Status and Perspectives of the Search for Eta-Mesic Nuclei
AIP TeX Support
In this report the search for $\eta$-mesic nuclei is reviewed. The brief description of the experimental studies is presented with a focus on the possible production of the $\eta$-nucleus bound states for light nuclei like $^{4\hspace{-0.03cm\mbox{He$ and $^{3\hspace{-0.03cm\mbox{He$. %Authors pay a special attention to WASA experiment dedicated to search for $\eta$-mesic Helium nuclei. %Recent results as $^{4\hspace{-0.03cm\mbox{He$ and $^{3\hspace{-0.03cm\mbox{He$.
guide.tex
\documentclass{aip-cp}

\usepackage[numbers,elide]{natbib}
\usepackage{fancybox}
\usepackage{shortvrb}
\MakeShortVerb\|

\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage[usenames]{color}
\definecolor{codecolor}{gray}{.9}
\definecolor{rlcolor}{cmyk}{0,1,0,0}
\lstset{basicstyle=\footnotesize\ttfamily,backgroundcolor=\color{codecolor},frameround=ffft,frame=single}%rulecolor=\color{rlcolor}
%%%%%%%

\newcommand\aipcls{\texttt{aip-cp} class}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newcommand\BibTeX{\textsc{Bib}\TeX{}}
\begin{document}

\title{Author Guide for AIP Conference Proceedings:\endgraf
Setting Up Your \LaTeXe{} Files}

\author{AIP TeX Support}
\eaddress{tex@aip.org}


\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
This guide provides information on the various
options/functionalities available in \texttt{aip-cp} class with \LaTeX{}
for generating the papers for submission to AIP Conference Proceedings.
Commands that differ from the \texttt{article} class of standard \LaTeX{} interface, or that are
provided in addition to the standard interface, are explained in this
guide. This guide is not a substitute for the LATEX manual itself but should be used together with an introductory
  manual on \LaTeX{}, e.g., see Ref.~\cite{A-W:LLa94}.
\end{abstract}

\section{INTRODUCTION}

The \texttt{aip-cp} class is a \LaTeX{} document class for AIP Conference proceedings and other documents with similar layout requirements.
\texttt{aip-cp} class is primarily based on the default \texttt{article} class. This class
depends on the following packages for its proper functionality:
\begin{itemize}
\item{}\texttt{natbib.sty} for citation processing;
\item{}\texttt{graphicx.sty} for graphics inclusion;
\item{}\texttt{txfonts.sty} optional font package, if document is to be formatted with Times and compatible math fonts;
\item{}\texttt{hyperref.sty} optional packages if hyperlinking is required in the document.
\end{itemize}
These packages are part of any standard \LaTeX{} installation.
Furthermore, users are free to make use of AMS math packages such as
|amsmath.sty|, |amsthm.sty|, |amssymb.sty|, |amsfonts.sty|, etc., if they
want to. Authors can use these packages as per their specific requirements.

The class provides essentially the same markup as
implemented by \LaTeX{} standard article class. In
addition to this, it implements the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item{}extended set of front matter commands,
\item{}allows mixing column and page-wide floats without getting the numbering out of sync,
\item{}footnotes will appear below bottom floats,
\item{}extended set of citation commands if the natbib system is installed,
\item{}support for table notes.
\end{itemize}

\section{USING THE \texttt{aip-cp} CLASS}

If the file \texttt{aip-cp.cls} is not already in the appropriate system directory for \LaTeX{} files,
either place the file there or copy it to your working directory. In
order to use the \texttt{aip-cp} class, replace \texttt{article} by \texttt{aip-cp} in the \texttt{\string\documentclass} command at the beginning of your document:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass{article}
\end{verbatim}
is replaced by
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass{aip-cp}
\end{verbatim}
In general, the following standard document style options should not be used with the \texttt{aip-cp} class:
\begin{enumerate}
\item{}10pt, 11pt, 12pt � unavailable;
\item{}twoside (no associated style file) � twoside is the default;
\item{}fleqn, leqno, titlepage � should not be used.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Additional Document Class Options}
Please place any additional command definitions at the very start of
the LATEX file i.e., before the |\begin{document}|. For example, user-defined |\def| and |\newcommand| commands that define macros for technical expressions should be placed here. Other author-defined macros should be kept to a mininum.

The following additional class options are available with the \texttt{aip-cp} class file:

\begin{itemize}
\item{}\textbf{Paper Size}---\texttt{aip-cp} class fully supports both the US letter (8.5in $\times$ 11in) and
A4 (210mm $\times$ 297mm) paper sizes.
\begin{itemize}
\item{}\texttt{letterpaper:} Instruct the system to generate the output on US letter sized paper (default).
\item{}\texttt{4apaper:}  Instruct the system to generate the output on A4 sized paper.
\end{itemize}
Changing the paper size in the standard conference modes will not
alter the typesetting of the document---only the margins will be
affected.  

\item{}\textbf{Citations and Bibliography}---The \texttt{aip-cp}
class provides the following options for Citations and Bibliography:
\begin{itemize}
\item{}\texttt{author-numerical (default):} This optiopn generates
the numbered bibliography in text as well as at the end of the papers.
\item{}\texttt{author-year:} With this option, system will generate
the output in author/year scheme. In combination with
\texttt{natbib.sty}, the \texttt{aip-cp} class also provides some
expended commands.
\end{itemize}

\item{}\textbf{Heading numbers}---Heading numbers can be turned on or off with the following two options:
\begin{itemize}
\item{}\texttt{numberedheadings:} Headings are numbered.
\item{}\texttt{unnumberedheadings:} Headings are unnumbered
(default). 
\end{itemize}

\item{}All options of \texttt{article.cls} can be used with this document class.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Front matter}

\noindent\Ovalbox{\verb"\title{The Title Goes Here with Each Initial Letter Capitalized}"}\\

All the authors appear as single group with footnote marker for the
affiliation's appearing in a separate group. Below is an example of
the same:\\

\begin{lstlisting}
\author[aff1]{Author's Name\corref{cor1}}
\eaddress[url]{http://www.aptaracorp.com}

\author[aff2,aff3]{Author's Name}
\eaddress{anotherauthor@thisaddress.yyy}

\affil[aff1]{Replace this text with an author's affiliation
   (use complete addresses). Note the use of superscript ``a'' to indicate
   the author's e-mail address below. Use b), c), etc. 
   to indicate e-mail addresses for more than 1 author.}
\affil[aff2]{Additional affiliations should be indicated by 
  superscript numbers 2, 3, etc. as shown above.}
\affil[aff3]{You would list an author's second affiliation here.}

\corresp[cor1]{Corresponding author: your@emailaddress.xxx}
\end{lstlisting}

\ \\
Supported commands will be |\corresp[<label>]{corresponding text}|
with optional argument to generate number, |\corref{<label>}| will
generate cross-ref for author, |\eaddress{e-mail}| is for providing
author's email, another variant for |\eaddress| is with optional
argument to specify the author's homepage as\break
|\eaddress[url]{http://www.aip.org}|

\pagebreak

\noindent\Ovalbox{\verb"\maketitle"}\\

This command inserts the actual front matter data. It has to follow the
above declarations before the |abstract| environment.\\

\noindent\Ovalbox{\verb"\begin{abstract}"}\\

At the beginning of your article, the title should be generated in the usual
way using the \maketitle command. The abstract should be enclosed
within an abstract environment. The coding for the same is as follows:\\

\begin{lstlisting}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
We study
.
.
\end{abstract}
\end{lstlisting}


\subsection{Cross-references}

For cross-references of figures, tables, equations, etc., the pair
of commands \verb"\label" and \verb"\ref" is available. Since the usage
of these two commands is exactly the same as that in the standard
\LaTeX, we leave the explanation about \verb"\label" and \verb"\ref" to
adequate instructions of \LaTeX. Since headings in this layout do not carry numbers they cannot be referenced either.


\subsection{Lists}

The \texttt{aip-cp} supports all standard list environments like
|itemize|, |enumerate|, etc.\\

\begin{lstlisting}[morekeywords={Bullet,List},keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries]
Bullet List
\begin{itemize}
\item first bulleted item
\item second bulleted item
\end{itemize}
\end{lstlisting}

\begin{itemize}
\item first bulleted item
\item second bulleted item
\end{itemize}

\begin{lstlisting}[morekeywords={Numbered,List},keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries]
Numbered List
\begin{enumerate}
\item first numbered item
\item second numbered item
\end{enumerate}
\end{lstlisting}

\begin{enumerate}
\item first numbered item
\item second numbered item
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Floating Bodies}

Most publications contain figures and tables, these elements
need special treatment, because they cannot be broken across pages.
The solution to this requirement is to �float� any figure or table that does not
fit on the current page to a later page, while filling the current page with
body text.

\LaTeX{} offers two environments for floating bodies: one for figures
and one for tables. To take full advantage of these two environments, it is
important to understand approximately how \LaTeX{} handles floats
internally.

\subsection{Figures}

The \texttt{aip-cp} class will address the positioning of your figures and therefore you should
not normally use the optional positional qualifiers on the figure environment that would
override these decisions.

Figure captions should be \textit{below} the figure itself, therefore the \verb"\caption" command
should appear after the figure or space left for an illustration. For example, Figure~\ref{fig:a} is
produced using the following commands:\\

\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{figure}
  \centerline{%
  \includegraphics
   [width=.75\textwidth]{art/fig_1}}
 \caption{While it is possible to extend our within-household model to
include multiple infecteds, this would be very tedious.}
 \label{fig:a}
\end{figure}
\end{lstlisting}

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{art/fig_1}
 \caption{While it is possible to extend our within-household model to
include multiple infecteds, this would be very tedious.}
 \label{fig:a}
\end{figure}

For cross-referencing of figures using the \verb"\label" and
\verb"\ref" commands is encouraged. For example, in referencing
Figure~\ref{fig:a} above, we used Figure\verb"~\ref{fig:a}". 

\subsubsection{Graphics Support}

Support for including and manipulating graphics is provided as the
standard \LaTeX{} \texttt{graphicx} package is automatically loaded by
the \texttt{aip-cp} class.

Figures can be scaled using the \verb"[width=...]" option of the \verb"\includegraphics" command. For example,
\verb"\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{art/fig_1}". One
could also provide the absolute dimensions (e.g.,
\verb"width=3in").

\subsection{Tables}

The \texttt{aip-cp} class file will cope with most positioning of your tables and you should not normally
use the optional positional qualifiers on the table environment which would override these decisions.
Table captions should be at the top, therefore the \verb"\caption" command should appear above the body
of the table.

\subsubsection{Table Headings}

\noindent\Ovalbox{\verb"\tch{cols}{h-pos}{v-pos}{heading text}"}\\

To ease the production of tables, the command |\tch| is provided
which is essentially an abbreviation for a |\multicolumn| command
that additionally boldens its text argument. I.e., |cols| specifies the number of columns the |heading text| should span
and |h-pos| defines the horizontal positioning of the text of the column(s), e.g., |l|, |r|, |c|, or |p{...}|.  In contrast to a simple
|\multicolumn| command the |heading text| can be split vertically by using |\\| to denote the line breaks.  The |v-pos| argument should contain either |t|, |c|, or |b| denoting the vertical placement
of the text in relation to other cells of that row. It is relevant if the |heading text| consists of more than one line.
This demonstrates the use of this command.

\subsubsection{Table Notes}

\noindent\Ovalbox{\verb"\tablenote[t1n1]{Table note text}"}\\

\noindent Command to produce a note to the table. It can be used
after the |tabular| environment or table body. The command contains the table note text with optional label (id) to produce the numbered note. If the number is not required, omit the |<label>| and use |\tablenote{Tablenote text}|. The default number of table note is $*,\dagger,\ddagger,\mathsection,\mathparagraph,\|,**,\dagger\dagger$, etc.\\


\noindent\Ovalbox{\verb"\tabnoteref{t1n1}"}\\

\noindent|\tabnoteref| command is used for cross-referencing of the table note and should be used in the table body. The |<label>| will determine the referencing number/symbol. Multiple |labels| can be used separated with comma as\break
 |\tabnoteref{t1n1,t2n2}|. Please note that every |<label>| should be unique for correct cross-referencing.\\

\noindent |\hline| can be used for horizontal lines to separate the |caption|, |table head|, |table body|, and |table note| eachother respectively.\\


\noindent Typically the body of the environment would consist of a
|tabular| environment responsible for producing the actual table including the table and stub headers.\\

An example showing the use of all commands described above is shown in Table~\ref{tab:a}.\\

As with figures, cross-referencing of tables is also encouraged. For example, we would reference Table~\ref{tab:a} using \verb"Table~\ref{tab:a}". Label of Table must be given after the \verb"\caption" for correct numbering in the cross-referecing.\\

For example, Table~\ref{tab:a} is produced using the following coding.\\

\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{table}
\caption{Average turnover per shop: by type of retail organisation
\label{tab:a}}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\hline
  & \tch{1}{c}{b}{Single\\ outlet\tabnoteref{t1n1}}
  & \tch{1}{c}{b}{Small\\ multiple}  
  & \tch{1}{c}{b}{Large\\ multiple}
  & \tch{1}{c}{b}{Total} \\
\hline
1982 & 98  & 129 & 620    & 847\\
...
1998 & 200 & 300 & 1500\tabnoteref{t1n2}  & 2000\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\tablenote{This is an example of unnumbered tablenote entry}
\tablenote[t1n1]{This is an example of first numbered tablenote entry}
\tablenote[t1n2]{This is an example of second numbered tablenote entry}
\end{table}
\end{lstlisting}


\subsection{Landscaping pages}

If a table/figure is too wide to fit the standard measure, it may be turned, with its caption, to 90 degrees. Landscape tables/figures cannot be produced directly using the \texttt{aip-cp} class file because LATEX itself cannot turn the page, and not all device drivers provide such a facility. The following procedure can be used to produce such pages.

\pagebreak

Use the package |rotating| in your document and change the coding from\\

\begin{lstlisting}[morekeywords={Figures,Tables},keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries]
Figures
        \begin{figure}....\end{figure}

\begin{sidewaysfigure}....\end{sidewaysfigure}

Tables
        \begin{table}....\end{table}
\begin{sidewaystable}....\end{sidewaystable}
\end{lstlisting}


\subsection{Long tables}

Tables which are longer than one page cannot be placed into a \verb"table" environment as floats cannot have a size larger than a page. Such tables are supported by the standard \LaTeX{} package \verb"longtable" written by David Carlisle. Refer to the package documentation for the syntax description.

\subsection{Footnote}
\LaTeX{} provides \verb"\footnote" command to generate the footnoote.\footnote{This is an example of footnote.} It can be produced by\\

\begin{lstlisting}
\footnote{This is an example of footnote.}
\end{lstlisting}

\begin{table}
\caption{Average turnover per shop: by type  of retail organisation\label{tab:a}}
\centering\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\hline
  & \tch{1}{c}{b}{Single\\ outlet\tabnoteref{t1n1}}  & \tch{1}{c}{b}{Small\\ multiple}  & \tch{1}{c}{b}{Large\\ multiple}  & \tch{1}{c}{b}{Total}   \\
\hline
1982 & 98 & 129 & 620    & 847\\
1987 & 138 & 176 & 1000  & 1314\\
1991 & 173 & 248 & 1230  & 1651\\
1998 & 200 & 300 & 1500\tabnoteref{t1n2}  & 2000\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\tablenote{This is an example of unnumbered tablenote entry}
\tablenote[t1n1]{This is an example of first tablenote entry}
\tablenote[t1n2]{This is an example of second tablenote entry}
\end{table}

\subsection{Typesetting mathematics}

\LaTeX{} allows two writing modes for mathematical expressions: the \textbf{inline mode} and the \textbf{display mode}. The first one is used to write formulas that are part of a text. The second one is used to write expressions that are not part of a text or paragraph, and are therefore put on separate lines.

\subsubsection{Inline Mathematics}
To put your equations in inline mode use one of these delimiters:
\verb"\( \)" or \verb"$ $".

\subsubsection{Displayed Mathematics}
The \texttt{aip-cp} class supports all the standard features in
this respect. \texttt{aip-cp} class set displayed mathematics
with center to the text width. The \textit{displayed} mode has two
versions: numbered and unnumbered. Below are examples for both: 


\begin{lstlisting}[morekeywords={Unumbered,Equation},keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries]
Unumbered Equation
\[
  \phi_{d_{f}} (\mathbf{r}) = \sum_{i} d^{f}_{i} \phi_{i} (\mathbf{r}).
\]
\end{lstlisting}

\[
  \phi_{d_{f}} (\mathbf{r}) = \sum_{i} d^{f}_{i} \phi_{i} (\mathbf{r}).
\]

\begin{lstlisting}[morekeywords={Numbered,Equation},keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries]
Numbered Equation
\begin{equation}
R_K^{F/J} (\rho) \approx \frac{1}{\mu} \left[  H_K + \frac{\rho}{2(1-\rho)}                           
\left(\sum_{i=1}^K \frac{1}{i-\rho} + (1-2 \rho)\sum_{i=1}^K \frac{1}{i(i-\rho)}
\right) \right].
\end{equation}
\end{lstlisting}

\begin{equation}
R_K^{F/J} (\rho) \approx \frac{1}{\mu} \left[  H_K + \frac{\rho}{2(1-\rho)}                           
\left(\sum_{i=1}^K \frac{1}{i-\rho} + (1-2 \rho)\sum_{i=1}^K \frac{1}{i(i-\rho)}
\right) \right].
\end{equation}

\subsection{Acknowledgments}
These should appear at the close of your paper, just before the list of references. Use the acknowledgments environment, e.g.,

\begin{verbatim}
\section{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}
The research and writing of this work was partially carried out...
\end{verbatim}


\subsection{Bibliography}

Referring to other articles, books, etc.\ can be done using the |\cite| command of standard \LaTeX{}. The list of references itself can either be produced using standard \LaTeX{} methods or using \textsc{Bib}\TeX.
	
For this, we recommend the use of |natbib.sty| after the |\documentclass{aip-cp}| declaration. The \texttt{natbib} system has two basic citation commands, |\citet| and |\citep| for \emph{textual} and \emph{parenthetical} citations, respectively. There also exist the starred versions |\citet*| and |\citep*| that print the full author list, and not just the abbreviated one. All of these may take one or two optional arguments to add some text before and after the citation. The following table shows some examples:\\[.1in]

\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\quad$\Rightarrow$\quad}l@{\quad$\Rightarrow$\quad}l}
\hline
\tch{1}{l}{b}{Commands} & \tch{1}{l}{b}{Author-Year Style} & \tch{1}{l}{b}{Numerical Style}\\
\hline
  |\citet{jon90}| & Jones et al. (1990) & Jones et al. [21]\\[.1in]
  |\citet[chap.~2]{jon90}| & Jones et al. (1990, chap.~2) & Jones et al. [21, chap.~2]\\[.1in]
  |\citep{jon90}| & (Jones et al., 1990)& [21]\\[.1in]
  |\citep[chap.~2]{jon90}| & (Jones et al., 1990, chap.~2) & [21, chap.~2]\\[.1in]
  |\citep[see][]{jon90}| & (see Jones et al., 1990) & [see 21]\\[.1in]
  |\citep[see][chap.~2]{jon90}| & (see Jones et al., 1990, chap.~2) & [see 21, chap.~2]\\[.1in]
  |\citet*{jon90}| & Jones, Baker, and Williams (1990) & [21]\\[.1in]
  |\citep*{jon90}| & (Jones, Baker, and Williams, 1990) \\[.1in]
\hline
\end{tabular}\\


For more information regarding these commands, the authors can refer to the documentation of |natbib| package.


\subsubsection{Bibliography Produced Manually}

In \texttt{aip-cp} class, |\begin{thebibliography}{} ... \end{thebibliography}| command
can be used to produce bibliography. The coding is as follows:\\

\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{thebibliography}{1}
\bibitem{man:aipproceed}
American Institute of Physics, \emph{Conference Proceedings: Instructions for
  Camera Ready Manuscripts}, Feb 2000.

\bibitem{man:Daly99a}
P. Daly, \emph{Natural Sciences Citations and References
  (Author--Year and Numerical Schemes)},
  1999, distributed as \texttt{natbib.dtx} with the \texttt{natbib} software.

\bibitem{man:Daly99b}
P. Daly, \emph{Reference sheet for \texttt{natbib} usage},
  1999, distributed as \texttt{natnotes.tex} with the  \texttt{natbib}
  software.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{lstlisting}

\subsubsection{Bibliography Produced Using \textsc{Bib}\TeX}

The \aipcls{} is accompanied by \BibTeX{} style files which can be used
to produce compliant reference lists from \BibTeX{} database
files. To use \BibTeX{} one first has to run the source file through
\LaTeX{} then run \BibTeX{} and then rerun \LaTeX{} twice to get all
references resolved. \BibTeX{} is described in more detail in Appendix
B of Ref.~\cite{A-W:LLa94} and in Chapter~13 of Ref.~\cite{A-W:MG04}.\\

\noindent\Ovalbox{\verb"\bibliographystyle{style-name}"}\\

This declaration specifies to \BibTeX{} that the style
\texttt{style-name} should be used. It can be placed anywhere within the
document but is usually positioned directly in front of the command
described below.

For a AIP Conference Proceddings we recommend the use of
|aipnum-cp.bst| provided with this packet. This bibliograpgy style
generates numbered style references in the required format.\\

\noindent\Ovalbox{\verb"\bibliography{bib-list}"}\\

This command denotes the position where the reference list produced by
\BibTeX{} will be included in the document. The \texttt{bib-list} is a
comma separated list of \BibTeX{} database files.

\begin{thebibliography}{1}

\bibitem{man:aipproceed}
American Institute of Physics, \emph{Conference Proceedings: Instructions for
  Camera Ready Manuscripts}, Feb 2000.

\bibitem{man:Daly99a}
P. Daly, \emph{Natural Sciences Citations and References
  (Author--Year and Numerical Schemes)},
  1999, distributed as \texttt{natbib.dtx} with the \texttt{natbib} software.

\bibitem{man:Daly99b}
P. Daly, \emph{Reference sheet for \texttt{natbib} usage},
  1999, distributed as \texttt{natnotes.tex} with the  \texttt{natbib}
  software.

\bibitem{A-W:KD04}
H.~Kopka and P.~Daly, \emph{Guide to {\LaTeX}}, Tools and
  Techniques for Computer Typesetting, Addison-Wesley, Boston, Massachusetts,
  2004, 4 edn., ISBN 0-321-17385-6.

\bibitem{A-W:MG04}
F.~Mittelbach and M.~Goossens, \emph{The {\LaTeX} Companion}, Tools and
  Techniques for Computer Typesetting, Addison-Wesley, Boston, Massachusetts,
  2004, 2 edn., ISBN 0-201-36299-6, with Johannes Braams, David Carlisle, and
  Chris Rowley.

\bibitem{A-W:GMR97}
M.~Goossens, S.~Rahtz, and F.~Mittelbach, \emph{The {\LaTeX} Graphics
  Companion}, Tools and Techniques for Computer Typesetting, Addison-Wesley,
  Reading, Massachusetts, 1997, ISBN 0-201-85469-4.

\bibitem{A-W:LLa94}
L.~Lamport, \emph{{\LaTeX:} A Document Preparation System}, Addison-Wesley,
  Reading, Massachusetts, 1994, \nobreak{second}~edn.

\end{thebibliography}



\end{document}


readme.tex
\documentclass{aip-cp}

\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}
\usepackage{rotating}

% Document starts
\begin{document}

% Title portion
\title{The Title Goes Here with Each Initial Letter Capitalized}

\author[aff1]{Author's Name\corref{cor1}}
\eaddress[url]{http://www.aip.org}
\author[aff2,aff3]{Author's Name}
\eaddress{anotherauthor@thisaddress.yyy}

\affil[aff1]{Replace this text with an author's affiliation (use complete addresses). Note the use of superscript ``a)'' to indicate the author's e-mail address below. Use b), c), etc. to indicate e-mail addresses for more than 1 author.}
\affil[aff2]{Additional affiliations should be indicated by superscript numbers 2, 3, etc. as shown above.}
\affil[aff3]{You would list an author's second affiliation here.}
\corresp[cor1]{Corresponding author: your@emailaddress.xxx}

\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
The AIP Proceedings article template has many predefined paragraph styles for you to use/apply as you write your paper. To format your abstract, use the \LaTeX template style: {\itshape Abstract.} Each paper must include an abstract. Begin the abstract with the word ``Abstract'' followed by a period in bold font, and then continue with a normal 9 point font.
\end{abstract}

% Head 1
\section{INTRODUCTION}
Do not abbreviate Figure, Equation, etc.; display items are always singular, i.e., Figure 1 and 2. Equations are always singular, i.e., Equation 1 and 2, and should be inserted using the Equation Editor, not as graphics, in the main text.  Display items and captions should be inserted after the reference section. Please do not use footnotes in the text, additional information can be added to the reference list.

This is the paragraph spacing that occurs when you use the [ENTER] key.


\section{FIRST-ORDER HEADING}
This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text.
This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text.

This is the paragraph spacing that occurs when you use the [ENTER] key.

% Head 2
\subsection{Second-Order Heading}
This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text.
This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text.
This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text.
This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text. This is an example of dummy text.


% Head 3
\subsubsection{Third-Order Heading}
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% References

\nocite{*}
\bibliographystyle{aipnum-cp}%
\bibliography{sample}%

\end{document}

sample.tex
\documentclass{aip-cp}

\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{verbatim}

% Document starts
\begin{document}

% Title portion
\title{Status and Perspectives of the Search for Eta-Mesic Nuclei}

\author[aff1]{Pawe{\l} Moskal\corref{cor1}}
\eaddress[url]{http://www.aip.org}
\author[aff1]{Magdalena Skurzok\corref{cor2}}
\author[aff2]{Wojciech Krzemie{\'n}\corref{cor3}}

\affil[aff1]{M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.}
%Note the use of superscript ``a)'' to indicate the author's e-mail address below. Use b), c), etc. to indicate e-mail addresses for more than 1 author.
\affil[aff2]{National Centre for Nuclear Research, {\'S}wierk, 05-400 Otwock, Poland.}
\corresp[cor1]{Corresponding author: p.moskal@uj.edu.pl}
\corresp[cor2]{Corresponding author: magdalena.skurzok@if.uj.edu.pl}
\corresp[cor3]{Corresponding author: wojciech.krzemien@ncbj.gov.pl}


\maketitle

\begin{abstract}

In this report the search for $\eta$-mesic nuclei is reviewed. The brief description of the experimental studies is presented with a focus on the possible production of the $\eta$-nucleus bound states for light nuclei like $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$ and $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$.
%Authors pay a special attention to WASA experiment dedicated to search for $\eta$-mesic Helium nuclei. 

%Recent results  as $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$ and $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$.  


\end{abstract}

% Head 1
\section{INTRODUCTION}

In this article we briefly report on the search for the $\eta$-mesic nuclei. The text includes descriptions from our recent works published in references~\cite{Acta_2016, FewBody_2014, Skurzok_PhD, Krzemien_PhD}. The interested reader is also referred to the recent reviews on mesic nuclei search~\cite{Acta_2016, Machner_2015, Wilkin_2016, Krusche_Wilkin, Kelkar, HaiderLiu, Moskal_FewBody, Moskal_Acta2016}.

\textit{Mesic nucleus} is one of the theoretically predicted and still not experimentally confirmed exotic object. In contrast to already discovered mesonic atom~\cite{Yamazaki_INSRep1996}, where negatively charged pion is trapped in the Coulomb potential of atomic nucleus, this new kind of mesonic matter consists of nucleus bound exclusively via strong interaction with neutral meson such as $\eta$, $\eta'$, $K$, $\omega$. One of the most promising candidates for such state is the $\eta$-mesic nucleus, postulated by Haider and Liu over thirty years ago~\cite{HaiderLiu1}. The coupled-channel studies of the $\pi N \rightarrow \pi N$, $\pi N \rightarrow \pi \pi N$ and $\pi N \rightarrow \eta N$ reactions indicated that in the close-to-threshold region the $\eta$-nucleon interaction is attractive and strong enough to form an $\eta$-nucleus bound system~\cite{BhaleraoLiu}. 

According to the theoretical considerations, the formation of the $\eta$-mesic bound state can only take place if the real part of the $\eta$-nucleus scattering length is negative (attractive nature of the interaction), and the magnitude of the real part is greater than the magnitude of the imaginary part corresponding to the $\eta$ meson absorption:
\begin{equation}
|Re(a_{\eta-nucleus})|>|Im(a_{\eta-nucleus})|.\label{eq:jeden}
\end{equation}

\noindent Initially, it was indicated that due to the relatively small value of the $\eta$N scattering length estimated in eighties, \mbox{$\eta$-mesic} nuclei could be formed only with nuclei having masses greater than 12. However, current researches show that $\eta$-nucleon interaction is considerably stronger than it was expected earlier~\cite{Moskal_habil}. A wide range of possible values of the $\eta N$ scattering length $a_{\eta N}$, 
extracted in some analysis reported in~\cite{Kelkar}, has not excluded the creation of $\eta$-nucleus bound states for a light nuclei such as $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$, $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$, T~\cite{Wilkin1,WycechGreen} and even for deuteron~\cite{Green}.

The discovery of $\eta$-mesic bound systems would give unique possibility for better investigation of the elementary meson-nucleon interaction in nuclear medium for low energy region. Moreover, it would provide information about nucleon $N^{*}(1535)$ resonance~\cite{Jido}, about $\eta$ meson properties in nuclear medium~\cite{InoueOset} as well as about the $\eta$ and $\eta'$ meson structure~\cite{BassTom, BassTomek}.
 
The bound states have been searched in many experiments. Nevertheless, none of them gave empirical confirmation of their existence. There are only signals which might be interpreted as an indications of the $\eta$-mesic nuclei. 

\section{EXPERIMENTAL SEARCHES OF ETA-MESIC NUCLEI}

The overview of the measurements carried out in heavy and light nuclei regions one can find in~Ref.~\cite{Skurzok_PhD, Krzemien_PhD}. This section includes the summary of previous experiments and description of currently obtained results.


\subsection{Heavy Nuclei Region}

According to first theoretical predictions $\eta$ meson was more likely to bind to a nuclei with the large number of nucleons, since the attraction of $\eta$ meson could be high enough that allows to form a bound state. Therefore, at the beginning, the experimental searches were concentrated on the heavy nuclei systems. 

First of such experiment devoted to the search for $\eta$-mesic nuclei was performed at BNL~\cite{chrien_bnl} 
with the positively charged pion beam scattered on lithium, carbon, oxygen and aluminium targets ($\pi^{+} + A \rightarrow p + (A-1)_{\eta}$). The missing mass spectra of protons did not show any structure which could indicate the existence of the bound system. However, the BNL experiment was carried out in a region far from the recoilless kinematics that significantly reduced the probability of the possible bound state formation in the ($\pi$, $N$) process. Therefore, a new experiment with pion beam, which is planned at \mbox{J-PARC}~\cite{Fujioka_ActPhysPol2010, Fujioka2} for $(\pi^{-},n)$ reaction will be carried out with the most optimal kinematic conditions.

Another investigations were performed at LAMPF ~\cite{Lampf} in Los Alamos where the $\eta$-mesic $^{18}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{F}$ production was considered based on double charge exchange reaction (DCX). In this picture the bound state is produced via collision of $\pi^{+}$ beam with the neutron inside oxygen target and decays via absorption of the $\eta$ meson on the neutron and, consequently, the emission of $\pi^{-}$. Measured excitation functions also did not reveal peak structure which could be the signature of the $\eta$ mesic nuclei. 

The first evidence for the existence of an $\eta$-mesic bound states was claimed by the LPI group~\cite{Sokol_1999,Sokol_2001} which carried out the measurement of photoproduction processes: (i) $\gamma + ^{12}$\hspace{-0.03cm}$\mbox{C}\rightarrow N + (A-{\eta}) \rightarrow N + \pi^{+}+n+X$ and (ii)~\mbox{$\gamma + ^{12}$\hspace{-0.03cm}$\mbox{C}\rightarrow N + (A-{\eta}) \rightarrow N + p+n+X$}, where $A$ denotes $^{11}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{C}$ or $^{11}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{B}$ nuclei. The invariant mass distribution of the correlated $\pi^{+}n$ pairs for the first process shows a narrow peak structure below the $\eta$ meson production threshold which is in agreement with the theoretical prediction supporting the $\eta$-mesic nuclei formation via $N^{*}(1535)$ resonance excitation and its decay into $\pi$-nucleon pair. The second process was dedicated to search for $\eta$-mesic nuclei through observation of the two-nucleon decay mode arising to the two-nucleon annihilation of $\eta$ meson in the nucleus~\cite{Baskov_2012}. Obtained proton spectra reveal the structure which can also be the indication of the bound system. The upper limit of the photoproduction cross section for both measured reactions was determined and is equal to $10~\mu$b.  

The JINR collaboration performed the search for back-to-back $\pi^{-} p$ pairs related to the $\eta$-mesic bound states in $d$ + $^{12}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{C} \rightarrow \pi^{-}+p + X$ process~\cite{Afanasiev}. An observation of the $\pi^{-} p$ back-to-back correlation as well as the resonance like structure below $\eta$ production threshold could be associated with the two-body $N^{*}$ resonance decay related with formation of an $\eta$-mesic nucleus. However, the experiment needs to be repeated with more intensive beam and the higher spectrometer acceptance.
 
The COSY-GEM measurement of recoil-free $p(^{27}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{Al},^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He})\pi^{-}p'X$ process results in observation of an enhancement in the missing mass spectrum of the $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$ which could be interpreted as a signal from $^{25}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{Mg}$-$\eta$ bound state~\cite{Budzanowski,Machner_ActaPhys}. However, it is important to confirm the result with higher statistics. Therefore, the upper limit of the total cross section for the $\eta$-mesic magnesium production was determined and is equal to 0.46$\pm$0.16(stat)$\pm$0.06(syst)~nb.  
 
Another recoil-free experiment dedicated to search for $\eta$-mesic nuclei  was carried out at GSI~\cite{Gillitzer_ActaPhysSlov2006}. The ($d$,$^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$) reaction was measured on $^{7}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{Li}$ and $^{12}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{C}$ targets at GSI Fragment Separator System (FRS). However, till now no final result is published. 


\subsection{Light Nuclei Region}

According to the recent investigations~\cite{Kelkar}, the formation of $\eta$-nucleus bound states could also proceed for a light nuclei. In this case absorption is smaller, therefore, the bound states are expected to be narrower in comparison to the heavy nuclei systems what makes them a good candidates for the study of possible binding. 

Experimental investigations of the final state interactions (FSI) for $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ and $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ systems give an observations which may suggest the existence of the bound state. An observed steep rise in the total cross section measured for \mbox{$dp\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$}~\cite{Berger,Mayer,Smyrski1,Mersmann} and $dd\rightarrow$ $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$~\cite{Machner_ActaPhys,Frascaria,Willis,Wronska} reactions (Fig.~\ref{sigma_3He_4He}), as well as the small and constant value of measured tensor analysing power $T_{20}$ corresponding to very strong variation of the $s$-wave amplitude for $dp\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ process~\cite{Berger,Smyrski1,Mersmann,Papenbrock} (Fig.~\ref{ANKE_tensor20}) can be the strong evidence for the existence of a pole in the $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ scattering matrix which can be associated with the possible \mbox{$\eta$-mesic} nucleus. Another argument for the $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta$ bound state existence is fact that the rise of the cross section above threshold is independent of the initial channel. The total cross section measured for the photoproduction $\gamma^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$~\cite{Pfeiffer,Pheron} reaction (Fig.~\ref{mami_xs}) shows the similar behaviour like those obtained for $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ hadron production~\cite{Smyrski1,Mersmann}.



\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=6.cm,height=4.2cm]{Plots/cosy11_anke_1.png} \hspace{0.5cm}
\includegraphics[width=5.8cm,height=4.0cm]{Plots/XS_dd_4Heeta.png}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\caption{(left) Total cross-section for the $dp\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ reaction measured with the \mbox{ANKE} (open circles)~\cite{Mersmann} and the \mbox{COSY-11} facilities (closed circles)~\cite{Smyrski1} and (triangles)~\cite{Adam}. Scattering length fit to the ANKE and COSY-11 data is represented with dashed and solid lines, respectively. (right) Total cross-section for the $dd\rightarrow$ $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ reaction as a function of CM momentum obtained from the measurements of Frascaria et al.~\cite{Frascaria} (black diamonds), Willis et al.~\cite{Willis} (blue squares), Wro{\'n}ska et al.~\cite{Wronska} (magenta triangles) and Budzanowski et al.~\cite{Budzanowski1} (red circle). The solid line represents a fit in the scattering length approximation. The figure is adopted from~\cite{Machner_ActaPhys}.\label{sigma_3He_4He}}
\end{figure}

\vspace{-0.3cm}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[width=8.0cm,height=5.0cm]{Plots/ANKE_t02.png} 
\vspace{-0.4cm}
\caption{The angle averaged tensor analysing power $T_{20}$ for the $dp\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ process as function of the excess energy $Q$. The full dots present the data from~\cite{Berger} while open squares show the data from~\cite{Papenbrock}. Figure is adopted from~\cite{Machner_2015}.\label{ANKE_tensor20}}  
\end{figure}

\vspace{-0.2cm}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.0cm,height=5.0cm]{Plots/Mami_xs.png}
\vspace{-0.4cm}
\caption{Total cross section for the $\gamma^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ reaction. The green triangles are from~\cite{Pfeiffer} while red dots from~\cite{Pheron}. The two vertical lines indicate the coherent and the break up thresholds. The inserts show the ratio of data and PWIA prediction. Figure is adopted from~\cite{Krusche_Wilkin}.\label{mami_xs}}
\end{figure}

\newpage

The first direct experimental sign of a light $\eta$-nucleus bound states was reported by the TAPS group~\cite{Pfeiffer} for the $\eta$ photoproduction process $\gamma^{3}$\hspace{-0.03cm}$\mbox{He}\rightarrow \pi^{0}pX$. An~enhancement just below the threshold of the $\gamma^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ reaction was observed in the spectrum being the difference between excitation curves for $\pi^{0}$-proton opening angles of~$170^{\circ}-180^{\circ}$ and $150^{\circ}-170^{\circ}$ in~the~center-of-mass frame. Obtained result was in agreement with the scheme according to which {$^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta$} bound state is created and the $\eta$ meson captured by one of~nucleons inside helium forms an intermediate $N^{*}(1535)$ resonance which decays into pion-nucleon pair. However, the later measurement carried out with much higher statistics~\cite{Pheron} shows that the structure observed in the $\pi^{0}$-$p$ excitation function is an artefact of the complicated background behaviour. 

The search for the direct signal from $\eta$-mesic $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$ was also performed by COSY-11~\mbox{~\cite{Moskal_2010,SmyMosKrze1,Krzemien1,Smyrski2,Smyrski3}} and COSY-TOF~\cite{Gillitzer_ActaPhysSlov2006} collaborations. The excitation functions measured by COSY-11 group for the $dp\rightarrow ppp\pi^{-}$ and $dp\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\pi^{0}$ reactions in the vicinity of the $\eta$ production threshold allowed to establish the upper limits of the total cross section to about 270~nb and 70~nb, respectively. 
%The analysis of $dp\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\pi^{0}$ process measured by COSY-TOF is still ongoing.


In 2008 and 2010 WASA-at-COSY collaboration performed the measurements dedicated to search for the $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta$ bound states in deuteron-deuteron fusion reaction. The $\eta$-mesic nuclei was searched via studying of excitation function for the $dd\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} p \pi{}^{-}$~\cite{Acta_2016,Krzemien_PhD,BS_WASA} (2008 and 2010) and $dd\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} n \pi{}^{0}$~\cite{Acta_2016,Skurzok_PhD} (2010) reactions near the $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\eta$ threshold. The measurements were carried out with the beam momentum changing slowly and continuously around the $\eta$ production threshold in each of acceleration cycle. In the first experiment, the beam momentum interval corresponded to the range of excess energy $Q$ from about -51~MeV to 22~MeV, while in the second was extended corresponding to the excess energy $Q\in(-70,30)$~MeV. 

Excitation function obtained for the $dd\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} p \pi{}^{-}$ reaction measured in earlier experiment does not show the resonance like structure which could be interpreted as a signature of \mbox{$\eta$-mesic} $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$ bound state~\cite{Krzemien_PhD,BS_WASA}. The upper limit for the cross-section for the bound state formation and decay in the $dd\rightarrow$ $(^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound}$ $\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} p \pi{}^{-}$  process was determined at the 90\% confidence level by the fitting the excitation curve with Breit-Wigner function (signal) with fixed binding energy and width combined with second order polynomial (background). It was noted that the upper limit depends mainly on the width of the bound state and only slightly on the binding energy. The obtained result is presented in Fig.~\ref{Wojtek} for binding energy 20~MeV. It varies from 20~nb to 27~nb as the width of the bound state varies from 5~MeV to 35~MeV. 

\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[width=8.0cm,height=5.0cm]{Plots/figure9.png} 
\vspace{-0.4cm}
\caption{Upper limit at 90\% confidence level of the cross section for formation of the $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta$ bound state and its decay via the $dd\rightarrow$ $(^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound}$ $\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} p \pi{}^{-}$ reaction as a function of the width of the bound state. The binding energy was set to 20~MeV. The green area at the bottom represents the systematic uncertainties. Figure is adopted from~\cite{BS_WASA}.\label{Wojtek}}  
\end{figure}

Experiment performed in 2010 allowed to collect the data with about ten times higher statistics. The excitation functions determined for $dd\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} p \pi{}^{-}$ and $dd\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} n \pi{}^{0}$ processes, however do not reveal any direct narrow structure which could be signature of the bound state with width less than 50~MeV. So far, preliminary upper limit of the total cross section for the $\eta$-mesic $^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$ formation and decay was estimated for both of reactions (Fig.~\ref{Result_sigma_upp}). In case of $dd\rightarrow(^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound}\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} p \pi{}^{-}$ reaction we achieved a sensitivity of the cross section of the order of few nb which is about four times better in comparison with the result obtained from 2008 data~\cite{BS_WASA}. The obtained upper limit value does not exclude the theoretically estimated value $\sigma_{tot}=$4.5~nb~\cite{WycechKrzemien}.
The excitation function for the $dd\rightarrow(^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound}\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} n \pi{}^{0}$ reaction was for the first time determined experimentally. The obtained upper limit is here by factor of five larger than predicted value therefore, one can conclude, that the measurement does not exclude the existence of bound state in this process either~\cite{Kelkar_2015_new}. 

The excitation functions determined for both of reactions are a subject of interpretation of few theoretical groups~\cite{Kelkar_Acta2016,Miyatani_Acta2016} with respect to very wide \mbox{$(^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound}$} or \mbox{$^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$N^{*}$} bound system~\cite{Kelkar_2015_new}.


\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=6.5cm,height=4.5cm]{Plots/hXSupp_lev4_cut4_Bs30_pol2_syst_error_total_all1.png}
\includegraphics[width=6.5cm,height=4.5cm]{Plots/hXSupp_lev3_cut4_Bs30_pol2_syst_error_total_no_cuts_Wojtek.png}
\caption{Preliminary upper limit of the total cross-section for $dd\rightarrow(^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound}\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} n \pi{}^{0}$ (left panel) and $dd\rightarrow(^{4}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound}\rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} p \pi{}^{-}$ (right panel) reaction as a function of the width of the bound state. The binding energy was set to 30~MeV. The green areas denote the systematic uncertainties~\cite{Skurzok_PhD}. The figure is adapted from Ref.~\cite{Acta_2016}.~\label{Result_sigma_upp}}  
\end{figure}



\section{PERSPECTIVES}


\indent In May 2014, the WASA-at-COSY collaboration performed the measurement dedicated to search for $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta$ bound states~\cite{Proposal_new} in processes corresponding to the three mechanisms: (i) absorption of the $\eta$ meson by one of the nucleons, which subsequently decays into $N^{*}$-$\pi$ pair e.g.: $pd \rightarrow$ ($^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound} \rightarrow$ $p p p \pi{}^{-}$ , (ii) decay of the $\eta$ -meson while it is still "orbiting" around a nucleus e.g.: $pd \rightarrow$ ($^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound} \rightarrow$ $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He} 2\gamma$ reactions and (iii) $\eta$ meson absorption by few nucleons e.g.: $pd \rightarrow$ ($^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound} \rightarrow$ $ppn$. Almost two weeks of measurement with an high average luminosity (6$\cdot10^{30}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$) brought a world largest data sample for $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta$. The data analysis is ongoing. 

Also another international collaborations carry out experimental searches for $\eta$ and $\eta'$- mesic bound states. At J-PARC the search for $\eta$-mesic nuclei is going to be performed in pion induced reaction~\cite{Fujioka2}, while the GSI group for the first time have performed the search for $\eta'$ - mesic bound systems in inclusive measurement of the $^{12}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{C}$(p,d) reaction~\cite{Yoshiki, Fujioka3}. The data analysis is in progress. In parallel to the experimental investigations, several theoretical studies are ongoing~\cite{ Wilkin_2016, Kelkar, BassTom, WycechKrzemien, Hirenzaki_2010, Hirenzaki1, Friedman_2013, Wilkin2, Nagahiro_2013, Niskanen_2015}. 




\section{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}

We acknowledge support by the Foundation for Polish Science - MPD program, co-financed by the European Union within the European Regional Development Fund, by the Polish National Science Center through grants No.~DEC-2013/11/N/ST2/04152, 2011/01/B/ST2/00431, 2011/03/B/ST2/01847 and by the FFE grants of the Forschungszentrum J\"ulich.


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