Some cities, such as Perm, were opened well before the fall of the Soviet Union; others, such as Kaliningrad and Vladivostok, remained closed until as late as 1992.
Niektoré mestá ako napríklad Perm boli otvorené ešte pred rozpadom ZSSR; ostatné ako Kaliningrad a Vladivostok, ostali uzavreté až do roku 1993.