A crowned pope began ruling over a college of cardinals, who in turn were drawn from hundreds of bishops and archbishops, who in turn were promoted from seminary - trained priests.
Kroonitud paavst hakkas valitsema kardinalide kogu üle, mille liikmed valiti sadade piiskoppide ja peapiiskoppide hulgast, kes omakorda ülendati ametisse seminariharidusega preestrite hulgast.