His reign itself was plagued by threats from within ​ — at least nine plots were made against his life — ​ and from without, as foreign powers encouraged rebellions.
Tema valitsusaega ähvardasid ohud nii riigi seest – tema tapmiseks korraldati vähemalt üheksa vandenõu – kui väljast, kuna võõrjõud õhutasid mässe.