If he was inexperienced or the materials were not of the best quality, his calamus, or reed pen, could snag in the papyrus, the sheet could tear, or the writing could be illegible. The ink was made from a mixture of soot and gum.
მას ყიდიდნენ ძელაკების ფორმით და საწერად გამოყენებამდე სამელნეში წყლის საშუალებით ხსნიდნენ.