severe conditions to the point of death is not only morally wrong but a complete contradiction to the United States’ Declaration of Independence.

1467 Words | 8 Pages

Slavery and Freedom: the Contradiction of the Formation of the Constitution and the Foundation of America. America is seen as the formation of freedom and the foundation of a world filled with opportunities was formed from slavery . The dehumanization of Africans began with the institution of slavery which began with the formation of the United States. With the introduction of plantations, slavery became popular during the 16th and 17th centuries on Brazilian and Caribbean sugar plantations. European colonists used slaves to work unbearable hours on the plantations. One of the first accounts of slavery occurred when a Dutch slave trader exchanged his slaves for food in the year 1619. Racial based slavery was not established until 1680. Indentured servants refused to work under the grueling conditions and the long hours, and this lead to the accepted notion of slavery . Slavery was seen as a social status, colonies of high social status had slaves. Colonists who had become dependent on African Americans for their labor feared what life would be like without slaves and they also feared social upheaval from below. The numbers of slaves outnumbered the colonists and the fear that these Africans with their “brute” strength might overrun them. During the 1600’s slaves were worth as much as $27 and for the amount of work they did they were worth much more.

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century, slavery began to assume greater importance as a national issue. Many leaders had anticipated that slavery would die out. As late as 1808, when the international slave trade was abolished, many thought that slavery would soon end. But during the next generation, the South became fully involved with slavery as new economic factors made slavery far more profitable than it had been before 1790. Abraham Lincoln once said “….try to show, that it is wrong, wrong in direct effect, letting slavery in Kansas and Nebraska…..allowing it to spread to every other part of the wide world….” The Reform Movement was movements to fix the problems in American Society in1830s & 1840s. The number one problem that had to be fixed was the issue of slavery . The abolitionist movement wanted the immediate end of slavery . The American Colonization Society bought slaves from their owners and sent them back to Liberia, Africa which was an American colony. The Underground Railroad was a series of safe houses that runaway slaves can escape through for their freedom. The Great Compromiser, Henry Clay, came up with the Missouri Compromise. Missouri would enter the union as a slave state and Maine would enter the union as a free state. This would keep the balance of the Free states and slave states in the senate. Every state North of 36⁰30’ will be free with the exception of Missouri.

549 Words | 2 Pages

Other articles

Slavery and the Constitution

Slavery and The Constitution

Notes from the Constitutional Convention on the slave trade, August 21, 1787

Background. During the Constitutional Convention, James Madison took notes on what the participants said. This portion of his notes focuses on the debate about the slave trade.

Directions. Read the summary of Madison's notes. As you read, identify whether the speaker is for or against the slave trade.

Mr. Luther Martin (of Maryland). It was inconsistent (opposed; goes against) with the principles of the revolution and dishonorable to the American character to have such a feature (the slave trade) in the Constitution.

Mr. John Rutledge (of South Carolina). The true question at present is whether the Southern states shall or shall not be parties to the Union. If the Northern states consult their interest, they will not oppose the increase of slaves, which will increase the commodities (goods; products) of which they will become the carriers.

Mr. Oliver Ellsworth (of Connecticut). Let every state import what it pleases. The morality (worthiness) or wisdom of slavery are considerations belonging to the states themselves. The old Confederation had not meddled (interfered) with this point, and he did not see the (need) for bringing it within the policy of the new one.

Let us not intermeddle (interfere). As population increases, poor laborers will be so plenty as to render slaves useless. Slavery, in time, will not be a speck in our country.

Mr. Charles Pinckney (of South Carolina). South Carolina can never receive the plan if it prohibits the slave trade.

South Carolina and Georgia cannot do without slaves. As to Virginia, she will gain by stopping the importations. He admitted that it would be reasonable that slaves should be taxed like other imports; but should consider a rejection of the clause as an exclusion of South Carolina from the Union.

Mr. Roger Sherman (of Connecticut). He disapproved of the slave trade; yet as the states were now possessed of the right to import slaves, and as it was expedient (useful) to have as few objections as possible to the proposed government, he thought it best to leave the matter as we find it. He observed that the abolition (end) of slavery seemed to be going on in the United States.

Col. George Mason (of Virginia). This infernal (evil) slave trade originated in the avarice (greed) of British merchants. The present question concerns not the importing states alone, but the whole Union. Maryland and Virginia he said, had already prohibited the importation of slaves expressly. North Carolina had done the same in substance. All this would be in vain if South Carolina and Georgia be at liberty to import. The Western people are already calling for slaves for their new lands. (slavery) brings the judgment of Heaven on a country. He held it essential in every point of view, that the general government should have power to prevent the increase of slavery.

Look at the chart below and answer the following questions.

  • What does the chart below show?
  • What do think a census is?
  • Which states had large slave populations (numbers or percentages)?
  • Which states had small slave populations?
  • In what area of the country are those states found? (Look at the map below the chart if you don't know the answer).

Article 1 - The Legislative Branch

Section 9 - Limits on Congress
The Migration (movement) or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited (stopped) by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

Writing a Thesis and Supporting it with Evidence

A thesis is the main argument of a piece of historical writing. It is what you want the reader of your paper to believe. To help make your thesis convincing, you will need to support your argument with evidence and analysis. Evidence and its analysis are the facts, examples, ideas and “proof” you use to back up your argument. In history evidence should largely come from the primary source documents you are studying.

A. Models of a thesis statement with a preview of evidence
1) Los Angeles is a good place to live because it has nice weather, lots of entertainment, and interesting people.
2) Los Angeles is a terrible place to live because it has far too many people, too much violent crime, and is too expensive.

What are you noticing about these two examples?

B. An example of a thesis relating to an historical topic
The Roman Empire declined due to barbarian invasions, corrupt leaders, and economic problems.

What do you notice about this example?

C. Practice
Respond to the following question by copying the text and filling in the blanks.

Should students study history in middle school?

Students __________________________ study history in middle school because ____________________________________, _________________________________, and ________________________________________________________.

Respond to the following question by writing a thesis statement with three supporting pieces of evidence.

Who was the most important person in American history?

What questions do you still have about thesis statements and evidence?

The Founders and the Slave Trade

Background: In 1787 twelve states sent delegates to Philadelphia for a Constitutional Convention. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention disagreed about many issues. One issue that they disagreed about was the slave trade. By reading the debates on the slave trade and Article 1 Section 9 of the Constitution, you can see what the Founders thought and decided about the slave trade. Based on these two sources, answer the following question.

Prompt: Were the Founders for or against the slave trade?

Task: Write a paragraph in which you:
1. Write a clear thesis statement that addresses the question.
2. Provide at least three pieces of evidence from the documents to support your argument.

Suggested Vocabulary: (Use at least 5 of the words in your paragraph)
slave trade
political or politics

Prostituting the Constitution Essay examples - Exploratory Essays Res

Prostituting the Constitution Essay examples

Prostituting the Constitution

It has become fashionable to propose amendments to the constitution for all imaginable causes. Thus the nation's charter is endangered by a barrage of new and unworthy ideas offered up by opportunistic politicians seeking to exploit popular passions.

Indeed, constitutional reform seems to be the hot topic around Washington and in the writings of both liberal and conservative journalists across the country. No longer is it suitable for legislation to follow the normal means of entering into law - ratification by both House and Senate, pending the signature of the President. Rather, this new breed of constitutional reformers seeks to undermine this very process, not to mention the Constitution itself, with their volley of proposed amendments. Proponents of such congressional reform bitterly deny that the sanctity of the Constitution is ever tarnished in the midst of their attempts to update the Constitution to reflect pressing social issues. These proponents contend that the very proposals with which they seek to indelibly stain the Constitution are comparable to those other amendments added to the Constitution in its history. In other words, current policy issues merit equal attention with amendments such as those which eradicated the poll tax or secured suffrage for all Americans.

Whether or not there exists an equality between those problems plaguing contemporary society and those thought ageless in the eighteenth century is difficult to assess. Nonetheless, assuming that issues such as abortion, school prayer, flag burning, term limits, and the balanced budget deserve the attention that they have received in Washington, it remains to be argued convincingly that th.

. middle of paper.

. t say that the policies themselves proposed to become permanent fixtures in the Constitution are flawed. Rather, it is to say that such hysteria is merely empty symbolism, and a way to clutter the Constitution with dubious prose. For instance, there very well ought to be means to ensure that the government operates with a balanced budget, or that the rights of those who wish to pray in school are protected.

However, as of yet, it has not been demonstrated that these mere issues of domestic policy warrant inclusion in the nation's most sacred document. Politicians ought to return to the Constitution with heartfelt resolve, seeking from it inspiration and guidance. The Constitution ought never to become the prostitute of two-bit politicians across the nation who, in the dire moments of reelection, call upon its sacred name to secure their own futures.

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Document Detail

MedLine Citation:
PMID:  18005995     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE
To date, explanations for the origin and emergence of the alphabet of amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code have been largely qualitative and speculative. Here, with the help of computational chemistry, we present the first quantitative exploration of nature's "choices" set against various models for plausible alternatives. Specifically, we consider the chemical space defined by three fundamental biophysical properties (size, charge, and hydrophobicity) to ask whether the amino acids that entered the genetic code exhibit a higher diversity than random samples of similar size drawn from several different definitions of amino acid possibility space. We found that in terms of the properties studied, the full, standard set of 20 biologically encoded amino acids is indeed significantly more diverse than an equivalently sized group drawn at random from the set of plausible, prebiotic alternatives (using the Murchison meteorite as a model for pre-biotic plausibility). However, when the set of possible amino acids is enlarged to include those that are produced by standard biosynthetic pathways (reflecting the widespread idea that many members of the standard alphabet were recruited in this way), then the genetically encoded amino acids can no longer be distinguished as more diverse than a random sample. Finally, if we turn to consider the overlap between biologically encoded amino acids and those that are prebiotically plausible, then we find that the biologically encoded subset are no more diverse as a group than would be expected from a random sample, unless the definition of "random sample" is adjusted to reflect possible prebiotic abundance (again, using the contents of the Murchison meteorite as our estimator). This final result is contingent on the accuracy of our computational estimates for amino acid properties, and prebiotic abundances, and an exploration of the likely effect of errors in our estimation reveals that our results should be treated with caution. We thus present this work as a first step in quantifying and thus testing various origin-of-life hypotheses regarding the origin and evolution of life's amino acid alphabet, and advocate the progress that would add valuable information in the future.
Yi Lu; Stephen J Freeland
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Publication Detail:
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of theoretical biology     Volume:  250     ISSN:  1095-8541     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Theor. Biol.     Publication Date:  2008 Jan
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2007-12-25     Completed Date:  2008-04-11     Revised Date:  2008-11-21
Medline Journal Info:
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  349-61     Citation Subset:  IM
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 25250, USA.
Export Citation:
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MeSH Terms
Amino Acids / biosynthesis,  chemistry*,  genetics
Computational Biology / methods
Evolution, Molecular*
Genetic Variation
Models, Chemical
Models, Genetic*
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Amino Acids

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What is Telepsychiatry?

Telepsychiatry is a new way for you to see the doctor without having to spend the time and gas money to drive to Idyllwild for your appointment. Telepsychiatry uses the latest in modern videoconferencing technology to allow you to meet with the doctor remotely over the Internet using a computer.

Telepsychiatry is a form of telemedicine, which is essentially the delivery of health care through some form of televideo equipment. Not to be mistaken as an entirely different field of medicine altogether, telemedicine is merely a new form of delivery of health care.

The first recorded use of telemedicine was in the 1950s when radiology images were sent over telephone lines. Today, telemedicine, including telepsychiatry, has successfully been integrated into medical practices all over the country and the world, allowing providers to serve patients in underserved communities and those who wouldn't be able to travel the necessary distance to otherwise receive the care they needed.

Your Telepsychiatry Appointment

In your telepsychiatry appointment, you and the doctor will meet face to face and in real time, just as in an in-person appointment, only you'll be sitting in two different locations: he at his office and you at home or an appropriate nearby facility. All that's needed for a telepsychiatry appointment is a computer with a broadband ("high speed") internet connection and a webcam. As you and the doctor speak, you will see each other conversing on the screen in the front of you, your voices being transmitted through your respective microphones and received through the other's speakers or headphones.

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A psychiatrist relies heavily on body language and visual cues a patient gives in addition to their words. Over the telephone, the doctor can only hear your voice and so is limited in how well he can read the subtler nonverbal cues you may exhibit about what's going on. Telepsychiatry puts the visual element back into the appointment, so the doctor can read your face and other visual signals as you speak, making him better able to assess your situation and help you more fully.

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Your Security

Our telepsychiatry system uses the tightest security protocols to ensure your privacy and confidentiality, the same as we do all our patients. All electronic interactions between patients and health care providers are subject to the same stringent federal and state privacy and confidentiality regulations, including HIPAA. Our telemedicine technologies and security protocols are all HIPAA compliant.

As he would for an in-person appointment, the doctor will furnish you with a complete privacy policy prior to your appointment and maintain a complete and confidential medical record of your sessions and your care.

The only element of security in telepsychiatry for which the doctor cannot be held responsible is the security on your end of the transmission. Whether you conduct your appointment from home or a third-party facility, it is the patient's responsibility to ensure the security of the computer and Internet connection and the privacy of your location during and throughout your appointment.

Common Questions About Telepsychiatry

Can I use telepsychiatry to see the doctor if I am out of state?

Only California residents can see the doctor, whether in-person or via telepsychiatry. A California resident temporarily out-of-state may be able to have their appointment at their temporary location, but an out-of-state resident, even if they're currently within the California borders, cannot be a patient of this office.

How much does a telepsychiatry appointment cost?

The cost for a telepsychiatry appointment with the doctor is the same as for an in-person appointment in his Idyllwild office. Patient are held to the same policies regarding cancellations and missed appointments for telepsychiatry appointments as for in-person appointments.

Telepsychiatry Plus

Our telepsychiatry services work hand-in-hand with our use of other cutting-edge technologies for your benefit and convenience, including online scheduling of your own appointments and online prescription refill requests.
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Conflict management contributes to understanding of current events

Research Paper

Select an article, or a series of articles, from one or more newspapers or magazines from the past three months, and think about how the study of conflict management contributes to your understanding of current events such as the one you have selected. Choose at least two authors from the topics you have studied in this course, and apply their theories to the selected current event. Remember to base your paper on the authors' theories and not your personal opinion.

Research is an integral part of learning, providing students with the means to "investigate, explain, defend and argue" an academic issue which applies to their field of interest. As you prepare your research paper, you and your team-members will want to be mindful of the following guidelines:

Your topic must be related to the course of study. You will have greater success if you select a topic that interests you and can be applied to your professional/personal life.

- Your paper should be formulated according to the APA style of documentation.

- You must cite the sources of all ideas, facts and information you use that are not your own, even if you have put the information into your own words. Failure to do so is plagiarism, even if the oversight is unintentional.

- Supporting your thesis is central to the task of writing a research paper. In scholarly writing, you are not merely copying information from another author, but using evidence to support the contentions and conclusions you have drawn from your findings and critical analysis of related literature.

- We recommend that you retain your research notes and rough notes so that, if a question arises as to the actual source and its location, you will be able to address that question in a timely manner. In addition, you should retain at least one duplicate copy of your final research paper, just in case the first copy becomes lost or misplaced.

Thank for help~

Solution Preview

The current event selected is the recent conflict in Libya whereby citizens decided to rebel against the regime. The crisis has been playing out for a number of months and there are various articles that have been written about the situation in the country. Conflict occurred in the country as other Arabic countries such as Egypt also rebelled against sitting governments. The situation in Libya has been widely publicized thus it is a good event to use in conflict management theories.

The conflict in Libya has been attributed to various causes such as the economy and democracy. Voigt (2011) argues that the Libya's vast oil is a resource curse since the country depends on oil. The article attributes the uprising in Libya to the country's resources stating that funds received from the oil went to corrupt leaders and that the majority of the population does not share in the wealth and this led to conflict in Libya and other oil rich countries. The article goes ahead to question whether the unrest in country will lead to democracy or renewed violence.

Galtung (2011) on the hand believes that the uprising in Libya is a lost cause since people have refused to learn from history. This is because the author of the article believes that democracy cannot be imposed on a population and the country remains stable. There are two major groups in Libya that include Sirte clan and Benghazi Clan and that imposing 'stable secular democracy' would result in the groups fighting against each other. When two groups have different interests they cannot work together since each considers its goals.

The Transitional National Council is viewed as unable to unite and control different elements. The various elements comprising Libya's rebellion are at difference with each other and they seem on the verge to fight against each other (Atwan, 2011). It would be bad for the country if the elements within the rebellion do not unite and continue to have separate interests.

The study of conflict management contributes to our understanding of the situation in Libya. There is conflict in Libya which is characterized by disagreement between the regime and the rebels, both parties have different needs and interest and there was interaction (communication). Our study of conflict management assisted us to understand that conflict arises when needs are not met and may also occur when an individual or group is seen as obstructing another from achieving objectives. Conflict management identifies the fact that conflicts mostly arise over allocation of resources and power.

Knowledge in conflict management enabled us to understand and categorize the unrest in Libya as inter group because it is between two groups supporting different interests. Learn Peace (N.D) provides that conflict is characteristic of humans and provides that conflicts have similar structure and process. Conflict is termed as an activity that drives humans into the future but in order to do so it must be adequately managed. Conflict often leads to change, new skills, improved method of doing things and also to improved ...

Solution Summary

How the study of conflict management contributes to understanding of current events are determined. Research notes are provided.


6 Tips For Driving Safely in the Rain

Driving in the rain can be very stressful and dangerous because it will be very difficult to see the road and conditions may be terrible. Hence, you have to be extremely careful so that you do not get your car stuck in a ditch or involve in an auto-crash. This is because the wetter the road, the more the accident. In line with this, Jumia Travel, the leading online travel agency highlights tips for driving safely in the rain.

Slow down

Like earlier said the road condition worsens when it rains. As such, slow down no matter how late you are to your destination. This is safer because you are less likely to be involved in an accident if you slow down.


In this paper, we study two spatial knowledge discovery problems involving proximity relationships between clusters and features. The first problem is: Given a cluster of points, how can we efficiently find features (represented as polygons) that are closest to the majority of points in the cluster? We measure proximity in an aggregate sense due to the non-uniform distribution of points in a cluster (e.g., houses on a map), and the different shapes and sizes of features (e.g., natural or man-made geographic features). The second problem is: Given n clusters of points, how can we extract the aggregate proximity commonalities (i.e., features) that apply to most, if not all, of the n clusters? Regarding the first problem, the main contribution of the paper is the development of Algorithm CRH which uses geometric approximations (i.e., circles, rectangles, and convex hulls) to filter and select features. Highly scalable and incremental, Algorithm CRH can examine over 50,000 features and their spatial relationships with a given cluster in approximately one second of CPU time. Regarding the second problem, the key contribution is the development of Algorithm GenCom that makes use of concept generalization to effectively derive many meaningful commonalities that cannot be found otherwise.


Hey how will I write a text file to setup a database with the information below

Database set-up:

Members Table:
id - int primary key auto_increment.
username - varchar 15.
password - varchar 32. will be a md5 and sha1 hash of the password then the username.
e-mail - varchar 35.
admin - tinyint. will either be a value of 1 (admin) or the default, 0 (regular member)
last_ip - varchar 15. will store the last ip address person logged in with.

Buddy List:
uid - User ID from members table. int.
buddy - Buddies username or id. either varchar 15 or int.
blocked - Blocked users username or id. either varchar 15 or int.

id - message id. int primary key auto_increment.
from - users name. varchar 15 characters.
to - buddies name. varchar 15 characters.
message - blob
time - timestamp CURRENT_TIMESTAMP.

8 Years
Discussion Span
Last Post by Fest3er

You're on your own for accessing the MySQL server.

The following statements usually work for creating databases and tables:

create database;
create table a (field1, field2, ..., key);

Download the MySQL manual (PDF) and peruse the syntax of the aforementioned statements. I taught myself MySQL by RTFMing, though I did have a slight head start by having learned Informix 15 years earlier, so SQL wasn't a completely foreign language.


Overcoming illness

Overcoming illness is a matter of course when one practices genuine high-level chi kung

Question 1

You have mentioned that if one practices the chi kung learnt from you, overcoming his illness is a matter of course. Can you please tell us the difference between a matter of course and a matter of fact?

— Alan, United Kingdom

Let us take an example. If you drive along the highway from London to Manchester, arriving at Manchester is a matter of course. But as a matter of fact, you may not arrive if, for example, you stop halfway, your car breaks down or you turn into a side-road to go elsewhere.

Similarly, if someone suffering from any disease, including a so-called incurable disease, practices the chi kung learnt from me or from Shaolin Wahnam correctly and diligently, he will recover from his illness as a matter of course. But as a matter of fact, he may not recover if, for example, he stops practicing, he practices wrongly or he turns to other unhealthy practices.

Recovering from any illness if he practices our chi kung is a matter of course because the cause of all illness is energy blockage, and practicing our chi kung clears energy blockage. As a rough estimate, about 80% of those who suffered from illness, including so-called incurable illness, recovered from their illness and regain their good health. The other 20% did not recover because they stopped practicing, they took other types of medication, or they intellectualised unnecessarily.

Question 2

Can I combine the Bird Play with the Deer Play in the same training session when performing Five-Animal Play.

— Davide, Italy

Yes, you can.

You can combine any one of the five plays with any other one or more of the five plays. For example, you can combine the Deer Play with the Monkey Play, or you can combine the Deer Play with the Monkey Play and the Bear Play.

You also can combine any one or more of the five plays with any one or more of other chi kung styles. For example, you can combine the Tiger Play and the Bird Play with Bear Walk, or you can combine the Deer Play with Nourishing Kidneys and Rhinoceros Looking at Moon.

Nevertheless, unless he has some special reasons, generally a student would get the best benefit by practicing just one exercise.

A chi kung training session is like a physical mixture. You can mix any exercise with any other exercise or exercises in any order. But because we are very cost-effective and our chi kung is of a high level, the total time for a training session, from the beginning to the end, is about 10 minutes. Many chi kung practitioners of other schools need to practice for about an hour.

I used to recommend 15 minutes a training session for our students. But because of our improvement in methodology and cost-efficiency, now 10 minutes per session is sufficient.

However, if a student found that once a while and without his knowing he had practiced for an hour or for only 5 minutes, it was alright. He did not aim for an hour or 5 minutes; he aimed for 10 minutes. But in the enjoyment of his training, when it became timeless, he had trained for an hour or 5 minutes in real time when he thought it was 10 minutes.

Five-Animal Play

Five-Animal Play

Question 3

Did the ancient samurais also practice systematic training as the Chinese did?

— Nareshwar, India

Of course the ancient samurais practiced systematic training. All successful training are systematic. Samurais were professionals. If they were not successful, they would be eliminated -- by their bosses or their enemies.

But the system of the samurais might not be the same as the Chinese. Even amongst the Chinese, many different systems were used. The system used by Taijiquan practitioners would be different from that used by Shaolin practitioners.

Different masters of the same style might also used different systems. The system practiced by one Taijiquan master might be different from that practiced by another Taijiquan master.

But there is a characteristic difference, in my opinion, between systems practised in the East and those practiced in the West. Eastern systems are characterized by hard work, whereas Western systems are characterized by pampering students.

When I first taught in Australia many years ago, the organizer, who was a university lecturer but later betrayed me, was the first to arrive at the training hall, swept the floor, and prepared tea. He was also the last to leave, shaking the hands of students and hugging them at the door.

When I told him that that was not chi kung culture, he replied that it was Australia. He also told me that in Australia, a white Australian would leave work punctually at five, and enjoyed a mug of bear after a hard day's work, whereas his Vietnamese co-workers would work shifts, not only not complaining but was grateful they were given a chance to work.

Indeed, a Vietnamese refugee who later became an Australian citizen and successful businessman, told me how grateful he was to the Australian government. Not only the government allowed refugees to stay, but it even regularly sent counsellors to console them.

The system practiced in our school, Shaolin Wahnam, is quite funny. I myself came from a Eastern tradition, where training meant very hard work. Partly because of my being influenced by Western culture, and mainly because we have become very cost-effective, we now tell our students to enjoy their training instead of to endure it.

Question 4

And if so, is it still done today?

I don't think the system practiced by ancient samurais is being taught today.

This does not mean that martial arts which draw inspiration from the ancient samurais do not have a system, but their systems were different from that of the samurai.

A samurai must be able to defend himself. This was his first principle of survival. But samurai-related martial arts do not place much importance on self-defence!

The above statement may be a big surprise to many people. But it is a fact, and is readily verified by observing free sparring amongst samurai-related martial artists. They take being hit and kicked for granted. Had they followed a system practiced by the samurais, they should not be hit at all.

Many years ago I saw a typical training session at a famous kendo school. Students put on attires which looked to me like cages. Then they struck at one another with wooden swords. There was totally no attempt to avoid any hits. A samurai would be killed 30 times over in a 10-minute training session.

Green Dragon Tests Claw of Baguazhang

Green Dragon Tests Claw of Baguazhang

Question 5

Another aspect of Baguazhang combat application that I'm currently experimenting with comes from the fifth combat sequence. At the Baguazhang course, you taught the "close secret" of using Peacock Spreads Tail to tempt an opponent to enter and to use Green Dragon Charges Face to simultaneously deflect the opponent's attack and to strike one's palm on the opponent's chest. Would Sifu have any recommendations for these sorts of "baiting" techniques and strategies?

— Frederick, USA

Editorial Note: Frederick's questions are continued from September 2016 Part 2 issue of the Question-Answer Series.

Once you have understood the principle and have acquired the skills to apply it, you can use the same techniques or other techniques in different situations.

For example, you may use Green Dragon Tests Claw as a poise pattern, leaving a slight opening for your opponent. As he moves in to attack, you counter with Green Dragon Charges at Face.

Or you may poise with Peacock Spreads Tail. As he moves in to attack, you counter with Dark Dragon Enters a Well.

In both cases, you hit your opponent as soon as he attempts to attack you!

Question 6

Also, would this happen to be an application of the "through the heart palm"? Could you speak more about the "through the heart palm," such as its advantages for combat and daily life?

Yes, this principle can be applied in "through the heart palm".

Kungfu is alive. Understanding this principle and applying it makes the difference between a master and a novice. Many practitioners do not even understand this principle, irrespective of how long they may have practiced. In our school, not only we learn and understand the principle, but also we develop skills to put the principle into practice.

We go one step further. We apply the principle not only in combat, but also in our daily life. This, I believe, is unprecedented in kungfu thistory. Some masters in the past might have applied their kungfu principles in their daily life, but I believe we are the only one doing it as a school. Indeed, living in law-abiding societies today, this is a more important benefit than effective combat.

"Through the heart palm" is a killing technique. In daily life, it ends any argument immediately. For example, a fellow student whom you know has plagiarized from books, attacks you for reading up previous answers to improve your assignment. You tell him straightaway, "Reading up previous answers is not a crime, but plagiarizing is." You deflect his attack and simultaneously deal him a finishing strike.

But if you do not know of any serious crime he may have committed, you can still use this principle of "through the heart palm". You tell him slowly and loudly so that all present can hear what you say, "It is not a crime to read up previous answers to improve my assignment, but not doing your assignment is a crime." Then you walk away confidently, leaving others in daze to absorb your stunning counter.

Shaolin Seven-Star Set

The Shaolin Seven-Star Set was recorded in the "Classics of Shaolin Kuangfu" authored by the Venerable Fu Yu about the year 961

Question 7

Would an appropriate way to acquire this force be to consistently practice Peacock Spreads Tail and Green Dragon Charges Face many times per day, or would one have to know other subtle points to attain this skill?

This is third-class training, which is better than many people practicing their kungfu patterns without knowing what and why they are doing.

First-class training is to understand the close-door secret and acquire the skills (including force) to implement it. You can then apply it in any situation, not necessary when you poise with Peacock Spreads Tail and counter with Green Dragon Charges Face.

When you have the skills, you practice this scenario of Peacock Spreads Tail and Green Dragon Charges Face, or any situations you wish to use, to ensure your application works perfectly.

Question 8

Thank you very much! I can't begin to thank you enough for having taught me these arts just a few years ago and how well they've been enhancing my daily life. I quite frankly feel that because of your amazing understanding of kung fu, qigong, and meditation, to say nothing of your teaching ability, I could spend the rest of my life on just your Baguazhang and need nothing else. I have to admit, though, there are some particular special skills I'd love to develop in the future!

Enhancing our daily life is a key benefit of our training. Unlike in the past when fighting was part of daily life, we are very rarely engaged in physical fights nowadays, though figuratively daily life is also full of combat where we emerge victorious and happy.

Our school is like the Shaolin Temple in the past, a collecting and distributing centre of high-level kungfu, qigong and mediation. Some years ago when I first taught Tantui, a few instructors were debating whether we should focus on Southern Shaolin or expand to other arts.

I am glad we have expanded to other arts, including Baguazhang, Xingyiquan, Taijiquan, Eagle Claw, Praying Mantis, Choy-Li-Fatt, Wuzuzuan, Drunken Eight Immortals and others.

Baguazhang is a wonderful art. I hope you will excel in it and spread it later on. Nevertheless, as the opportunities are available, you should also have a taste of some other arts. Great kungfu masters like the Venerable Fu Yu, Zhang San Feng, and Ng Mui, while specialized in their chosen art, were all-rounders.

Selected Reading

Courses and Classes


Course Overview

In a world with almost limitless data collection capability, where cyber attacks can propagate instantaneously and where the identity or location of an adversary may not be known, individuals and institutions are increasingly vulnerable to network based intrusions that disrupt productivity, jeopardize privacy, and threaten national security. The security and resilience of critical infrastructure and technology in the U.S. and around the world requires constant vigilance against cyber threats. Despite the magnitude of the problem, the field of cybersecurity strategy, policy, and management is nascent.


Argument Description
x The value at which to evaluate the function
n The order of the function. If n is not an integer, it is truncated

  A B C
1 Formula Result  Notes
2 =BESSELK(1.5, 1) 0.277387804 Modified Bessel function at 1.5 with an order of 1

Common Function Error(s)

Problem What went wrong
#VALUE! Occurs if any of the supplied arguments are non-numeric
#NUM! Occurs if either:

  the supplied value of x is ≤ 0
  the supplied value of n is < 0


What equipent do i need?

When first starting out in canicross, no special equipment is required. Running with your dog, on lead, at your side is OK. As you get into the sport, there are more efficient methods of doing this.

Holding the lead can throw out your rhythm and can also restrict the dogs breathing as it pulls. Running with canicross equipment frees up your hands by wearing a running belt attached to a bungee line and harness, worn by the dog. The harness allows your dog to run without restriction to its airway and the bungee line prevents jerking to its spine. Plus you get the added benefit of harnessing your dogs full power, helping you run faster.

The rules and regulations for Canicross are set out and followed by the IFSS (International Federation of Sleddog Sports), who hold the World Dryland Championships (encompassing Canicross and Bikejor) and the ECF (European Canicross Federation).

These regulations are designed for the well-being of the canine athlete, the human competitor and general public.

Standard Canicross Equipment :

A waist belt is strongly recommended for handlers.

Dogs must wear a suitable harness and be attached to their handler by a line containing a bungee to act as a shock absorber.

Lines must not be longer than 2 meters when fully extended.

No head collars, choke chains or flexi leads are permitted.

Muzzles may be used but they must be the open, basket type, through which dogs can drink and take treats.

Runners are not allowed to wear shoes that could be dangerous for dogs. Shoes with metal spikes are strictly forbidden.

Whilst organisers will make every effort to provide water on site, Canicrossers are ultimately responsible for providing water for their dogs at all times.

Exceptions may be granted in regard to the above equipment requirements if a competitor is learning how to canicross, then a hand-held leash and flat (classic) collar will be accepted.


Breeze through the Moving Estimate

After you’ve selected an Anaheim moving company to help you relocate, the latter will be dispatching a representative to estimate moving costs. What can you expect during the process? Well, take heart … it’s not all that difficult. In fact, you probably can breeze through it. You just have to be prepared.

Generally, Anaheim moving companies begin their estimates with a survey. As the name suggests, a survey is the process of looking over and taking stock of every item to be transported. It covers everything from compact pots and pans to not-so-compact items such as a grand piano. To expedite matter, make sure your entire household inventory is out and easily viewable.

Remember, examine your belongings with a fine-tooth comb, removing everything the Anaheim moving company will not be taking. This necessary step ensures a more precise estimate of total costs.

Your Anaheim movers likely will be asking questions necessary for an accurate evaluation. By the same token, this is a good time to make your own inquires. So be sure to prepare a list of possible questions before the estimator arrives.

If you have questions about preparing for a moving estimate, be sure to reach out to Executive Moving Systems. A leading Anaheim moving company, we provide prompt, dependable service no matter how big the job. When you need reliable Orange County movers, you can count on Executive Moving Systems to get it there safe and sound.


Thursday, 10 May 2012

Digi pak Plan

A Brief plan on what i would like to include on my Digi Pak

 This is my Evaluation for the whole project the questions that have been answered are :
In what ways does your media use, develop or challenge forms of real media products?

How effective is the combination of your main product and ancillary text?

What have you learnt from your audience feedback?

 Media Evaluation

Music video

Black and white version of My music video
this is our final version of the video

Colour Version

Wednesday, 2 May 2012

One minute extract

J Cole - Work out (one minute extract)
What skills have you used in the production of this extract
Because I only had one minute to try and create a video that used a lot of effects and creative thinking. This also helped to train myself in using software to create my actual coursework. The beginning of the video I used a filter to change the colour of the video like the original one. It made it look much brighter like the artist was living in a dream world and thinking about how events that led up to him being able to date a girl. I also had to try and get the artist to lip sync to the video and it worked very well as he was also riding a bike. The second scene of the video a tracking shot of the two females walking was used to show there journey to the main artist playing with the basket ball. The group start to play basket ball and one of the females shoot the ball in the hoop but miss. Another effect was used here as i reversed the shot 3 times to show the ball going in and out and then continuing with the shot. The bright filter has still continued through the video. Some of the shots have been zoomed in as well.

How this video conforms or subverts the conventions of your chosen genre
the video conforms to the conventions my chosen genre which is hip hop and we can see this by the setting of the one minute extract. I shot the video in a basket ball court where a lot of hip hop videos are shot with a typical scene with girls and boys mixing together. The artist is also riding a bike around the area which shows a youthful life as it is also typical for boys to ride bikes to such places like park ect. The artist is also wearing typical clothing of a hip hop artist which are mainly tracksuits and baseball hats. We could say it is stereotypical of a black male to wear such but it also ignites the obvious and straight away tells us what kind of video is going to show. The ending scene where the male shows signs of interest to the girl is also another typical factor showed in the majority of hip hop videos.  the type of girls showed in these videos are called vixens but we were unable to show other scenes with girls present as they were further along in the video.

What this had made you include/reconsider about your own coursework (if at all)?
Thought out my planning i have seen that i would like to change up the original conventions of a hip hop music video and not make it obvious that is.  So I will be taking some of the typical conventions of a hip hop video and be using them in my own but rather the females would be the focus of my actual video rather than the male. Also, there are many effects that will need to be added to the whole of my video. Just practicing with this one minute extract has also brought more ideas to include in my actual video to make it as creative as possible.

Tuesday, 1 May 2012

As part of my research is important that i specifically state which kind of props that i will be using for my music video. Props

Pre production

    1) Shooting Schedule

    • Our shooting schedule has been structured upon our lesson times, free periods and outside of school times. We aim to optimize our free periods to the best of our advantage as they are very scattered and scarce between the three of us within the group.
    • The schedule has also been affected by two of members due to their employment schedules.
    2) Roles and Responsibilities of the group

    Ama Adusei
    • Market Researcher: Responsible for the Market research of out chosen target audience. Searching for what we need that will be of favor to hip-hop fans.
    • Talent Scout: Searching for useful actors for the music video, suitable to the genre.
    • Actor: Major role within Music video

    Amina Bogle Barriteau
    • Editor: Edits the shots and film upon final cut pro, final editing upon all photos associated with artist, which is particularly used for the ancillary task.
    • Director: Focusing upon the cinematography, filming as the photographer at photo-shoots.
    • Actor: Plays major role within Music Video.
      Faith Balogun
      Costume Designer: Responsible for organising artist's and actors costumes, in music video as well as ancillary task. Prop organiser: Researches props as well as supplier of props.
      Actor: Plays major role within Music Video

      3) Mood board for inspiration, l
      ook for the Artist

      • We are using the 'Skater boy'meets 'Hip-Hop' look. A new emerging retro form of Hip-Hop mad famous by the following artists. The Mood board represents the look we are trying to create with our artist within the music video.

      Music Videos we are trying to re-create
      • Kanye West- Jesus Walks, Great use of narrative and serious matter. The use of intertwining mini stories were most attractive. The dominant use of African-American character showing an honest representation of Black American society, almost as an exposure.
      • Lil Wayne - How to Love is a music video we aim to use. The Music video discusses important social matters of today's society and is very relate-able  to many people especially fans of our Hip-Hop genre

      5.  Details of our Music video

      A. What is the video’s theme?
      Our group has to decided to used a suicidal and depression theme within our music video as it is closely matched to the subject matter of the lyrics.

      B. What are its mood progressions?
      The mood progression deteriorates from contentment to deep depression. We aim to present this through characterization.

      C.What kind of location should each sequence have?
      Each sequence would use a domestic places (our personal homes) or public areas e.g. Bridges, kitchens and forests.

      D. What statement should each location make towards the video’s premise?
      Each setting would contribute to the narrative. The desolate forest would show the isolation of the character or the heights of the bridge would increase the intensity of the situation.

      E. How should each set be lit?
      As natural as possible to present realism.

      F. What kind of props go with the set?
      Items associated with drug use, beauty and sex. For example Condoms, pills, belts, mirrors, hair brushes and makeup.

      G. What kind of belongings do the characters keep around them?
      Faith's character - The Drug Addict: Pills and alcohol flask
      Ama's character -  Sexual: Condoms
      Amina's Character- Make up and mirrors

      Faith's character - Tramp, ripped and dirty clothes shows how severity of drugs
      Ama's character -  School Uniform presents innocence
      Amina's Character-  Purposefully unflattering outfits/ Tom boyish look enhances the idea of confusions of Identity.

      I. What colour palette and progression would promote the video’s thematic development?
      To keep a minimalist tone we are likely to use black and white or use and effect to make the colours appear pastel.

Story board

In the beginning of the storyboard we have the opening narrative without music setting the beginning of the narrative. The opening shots introduce the characters and their potential outcome at the end of the Music Video. we wanted to reverse this shot because it was a twist to the video rather than the ending being at the end to lift the audience at the edge of their seats so they would want to continue watching it and find out what happened.
  1. The split screening of three characters, medium shots and the use of spot lighting to place emphasis upon the characters. The shot is supposed to be reminiscent of a also makes the video seem as if it is a short movie leading up to events that end in the death of the girls.
  2. A dip to black transition to emphasize a blink, Over the shoulder shot and zooming in upon the words HIV the audience then feel emotive as they have realised that some one will die from an incurable disease. Using normal room lighting. The zooming in is supposed to induce shock and suspense questioning what will happen next. This shot is supposed to show the audience as a fly upon the wall peering in therefore the shot should last longer.
  3. A close shot upon character's face to highlight grief and misery, zooming in upon a tear. it slowly lowers and scans her whole face to show each and every feature.This is Used to spark emotion among the audience. To have a lasting effect upon the audience. Use of trampy and ragged clothing to showcase her troubles.
  4. The next sub story, establishing shots of the bathroom, to meet second character staring into the mirror from an other the shoulder shot zooming in through the reflection the mirror to highlight almost faint look upon the character's face.
  5. A birds eye view shot over body upon the floor to show venerability, possibility of questionable death using enigmatic techniques.
  6. Establishing shot of bridge showing the enormity and height creating suspense as well as fear among the audience to a side shot of the third character standing nervously by a bridge. Natural lighting used to promote realism and a swift transitions to show the severity and sudden nature of the narrative.
  7. The side view of flowers and pictures with candles associated with memorials, natural lighting used once more to highlight realism and a slow closing transition almost reminiscent like the end of a dream.
  8. Then met by a medium shot of the artist holding the  guitar to highlight the beginning of the song. A clear background to highlight minimalism and his detachment from the story.
9.  Medium shot tracking shot of the first Character walking along with her boyfriend, however an argument breaks out and the break loose. Natural lighting used to promote realism of a normal day.
Initially shows how broken the relationship and highlights the problems

10. A lightening transition to show the severity of the situation matching the action of the slap. Medium shot of how boyfriend attempts to slap character 1 and then a zoom into the face of character 1 to highlight fear.

10 A. Medium Shots of the artist walking and singing.The artist needs to be seen in his garments so that the audience are able to look at him as the best hip hop artist about.

11. A medium shot of the character 1 holding card telling story of how 'He promised he would never hurt me' to aid the narrative and provide context. Spotlight used to show individuality against other stories.

12. (Same as Shot 11 however holding " I feel sick")

12 A. Medium Shots of the artist playing guitar. want to capture a tight shot of the artist playing an instrument which is very unusual in a normal hip hop video.

13. Over the shoulder shot of Character 3 gazing at the mirror looking distressed using normal room lighting. Zoom into the reflection of the mirror where character 3 will keep fussing over facial insecurities. Use of the lighting transition when character 3 slaps the mirror to embellish the anger and hurt towards the audience.

14. (Same as Shot 11, however using Character 3 and text "Why am I so ugly")

15. Medium shot of Character 2 resting by a table with crack cocaine resting upon a table wiping nose looking nervous trying to get sympathy from the audience as well as shock factor.

16. (Same as Shot 11, however using Character 2 and text "Only a little bit of fun right)

16 A. Close up of the artist singing mouthing the words so add to the sincerity of the music also helps with the realness of it enabling the audience to keep track of the song.

17.  Birds eye view shot over Character 2 sniffing drugs to show ho low she is and however inferior the character is to the audience. Presenting Character 2 to look small. The Birds eye view used to make the audience seem as a judgmental spectator.

18. (Same as Shot 11, however using Character 1 and text "He's cheating on me I know it.")

19. Slow motion fight scene against Character 1 and boyfriend zooming in upon the punches to embellish the severity of the situation and igniting fear among audience. Zooming in as the Character 2 holds her stomach in pain to infer pregnancy of other disease.

19 A. Medium shot of artist playing guitar in studio.
20. Zooms in upon Character 2 face and extreme zoom in upon tear rolling down cheek, emotive visual sparking sadness among the audience. The transitions of dip to colour brought back same as the beginning to showcase the reason as to character's downfall.

21. (Same as Shot 11, however using Character 3 and text "Why do people laugh at me?")

23. Medium shots of bullying scene of character 3 and the breakdown and physical outrage flipping of chairs, screaming and punching walls. To ignite sympathy among the audience as well as sadness.

24. The split screen leading back to the circumstances within the beginning.

25. Ending with artist outside, with guitar swaying back and forth.


Sunday, January 29, 2012

Lexicon of Laughter

Humor is one mode of characterization I rarely use. To my detriment, I've been thinking. The world is so serious. I don't laugh as much as I should. But it feels good when I do.

A character who trips over her own feet would jump off the page like a one-armed juggler. I wouldn't have too many tag lines for a character soothes tense situations by cracking bad jokes.

Jan Hornung, in Seven Steps to Better Humor Writing, says a writer must create an image in the reader's mind in order to make him chuckle, giggle, or smile. A writer cannot shove a pie in the reader's face, trip over his own feet and go sprawling, or make goofy gestures. A writer must use only words to conjure up situations and dialogue that bring rib-splitting, bone-tickling, knee-slapping guffaws, or at least a snicker, from the reader.

Jan says, "Whether or not a writer is personally funny is not important. What is important is that the writer can make the reader think that the characters and situations are funny. One of the greatest humor writers of all time was William Shakespeare, 1564-1616. Those who have read and studied "The Bard" appreciate him for the great comedy writer that he was. He developed characters that played off one another, and he created situations in which his characters could manipulate and interact with each other, resulting in a humorous effect.

Here are Jan's guidelines to writing humor:

Jan Hornung's Summary: "Remember to paint that picture using all five senses. Add a metaphor or two, a few similes, action verbs, and colorful adjectives."

Maybe writing a funny line or two wouldn't be that hard, after all.

  1. Fascinating post, Ana.

    Must admit I'm not into slapstick humor at all. Visual humor (like custard pies in the face or someone slipping on a banana skin or silly walks etc) does absolutely nothing for me. I much prefer the humor of words and, for me, Oscar Wilde did it perfectly. I don't have to see his plays, I just have to read them and I'm giggling. At the same time, I appreciate the timing of actors (and comedians too) who can deliver one-liners so perfectly. Maggie Smith, in the current Downton Abbey series, is one such person. She made me laugh so many times.

    In my current WIP, the heroine likes the fact that the hero can make her laugh - "Not with witty or clever quips, but simply with genuinely humorous comments." I'm hoping he will continue to make her laugh, not with any 'silly' actions but with his sense of humor.

    For me, metaphors and similies should be used very sparingly. So many of them are cliches, and often attempts to find a non-cliched phrase can stick out like a sore thumb, unless the writer is very skilled. I've read some dreadful metaphors at times!!

  2. Ana, I love the work you put into this post. I try to put humor into my characters and my stories, but it's not physical humor. When it works, I get on a roll and the characters banter with each other, usually to lighten up tense situations. And sometimes they're kind of smart alecks (I am so claiming smart ass and snarky for the S post!). I hadn't given a lot of thought previously to the mechanics of it--I tend to go with what works or flows well; if it doesn't, I delete it. And I also depend on my critique partner to tell me if something flops. I'm a little leery of plotting out the humor because that's just not my style, and I don't want my writing to come across as "insert laughter here" but some of Jan's advice might be interesting to try.

  3. Great post Ana.

    I've found that I don't intentionally make my stories funny, but a lot of readers and reviewers have said they liked the humorous moments.

    Although I do have to say, my WIP involves a hero who used to be in prison, so I am trying to be conscious of not having the story be too 'heavy'. I am looking for ways to add humor to lighten the mood a bit so it's not all dark.


Astrology and where to live

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What initially was a small YouTube channel born from the desire to promote neurofunk, NeurofunkGrid is now the primary source of new music and information in the Neurofunk scene. Over the years, NeurofunkGrid has allowed unknown producers go large by providing them a platform to showcase their music on, a platform that helped shape the careers of talented producers such as Joe Ford, Memtrix, L 33, Emperor and many more. Want to be promoted? Read and then contact us at: Email: AIM: neurofunkgrid

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Reborn logo-phoenix

Scythes are a weapon class added in the Reborn Mod for Terraria. Scythe weapons behave exactly the same as broadswords, they just tend to be larger. There are currently three Scythes available to players, these are:


10 campsites around  of CAIGNAC

Have you chosen a camping holiday in the Haute-Garonne or more specifically a campsite in CAIGNAC ?

There is no campsite specifically in CAIGNAC. However, CampingFrance.com can help you pick one of the 10 campsites nearby of CAIGNAC : 1 campsite in NAILLOUX, 1 campsite in SALLES SUR L'HERS or 1 campsite in CALMONT. See 10 campsites matching your search

Main destinations of Haute-Garonne


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Please upload an artifact from your experience. This can be photo documentation of a project with descriptions, video, content that you produced during an internship, a final reflection that was required to complete a class, etc. If your file is too big to upload here, you can e-mail a link to dropbox, Hawk Drive, etc.
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Gjalt-Jorn Peters
Personal website

This is a personal website of Gjalt-Jorn Peters. Here, I link to my professional profile, my company Greater Good, and I provide a number of statistical tools. Regarding statistics, note that I've switched from SPSS to R, an open source statistical program, and I develop a package called userfriendlyscience.


Image credit: P. Böjrn Erickson

I am fascinated and humbled by biodiversity.  I want to understand how it is generated and how to maintain it.  Biodiversity spans genes to ecosystems and this requires interdisciplinary research that utilizes universal tools.  For this reason I have focused on developing and utilizing genetic and field methods to understand population dynamics, structure and diversity.  My work has carried me to mountain top lakes, to coastal streams and tropical islands.  I am fascinated with how interactions among species and the environment shape the distribution of biodiversity and find this research paramount in today's increasingly human dominated world.

~Please contact me for more information or if you are interested in collaborations~


Preparing a Thesis Proposal

With the help of your thesis director, you must prepare a written thesis proposal—that is, an explanation of what you plan to do. There are sample proposals from past years on file in the Honors College.

There are two good reasons why you must write a thesis proposal—because the university needs it to give you approval to add the thesis to your schedule and because you need it to clarify your own plans. The "Request for Independent Study" form that you must use to register for your thesis requires that you attach a proposal. The form asks for:

  1. a rationale for conducting an independent study
  2. the purpose of the study
  3. objectives
  4. activities to accomplish objectives
  5. required reading or bibliography
  6. evaluation process
  7. use for special purpose such as Honors credit
  8. number of credits

If you are doing a thesis over more than one semester, you need to fill out the independent study form each semester and adjust the proposal appropriately for what you expect to accomplish during that part of the work.

Even if the university regulations did not require a proposal, prudent students would want one for their own benefit. A good proposal guarantees that you have a plan that will work because you have to confront questions that you might otherwise skip over. Is your plan practical given the time you have? Will you be able to get the data or primary sources you need? Will you need equipment or laboratory space or access to special collections of documents? What is a reasonable timetable to accomplish each step of the work? Will you need to apply for any grants of money to cover extraordinary expenses? Do you and your director have the same expectations about what you are going to accomplish?

When you draw up your final plan, keep it sharply focused. Above all else, you want to avoid getting half-way through the semester and realizing that your project is too big to finish on time. You can always add another dimension later if you find yourself running ahead of schedule (unlikely!), but it is much harder to cut and pare when you're in a panic mode because time is running out.

If your thesis is a two-semester project, and part of the first semester work involves narrowing the topic, you may not be able to attach a fully developed thesis proposal to that semester's independent study form. In fact, preparing a full proposal may be one expected outcome of your first semester's work. But even if your first-semester proposal is broader and more tentative, you still want to be as concrete as possible in terms of what you expect to accomplish and how your thesis director is going to evaluate your progress.

Important note: If your research involves human or animal subjects, you may need to seek approval from the university's Institutional Review Board or Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. This certifies that your research follows ethical procedures in its dealings with humans or animals. Your director will be able to tell you whether you need to seek such approval.

If your thesis involves a creative project in the arts rather than scholarly research, your thesis proposal will look different but it will have the same purpose. It must explain clearly what you expect to accomplish and how you will do it, what your project will contribute to the arts, how it will be evaluated, and how you intend to provide permanent record of your accomplishment for the Honors College archives. You will want to be just as certain that your proposal is feasible given the time and resources at hand.

Next > Registering for your thesis credits


Importance of Proper Handwashing Techniques

Infectious diseases can spread quickly, particularly when hands aren’t properly washed. We’ve all been told how important it is to wash our hands, particularly after using the bathroom, but many of us have seen someone leave the bathroom without washing their hands. Teaching children how to properly wash their hands from a young age is essential.

High-quality washroom supplies are needed to guarantee that washrooms are kept tidy and hygienic. Having a clean washroom space is known to help productivity and to boost people’s mood, which is why reliable supplies are necessary.

Handwashing Technique

According to the CDC, or Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there are five required steps you should take to ensure your hands are washed properly. You should run your hands under clean water – warm or cold – and wet them. The next step is to apply soap to your hands and lather them thoroughly by rubbing them together. Areas such as the back of your hands, between your fingers, and under your fingernails should also be washed properly. You should rub your hands, palm to palm, and interlace your fingers.

The minimum amount of time you should scrub your hands for is 20 seconds, or the length of time it takes to sing ‘Happy Birthday’ twice, before rinsing them under clean water. The final step is to dry your hands on a clean towel or to let them air dry. Should you not have clean water and soap nearby, you can utilise an alcohol-based sanitiser to wash your hands. A 60% alcohol is needed to ensure the number of germs is reduced.

Improper Handwashing

Although the CDC and other organisations such as the NHS have posters on how to properly and efficiently wash your hands, many people are either unaware of the proper practices, or they don’t follow them. Whether at the workplace or anywhere else, washrooms need to follow the highest of hygiene standards.

Around 70% of people wash their hands after leaving the bathroom, and only approximately 30% use soap. 20 minutes is all it takes for bacteria to grow and double in number and, as such, it’s vital to ensure people are aware that washing their hands for 20 seconds will help to greatly reduce the amount of bacteria and germs.

At CS4 UK we believe in supplying the highest quality of products for academic and public environments, which is why we always ensure that all of our washroom supplies are efficient and very hygienic. For more information about how we can help you, feel free to get in touch with us by giving us a call on 0800 107 7729. Our skilled team is always happy to answer any query you might have.

Alternatively, you can also find us on LinkedIn to see our latest updates.


DriveWorks Pro 15: Copy Folder [send feedback...]

Copy Folder

The Copy Folder task will copy or move an existing folder to a new location.

Property NameDescription
SourceThe path to source folder.
DestinationThe path to destination folder.
MoveTRUE to move the folder, FALSE to copy it.
OverwriteTRUE to overwrite the destination folder if it already exists, FALSE to leave it alone.
TitleChanges the Title (not the name) of the task.
If the new location does not exist the task will create the folder structure as applied to the Destination property (if valid).

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