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God’s Day: Midnight Address

God’s Day: Midnight Address

Reverend Sun Myung Moon
January 1, 1992
Grand Ballroom, World Mission Center, New York
Translator – Dr. Bo Hi Pak

Father has written the new years’ slogan. The motto for 1992 is The Unification of the New Nation. Would you kindly repeat after me? Sae nara tong il. Sae is new, nara is nation and you know tong il well. So, new nation unification. Say it again, sae nara tong il. Your Korean is very good. We need more paper, Father is going to make a second banner. [Father writes.]

Father has written another great calligraphy of seven Chinese characters. The meaning of this one character represents congratulations or celebration. The paper reads “Congratulations for North-South Cosmic Unification.” Of course south and north represent unification of the Fatherland, South Korea and North Korea. By writing this calligraphy Father signifies that the unification of the north and south of Korea represents cosmic unification. Father intended to write this particular calligraphy on December 25th, 1991, which is Christmas Day. As you know, President Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR on that day. That means the USSR completely disappeared. It is gone from the face of the earth. Communism has been banished on a world wide scale. That point is the beginning of the cosmic unification which will happen by uniting the Korean peninsula, north and south. The nation of Korea has been divided, but by uniting into one nation they will accomplish the unification of the Fatherland which represents the beginning of cosmic unification.

Father can write such an authoritative statement because of his recent meeting with Kim Il Sung, who represents the first generation. The first generation era will be gone or finished and time has now moved on to the second generation. Even in the satanic land, Kim Il Sung’s power will gradually be handed to his son, Kim Jong Il. The second generation belongs to the heavenly realm, not to Satan. The first generation was taken to Satan’s side but has been restored. That particular generation will be gone and the new generation belongs to heaven. This is how Father completed the dispensation in 1991. Father has the most incredible victory of December 1991 and based on that Father has now begun 1992. This calligraphy was supposed to have been written December 25th, 1991. Upon this foundation Father has given a motto for this year. The new nation is born. The unification of the new nation has begun. Let’s give Father a big round of applause. Father would like to make a brief new years’ statement.

Today Father is declaring that the new nation is born. This happened upon the foundation Father built. This is an historical day and not only a normal historical day, but a cosmic historical day. As you learned through the Divine Principle, the first Israel failed with Jesus. The second Israel, which is the United States of America, was given a great opportunity by God after the victory of World War II. That opportunity passed without success. Upon those two failures God has now begun the third Israel dispensation. If the second Israel, which was the Christian world centered upon the United States of America, had united with True Parents in 1945 after the victory of World War II, God’s dispensational goal which Father is celebrating today would have been accomplished within seven years, by 1952. The new nation’s unification would have occurred in 1952.

Because of the failure of the second Israel, God’s dispensational history was postponed and four thousand years of history had to be redeemed and reindemnified in Father’s forty year course. By failing to unite with the True Parents, Christianity lost everything in the sight of God. True Parents have been alone, left in the wilderness to build their own foundation through their own efforts. The entire world has been within the satanic realm therefore there was nothing left for God to claim so True Parents had to begin their own foundation from scratch.

The third Israel, which is Korea, has been divided. The north was taken by communism. Father’s arduous task of restoration had to occur within the enemy land. For that reason, right after the liberation in 1945 Father went to North Korea. His basic ministry was begun in prison. Although Father came to South Korea, South Korea entirely opposed Father and went against him. By doing so, again, there was no base or foundation on which Father could stand, even in South Korea.

In 1948 independence came to the southern part of the Korean peninsula, the Republic of Korea. Only half of the nation could become an independent nation. Since 1948 two nations have dwelt within this one peninsula. That struggle has been going on for forty six years. In 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea. Because of that, the United Nations took part in a peacekeeping operation. Through that attack Kim Il Sung became an enemy to the entire free world and United Nations’ members all over the world. Through these consequences of the Korean War, an extreme polarization occurred.

Father has been all alone. There were no allies for Father or for God. Father was in a way cast out by the satanic forces to the wilderness. Father began entirely from scratch. From the very bottom he began to build the foundation which has come this far.

As you learned from the history of restoration, the history of God has been the history of failure. Starting with Adam’s failure, Noah was a failure, Abraham failed, then Moses and Jesus. All through history the central figure has failed again and again. The only person to learn the depth of the heart of God, as well as the dispensational history and what needs to be done, within his own lifetime, is True Father. Within his lifetime that has to be restored. Actually God has given a tremendous base and foundation for the restoration, including the United States. It was God’s territory and foundation which was lost. The second Israel was entirely lost through the failure of the Christian nation. There must be a process of recreation done within Father’s own lifetime, because he is the only one who knows the entire dispensational purpose and history. For that reason Father began that process and has been victorious in it.

[Father draws on board.] As Father mentioned, the Korean liberation came in 1945. In other words, Korea was liberated under a foreign power. Seven years is one cycle in which the entire creation is completed. According to the Bible, it is seven days, but the seven years from 1945 to 1952 had the same significance. 1952, therefore would have been the year God’s dispensation was completed. The Protestant Christian nation was born, the United States of America. The second Israel, the entire Christian realm centered upon the USA, was not just a foundation for America itself to receive. America was to make ready for the coming of the messiah; the True Parents.

With True Parents on the top, there are two wings. One is the sovereignty or nation, the other is the religious wing; the world’s religions. Sovereignty has spread to become 180 nations and there are several major world religions. Religion is in the Abel position and the nations are in the Cain position. These two must be united like mind and body. The world should begin in that form. Religion represents the mind and the national sovereignty represents the body. What ideology can religion and nation center on? There is only one: True Parentism.

However, this foundation was lost. Therefore in 1985, after forty years of Fathers’ struggle to lay the foundation, it was completed a second time. Seven years added to 1985 gives us 1992; this year. 1992 is equivalent to 1952. Now, forty years later, Father has accomplished and fulfilled the same level of success on his own foundation.

By 1952, the original concept of religion and politics uniting on True Parents was lost. This particular situation was completely incinerated. For that reason, forty years later, the same situation must occur here. With True Parents at the center, religion and sovereignty must be united into one world and one family. Once the True Parents are united and consummated they are the ones guiding the future and direction of the world. They are the ones for the entire world to follow. That was not done in 1952, but at this time the same situation is occurring. Therefore the center of the universe is not the president of the United States or any national sovereign, but the True Parents. The United States of America today has one way to survive and prosper. That is to follow the True Parents’ way. There must be one ideology or thought that will unite the entire sixty six books of the Bible. At the same time, the Old Testament and New Testament must be united. At the same time, Catholicism and Protestantism must be united. There is no other ideology besides True Parentism which can do this.

The concept of right wing and left wing began at the time of the crucifixion. The right side was represented by the United States and the left side has been represented by the communist world. At the coming of the second advent the left and right must be united. Furthermore, the third element, the realm of Barabbas, must also be united. No one can bring unity between left and right except the coming messiah. This is the destiny the world has been waiting for. That era has arrived with our True Parents.

The religion of Islam represents the third realm, the Barabbas realm. It doesn’t belong to right or left. There were three thieves actually. There was one on the right hand side and one on the left and Barabbas was the third. Barabbas was the third element. He was given the opportunity to conquer an entire area that was left in the hands of the chosen nation, the Israelites. The twelve tribes occupied a great deal of territory but one by one it was taken away by the Islam faith. The thieves on the left and right both died on the cross. Only one criminal survived and that was Barabbas. Therefore that particular realm has been prospering for the last two thousand years.

The destiny of the world is the reunification of religion. Judaism, Christianity and Islam, the three major religions must become one and unite the world headed toward one goal. That has been the destiny of history. Some leaders of Islam are represented in this congregation. Father is saying that before the coming of the True Parents those three religions were like brothers. When there are no parents, but only brothers, they fight among themselves. That has been the reality of the last two thousand years. There have been a lot of fights between Judaism, Islam and Christianity. Unity can only come when the parents come. When the brothers follow the commands of the parents then the fighting will cease.

The Islamic realm has spread throughout the world, but primarily among the black race. At the time of crucifixion the Bible tells about one black man named Simon who carried Jesus’ cross because Jesus was completely exhausted and not able to carry the cross to Calvary. For that reason one man was elected to help him and that was a black man. In a way the black race has been representing the physical dynamism or forces. As you can see most boxing champions and a great deal of gold medallist Olympic champions are black. The black race has an incredible dynamism as well as physical force. At the same time there are a great deal of problems within the black community and black races.

There has also been unreconcilable fighting between Judaism and Islam. The reconciliation of these two religions is going to be a very important part of the world providence. Communism has faltered and has been completely defeated. Who did that? The major factor was the power of the messiah. That truth, that particular ideology has completely swallowed the communist world. In April 1990, only one and a half years ago, there was a symbolic subjugation of the communist world when President Gorbachev welcomed Father to the Kremlin. Father has been playing the central role in demolishing the communist system and ideology which represented the left. What about the right side? Father has been a dominant force present in the United States behind four consecutive presidents starting with Nixon. Four presidents were constantly under Father’s influence one way or another. Again, Father has been working under the dispensation of will and this particular Principle. This is the historical truth which no one can deny.

We have very important guests from the Islamic world here and we would like to welcome them. We would like to make it very clear that until this time, there was a great deal of squabbling, difference of opinion and physical fighting between Judaism, Islam and Christianity. No one can bring reconciliation among these three religions except the True Parents.

This is why Father created the two most important world wide organizations last year. They were created in Korea with world wide representation. The first one was the Inter-Religious Federation for World Peace. The other one is the Federation for World Peace. Sixty nations were represented for the foundation of these two organizations. Father really only needed forty nations to meet the dispensational level. However Father went way beyond forty and reached sixty nations. The Religious Federation represents the mind side of human affairs. The Federation for World Peace represents the physical side of human affairs. It is generally concerned with political affairs. Political affairs represent the body side. For that reason religious persecution throughout history was usually carried out by political leaders. The body is always in the position to torment the mind and destroy the mind’s will. Father sees the unification between the religious and political world is almost exactly like the unity of the mind and body. When there is unity, there shall be peace.

What is the core essence to bring this unity? It is True Love. Cham sarang.

Repeat after Father. Cham sarang. True Love is not the love of oneself. True Love is to the ability to love someone that usually you cannot love. In other words, the power of true love enables you to love the one that you could not love. True Love always aspires to create something better than yourself. You aspire for your children to be better. A husband aspires for his wife to be better than himself and a wife looks forward to having a husband better than herself. That is True Love. There is no jealousy. Where does that characteristic come from? It comes from God. Therefore we come to this most cardinal principle that even God would like to have His children be better than Himself. This is the most incredible thing to know. God is subject but He wants His object to be better than Himself.

Let’s say God has 100% energy. If you just invest 100% that would not be the ideal, it is nothing special. What God has been doing is investing 100% in His object and then forgetting the investment. Then He gives another 100% investment and He forgets again. This is how True Love works. God gives and forgets. He accumulates more energy and gives more and forgets. By doing so the True Love concept was born. Therefore True Love is always aspiring for the object to be better than the subject.

Love is greater than life. Therefore for the sake of True Love, you are able to give up your life. Particularly in the fallen world, True Love begins when you give your life as a sacrifice. That is the point where True Love begins. True Love is above life. The Bible says those who give their lives for the sake of others will gain true life and those who try to gain their life will lose it. One of the two greatest commandments Jesus gave in the Bible were first, love your Lord God with all your heart, mind and soul. When you do that you actually are giving your life to love someone. In God’s mind and heart there is no concept of struggle or competition. Those concepts began with Satan.

Human history has been flooded with the blood of war. One war after another has taken place. The appearance of satanic and evil nature brought the concept of struggle into human history. That’s where the dialectical history began. How can we make this world of struggle into a world of peace? Throughout history, there are people and groups who have been claiming, “I am the best, the one, the first, highest. . .” with a very arrogant attitude. Communism was like that. Certain religions claim that their religion is the best and finest. This is satanic nature, therefore as they claim it, one by one, they will falter. Satan has stained human blood because the lineage has been stained. That was the worst work of Satan. What about the free sex that is going on right now? It is a contamination of the blood. In other words it was the most incredible crime because it is passed from generation to generation, making the blood lineage filthy.

Love, both spiritual love or physical love, is given purely as God’s gift for the preservation of the human race and for God’s dispensation. Can it also be utilized for human carnal desire, for your own joyful physical desire? That is absolutely unforgivable. What is the mission of the second coming of the messiah? He is coming to cleanse the human blood lineage. The stained blood will be cleansed. Furthermore, all the concept of struggle and fighting has been stopped. That is the mission of the messiah.

What is God’s strategy? God’s strategy has always been receiving attack and then claiming more territory. First He is hit, then He takes over. That has also been Reverend Moon’s strategy. For a seventy year period he was hit, persecuted, attacked, jailed and tortured, but each time Father was able to claim more territory. He was not defeated. The United States of America is a good example. This country has been persecuting Father and even sent him to Danbury, trying to dishonor him to the degree that would make the Unification Movement collapse. This was their goal. Instead of allowing the United States to become an enemy, by going to Danbury, Father continuously served and worked to save this nation.

What about a communist country like the Soviet Union or Kim Il Sung’s North Korea? They have been trying to kill Father; to destroy his life! However, instead of taking revenge or doing any kind of criminal act, Father has been giving them True Love and trying to save them. This is Father’s way of winning the world. This is his strategy. Father comes for the liberation of humanity from satanic thought and satanic sovereignty. Liberation of both of these points has been his purpose in coming. This is truly the messiah’s mission of salvation.

Satanic thought is always selfish. So Father is creating a revolution from selfishness to unselfishness. At the same time, satanic desire is always dirty, it always has something to do with sex and lineage. Satanic people are mixing together and making the blood lineage dirty. That was a satanic goal. Father has come to cleanse the lineage.

You must realize that you are sitting here as an individual, but above you there is a lineage of your ancestors. During the many thousands of lifetimes that took place within your lineage, imagine what an incredible mix of confused, situations occurred. They are linked through you. They were stained, not clean. Think of how many times they went against God, accused God and rebelled against God. We are the heir and result of that lineage, but God is not looking at you as the enemy. God looks at you as a son or daughter and tries to save your life and bring you to heaven. This is the work of God. You can see that when God is thinking like that there is no concept of struggle. There is only the concept of existing for the sake of others.

What is the definition of a true man or woman? True men and women are giving and investing themselves throughout their lives for the sake of others. Even if they invest their own life, still they are not finished. They go further and further. How can mind and body be united? This is the key question Father has been asking over and over. True Love alone can bring the mind and body together. What is the greatest power even in the fallen world? The power of love. You can win everything and everyone with the power of love. Every child, every young man and every old man. Age makes no difference, love wins them. This works even in the fallen world so how much more it must be so in the true world. How powerful true love must be to win over and conquer everything!

About two thousand people are gathered together here at this new years’ celebration. If even two thousand people tried genuinely to live for the sake of others, how much power they would have to lift up the entire New York City and American nation. Even these two thousand could lift up the nation. It is not easy to live that way so why should we live such a difficult life? Why does Reverend Moon keep preaching like that? Why did Reverend Moon give his entire life? Why didn’t Reverend Moon tell us, “Go ahead and enjoy yourself. Do anything you want”? If that would bring happiness, he would do so. But it will not because there is such a thing as eternal life and the spirit world where you are going to live. Whether you like it or not you are going to live an eternal life. Father would like to give you an eternal life that is brilliant. In other words, spirit world is the place where the more you resemble God, the greater your heaven will be.

As you know, Father had an historical meeting with Kim Il Sung, the president of North Korea. In his regime, Kim has tried to destroy Father so many times: in prison, with torture, by sending out assassins. In so many ways Kim Il Sung has been trying to take Father’s life. But when Father met with him, Father had no feeling that Kim Il Sung was his enemy. Absolutely not. Father looked at him as a brother with True Love. He loved the one who was unlovable. That is how Kim Il Sung surrendered. A natural subjugation occurred through the power of true love. After Kim Il Sung met Father he was living on cloud nine! A message came to Father that Kim Il Sung said, “I must see Reverend Moon once again because he makes me so brilliantly happy.” He was beaming ear to ear after meeting Father. Soon the message came that he was thinking of Father and that it brought him joy, making each day more meaningful. He is not a lonely man anymore. With Father on his side he is now a happy man.

How can Father not harbor a mind of revenge toward the worst enemy among enemies? Kim Il Sung needs parents too. Look at him from a parental point of view, as the father or mother of Kim Il Sung. Even if his son is the worst criminal there is no way the parent would ever say, “I will just cast him out.” No parent would do that. Parental love is the closest thing to True Love. Therefore faced with such love, Kim Il Sung, impossible dictator though he may be, he would be grateful to his father and mother because of parental love. By the same token, as soon as he felt that same love from Father, he responded in the same way.

The United States of America has committed the worst evils against Father. However, when Father looks at America and the 240 million people living here, he sees them with parental heart. Father looks at them as his own children. How can he feel hatred towards them or castigate them? There is no way. Father has been thinking in this way: “My parents have been giving parental love to me and I felt it, I was brought up in it.” By the same token the 240 million people have a multitude of parents. From their point of view, the American people are the children. Father is always teaching that the family is greater than the individual because the family includes parents. The nation is greater than the tribe because the nation has so many more parents. When Father looks at a poor, miserable or disabled person, Father looks at that person as a parent. With a parental eye that son or daughter is so precious. A parents thinks so mercifully toward his disabled son. In that case, Father cannot hate them.

As Father explained already True Parents have been crowned at the pinnacle of the mountain. President Bush is not leading this country; actually True Parents are leading the entire world and the United States is a part of that world. It used to be that the very concept of True Parents seemed so strange, even the particular words “True Parents” were buried among many words. But from 1992 and on, True Parents are at the pinnacle. Therefore True Parents are shining, the words are shining, the entity of True Parents is shining and True Parents presence is going to be shining all over the world. Not only in this country but in all continents over the entire globe.

Father predicted communism could not go beyond seventy three years and that is precisely what happened. The disappearance of communism from the face of the earth is not the end of the struggle though. The more difficult struggle has been the struggle between religions. Father has been warning more about the danger of religious struggle and the bloodshed of religious people, among Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Look at Beirut and Ireland. Religious wars are killing people. The most senseless killing is going on in the name of religion. Father has been doing a great deal of reconciliation between Judaism and Islam through ICUS for the professors. Father brings together the professors from the Arab territory and Israel territory and mediates their reconciliation through religion. When Islam is fighting against Judaism, which one is on the side of God? We cannot say. Both are right and wrong. Both have certain claims, but it doesn’t make a difference. The important thing is that God’s will is to bring harmony. In the Bible it says those who bring harmony and reconciliation will be blessed. To bring that harmony is one of the most important things in history and the one who can do it is truly a son of God.

In the entire history of the world, no one has done more for the reconciliation of humanity and harmony of humankind. We do have distinguished representatives of Islam sitting here with us. Think about it, this never would have happened before, but they are coming here for forty days workshop on the Divine Principle. How can this happen under the leadership of Reverend Moon? Because Reverend Moon is a unifier, peacemaker and reconciliator. I’m sure you are not having an easy time. It must be difficult at times, trying to follow the Divine Principle is not that easy. But I would like you to understand that in order to create a foundation for you to come now, how much Reverend Moon has been working and preparing behind the scenes to pay the price. Reverend Moon was not alone, but God and Reverend Moon together laid the foundation for the sake of unity of the religions and now you are here as the champions of that particular fruit of the unification of religions. This is not concept, this is reality. This is absolutely historical. Their coming here to listen and learn the Divine Principle, and joining in with this New Year’s celebration with Father as the True Parent, is a reality. They are sitting here, you can see them! Let’s give them a big hand.

The most important thing is that we are not orphans. We have parents, not only that, we have True Parents! Once we have parents nothing is lacking. We are full and fulfilled, we can have everything because parents are everything. We can go to our hometown because our parents’ hometown is our hometown. The Bible says unless you are like a child you will not be admitted into the kingdom of heaven. What is a child’s character? A child is single minded. There are only two words which are important for a child; Mom and Dad. Even though you are grown up, be like a child. Normally we are because even if you get married and go away from the parents home, when you come to your mother or father, you are like a child, just like the good ‘old days. It is most intimate. Who is the big Dad? God! He is the vertical, most giant Dad. True Parents are the horizontal parents. Both are Mom and Dad, therefore you feel great intimacy with God and intimacy with True Parents. Do you like that? Therefore, whatever your parents want, in our case, what our True Parents want, that is where everything centers. You can follow the instructions to go to your hometown; we can have things and have a full life.

The conclusion: by laying such incredible indemnity and by paying the most incredible suffering, what Father and Mother are tying to accomplish is the liberation of humankind. Why is that? Because through the liberation of humanity, God can be liberated. Liberation has occurred and there is no more persecution or adversity, no one is trying to persecute Reverend Moon anymore. That means liberation has occurred. Even Kim Il Sung, who has the most evil mind, has disappeared. Even the CIA and KGB have disappeared. The entire world is now saying, “Welcome Reverend Moon. Welcome Father and welcome Mother.”

What is our job to be done? There is only one job: talk. Speak the truth. Speak good words and what will happen? You can open up your baggage and see what you have inside. Just talk about life and you will meet people. You will give and take with feeling and heartistic relationship occurs. Then what happens? Unification. The end result is unification. The amazing thing is that God has given everyone a wisdom. Wisdom means sense and a power of judgement. You can judge a situation. You don’t even need to tell them. Once they see a good direction and good result and good behavior they are going to follow you and the way your are going.

What do you Unificationists think? If you go out, do you have something to tell? Do you have a story or don’t you have a story? [We do.] When you tell the story are you going to be overpowered by the other side or will you overpower them? [We’ll overpower them.] When Father went to North Korea, North Korea mobilized the most intellectual among intellectuals trying to overpower Father ideologically and philosophically, trying to intimidate him. But Father saw their weaknesses immediately. Father asked them several questions and those intellectuals were immediately flattened out! They had to surrender. Later on they became frozen, then later trembled. They could not open their mouths. This is not just somebody’s story; Father experienced this a few days ago in North Korea.

By the unification of the new nation, the day has come for the liberation of humankind and the liberation of God. Amen!

Shall we all stand? Let us have three cheers for True Parents. Remember this is the first Mansei of 1992. Right? You know what to do, right? Aboji! Mansei! Omoni! Mansei! Cham pumonim! Mansei!


The Synergy Trial was a phase 2 clinical trial designed to further investigate the safety and efficacy of KPAX002 for the treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) .  KPAX002 is a combination of a low-dose CNS stimulant plus a mitochondrial modulator designed to lessen fatigue and concentration disturbance symptoms in patients with ME/CFS.

Treatment utilizing KPAX002 lessened overall CFS symptoms and concentration disturbances (brain fog) in a majority of the study subjects. Our findings included:

- Patients taking KPAX002 had substantially greater improvement in all four CIS subscrores than those taking placebo after 12 weeks.


Tag Archives: sell my business Minnesota

How to Value a Business

At Opportunities in Business, we’ve been appraising small, closely-held businesses of all kinds for over 30 years. While the most obvious reason to appraise a business is when it’s changing hands in a buy/sell agreement, business appraisals are also needed for estate planning, stockholder disputes, tax disputes, and divorce settlements.

“Fair market value” of a business won’t be found in your financial statements or tax returns: It’s much more complicated than that, and ultimately depends on buyer perspective.

Business valuation is complex, subjective, and very dependent on somewhat abstract factors such as location and anticipated earnings. Here are three primary strategies we rely on, as a professional business brokerage firm. A thoughtful analysis will evaluate from all three perspectives to triangulate a realistic value for your company,

Assets-based analysis

For the most basic evaluation, calculate the value of a business’s hard assets, minus its debts. For example, a building contractor owns trucks, tools, and equipment: estimate the resale value of these hard assets and subtract business debts to reach an asset-based value. This method tends to establish a low company value because it doesn’t take into account the vital but intangible “goodwill” accrued by the company.

What is “goodwill?” According to Investopedia.com, “Goodwill is an intangible asset… The value of a company’s brand name, solid customer base, good customer relations, good employee relations and any patents or proprietary technology represent goodwill. Goodwill is considered an intangible asset because it is not a physical asset like buildings or equipment.”

Companies typically have at least some goodwill–for example, a thriving restaurant or spa–so an asset-based valuation will be too low.

Another common valuation technique is developing metrics based on the sales price and profits of similar companies. For example, accounting firms may trade at one times gross recurring fees while home/office security businesses may typically sell for two times their earnings. To make an accurate analysis, evaluation begins by selecting a group of companies which share industry, size, and region. Industry conferences and publications are good places to get a starting point on this multiplier.

The usefulness of comparables is limited, however. The resources for comparable data do not provide enough details to ascertain whether the businesses used for comparison are really comparable.

Earnings based methods are the most common methods used for businesses which are profitable. The various methods first define the earnings of the business, and then assess risk factors to determine multiplier and capitalization rates.

Ultimately, a business is like any commodity. It is worth what a buyer will pay for it, and if they have a strategic reason to acquire it, the sky may be the limit. However, having a professional evaluation of the business value is a crucial component to engaging in a successful sale.

Want to learn more? Give us a call today at 612-331-8392!

How to Prepare Your Business to Sell

Selling a business is a milestone most business owners will eventually encounter. Whether motivated by retirement, potential profit, or external circumstances, selling a business is a high-stakes undertaking and demands plenty of due diligence to ensure the best outcome.

Even if you’re not ready to sell, it’s smart to view your business through a buyer’s lens. Just as you’d want to keep your home in good condition in case you suddenly need to put it on the market, you benefit from a business in which loose ends are tied up and books and documents are in order.

Here are 5 steps to take to ensure that your business is ready to go on the market and attract top-value offers.

First…Obtain a business valuation. Hire an experienced professional entity to analyze your business and establish its value. Business brokers, investment banking firms and accounting firms offer this service. Find one with experience in your industry, and get an objective assessment of your business’s financial situation, market position, strengths, and weaknesses. Opportunities in Business has been doing valuations for over 30 years.

Second…Put your books in order. Buyers typically require at least a three-year financial track record, and it’s important that your taxes are up to date and in order.

Third…Review and organize all legal paperwork. Track down all permits, leases, incorporation papers, licensing agreements, vendor contracts, customer contracts, etc..

Fourth…Focus on sales and growth. Buyers will closely examine the growth potential of your company. As you ramp up to putting your business on the market, it’s a good strategy to grow your sales efforts and invest in growth initiatives. Don’t focus exclusively on gross revenue; most buyers will rely on net or EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization). An attractive EBITDA is key to a higher price.

Fifth…Perform a SWOT analysis, defining your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Buyers will negotiate by targeting your weaknesses and threats: you’ve got to be prepared to defend yourself, and to counter with emphasis on strengths and opportunities. Identify and address problems now. If you have fires, put them out. If you have skeletons, rehearse how to explain them succinctly and clearly, and then move on.

If you’d like to talk to an expert about your business and what you need to do to sell it, please give us a call at 612-331-8392.

How to Select a Business Broker

Smart sellers engage business brokers to maximize value and ensure a smooth transaction. As you shop for a business brokerage firm, it’s your responsibility to ask the right questions so you select the right party to sell your business.

Here are some questions to get you started, grouped into three general categories: experience, marketing, and administration. Choosing the best broker for your situation is crucial to getting top dollar with minimal headaches, so take your time interviewing candidates.

How long have you been a business broker?

Experience is crucial in this business–it’s a huge part of the value proposition you’re paying for with your commission. If the agent you’re interviewing doesn’t have a long track record, they can still do a good job providing that they get adequate support from their highly experienced colleagues. Ask detailed questions to confirm that you’ll be benefiting from experienced professionals. Also, confirm how long they’ve been with their present firm. While it’s normal to change firms occasionally, excessive transitions suggest a problem.

In what industries have you sold businesses?

If the broker hasn’t sold any businesses in your industry, they can still do a good job if they exercise due diligence and learn about the field. Ask them to share their experience in your industry. If it’s new to them, they should explain how experience with other clients will contribute to success, and how they’ll come up to speed in your industry.

How many listings do you have?

A qualified business broker should have a number of active listings at any time–generally between 15 and 20. If their number is on the low side, find out why. If their number is on the high side, ask them about the size and performance of their administrative and support staff.

How many businesses do you sell annually?

A typical annual volume is eight to ten businesses a year. If the number is lower, find out why. If they sell very large businesses, a smaller number may be acceptable, but it’s important to learn more.

How many businesses have you sold in total?

More sales equals more experience. Again, if your prospective broker doesn’t have extensive experience, but has excellent support from colleagues and the resources of a large, established firm, she or he may be a suitable candidate.

What is your closing ratio?

When you get an offer, you want it to close successfully. Find out the closing ratio of your candidate, and ask what pitfalls they’ve encountered in the past which have disrupted closing, and what steps they’ve taken to address the problems.

Do you have testimonials?

Ask for testimonials and contact references. However, remember that business sales are confidential and brokers cannot disclose the information on any completed transactions without the seller’s permission.

How do you determine the value of my business?

A professional valuation of your business is one of the main benefits of retaining a business broker. You want a brokerage which stringently determines your business’s worth. They must consult industry standards, examine business comps and run calculations to come up with an accurate and realistic number. They also need to be transparent in this process, sharing the data with you to justify their conclusions. Correct pricing is crucial to a timely sale.

Do you have a database of buyers? How big?

A digital database sorting potential buyers can speed up a sale.

What’s your process for qualifying buyers?

Brokers have a duty to protect your privacy, so they shouldn’t share details about your business recklessly. Before the firm shares financials on your business, what measures do they take to qualify buyers?

Do you assist with obtaining financing?

Financing has undergone big changes in recent years. Make sure your broker knows what financial institutions are interested in financing your business.

Do you have reliable attorneys, lenders and tax specialists?

Deals often disintegrate because other parties such as attorneys, lenders and tax specialists drop the ball. Seek a firm that has established relationships with these professionals. There are a lot of moving parts in a high-stakes transaction, so clear expectations and a proven sequence of steps are crucial. For example, to minimize tax liability they must engage tax specialists to assist with structuring the deal before the business changes hands.

Check-out our recent list of businesses we’ve sold!

Selling a Business Via a Business Brokerage Firm: The Five Big Questions

I’m concerned about confidentiality. Will the brokerage protect my privacy?

Experienced business brokers in reputable firms have systems in place to protect the confidentiality of clients and details about their businesses. To further protect seller interests, prospective buyers must complete binding non-disclosure and/or confidentiality agreements and provide financial statements and bank references before they are granted access to essential business information.

Isn’t a business broker just the same as a real estate broker?

It’s true that business brokerage began as simply a subset of real estate brokerage about four decades ago, but the two industries have diverged completely since then. While business brokers in Minnesota (and many other states) are licensed identically to real estate brokers, the business brokerage industry has such singular requirements and challenges that it doesn’t functionally overlap with either commercial or residential real estate brokerage. As with any specialization, expertise is the result of many years of experience focusing exclusively on the niche.

Can’t I can sell my business myself? How does a business broker add value?

Like a good accountant, lawyer or other professional, business brokers contribute value according to their experience, education, and knowledge of the requirements and best practices of their industry. Yes, you can sell your business yourself: likewise, you can also do your own taxes and represent yourself in court, but doing so successfully requires a huge investment in time and education. It also comes with potentially costly risks.

Thanks to our experience and training, we know:

  • how to value a business
  • current market conditions
  • where to find reliable data
  • the challenges and issues likely to arise
  • where to find money for business transactions
  • the crucial details and checklists to complete a transaction smoothly
  • how to comply with legal regulations

Further, we serve as a buffer between the seller and buyer, engaging both parties with effective negotiation skills based on extensive experience and industry knowledge.

But why are the fees so high? Is it worth it?

Fees are based on a percentage of the selling price and have remained constant for many years. Hiring a professional business broker has three concrete financial benefits for the seller:

  • We expose the business to many more potential buyers than an individual seller can, enabling a quicker sale at a higher price
  • We have the expertise to accurately evaluate the business and ensure the listing is priced right and attractively described
  • We handle the details of the transaction with expertise to protect both buyer and seller, preventing costly mistakes, misunderstandings or misrepresentations

My business is special — do you have experience selling businesses in my industry?

At Opportunities In Business, we’ve got over 35 years of experience and we have sold in every SIC code or industry. Browse our listings and you’ll see successful sales of businesses from wholesale manufacturing to laundromats to credit card processing to cafes. With every account, we dive deeply into the business and the industry. Our standard process involves gathering lots of information and asking essential questions to fill in any gaps. Selling the business relies on a different skill set than running the business. We’ve yet to encounter a business so unique and specialized we couldn’t adequately represent it.

Check-out some of the recent businesses we’ve sold! http://oibmn.com/listing_status/sold/


cop car lights night pulled overFlickr/AppleSwitch

A vehicle is stolen every 45 seconds in the United States, according to the FBI.

Despite the rate of thefts falling in past years due to better technology and increased awareness, some areas are still not great places to park your ride.

The National Insurance Crime Bureau compiled the top 10 cities for vehicle theft by comparing the population of a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), with FBI crime statistics and census data.

Compiling the data was no easy task, said Frank Scafidi, Director of Public Affairs for the bureau. Because MSA's often have multiple towns within the area, NICB staff had to comb through each one to find component police forces, and then compute a total number of thefts for the MSA in a given year.

Each area's rate of theft was determined by dividing the total number of car thefts (in 2014) by the estimated population of the area. The resulting decimal was then multiplied by a factor of 100,000 so that the rate corresponds to thefts per 100,000 people.

As states go, California tops the list. San Francisco alone was blemished by almost 30,000 vehicle thefts in 2014. Cities in the Golden State make up seven of the top 10.

The best place to avoid having your car stolen? State College, Pennsylvania had just 34 vehicle thefts in 2014. Impressive, for a place with over 95,000 students and their cars.

View As: One Page Slides


Category Archives: Case Study

exploded transparent car

As Liquidmetal technology gains exposure to engineers in a variety of industries, applications that stand to benefit from the process are illuminated. The automotive industry has a vast landscape of components, each requiring a very specific set of attributes. These attributes are often mission critical, as the safety of millions is on the line.

Daniel_Craig_is_seen_at_the_OMEGA_Factory_Visit_in_Switzerland_2 sm The OMEGA Seamaster 300 “SPECTRE” Limited Edition will be worn by Daniel Craig in his upcoming role as James Bond in the 24th instalment of the film series, SPECTRE.

With a host of procedures covering a wide range of physical demands, minimally invasive medical devices are produced by the millions every year. Common procedures include: Aortic valve surgery, appendectomies, biopsy tumors, and arthroscopy of most joints. Many devices or the components they are composed of contain parts that are currently CNC machined, injection molded, investment cast, stamped, or fine blanked. Liquidmetal technology is often a good alternative to these expensive, time-consuming processes.

Liquidmetal alloys’ strongest asset is likely its incredible precision and repeatability. When it comes to surgery on the human body, every patient and doctor demands the highest level of precision and accuracy from the equipment used. Liquidmetal alloys offer precision in relatively uncharted territory with part-to-part variation at 0.0003-0.0006” and dimensional tolerances at 0.0005- 0.0015”. CNC machining generally can achieve part-to-part variation of 0.0005-0.0010” and dimensional tolerances of 0.0007-0.0015”.

Group of dedicated surgeons and doctors working as a team during surgery - Copyspace

Durability is a critical factor in all medical equipment, but especially components that are expected to perform with high precision in harsh environments. Liquidmetal alloys’ strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance perform equally or better than commonly used materials like 17-4PH, 316L and 420 stainless steels.

Sporting arms components face a unique set of challenges and requirements because of the complexity and nature of the equipment. Market demands typically incorporate weight, durability, customization, and precision as areas for improvement. Manufacturers often face cost or technology restrictions when considering which of these technology improvements they will incorporate into a part. This case study outlines how Liquidmetal technology could overcome many trade-offs manufacturers must make when designing and producing a sporting arms component.

With Liquidmetal alloys – what you mold is what you get. This means custom designs like laser etching, hand engravings, or CNC machined markings can be molded into the part with remarkable precision. A part normally hand engraved can now be replicated thousands of times, with only one engraving on the mold cavity surface.

Engineers face an extra challenge when designing and manufacturing metal parts for marine applications. The harsh oceanic environment wears on equipment with the corrosive nature of salt, along with other unforgiving natural elements. SCUBA equipment must not only withstand these elements, but also perform at a high-level throughout the life of the product. Because of this challenging environment, it can be difficult to find a material that is corrosion resistant, economical, durable, and lightweight.

Regulator and pressure-gauge for diving. Isolated on white.

With all the above factors in mind, this case study will dive into Liquidmetal alloys’ potential performance in SCUBA equipment – specifically the regulator system. Regulator systems require significant durability, precision, low weight, and has improved in recent years with the integration of titanium alloys. Titanium regulator components have allowed manufacturers to develop SCUBA equipment that is more durable and significantly lighter than previous materials, two critical attributes. Liquidmetal amorphous alloys outperform titanium in almost every specification; including strength, hardness, and density.

One of our most popular case studies compares various manufacturing methods for a missile component that controls flight. Supersonic missiles are highly sensitive to the exact geometry of control surfaces and precision is mission critical. Canards (French for “duck”) are the pivoting fins attached to the side body of missiles ahead of the main wing that provide stability and maneuverability for a projectile. Supersonic missiles must also shift between subsonic and supersonic speeds and canards affect the airflow against the main wing, altering the center of mass, and shifting the aerodynamic center. Thus, any deviation in geometric specifications will greatly affect flight control, causing extra turbulence and unanticipated movement.

Surgical stapling procedures have been in practice for over 100 years. Hungarian physician Dr. Humor Hultl is credited as the first surgeon to utilize stapling on a patient. Various stapling devices have been developed over the years, but the basic concept is unchanged and relies heavily on anvils with “precisely shaped pockets” to produce well-formed and secure staples. Typical surgical staples utilize stainless steel and titanium alloys which fire with controlled force sometimes excising and joining tissues simultaneously.

A recent project, along with your feedback, has resulted in successful chess set designs by our summer intern, Cassidy Stevick.

Several people suggested a simple Staunton design to enable players to more easily distinguish the rank and position of the pieces. We have chosen to incorporate a few of these design elements, yet remain close to the original Liquidmetal theme. Traditional Staunton designs are technically possible, but please allow me to explain our intent and direction.

One of the prototypes that we have produced recently is moving closer to production. The prototype showcases the extraordinary elastic properties of Liquidmetal as a clamp. To protect customer confidentiality, we have disguised the geometry but are reporting actual results. We hope these will be of interest to other existing and potential customers.

In the first prototypes, two clamp spring designs were evaluated. A comparable steel solution would be expected to lose efficacy within 100 cycles, as the steel would yield and the clamp force would decrease. For this prototype design, a goal of at least 200 cycles without a decrease in the clamp force was specified. The clamp needed to be opened to create a gap close to the diameter of the circular clamp when closed (about 12mm).

Liquidmetal alloy has high resistance to corrosion for a number of reasons. Firstly, crystal defects, such as grain boundaries and dislocations, can act like galvanic cells to initiate localized corrosion – Liquidmetal does not have any such defects. Secondly, the elements we use in Liquidmetal form mechanically stable oxides which act as a passivating layer. Thirdly, the passivating layers form uniformly on the Liquidmetal surface, and so passivating elements are more effective than similar elements in a crystalline alloy.

Over the years, Liquidmetal Technologies have done various corrosion studies on our materials, and we are taking the chance to summarize some of the results here.

UPDATE: The Liquidmetal Hybrid Knife is now available for purchase on our website. Formed using the Liquidmetal process, the hybrid knife is artistically designed and backed by a breakthrough technology. The two-piece knife is not a fixed blade or a folding knife, relying on the incredible precision of the Liquidmetal process to create a tight fit between the blade and protector. You can read more about the science and R&D behind the Liquidmetal Knife in a case study here.

In the parts industry there are mechanical parts (brackets, frames, mounts, housings, etc.) which drive product performance, and cosmetic parts (bezels, cases, trim, grilles, etc.) which drive product appeal.

Often, a part is required which attempts to fulfil both these functions, but with limitations in one area or the other. Cosmetic materials such as brass, silver, gold, and platinum do not typically have extraordinary strength, stiffness, hardness or wear resistance. On the other hand, widely used engineering materials such as titanium, steel, and copper alloys are difficult to make appealing to the eye without expensive coatings or paint which are themselves subject to scratching, flaking, and oxidizing.

Liquidmetal has made millions of parts for cell phones for marquee customers, including Samsung, Nokia and Motorola. Apple now holds an exclusive license for Liquidmetal consumer electronics.

Why Liquidmetal? A Liquidmetal case is nearly indestructible, has a beautiful as-cast mirror finish, and is highly resistant to scratches and corrosion. Each case produced from Liquidmetal has exactly the same shape, allowing parts to fit together precisely. In addition, a Liquidmetal case can be opened and closed thousands of times without the slightest deformation, even when subject to extreme force. The same is true for clamps, whether used as part of a case design or other device. A Liquidmetal clamp will hold with the same force after thousands of uses.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for imaging soft tissue in clinical and pre-clinical medicine for many reasons. Not only does MRI provide excellent contrast between various tissue types, but it does not require the use of ionizing radiation such as x-rays (CT Scanners) or gamma-rays (PET scanners). The theory of MRI is based on the interaction of subatomic particles with magnetic fields in a process called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which describes how atomic nuclei with a quantum property called ‘spin’ precess in a magnetic field the same way that a gyroscope or a spinning-top precesses in the earth’s gravitational field (if you’re not familiar with gyroscope precession, watch this video).

For this reason, the primary component of an MRI scanner is a very powerful magnet, which generates a very strong magnetic field (typically 1.5-3 Tesla, or about 3,000 times the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field) where the object is being imaged, and also in the region surrounding the magnet.

There is a secret to designing an explosive device that penetrates heavy armor. More than a hundred years ago designers discovered a munitions device is more powerful when the explosive material is pressed into a concave shape on the open end of the casing, creating a cavity. When detonated, at just the right distance from the target, the force of a shaped charge can penetrate the thickest armor. When the cavity is covered by a copper or glass liner, the force from the explosive is much stronger. While in use for decades, the properties of this phenomenon were not fully understood. Pioneering work from the world-renowned Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory now allows the properties of the supersonic jet that escapes from lined shaped charges upon detonation to be accurately modeled. Detonation forces the liner to collapse inwardly with tremendous force, projecting a tightly focused jet of liner material with enormous energy.


Friday, March 31, 2017

Polar dwarf galaxy structure of the milky way is breaking up.

See article

the article says: "" Their simulations showed the vast polar structure breaking up and dispersing, indicating that the plane is not as old as originally thought and formed later in the evolution of the galaxy.""
According to Q-FFF Theory, this polar structure is based on 2e order GABHs ( Galaxy Anchor Black Holes) of smaller merger galaxies than the MW.
The breaking up is the result of the starting elliptical form of the galaxy by mutual repulsion as Herbig Haro system do. ( more 2e generation GABHs means more ellipticity.)

Also according to Q-FFF Theory is that BLACK HOLES are the same as DARK MATTER. so: The title is not  correct about "at edge of " because all satellite galaxies should coexist with DM.

"Satellite galaxies at edge of Milky Way coexist with dark matter"

Thursday, March 30, 2017

Solar Starspot Lighthouse-Pencil Gravity Effect on Earth's air pressure dynamics like jet streams.

Earth Weather Jet Stream influenced (Rossby effect) by Solar Lighthouse Pencil gravity waves with gravitating Sunspot (Crashed Comet micro black holes) alignment origin. According to Quantum FFF Theory.
For more gravity lighthouse effects see also:
For recent  Solar magnetic alternative see :

Wednesday, March 29, 2017

Dual opposite Pressure Vector Diagrams for all attraction and repulsion forces.

IMHO, I would suggest that all attraction or repelling  forces are the result of two opposite interactions between the oscillating vacuum and all other photon information.
Then gravity is the opposing pressure result between gravitons and what I would call  Axion-Higgs vacuum particles.
 See:  Dual opposite Pressure Vector Diagrams for all attraction and repulsion forces.

Cold Spot and Supervoid Alignment in the CMB, CP symmetric multiverse related.

Supervoid alignment with the Cold Spot in the Cosmic Microwave Background. ( l,b: 209/-57 degr.)  a strong support for a Charge Parity entangled symmetric multiverse big bang theory.

see also:  Inflationary Primordial Black Holes as All Dark Matter.

Tuesday, March 28, 2017

Could the Hawking Black Hole be Wrong due to entropy decrease?l

An Alternative Stringy Black Hole nucleus with Entropy Decrease and Plasma Creation.

In particle physics it is an interesting challenge to postulate that the sub quantum FORM and structure of elementary particles is the origin of different FUNCTIONS of these particles.   In my former paper “3-Dimensional String based alternative particle model.” I presented a possible solution based on complex 3-D ring shaped rigid string particles based on only one massless Axion–Higgs based transformable ring  .
The system is called Quantum FFF Theory. (Function Follows Form Theory)
Now this paper presents the possible consequences of such a 3-D string particle system for Black hole string knot based nuclei, such as repulsive quantum gravity form dark energy based Axion-Higgs space and a new fermion repelling black hole horizon with decreasing entropy and pair production (e-e+) forming positive quark quantum knots and electron based plasma.

In Quantum FFF Theory, it is assumed that the vacuum is seeded with  “new” massless Axion-Higgs vacuum particles, able to transform into real rigid string based photon and fermion particles .
All vacuum particles seem to oscillate inside the chiral vacuum lattice system
This system is assumed to be able to transfer all photonic energy in wave form until a fermionic barrier ( like a screen) does change an Axion-Higgs (AH) particle into a  real photon particles (wave particle duality).
This is reason to postulate that AH particles are the origin of all energy and Matter in the universe.
If by a local energy excess, two oscillating AH particles collide head-on with enough excess of energy, it is assumed that at first an electron and positron emerges by the transformation  two AH particles.
Due to the propeller shape of the Fermions with left or right handed spin, they start to spin automatically by the constant collision and scattering process with the AH vacuum.
As a collision result,  AH particles continuously transform into different forms of Photon/Gluons.
This scattering system is supposed to be the origin of all “eigenenergy” of fermions and all radiation and energy in the universe including Quantum gravity also called double LeSage gravity.
It is proposed, that at the globular horizon of black holes, AH particles are constantly producing numerous twins of electrons and positrons, ( pair production) due to spacetime (vacuum lattice) concentration by deformation.
However it is postulated, that only a small part of the electrons and positrons annihilate, because the new 3-D particle system allows electrons and positrons to form COMPOUND QUARKS by the new 3D String particle paradigm
At the same time,  the complex double spin of fermions  seems to be the origin of all material MOTION,  through the thick energetic soup of the Planck scaled Higgs vacuum lattice and the origin of a so called SPIN-FLIP with REPELLING abilities , at a certain distance from the black hole horizon,.
As a result these properties are reason to formulate a new black hole paradigm , different from the Hawking black hole.

Dual Black Hole dancing process to form star forming Herbig Haro systems with bar in between. see also±

Big Bang Black Hole Nucleus Splitting and Pairing process after a Big Crunch  by central eating of small black holes.

Sunday, March 26, 2017

Black hole mass related merger dynamics and universal contraction.

6000 small S-Nova black holes in the Milky Way center (green spots below) is a  support for the BH family distribution according to Quantum FFF Theory. (see right below).  However Abell 520 cluster seems to centralize  massive 1e an 2e Galaxy Anchor BHs (GABHs) in a DM core after merging of three clusters.(below left).

Thursday, March 23, 2017

Do we live inside a 3D simulator multiverse, with a steering wheel in our hands and a break/ veto pedal?

IMHO, we live in one part of a restricted number (8-12) of REAL not simulated, CP symmetric entangled universes, which can be compared with a raspberry shaped Multiverse with instant Pilot Wave entanglement between CP (Charge Parity) symmetric copy particles (Quanta) at long multiverse distances, to keep all universes each others exact CP symmetric copies.
As a consequence, we are individual partners of a group "copy selfs" only able to initiate and VETO an act or decision for the rest of the group.
Benjamin Libet already suggested in1964 comparable possibilities about our free will based on his measurements of brain- muscle reaction times of about 500 msec. see:
(Democratic Free Will and Telepathy in the Instant Entangled Multiverse.)
and: CP Symmetry Between Material and Anti Material Copy Universes Combined with Local- and Multi-Universal Cycle Time.  and:

Conclusion, still we may look at one of 8 or 12 fold 3D synchonized simulator screens. with interconnected steering wheels but individual Break/Veto pedals for individual veto action, which is the only "free will" we may have.
So if we are not enough educated in social responsibility, then aggression and even war will be around the corner.

Tuesday, March 21, 2017

Many Worlds (8 or 12) with instant Pilot Wave entanglement between CP symmetric copy particles= Quantum FFF Theory.

Quantum FFF Theory can be compared with Many Worlds (8 or 12) with instant Pilot Wave entanglement between CP (Charge Parity) symmetric copy particles (Quanta) at long multiversal distances, to keep all universes CP symmetric copies.

Monday, March 20, 2017

Less Dark Matter Rotation Influence on Early Galaxies.

According to Quantum FFF Theory. ( Function Follows Form) Dark Matter is the same as Black Holes of variable sizes.  see:
young galaxies start only with Super Nova Dark Matter Black Hole production located in the galaxy Halo bubble and line by line merging into the central giant BH. Second:  after merging with other galaxies, the dark matter content suddenly increases.

See: Distant galaxies lack dark matter, study suggests.

Different families of Dark Matter Black Holes.
Primary- Secondary Galaxy Anchor Black Holes (GABHs), (Globular Dwarfs) one growing Central BH and Stellar/Dwarf Anchor Black Holes, (SABHs), According to Quantum FFF Theory.

How does all these black holes keep their mutual distance? exept for the small BH near the central BH and BHs with LIGO ratios?
By hydrogen pushing tails produced by the BH itself via pair and quark production at their horizons, pushing away from the local center of gravity.
see below:

Thursday, March 16, 2017

DarkMatter Black Holes are Entropy Dumpsters eating the dark energy vacuum.

Galaxy cluster based Dark Matter Black Hole vacuum eating as the origin of the Hubble Redshift and background lensing effects by Planck length variation.
A strong support for the non Accelerating but Decelerating universal expansion.

Wednesday, March 15, 2017

Ellipsoidal Relativistic Quantum Field ( LASOF) around the earth in motion through the sun's LASOF.

See also:
Experiments to determine the mass related Lightspeed extinction volume
around the Earth and around spinning objects in the Lab.

Support for a local variable lightspeed inside an ellipsoidal transition zone around the earth.
According to Quantum FFF Theory, the earth gravity related LASOF ( Local A Symmetric Oscillating vacuum Frame) is dragging the lightspeed inside an ellipsoidal shaped speed transition volume around the earth inside the solar reference LASOF, with full extinction effect at the edges.
The Michelson and Morley experiment observed that at the earth surface there is NO vacuum or ether effect.
However at higher altitudes there seems to be an ellipsoidal transition zone .
 Supported by lightspeed outlier comparison between CHAMP tandem satellites done by Tae Suk Bae ( doctoral thesis Ohio state university) see also:
(The O‘Connell effect in eclipsing binaries explained by mass
related light speed extinction distances (LASOF) of stars and even

Galaxy Anchor Black Hole (GABH) as the origin of the observed flat Relativistic Quantum Field based rotation curve of galaxy stars and hydrogen.
According to Quantum FFF Theory.

Saturday, March 11, 2017

The Origin of the Changing Hubble Redshift of Distant Objects and Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and the Origin of the changing Hubble Redshift of distant objects explained by INcreasing and DEcreasing lattice Planck length with one directional local lightspeed variation around vacuum eating black holes.
INcrease or DEcrease of the local Planck length around proliferated black holes, lead to one directional lightspeed variations and variations of the Hubble redshift by dynamical changes in the foreground configuration of standard candles like Supernova BHs..
So this is a beginning of reconciliation between relativity and quantum mechanics called relativistic quantum mechanics.
The quantification of space to meet relativity rules at a certain level. with the ability to test the differences between them, in the lab by dual satellites or dual balloons. see:

Explanation of the Relativistic Quantum Field 3D logic behind the variable lightspeed around black holes. Each vacuum lattice tetrahedron has four nodes connecting four opposing tetrahedrons.
Each tetrahedron has 6 chiral edges each equipped by two mass less oscillating Axion-Higgs vacuum particles arriving at the same interval (the same universal synchronized moment) at the nodes to transfer their photon information to a second Axion Higgs particle active oscillating on one of possible three opposite edges of the opposing tetrahedron. If the tetrahedrons become anti-symmetric as suggested around black holes, (see image) the length of the edges change and consequently the lightspeed changes also by the difference in length of the photon trajectory within the same interval of oscillation between the nodes.

A second example of a Relativistic Quantum Field is the ellipsoidal transition zone volume around the earth, see below.
The earth is able to drag the lightspeed around it up to a very long distance. see also: and


Last reviewed on June 6, 2017

Glossary of Terms Used in Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Activity Data
Data on the magnitude of a human activity resulting in emissions or removals taking place during a given period of time. Data on energy use, metal production, land areas, management systems, lime and fertilizer use and waste arisings are examples of activity data. (IPCC)
A collection of airborne solid or liquid particles, with a typical size between 0.01 and 10 micrometer that reside in the atmosphere for at least several hours. Aerosols may be of either natural or anthropogenic origin. Aerosols may influence climate in several ways: directly through scattering and absorbing radiation, and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei or modifying the optical properties and lifetime of clouds (IPCC2)
Planting of new forests on lands that historically have not contained forests. (IPCC2)
Air Pollutant
Any man-made and/or natural substance occurring in the atmosphere that may result in adverse effects to humans, animals, vegetation, and/or materials. (CARB)
The term "anthropogenic", in the context of greenhouse gas inventories, refers to greenhouse gas emissions and removals that are a direct result of human activities or are the result of natural processes that have been affected by human activities. (USEPA2)

Baseline Emissions
A baseline is a measurement, calculation, or time used as a basis for comparison. Baseline emissions are the level of emissions that would occur without policy intervention or without implementation of a project. Baseline estimates are needed to determine the effectiveness of emission reduction programs (also called mitigation strategies).
Base Year
The starting year for the inventory. Targets for reducing GHG emissions are often defined in relation to the base year. Under AB 32, the base year for California's greenhouse gas inventory is 1990.
Produced by the biological processes of living organisms. Note that we use the term "biogenic" to refer only to recently produced (that is non-fossil) material of biological origin. IPCC guidelines recommend that peat be treated as a fossil carbon because it takes a long time to replace harvested peat.
Biogeochemical Cycle
Movements through the Earth system of key chemical constituents essential to life, such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus. (NASA)
Either (1) the total mass of living organisms in a given area or of a given species usually expressed as dry weight; or (2) Organic matter consisting of or recently derived from living organisms (especially regarded as fuel) excluding peat. Includes products, by-products and waste derived from such material. (IPCC1)
Biomass Waste
Organic non-fossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product. "Biomass waste" includes municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural crop byproducts, straw, and other biomass solids, liquids, and gases; but excludes wood and wood-derived fuels (including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel, and fuel ethanol. Note: EIA "biomass waste" data also include energy crops grown specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste. (EIA)
Black Carbon
Operationally defined aerosol species based on measurement of light absorption and chemical reactivity and/or thermal stability; consists of soot, charcoal and/or possible light absorbing refractory organic matter (Charlson and Heintzenberg, 1995, p. 401). (IPCC2)

Carbon Cycle
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e)
A metric used to compare emissions of various greenhouse gases. It is the mass of carbon dioxide that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as a given mass of another greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents are computed by multiplying the mass of the gas emitted by its global warming potential.
Carbon Equivalent (CE)
A metric measure used to compare the emissions of the different greenhouse gases based upon their global warming potential. Carbon equivalents can be calculated from to carbon dioxide equivalents by multiplying the carbon dioxide equivalents by 12/44 (the ratio of the molecular weight of carbon to that of carbon dioxide). The use of carbon equivalent is declining in GHG inventories.
Carbon Intensity
Carbon Sequestration
This refers to the capture of CO2 from the atmosphere and its long term storage in oceans (oceanic carbon sequestration), in biomass and soils (terrestrial carbon sequestration) or in underground reservoirs (geologic carbon sequestration).
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Greenhouse gases covered under the 1987 Montreal Protocol and used for refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, solvents, or aerosol propellants. Because they are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere, CFCs drift into the upper atmosphere where, given suitable conditions, they break down ozone. These gases are being replaced by other compounds, including hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, which are greenhouse gases covered under the Kyoto Protocol. (IPCC3)
Climate Change
means an industrial structure, installation, plant, building, or self-generating facility that has sequential or simultaneous generation of multiple forms of useful energy (usually mechanical and thermal) in a single, integrated system. (CARB)
Combined heat and power (CHP)
is the simultaneous production of both electricity and useful heat for application by the producer or to be sold to other users with the aim of better utilisation of the energy used. Public utilities may utilise part of the heat produced in power plants and sell it for public heating purposes. Industries as auto-producers may sell part of the excess electricity produced to other industries or to electric utilities. (IPCC)
Consistency means that an inventory should be internally consistent in all its elements over a period of years. An inventory is consistent if the same methodologies are used for the base and all subsequent years and if consistent data sets are used to estimate emissions or removals from sources or sinks. (IPCC)
Continuous Emission Monitor (CEM)
A type of air emission monitoring system installed to operate continuously inside of a smokestack or other emission source. (CARB)
Criteria Air Pollutant
An air pollutant for which acceptable levels of exposure can be determined and for which an ambient air quality standard has been set. Examples include: ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and PM10 and PM2.5. The term "criteria air pollutants" derives from the requirement that the U.S. EPA must describe the characteristics and potential health and welfare effects of these pollutants. The U.S. EPA and CARB periodically review new scientific data and may propose revisions to the standards as a result. (CARB)

Distillate fuel oil

The release of a substance (usually a gas when referring to the subject of climate change) into the atmosphere. (USEPA1)
Emission Factor
A coefficient that quantifies the emissions or removals of a gas per unit activity. Emission factors are often based on a sample of measurement data, averaged to develop a representative rate of emission for a given activity level under a given set of operating conditions. (IPCC)
Emission Inventory
An estimate of the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere from major mobile, stationary, area-wide, and natural source categories over a specific period of time such as a day or a year. (CARB)
Emission Rate
The weight of a pollutant emitted per unit of time (e.g., tons / year). (CARB)
is the assessment of the value of an unmeasurable quantity using available data and knowledge within stated computational formulas or mathematical models.

Either (1) Raw materials, such as limestone, dolomite, lime, and silica sand, which are used to reduce the heat or other energy requirements of thermal processing of minerals (such as the smelting of metals). Fluxes also may serve a dual function as a slagging agent. (2) The rate of flow of any liquid or gas, across a given area; the amount of this crossing a given area in a given time. (e.g., "Flux of CO2 absorbed by forests").(IPCC)
Fossil Fuel
Geologic deposits of hydrocarbons from ancient biological origin, such as coal, petroleum and natural gas.
Fuel Combustion
fuel combustion is the intentional oxidation of materials within an apparatus that is designed to provide heat or mechanical work to a process, or for use away from the apparatus. (IPCC)
Fugitive Emissions
Emissions that are not emitted through an intentional release through stack or vent. This can include leaks from industrial plant and pipelines. (IPCC)

Geologic carbon sequestration
It is the process of injecting CO2 from a source, such as coal-fired electric generating power plant, through a well into the deep subsurface. With proper site selection and management, geologic sequestration could play a major role in reducing emissions of CO2. Research efforts to evaluate the technical aspects of CO2 geologic sequestration are underway. (USEPA4)
Global Warming
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32)
AB 32 requires the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop regulations and market mechanisms that will ultimately reduce California's greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent by 2020. Specifically, AB 32, requires CARB to: establish a statewide greenhouse gas emissions cap for 2020, based on 1990 emissions by January 1, 2008; adopt mandatory reporting rules for significant sources of greenhouse gases by January 1, 2009; adopt a scoping plan by January 1, 2009 indicating how emission reductions will be achieved from significant greenhouse gas sources via regulations, market mechanisms and other actions; adopt regulations by January 1, 2011 to achieve the maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reductions in greenhouse gas; and convene an Environmental Justice Advisory Committee, and an Economic and Technology Advancement Advisory Committee to advise CARB.
Greenhouse Effect
Trapping and build-up of heat in the atmosphere (troposphere) near the earth's surface. Some of the heat flowing back toward space from the earth's surface is absorbed by water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, and several other gases in the atmosphere and then reradiated back toward the earth's surface. If the atmospheric concentrations of these greenhouse gases rise, the average temperature of the lower atmosphere will gradually increase. (UNFCC)
Greenhouse Gas
Any gas that absorbs infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases include, but are not limited to, water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ozone (O3), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). (UNFCC)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The sum of gross value added, at purchasers' prices, by all resident and non-resident producers in the economy, plus any taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products in a country or a geographic region for a given period, normally one year. It is calculated without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. (IPCC3)

A collective term for the group of partially halogenated organic species, including the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), halons, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, etc. Many of the halocarbons have large Global Warming Potentials. The chlorine and bromine-containing halocarbons are also involved in the depletion of the ozone layer. (IPCC2)
Strictly defined as molecules containing only hydrogen and carbon. The term is often used more broadly to include any molecules in petroleum which also contains molecules with S, N, or O An unsaturated hydrocarbon is any hydrocarbon containing olefinic or aromatic structures. (IPCC)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Kyoto Protocol

Land Use and Land Use Change
Acronym for "Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry", a category of activities in GHG inventories.

Methane (CH4)
A hydrocarbon that is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential most recently estimated at 25 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Methane is produced through anaerobic (without oxygen) decomposition of waste in landfills, flooded rice fields, animal digestion, decomposition of animal wastes, production and distribution of natural gas and petroleum, coal production, and incomplete fossil fuel combustion. The GWP is from the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4).
Metric Ton
The tonne (t) or metric ton, sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is an international unit of mass. A metric ton is equal to a Megagram (Mg), 1000 kilograms, 2204.6 pounds, or 1.1023 short tons.
Million Metric Tons (MMT)
Common measurement used in GHG inventories. It is equal to a Teragram (Tg).
Mobile Sources
Sources of air pollution such as automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, off-road vehicles, boats, and airplanes. (CARB)
A model is a quantitatively-based abstraction of a real-world situation which may simplify or neglect certain features to better focus on its more important elements. (IPCC)
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Natural Sources
Non-manmade emission sources, including biological and geological sources, wildfires, and windblown dust. (CARB)
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
Gases consisting of one molecule of nitrogen and varying numbers of oxygen molecules. Nitrogen oxides are produced in the emissions of vehicle exhausts and from power stations. In the atmosphere, nitrogen oxides can contribute to formation of photochemical ozone (smog), can impair visibility, and have health consequences; they are thus considered pollutants. (NASA)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
A powerful greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 298 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Major sources of nitrous oxide include soil cultivation practices, especially the use of commercial and organic fertilizers, manure management, fossil fuel combustion, nitric acid production, and biomass burning. The GWP is from the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4).

Ozone (O3)
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)
A compound that contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) include CFCs, HCFCs, halons, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform. ODS are generally very stable in the troposphere and only degrade under intense ultraviolet light in the stratosphere. When they break down, they release chlorine or bromine atoms, which then deplete ozone. (IPCC)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
A group of human-made chemicals composed of carbon and fluorine only. These chemicals (predominantly CF4 and C2F6) were introduced as alternatives, along with hydrofluorocarbons, to the ozone depleting substances. In addition, PFCs are emitted as by-products of industrial processes and are also used in manufacturing. PFCs do not harm the stratospheric ozone layer, but they are powerful greenhouse gases: CF4 has a global warming potential (GWP) of 7,390 and C2F6 has a GWP of 12,200. The GWP is from the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4).
Point Sources
Specific points of origin where pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere such as factory smokestacks. (CARB)
Process emissions
Emissions from industrial processes involving chemical transformations other than combustion. (IPCC)

Radiative Forcing
A change in the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (i.e., thermal) radiation. Without any radiative forcing, solar radiation coming to the Earth would continue to be approximately equal to the infrared radiation emitted from the Earth. The addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere traps an increased fraction of the infrared radiation, reradiating it back toward the surface of the Earth and thereby creates a warming influence. (UNFCC)
Planting of forests on lands that have previously contained forests but that have been converted to some other use. (IPCC2)
The act of renewing tree cover by establishing young trees, naturally or artificially - note regeneration usually maintains the same forest type and is done promptly after the previous stand or forest was removed. (CSU)
Residence Time
Average time spent in a reservoir by an individual atom or molecule. Also, this term is used to define the age of a molecule when it leaves the reservoir. With respect to greenhouse gases, residence time usually refers to how long a particular molecule remains in the atmosphere. (UNFCC)
Either (1) a component or components of the climate system where a greenhouse gas or a precursor of a greenhouse gas is stored; or (2) Water bodies regulated for human activities (energy production, irrigation, navigation, recreation etc.) where substantial changes in water area due to water level regulation may occur. (IPCC)
The process whereby living organisms convert organic matter to carbon dioxide, releasing energy and consuming molecular oxygen. (IPCC2)

Short Ton
Common measurement for a ton in the United States. A short ton is equal to 2,000 lbs or 0.907 metric tons. (USEPA1)
Solar Radiation
Stationary Sources
Non-mobile sources such as power plants, refineries, and manufacturing facilities which emit air pollutants. (CARB)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water. A very powerful greenhouse gas with a global warming potential most recently estimated at 22,800 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). SF6 is used primarily in electrical transmission and distribution systems and as a dielectric in electronics. This GWP is from the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4).

Terrestrial carbon sequestration
It is the process through which carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is absorbed by trees, plants and crops through photosynthesis, and stored as carbon in biomass (tree trunks, branches, foliage and roots) and soils. The term "sinks" is also used to refer to forests, croplands, and grazing lands, and their ability to sequester carbon. Agriculture and forestry activities can also release CO2 to the atmosphere. Therefore, a carbon sink occurs when carbon sequestration is greater than carbon releases over some time period.(USEPA3)
Total Organic Gases (TOG)
Gaseous organic compounds, including reactive organic gases and the relatively unreactive organic gases such as methane. (CARB)
Transparency means that the assumptions and methodologies used for an inventory should be clearly explained to facilitate replication and assessment of the inventory by users of the reported information. The transparency of inventories is fundamental to the success of the process for the communication and consideration of information. (IPCC)
The trend of a quantity measures its change over a time period, with a positive trend value indicating growth in the quantity, and a negative value indicating a decrease. It is defined as the ratio of the change in the quantity over the time period, divided by the initial value of the quantity, and is usually expressed either as a percentage or a fraction. (IPCC)

Water Vapor

Sources of Definitions:

  • CARB = California Air Resources Board - Glossary of Air Pollution Terms
  • CSU = Colorado State Forest Service - Forestry and Wildfire Glossary
  • EIA = Energy Information Administration - Glossary
  • IPCC = Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories - Glossary
  • IPCC2 = Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC Fourth Assessment Report - Working Group I Report "The Physical Science Basis" - Annex 1 - Glossary
  • IPCC3 = Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC Fourth Assessment Report - Working Group III Report "Mitigation of Climate Change" - Annex 1 - Glossary
  • NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Earth Observatory Glossary
  • UNFCC = United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - GHG Inventories Glossary
  • USEPA1 = United States Environmental Protection Agency - Climate Change Glossary
  • USEPA2 = U.S. EPA - Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2006.(April 2008)USEPA #430-R-08-005 Executive Summary
  • USEPA3 = U.S. EPA - Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry faq
  • USEPA4 = U.S. EPA - Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Background


High Blood Pressure: What Is It And Can It Affect You?

what is high blood pressure, risks of high blood pressure, do i have high blood pressure

Have you met someone who was dealing with high blood pressure? Chances are you have considering 29% of American adults are battling against high blood pressure. That’s nearly 75 million Americans that are at risk for heart disease, stroke, and premature death. But, what exactly is high blood pressure and how can it increase your risk for these dangerous medical conditions?

First let’s begin with the definition of High Blood Pressure

Now that you know what High Blood Pressure is, do you know what the Risk Factors are?

  3. Family history. High blood pressure tends to run in families.
  4. Being overweight or obese. The more you weigh the more blood you need to supply oxygen and nutrients to your tissues. As the volume of blood circulated through your blood vessels increases so does the pressure on your artery walls.
  9. Too little vitamin D in your diet. It’s uncertain if having too little vitamin D in your diet can lead to high blood pressure. Vitamin D may affect an enzyme produced by your kidneys that affect your blood pressure.

What do you do if you think you have High Blood Pressure?

You should see your doctor regularly where your blood pressure will be taken as part of your annual exam. If your results seem high your doctor may look back at your history or ask you to check your blood pressure at home or at a store with a free monitor. You want to make sure you are checking at different times of the day and not to ingest caffeine prior to testing as this may increase your blood pressure giving you inaccurate results.

Do you know what those numbers mean when taking your own Blood Pressure?

Blood Pressure readings are given in millimeters of mercury (mm HG), has two numbers. The first, or upper number, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats (systolic pressure). The second, or lower number, measures the pressure in your arteries between the beats (diastolic pressure).

Blood pressure measurements fall into four general categories:

Normal blood pressure.

Your blood pressure is normal if it’s below 120/80 mm Hg. However, some doctors recommend 115/75 mm Hg as a better goal. Once blood pressure rises above 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease begins to increase. Prehypertension is a systolic pressure ranging from 120 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure ranging from 80 to 89 mm Hg. Prehypertension tends to get worse over time.

Stage 1 hypertension.

Stage 2 hypertension.

What if you’re continually above the Normal Blood Pressure Range?

Call your doctor and be prepared to ask them questions about your situation. Bring a list of all medications including vitamins and supplements you are taking, as some of these may be the culprit. Discuss family history, extracurricular activities such as smoking and drinking habits, exercise routine or lack thereof, and overall general health and diet.

Your physician will better determine what course of action needs to be taken to reduce your blood pressure. Whether it is medication, change in diet and exercise, or simply more testing. Make sure you are ready to make those changes because uncontrolled High Blood Pressure can lead to:

Metabolic syndrome. This syndrome is a cluster of disorders of your body’s metabolism, including increased waist circumference; high triglycerides; low high-density lipoprotein (HDL); or “good,” cholesterol; high blood pressure; and high insulin levels.

What can you do to avoid High Blood Pressure?

If it is hereditary it may be hard to avoid but you should try and eat a healthy low sodium diet, find time in your busy day to exercise, reduce your stress level, and drink in moderation. It just may save your life one day.


SEIU vs. Cleveland Grocery Stores

With a revitalized downtown and a commitment to reducing pollution and crime, Cleveland will be hosting the Republican National Convention in July and plans to become a destination city. All of this could come crashing down, however, with the passage of a $15 minimum wage.

The Service Employees union has selected Cleveland as its next target for $15, but has run into opposition from unexpected quarters: The city’s Democratic Mayor, Democratic Council President, and some of its most powerful union leaders have all come out against the proposal. They’re concerned that labor’s fight for a Cleveland-specific $15 wage, if successful, would drive small businesses out of existence and take the heart out of the city’s revival.

Recent testimony before the City Council suggests that nearly doubling the state minimum wage would have a uniquely harmful impact on the city’s grocery stores—in particular, those stores that serve low-income neighborhoods. Joel Ratner, president and CEO of the community development nonprofit agency Cleveland Neighborhood Progress, explained:

[Ratner] said his organization has played a role in the development of nearly every grocery store in the city, and he knows of two grocery chains that continue to operate some stores at a financial loss because they are committed to meeting the needs of the neighborhoods.

“If this were to pass, there would be a wholesale closing of grocery stores in Cleveland,” Ratner said. “In fact, we think most grocery stores in the city would close, because their margins are already so narrow. … And I would expect that it would create a huge spike in hunger and demand on emergency food systems.”

One of those grocery chains operating locations at a loss appears to be Dave’s Markets, a local favorite that has made an investment in low-income neighborhoods in the city.

At a Cleveland City Council committee meeting Thursday morning, the Saltzmans of Dave’s Markets (Steve, Dan and their papa, Burt) testified that the proposed city minimum wage increase, to $15 from the state’s current $8.10, would cripple their grocery store business. … [A] precipitous wage increase in the city of Cleveland alone might necessitate closing a location or two, Steve Saltzman said.

The Plain Dealer’s retired editorial director Brent Larkin succinctly characterized the SEIU and its effort to impose $15 on Cleveland: “[The SEIU’s] great weakness is it doesn’t give a damn about collateral damage. In this case, the collateral damage would be right here.”


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Jodha Akbar episode 128 (Thursday 10th August)

Today’s # jodhaakbaronjoyprime, Maham Anga advices Ruqayya to stop Jalal from going closer to Atifal. Jalal sends Kabal out of the palace for much security. Ruqayya makes mockery of Jodha seeing Jalal drawing closer to Atifal. Jalal and Atifal’s husband, Hamanu fights over who the rightful owner of the lady is. Jalal receives news of Jodha’s objection to Adga’s son and a Hindu princess. Queen chant tells Maham Anga about the hidden treasure. Sheriff Wodhin stocking Jodha at night after get hold of the secret map. Could it b that Jalal has falling out if love for Jodha? Would this relation between Jalal and Atifal bring victory to Maham Anga? Tune [email protected]

 | Jodha Akbar episode 128 (Thursday 10th August)

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