কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানের ইতিহাস
১৮৩৭ খ্রীষ্টাব্দে চার্লস ব্যাবেজ একটি বিশ্লেষণধর্মী বা অ্যানালিটিকাল ইঞ্জিন-এর খসড়া তৈরী করেন যার মূল সুবিধাগুলি ছিল - এক্সপ্যান্ডেবেল মেমরি (বিস্তারযোগ্য যান্ত্রিক স্মৃতিশক্তি), গাণিতিক হিসাব করার ক্ষমতা, যুক্তিনির্ভর সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়ার ক্ষমতা, লুপ ও কন্ডিশনাল ব্রাঞ্চিং(যা আধুনিক প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষাগুলিতে পাওয়া যায়) ইত্যাদি। এই যন্ত্রটিকে বিজ্ঞানীরা বিশ্বের প্রথম কম্পিউটার বলে স্বীকার করে থাকেন এবং ট্যুরিংসমতুল্য বলেও মনে করা হয়।
প্রকৌশলে নারীদের ইতিহাস
In the 19th century, women who performed engineering work often had academic training in mathematics or science. Ada Lovelace (1815–1852), Lord Byron's daughter, was privately schooled in mathematics before beginning the collaboration with Charles Babbage on his analytical engine that would earn her the designation of the "first computer programmer." Hertha Marks Ayrton (1854–1923), a British engineer and inventor who helped develop electric arc lighting, studied mathematics at Cambridge in 1880, but was denied a degree, as women were only granted certificates of completion at the time. Similarly, Mary Engle Pennington (1872–1952), an American chemist and refrigeration engineer, completed the requirements for a BS degree in chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania in 1892, but was given a certificate of proficiency instead.
Rita de Moraes Sarmento (1872–1931) was the first woman to obtain an Engineering degree from the Technical University of Porto, in Portugal. She obtained this degree in 1894, which means she may have been the first formally recognised female engineer in Europe.
Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu (1887–1973) is one of the first formally recognised female engineers in Europe. Due to prejudices against women in the sciences, she was rejected by the School of Bridges and Roads in Bucharest, Romania. However, in 1909, she was accepted at the Royal Academy of Technology in Berlin. She graduated from the university in 1912, with a degree in engineering, specialising in chemistry, possibly becoming one of the first women engineers in the world. Other women in engineering in the same time period include three Danish women: Agnes Klingberg, Betzy Meyer, and Julie Arenholt, who graduated in 1897 and 1901 from 'Polyteknisk Læreanstalt', today known as the Danish Technical University. The first female engineering graduate in Britain was Alice Perry who graduated from Queen's College, Galway in 1906.