As early as the first century C.E., apocryphal books, such as the “Book of Jubilees ” and the“ Common Rule ” of the Qumran sect, depicted the Devil as bargaining with God and yet subject to His will.
Juba esimesel sajandil olid olemas sellised apokrüüfilised kirjutised nagu Juubelite raamat ja Qumrani kogukonna põhikiri, milles kujutati Kuradit Jumalaga kauplemas ja siiski tema tahtele alistumas.