Continuous Learning in Neural Machine Translation using Bilingual Dictionaries
Jan Niehues
Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering (DKE)
Maastricht University
Maastricht
The Netherlands
jan.niehues@maastrichtuniversity.nl
While recent advances in deep learning led to significant improvements in machine translation, neural machine translation is often still not able to continuously adapt to the environment. For humans, as well as for machine translation, bilingual dictionaries are a promising knowledge source to continuously integrate new knowledge. However, their exploitation poses several challenges: The system needs to be able to perform one-shot learning as well as model the morphology of source and target language. In this work, we proposed an evaluation framework to assess the ability of neural machine translation to continuously learn new phrases. We integrate one-shot learning methods for neural machine translation with different word representations and show that it is important to address both in order to successfully make use of bilingual dictionaries. By addressing both challenges we are able to improve the ability to translate new, rare words and phrases from 30\% to up to 70\%. The correct lemma is even generated by more than 90\%.
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\title{Continuous Learning in Neural Machine Translation using Bilingual Dictionaries}

\author{Jan Niehues \\
  Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering (DKE) \\
  Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands \\
  \texttt{jan.niehues@maastrichtuniversity.nl} }

\date{}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}

While recent advances in deep learning led to significant improvements in machine translation, neural machine translation is often still not able to continuously adapt to the environment. 
For humans, as well as for machine translation, bilingual dictionaries are a promising knowledge source to continuously integrate new knowledge. However, their exploitation poses several challenges: The system needs to be able to perform one-shot learning as well as model the morphology of source and target language.

In this work, we proposed an evaluation framework to assess the ability of neural machine translation to continuously learn new phrases. We integrate one-shot learning methods for neural machine translation with different word representations and show that it is important to address both in order to successfully make use of bilingual dictionaries. By addressing both challenges we are able to improve the ability to translate new, rare words and phrases from 30\% to up to 70\%. The correct lemma is even generated by more than 90\%.


\end{abstract}


\section{Introduction}

Recent advances in neural machine translation (NMT) have led to astonishing translation quality of research systems in evaluation campaigns as well as for commercial systems. These improvements even led to discussions whether automatic machine translation is already on par with human translation \citep{barrault_findings_2019}.
One challenge that has raised less attention is the ability of these systems to continuously learn over time. In contrast, humans are continuously improving their skills and adapting to an ever-changing environment.



\begin{table*}[ht]
 \begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll}
Source: &  Tell us, what have you got against \textbf{giraffes} ?\\
Dictionary: & giraffe $\rightarrow$ Giraffe \\
Reference: & was haben Sie eigentlich gegen \textbf{Giraffen} ? \\
Annotation: & Tell us, what have you got against \# giraffes \# Giraffe \# ? \\
\end{tabular}   
\end{center}
\caption{\label{Example} Example of dictionary usage }

\end{table*}


There are several reasons why this is necessary: First, nobody is fluent in all possible domains. Even professional translators need to adapt to the specific vocabulary of different domains. Secondly, language is not static but developing over time and translators need to learn new terms, meanings and expressions.

For humans, one successful approach to adapt to the environment is the usage of a dictionary \footnote{In this work the dictionary entries can consist of a single word or whole phrases}. Learning translations from a dictionary has several advantages: Dictionaries contain minimal examples. We do not need to collect full sentences, but can directly learn translations from a single phrase. Furthermore, this can even be generalized to other inflected forms of the same lexem. 
Secondly, it enables the system to directly integrate correction. If a user sees a specific problem, the user can interact with the system by adding a specific dictionary entry. This is very important if a specific terminology should be used. 

Motivated by the success for human translators, in this work we will enable NMT to also successfully integrate knowledge from bilingual dictionaries. Thereby, we will focus on learning translations that could not be learned from parallel data. This poses several interesting research challenges as shown in the example in Table \ref{Example}. When training a system on the proceedings of the European Parliament, it might never have seen the word \textit{giraffe} and needs to learn the translation from the dictionary. First of all, we have to address one-shot learning. The system needs to be able to continuously learn new dictionary entries and then should directly be able to translate all occurrences of this phrase.

Secondly, the model must be aware of the morphology of the source and target language. In a dictionary only the base form of a word is given. In the example only the lemma \textit{giraffe} is in the dictionary, but not the plural form \textit{giraffes}. Therefore, we must enable the system to translate different lexemes of a lemma by knowing only the translation of the base form. This involves analysing the morphological form of the source word, transferring the information about the form to the target and finally generating the correct morphological form of the target word based on the dictionary entry as well as on the morphological form of the source word. In German the plural of the dictionary entry \textit{Giraffe} is \textit{Giraffen}.



In order to assess the approaches on this challenging condition, it is essential to define an appropriate evaluation scheme. While the ability to continuously learn new translations is essential in many practical applications, the newly learned terminology will only occur rarely. Therefore, standard methods for evaluating machine translation are not able to measure the effect appropriately. 


In order to address these challenges, we develop the following contributions:
\begin{itemize}
    \item We developed a targeted evaluation approach for the continuous learning of new translations (Section \ref{Evaluation}) 
    \item We showed that character-based representation is essential to inflect unknown words correctly. (Section \ref{Model})
    \item We show that only the combination of word representation and one-shot learning enables the successful integration of bilingual dictionaries (Section \ref{Model})
\end{itemize}



\section{Evaluation scenario}
\label{Evaluation}
The first important research question that needs to be addressed in the targeted continuous learning scenario is the evaluation approach. While the evaluation of machine translation is well-established (e.g. using BLEU \citep{papineni-etal-2002-bleu}), new learned words are typically rare words and therefore their influence on a BLEU score calculated on all words is very limited.

In order to have a valid evaluation approach, the evaluation should focus on phrases that cannot be learned from the parallel data. These are typically very rare phrases. Furthermore, we want to translate them in a real world situation. Therefore, the evaluation data should not be synthetic sentences. Finally, the approach should be using the standard parallel data without the need of collecting additional parallel data.

A first attempt would be to use existing test data and select sentences where dictionary entries are needed as e.g. done in \cite{dinu_training_2019}. However, if we limit ourselves to phrases that do not occur in the parallel data or only a few times, the number of occurring words in the test sets are too low to draw any conclusions.

Therefore, we evaluate our approach by proposing a new test-train split of existing parallel data. In a first step, we filter a large background dictionary for entries that help to translate phrases that only occur a few times in the existing parallel data. In a second step, we select some of the sentences with their matching dictionaries entries as the new test sets. An overview of the process is shown in Figure \ref{fig:eval}. Finally, we specifically evaluate the ability of the translation system to translate the dictionary entries.

In addition, it is important to ensure that the proposed methods do not have negative side effects on the overall translation quality. Therefore, we also evaluate the model using standard evaluation metrics on well-established test sets and on the proposed test set. Due to the weakness of these metrics to measure improvements in rare words, we do not expect that the proposed methods improve on these metrics, but it is important that the performance measured in these metrics does not decrease significantly.

\begin{figure*}[h] 
\centering
         \includegraphics[width=.75\textwidth]{Evaluation.png}
\caption{Overview of the evaluation approach: Based on the parallel data and dictionary, a new split of the data is generated}
\label{fig:eval}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Dictionary filtering}

In a first step, we create a large background dictionary for each considered language pair by extracting a bilingual dictionary from the English Wiktionary. Therefore, we extracted the translation from a Wiktionary dump\footnote{ https://dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiktionary/20200501/enwiktionary-20200501-pages-articles.xml.bz2} using wiktextract \footnote{https://github.com/tatuylonen/wiktextract}.

Secondly, we match the dictionary entries to the targeted corpus. Therefore, we lemmatize all dictionary entries as well as both sides of the parallel data. This is done to also find matches for all morphological variants of the dictionary entries. Finally, we calculate the statistics mentioned in Table \ref{Stat} for each dictionary entry about its matches to the parallel data.

In a third step, we filter the dictionary based on the statistics. We only select words that are rare in the corpus. If the words are common and occur often in the training data, a dictionary entry would not be helpful. Secondly, we want to analyse the ability of the system to generate different morphological forms. Therefore, we only consider entries that occur at least with two different morphological variants on the target side. Finally, in this work we focus on words that are not ambiguous. We leave an integration of word sense disambiguation to also handle ambiguous dictionary entries for future work. Therefore, we only consider phrases, where both, the source and target phrase, occur less than $10$ times with a different translation than the one given in the dictionary. 

\begin{table}[ht]
 \begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline
   Statistic & Threshold \\ \hline
Occurrences & $ 3 \le k \le 80 $ \\ 
target inflected phrases & $\ge 2 $ \\
only source/target match & $< 10$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}   
\end{center}
\caption{\label{Stat} Dictionary filtering }

\end{table}


\subsection{Train-Test Split}

Finally we generate a split of the corpus into training, validation and test sets based on the selected dictionary entries as shown in Figure \ref{fig:eval}. The model needs to learn how to use the dictionary. Therefore, several training sentences need to be annotated with dictionary entries. Furthermore, we want to evaluate the ability of the model to translate phrases it has seen a few times in training (\textit{Few-Shot learning}) as well as words it only has seen in the dictionary (\textit{One-shot learning}). 
Therefore, we split the entries in the dictionary equally into three sets (\textit{Test (yellow)}, \textit{Mix (orange)} and \textit{Train (green)}). All sentence pairs associated with entries from the \textit{Test} set are added to the newly created test set. 

In a second step, we select all the sentences from the remaining training sentences, where an entry from the \textit{Mix} set occurs. For each entry, half the sentences are added to the test set and a quarter to the validation and training set.

Finally, all sentences with entries from \textit{Train} are equally distributed to the training and validation set. Since we want to concentrate on modelling the morphology when using the dictionary and not the translation ambiguity for dictionary entries, we removed all sentences from the training where the source entry from the dictionary occurs, but the target sentence does not contain the target entry. Due to our selection of the dictionary, where we focus on words that have only very few different translations (less than $10$ times a different one), we only removed very few sentences here. All remaining sentences with no annotations (most of the sentences) were used for training.



    
\subsection{Evaluation}
\label{Ana}


When evaluating we want to focus on the system's ability to translate the phrases from the dictionary. Therefore, we measure the accuracy of translating the dictionary entries in addition to the commonly used BLEU score. In addition to calculating the accuracy by comparing the inflected words of hypothesis and reference (\textit{Exact match}), we calculate further statistics to analyse the approaches.

In addition, we measure the ability of the system to at least create the correct lemma by ignoring errors made due to wrong inflection of the words. Therefore, for each sentence, we compare the target lemmatized phrase of the dictionary entry with the lemmatized version of the generated translation. We will refer to this metric as \textit{Lemma match}

Finally, we are especially interested in the ability of the model to generate the correct inflected form. For many words, this is quite straightforward since it is the same as the lemma. Therefore, we also measure the exact match on the subset of the dictionary entries, where the target side of the dictionary is different from the inflect form occurring in the reference. To generate the correct translation, in this case the model really needs to change the output. We will refer to this metric as \textit{Morph. Adjustment}.

In addition to these three evaluation scores, we also investigate the performance on the different types of entries. We evaluate all metrics on all entries and independently on the one-shot (\textit{OneS}) and few-shot (\textit{FewS}) entries.



\section{NMT Dictionary Integration}
\label{Model}

To successfully integrate the dictionary into the NMT system, we need to address two challenges: First, we need to enable the system to perform one-shot learning. It should be able to translate a phrase after seeing it only once in the bilingual dictionary. Furthermore, it needs to be possible to continuously add new translations. Secondly, we need to model the morphology of the dictionary entries. We need to use the dictionary for different inflected forms of the word and also generate various inflected forms of the target phrase.

\subsection{One-shot learning}
\label{OneShot}

In order to achieve one-shot learning, we need to combine the dictionary with our neural machine translation system. The combination should ensure fast learning, so a single dictionary entry is enough to learn the translation. Furthermore, it needs to be flexible, so new dictionary entries can be continuously added to the system and it is able to perform life-long learning by using the newly added entries.


One large advantage of deep learning approaches is that they are able to easily incorporate additional information. By annotating the input with additional information, the model is able to learn automatically how to make use of this additional information. This has been successfully done, for example, for the translation of other MT systems \citep{niehues_pre-translation_2016}, for domain information \citep{kobus_domain_2017} or information about formality \citep{sennrich_controlling_2016}.

For the integration of additional knowledge about specific phrases, we follow similar approaches presented in \citet{pham_towards_2018} and \citet{dinu_training_2019}. The main idea is that we annotate each source phrase, for which a dictionary translation is available with this translation. This is done by appending the translation to the source phrase within the sentence as shown in Table \ref{Example}. Since this is done during training and testing, the system is able to learn to copy and modify these suggestions. No further adaptation to the architecture of the NMT system is necessary. The system will learn how to exploit these systems and can transfer this knowledge to new translations that have not been seen in training. Therefore, the translations need only to be added once to the dictionary, which enables the system to perform one-shot learning as well as to continuously learn new translation by extending the dictionary.

The main difference to previous work is that we are focusing on very rare words and morphological variants of the dictionary phrases. Therefore, we investigate the matching of the dictionary entries as well as the number of necessary entries.

In order to find the dictionary entries for a given source sentence, we first lemmatize the sentence. In a second step, we then match the dictionary to the lemmatized sentences. Finally, we map back the found entries to the original sentence.

In annotating the source sentence, we follow the related work and append the translation to the source phrase. As shown in Figure \ref{Example}, we replace the source word \textit{giraffes} by the entry \textit{\# giraffes \# Giraffe \#}. In contrast to the original work, we do not have the inflect target words, but only put the lemmatized target string to the sentence. For the source side, we keep the inflected form for the source sentence so the system is able to extract important morphological information from the source (e.g. grammatical number) and map it to the target. This is done for the training and test data. Then the baseline neural machine translation system is trained normally on the annotated sentences. We did not adapt the architecture since in \citet{dinu_training_2019} the standard transformer based system was able to learn to copy the suggested translations into the target side.

While the system should learn to also use dictionary entries it has not seen during training, the system needs enough examples in order to learn how to use dictionary entries in general. Since we are concentrating on very rare words, the number of dictionary entries in the parallel data is relatively small. For larger corpora, we therefore explore whether it is helpful to annotate additional phrases. This was done by also extracting phrases that occur more often (\textit{add. Annot}). However, we did use the same split and also evaluated our approach only on the rare phrases.

\subsection{Word representations}
\label{Representation}
A second challenge when building a machine translation system for the targeted scenario is the generation of the correct inflected word form. Since we have seen the new words only in the dictionary, we will often need to generate different inflected word forms that we have neither seen in the dictionary nor in the corpus.

While there have been attempts to generate unknown inflected word forms for dictionary entries (e.g. \citet{niehues_using_2011}) prior to neural machine translation, the ability to represent parts of the words in neural machine translation offer a unique opportunity to model morphological inflection. Therefore, in this work, we concentrated on the word representation used in the NMT system. Thereby, we always use the same representation for the source and the target language. The most commonly used word representation used in state-of-the-art neural machine translation systems are byte-pair-encodings (BPE) \citep{sennrich_neural_2016}. A second successful approach to represent words in a neural machine translation system are character-based representations, where each word is split into its characters.

While there have been several works on comparing these two representations(e.g. \citet{sennrich_how_2017}, they are mostly concentrating on generating the overall best translation performance. However, in this work, we will focus on the rare words. Since only for these words we need to learn how to generate different inflected forms. For the more frequent words, this is often not that important since all word forms occur several times in the corpus.

Besides the generation of unknown inflected forms, the word representation is also important when learning to copy the annotations to the target. If we look at the example dictionary entry \textit{ concentric $\rightarrow$ konzentrisch}, the lemma \textit{konzentrisch} got split into the subwords \textit{konzent@@ ris@@ ch} while the inflect form \textit{konzentrischer} into \textit{kon@@ zentr@@ ischer}. In this case there is no overlap in the subwords between the lemma and the inflected form. Therefore, it is difficult for the system to learn from the suggested translation. In contrast, when looking at the character-based representation, the model can copy the lemma and only has to learn to add additional tokens at the end.


In a first step, we compared character-based and sub-word based models. Thereby, we highlight their ability to generate new inflected forms of rare words. For both we used exactly the same NMT architecture. The only difference is that the input and output length for the character-based models is significantly larger since the number of characters is higher than the number of subwords.

We will see that the character-based models are significantly better in generating the different inflected forms for rare words. However, a major challenge is the training time. Due to the significant longer sequence length, also the training and decoding time is much slower. Therefore, we also propose a combination of word-based and character-based models.

In the mixed representation, we split each word that occurs less than $k$ times into its characters, while the other words are kept as they are. Since only frequent words are not split into characters, no further subword segmentation for these words is performed. Thereby, we can speed up the processing due to a short sequence length, but still have the ability to learn how to inflect rare words. Some dictionary entries contain phrases with many frequent words. In order to be able to better inflect these words, in a second approach we in addition split also all words within a dictionary phrase into characters. We refer to this technique as \textit{Mix+Annot}.



\section{Experiments}

We evaluate the approaches on three different data sizes and on two different language pairs (English-German and English-Czech). Since we are focusing on the generation of different morphological forms, we always use the morphologically rich language as the target language.


\subsection{Data}

For English-to-German we created two datasets with different sizes. A first series of experiments is run on the TED \citep{cettolo_wit_2012} corpus. We split the corpus into training, validation and test sets as described in Section \ref{Evaluation}. In addition, we evaluate the system also on the official test sets \textit{tst2014}, \textit{tst2015} and \textit{2018} and report average metrics for these test sets.

For the second system, we use the Europarl corpus \citep{koehn_europarl_2005}. This corpus is around 10 times bigger than the TED corpus as shown in Table \ref{SIZE}. In addition to the target test set, we also tested the systems on the test2006 and test2007, which are the most recent official test sets from the same domain used for the WMT.


Finally, we also tested the techniques on a different language pair. For this we choose English to Czech and also use the Europarl corpus for these experiments. Since there is no official in-domain corpus available, we tested the systems also on the newstest2019 test set.

As shown in Table \ref{SIZE}, the parameters mentioned in Section \ref{Evaluation} lead to a reasonable test set size for all corpora. As mentioned in Section \ref{OneShot}, we evaluate the system on Europarl with different amounts of training annotations. All data sets with their splits are available for further experiments \footnote{https://nlp-dke.github.io/data/rareWordNMT/}.


\begin{table}[ht]
 \begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{lrrr} \hline 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{EN-DE} & EN-CS \\
& TED & Europarl & Europarl \\ \hline
Train & 198K & 1.9M & 636K \\
 - Annot & 1.6K & 1.2K & 2.7K \\
 - add. Annot & & 14.5K & 24.3K \\
Valid & 1610 & 1196 & 2000 \\
Test & 3181 &  2140 & 5360 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}   
\end{center}
\caption{\label{SIZE} Data size in number of sentences }
\end{table}

\subsection{System}

All data was processed using the Stanza toolkit \citep{qi_stanza_2020} for tokenization and lemmatization. The lemmatization was only used for matching the dictionary entries, the translation systems were built on the inflected words. If BPE is applied, we used a BPE size of 20K. For the mixed representation, words occurring less than $k=50$ times were represented as individual characters.

We use the standard transformer architecture \citep{vaswani_attention_2017} and increase the number of layers to eight. The layer size is 512 and the inner size is 2048. Furthermore, we apply word dropout \citep{gal_theoretically_2016} with $p=0.1$.  We use the same learning rate schedule as in the original work and the implementation presented in \cite{pham_very_2019} \footnote{https://github.com/nlp-dke/NMTGMinor}. All systems were always trained from scratch with random initialization.


\subsection{TED}
\begin{table*}[!ht]
 \begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{llcccc} \hline 
\multirow{2}{*}{Represen-tation} & \multirow{2}{*}{One-Shot} &  \multicolumn{2}{c}{ CL Test} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{official Test} \\ 
&& BLEU $\uparrow$ & characTER $\downarrow$ & BLEU $\uparrow$ & characTER $\downarrow$ \\ \hline
BPE & No & 25.97 & 44.09 & 26.17 & 44.62\\
Character & No & 28.12 & 42.79 & 26.57 & 44.27\\ 
Mix & No & 27.44 & 42.79 & 26.83 & 44.28\\
BPE & Annot & 26.00 & 41.74 & 26.21 & 44.73\\
Character & Annot & 28.92 & 40.16 & 26.72 & 43.96\\ 
Mix & Annot & 28.93 & 40.96  & 26.8 & 44.44\\ \hline

\end{tabular}   
\end{center}
\caption{\label{TEDTranslationMetric} Translation quality on TED tasks }
\end{table*}


\begin{table*}[!ht]
 \begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll|ccc|ccc|ccc} \hline 
\multirow{2}{*}{Representation} & \multirow{2}{*}{One-Shot} &  \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Exact match} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Lemma match} & \multicolumn{3}{|c}{Morph. Adjustment} \\ 
&& All & OneS & FewS & All & OneS & FewS & All & OneS & FewS \\ \hline
BPE & No & 34 & 22 & 53 & 31 & 27 & 62 & 29 & 22 & 43\\
Character & No &  48 & 40 & 60 & 55 & 47 & 68 & 45 & 43 & 48\\ 
Mix & No & 42 & 35 & 54 & 49 & 40 & 63 & 38 & 34 & 46\\ \hline
BPE & Annot & 48 & 34 & 69 & 62 & 46 & 88 & 33 & 24 & 50\\
Character & Annot & 76 & 74 & 78 & 92 & 91 & 93 & 62 & 61 & 64\\ 
Mix & Annot & 75 & 72 & 79 & 92 & 91 & 94 & 59 & 56 & 65\\ \hline

\end{tabular}   
\end{center}
\caption{\label{TEDTranslationAna} Rare word accuracy on TED tasks }
\end{table*}


A first series of experiments were performed on the TED task. We evaluated the one-shot learning approach by source sentence annotation as well as the three different word representations described in Section \ref{Representation}. In a first step, we evaluated the translation performance using BLEU (mteval-v14.pl) and characTER \citep{wang_character:_2016} on the continuous learning test set as well as on the official test set (Table \ref{TEDTranslationMetric}).

The baseline systems using no one-shot learning do not annotate the source at all and are trained on the standard parallel data. If we take a look at the official test set, we see systems using character-based representation (\textit{Character} and \textit{Mix}) perform slightly better than the subword-based models. This might be due to the fact that the TED training data is rather small. Secondly, the one-shot learning approach has no influence on the translation performance of this test set. This is not surprising, since only 94 phrases in the 4343 sentences of the test sets were annotated. Therefore, we also evaluated our approach on the dedicated continuous-learning test set (\textit{CL test}), created by the new train-test split.

The improvements by character-based representation on the CL test set are even larger. This might be due to the fact that there are more rare words in these sentences and therefore the advantages of the character-based models is stronger. Secondly, in this case, the one-shot approach improvements improve the translation quality. Since the improvements for the BPE-based system are only measured by characTER and not by BLEU might indicate that for this system it is more challenging to generate the correct inflected form. 

To better analyse this, we also perform a detailed evaluation as described in Section \ref{Ana} and shown in Table \ref{TEDTranslationAna}. 
First of all, the experiments show the difficulty of the task. The baseline system is only able to translate 34\% of the phrases correctly. For the one-shot subset this even drops to 22\%.

Secondly, the experiments show that the challenge can only successfully be addressed by modelling both: one-shot learning and word representation. On the last two lines using character-based word representation and one-shot learning are able to achieve high accuracy. We see an improvement by 50\% percent absolutely, which is a relative improvement by more than 300\%. Furthermore, for these models there is no longer a clear difference between the one-shot and few-shot examples (Comparison of Columns \textit{OneS} and \textit{FewS}).

By looking at them separately, we see that only using one-shot learning improves the quality slightly. However, even when ignoring the word infection, the model often is not able to produce the correct lemma. The example in Section \ref{Representation}, motivates one challenge when learning to copy with different subword segmentations. If we only use character-based representations, we see improvements, especially for phrases that do not occur in training. In this case, the model is more often able to find the correct translation based on translations of other words. However, a similar performance between the few-shot and one-shot learning is only achieved by combining both techniques.

Finally, when only looking at the words where the lemma is different from the inflected form, we still see open research challenges. While we also could improve the accuracy from around 20\% or 30\% to nearly 60\%, it is still the most difficult case. 

While there is no clear difference between the character-based model and the mixed model on the output quality, there is a clear difference in training speed. For the full training on 64 epochs, the character-based model needs 14h, while the mixed representation only needs around 4h. While this is still slower than the subword-based model (2.5h), it still allows for a fast training of the model. Therefore, we only compared the mixed and the sub-word based representation for the remaining experiments on larger corpora.



\subsection{Europarl}




\begin{table*}[!ht]
 \begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{lllcccc} \hline 
\multirow{2}{*}{Lang.}  & Represen- & \multirow{2}{*}{One-Shot} &  \multicolumn{2}{c}{ CL Test} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{official Test} \\ 
& tation && BLEU $\uparrow$ & characTER $\downarrow$ & BLEU $\uparrow$ & characTER $\downarrow$ \\ \hline
\multirow{7}{*}{Ger.} & BPE & No & 28.74 & 47.30 & 25.30 & 48.75\\
&Mix & No & 30.83  & 45.80 & 25.52 & 48.48\\ \cline{2-7}
&BPE & Annot & 28.74  & 47.47 & 25.49 & 48.64\\
&Mix & Annot & 31.63 & 44.64 & 25.45 & 48.60\\ \cline{2-7}
&BPE & add. Annot & 28.81 & 47.24 & 25.45 & 48.71\\
&Mix & add. Annot & 31.44 & 44.75 & 25.50 & 48.57\\ 
&Mix+Annot & add. Annot &  31.76 & 44.11 & 25.64 & 48.41\\ \hline
\multirow{5}{*}{Czech} & BPE & No & 34.25 & 39.43 & 16.2 & 57.15\\
 & BPE &  Annot & 34.73 & 38.39 & 15.57 & 57.59\\
 & Mix+Annot & Annot & 34.86 & 38.16 & 16.62 & 57.70\\ \cline{2-7}
 & BPE & add. Annot & 34.74 & 38.89 & 15.7 & 57.37\\
 & Mix+Annot & add. Annot & 35.21 & 37.95 & 16.63 & 57.65\\ \hline

 
\end{tabular}   
   \begin{tabular}{lll|ccc|ccc|ccc} \hline 
\multirow{2}{*}{Lang.}  & Represen- & \multirow{2}{*}{One-Shot} &  \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Exact match} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Lemma match} & \multicolumn{3}{|c}{Morph. Adjustment} \\ 
& tation && All & OneS & FewS & All & OneS & FewS & All & OneS & FewS \\ \hline
\multirow{7}{*}{Ger.} & BPE & No & 32 & 28 & 42 & 39 & 33 & 50 & 28 & 23 & 37\\
 & Mix & No & 42 & 38 & 48 & 50 & 38 & 58 & 37 & 34 & 43\\ \cline{2-12}
& BPE & Annot & 47 & 40 & 61 & 61 & 52 & 80 & 35 & 39 & 47\\
& Mix & Annot & 66 & 65 & 68 & 83 & 81 & 88 & 51 & 47 & 56\\ \cline{2-12}
& BPE & add. Annot & 51 & 49 & 55 & 65 & 62 & 70 & 37 & 36 & 38\\
& Mix & add. Annot & 65 & 63 & 69 & 81 & 78 & 88 & 51 & 40 & 56\\ 
& Mix+Annot & add. Annot & 72 & 72 & 72 & 92 & 91 & 94 & 58 & 56 & 60\\ \hline
\multirow{5}{*}{Czech} & BPE & No & 34 & 25 & 53 & 44 & 32 & 67 & 33 & 24 & 51\\
 & BPE & Annot & 46 & 33 & 70 & 63 & 48 & 92 & 42 & 30 & 67 \\
 & Mix+Annot & Annot & 64 & 61 & 69 & 92 & 91 & 95 & 60 & 58 & 65 \\ \cline{2-12}
& BPE & add. Annot & 45 & 31 & 71 & 61 & 45 & 91 & 41 & 29 & 58 \\
 & Mix+Annot & add. Annot & 66 & 63 & 72 & 92 & 89 & 95 & 63 & 60 & 70 \\ \hline

\end{tabular}   
\end{center}
\caption{\label{EPPSTranslationAna} Translation Performance on the Europarl data set }
\end{table*}

In a second set of experiments, we evaluated the approach on the larger data set on two different language pairs. In addition to the two word representation from the last experiment (\textit{BPE} and \textit{Mix}), we also applied \textit{Mix+Annotate}, where we also represent all words within dictionary entries as characters as described in Section \ref{Representation}. Furthermore, we also investigate \textit{add. Annot}, where additional dictionary entries were used for more training examples. The results are shown in Table \ref{EPPSTranslationAna}.  

The overall picture for these experiments and the previous experiments is quite similar. For all three scenarios, the quality of the various systems on the official test sets is relatively similar, however the systems differ when looking especially at the accuracy of translating the dictionary entries. Only when combining one-shot learning with character-based representation, we are able to successfully translate the dictionary entries. Independent of the language pair and data size, we are able to achieve an accuracy of around 70\% and an accuracy of around 90\% when only looking at the lemmas only. Furthermore, the model performs as good in one-shot learning as in few-shot learning.

However, beside the evidence that the approach works on various language pairs and data sizes, the additional experiments give some more insights. First, although the data is larger, we do not see a difference between the models using additional annotation and the models using only the baseline annotation. So it seems to be sufficient to have around 1000 examples in order to learn to copy the suggestions from the source sentence.

Furthermore, although there are no longer clear improvements for character-based representation on the overall translation performance, also for this experiment with larger data size these representations are essential for the dictionary integration. This is highlighted by the improvements of using characters for all words in dictionary entries (\textit{Mix+Annot}) instead of only for rare words (\textit{Mix}).





\section{Related work}

In recent years, several different approaches to integrate additional data into neural machine translation have been suggested. If this is parallel data, fine-tuning on the additional, better matching data \citep{luong_stanford_2015,lavergne_limsis_2011} is often successful. If the additional data is provided in other forms, different techniques have been investigated.

For human feedback, \citet{turchi_continuous_2017} suggested to use fine-tuning on the human generated post edits. \citet{pham_towards_2018} used phrase pairs extracted by statistical machine translation to annotate translations of rare phrases. In the similar scenario \citet{li_learning_2019} used a neural network to store the external phrase pairs.

Even more work has been done to integrate dictionaries into neural machine translation. A first work by \citet{arthur_incorporating_2016} used the additional dictionary to influence the softmax probabilities of the neural machine translation. Another possibility is to include the dictionary as an additional knowledge source during training using posterior regularization \citep{zhang_prior_2017}. A different approach is chosen by \citet{zhang_bridging_2016} using the dictionary as additional training sentences or generating synthetic sentences. In contrast to this work, these do not allow the integration of new words after training the NMT system. 

Several authors investigate the integration of the dictionary as an additional constraint during the coding process \citep{chatterjee_guiding_2017,hokamp_lexically_2017,hasler_neural_2018}. This leads to a larger complexity in decoding that has been addressed by \citet{post_fast_2018}. However, the dictionary is typically a hard constraint which makes it difficult to learn words forms that do not occur in the dictionary.

Most similar to this work is the approach by \citet{dinu_training_2019}, which like this work and \citet{pham_towards_2018} annotates the source sentence with possible translations. They showed that state-of-the-art models no longer need architecture changes, but can directly learn to copy form the source sentences. In this work, we additionally focus on generating new word morphological forms not occurring in the dictionary. We investigated different word representations and analysed their influence on the ability to copy the dictionary entries.




\section{Conclusion}

By introducing the new continuous learning test set using a different train-test split for existing corpora we could highlight the challenges of state-of-the-art neural machine translation systems. While they achieve very good performance, they are still challenged by new emerging terms. The baseline system was only able to correctly translate 20 to 30 percent of these phrases. 

Our integration of bilingual dictionaries into the systems improves the translation performance to correctly translate the words by up to 70\%. In 90\% of the cases at least the lemma of the word is predicted correctly. Furthermore, in this case, we see no difference in accuracy between words only seen in the dictionary and words also seen a few times in the parallel data. However this is only possible by modelling both: enabling the model to perform one-shot learning and modeling the different morphological forms of the rare phrases. The first one is addressed by annotating the source sentence with dictionary translation while the second one is addressed by using character-based models. By combining character-based and word-based representations we are able to model the different morphological variants of a word as well as enabling the system for fast training.

As mentioned before, this work concentrates on the morphological variants of the dictionary entries and ignores ambiguities due to different possible translation. In the future, we intend to address this by including word sense disambiguation into the translation process.



\bibliography{anthology,references}
\bibliographystyle{acl_natbib}

\end{document}



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}
@inproceedings{hu-chung-2016-wang,
    title = "網路新興語言{\&}耍{'}之語意辨析：以批踢踢語料庫為本(On the semantic analysis of the verb shua3 in Taiwan {M}andarin: The {PTT} corpus-based study)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hu, Hsueh-ying  and
      Chung, Siaw-Fong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1017",
    pages = "164--180",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2016-fei,
    title = "非負矩陣分解法於語音調變頻譜強化之研究(A study of enhancing the modulation spectrum of speech signals via nonnegative matrix factorization)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Xu-Xiang  and
      Zheng, Zhi-Hao  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Hong, Jhih-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1018",
    pages = "181--193",
}
@inproceedings{chen-wang-2016-yi,
    title = "以多重表示選擇文章分類的樣本(Using Multiple Representations to Select Instances for Text Classification)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Yao-Hui  and
      Wang, Jhih-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1019",
    pages = "194--203",
}
@inproceedings{tran-phan-2016-computing,
    title = "Computing Sentiment Scores of Verb Phrases for {V}ietnamese",
    author = "Tran, Thien Khai  and
      Phan, Tuoi Thi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1020",
    pages = "204--213",
}
@inproceedings{rysova-etal-2016-automatic,
    title = "Automatic evaluation of surface coherence in {L}2 texts in {C}zech",
    author = "Rysov{\'a}, Kate{\v{r}}ina  and
      Rysov{\'a}, Magdal{\'e}na  and
      M{\'\i}rovsk{\'y}, Ji{\v{r}}{\'\i}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1021",
    pages = "214--228",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chang-2016-facebook,
    title = "{F}acebook 活動事件擷取系統({F}acebook Activity Event Extraction System)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Yuan-Hao  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1022",
    pages = "229--243",
}
@inproceedings{wu-chen-2016-biao,
    title = "標記對於類神經語音情緒辨識系統辨識效果之影響(Effects of Label in Neural Speech Emotion Recognition System)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Tung-Han  and
      Chen, Chia-Ping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1023",
    pages = "244--254",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-etal-2016-ji,
    title = "基於深層類神經網路及表示學習技術之文件可讀性分類(Classification of Text Readability Based on Deep Neural Network and Representation Learning Techniques)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tseng, Hou-Chiang  and
      Hung, Hsiao-Tsung  and
      Sung, Yao-Ting  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1024",
    pages = "255--270",
}
@inproceedings{hung-etal-2016-ming,
    title = "命名實體識別運用於產品同義詞擴增(Using Named Entity Recognition Increases the Synonym of Products)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hung, Chihli  and
      Huang, Jheng-Hua  and
      Zhong, Rui-Jia  and
      Chen, Liang-Pu  and
      Yang, Ping-Che",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1025",
    pages = "271--283",
}
@inproceedings{magistry-2016-design,
    title = "Design of an Input Method for {T}aiwanese Hokkien using Unsupervized Word Segmentation for Language Modeling",
    author = "Magistry, Pierre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1026",
    pages = "284--298",
}
@inproceedings{lin-hsieh-2016-sarcasm,
    title = "Sarcasm Detection in {C}hinese Using a Crowdsourced Corpus",
    author = "Lin, Shih-Kai  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1027",
    pages = "299--310",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2016-ji-yu,
    title = "基於深層類神經網路之音訊事件偵測系統(Deep Neural Networks for Audio Event Detection)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Jhih-wei  and
      Liu, Chia-Hsin  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1028",
    pages = "311--324",
}
@inproceedings{hsiao-etal-2016-ji,
    title = "基於增強式深層類神經網路之語言辨認系統(Reinforcement Training for Deep Neural Networks-based Language Recognition)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsiao, Yen-Wen  and
      Liu, Hung-Jui  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1029",
    pages = "325--341",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2016-zhong,
    title = "中文近義詞的偵測與判別(Detection and Discrimination of {C}hinese Near-synonyms)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Li, Shih-Min  and
      Bai, Ming-Hong  and
      Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Huang, Shu-Ling  and
      Lin, Ching-Lung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1030",
    pages = "342--351",
}
@inproceedings{miao-etal-2016-gou,
    title = "構建一個中文國小數學文字問題語料庫(Building a Corpus for Developing the {C}hinese Elementary School Math Word Problem Solver)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Miao, Shen-Yun  and
      Lin, Su-Chu  and
      Ma, Wei-Yun  and
      Su, Keh-Yih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1031",
    pages = "352--371",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2016-ji,
    title = "基於深層遞迴類神經網路之多通道電視回聲消除系統(Multi-Channel Television Echo Cancellation based on Deep Recurrent Neural Networks)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Hung  and
      Hung, Wei-Jung  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1032",
    pages = "372--386",
}
@inproceedings{sun-lee-2016-ji,
    title = "基於多模態主動式學習法進行需備標記樣本之挑選用於候用校長評鑑之自動化評分系統建置(A Multimodal Active Learning Approach toward Identifying Samples to Label during the Development of Automatic Oral Presentation Assessment System for Pre-service Principals Certification Program)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Sun, Hung-Ching  and
      Lee, Chi-Chun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1033",
    pages = "387--401",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2016-generation,
    title = "Generation of Conceptual-Level Text Cloud with Graph Diffusion",
    author = "Lin, Ying-Chun  and
      Yang, Po-An  and
      Lee, Yen-Kuan  and
      Chuang, Kun-Ta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2016)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-1034",
    pages = "402--411",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2016-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 1, June 2016",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-Hua",
    month = jun,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-2000",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2016-segmentation,
    title = "A Segmentation Matrix Method for {C}hinese Segmentation Ambiguity Analysis",
    author = "Chen, Yanping  and
      Zheng, Qinghua  and
      Tian, Feng  and
      Zheng, Deli",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 1, June 2016",
    month = jun,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-2001",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2016-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Template Extraction for Recognizing Reader-Emotion",
    author = "Chang, Yung-Chun  and
      Chu, Chun-Han  and
      Chen, Chien Chin  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 1, June 2016",
    month = jun,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-2002",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2016-enriching,
    title = "Enriching Cold Start Personalized Language Model Using Social Network Information",
    author = "Huang, Yu-Yang  and
      Yan, Rui  and
      Kuo, Tsung-Ting  and
      Lin, Shou-De",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 1, June 2016",
    month = jun,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-2003",
}
@inproceedings{wang-lu-2016-identifying,
    title = "Identifying the Names of Complex Search Tasks with Task-Related Entities",
    author = "Wang, Ting-Xuan  and
      Lu, Wen-Hsiang",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 1, June 2016",
    month = jun,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-2004",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2016-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 2, {D}ecember 2016",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    month = dec,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-3000",
}
@inproceedings{bai-etal-2016-ji-yu,
    title = "基於詞語分布均勻度的核心詞彙選擇 (A Study on Dispersion Measures for Core Vocabulary Compilation) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Bai, Ming-Hong  and
      Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Chien, Ying-Ni  and
      Huang, Shu-Ling  and
      Lin, Ching-Lung",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 2, {D}ecember 2016",
    month = dec,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-3001",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-ma-2016-n,
    title = "N-best Rescoring for Parsing Based on Dependency-Based Word Embeddings",
    author = "Hsieh, Yu-Ming  and
      Ma, Wei-Yun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 2, {D}ecember 2016",
    month = dec,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-3002",
}
@inproceedings{yan-etal-2016-shi-yong,
    title = "使用字典學習法於強健性語音辨識 (The Use of Dictionary Learning Approach for Robustness Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yan, Bi-Cheng  and
      Shih, Chin-Hong  and
      Liu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 2, {D}ecember 2016",
    month = dec,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-3003",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-etal-2016-ping-gu,
    title = "評估尺度相關最佳化方法於華語錯誤發音檢測之研究 (Evaluation Metric-related Optimization Methods for {M}andarin Mispronunciation Detection) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsu, Yao-Chi  and
      Yang, Ming-Han  and
      Hung, Hsiao-Tsung  and
      Lin, Yi-Ju  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 2, {D}ecember 2016",
    month = dec,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-3004",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2016-ji-yu-zi,
    title = "基於字元階層之語音合成用文脈訊息擷取 (Character-Level Linguistic Features Extraction for Text-to-Speech System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Kuan-Hung  and
      Liao, Shu-Han  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu  and
      Wang, Yih-Ru",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 2, {D}ecember 2016",
    month = dec,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-3005",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2016-rong-duo,
    title = "融合多任務學習類神經網路聲學模型訓練於會議語音辨識之研究 (Leveraging Multi-Task Learning with Neural Network Based Acoustic Modeling for Improved Meeting Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yang, Ming-Han  and
      Hsu, Yao-Chi  and
      Hung, Hsiao-Tsung  and
      Chen, Ying-Wen  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 21, Number 2, {D}ecember 2016",
    month = dec,
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O16-3006",
}
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@article{wedekind-1999-semantic,
    title = "Semantic-driven Generation with {LFG}- and {PATR}-style Grammars",
    author = {Wedekind, J{\"u}rgen},
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "2",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-2006",
    pages = "277--281",
}
@article{li-abe-1999-learning,
    title = "Learning Dependencies between Case Frame Slots",
    author = "Li, Hang  and
      Abe, Naoki",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "2",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-2007",
    pages = "283--291",
}
@article{lin-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: {W}ord{N}et: An Electronic Lexical Database",
    author = "Lin, Dekang",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "2",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-2008",
}
@article{neufeld-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition",
    author = "Neufeld, Eric",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "2",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-2009",
}
@article{ooi-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics",
    author = "Ooi, Vincent B.Y.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "2",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-2010",
}
@article{lessard-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Learner {E}nglish on Computer",
    author = "Lessard, Greg",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "2",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-2011",
}
@article{nn-1999-briefly-noted,
    title = "Briefly Noted",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "2",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-2012",
}
@article{nn-1999-publications,
    title = "Publications Received",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "2",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-2013",
}
@article{nn-1999-advertisements-2,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "2",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-2014",
}
@article{cl-1999-linguistics-25-number,
    title = "Computational Linguistics, Volume 25, Number 3, September 1999",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3000",
}
@article{strube-hahn-1999-functional,
    title = "Functional Centering {--} Grounding Referential Coherence on Information Structure",
    author = "Strube, Michael  and
      Hahn, Udo",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3001",
    pages = "309--344",
}
@article{nederhof-1999-computational,
    title = "The Computational Complexity of the Correct-Prefix Property for {TAG}s",
    author = "Nederhof, Mark-Jan",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3002",
    pages = "345--360",
}
@article{chu-carroll-carpenter-1999-vector,
    title = "Vector-based Natural Language Call Routing",
    author = "Chu-Carroll, Jennifer  and
      Carpenter, Bob",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3003",
    pages = "361--388",
}
@article{green-carberry-1999-interpreting,
    title = "Interpreting and Generating Indirect Answers",
    author = "Green, Nancy  and
      Carberry, Sandra",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3004",
    pages = "389--435",
}
@article{schutze-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Ambiguity Resolution in Language Learning: Computational and Cognitive Models",
    author = {Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3005",
}
@article{collins-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Beyond Grammar: An Experience-based Theory of Language",
    author = "Collins, Michael",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3006",
}
@article{pulman-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Type-Logical Semantics",
    author = "Pulman, Stephen",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3007",
}
@article{thielen-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Turning a Bilingual Dictionary into a Lexical-Semantic Database",
    author = "Thielen, Christine",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3008",
}
@article{ferrari-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Processing Metonymy and Metaphor",
    author = "Ferrari, St{\'e}phane",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3009",
}
@article{nn-1999-briefly-noted-2,
    title = "Briefly Noted",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3010",
}
@article{sampson-1999-letter,
    title = "Letter to the Editor: Grammatical Depth: A Rejoinder",
    author = "Sampson, Geoffrey",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3011",
}
@article{nn-1999-advertisements-3,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "3",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-3012",
}
@article{cl-1999-linguistics-25-number-4,
    title = "Computational Linguistics, Volume 25, Number 4, {D}ecember 1999",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4000",
}
@article{ritchie-1999-completeness,
    title = "Completeness conditions for mixed strategy bidirectional parsing",
    author = "Ritchie, Graeme",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4001",
    pages = "457--486",
}
@article{briscoe-copestake-1999-lexical,
    title = "Lexical rules in constraint based grammars",
    author = "Briscoe, Ted  and
      Copestake, Ann",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4002",
    pages = "487--526",
}
@article{heeman-allen-1999-speech,
    title = "Speech repains, intonational phrases, and discourse markers: modeling speakers{'} utterances in spoken dialogue",
    author = "Heeman, Peter A.  and
      Allen, James F.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4003",
    pages = "527--572",
}
@article{goodman-1999-semiring,
    title = "Semiring Parsing",
    author = "Goodman, Joshua",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4004",
    pages = "573--606",
}
@article{knight-1999-decoding,
    title = "Decoding complexity in word-replacement translation models",
    author = "Knight, Kevin",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4005",
    pages = "607--615",
}
@article{grosz-gordon-1999-conceptions,
    title = "Conceptions of limited attention and discourse focus",
    author = "Grosz, Barbara J.  and
      Gordon, Peter C.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4006",
    pages = "617--624",
}
@article{mitkov-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Centering Theory in Discourse",
    author = "Mitkov, Ruslan",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4007",
}
@article{hirst-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: {E}uro{W}ord{N}et: A Multilingual Database with Lexical Semantic Networks",
    author = "Hirst, Graeme",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4008",
}
@article{sowa-1999-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought",
    author = "Sowa, John F.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4009",
}
@article{nn-1999-briefly-noted-3,
    title = "Briefly Noted",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4010",
}
@article{nn-1999-publications-received,
    title = "Publications Received",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4011",
}
@article{cole-1999-letter,
    title = "Letter to the Editor: Language Technology for Beginners",
    author = "Cole, Ronald A.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4012",
}
@article{nn-1999-author,
    title = "Author Index: Volume 25",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4013",
}
@article{nn-1999-title,
    title = "Title Index: Volume 25",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4014",
}
@article{nn-1999-advertisements-4,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "25",
    number = "4",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-4015",
}
@proceedings{eacl-2009-european,
    title = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    author = "Lascarides, Alex  and
      Gardent, Claire  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1000",
}
@inproceedings{copestake-2009-invited,
    title = "\textbf{Invited Talk:} Slacker Semantics: Why Superficiality, Dependency and Avoidance of Commitment can be the Right Way to Go",
    author = "Copestake, Ann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1001",
    pages = "1--9",
}
@inproceedings{de-jong-2009-invited,
    title = "\textbf{Invited Talk:} {NLP} and the Humanities: The Revival of an Old Liaison",
    author = "de Jong, Franciska",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1002",
    pages = "10--15",
}
@inproceedings{abdul-rauf-schwenk-2009-use,
    title = "On the Use of Comparable Corpora to Improve {SMT} performance",
    author = "Abdul-Rauf, Sadaf  and
      Schwenk, Holger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1003",
    pages = "16--23",
}
@inproceedings{agarwal-etal-2009-contextual,
    title = "Contextual Phrase-Level Polarity Analysis Using Lexical Affect Scoring and Syntactic {N}-Grams",
    author = "Agarwal, Apoorv  and
      Biadsy, Fadi  and
      McKeown, Kathleen R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1004",
    pages = "24--32",
}
@inproceedings{agirre-soroa-2009-personalizing,
    title = "Personalizing {P}age{R}ank for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Agirre, Eneko  and
      Soroa, Aitor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1005",
    pages = "33--41",
}
@inproceedings{agirre-lopez-de-lacalle-2009-supervised,
    title = "Supervised Domain Adaption for {WSD}",
    author = "Agirre, Eneko  and
      Lopez de Lacalle, Oier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1006",
    pages = "42--50",
}
@inproceedings{ah-pine-jacquet-2009-clique,
    title = "Clique-Based Clustering for Improving Named Entity Recognition Systems",
    author = "Ah-Pine, Julien  and
      Jacquet, Guillaume",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1007",
    pages = "51--59",
}
@inproceedings{albrecht-etal-2009-correcting,
    title = "Correcting Automatic Translations through Collaborations between {MT} and Monolingual Target-Language Users",
    author = "Albrecht, Joshua  and
      Hwa, Rebecca  and
      Marai, G. Elisabeta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1008",
    pages = "60--68",
}
@inproceedings{angelov-2009-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Parsing with Parallel Multiple Context-Free Grammars",
    author = "Angelov, Krasimir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1009",
    pages = "69--76",
}
@inproceedings{apidianaki-2009-data,
    title = "Data-Driven Semantic Analysis for Multilingual {WSD} and Lexical Selection in Translation",
    author = "Apidianaki, Marianna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1010",
    pages = "77--85",
}
@inproceedings{badr-etal-2009-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Phrase Reordering for {E}nglish-to-{A}rabic Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Badr, Ibrahim  and
      Zbib, Rabih  and
      Glass, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1011",
    pages = "86--93",
}
@inproceedings{bangalore-stent-2009-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Parsing Models for Dialog Task Structure",
    author = "Bangalore, Srinivas  and
      Stent, Amanda",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1012",
    pages = "94--102",
}
@inproceedings{brody-lapata-2009-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Word Sense Induction",
    author = "Brody, Samuel  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1013",
    pages = "103--111",
}
@inproceedings{cahill-forst-2009-human,
    title = "Human Evaluation of a {G}erman Surface Realisation Ranker",
    author = "Cahill, Aoife  and
      Forst, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1014",
    pages = "112--120",
}
@inproceedings{carlos-etal-2009-large,
    title = "Large-Coverage Root Lexicon Extraction for {H}indi",
    author = "Carlos, Cohan Sujay  and
      Choudhury, Monojit  and
      Dandapat, Sandipan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1015",
    pages = "121--129",
}
@inproceedings{cartoni-2009-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Morphology in Machine Translation: A Feasibility Study",
    author = "Cartoni, Bruno",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1016",
    pages = "130--138",
}
@inproceedings{chae-nenkova-2009-predicting,
    title = "Predicting the Fluency of Text with Shallow Structural Features: Case Studies of Machine Translation and Human-Written Text",
    author = "Chae, Jieun  and
      Nenkova, Ani",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1017",
    pages = "139--147",
}
@inproceedings{charniak-elsner-2009-em,
    title = "{EM} Works for Pronoun Anaphora Resolution",
    author = "Charniak, Eugene  and
      Elsner, Micha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1018",
    pages = "148--156",
}
@inproceedings{creutz-etal-2009-web,
    title = "Web Augmentation of Language Models for Continuous Speech Recognition of {SMS} Text Messages",
    author = "Creutz, Mathias  and
      Virpioja, Sami  and
      Kovaleva, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1019",
    pages = "157--165",
}
@inproceedings{cromieres-kurohashi-2009-alignment,
    title = "An Alignment Algorithm Using Belief Propagation and a Structure-Based Distortion Model",
    author = "Cromi{\`e}res, Fabien  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1020",
    pages = "166--174",
}
@inproceedings{davidov-rappoport-2009-translation,
    title = "Translation and Extension of Concepts Across Languages",
    author = "Davidov, Dmitry  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1021",
    pages = "175--183",
}
@inproceedings{devault-stone-2009-learning,
    title = "Learning to Interpret Utterances Using Dialogue History",
    author = "DeVault, David  and
      Stone, Matthew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1022",
    pages = "184--192",
}
@inproceedings{dickinson-2009-correcting,
    title = "Correcting Dependency Annotation Errors",
    author = "Dickinson, Markus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1023",
    pages = "193--201",
}
@inproceedings{dinarelli-etal-2009-ranking,
    title = "Re-Ranking Models for Spoken Language Understanding",
    author = "Dinarelli, Marco  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro  and
      Riccardi, Giuseppe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1024",
    pages = "202--210",
}
@inproceedings{dinu-wang-2009-inference,
    title = "Inference Rules and their Application to Recognizing Textual Entailment",
    author = "Dinu, Georgiana  and
      Wang, Rui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1025",
    pages = "211--219",
}
@inproceedings{furstenau-lapata-2009-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = {F{\"u}rstenau, Hagen  and
      Lapata, Mirella},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1026",
    pages = "220--228",
}
@inproceedings{feng-etal-2009-cognitively,
    title = "Cognitively Motivated Features for Readability Assessment",
    author = "Feng, Lijun  and
      Elhadad, No{\'e}mie  and
      Huenerfauth, Matt",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1027",
    pages = "229--237",
}
@inproceedings{feng-bangalore-2009-effects,
    title = "Effects of Word Confusion Networks on Voice Search",
    author = "Feng, Junlan  and
      Bangalore, Srinivas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1028",
    pages = "238--245",
}
@inproceedings{filippova-etal-2009-company,
    title = "Company-Oriented Extractive Summarization of Financial News",
    author = "Filippova, Katja  and
      Surdeanu, Mihai  and
      Ciaramita, Massimiliano  and
      Zaragoza, Hugo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1029",
    pages = "246--254",
}
@inproceedings{fitzgerald-etal-2009-reconstructing,
    title = "Reconstructing False Start Errors in Spontaneous Speech Text",
    author = "Fitzgerald, Erin  and
      Hall, Keith  and
      Jelinek, Frederick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1030",
    pages = "255--263",
}
@inproceedings{forst-fang-2009-tbl,
    title = "{TBL}-Improved Non-Deterministic Segmentation and {POS} Tagging for a {C}hinese Parser",
    author = "Forst, Martin  and
      Fang, Ji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1031",
    pages = "264--272",
}
@inproceedings{frampton-etal-2009-combining,
    title = "Who is {``}You{''}? Combining Linguistic and Gaze Features to Resolve Second-Person References in Dialogue",
    author = "Frampton, Matthew  and
      Fern{\'a}ndez, Raquel  and
      Ehlen, Patrick  and
      Christoudias, Mario  and
      Darrell, Trevor  and
      Peters, Stanley",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1032",
    pages = "273--281",
}
@inproceedings{fraser-etal-2009-rich,
    title = "Rich Bitext Projection Features for Parse Reranking",
    author = {Fraser, Alexander  and
      Wang, Renjing  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1033",
    pages = "282--290",
}
@inproceedings{gomez-rodriguez-etal-2009-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Mildly Non-Projective Dependency Structures",
    author = "G{\'o}mez-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Carlos  and
      Weir, David  and
      Carroll, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1034",
    pages = "291--299",
}
@inproceedings{garera-yarowsky-2009-structural,
    title = "Structural, Transitive and Latent Models for Biographic Fact Extraction",
    author = "Garera, Nikesh  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1035",
    pages = "300--308",
}
@inproceedings{gasser-2009-semitic,
    title = "{S}emitic Morphological Analysis and Generation Using Finite State Transducers with Feature Structures",
    author = "Gasser, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1036",
    pages = "309--317",
}
@inproceedings{gimpel-smith-2009-cube,
    title = "Cube Summing, Approximate Inference with Non-Local Features, and Dynamic Programming without Semirings",
    author = "Gimpel, Kevin  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1037",
    pages = "318--326",
}
@inproceedings{goldberg-etal-2009-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing Unlexicalized Parsing Performance Using a Wide Coverage Lexicon, Fuzzy Tag-Set Mapping, and {EM}-{HMM}-Based Lexical Probabilities",
    author = "Goldberg, Yoav  and
      Tsarfaty, Reut  and
      Adler, Meni  and
      Elhadad, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1038",
    pages = "327--335",
}
@inproceedings{goldstein-stewart-etal-2009-person,
    title = "Person Identification from Text and Speech Genre Samples",
    author = "Goldstein-Stewart, Jade  and
      Winder, Ransom  and
      Sabin, Roberta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1039",
    pages = "336--344",
}
@inproceedings{hamon-etal-2009-end,
    title = "End-to-End Evaluation in Simultaneous Translation",
    author = {Hamon, Olivier  and
      F{\"u}gen, Christian  and
      Mostefa, Djamel  and
      Arranz, Victoria  and
      Kolss, Muntsin  and
      Waibel, Alex  and
      Choukri, Khalid},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1040",
    pages = "345--353",
}
@inproceedings{hasan-etal-2009-learning,
    title = "Learning-Based Named Entity Recognition for Morphologically-Rich, Resource-Scarce Languages",
    author = "Hasan, Kazi Saidul  and
      Rahman, Md. Altaf ur  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1041",
    pages = "354--362",
}
@inproceedings{hasan-ng-2009-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised Part-of-Speech Tagging for Morphologically-Rich, Resource-Scarce Languages",
    author = "Hasan, Kazi Saidul  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1042",
    pages = "363--371",
}
@inproceedings{hoang-koehn-2009-improving,
    title = "Improving Mid-Range Re-Ordering Using Templates of Factors",
    author = "Hoang, Hieu  and
      Koehn, Philipp",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1043",
    pages = "372--379",
}
@inproceedings{iglesias-etal-2009-rule,
    title = "Rule Filtering by Pattern for Efficient Hierarchical Translation",
    author = "Iglesias, Gonzalo  and
      de Gispert, Adri{\`a}  and
      Banga, Eduardo R.  and
      Byrne, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1044",
    pages = "380--388",
}
@inproceedings{izquierdo-etal-2009-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study on Class-Based Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Izquierdo, Rub{\'e}n  and
      Su{\'a}rez, Armando  and
      Rigau, German",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1045",
    pages = "389--397",
}
@inproceedings{jijkoun-hofmann-2009-generating,
    title = "Generating a Non-{E}nglish Subjectivity Lexicon: Relations That Matter",
    author = "Jijkoun, Valentin  and
      Hofmann, Katja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1046",
    pages = "398--405",
}
@inproceedings{kubler-etal-2009-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Coordinations",
    author = {K{\"u}bler, Sandra  and
      Hinrichs, Erhard  and
      Maier, Wolfgang  and
      Klett, Eva},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1047",
    pages = "406--414",
}
@inproceedings{kastner-monz-2009-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Single-Document Key Fact Extraction from Newswire Articles",
    author = "Kastner, Itamar  and
      Monz, Christof",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1048",
    pages = "415--423",
}
@inproceedings{khalilov-fonollosa-2009-n,
    title = "{N}-Gram-Based Statistical Machine Translation versus Syntax Augmented Machine Translation: Comparison and System Combination",
    author = "Khalilov, Maxim  and
      Fonollosa, Jos{\'e} A. R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1049",
    pages = "424--432",
}
@inproceedings{kirschenbaum-wintner-2009-lightly,
    title = "Lightly Supervised Transliteration for Machine Translation",
    author = "Kirschenbaum, Amit  and
      Wintner, Shuly",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1050",
    pages = "433--441",
}
@inproceedings{klenner-ailloud-2009-optimization,
    title = "Optimization in Coreference Resolution is not Needed: A Nearly-Optimal Algorithm with Intensional Constraints",
    author = "Klenner, Manfred  and
      Ailloud, {\'E}tienne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1051",
    pages = "442--450",
}
@inproceedings{koller-lascarides-2009-logic,
    title = "A Logic of Semantic Representations for Shallow Parsing",
    author = "Koller, Alexander  and
      Lascarides, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1052",
    pages = "451--459",
}
@inproceedings{koller-kuhlmann-2009-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Trees and the Strong Generative Capacity of {CCG}",
    author = "Koller, Alexander  and
      Kuhlmann, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1053",
    pages = "460--468",
}
@inproceedings{kopru-yazici-2009-lattice,
    title = "Lattice Parsing to Integrate Speech Recognition and Rule-Based Machine Translation",
    author = {K{\"o}pr{\"u}, Sel{\c{c}}uk  and
      Yaz{\i}c{\i}, Adnan},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1054",
    pages = "469--477",
}
@inproceedings{kuhlmann-satta-2009-treebank,
    title = "Treebank Grammar Techniques for Non-Projective Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Kuhlmann, Marco  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1055",
    pages = "478--486",
}
@inproceedings{langlais-etal-2009-improvements,
    title = "Improvements in Analogical Learning: Application to Translating Multi-Terms of the Medical Domain",
    author = "Langlais, Philippe  and
      Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Zweigenbaum, Pierre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1056",
    pages = "487--495",
}
@inproceedings{lefever-etal-2009-language,
    title = "Language-Independent Bilingual Terminology Extraction from a Multilingual Parallel Corpus",
    author = "Lefever, Els  and
      Macken, Lieve  and
      Hoste, Veronique",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1057",
    pages = "496--504",
}
@inproceedings{lemon-konstas-2009-user,
    title = "User Simulations for Context-Sensitive Speech Recognition in Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Lemon, Oliver  and
      Konstas, Ioannis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1058",
    pages = "505--513",
}
@inproceedings{lerman-etal-2009-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Summarization: Evaluating and Learning User Preferences",
    author = "Lerman, Kevin  and
      Blair-Goldensohn, Sasha  and
      McDonald, Ryan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1059",
    pages = "514--522",
}
@inproceedings{loftsson-2009-correcting,
    title = "Correcting a {POS}-Tagged Corpus Using Three Complementary Methods",
    author = "Loftsson, Hrafn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1060",
    pages = "523--531",
}
@inproceedings{lopez-2009-translation,
    title = "Translation as Weighted Deduction",
    author = "Lopez, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1061",
    pages = "532--540",
}
@inproceedings{louis-nenkova-2009-performance,
    title = "Performance Confidence Estimation for Automatic Summarization",
    author = "Louis, Annie  and
      Nenkova, Ani",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1062",
    pages = "541--548",
}
@inproceedings{ma-way-2009-bilingually,
    title = "Bilingually Motivated Domain-Adapted Word Segmentation for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Ma, Yanjun  and
      Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1063",
    pages = "549--557",
}
@inproceedings{mirkin-etal-2009-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating the Inferential Utility of Lexical-Semantic Resources",
    author = "Mirkin, Shachar  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Shnarch, Eyal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1064",
    pages = "558--566",
}
@inproceedings{mohler-mihalcea-2009-text,
    title = "Text-to-Text Semantic Similarity for Automatic Short Answer Grading",
    author = "Mohler, Michael  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1065",
    pages = "567--575",
}
@inproceedings{moschitti-2009-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic and Semantic Kernels for Short Text Pair Categorization",
    author = "Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1066",
    pages = "576--584",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-etal-2009-discovering,
    title = "Discovering Global Patterns in Linguistic Networks through Spectral Analysis: A Case Study of the Consonant Inventories",
    author = "Mukherjee, Animesh  and
      Choudhury, Monojit  and
      Kannan, Ravi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1067",
    pages = "585--593",
}
@inproceedings{navigli-2009-using,
    title = "Using Cycles and Quasi-Cycles to Disambiguate Dictionary Glosses",
    author = "Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1068",
    pages = "594--602",
}
@inproceedings{ninomiya-etal-2009-deterministic,
    title = "Deterministic Shift-Reduce Parsing for Unification-Based Grammars by Using Default Unification",
    author = "Ninomiya, Takashi  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Shimizu, Nobuyuki  and
      Nakagawa, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1069",
    pages = "603--611",
}
@inproceedings{nothman-etal-2009-analysing,
    title = "Analysing {W}ikipedia and Gold-Standard Corpora for {NER} Training",
    author = "Nothman, Joel  and
      Murphy, Tara  and
      Curran, James R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1070",
    pages = "612--620",
}
@inproceedings{o-seaghdha-copestake-2009-using,
    title = "Using Lexical and Relational Similarity to Classify Semantic Relations",
    author = "{\'O} S{\'e}aghdha, Diarmuid  and
      Copestake, Ann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1071",
    pages = "621--629",
}
@inproceedings{ovrelid-2009-empirical,
    title = "Empirical Evaluations of {A}nimacy Annotation",
    author = "{\O}vrelid, Lilja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1072",
    pages = "630--638",
}
@inproceedings{pasca-2009-outclassing,
    title = "Outclassing {W}ikipedia in Open-Domain Information Extraction: Weakly-Supervised Acquisition of Attributes over Conceptual Hierarchies",
    author = "Pa{\c{s}}ca, Marius",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1073",
    pages = "639--647",
}
@inproceedings{peirsman-geeraerts-2009-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Strong Associations on the Basis of Corpus Data",
    author = "Peirsman, Yves  and
      Geeraerts, Dirk",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1074",
    pages = "648--656",
}
@inproceedings{pennacchiotti-wirth-2009-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Frame Relatedness",
    author = "Pennacchiotti, Marco  and
      Wirth, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1075",
    pages = "657--665",
}
@inproceedings{pinchak-etal-2009-flexible,
    title = "Flexible Answer Typing with Discriminative Preference Ranking",
    author = "Pinchak, Christopher  and
      Lin, Dekang  and
      Rafiei, Davood",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1076",
    pages = "666--674",
}
@inproceedings{rao-ravichandran-2009-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Polarity Lexicon Induction",
    author = "Rao, Delip  and
      Ravichandran, Deepak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1077",
    pages = "675--682",
}
@inproceedings{rieser-lemon-2009-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Generation as Planning Under Uncertainty for Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Rieser, Verena  and
      Lemon, Oliver",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1078",
    pages = "683--691",
}
@inproceedings{sajjad-schmid-2009-tagging,
    title = "Tagging {U}rdu Text with Parts of Speech: A Tagger Comparison",
    author = "Sajjad, Hassan  and
      Schmid, Helmut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1079",
    pages = "692--700",
}
@inproceedings{sangati-zuidema-2009-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Methods for Head Assignments",
    author = "Sangati, Federico  and
      Zuidema, Willem",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1080",
    pages = "701--709",
}
@inproceedings{schlangen-skantze-2009-general,
    title = "A General, Abstract Model of Incremental Dialogue Processing",
    author = "Schlangen, David  and
      Skantze, Gabriel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1081",
    pages = "710--718",
}
@inproceedings{schroeder-etal-2009-word,
    title = "Word Lattices for Multi-Source Translation",
    author = "Schroeder, Josh  and
      Cohn, Trevor  and
      Koehn, Philipp",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1082",
    pages = "719--727",
}
@inproceedings{schweitzer-etal-2009-frequency,
    title = "Frequency Matters: Pitch Accents and Information Status",
    author = {Schweitzer, Katrin  and
      Walsh, Michael  and
      M{\"o}bius, Bernd  and
      Riester, Arndt  and
      Schweitzer, Antje  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1083",
    pages = "728--736",
}
@inproceedings{simpson-etal-2009-using,
    title = "Using Non-Lexical Features to Identify Effective Indexing Terms for Biomedical Illustrations",
    author = "Simpson, Matthew  and
      Demner-Fushman, Dina  and
      Sneiderman, Charles  and
      Antani, Sameer K.  and
      Thoma, George R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1084",
    pages = "737--744",
}
@inproceedings{skantze-schlangen-2009-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Dialogue Processing in a Micro-Domain",
    author = "Skantze, Gabriel  and
      Schlangen, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1085",
    pages = "745--753",
}
@inproceedings{sporleder-li-2009-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Recognition of Literal and Non-Literal Use of Idiomatic Expressions",
    author = "Sporleder, Caroline  and
      Li, Linlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1086",
    pages = "754--762",
}
@inproceedings{spoustova-etal-2009-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Training for the Averaged Perceptron {POS} Tagger",
    author = "Spoustov{\'a}, Drahom{\'\i}ra {``}johanka{''}  and
      Haji{\v{c}}, Jan  and
      Raab, Jan  and
      Spousta, Miroslav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1087",
    pages = "763--771",
}
@inproceedings{sun-tsujii-2009-sequential,
    title = "Sequential Labeling with Latent Variables: An Exact Inference Algorithm and its Efficient Approximation",
    author = "Sun, Xu  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1088",
    pages = "772--780",
}
@inproceedings{takamura-okumura-2009-text,
    title = "Text Summarization Model Based on Maximum Coverage Problem and its Variant",
    author = "Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1089",
    pages = "781--789",
}
@inproceedings{tsuruoka-etal-2009-fast,
    title = "Fast Full Parsing by Linear-Chain Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1090",
    pages = "790--798",
}
@inproceedings{udupa-etal-2009-mint,
    title = "{MINT}: A Method for Effective and Scalable Mining of Named Entity Transliterations from Large Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Udupa, Raghavendra  and
      Saravanan, K  and
      Kumaran, A  and
      Jagarlamudi, Jagadeesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1091",
    pages = "799--807",
}
@inproceedings{van-durme-etal-2009-deriving,
    title = "Deriving Generalized Knowledge from Corpora Using {W}ord{N}et Abstraction",
    author = "Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Michalak, Phillip  and
      Schubert, Lenhart",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1092",
    pages = "808--816",
}
@inproceedings{van-noord-2009-learning,
    title = "Learning Efficient Parsing",
    author = "van Noord, Gertjan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1093",
    pages = "817--825",
}
@inproceedings{vandekerckhove-etal-2009-robust,
    title = "A Robust and Extensible Exemplar-Based Model of Thematic Fit",
    author = "Vandekerckhove, Bram  and
      Sandra, Dominiek  and
      Daelemans, Walter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1094",
    pages = "826--834",
}
@inproceedings{veale-etal-2009-growing,
    title = "Growing Finely-Discriminating Taxonomies from Seeds of Varying Quality and Size",
    author = "Veale, Tony  and
      Li, Guofu  and
      Hao, Yanfen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1095",
    pages = "835--842",
}
@inproceedings{vu-etal-2009-feature,
    title = "Feature-Based Method for Document Alignment in Comparable News Corpora",
    author = "Vu, Thuy  and
      Aw, Ai Ti  and
      Zhang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1096",
    pages = "843--851",
}
@inproceedings{wan-etal-2009-improving,
    title = "Improving Grammaticality in Statistical Sentence Generation: Introducing a Dependency Spanning Tree Algorithm with an Argument Satisfaction Model",
    author = "Wan, Stephen  and
      Dras, Mark  and
      Dale, Robert  and
      Paris, C{\'e}cile",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1097",
    pages = "852--860",
}
@inproceedings{washtell-2009-co,
    title = "Co-Dispersion: A Windowless Approach to Lexical Association",
    author = "Washtell, Justin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1098",
    pages = "861--869",
}
@inproceedings{xia-etal-2009-language,
    title = "Language {ID} in the Context of Harvesting Language Data off the Web",
    author = "Xia, Fei  and
      Lewis, William  and
      Poon, Hoifung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1099",
    pages = "870--878",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-2009-character,
    title = "Character-Level Dependencies in {C}hinese: Usefulness and Learning",
    author = "Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {ACL} ({EACL} 2009)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-1100",
    pages = "879--887",
}
@proceedings{eacl-2009-demonstrations,
    title = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    author = {Kreutel, J{\"o}rn},
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2000",
}
@inproceedings{benotti-2009-frolog,
    title = "{F}rolog: an Accommodating Text-Adventure Game",
    author = "Benotti, Luciana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2001",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{bossard-etal-2009-cbseas,
    title = "{CBSEAS}, a Summarization System {--} Integration of Opinion Mining Techniques to Summarize Blogs",
    author = "Bossard, Aur{\'e}lien  and
      G{\'e}n{\'e}reux, Michel  and
      Poibeau, Thierry",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2002",
    pages = "5--8",
}
@inproceedings{bringert-etal-2009-grammatical,
    title = "Grammatical Framework Web Service",
    author = {Bringert, Bj{\"o}rn  and
      Angelov, Krasimir  and
      Ranta, Aarne},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2003",
    pages = "9--12",
}
@inproceedings{cheng-etal-2009-gossip,
    title = "Gossip Galore {--} A Self-Learning Agent for Exchanging Pop Trivia",
    author = "Cheng, Xiwen  and
      Adolphs, Peter  and
      Xu, Feiyu  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans  and
      Li, Hong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2004",
    pages = "13--16",
}
@inproceedings{galanis-etal-2009-open,
    title = "An Open-Source Natural Language Generator for {OWL} Ontologies and its Use in Protege and Second Life",
    author = "Galanis, Dimitrios  and
      Karakatsiotis, George  and
      Lampouras, Gerasimos  and
      Androutsopoulos, Ion",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2005",
    pages = "17--20",
}
@inproceedings{gleim-etal-2009-ehumanities,
    title = "e{H}umanities {D}esktop - An Online System for Corpus Management and Analysis in Support of Computing in the Humanities",
    author = {Gleim, R{\"u}diger  and
      Waltinger, Ulli  and
      Ernst, Alexandra  and
      Mehler, Alexander  and
      Feith, Tobias  and
      Esch, Dietmar},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2006",
    pages = "21--24",
}
@inproceedings{harbusch-etal-2009-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Clausal Coordinate Ellipsis in {E}stonian and {G}erman: Remarkably Similar Elision Rules Allow a Language-Independent Ellipsis-Generation Module",
    author = "Harbusch, Karin  and
      Koit, Mare  and
      {\~O}im, Haldur",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2007",
    pages = "25--28",
}
@inproceedings{hulden-2009-foma,
    title = "{F}oma: a Finite-State Compiler and Library",
    author = "Hulden, Mans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2008",
    pages = "29--32",
}
@inproceedings{koller-etal-2009-software,
    title = "The Software Architecture for the First Challenge on Generating Instructions in Virtual Environments",
    author = "Koller, Alexander  and
      Byron, Donna  and
      Cassell, Justine  and
      Dale, Robert  and
      Moore, Johanna  and
      Oberlander, Jon  and
      Striegnitz, Kristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2009",
    pages = "33--36",
}
@inproceedings{konstantopoulos-etal-2009-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Natural Language Interaction",
    author = "Konstantopoulos, Stasinos  and
      Tegos, Athanasios  and
      Bilidas, Dimitrios  and
      Androutsopoulos, Ion  and
      Lampouras, Gerasimos  and
      Matheson, Colin  and
      Deroo, Olivier  and
      Malakasiotis, Prodromos",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2010",
    pages = "37--40",
}
@inproceedings{lewis-xia-2009-parsing,
    title = "Parsing, Projecting {\&} Prototypes: Repurposing Linguistic Data on the Web",
    author = "Lewis, William  and
      Xia, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2011",
    pages = "41--44",
}
@inproceedings{michou-seretan-2009-tool,
    title = "A Tool for Multi-Word Expression Extraction in Modern {G}reek Using Syntactic Parsing",
    author = "Michou, Athina  and
      Seretan, Violeta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2012",
    pages = "45--48",
}
@inproceedings{miltsakaki-2009-matching,
    title = "Matching Readers{'} Preferences and Reading Skills with Appropriate Web Texts",
    author = "Miltsakaki, Eleni",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2013",
    pages = "49--52",
}
@inproceedings{pastra-balta-2009-text,
    title = "A Text-Based Search Interface for Multimedia Dialectics",
    author = "Pastra, Katerina  and
      Balta, Eirini",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2014",
    pages = "53--56",
}
@inproceedings{ranta-etal-2009-grammar,
    title = "Grammar Development in {GF}",
    author = {Ranta, Aarne  and
      Angelov, Krasimir  and
      Bringert, Bj{\"o}rn},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2015",
    pages = "57--60",
}
@inproceedings{sasaki-etal-2009-three,
    title = "Three {B}io{NLP} Tools Powered by a Biological Lexicon",
    author = "Sasaki, Yutaka  and
      Thompson, Paul  and
      McNaught, John  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2016",
    pages = "61--64",
}
@inproceedings{stahl-etal-2009-mobile,
    title = "A Mobile Health and Fitness Companion Demonstrator",
    author = {St{\aa}hl, Olov  and
      Gamb{\"a}ck, Bj{\"o}rn  and
      Turunen, Markku  and
      Hakulinen, Jaakko},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-2017",
    pages = "65--68",
}
@proceedings{eacl-2009-student,
    title = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    author = "Demberg, Vera  and
      Ma, Yanjun  and
      Reiter, Nils",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3000",
}
@inproceedings{aimetti-2009-modelling,
    title = "Modelling Early Language Acquisition Skills: Towards a General Statistical Learning Mechanism",
    author = "Aimetti, Guillaume",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3001",
    pages = "1--9",
}
@inproceedings{boonkwan-2009-memory,
    title = "A Memory-Based Approach to the Treatment of Serial Verb Construction in {C}ombinatory {C}ategorial {G}rammar",
    author = "Boonkwan, Prachya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3002",
    pages = "10--18",
}
@inproceedings{francois-2009-combining,
    title = "Combining a Statistical Language Model with Logistic Regression to Predict the Lexical and Syntactic Difficulty of Texts for {FFL}",
    author = "Fran{\c{c}}ois, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3003",
    pages = "19--27",
}
@inproceedings{herbelot-2009-finding,
    title = "Finding Word Substitutions Using a Distributional Similarity Baseline and Immediate Context Overlap",
    author = "Herbelot, Aurelie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3004",
    pages = "28--36",
}
@inproceedings{plank-2009-structural,
    title = "Structural Correspondence Learning for Parse Disambiguation",
    author = "Plank, Barbara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3005",
    pages = "37--45",
}
@inproceedings{recasens-2009-chain,
    title = "A Chain-starting Classifier of Definite {NP}s in {S}panish",
    author = "Recasens, Marta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3006",
    pages = "46--53",
}
@inproceedings{sidorova-2009-speech,
    title = "Speech Emotion Recognition With {TGI}+.2 Classifier",
    author = "Sidorova, Julia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3007",
    pages = "54--60",
}
@inproceedings{stymne-2009-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Merging Strategies for Translation of {G}erman Compounds",
    author = "Stymne, Sara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3008",
    pages = "61--69",
}
@inproceedings{tsatsaronis-panagiotopoulou-2009-generalized,
    title = "A Generalized Vector Space Model for Text Retrieval Based on Semantic Relatedness",
    author = "Tsatsaronis, George  and
      Panagiotopoulou, Vicky",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3009",
    pages = "70--78",
}
@inproceedings{wennerberg-2009-aligning,
    title = "Aligning Medical Domain Ontologies for Clinical Query Extraction",
    author = "Wennerberg, Pinar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3010",
    pages = "79--87",
}
@inproceedings{westerhout-2009-extraction,
    title = "Extraction of Definitions Using Grammar-Enhanced Machine Learning",
    author = "Westerhout, Eline",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at {EACL} 2009",
    month = apr,
    year = "2009",
    address = "Athens, Greece",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E09-3011",
    pages = "88--96",
}
@proceedings{acl-2006-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    author = "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and
      Cardie, Claire  and
      Isabelle, Pierre",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1000",
}
@inproceedings{sadat-habash-2006-combination,
    title = "Combination of {A}rabic Preprocessing Schemes for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Sadat, Fatiha  and
      Habash, Nizar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1001",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220176",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{ayan-dorr-2006-going,
    title = "Going Beyond {AER}: An Extensive Analysis of Word Alignments and Their Impact on {MT}",
    author = "Ayan, Necip Fazil  and
      Dorr, Bonnie J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1002",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220177",
    pages = "9--16",
}
@inproceedings{purver-etal-2006-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Topic Modelling for Multi-Party Spoken Discourse",
    author = {Purver, Matthew  and
      K{\"o}rding, Konrad P.  and
      Griffiths, Thomas L.  and
      Tenenbaum, Joshua B.},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1003",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220178",
    pages = "17--24",
}
@inproceedings{malioutov-barzilay-2006-minimum,
    title = "Minimum Cut Model for Spoken Lecture Segmentation",
    author = "Malioutov, Igor  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1004",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220179",
    pages = "25--32",
}
@inproceedings{bergsma-lin-2006-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping Path-Based Pronoun Resolution",
    author = "Bergsma, Shane  and
      Lin, Dekang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1005",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220180",
    pages = "33--40",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2006-kernel,
    title = "Kernel-Based Pronoun Resolution with Structured Syntactic Knowledge",
    author = "Yang, Xiaofeng  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1006",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220181",
    pages = "41--48",
}
@inproceedings{park-brew-2006-finite,
    title = "A Finite-State Model of Human Sentence Processing",
    author = "Park, Jihyun  and
      Brew, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1007",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220182",
    pages = "49--56",
}
@inproceedings{blache-etal-2006-acceptability,
    title = "Acceptability Prediction by Means of Grammaticality Quantification",
    author = "Blache, Philippe  and
      Hemforth, Barbara  and
      Rauzy, St{\'e}phane",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1008",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220183",
    pages = "57--64",
}
@inproceedings{blunsom-cohn-2006-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Word Alignment with Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Blunsom, Phil  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1009",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220184",
    pages = "65--72",
}
@inproceedings{sproat-etal-2006-named,
    title = "Named Entity Transliteration with Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Sproat, Richard  and
      Tao, Tao  and
      Zhai, ChengXiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1010",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220185",
    pages = "73--80",
}
@inproceedings{munteanu-marcu-2006-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Parallel Sub-Sentential Fragments from Non-Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Munteanu, Dragos Stefan  and
      Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1011",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220186",
    pages = "81--88",
}
@inproceedings{chan-ng-2006-estimating,
    title = "Estimating Class Priors in Domain Adaptation for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Chan, Yee Seng  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1012",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220187",
    pages = "89--96",
}
@inproceedings{brody-etal-2006-ensemble,
    title = "Ensemble Methods for Unsupervised {WSD}",
    author = "Brody, Samuel  and
      Navigli, Roberto  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1013",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220188",
    pages = "97--104",
}
@inproceedings{navigli-2006-meaningful,
    title = "Meaningful Clustering of Senses Helps Boost Word Sense Disambiguation Performance",
    author = "Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1014",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220189",
    pages = "105--112",
}
@inproceedings{pantel-pennacchiotti-2006-espresso,
    title = "{E}spresso: Leveraging Generic Patterns for Automatically Harvesting Semantic Relations",
    author = "Pantel, Patrick  and
      Pennacchiotti, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1015",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220190",
    pages = "113--120",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2006-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Commonality among Related Classes in Relation Extraction",
    author = "Zhou, GuoDong  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Zhang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1016",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220191",
    pages = "121--128",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2006-relation,
    title = "Relation Extraction Using Label Propagation Based Semi-Supervised Learning",
    author = "Chen, Jinxiu  and
      Ji, Donghong  and
      Tan, Chew Lim  and
      Niu, Zhengyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1017",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220192",
    pages = "129--136",
}
@inproceedings{kahane-2006-polarized,
    title = "Polarized Unification Grammars",
    author = "Kahane, Sylvain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1018",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220193",
    pages = "137--144",
}
@inproceedings{cohen-sygal-wintner-2006-partially,
    title = "Partially Specified Signatures: A Vehicle for Grammar Modularity",
    author = "Cohen-Sygal, Yael  and
      Wintner, Shuly",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1019",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220194",
    pages = "145--152",
}
@inproceedings{cetinoglu-oflazer-2006-morphology,
    title = "Morphology-Syntax Interface for {T}urkish {LFG}",
    author = {{\c{C}}etino{\u{g}}lu, {\"O}zlem  and
      Oflazer, Kemal},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1020",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220195",
    pages = "153--160",
}
@inproceedings{hale-etal-2006-pcfgs,
    title = "{PCFG}s with Syntactic and Prosodic Indicators of Speech Repairs",
    author = "Hale, John  and
      Shafran, Izhak  and
      Yung, Lisa  and
      Dorr, Bonnie J.  and
      Harper, Mary  and
      Krasnyanskaya, Anna  and
      Lease, Matthew  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Roark, Brian  and
      Snover, Matthew  and
      Stewart, Robin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1021",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220196",
    pages = "161--168",
}
@inproceedings{ohno-etal-2006-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Parsing of {J}apanese Spoken Monologue Based on Clause Boundaries",
    author = "Ohno, Tomohiro  and
      Matsubara, Shigeki  and
      Kashioka, Hideki  and
      Maruyama, Takehiko  and
      Inagaki, Yasuyoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1022",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220197",
    pages = "169--176",
}
@inproceedings{schmid-2006-trace,
    title = "Trace Prediction and Recovery with Unlexicalized {PCFG}s and Slash Features",
    author = "Schmid, Helmut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1023",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220198",
    pages = "177--184",
}
@inproceedings{frampton-lemon-2006-learning,
    title = "Learning More Effective Dialogue Strategies Using Limited Dialogue Move Features",
    author = "Frampton, Matthew  and
      Lemon, Oliver",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1024",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220199",
    pages = "185--192",
}
@inproceedings{rotaru-litman-2006-dependencies,
    title = "Dependencies between Student State and Speech Recognition Problems in Spoken Tutoring Dialogues",
    author = "Rotaru, Mihai  and
      Litman, Diane J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1025",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220200",
    pages = "193--200",
}
@inproceedings{bangalore-etal-2006-learning,
    title = "Learning the Structure of Task-Driven Human-Human Dialogs",
    author = "Bangalore, Srinivas  and
      Di Fabbrizio, Giuseppe  and
      Stent, Amanda",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1026",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220201",
    pages = "201--208",
}
@inproceedings{jiao-etal-2006-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Conditional Random Fields for Improved Sequence Segmentation and Labeling",
    author = "Jiao, Feng  and
      Wang, Shaojun  and
      Lee, Chi-Hoon  and
      Greiner, Russell  and
      Schuurmans, Dale",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1027",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220202",
    pages = "209--216",
}
@inproceedings{suzuki-etal-2006-training,
    title = "Training Conditional Random Fields with Multivariate Evaluation Measures",
    author = "Suzuki, Jun  and
      McDermott, Erik  and
      Isozaki, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1028",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220203",
    pages = "217--224",
}
@inproceedings{gao-etal-2006-approximation,
    title = "Approximation Lasso Methods for Language Modeling",
    author = "Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Suzuki, Hisami  and
      Yu, Bin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1029",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220204",
    pages = "225--232",
}
@inproceedings{ishioka-kameda-2006-automated,
    title = "Automated {J}apanese Essay Scoring System based on Articles Written by Experts",
    author = "Ishioka, Tsunenori  and
      Kameda, Masayuki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1030",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220205",
    pages = "233--240",
}
@inproceedings{nagata-etal-2006-feedback,
    title = "A Feedback-Augmented Method for Detecting Errors in the Writing of Learners of {E}nglish",
    author = "Nagata, Ryo  and
      Kawai, Atsuo  and
      Morihiro, Koichiro  and
      Isu, Naoki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1031",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220206",
    pages = "241--248",
}
@inproceedings{brockett-etal-2006-correcting,
    title = "Correcting {ESL} Errors Using Phrasal {SMT} Techniques",
    author = "Brockett, Chris  and
      Dolan, William B.  and
      Gamon, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1032",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220207",
    pages = "249--256",
}
@inproceedings{nilsson-etal-2006-graph,
    title = "Graph Transformations in Data-Driven Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Nilsson, Jens  and
      Nivre, Joakim  and
      Hall, Johan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1033",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220208",
    pages = "257--264",
}
@inproceedings{higashinaka-etal-2006-learning,
    title = "Learning to Generate Naturalistic Utterances Using Reviews in Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Higashinaka, Ryuichiro  and
      Prasad, Rashmi  and
      Walker, Marilyn A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1034",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220209",
    pages = "265--272",
}
@inproceedings{ellison-kirby-2006-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Language Divergence by Intra-Lexical Comparison",
    author = "Ellison, T. Mark  and
      Kirby, Simon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1035",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220210",
    pages = "273--280",
}
@inproceedings{ferret-zock-2006-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing Electronic Dictionaries with an Index Based on Associations",
    author = "Ferret, Olivier  and
      Zock, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1036",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220211",
    pages = "281--288",
}
@inproceedings{foth-etal-2006-guiding,
    title = "Guiding a Constraint Dependency Parser with Supertags",
    author = "Foth, Kilian A.  and
      By, Tomas  and
      Menzel, Wolfgang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1037",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220212",
    pages = "289--296",
}
@inproceedings{davidov-rappoport-2006-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Unsupervised Discovery of Word Categories Using Symmetric Patterns and High Frequency Words",
    author = "Davidov, Dmitry  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1038",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220213",
    pages = "297--304",
}
@inproceedings{daume-iii-marcu-2006-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Query-Focused Summarization",
    author = "Daum{\'e} III, Hal  and
      Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1039",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220214",
    pages = "305--312",
}
@inproceedings{turney-2006-expressing,
    title = "Expressing Implicit Semantic Relations without Supervision",
    author = "Turney, Peter D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1040",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220215",
    pages = "313--320",
}
@inproceedings{foth-menzel-2006-hybrid,
    title = "Hybrid Parsing: Using Probabilistic Models as Predictors for a Symbolic Parser",
    author = "Foth, Kilian A.  and
      Menzel, Wolfgang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1041",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220216",
    pages = "321--328",
}
@inproceedings{sagot-de-la-clergerie-2006-error,
    title = "Error Mining in Parsing Results",
    author = "Sagot, Beno{\^\i}t  and
      de la Clergerie, {\'E}ric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1042",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220217",
    pages = "329--336",
}
@inproceedings{mcclosky-etal-2006-reranking,
    title = "Reranking and Self-Training for Parser Adaptation",
    author = "McClosky, David  and
      Charniak, Eugene  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1043",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220218",
    pages = "337--344",
}
@inproceedings{korhonen-etal-2006-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Classification of Verbs in Biomedical Texts",
    author = "Korhonen, Anna  and
      Krymolowski, Yuval  and
      Collier, Nigel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1044",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220219",
    pages = "345--352",
}
@inproceedings{hagiwara-etal-2006-selection,
    title = "Selection of Effective Contextual Information for Automatic Synonym Acquisition",
    author = "Hagiwara, Masato  and
      Ogawa, Yasuhiro  and
      Toyama, Katsuhiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1045",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220220",
    pages = "353--360",
}
@inproceedings{gorman-curran-2006-scaling,
    title = "Scaling Distributional Similarity to Large Corpora",
    author = "Gorman, James  and
      Curran, James R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1046",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220221",
    pages = "361--368",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2006-extractive,
    title = "Extractive Summarization using Inter- and Intra- Event Relevance",
    author = "Li, Wenjie  and
      Wu, Mingli  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Xu, Wei  and
      Yuan, Chunfa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
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    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1047",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220222",
    pages = "369--376",
}
@inproceedings{clarke-lapata-2006-models,
    title = "Models for Sentence Compression: A Comparison across Domains, Training Requirements and Evaluation Measures",
    author = "Clarke, James  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1048",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220223",
    pages = "377--384",
}
@inproceedings{bollegala-etal-2006-bottom,
    title = "A Bottom-Up Approach to Sentence Ordering for Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Bollegala, Danushka  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Ishizuka, Mitsuru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1049",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220224",
    pages = "385--392",
}
@inproceedings{pan-etal-2006-learning,
    title = "Learning Event Durations from Event Descriptions",
    author = "Pan, Feng  and
      Mulkar, Rutu  and
      Hobbs, Jerry R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1050",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220225",
    pages = "393--400",
}
@inproceedings{zanzotto-moschitti-2006-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Learning of Textual Entailments with Cross-Pair Similarities",
    author = "Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1051",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220226",
    pages = "401--408",
}
@inproceedings{koller-thater-2006-improved,
    title = "An Improved Redundancy Elimination Algorithm for Underspecified Representations",
    author = "Koller, Alexander  and
      Thater, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1052",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220227",
    pages = "409--416",
}
@inproceedings{dubey-etal-2006-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Syntactic Priming into an Incremental Probabilistic Parser, with an Application to Psycholinguistic Modeling",
    author = "Dubey, Amit  and
      Keller, Frank  and
      Sturt, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1053",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220228",
    pages = "417--424",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2006-fast,
    title = "A Fast, Accurate Deterministic Parser for {C}hinese",
    author = "Wang, Mengqiu  and
      Sagae, Kenji  and
      Mitamura, Teruko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1054",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220229",
    pages = "425--432",
}
@inproceedings{petrov-etal-2006-learning,
    title = "Learning Accurate, Compact, and Interpretable Tree Annotation",
    author = "Petrov, Slav  and
      Barrett, Leon  and
      Thibaux, Romain  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1055",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220230",
    pages = "433--440",
}
@inproceedings{frunza-inkpen-2006-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Learning of Partial Cognates Using Bilingual Bootstrapping",
    author = "Frunza, Oana  and
      Inkpen, Diana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1056",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220231",
    pages = "441--448",
}
@inproceedings{dagan-etal-2006-direct,
    title = "Direct Word Sense Matching for Lexical Substitution",
    author = "Dagan, Ido  and
      Glickman, Oren  and
      Gliozzo, Alfio  and
      Marmorshtein, Efrat  and
      Strapparava, Carlo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1057",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220232",
    pages = "449--456",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2006-equivalent,
    title = "An Equivalent Pseudoword Solution to {C}hinese Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Lu, Zhimao  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Yao, Jianmin  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1058",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220233",
    pages = "457--464",
}
@inproceedings{okanohara-etal-2006-improving,
    title = "Improving the Scalability of Semi-{M}arkov Conditional Random Fields for Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Okanohara, Daisuke  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1059",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220234",
    pages = "465--472",
}
@inproceedings{florian-etal-2006-factorizing,
    title = "Factorizing Complex Models: A Case Study in Mention Detection",
    author = "Florian, Radu  and
      Jing, Hongyan  and
      Kambhatla, Nanda  and
      Zitouni, Imed",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1060",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220235",
    pages = "473--480",
}
@inproceedings{gu-cercone-2006-segment,
    title = "Segment-Based Hidden {M}arkov Models for Information Extraction",
    author = "Gu, Zhenmei  and
      Cercone, Nick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1061",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220236",
    pages = "481--488",
}
@inproceedings{shi-etal-2006-dom,
    title = "A {DOM} Tree Alignment Model for Mining Parallel Data from the Web",
    author = "Shi, Lei  and
      Niu, Cheng  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Gao, Jianfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1062",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220237",
    pages = "489--496",
}
@inproceedings{judge-etal-2006-questionbank,
    title = "{Q}uestion{B}ank: Creating a Corpus of Parse-Annotated Questions",
    author = "Judge, John  and
      Cahill, Aoife  and
      van Genabith, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1063",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220238",
    pages = "497--504",
}
@inproceedings{hockenmaier-2006-creating,
    title = "Creating a {CCG}bank and a Wide-Coverage {CCG} Lexicon for {G}erman",
    author = "Hockenmaier, Julia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1064",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220239",
    pages = "505--512",
}
@inproceedings{moore-etal-2006-improved,
    title = "Improved Discriminative Bilingual Word Alignment",
    author = "Moore, Robert C.  and
      Yih, Wen-tau  and
      Bode, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1065",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220240",
    pages = "513--520",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-etal-2006-maximum,
    title = "Maximum Entropy Based Phrase Reordering Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Xiong, Deyi  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Lin, Shouxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1066",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220241",
    pages = "521--528",
}
@inproceedings{al-onaizan-papineni-2006-distortion,
    title = "Distortion Models for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Al-Onaizan, Yaser  and
      Papineni, Kishore",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1067",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220242",
    pages = "529--536",
}
@inproceedings{hulth-megyesi-2006-study,
    title = "A Study on Automatically Extracted Keywords in Text Categorization",
    author = "Hulth, Anette  and
      Megyesi, Be{\'a}ta B.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1068",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220243",
    pages = "537--544",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2006-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison and Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Words and Character-Bigrams as Features in {C}hinese Text Categorization",
    author = "Li, Jingyang  and
      Sun, Maosong  and
      Zhang, Xian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1069",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220244",
    pages = "545--552",
}
@inproceedings{gliozzo-strapparava-2006-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Comparable Corpora and Bilingual Dictionaries for Cross-Language Text Categorization",
    author = "Gliozzo, Alfio  and
      Strapparava, Carlo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1070",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220245",
    pages = "553--560",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2006-progressive,
    title = "A Progressive Feature Selection Algorithm for Ultra Large Feature Spaces",
    author = "Zhang, Qi  and
      Weng, Fuliang  and
      Feng, Zhe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1071",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220246",
    pages = "561--568",
}
@inproceedings{smith-eisner-2006-annealing,
    title = "Annealing Structural Bias in Multilingual Weighted Grammar Induction",
    author = "Smith, Noah A.  and
      Eisner, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1072",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220247",
    pages = "569--576",
}
@inproceedings{zitouni-etal-2006-maximum,
    title = "Maximum Entropy Based Restoration of {A}rabic Diacritics",
    author = "Zitouni, Imed  and
      Sorensen, Jeffrey S.  and
      Sarikaya, Ruhi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1073",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220248",
    pages = "577--584",
}
@inproceedings{lv-etal-2006-iterative,
    title = "An Iterative Implicit Feedback Approach to Personalized Search",
    author = "Lv, Yuanhua  and
      Sun, Le  and
      Zhang, Junlin  and
      Nie, Jian-Yun  and
      Chen, Wan  and
      Zhang, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1074",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220249",
    pages = "585--592",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-wang-2006-effect,
    title = "The Effect of Translation Quality in {MT}-Based Cross-Language Information Retrieval",
    author = "Zhu, Jiang  and
      Wang, Haifeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1075",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220250",
    pages = "593--600",
}
@inproceedings{blake-2006-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Document, Sentence, and Term Event Spaces",
    author = "Blake, Catherine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1076",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220251",
    pages = "601--608",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2006-tree,
    title = "Tree-to-String Alignment Template for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Liu, Yang  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Lin, Shouxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1077",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220252",
    pages = "609--616",
}
@inproceedings{sudoh-etal-2006-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating Speech Recognition Confidence into Discriminative Named Entity Recognition of Speech Data",
    author = "Sudoh, Katsuhito  and
      Tsukada, Hajime  and
      Isozaki, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1078",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220253",
    pages = "617--624",
}
@inproceedings{iida-etal-2006-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Syntactic Patterns as Clues in Zero-Anaphora Resolution",
    author = "Iida, Ryu  and
      Inui, Kentaro  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1079",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220254",
    pages = "625--632",
}
@inproceedings{park-etal-2006-self,
    title = "Self-Organizing n-gram Model for Automatic Word Spacing",
    author = "Park, Seong-Bae  and
      Tae, Yoon-Shik  and
      Park, Se-Young",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1080",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220255",
    pages = "633--640",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2006-concept,
    title = "Concept Unification of Terms in Different Languages for {IR}",
    author = "Li, Qing  and
      Myaeng, Sung-Hyon  and
      Jin, Yun  and
      Kang, Bo-yeong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1081",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220256",
    pages = "641--648",
}
@inproceedings{chatterjee-agrawal-2006-word,
    title = "Word Alignment in {E}nglish-{H}indi Parallel Corpus Using Recency-Vector Approach: Some Studies",
    author = "Chatterjee, Niladri  and
      Agrawal, Saumya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1082",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220257",
    pages = "649--656",
}
@inproceedings{khaltar-etal-2006-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Loanwords from {M}ongolian Corpora and Producing a {J}apanese-{M}ongolian Bilingual Dictionary",
    author = "Khaltar, Badam-Osor  and
      Fujii, Atsushi  and
      Ishikawa, Tetsuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1083",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220258",
    pages = "657--664",
}
@inproceedings{adler-elhadad-2006-unsupervised,
    title = "An Unsupervised Morpheme-Based {HMM} for {H}ebrew Morphological Disambiguation",
    author = "Adler, Meni  and
      Elhadad, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1084",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220259",
    pages = "665--672",
}
@inproceedings{goldwater-etal-2006-contextual,
    title = "Contextual Dependencies in Unsupervised Word Segmentation",
    author = "Goldwater, Sharon  and
      Griffiths, Thomas L.  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1085",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220260",
    pages = "673--680",
}
@inproceedings{habash-rambow-2006-magead,
    title = "{MAGEAD}: A Morphological Analyzer and Generator for the {A}rabic Dialects",
    author = "Habash, Nizar  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1086",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220261",
    pages = "681--688",
}
@inproceedings{goldberg-etal-2006-noun,
    title = "Noun Phrase Chunking in {H}ebrew: Influence of Lexical and Morphological Features",
    author = "Goldberg, Yoav  and
      Adler, Meni  and
      Elhadad, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1087",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220262",
    pages = "689--696",
}
@inproceedings{curran-etal-2006-multi,
    title = "Multi-Tagging for Lexicalized-Grammar Parsing",
    author = "Curran, James R.  and
      Clark, Stephen  and
      Vadas, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1088",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220263",
    pages = "697--704",
}
@inproceedings{nakagawa-matsumoto-2006-guessing,
    title = "Guessing Parts-of-Speech of Unknown Words Using Global Information",
    author = "Nakagawa, Tetsuji  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1089",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220264",
    pages = "705--712",
}
@inproceedings{nagata-etal-2006-clustered,
    title = "A Clustered Global Phrase Reordering Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Nagata, Masaaki  and
      Saito, Kuniko  and
      Yamamoto, Kazuhide  and
      Ohashi, Kazuteru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1090",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220265",
    pages = "713--720",
}
@inproceedings{tillmann-zhang-2006-discriminative,
    title = "A Discriminative Global Training Algorithm for Statistical {MT}",
    author = "Tillmann, Christoph  and
      Zhang, Tong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1091",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220266",
    pages = "721--728",
}
@inproceedings{mori-etal-2006-phoneme,
    title = "Phoneme-to-Text Transcription System with an Infinite Vocabulary",
    author = "Mori, Shinsuke  and
      Takuma, Daisuke  and
      Kurata, Gakuto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1092",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220267",
    pages = "729--736",
}
@inproceedings{roy-subramaniam-2006-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Generation of Domain Models for Call-Centers from Noisy Transcriptions",
    author = "Roy, Shourya  and
      Subramaniam, L Venkata",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1093",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220268",
    pages = "737--744",
}
@inproceedings{kelleher-etal-2006-proximity,
    title = "Proximity in Context: An Empirically Grounded Computational Model of Proximity for Processing Topological Spatial Expressions",
    author = "Kelleher, John D.  and
      Kruijff, Geert-Jan M.  and
      Costello, Fintan J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1094",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220269",
    pages = "745--752",
}
@inproceedings{mani-etal-2006-machine,
    title = "Machine Learning of Temporal Relations",
    author = "Mani, Inderjeet  and
      Verhagen, Marc  and
      Wellner, Ben  and
      Lee, Chong Min  and
      Pustejovsky, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1095",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220270",
    pages = "753--760",
}
@inproceedings{liang-etal-2006-end,
    title = "An End-to-End Discriminative Approach to Machine Translation",
    author = "Liang, Percy  and
      Bouchard-C{\^o}t{\'e}, Alexandre  and
      Klein, Dan  and
      Taskar, Ben",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1096",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220271",
    pages = "761--768",
}
@inproceedings{fraser-marcu-2006-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Training for Statistical Word Alignment",
    author = "Fraser, Alexander  and
      Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1097",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220272",
    pages = "769--776",
}
@inproceedings{watanabe-etal-2006-left,
    title = "Left-to-Right Target Generation for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation",
    author = "Watanabe, Taro  and
      Tsukada, Hajime  and
      Isozaki, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1098",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220273",
    pages = "777--784",
}
@inproceedings{wermter-hahn-2006-cant,
    title = "You Can{'}t Beat Frequency (Unless You Use Linguistic Knowledge) {--} A Qualitative Evaluation of Association Measures for Collocation and Term Extraction",
    author = "Wermter, Joachim  and
      Hahn, Udo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1099",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220274",
    pages = "785--792",
}
@inproceedings{pennacchiotti-pantel-2006-ontologizing,
    title = "Ontologizing Semantic Relations",
    author = "Pennacchiotti, Marco  and
      Pantel, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1100",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220275",
    pages = "793--800",
}
@inproceedings{snow-etal-2006-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Taxonomy Induction from Heterogenous Evidence",
    author = "Snow, Rion  and
      Jurafsky, Daniel  and
      Ng, Andrew Y.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1101",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220276",
    pages = "801--808",
}
@inproceedings{pasca-etal-2006-names,
    title = "Names and Similarities on the Web: Fact Extraction in the Fast Lane",
    author = "Pa{\c{s}}ca, Marius  and
      Lin, Dekang  and
      Bigham, Jeffrey  and
      Lifchits, Andrei  and
      Jain, Alpa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1102",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220277",
    pages = "809--816",
}
@inproceedings{klementiev-roth-2006-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised Named Entity Transliteration and Discovery from Multilingual Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Klementiev, Alexandre  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1103",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220278",
    pages = "817--824",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2006-composite,
    title = "A Composite Kernel to Extract Relations between Entities with Both Flat and Structured Features",
    author = "Zhang, Min  and
      Zhang, Jie  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Zhou, GuoDong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1104",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220279",
    pages = "825--832",
}
@inproceedings{abekawa-okumura-2006-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese Dependency Parsing Using Co-Occurrence Information and a Combination of Case Elements",
    author = "Abekawa, Takeshi  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1105",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220280",
    pages = "833--840",
}
@inproceedings{demner-fushman-lin-2006-answer,
    title = "Answer Extraction, Semantic Clustering, and Extractive Summarization for Clinical Question Answering",
    author = "Demner-Fushman, Dina  and
      Lin, Jimmy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1106",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220281",
    pages = "841--848",
}
@inproceedings{zanzotto-etal-2006-discovering,
    title = "Discovering Asymmetric Entailment Relations between Verbs Using Selectional Preferences",
    author = "Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo  and
      Pennacchiotti, Marco  and
      Pazienza, Maria Teresa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1107",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220282",
    pages = "849--856",
}
@inproceedings{halpin-moore-2006-event,
    title = "Event Extraction in a Plot Advice Agent",
    author = "Halpin, Harry  and
      Moore, Johanna D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1108",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220283",
    pages = "857--864",
}
@inproceedings{bod-2006-subtrees,
    title = "An All-Subtrees Approach to Unsupervised Parsing",
    author = "Bod, Rens",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1109",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220284",
    pages = "865--872",
}
@inproceedings{turian-melamed-2006-advances,
    title = "Advances in Discriminative Parsing",
    author = "Turian, Joseph  and
      Melamed, I. Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1110",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220285",
    pages = "873--880",
}
@inproceedings{haghighi-klein-2006-prototype,
    title = "Prototype-Driven Grammar Induction",
    author = "Haghighi, Aria  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1111",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220286",
    pages = "881--888",
}
@inproceedings{shen-klakow-2006-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Correlation of Dependency Relation Paths for Answer Extraction",
    author = "Shen, Dan  and
      Klakow, Dietrich",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1112",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220287",
    pages = "889--896",
}
@inproceedings{novischi-moldovan-2006-question,
    title = "Question Answering with Lexical Chains Propagating Verb Arguments",
    author = "Novischi, Adrian  and
      Moldovan, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1113",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220288",
    pages = "897--904",
}
@inproceedings{harabagiu-hickl-2006-methods,
    title = "Methods for Using Textual Entailment in Open-Domain Question Answering",
    author = "Harabagiu, Sanda  and
      Hickl, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1114",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220289",
    pages = "905--912",
}
@inproceedings{kate-mooney-2006-using,
    title = "Using String-Kernels for Learning Semantic Parsers",
    author = "Kate, Rohit J.  and
      Mooney, Raymond J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1115",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220290",
    pages = "913--920",
}
@inproceedings{abdalla-teufel-2006-bootstrapping,
    title = "A Bootstrapping Approach to Unsupervised Detection of Cue Phrase Variants",
    author = "Abdalla, Rashid M.  and
      Teufel, Simone",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1116",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220291",
    pages = "921--928",
}
@inproceedings{giuglea-moschitti-2006-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Role Labeling via {F}rame{N}et, {V}erb{N}et and {P}rop{B}ank",
    author = "Giuglea, Ana-Maria  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1117",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220292",
    pages = "929--936",
}
@inproceedings{serasset-etal-2006-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Legal Terminology on the Jibiki Platform: The {L}ex{ALP} Project",
    author = "S{\'e}rasset, Gilles  and
      Brunet-Manquat, Francis  and
      Chiocchetti, Elena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1118",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220293",
    pages = "937--944",
}
@inproceedings{murray-etal-2006-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Reusability: Cost-Effective Lexical Acquisition for Large-Scale Ontology Translation",
    author = "Murray, G. Craig  and
      Dorr, Bonnie J.  and
      Lin, Jimmy  and
      Haji{\v{c}}, Jan  and
      Pecina, Pavel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1119",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220294",
    pages = "945--952",
}
@inproceedings{seretan-wehrli-2006-accurate,
    title = "Accurate Collocation Extraction Using a Multilingual Parser",
    author = "Seretan, Violeta  and
      Wehrli, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1120",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220295",
    pages = "953--960",
}
@inproceedings{galley-etal-2006-scalable,
    title = "Scalable Inference and Training of Context-Rich Syntactic Translation Models",
    author = "Galley, Michel  and
      Graehl, Jonathan  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Marcu, Daniel  and
      DeNeefe, Steve  and
      Wang, Wei  and
      Thayer, Ignacio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1121",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220296",
    pages = "961--968",
}
@inproceedings{talbot-osborne-2006-modelling,
    title = "Modelling Lexical Redundancy for Machine Translation",
    author = "Talbot, David  and
      Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1122",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220297",
    pages = "969--976",
}
@inproceedings{wellington-etal-2006-empirical,
    title = "Empirical Lower Bounds on the Complexity of Translational Equivalence",
    author = "Wellington, Benjamin  and
      Waxmonsky, Sonjia  and
      Melamed, I. Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1123",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220298",
    pages = "977--984",
}
@inproceedings{teh-2006-hierarchical,
    title = "A Hierarchical {B}ayesian Language Model Based On Pitman-Yor Processes",
    author = "Teh, Yee Whye",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1124",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220299",
    pages = "985--992",
}
@inproceedings{xia-etal-2006-phonetic,
    title = "A Phonetic-Based Approach to {C}hinese Chat Text Normalization",
    author = "Xia, Yunqing  and
      Wong, Kam-Fai  and
      Li, Wenjie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1125",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220300",
    pages = "993--1000",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2006-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Pruning of Language Models for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Li, Jianfeng  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Ren, Dengjun  and
      Li, Guohua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1126",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220301",
    pages = "1001--1008",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2006-novel,
    title = "Novel Association Measures Using Web Search with Double Checking",
    author = "Chen, Hsin-Hsi  and
      Lin, Ming-Shun  and
      Wei, Yu-Chuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1127",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220302",
    pages = "1009--1016",
}
@inproceedings{miyao-etal-2006-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Retrieval for the Accurate Identification of Relational Concepts in Massive Textbases",
    author = "Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Ohta, Tomoko  and
      Masuda, Katsuya  and
      Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa  and
      Yoshida, Kazuhiro  and
      Ninomiya, Takashi  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1128",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220303",
    pages = "1017--1024",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2006-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Distributional Similarity Based Models for Query Spelling Correction",
    author = "Li, Mu  and
      Zhu, Muhua  and
      Zhang, Yang  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1129",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220304",
    pages = "1025--1032",
}
@inproceedings{cahill-van-genabith-2006-robust,
    title = "Robust {PCFG}-Based Generation Using Automatically Acquired {LFG} Approximations",
    author = "Cahill, Aoife  and
      van Genabith, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1130",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220305",
    pages = "1033--1040",
}
@inproceedings{kelleher-kruijff-2006-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Generation of Spatial Referring Expressions in Situated Dialog",
    author = "Kelleher, John D.  and
      Kruijff, Geert-Jan M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1131",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220306",
    pages = "1041--1048",
}
@inproceedings{suzuki-toutanova-2006-learning,
    title = "Learning to Predict Case Markers in {J}apanese",
    author = "Suzuki, Hisami  and
      Toutanova, Kristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1132",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220307",
    pages = "1049--1056",
}
@inproceedings{lin-hauptmann-2006-documents,
    title = "Are These Documents Written from Different Perspectives? A Test of Different Perspectives Based on Statistical Distribution Divergence",
    author = "Lin, Wei-Hao  and
      Hauptmann, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1133",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220308",
    pages = "1057--1064",
}
@inproceedings{wiebe-mihalcea-2006-word,
    title = "Word Sense and Subjectivity",
    author = "Wiebe, Janyce  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1134",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220309",
    pages = "1065--1072",
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@inproceedings{prager-etal-2006-improving,
    title = "Improving {QA} Accuracy by Question Inversion",
    author = "Prager, John  and
      Duboue, Pablo  and
      Chu-Carroll, Jennifer",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1135",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220310",
    pages = "1073--1080",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2006-reranking,
    title = "Reranking Answers for Definitional {QA} Using Language Modeling",
    author = "Chen, Yi  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Wang, Shilong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1136",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220311",
    pages = "1081--1088",
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@inproceedings{feinstein-wintner-2006-highly,
    title = "Highly Constrained Unification Grammars",
    author = "Feinstein, Daniel  and
      Wintner, Shuly",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1137",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220312",
    pages = "1089--1096",
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@inproceedings{gerdes-kahane-2006-polynomial,
    title = "A Polynomial Parsing Algorithm for the Topological Model: Synchronizing Constituent and Dependency Grammars, Illustrated by {G}erman Word Order Phenomena",
    author = "Gerdes, Kim  and
      Kahane, Sylvain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1138",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220313",
    pages = "1097--1104",
}
@inproceedings{soricut-marcu-2006-stochastic,
    title = "Stochastic Language Generation Using {WIDL}-Expressions and its Application in Machine Translation and Summarization",
    author = "Soricut, Radu  and
      Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1139",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220314",
    pages = "1105--1112",
}
@inproceedings{nakatsu-white-2006-learning,
    title = "Learning to Say It Well: Reranking Realizations by Predicted Synthesis Quality",
    author = "Nakatsu, Crystal  and
      White, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1140",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220315",
    pages = "1113--1120",
}
@inproceedings{krishnan-manning-2006-effective,
    title = "An Effective Two-Stage Model for Exploiting Non-Local Dependencies in Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Krishnan, Vijay  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1141",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220316",
    pages = "1121--1128",
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@inproceedings{kuo-etal-2006-learning,
    title = "Learning Transliteration Lexicons from the Web",
    author = "Kuo, Jin-Shea  and
      Li, Haizhou  and
      Yang, Ying-Kuei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1142",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220317",
    pages = "1129--1136",
}
@inproceedings{malik-2006-punjabi,
    title = "{P}unjabi Machine Transliteration",
    author = "Malik, M.G. Abbas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1143",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220318",
    pages = "1137--1144",
}
@inproceedings{montalvo-etal-2006-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Document Clustering: An Heuristic Approach Based on Cognate Named Entities",
    author = "Montalvo, Soto  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez, Raquel  and
      Casillas, Arantza  and
      Fresno, V{\'\i}ctor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1144",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220319",
    pages = "1145--1152",
}
@inproceedings{noro-etal-2006-time,
    title = "Time Period Identification of Events in Text",
    author = "Noro, Taichi  and
      Inui, Takashi  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1145",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220320",
    pages = "1153--1160",
}
@inproceedings{pado-lapata-2006-optimal,
    title = "Optimal Constituent Alignment with Edge Covers for Semantic Projection",
    author = "Pad{\'o}, Sebastian  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1146",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220321",
    pages = "1161--1168",
}
@inproceedings{wu-strzalkowski-2006-utilizing,
    title = "Utilizing Co-Occurrence of Answers in Question Answering",
    author = "Wu, Min  and
      Strzalkowski, Tomek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1147",
    doi = "10.3115/1220175.1220322",
    pages = "1169--1176",
}
@proceedings{acl-2006-coling,
    title = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2000",
}
@inproceedings{alegria-etal-2006-using,
    title = "Using Machine Learning Techniques to Build a Comma Checker for Basque",
    author = "Alegria, I{\~n}aki  and
      Arrieta, Bertol  and
      Diaz de Ilarraza, Arantza  and
      Izagirre, Eli  and
      Maritxalar, Montse",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2001",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{alfonseca-etal-2006-rote,
    title = "A Rote Extractor with Edit Distance-Based Generalisation and Multi-Corpora Precision Calculation",
    author = "Alfonseca, Enrique  and
      Castells, Pablo  and
      Okumura, Manabu  and
      Ruiz-Casado, Maria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2002",
    pages = "9--16",
}
@inproceedings{amigo-etal-2006-mt,
    title = "{MT} Evaluation: Human-Like vs. Human Acceptable",
    author = "Amig{\'o}, Enrique  and
      Gim{\'e}nez, Jes{\'u}s  and
      Gonzalo, Julio  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2003",
    pages = "17--24",
}
@inproceedings{atterer-schutze-2006-effect,
    title = "The Effect of Corpus Size in Combining Supervised and Unsupervised Training for Disambiguation",
    author = {Atterer, Michaela  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2004",
    pages = "25--32",
}
@inproceedings{aw-etal-2006-phrase,
    title = "A Phrase-Based Statistical Model for {SMS} Text Normalization",
    author = "Aw, AiTi  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Xiao, Juan  and
      Su, Jian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2005",
    pages = "33--40",
}
@inproceedings{briscoe-carroll-2006-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating the Accuracy of an Unlexicalized Statistical Parser on the {PARC} {D}ep{B}ank",
    author = "Briscoe, Ted  and
      Carroll, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2006",
    pages = "41--48",
}
@inproceedings{carterette-etal-2006-n,
    title = "N Semantic Classes are Harder than Two",
    author = "Carterette, Ben  and
      Jones, Rosie  and
      Greiner, Wiley  and
      Barr, Cory",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2007",
    pages = "49--56",
}
@inproceedings{chai-etal-2006-towards,
    title = "Towards Conversational {QA}: Automatic Identification of Problematic Situations and User Intent",
    author = "Chai, Joyce Y.  and
      Zhang, Chen  and
      Baldwin, Tyler",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2008",
    pages = "57--64",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2006-pipeline,
    title = "A Pipeline Framework for Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Chang, Ming-Wei  and
      Do, Quang  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2009",
    pages = "65--72",
}
@inproceedings{che-etal-2006-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Convolution Tree Kernel for Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Che, Wanxiang  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2010",
    pages = "73--80",
}
@inproceedings{chen-chen-2006-high,
    title = "A High-Accurate {C}hinese-{E}nglish {NE} Backward Translation System Combining Both Lexical Information and Web Statistics",
    author = "Chen, Conrad  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2011",
    pages = "81--88",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2006-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Relation Disambiguation Using Spectral Clustering",
    author = "Chen, Jinxiu  and
      Ji, Donghong  and
      Tan, Chew Lim  and
      Niu, Zhengyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2012",
    pages = "89--96",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2006-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study of {C}hinese Chunking",
    author = "Chen, Wenliang  and
      Zhang, Yujie  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2013",
    pages = "97--104",
}
@inproceedings{cherry-lin-2006-soft,
    title = "Soft Syntactic Constraints for Word Alignment through Discriminative Training",
    author = "Cherry, Colin  and
      Lin, Dekang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2014",
    pages = "105--112",
}
@inproceedings{chime-2006-account,
    title = "An Account for Compound Prepositions in {F}arsi",
    author = "Chime, Zahra Abolhassani",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2015",
    pages = "113--119",
}
@inproceedings{chou-2006-techniques,
    title = "Techniques to Incorporate the Benefits of a Hierarchy in a Modified Hidden {M}arkov Model",
    author = "Chou, Lin-Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2016",
    pages = "120--127",
}
@inproceedings{choudhury-etal-2006-analysis,
    title = "Analysis and Synthesis of the Distribution of Consonants over Languages: A Complex Network Approach",
    author = "Choudhury, Monojit  and
      Mukherjee, Animesh  and
      Basu, Anupam  and
      Ganguly, Niloy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2017",
    pages = "128--135",
}
@inproceedings{chrupala-van-genabith-2006-using,
    title = "Using Machine-Learning to Assign Function Labels to Parser Output for {S}panish",
    author = "Chrupa{\l}a, Grzegorz  and
      van Genabith, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2018",
    pages = "136--143",
}
@inproceedings{clarke-lapata-2006-constraint,
    title = "Constraint-Based Sentence Compression: An Integer Programming Approach",
    author = "Clarke, James  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2019",
    pages = "144--151",
}
@inproceedings{conroy-etal-2006-topic,
    title = "Topic-Focused Multi-Document Summarization Using an Approximate Oracle Score",
    author = "Conroy, John M.  and
      Schlesinger, Judith D.  and
      O{'}Leary, Dianne P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2020",
    pages = "152--159",
}
@inproceedings{costello-etal-2006-using,
    title = "Using {W}ord{N}et to Automatically Deduce Relations between Words in Noun-Noun Compounds",
    author = "Costello, Fintan J.  and
      Veale, Tony  and
      Dunne, Simon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2021",
    pages = "160--167",
}
@inproceedings{creswell-etal-2006-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Extracting Nominal Mentions of Events with a Bootstrapped Probabilistic Classifier",
    author = "Creswell, Cassandre  and
      Beal, Matthew J.  and
      Chen, John  and
      Cornell, Thomas L.  and
      Nilsson, Lars  and
      Srihari, Rohini K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2022",
    pages = "168--175",
}
@inproceedings{duan-etal-2006-bio,
    title = "A Bio-Inspired Approach for Multi-Word Expression Extraction",
    author = "Duan, Jianyong  and
      Lu, Ruzhan  and
      Wu, Weilin  and
      Hu, Yi  and
      Tian, Yan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2023",
    pages = "176--182",
}
@inproceedings{eckart-2006-towards,
    title = "Towards A Modular Data Model For Multi-Layer Annotated Corpora",
    author = "Eckart, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2024",
    pages = "183--190",
}
@inproceedings{ekbal-etal-2006-modified,
    title = "A Modified Joint Source-Channel Model for Transliteration",
    author = "Ekbal, Asif  and
      Naskar, Sudip Kumar  and
      Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2025",
    pages = "191--198",
}
@inproceedings{fang-etal-2006-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese-{E}nglish Term Translation Mining Based on Semantic Prediction",
    author = "Fang, Gaolin  and
      Yu, Hao  and
      Nishino, Fumihito",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2026",
    pages = "199--206",
}
@inproceedings{filatova-etal-2006-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Creation of Domain Templates",
    author = "Filatova, Elena  and
      Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2027",
    pages = "207--214",
}
@inproceedings{finch-etal-2006-using,
    title = "Using Lexical Dependency and Ontological Knowledge to Improve a Detailed Syntactic and Semantic Tagger of {E}nglish",
    author = "Finch, Andrew  and
      Black, Ezra  and
      Hwang, Young-Sook  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2028",
    pages = "215--222",
}
@inproceedings{foth-menzel-2006-benefit,
    title = "The Benefit of Stochastic {PP} Attachment to a Rule-Based Parser",
    author = "Foth, Kilian A.  and
      Menzel, Wolfgang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2029",
    pages = "223--230",
}
@inproceedings{fukumoto-suzuki-2006-using,
    title = "Using Bilingual Comparable Corpora and Semi-supervised Clustering for Topic Tracking",
    author = "Fukumoto, Fumiyo  and
      Suzuki, Yoshimi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2030",
    pages = "231--238",
}
@inproceedings{fung-chen-2006-robust,
    title = "Robust Word Sense Translation by {EM} Learning of Frame Semantics",
    author = "Fung, Pascale  and
      Chen, Benfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2031",
    pages = "239--246",
}
@inproceedings{gardent-parmentier-2006-coreference,
    title = "Coreference Handling in {XMG}",
    author = "Gardent, Claire  and
      Parmentier, Yannick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2032",
    pages = "247--254",
}
@inproceedings{gatt-van-deemter-2006-conceptual,
    title = "Conceptual Coherence in the Generation of Referring Expressions",
    author = "Gatt, Albert  and
      van Deemter, Kees",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2033",
    pages = "255--262",
}
@inproceedings{ge-mooney-2006-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Reranking for Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Ge, Ruifang  and
      Mooney, Raymond J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2034",
    pages = "263--270",
}
@inproceedings{giguet-luquet-2006-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Lexical Database Generation from Parallel Texts in 20 {E}uropean Languages with Endogenous Resources",
    author = "Giguet, Emmanuel  and
      Luquet, Pierre-Sylvain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2035",
    pages = "271--278",
}
@inproceedings{gildea-etal-2006-factoring,
    title = "Factoring Synchronous Grammars by Sorting",
    author = "Gildea, Daniel  and
      Satta, Giorgio  and
      Zhang, Hao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2036",
    pages = "279--286",
}
@inproceedings{gimenez-marquez-2006-low,
    title = "Low-Cost Enrichment of {S}panish {W}ord{N}et with Automatically Translated Glosses: Combining General and Specialized Models",
    author = "Gim{\'e}nez, Jes{\'u}s  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2037",
    pages = "287--294",
}
@inproceedings{glaysher-moldovan-2006-speeding,
    title = "Speeding Up Full Syntactic Parsing by Leveraging Partial Parsing Decisions",
    author = "Glaysher, Elliot  and
      Moldovan, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2038",
    pages = "295--300",
}
@inproceedings{goyal-chatterjee-2006-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Aligned Parallel Corpus by Projecting Syntactic Relations from Annotated Source Corpus",
    author = "Goyal, Shailly  and
      Chatterjee, Niladri",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2039",
    pages = "301--308",
}
@inproceedings{ha-etal-2006-reduced,
    title = "Reduced n-gram Models for {E}nglish and {C}hinese Corpora",
    author = "Ha, Le Q  and
      Hanna, P  and
      Stewart, D W  and
      Smith, F J",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2040",
    pages = "309--315",
}
@inproceedings{hall-etal-2006-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Classifiers for Deterministic Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Hall, Johan  and
      Nivre, Joakim  and
      Nilsson, Jens",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2041",
    pages = "316--323",
}
@inproceedings{hamabe-etal-2006-detection,
    title = "Detection of Quotations and Inserted Clauses and Its Application to Dependency Structure Analysis in Spontaneous {J}apanese",
    author = "Hamabe, Ryoji  and
      Uchimoto, Kiyotaka  and
      Kawahara, Tatsuya  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2042",
    pages = "324--330",
}
@inproceedings{han-etal-2006-improving,
    title = "Improving {E}nglish Subcategorization Acquisition with Diathesis Alternations as Heuristic Information",
    author = "Han, Xiwu  and
      Zhao, Tiejun  and
      Fu, Xingshang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2043",
    pages = "331--336",
}
@inproceedings{hargreaves-ramsay-2006-local,
    title = "Local Constraints on Sentence Markers and Focus in {S}omali",
    author = "Hargreaves, Katherine  and
      Ramsay, Allan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2044",
    pages = "337--344",
}
@inproceedings{haruechaiyasak-etal-2006-collaborative,
    title = "A Collaborative Framework for Collecting {T}hai Unknown Words from the Web",
    author = "Haruechaiyasak, Choochart  and
      Sangkeettrakarn, Chatchawal  and
      Palingoon, Pornpimon  and
      Kongyoung, Sarawoot  and
      Damrongrat, Chaianun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2045",
    pages = "345--352",
}
@inproceedings{hashimoto-etal-2006-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese Idiom Recognition: Drawing a Line between Literal and Idiomatic Meanings",
    author = "Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Sato, Satoshi  and
      Utsuro, Takehito",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2046",
    pages = "353--360",
}
@inproceedings{hirakawa-2006-graph,
    title = "Graph Branch Algorithm: An Optimum Tree Search Method for Scored Dependency Graph with Arc Co-Occurrence Constraints",
    author = "Hirakawa, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2047",
    pages = "361--368",
}
@inproceedings{hopkins-kuhn-2006-exploring,
    title = "Exploring the Potential of Intractable Parsers",
    author = "Hopkins, Mark  and
      Kuhn, Jonas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2048",
    pages = "369--376",
}
@inproceedings{horacek-wolska-2006-transformation,
    title = "Transformation-Based Interpretation of Implicit Parallel Structures: Reconstructing the Meaning of {``}vice versa{''} and Similar Linguistic Operators",
    author = "Horacek, Helmut  and
      Wolska, Magdalena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2049",
    pages = "377--384",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-huang-2006-conset,
    title = "When Conset Meets Synset: A Preliminary Survey of an Ontological Lexical Resource Based on {C}hinese Characters",
    author = "Hsieh, Shu-Kai  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2050",
    pages = "385--390",
}
@inproceedings{huwel-wrede-2006-spontaneous,
    title = "Spontaneous Speech Understanding for Robust Multi-Modal Human-Robot Communication",
    author = {H{\"u}wel, Sonja  and
      Wrede, Britta},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2051",
    pages = "391--398",
}
@inproceedings{ichikawa-etal-2006-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Sentence Retrieval Based on Syntactic Structure",
    author = "Ichikawa, Hiroshi  and
      Hakoda, Keita  and
      Hashimoto, Taiichi  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2052",
    pages = "399--406",
}
@inproceedings{jabbari-etal-2006-towards,
    title = "Towards the Orwellian Nightmare: Separation of Business and Personal Emails",
    author = "Jabbari, Sanaz  and
      Allison, Ben  and
      Guthrie, David  and
      Guthrie, Louise",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2053",
    pages = "407--411",
}
@inproceedings{jeong-lee-2006-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Non-Local Features for Spoken Language Understanding",
    author = "Jeong, Minwoo  and
      Lee, Gary Geunbae",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2054",
    pages = "412--419",
}
@inproceedings{ji-grishman-2006-analysis,
    title = "Analysis and Repair of Name Tagger Errors",
    author = "Ji, Heng  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2055",
    pages = "420--427",
}
@inproceedings{jin-tanaka-ishii-2006-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Segmentation of {C}hinese Text by Use of Branching Entropy",
    author = "Jin, Zhihui  and
      Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2056",
    pages = "428--435",
}
@inproceedings{johansson-nugues-2006-framenet,
    title = "A {F}rame{N}et-Based Semantic Role Labeler for {S}wedish",
    author = "Johansson, Richard  and
      Nugues, Pierre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2057",
    pages = "436--443",
}
@inproceedings{kacmarcik-gamon-2006-obfuscating,
    title = "Obfuscating Document Stylometry to Preserve Author Anonymity",
    author = "Kacmarcik, Gary  and
      Gamon, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2058",
    pages = "444--451",
}
@inproceedings{kaji-kitsuregawa-2006-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Construction of Polarity-Tagged Corpus from {HTML} Documents",
    author = "Kaji, Nobuhiro  and
      Kitsuregawa, Masaru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2059",
    pages = "452--459",
}
@inproceedings{kambhatla-2006-minority,
    title = "Minority Vote: At-Least-N Voting Improves Recall for Extracting Relations",
    author = "Kambhatla, Nanda",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2060",
    pages = "460--466",
}
@inproceedings{khadivi-etal-2006-integration,
    title = "Integration of Speech to Computer-Assisted Translation Using Finite-State Automata",
    author = "Khadivi, Shahram  and
      Zens, Richard  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2061",
    pages = "467--474",
}
@inproceedings{khegai-2006-gf,
    title = "{GF} Parallel Resource Grammars and {R}ussian",
    author = "Khegai, Janna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2062",
    pages = "475--482",
}
@inproceedings{kim-hovy-2006-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Identification of Pro and Con Reasons in Online Reviews",
    author = "Kim, Soo-Min  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2063",
    pages = "483--490",
}
@inproceedings{kim-baldwin-2006-interpreting,
    title = "Interpreting Semantic Relations in Noun Compounds via Verb Semantics",
    author = "Kim, Su Nam  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2064",
    pages = "491--498",
}
@inproceedings{knight-etal-2006-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Analysis for Decipherment Problems",
    author = "Knight, Kevin  and
      Nair, Anish  and
      Rathod, Nishit  and
      Yamada, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2065",
    pages = "499--506",
}
@inproceedings{kuhlmann-nivre-2006-mildly,
    title = "Mildly Non-Projective Dependency Structures",
    author = "Kuhlmann, Marco  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2066",
    pages = "507--514",
}
@inproceedings{li-brew-2006-parsing,
    title = "Parsing and Subcategorization Data",
    author = "Li, Jianguo  and
      Brew, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2067",
    pages = "515--522",
}
@inproceedings{lin-2006-role,
    title = "The Role of Information Retrieval in Answering Complex Questions",
    author = "Lin, Jimmy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2068",
    pages = "523--530",
}
@inproceedings{lioma-ounis-2006-examining,
    title = "Examining the Content Load of Part of Speech Blocks for Information Retrieval",
    author = "Lioma, Christina  and
      Ounis, Iadh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2069",
    pages = "531--538",
}
@inproceedings{liu-gildea-2006-stochastic,
    title = "Stochastic Iterative Alignment for Machine Translation Evaluation",
    author = "Liu, Ding  and
      Gildea, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2070",
    pages = "539--546",
}
@inproceedings{loeff-etal-2006-discriminating,
    title = "Discriminating Image Senses by Clustering with Multimodal Features",
    author = "Loeff, Nicolas  and
      Alm, Cecilia Ovesdotter  and
      Forsyth, David A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2071",
    pages = "547--554",
}
@inproceedings{marrafa-mendes-2006-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Adjectives in Computational Relational Lexica",
    author = "Marrafa, Palmira  and
      Mendes, Sara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2072",
    pages = "555--562",
}
@inproceedings{martinez-hinarejos-etal-2006-segmented,
    title = "Segmented and Unsegmented Dialogue-Act Annotation with Statistical Dialogue Models",
    author = "Mart{\'\i}nez Hinarejos, Carlos D.  and
      Granell, Ram{\'o}n  and
      Bened{\'\i}, Jos{\'e} Miguel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2073",
    pages = "563--570",
}
@inproceedings{maslennikov-etal-2006-instance,
    title = "{ARE}: Instance Splitting Strategies for Dependency Relation-Based Information Extraction",
    author = "Maslennikov, Mstislav  and
      Goh, Hai-Kiat  and
      Chua, Tat-Seng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2074",
    pages = "571--578",
}
@inproceedings{mirkin-etal-2006-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Pattern-Based and Distributional Similarity Methods for Lexical Entailment Acquisition",
    author = "Mirkin, Shachar  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Geffet, Maayan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2075",
    pages = "579--586",
}
@inproceedings{murata-etal-2006-machine,
    title = "Machine-Learning-Based Transformation of Passive {J}apanese Sentences into Active by Separating Training Data into Each Input Particle",
    author = "Murata, Masaki  and
      Kanamaru, Toshiyuki  and
      Shirado, Tamotsu  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2076",
    pages = "587--594",
}
@inproceedings{nagata-etal-2006-reinforcing,
    title = "Reinforcing {E}nglish Countability Prediction with One Countability per Discourse Property",
    author = "Nagata, Ryo  and
      Kawai, Atsuo  and
      Morihiro, Koichiro  and
      Isu, Naoki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2077",
    pages = "595--602",
}
@inproceedings{nanba-okumura-2006-automatic,
    title = "An Automatic Method for Summary Evaluation Using Multiple Evaluation Results by a Manual Method",
    author = "Nanba, Hidetsugu  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2078",
    pages = "603--610",
}
@inproceedings{ng-etal-2006-examining,
    title = "Examining the Role of Linguistic Knowledge Sources in the Automatic Identification and Classification of Reviews",
    author = "Ng, Vincent  and
      Dasgupta, Sajib  and
      Arifin, S. M. Niaz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2079",
    pages = "611--618",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2006-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing with Structured {SVM} Ensemble Classification Models",
    author = "Nguyen, Le-Minh  and
      Shimazu, Akira  and
      Phan, Xuan-Hieu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2080",
    pages = "619--626",
}
@inproceedings{oberlander-nowson-2006-whose,
    title = "Whose Thumb Is It Anyway? Classifying Author Personality from Weblog Text",
    author = "Oberlander, Jon  and
      Nowson, Scott",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2081",
    pages = "627--634",
}
@inproceedings{ohtake-2006-analysis,
    title = "Analysis of Selective Strategies to Build a Dependency-Analyzed Corpus",
    author = "Ohtake, Kiyonori",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2082",
    pages = "635--642",
}
@inproceedings{okazaki-ananiadou-2006-term,
    title = "A Term Recognition Approach to Acronym Recognition",
    author = "Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2083",
    pages = "643--650",
}
@inproceedings{pecina-schlesinger-2006-combining,
    title = "Combining Association Measures for Collocation Extraction",
    author = "Pecina, Pavel  and
      Schlesinger, Pavel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2084",
    pages = "651--658",
}
@inproceedings{rieser-lemon-2006-using,
    title = "Using Machine Learning to Explore Human Multimodal Clarification Strategies",
    author = "Rieser, Verena  and
      Lemon, Oliver",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2085",
    pages = "659--666",
}
@inproceedings{rosenfeld-feldman-2006-ures,
    title = "{URES} : an Unsupervised Web Relation Extraction System",
    author = "Rosenfeld, Benjamin  and
      Feldman, Ronen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2086",
    pages = "667--674",
}
@inproceedings{ruch-etal-2006-argumentative,
    title = "Argumentative Feedback: A Linguistically-Motivated Term Expansion for Information Retrieval",
    author = "Ruch, Patrick  and
      Tbahriti, Imad  and
      Gobeill, Julien  and
      Aronson, Alan R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2087",
    pages = "675--682",
}
@inproceedings{ryu-etal-2006-simultaneous,
    title = "Simultaneous {E}nglish-{J}apanese Spoken Language Translation Based on Incremental Dependency Parsing and Transfer",
    author = "Ryu, Koichiro  and
      Matsubara, Shigeki  and
      Inagaki, Yasuyoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2088",
    pages = "683--690",
}
@inproceedings{sagae-lavie-2006-best,
    title = "A Best-First Probabilistic Shift-Reduce Parser",
    author = "Sagae, Kenji  and
      Lavie, Alon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2089",
    pages = "691--698",
}
@inproceedings{santini-etal-2006-implementing,
    title = "Implementing a Characterization of Genre for Automatic Genre Identification of Web Pages",
    author = "Santini, Marina  and
      Power, Richard  and
      Evans, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2090",
    pages = "699--706",
}
@inproceedings{sato-etal-2006-translating,
    title = "Translating {HPSG}-Style Outputs of a Robust Parser into Typed Dynamic Logic",
    author = "Sato, Manabu  and
      Bekki, Daisuke  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2091",
    pages = "707--714",
}
@inproceedings{schrader-2006-atlas,
    title = "{ATLAS} {--} A New Text Alignment Architecture",
    author = "Schrader, Bettina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2092",
    pages = "715--722",
}
@inproceedings{schwenk-etal-2006-continuous,
    title = "Continuous Space Language Models for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Schwenk, Holger  and
      Dechelotte, Daniel  and
      Gauvain, Jean-Luc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2093",
    pages = "723--730",
}
@inproceedings{sekine-2006-demand,
    title = "On-Demand Information Extraction",
    author = "Sekine, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2094",
    pages = "731--738",
}
@inproceedings{sharoff-etal-2006-using,
    title = "Using Comparable Corpora to Solve Problems Difficult for Human Translators",
    author = "Sharoff, Serge  and
      Babych, Bogdan  and
      Hartley, Anthony",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2095",
    pages = "739--746",
}
@inproceedings{shen-etal-2006-adding,
    title = "Adding Syntax to Dynamic Programming for Aligning Comparable Texts for the Generation of Paraphrases",
    author = {Shen, Siwei  and
      Radev, Dragomir R.  and
      Patel, Agam  and
      Erkan, G{\"u}ne{\c{s}}},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2096",
    pages = "747--754",
}
@inproceedings{shibata-kurohashi-2006-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Topic Identification by Integrating Linguistic and Visual Information Based on Hidden {M}arkov Models",
    author = "Shibata, Tomohide  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2097",
    pages = "755--762",
}
@inproceedings{shimizu-haas-2006-exact,
    title = "Exact Decoding for Jointly Labeling and Chunking Sequences",
    author = "Shimizu, Nobuyuki  and
      Haas, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2098",
    pages = "763--770",
}
@inproceedings{shirai-ookawa-2006-compiling,
    title = "Compiling a Lexicon of Cooking Actions for Animation Generation",
    author = "Shirai, Kiyoaki  and
      Ookawa, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2099",
    pages = "771--778",
}
@inproceedings{singh-etal-2006-morphological,
    title = "Morphological Richness Offsets Resource Demand {--} Experiences in Constructing a {POS} Tagger for {H}indi",
    author = "Singh, Smriti  and
      Gupta, Kuhoo  and
      Shrivastava, Manish  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2100",
    pages = "779--786",
}
@inproceedings{smith-eisner-2006-minimum,
    title = "Minimum Risk Annealing for Training Log-Linear Models",
    author = "Smith, David A.  and
      Eisner, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2101",
    pages = "787--794",
}
@inproceedings{snider-diab-2006-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Induction of Modern Standard {A}rabic Verb Classes Using Syntactic Frames and {LSA}",
    author = "Snider, Neal  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2102",
    pages = "795--802",
}
@inproceedings{soricut-marcu-2006-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Generation Using Utility-Trained Coherence Models",
    author = "Soricut, Radu  and
      Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2103",
    pages = "803--810",
}
@inproceedings{swanson-gordon-2006-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Alternative Parse Tree Paths for Labeling Semantic Roles",
    author = "Swanson, Reid  and
      Gordon, Andrew S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2104",
    pages = "811--818",
}
@inproceedings{tatu-moldovan-2006-logic,
    title = "A Logic-Based Semantic Approach to Recognizing Textual Entailment",
    author = "Tatu, Marta  and
      Moldovan, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2105",
    pages = "819--826",
}
@inproceedings{tokunaga-etal-2006-infrastructure,
    title = "Infrastructure for Standardization of {A}sian Language Resources",
    author = "Tokunaga, Takenobu  and
      Sornlertlamvanich, Virach  and
      Charoenporn, Thatsanee  and
      Calzolari, Nicoletta  and
      Monachini, Monica  and
      Soria, Claudia  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Xia, YingJu  and
      Yu, Hao  and
      Prevot, Laurent  and
      Shirai, Kiyoaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2106",
    pages = "827--834",
}
@inproceedings{tomas-casacuberta-2006-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Phrase-Based Models for Interactive Computer-Assisted Translation",
    author = "Tom{\'a}s, Jes{\'u}s  and
      Casacuberta, Francisco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2107",
    pages = "835--841",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-2006-using,
    title = "Using Word Support Model to Improve {C}hinese Input System",
    author = "Tsai, Jia-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2108",
    pages = "842--849",
}
@inproceedings{unno-etal-2006-trimming,
    title = "Trimming {CFG} Parse Trees for Sentence Compression Using Machine Learning Approaches",
    author = "Unno, Yuya  and
      Ninomiya, Takashi  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2109",
    pages = "850--857",
}
@inproceedings{utsumi-suzuki-2006-word,
    title = "Word Vectors and Two Kinds of Similarity",
    author = "Utsumi, Akira  and
      Suzuki, Daisuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2110",
    pages = "858--865",
}
@inproceedings{van-der-plas-tiedemann-2006-finding,
    title = "Finding Synonyms Using Automatic Word Alignment and Measures of Distributional Similarity",
    author = {van der Plas, Lonneke  and
      Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2111",
    pages = "866--873",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2006-word,
    title = "Word Alignment for Languages with Scarce Resources Using Bilingual Corpora of Other Language Pairs",
    author = "Wang, Haifeng  and
      Wu, Hua  and
      Liu, Zhanyi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2112",
    pages = "874--881",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2006-combining,
    title = "Combining Statistical and Knowledge-Based Spoken Language Understanding in Conditional Models",
    author = "Wang, Ye-Yi  and
      Acero, Alex  and
      Mahajan, Milind  and
      Lee, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2113",
    pages = "882--889",
}
@inproceedings{wasala-etal-2006-sinhala,
    title = "{S}inhala Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion and Rules for Schwa Epenthesis",
    author = "Wasala, Asanka  and
      Weerasinghe, Ruvan  and
      Gamage, Kumudu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2114",
    pages = "890--897",
}
@inproceedings{wu-lowery-2006-prosodic,
    title = "From Prosodic Trees to Syntactic Trees",
    author = "Wu, Andi  and
      Lowery, Kirk",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2115",
    pages = "898--904",
}
@inproceedings{wu-lee-2006-grammatical,
    title = "A Grammatical Approach to Understanding Textual Tables Using Two-Dimensional {SCFG}s",
    author = "Wu, Dekai  and
      Lee, Ken Wing Kuen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2116",
    pages = "905--912",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2006-boosting,
    title = "Boosting Statistical Word Alignment Using Labeled and Unlabeled Data",
    author = "Wu, Hua  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Liu, Zhanyi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2117",
    pages = "913--920",
}
@inproceedings{xue-etal-2006-aligning,
    title = "Aligning Features with Sense Distinction Dimensions",
    author = "Xue, Nianwen  and
      Chen, Jinying  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2118",
    pages = "921--928",
}
@inproceedings{yang-powers-2006-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation Using Lexical Cohesion in the Context",
    author = "Yang, Dongqiang  and
      Powers, David M. W.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2119",
    pages = "929--936",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-etal-2006-stochastic,
    title = "Stochastic Discourse Modeling in Spoken Dialogue Systems Using Semantic Dependency Graphs",
    author = "Yeh, Jui-Feng  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Yang, Mao-Zhu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2120",
    pages = "937--944",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2006-hal,
    title = "{HAL}-Based Cascaded Model for Variable-Length Semantic Pattern Induction from Psychiatry Web Resources",
    author = "Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Jang, Fong-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2121",
    pages = "945--952",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-gildea-2006-inducing,
    title = "Inducing Word Alignments with Bilexical Synchronous Trees",
    author = "Zhang, Hao  and
      Gildea, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2122",
    pages = "953--960",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2006-subword,
    title = "Subword-Based Tagging for Confidence-Dependent {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Zhang, Ruiqiang  and
      Kikui, Genichiro  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2123",
    pages = "961--968",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-xing-2006-bitam,
    title = "{B}i{TAM}: Bilingual Topic {A}d{M}ixture Models for Word Alignment",
    author = "Zhao, Bing  and
      Xing, Eric P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2124",
    pages = "969--976",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-li-2006-hmm,
    title = "An {HMM}-Based Approach to Automatic Phrasing for {M}andarin Text-to-Speech Synthesis",
    author = "Zhu, Jing  and
      Li, Jian-Hua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-2125",
    pages = "977--982",
}
@proceedings{acl-2006-coling-acl,
    title = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    author = "Carpuat, Marine  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Hwa, Rebecca",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3000",
}
@inproceedings{biswas-2006-flexible,
    title = "A Flexible Approach to Natural Language Generation for Disabled Children",
    author = "Biswas, Pradipta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{biemann-2006-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Tagging Employing Efficient Graph Clustering",
    author = "Biemann, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{cromieres-2006-sub,
    title = "Sub-Sentential Alignment Using Substring Co-Occurrence Counts",
    author = "Cromieres, Fabien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{maier-2006-annotation,
    title = "Annotation Schemes and their Influence on Parsing Results",
    author = "Maier, Wolfgang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{park-2006-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Human Sentence Processing Data with a Statistical Parts-of-Speech Tagger",
    author = "Park, Jihyun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3005",
    pages = "25--30",
}
@inproceedings{shimizu-2006-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Discourse Segmentation and Labeling for Route Instructions",
    author = "Shimizu, Nobuyuki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3006",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{wu-2006-investigations,
    title = "Investigations on Event-Based Summarization",
    author = "Wu, Mingli",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3007",
    pages = "37--42",
}
@inproceedings{yue-2006-discursive,
    title = "Discursive Usage of Six {C}hinese Punctuation Marks",
    author = "Yue, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3008",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{tsarfaty-2006-integrated,
    title = "Integrated Morphological and Syntactic Disambiguation for Modern {H}ebrew",
    author = "Tsarfaty, Reut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{specia-2006-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Relational Approach for {WSD} {--} First Results",
    author = "Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{loos-2006-on2l,
    title = "{O}n2{L} {--} A Framework for Incremental Ontology Learning in Spoken Dialog Systems",
    author = "Loos, Berenike",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3011",
    pages = "61--66",
}
@inproceedings{narupiyakul-2006-focus,
    title = "Focus to Emphasize Tone Structures for Prosodic Analysis in Spoken Language Generation",
    author = "Narupiyakul, Lalita",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3012",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@inproceedings{park-2006-extraction,
    title = "Extraction of Tree Adjoining Grammars from a Treebank for {K}orean",
    author = "Park, Jungyeul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3013",
    pages = "73--78",
}
@inproceedings{li-2006-parsing,
    title = "Parsing and Subcategorization Data",
    author = "Li, Jianguo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3014",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{rudzicz-2006-clavius,
    title = "{C}lavius: Bi-Directional Parsing for Generic Multimodal Interaction",
    author = "Rudzicz, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-3015",
    pages = "85--90",
}
@proceedings{acl-2006-coling-acl-2006,
    title = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    author = "Curran, James",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4000",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2006-fast,
    title = "{FAST} {--} An Automatic Generation System for Grammar Tests",
    author = "Chen, Chia-Yin  and
      Liou, Hsien-Chin  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4001",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225404",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{montero-araki-2006-correct,
    title = "Is It Correct? {--} Towards Web-Based Evaluation of Automatic Natural Language Phrase Generation",
    author = "Montero, Calkin S.  and
      Araki, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4002",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225405",
    pages = "5--8",
}
@inproceedings{tesconi-etal-2006-lexflow,
    title = "{L}e{XF}low: A System for Cross-Fertilization of Computational Lexicons",
    author = "Tesconi, Maurizio  and
      Marchetti, Andrea  and
      Bertagna, Francesca  and
      Monachini, Monica  and
      Soria, Claudia  and
      Calzolari, Nicoletta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4003",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225406",
    pages = "9--12",
}
@inproceedings{navigli-2006-valido,
    title = "{V}alido: A Visual Tool for Validating Sense Annotations",
    author = "Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4004",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225407",
    pages = "13--16",
}
@inproceedings{ohta-etal-2006-intelligent,
    title = "An Intelligent Search Engine and {GUI}-based Efficient {MEDLINE} Search Tool Based on Deep Syntactic Parsing",
    author = "Ohta, Tomoko  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Ninomiya, Takashi  and
      Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa  and
      Yakushiji, Akane  and
      Masuda, Katsuya  and
      Takeuchi, Jumpei  and
      Yoshida, Kazuhiro  and
      Hara, Tadayoshi  and
      Kim, Jin-Dong  and
      Tateisi, Yuka  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4005",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225408",
    pages = "17--20",
}
@inproceedings{mima-2006-mima,
    title = "{MIMA} Search: A Structuring Knowledge System towards Innovation for Engineering Education",
    author = "Mima, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4006",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225409",
    pages = "21--24",
}
@inproceedings{hickl-etal-2006-ferret,
    title = "{FERRET}: Interactive Question-Answering for Real-World Environments",
    author = "Hickl, Andrew  and
      Wang, Patrick  and
      Lehmann, John  and
      Harabagiu, Sanda",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4007",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225410",
    pages = "25--28",
}
@inproceedings{song-etal-2006-k,
    title = "{K}-{QARD}: A Practical {K}orean Question Answering Framework for Restricted Domain",
    author = "Song, Young-In  and
      Chung, HooJung  and
      Han, Kyoung-Soo  and
      Lee, JooYoung  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang  and
      Lee, Jae-Won",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4008",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225411",
    pages = "29--32",
}
@inproceedings{mazur-dale-2006-intermediate,
    title = "An Intermediate Representation for the Interpretation of Temporal Expressions",
    author = "Mazur, Pawe{\l}  and
      Dale, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4009",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225412",
    pages = "33--36",
}
@inproceedings{yao-uszkoreit-2006-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Named Entity and Relation Identification System",
    author = "Yao, Tianfang  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4010",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225413",
    pages = "37--40",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2006-computational,
    title = "Computational Analysis of Move Structures in Academic Abstracts",
    author = "Wu, Jien-Chen  and
      Chang, Yu-Chia  and
      Liou, Hsien-Chin  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4011",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225414",
    pages = "41--44",
}
@inproceedings{radev-etal-2006-lexnet,
    title = "{L}ex{N}et: A Graphical Environment for Graph-Based {NLP}",
    author = {Radev, Dragomir R.  and
      Erkan, G{\"u}ne{\c{s}}  and
      Fader, Anthony  and
      Jordan, Patrick  and
      Shen, Siwei  and
      Sweeney, James P.},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4012",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225415",
    pages = "45--48",
}
@inproceedings{ailomaa-etal-2006-archivus,
    title = "{A}rchivus: A Multimodal System for Multimedia Meeting Browsing and Retrieval",
    author = "Ailomaa, Marita  and
      Melichar, Miroslav  and
      Lisowska, Agnes  and
      Rajman, Martin  and
      Armstrong, Susan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4013",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225416",
    pages = "49--52",
}
@inproceedings{lonning-oepen-2006-usable,
    title = "Re-Usable Tools for Precision Machine Translation",
    author = "L{\o}nning, Jan Tore  and
      Oepen, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4014",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225417",
    pages = "53--56",
}
@inproceedings{becker-etal-2006-sammie,
    title = "The {SAMMIE} System: Multimodal In-Car Dialogue",
    author = "Becker, Tilman  and
      Poller, Peter  and
      Schehl, Jan  and
      Blaylock, Nate  and
      Gerstenberger, Ciprian  and
      Kruijff-Korbayov{\'a}, Ivana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4015",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225418",
    pages = "57--60",
}
@inproceedings{wehrli-2006-twicpen,
    title = "{T}wic{P}en: Hand-held Scanner and Translation Software for non-Native Readers",
    author = "Wehrli, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4016",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225419",
    pages = "61--64",
}
@inproceedings{fujita-etal-2006-implemented,
    title = "An Implemented Description of {J}apanese: The {L}exeed Dictionary and the {H}inoki Treebank",
    author = "Fujita, Sanae  and
      Tanaka, Takaaki  and
      Bond, Francis  and
      Nakaiwa, Hiromi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4017",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225420",
    pages = "65--68",
}
@inproceedings{bird-2006-nltk,
    title = "{NLTK}: The {N}atural {L}anguage {T}oolkit",
    author = "Bird, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4018",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225421",
    pages = "69--72",
}
@inproceedings{blanc-constant-2006-outilex,
    title = "{O}utilex, a Linguistic Platform for Text Processing",
    author = "Blanc, Olivier  and
      Constant, Matthieu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4019",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225422",
    pages = "73--76",
}
@inproceedings{briscoe-etal-2006-second,
    title = "The Second Release of the {RASP} System",
    author = "Briscoe, Ted  and
      Carroll, John  and
      Watson, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {COLING}/{ACL} 2006 Interactive Presentation Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2006",
    address = "Sydney, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-4020",
    doi = "10.3115/1225403.1225423",
    pages = "77--80",
}
@proceedings{acl-2012-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    author = "Li, Haizhou  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Osborne, Miles  and
      Lee, Gary Geunbae  and
      Park, Jong C.",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1000",
}
@inproceedings{duh-etal-2012-learning,
    title = "Learning to Translate with Multiple Objectives",
    author = "Duh, Kevin  and
      Sudoh, Katsuhito  and
      Wu, Xianchao  and
      Tsukada, Hajime  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1001",
    pages = "1--10",
}
@inproceedings{simianer-etal-2012-joint,
    title = "Joint Feature Selection in Distributed Stochastic Learning for Large-Scale Discriminative Training in {SMT}",
    author = "Simianer, Patrick  and
      Riezler, Stefan  and
      Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1002",
    pages = "11--21",
}
@inproceedings{kolachina-etal-2012-prediction,
    title = "Prediction of Learning Curves in Machine Translation",
    author = "Kolachina, Prasanth  and
      Cancedda, Nicola  and
      Dymetman, Marc  and
      Venkatapathy, Sriram",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1003",
    pages = "22--30",
}
@inproceedings{sim-2012-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Integration of Partial Lexical Information for Noise Robust Haptic Voice Recognition",
    author = "Sim, Khe Chai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1004",
    pages = "31--39",
}
@inproceedings{lee-glass-2012-nonparametric,
    title = "A Nonparametric {B}ayesian Approach to Acoustic Model Discovery",
    author = "Lee, Chia-ying  and
      Glass, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1005",
    pages = "40--49",
}
@inproceedings{peng-etal-2012-automated,
    title = "Automated Essay Scoring Based on Finite State Transducer: towards {ASR} Transcription of Oral {E}nglish Speech",
    author = "Peng, Xingyuan  and
      Ke, Dengfeng  and
      Xu, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1006",
    pages = "50--59",
}
@inproceedings{feng-hirst-2012-text,
    title = "Text-level Discourse Parsing with Rich Linguistic Features",
    author = "Feng, Vanessa Wei  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1007",
    pages = "60--68",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-xue-2012-pdtb,
    title = "{PDTB}-style Discourse Annotation of {C}hinese Text",
    author = "Zhou, Yuping  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1008",
    pages = "69--77",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2012-sits,
    title = "{SITS}: A Hierarchical Nonparametric Model using Speaker Identity for Topic Segmentation in Multiparty Conversations",
    author = "Nguyen, Viet-An  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Resnik, Philip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1009",
    pages = "78--87",
}
@inproceedings{kolomiyets-etal-2012-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Narrative Timelines as Temporal Dependency Structures",
    author = "Kolomiyets, Oleksandr  and
      Bethard, Steven  and
      Moens, Marie-Francine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1010",
    pages = "88--97",
}
@inproceedings{chambers-2012-labeling,
    title = "Labeling Documents with Timestamps: Learning from their Time Expressions",
    author = "Chambers, Nathanael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1011",
    pages = "98--106",
}
@inproceedings{garrido-etal-2012-temporally,
    title = "Temporally Anchored Relation Extraction",
    author = "Garrido, Guillermo  and
      Pe{\~n}as, Anselmo  and
      Cabaleiro, Bernardo  and
      Rodrigo, {\'A}lvaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1012",
    pages = "107--116",
}
@inproceedings{berant-etal-2012-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Tree-based Approximation for Entailment Graph Learning",
    author = "Berant, Jonathan  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Adler, Meni  and
      Goldberger, Jacob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1013",
    pages = "117--125",
}
@inproceedings{branavan-etal-2012-learning,
    title = "Learning High-Level Planning from Text",
    author = "Branavan, S.R.K.  and
      Kushman, Nate  and
      Lei, Tao  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1014",
    pages = "126--135",
}
@inproceedings{bruni-etal-2012-distributional,
    title = "Distributional Semantics in Technicolor",
    author = "Bruni, Elia  and
      Boleda, Gemma  and
      Baroni, Marco  and
      Tran, Nam-Khanh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1015",
    pages = "136--145",
}
@inproceedings{green-denero-2012-class,
    title = "A Class-Based Agreement Model for Generating Accurately Inflected Translations",
    author = "Green, Spence  and
      DeNero, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1016",
    pages = "146--155",
}
@inproceedings{nuhn-etal-2012-deciphering,
    title = "Deciphering Foreign Language by Combining Language Models and Context Vectors",
    author = "Nuhn, Malte  and
      Mauser, Arne  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1017",
    pages = "156--164",
}
@inproceedings{neubig-etal-2012-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation without Words through Substring Alignment",
    author = "Neubig, Graham  and
      Watanabe, Taro  and
      Mori, Shinsuke  and
      Kawahara, Tatsuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1018",
    pages = "165--174",
}
@inproceedings{rastrow-etal-2012-fast,
    title = "Fast Syntactic Analysis for Statistical Language Modeling via Substructure Sharing and Uptraining",
    author = "Rastrow, Ariya  and
      Dredze, Mark  and
      Khudanpur, Sanjeev",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1019",
    pages = "175--183",
}
@inproceedings{elsner-etal-2012-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping a Unified Model of Lexical and Phonetic Acquisition",
    author = "Elsner, Micha  and
      Goldwater, Sharon  and
      Eisenstein, Jacob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1020",
    pages = "184--193",
}
@inproceedings{tang-etal-2012-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Pronunciation Modeling: A Large-Margin, Feature-Rich Approach",
    author = "Tang, Hao  and
      Keshet, Joseph  and
      Livescu, Karen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1021",
    pages = "194--203",
}
@inproceedings{constant-etal-2012-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Strategies to Integrate Multiword Expression Recognition and Parsing",
    author = "Constant, Matthieu  and
      Sigogne, Anthony  and
      Watrin, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1022",
    pages = "204--212",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2012-utilizing,
    title = "Utilizing Dependency Language Models for Graph-based Dependency Parsing Models",
    author = "Chen, Wenliang  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1023",
    pages = "213--222",
}
@inproceedings{cohen-etal-2012-spectral,
    title = "Spectral Learning of Latent-Variable {PCFG}s",
    author = "Cohen, Shay B.  and
      Stratos, Karl  and
      Collins, Michael  and
      Foster, Dean P.  and
      Ungar, Lyle",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1024",
    pages = "223--231",
}
@inproceedings{sun-wan-2012-reducing,
    title = "Reducing Approximation and Estimation Errors for {C}hinese Lexical Processing with Heterogeneous Annotations",
    author = "Sun, Weiwei  and
      Wan, Xiaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1025",
    pages = "232--241",
}
@inproceedings{sun-uszkoreit-2012-capturing,
    title = "Capturing Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Lexical Relations: Towards Accurate {C}hinese Part-of-Speech Tagging",
    author = "Sun, Weiwei  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1026",
    pages = "242--252",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2012-fast,
    title = "Fast Online Training with Frequency-Adaptive Learning Rates for {C}hinese Word Segmentation and New Word Detection",
    author = "Sun, Xu  and
      Wang, Houfeng  and
      Li, Wenjie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1027",
    pages = "253--262",
}
@inproceedings{croce-etal-2012-verb,
    title = "Verb Classification using Distributional Similarity in Syntactic and Semantic Structures",
    author = "Croce, Danilo  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro  and
      Basili, Roberto  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1028",
    pages = "263--272",
}
@inproceedings{zhong-ng-2012-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation Improves Information Retrieval",
    author = "Zhong, Zhi  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1029",
    pages = "273--282",
}
@inproceedings{stern-etal-2012-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Search for Transformation-based Inference",
    author = "Stern, Asher  and
      Stern, Roni  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Felner, Ariel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1030",
    pages = "283--291",
}
@inproceedings{he-deng-2012-maximum,
    title = "Maximum Expected {BLEU} Training of Phrase and Lexicon Translation Models",
    author = "He, Xiaodong  and
      Deng, Li",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1031",
    pages = "292--301",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2012-learning,
    title = "Learning Translation Consensus with Structured Label Propagation",
    author = "Liu, Shujie  and
      Li, Chi-Ho  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1032",
    pages = "302--310",
}
@inproceedings{vaswani-etal-2012-smaller,
    title = "Smaller Alignment Models for Better Translations: Unsupervised Word Alignment with the l0-norm",
    author = "Vaswani, Ashish  and
      Huang, Liang  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1033",
    pages = "311--319",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-liu-2012-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Review Comments",
    author = "Mukherjee, Arjun  and
      Liu, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1034",
    pages = "320--329",
}
@inproceedings{celikyilmaz-hakkani-tur-2012-joint,
    title = "A Joint Model for Discovery of Aspects in Utterances",
    author = "Celikyilmaz, Asli  and
      Hakkani-Tur, Dilek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1035",
    pages = "330--338",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-liu-2012-aspect,
    title = "Aspect Extraction through Semi-Supervised Modeling",
    author = "Mukherjee, Arjun  and
      Liu, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1036",
    pages = "339--348",
}
@inproceedings{raghavan-etal-2012-learning,
    title = "Learning to {``}Read Between the Lines{''} using {B}ayesian Logic Programs",
    author = "Raghavan, Sindhu  and
      Mooney, Raymond  and
      Ku, Hyeonseo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1037",
    pages = "349--358",
}
@inproceedings{kuznetsova-etal-2012-collective,
    title = "Collective Generation of Natural Image Descriptions",
    author = "Kuznetsova, Polina  and
      Ordonez, Vicente  and
      Berg, Alexander  and
      Berg, Tamara  and
      Choi, Yejin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1038",
    pages = "359--368",
}
@inproceedings{konstas-lapata-2012-concept,
    title = "Concept-to-text Generation via Discriminative Reranking",
    author = "Konstas, Ioannis  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1039",
    pages = "369--378",
}
@inproceedings{wick-etal-2012-discriminative,
    title = "A Discriminative Hierarchical Model for Fast Coreference at Large Scale",
    author = "Wick, Michael  and
      Singh, Sameer  and
      McCallum, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1040",
    pages = "379--388",
}
@inproceedings{bansal-klein-2012-coreference,
    title = "Coreference Semantics from Web Features",
    author = "Bansal, Mohit  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1041",
    pages = "389--398",
}
@inproceedings{abu-jbara-etal-2012-subgroup,
    title = "Subgroup Detection in Ideological Discussions",
    author = "Abu-Jbara, Amjad  and
      Dasigi, Pradeep  and
      Diab, Mona  and
      Radev, Dragomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1042",
    pages = "399--409",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2012-cross,
    title = "Cross-Domain Co-Extraction of Sentiment and Topic Lexicons",
    author = "Li, Fangtao  and
      Pan, Sinno Jialin  and
      Jin, Ou  and
      Yang, Qiang  and
      Zhu, Xiaoyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1043",
    pages = "410--419",
}
@inproceedings{lippincott-etal-2012-learning,
    title = "Learning Syntactic Verb Frames using Graphical Models",
    author = "Lippincott, Thomas  and
      Korhonen, Anna  and
      {\'O} S{\'e}aghdha, Diarmuid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1044",
    pages = "420--429",
}
@inproceedings{chen-2012-fast,
    title = "Fast Online Lexicon Learning for Grounded Language Acquisition",
    author = "Chen, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1045",
    pages = "430--439",
}
@inproceedings{shindo-etal-2012-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Symbol-Refined Tree Substitution Grammars for Syntactic Parsing",
    author = "Shindo, Hiroyuki  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Fujino, Akinori  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1046",
    pages = "440--448",
}
@inproceedings{bu-etal-2012-string,
    title = "String Re-writing Kernel",
    author = "Bu, Fan  and
      Li, Hang  and
      Zhu, Xiaoyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1047",
    pages = "449--458",
}
@inproceedings{su-etal-2012-translation,
    title = "Translation Model Adaptation for Statistical Machine Translation with Monolingual Topic Information",
    author = "Su, Jinsong  and
      Wu, Hua  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Chen, Yidong  and
      Shi, Xiaodong  and
      Dong, Huailin  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1048",
    pages = "459--468",
}
@inproceedings{sajjad-etal-2012-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical Model for Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Transliteration Mining",
    author = "Sajjad, Hassan  and
      Fraser, Alexander  and
      Schmid, Helmut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1049",
    pages = "469--477",
}
@inproceedings{bisazza-federico-2012-modified,
    title = "Modified Distortion Matrices for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Bisazza, Arianna  and
      Federico, Marcello",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1050",
    pages = "478--487",
}
@inproceedings{jones-etal-2012-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing with {B}ayesian Tree Transducers",
    author = "Jones, Bevan  and
      Johnson, Mark  and
      Goldwater, Sharon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1051",
    pages = "488--496",
}
@inproceedings{ng-curran-2012-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Hashing for n-best {CCG} Parsing",
    author = "Ng, Dominick  and
      Curran, James R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1052",
    pages = "497--505",
}
@inproceedings{maletti-engelfriet-2012-strong,
    title = "Strong Lexicalization of Tree Adjoining Grammars",
    author = "Maletti, Andreas  and
      Engelfriet, Joost",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1053",
    pages = "506--515",
}
@inproceedings{yan-etal-2012-tweet,
    title = "Tweet Recommendation with Graph Co-Ranking",
    author = "Yan, Rui  and
      Lapata, Mirella  and
      Li, Xiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1054",
    pages = "516--525",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2012-joint,
    title = "Joint Inference of Named Entity Recognition and Normalization for Tweets",
    author = "Liu, Xiaohua  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Zhou, Xiangyang  and
      Fu, Zhongyang  and
      Wei, Furu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1055",
    pages = "526--535",
}
@inproceedings{diao-etal-2012-finding,
    title = "Finding Bursty Topics from Microblogs",
    author = "Diao, Qiming  and
      Jiang, Jing  and
      Zhu, Feida  and
      Lim, Ee-Peng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1056",
    pages = "536--544",
}
@inproceedings{druck-pang-2012-spice,
    title = "Spice it up? Mining Refinements to Online Instructions from User Generated Content",
    author = "Druck, Gregory  and
      Pang, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1057",
    pages = "545--553",
}
@inproceedings{qu-liu-2012-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Dependency Tagging in Online Question Answering Forums",
    author = "Qu, Zhonghua  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1058",
    pages = "554--562",
}
@inproceedings{pantel-etal-2012-mining,
    title = "Mining Entity Types from Query Logs via User Intent Modeling",
    author = "Pantel, Patrick  and
      Lin, Thomas  and
      Gamon, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1059",
    pages = "563--571",
}
@inproceedings{meng-etal-2012-cross,
    title = "Cross-Lingual Mixture Model for Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Meng, Xinfan  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Liu, Xiaohua  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Xu, Ge  and
      Wang, Houfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1060",
    pages = "572--581",
}
@inproceedings{chan-etal-2012-community,
    title = "Community Answer Summarization for Multi-Sentence Question with Group {L}1 Regularization",
    author = "Chan, Wen  and
      Zhou, Xiangdong  and
      Wang, Wei  and
      Chua, Tat-Seng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1061",
    pages = "582--591",
}
@inproceedings{gardent-narayan-2012-error,
    title = "Error Mining on Dependency Trees",
    author = "Gardent, Claire  and
      Narayan, Shashi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1062",
    pages = "592--600",
}
@inproceedings{zweig-etal-2012-computational,
    title = "Computational Approaches to Sentence Completion",
    author = "Zweig, Geoffrey  and
      Platt, John C.  and
      Meek, Christopher  and
      Burges, Christopher J.C.  and
      Yessenalina, Ainur  and
      Liu, Qiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1063",
    pages = "601--610",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2012-iterative,
    title = "Iterative {V}iterbi {A}* Algorithm for K-Best Sequential Decoding",
    author = "Huang, Zhiheng  and
      Chang, Yi  and
      Long, Bo  and
      Crespo, Jean-Francois  and
      Dong, Anlei  and
      Keerthi, Sathiya  and
      Wu, Su-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1064",
    pages = "611--619",
}
@inproceedings{whitney-sarkar-2012-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping via Graph Propagation",
    author = "Whitney, Max  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1065",
    pages = "620--628",
}
@inproceedings{naseem-etal-2012-selective,
    title = "Selective Sharing for Multilingual Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Naseem, Tahira  and
      Barzilay, Regina  and
      Globerson, Amir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1066",
    pages = "629--637",
}
@inproceedings{wilson-2012-creation,
    title = "The Creation of a Corpus of {E}nglish Metalanguage",
    author = "Wilson, Shomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1067",
    pages = "638--646",
}
@inproceedings{titov-klementiev-2012-crosslingual,
    title = "Crosslingual Induction of Semantic Roles",
    author = "Titov, Ivan  and
      Klementiev, Alexandre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1068",
    pages = "647--656",
}
@inproceedings{hayashi-etal-2012-head,
    title = "Head-driven Transition-based Parsing with Top-down Prediction",
    author = "Hayashi, Katsuhiko  and
      Watanabe, Taro  and
      Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1069",
    pages = "657--665",
}
@inproceedings{kanazawa-salvati-2012-mix,
    title = "{MIX} Is Not a Tree-Adjoining Language",
    author = "Kanazawa, Makoto  and
      Salvati, Sylvain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1070",
    pages = "666--674",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2012-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Multiple Treebanks for Parsing with Quasi-synchronous Grammars",
    author = "Li, Zhenghua  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Che, Wanxiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1071",
    pages = "675--684",
}
@inproceedings{yogatama-etal-2012-probabilistic,
    title = "A Probabilistic Model for Canonicalizing Named Entity Mentions",
    author = "Yogatama, Dani  and
      Sim, Yanchuan  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1072",
    pages = "685--693",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2012-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Named Entity Recognition using Parallel Data and Metadata from {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Kim, Sungchul  and
      Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Yu, Hwanjo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1073",
    pages = "694--702",
}
@inproceedings{ozbal-strapparava-2012-computational,
    title = "A Computational Approach to the Automation of Creative Naming",
    author = {{\"O}zbal, G{\"o}zde  and
      Strapparava, Carlo},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1074",
    pages = "703--711",
}
@inproceedings{yao-etal-2012-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Relation Discovery with Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Yao, Limin  and
      Riedel, Sebastian  and
      McCallum, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1075",
    pages = "712--720",
}
@inproceedings{takamatsu-etal-2012-reducing,
    title = "Reducing Wrong Labels in Distant Supervision for Relation Extraction",
    author = "Takamatsu, Shingo  and
      Sato, Issei  and
      Nakagawa, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1076",
    pages = "721--729",
}
@inproceedings{kessler-etal-2012-finding,
    title = "Finding Salient Dates for Building Thematic Timelines",
    author = "Kessler, R{\'e}my  and
      Tannier, Xavier  and
      Hag{\`e}ge, Caroline  and
      Moriceau, V{\'e}ronique  and
      Bittar, Andr{\'e}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1077",
    pages = "730--739",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2012-historical,
    title = "Historical Analysis of Legal Opinions with a Sparse Mixed-Effects Latent Variable Model",
    author = "Wang, William Yang  and
      Mayfield, Elijah  and
      Naidu, Suresh  and
      Dittmar, Jeremiah",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1078",
    pages = "740--749",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-etal-2012-topic,
    title = "A Topic Similarity Model for Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation",
    author = "Xiao, Xinyan  and
      Xiong, Deyi  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Lin, Shouxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1079",
    pages = "750--758",
}
@inproceedings{moschitti-etal-2012-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Topic Dependencies in Hierarchical Text Categorization",
    author = "Moschitti, Alessandro  and
      Ju, Qi  and
      Johansson, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1080",
    pages = "759--767",
}
@inproceedings{pitler-2012-attacking,
    title = "Attacking Parsing Bottlenecks with Unlabeled Data and Relevant Factorizations",
    author = "Pitler, Emily",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1081",
    pages = "768--776",
}
@inproceedings{mirroshandel-etal-2012-semi,
    title = "Semi-supervised Dependency Parsing using Lexical Affinities",
    author = "Mirroshandel, Seyed Abolghasem  and
      Nasr, Alexis  and
      Le Roux, Joseph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1082",
    pages = "777--785",
}
@inproceedings{yang-xue-2012-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Comma Disambiguation for Discourse Analysis",
    author = "Yang, Yaqin  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1083",
    pages = "786--794",
}
@inproceedings{markert-etal-2012-collective,
    title = "Collective Classification for Fine-grained Information Status",
    author = "Markert, Katja  and
      Hou, Yufang  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1084",
    pages = "795--804",
}
@inproceedings{mauge-etal-2012-structuring,
    title = "Structuring E-Commerce Inventory",
    author = "Mauge, Karin  and
      Rohanimanesh, Khash  and
      Ruvini, Jean-David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1085",
    pages = "805--814",
}
@inproceedings{davis-etal-2012-named,
    title = "Named Entity Disambiguation in Streaming Data",
    author = "Davis, Alexandre  and
      Veloso, Adriano  and
      Soares, Altigran  and
      Laender, Alberto  and
      Meira Jr., Wagner",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1086",
    pages = "815--824",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2012-big,
    title = "Big Data versus the Crowd: Looking for Relationships in All the Right Places",
    author = "Zhang, Ce  and
      Niu, Feng  and
      R{\'e}, Christopher  and
      Shavlik, Jude",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1087",
    pages = "825--834",
}
@inproceedings{lu-roth-2012-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Event Extraction with Structured Preference Modeling",
    author = "Lu, Wei  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1088",
    pages = "835--844",
}
@inproceedings{minkov-zettlemoyer-2012-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Learning for Joint Template Filling",
    author = "Minkov, Einat  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1089",
    pages = "845--853",
}
@inproceedings{falk-etal-2012-classifying,
    title = "Classifying {F}rench Verbs Using {F}rench and {E}nglish Lexical Resources",
    author = "Falk, Ingrid  and
      Gardent, Claire  and
      Lamirel, Jean-Charles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1090",
    pages = "854--863",
}
@inproceedings{guo-diab-2012-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Sentences in the Latent Space",
    author = "Guo, Weiwei  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1091",
    pages = "864--872",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2012-improving,
    title = "Improving Word Representations via Global Context and Multiple Word Prototypes",
    author = "Huang, Eric  and
      Socher, Richard  and
      Manning, Christopher  and
      Ng, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1092",
    pages = "873--882",
}
@inproceedings{johnson-etal-2012-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Social Information in Grounded Language Learning via Grammatical Reduction",
    author = "Johnson, Mark  and
      Demuth, Katherine  and
      Frank, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1093",
    pages = "883--891",
}
@inproceedings{danescu-niculescu-mizil-etal-2012-hello,
    title = "You Had Me at Hello: How Phrasing Affects Memorability",
    author = "Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian  and
      Cheng, Justin  and
      Kleinberg, Jon  and
      Lee, Lillian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1094",
    pages = "892--901",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-etal-2012-modeling,
    title = "Modeling the Translation of Predicate-Argument Structure for {SMT}",
    author = "Xiong, Deyi  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1095",
    pages = "902--911",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2012-ranking,
    title = "A Ranking-based Approach to Word Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Yang, Nan  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Yu, Nenghai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1096",
    pages = "912--920",
}
@inproceedings{liu-ng-2012-character,
    title = "Character-Level Machine Translation Evaluation for Languages with Ambiguous Word Boundaries",
    author = "Liu, Chang  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1097",
    pages = "921--929",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2012-port,
    title = "{PORT}: a Precision-Order-Recall {MT} Evaluation Metric for Tuning",
    author = "Chen, Boxing  and
      Kuhn, Roland  and
      Larkin, Samuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1098",
    pages = "930--939",
}
@inproceedings{razmara-etal-2012-mixing,
    title = "Mixing Multiple Translation Models in Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Razmara, Majid  and
      Foster, George  and
      Sankaran, Baskaran  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1099",
    pages = "940--949",
}
@inproceedings{feng-etal-2012-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Chunk-to-String Translation",
    author = "Feng, Yang  and
      Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1100",
    pages = "950--958",
}
@inproceedings{pauls-klein-2012-large,
    title = "Large-Scale Syntactic Language Modeling with Treelets",
    author = "Pauls, Adam  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1101",
    pages = "959--968",
}
@inproceedings{yamaguchi-tanaka-ishii-2012-text,
    title = "Text Segmentation by Language Using Minimum Description Length",
    author = "Yamaguchi, Hiroshi  and
      Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1102",
    pages = "969--978",
}
@inproceedings{he-etal-2012-improve,
    title = "Improve {SMT} Quality with Automatically Extracted Paraphrase Rules",
    author = "He, Wei  and
      Wu, Hua  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1103",
    pages = "979--987",
}
@inproceedings{guerini-etal-2012-ecological,
    title = "Ecological Evaluation of Persuasive Messages Using {G}oogle {A}d{W}ords",
    author = "Guerini, Marco  and
      Strapparava, Carlo  and
      Stock, Oliviero",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1104",
    pages = "988--996",
}
@inproceedings{dragut-etal-2012-polarity,
    title = "Polarity Consistency Checking for Sentiment Dictionaries",
    author = "Dragut, Eduard  and
      Wang, Hong  and
      Yu, Clement  and
      Sistla, Prasad  and
      Meng, Weiyi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1105",
    pages = "997--1005",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2012-combining,
    title = "Combining Coherence Models and Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics for Summarization Evaluation",
    author = "Lin, Ziheng  and
      Liu, Chang  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Kan, Min-Yen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1106",
    pages = "1006--1014",
}
@inproceedings{wubben-etal-2012-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Simplification by Monolingual Machine Translation",
    author = "Wubben, Sander  and
      van den Bosch, Antal  and
      Krahmer, Emiel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1107",
    pages = "1015--1024",
}
@inproceedings{song-etal-2012-cost,
    title = "A Cost Sensitive Part-of-Speech Tagging: Differentiating Serious Errors from Minor Errors",
    author = "Song, Hyun-Je  and
      Son, Jeong-Woo  and
      Noh, Tae-Gil  and
      Park, Seong-Bae  and
      Lee, Sang-Jo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1108",
    pages = "1025--1034",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2012-broad,
    title = "A Broad-Coverage Normalization System for Social Media Language",
    author = "Liu, Fei  and
      Weng, Fuliang  and
      Jiang, Xiao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1109",
    pages = "1035--1044",
}
@inproceedings{hatori-etal-2012-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Joint Approach to Word Segmentation, {POS} Tagging, and Dependency Parsing in {C}hinese",
    author = "Hatori, Jun  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1110",
    pages = "1045--1053",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-marcus-2012-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Deterministic Constraints: from a Constrained {E}nglish {POS} Tagger to an Efficient {ILP} Solution to {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Zhao, Qiuye  and
      Marcus, Mitch",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1111",
    pages = "1054--1062",
}
@proceedings{acl-2012-association-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    author = "Li, Haizhou  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Osborne, Miles  and
      Lee, Gary Geunbae  and
      Park, Jong C.",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2000",
}
@inproceedings{chen-kit-2012-higher,
    title = "Higher-order Constituent Parsing and Parser Combination",
    author = "Chen, Xiao  and
      Kit, Chunyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2001",
    pages = "1--5",
}
@inproceedings{tsarfaty-etal-2012-joint,
    title = "Joint Evaluation of Morphological Segmentation and Syntactic Parsing",
    author = "Tsarfaty, Reut  and
      Nivre, Joakim  and
      Andersson, Evelina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2002",
    pages = "6--10",
}
@inproceedings{che-etal-2012-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of {C}hinese Parsers for {S}tanford Dependencies",
    author = "Che, Wanxiang  and
      Spitkovsky, Valentin  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2003",
    pages = "11--16",
}
@inproceedings{golland-etal-2012-feature,
    title = "A Feature-Rich Constituent Context Model for Grammar Induction",
    author = "Golland, Dave  and
      DeNero, John  and
      Uszkoreit, Jakob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2004",
    pages = "17--22",
}
@inproceedings{cancedda-2012-private,
    title = "Private Access to Phrase Tables for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Cancedda, Nicola",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2005",
    pages = "23--27",
}
@inproceedings{wuebker-etal-2012-fast,
    title = "Fast and Scalable Decoding with Language Model Look-Ahead for Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Wuebker, Joern  and
      Ney, Hermann  and
      Zens, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2006",
    pages = "28--32",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2012-head,
    title = "Head-Driven Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation",
    author = "Li, Junhui  and
      Tu, Zhaopeng  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      van Genabith, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2007",
    pages = "33--37",
}
@inproceedings{sun-zhou-2012-joint,
    title = "Joint Learning of a Dual {SMT} System for Paraphrase Generation",
    author = "Sun, Hong  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2008",
    pages = "38--42",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-etal-2012-novel,
    title = "A Novel Burst-based Text Representation Model for Scalable Event Detection",
    author = "Zhao, Xin  and
      Chen, Rishan  and
      Fan, Kai  and
      Yan, Hongfei  and
      Li, Xiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2009",
    pages = "43--47",
}
@inproceedings{kim-lee-2012-graph,
    title = "A Graph-based Cross-lingual Projection Approach for Weakly Supervised Relation Extraction",
    author = "Kim, Seokhwan  and
      Lee, Gary Geunbae",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2010",
    pages = "48--53",
}
@inproceedings{alfonseca-etal-2012-pattern,
    title = "Pattern Learning for Relation Extraction with a Hierarchical Topic Model",
    author = "Alfonseca, Enrique  and
      Filippova, Katja  and
      Delort, Jean-Yves  and
      Garrido, Guillermo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2011",
    pages = "54--59",
}
@inproceedings{bak-etal-2012-self,
    title = "Self-Disclosure and Relationship Strength in Twitter Conversations",
    author = "Bak, JinYeong  and
      Kim, Suin  and
      Oh, Alice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2012",
    pages = "60--64",
}
@inproceedings{dasigi-etal-2012-genre,
    title = "Genre Independent Subgroup Detection in Online Discussion Threads: A Study of Implicit Attitude using Textual Latent Semantics",
    author = "Dasigi, Pradeep  and
      Guo, Weiwei  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2013",
    pages = "65--69",
}
@inproceedings{raghavan-etal-2012-learning-temporally,
    title = "Learning to Temporally Order Medical Events in Clinical Text",
    author = "Raghavan, Preethi  and
      Lai, Albert  and
      Fosler-Lussier, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2014",
    pages = "70--74",
}
@inproceedings{veale-2012-context,
    title = "A Context-sensitive, Multi-faceted Model of Lexico-Conceptual Affect",
    author = "Veale, Tony",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2015",
    pages = "75--79",
}
@inproceedings{reddy-knight-2012-decoding,
    title = "Decoding Running Key Ciphers",
    author = "Reddy, Sravana  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2016",
    pages = "80--84",
}
@inproceedings{borschinger-johnson-2012-using,
    title = "Using Rejuvenation to Improve Particle Filtering for {B}ayesian Word Segmentation",
    author = {B{\"o}rschinger, Benjamin  and
      Johnson, Mark},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2017",
    pages = "85--89",
}
@inproceedings{wang-manning-2012-baselines,
    title = "Baselines and Bigrams: Simple, Good Sentiment and Topic Classification",
    author = "Wang, Sida  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2018",
    pages = "90--94",
}
@inproceedings{sahakian-snyder-2012-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Learning Measures of Child Language Development",
    author = "Sahakian, Sam  and
      Snyder, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2019",
    pages = "95--99",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2012-comparative,
    title = "A Comparative Study of Target Dependency Structures for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Wu, Xianchao  and
      Sudoh, Katsuhito  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Tsukada, Hajime  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2020",
    pages = "100--104",
}
@inproceedings{kummerfeld-etal-2012-robust,
    title = "Robust Conversion of {CCG} Derivations to Phrase Structure Trees",
    author = "Kummerfeld, Jonathan K.  and
      Klein, Dan  and
      Curran, James R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2021",
    pages = "105--109",
}
@inproceedings{yamangil-shieber-2012-estimating,
    title = "Estimating Compact Yet Rich Tree Insertion Grammars",
    author = "Yamangil, Elif  and
      Shieber, Stuart",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2022",
    pages = "110--114",
}
@inproceedings{eidelman-etal-2012-topic,
    title = "Topic Models for Dynamic Translation Model Adaptation",
    author = "Eidelman, Vladimir  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Resnik, Philip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2023",
    pages = "115--119",
}
@inproceedings{mehdad-etal-2012-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Semantic Equivalence and Information Disparity in Cross-lingual Documents",
    author = "Mehdad, Yashar  and
      Negri, Matteo  and
      Federico, Marcello",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2024",
    pages = "120--124",
}
@inproceedings{frermann-bond-2012-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Parse Disambiguation based on Semantic Correspondence",
    author = "Frermann, Lea  and
      Bond, Francis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2025",
    pages = "125--129",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2012-learning,
    title = "Learning to Find Translations and Transliterations on the Web",
    author = "Chang, Joseph Z.  and
      Chang, Jason S.  and
      Jang, Roger Jyh-Shing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2026",
    pages = "130--134",
}
@inproceedings{garley-hockenmaier-2012-beefmoves,
    title = "{B}eefmoves: Dissemination, Diversity, and Dynamics of {E}nglish Borrowings in a {G}erman Hip Hop Forum",
    author = "Garley, Matt  and
      Hockenmaier, Julia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2027",
    pages = "135--139",
}
@inproceedings{guo-diab-2012-learning,
    title = "Learning the Latent Semantics of a Concept from its Definition",
    author = "Guo, Weiwei  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2028",
    pages = "140--144",
}
@inproceedings{garg-henderson-2012-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Semantic Role Induction with Global Role Ordering",
    author = "Garg, Nikhil  and
      Henderson, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2029",
    pages = "145--149",
}
@inproceedings{labutov-lipson-2012-humor,
    title = "Humor as Circuits in Semantic Networks",
    author = "Labutov, Igor  and
      Lipson, Hod",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2030",
    pages = "150--155",
}
@inproceedings{zeichner-etal-2012-crowdsourcing,
    title = "Crowdsourcing Inference-Rule Evaluation",
    author = "Zeichner, Naomi  and
      Berant, Jonathan  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2031",
    pages = "156--160",
}
@inproceedings{agarwal-etal-2012-comprehensive,
    title = "A Comprehensive Gold Standard for the {E}nron Organizational Hierarchy",
    author = "Agarwal, Apoorv  and
      Omuya, Adinoyi  and
      Harnly, Aaron  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2032",
    pages = "161--165",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2012-two,
    title = "A Two-step Approach to Sentence Compression of Spoken Utterances",
    author = "Wang, Dong  and
      Qian, Xian  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2033",
    pages = "166--170",
}
@inproceedings{feng-etal-2012-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Stylometry for Deception Detection",
    author = "Feng, Song  and
      Banerjee, Ritwik  and
      Choi, Yejin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2034",
    pages = "171--175",
}
@inproceedings{mohamed-etal-2012-transforming,
    title = "Transforming Standard {A}rabic to Colloquial {A}rabic",
    author = "Mohamed, Emad  and
      Mohit, Behrang  and
      Oflazer, Kemal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2035",
    pages = "176--180",
}
@inproceedings{benotti-etal-2012-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-based Interpretation of Instructions in Virtual Environments",
    author = "Benotti, Luciana  and
      Villalba, Mart{\'\i}n  and
      Lau, Tessa  and
      Cerruti, Juli{\'a}n",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2036",
    pages = "181--186",
}
@inproceedings{xue-etal-2012-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Mining Question Reformulation Patterns from Search Log Data",
    author = "Xue, Xiaobing  and
      Tao, Yu  and
      Jiang, Daxin  and
      Li, Hang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2037",
    pages = "187--192",
}
@inproceedings{swanson-charniak-2012-native,
    title = "Native Language Detection with Tree Substitution Grammars",
    author = "Swanson, Benjamin  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2038",
    pages = "193--197",
}
@inproceedings{tajiri-etal-2012-tense,
    title = "Tense and Aspect Error Correction for {ESL} Learners Using Global Context",
    author = "Tajiri, Toshikazu  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2039",
    pages = "198--202",
}
@inproceedings{banchs-2012-movie,
    title = "Movie-{D}i{C}: a Movie Dialogue Corpus for Research and Development",
    author = "Banchs, Rafael E.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2040",
    pages = "203--207",
}
@inproceedings{cabrio-villata-2012-combining,
    title = "Combining Textual Entailment and Argumentation Theory for Supporting Online Debates Interactions",
    author = "Cabrio, Elena  and
      Villata, Serena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2041",
    pages = "208--212",
}
@inproceedings{chiarcos-2012-towards,
    title = "Towards the Unsupervised Acquisition of Discourse Relations",
    author = "Chiarcos, Christian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2042",
    pages = "213--217",
}
@inproceedings{darwish-ali-2012-arabic,
    title = "{A}rabic Retrieval Revisited: Morphological Hole Filling",
    author = "Darwish, Kareem  and
      Ali, Ahmed",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2043",
    pages = "218--222",
}
@inproceedings{williams-katz-2012-extracting,
    title = "Extracting and modeling durations for habits and events from Twitter",
    author = "Williams, Jennifer  and
      Katz, Graham",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2044",
    pages = "223--227",
}
@inproceedings{nothman-etal-2012-event,
    title = "Event Linking: Grounding Event Reference in a News Archive",
    author = "Nothman, Joel  and
      Honnibal, Matthew  and
      Hachey, Ben  and
      Curran, James R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2045",
    pages = "228--232",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2012-coupling,
    title = "Coupling Label Propagation and Constraints for Temporal Fact Extraction",
    author = "Wang, Yafang  and
      Dylla, Maximilian  and
      Spaniol, Marc  and
      Weikum, Gerhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2046",
    pages = "233--237",
}
@inproceedings{ganchev-etal-2012-using,
    title = "Using Search-Logs to Improve Query Tagging",
    author = "Ganchev, Kuzman  and
      Hall, Keith  and
      McDonald, Ryan  and
      Petrov, Slav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2047",
    pages = "238--242",
}
@inproceedings{tyndall-2012-toward,
    title = "Toward Automatically Assembling {H}ittite-Language Cuneiform Tablet Fragments into Larger Texts",
    author = "Tyndall, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2048",
    pages = "243--247",
}
@inproceedings{lee-webster-2012-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus of Textual Revisions in Second Language Writing",
    author = "Lee, John  and
      Webster, Jonathan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2049",
    pages = "248--252",
}
@inproceedings{schneider-etal-2012-coarse,
    title = "Coarse Lexical Semantic Annotation with Supersenses: An {A}rabic Case Study",
    author = "Schneider, Nathan  and
      Mohit, Behrang  and
      Oflazer, Kemal  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2050",
    pages = "253--258",
}
@inproceedings{mihalcea-nastase-2012-word,
    title = "Word Epoch Disambiguation: Finding How Words Change Over Time",
    author = "Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Nastase, Vivi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2051",
    pages = "259--263",
}
@inproceedings{seroussi-etal-2012-authorship,
    title = "Authorship Attribution with Author-aware Topic Models",
    author = "Seroussi, Yanir  and
      Bohnert, Fabian  and
      Zukerman, Ingrid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2052",
    pages = "264--269",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2012-information,
    title = "Information-theoretic Multi-view Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Yang, Pei  and
      Gao, Wei  and
      Tan, Qi  and
      Wong, Kam-Fai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2053",
    pages = "270--274",
}
@inproceedings{hu-boyd-graber-2012-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Tree-Based Topic Modeling",
    author = "Hu, Yuening  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2054",
    pages = "275--279",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2012-learning,
    title = "Learning Better Rule Extraction with Translation Span Alignment",
    author = "Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Xiao, Tong  and
      Zhang, Chunliang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2055",
    pages = "280--284",
}
@inproceedings{xi-etal-2012-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing Statistical Machine Translation with Character Alignment",
    author = "Xi, Ning  and
      Tang, Guangchao  and
      Dai, Xinyu  and
      Huang, Shujian  and
      Chen, Jiajun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2056",
    pages = "285--290",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2012-translation,
    title = "Translation Model Size Reduction for Hierarchical Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Lee, Seung-Wook  and
      Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2057",
    pages = "291--295",
}
@inproceedings{gesmundo-etal-2012-heuristic,
    title = "Heuristic Cube Pruning in Linear Time",
    author = "Gesmundo, Andrea  and
      Satta, Giorgio  and
      Henderson, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2058",
    pages = "296--300",
}
@inproceedings{nakov-tiedemann-2012-combining,
    title = "Combining Word-Level and Character-Level Models for Machine Translation Between Closely-Related Languages",
    author = {Nakov, Preslav  and
      Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2059",
    pages = "301--305",
}
@inproceedings{riley-gildea-2012-improving,
    title = "Improving the {IBM} Alignment Models Using Variational {B}ayes",
    author = "Riley, Darcey  and
      Gildea, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2060",
    pages = "306--310",
}
@inproceedings{goto-etal-2012-post,
    title = "Post-ordering by Parsing for {J}apanese-{E}nglish Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Goto, Isao  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2061",
    pages = "311--316",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-chiang-2012-exploration,
    title = "An Exploration of Forest-to-String Translation: Does Translation Help or Hurt Parsing?",
    author = "Zhang, Hui  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2062",
    pages = "317--321",
}
@inproceedings{stallard-etal-2012-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Morphology Rivals Supervised Morphology for {A}rabic {MT}",
    author = "Stallard, David  and
      Devlin, Jacob  and
      Kayser, Michael  and
      Lee, Yoong Keok  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2063",
    pages = "322--327",
}
@inproceedings{seo-etal-2012-meta,
    title = "A Meta Learning Approach to Grammatical Error Correction",
    author = "Seo, Hongsuck  and
      Lee, Jonghoon  and
      Kim, Seokhwan  and
      Lee, Kyusong  and
      Kang, Sechun  and
      Lee, Gary Geunbae",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2064",
    pages = "328--332",
}
@inproceedings{fang-huang-2012-fine,
    title = "Fine Granular Aspect Analysis using Latent Structural Models",
    author = "Fang, Lei  and
      Huang, Minlie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2065",
    pages = "333--337",
}
@inproceedings{tu-etal-2012-identifying,
    title = "Identifying High-Impact Sub-Structures for Convolution Kernels in Document-level Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Tu, Zhaopeng  and
      He, Yifan  and
      Foster, Jennifer  and
      van Genabith, Josef  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Lin, Shouxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2066",
    pages = "338--343",
}
@inproceedings{kuo-etal-2012-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Latent Information to Predict Diffusions of Novel Topics on Social Networks",
    author = "Kuo, Tsung-Ting  and
      Hung, San-Chuan  and
      Lin, Wei-Shih  and
      Peng, Nanyun  and
      Lin, Shou-De  and
      Lin, Wei-Fen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2067",
    pages = "344--348",
}
@inproceedings{yoshikawa-etal-2012-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Compression with Semantic Role Constraints",
    author = "Yoshikawa, Katsumasa  and
      Iida, Ryu  and
      Hirao, Tsutomu  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2068",
    pages = "349--353",
}
@inproceedings{genest-lapalme-2012-fully,
    title = "Fully Abstractive Approach to Guided Summarization",
    author = "Genest, Pierre-Etienne  and
      Lapalme, Guy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2069",
    pages = "354--358",
}
@inproceedings{owczarzak-etal-2012-assessing,
    title = "Assessing the Effect of Inconsistent Assessors on Summarization Evaluation",
    author = "Owczarzak, Karolina  and
      Rankel, Peter A.  and
      Dang, Hoa Trang  and
      Conroy, John M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2070",
    pages = "359--362",
}
@inproceedings{choi-palmer-2012-fast,
    title = "Fast and Robust Part-of-Speech Tagging Using Dynamic Model Selection",
    author = "Choi, Jinho D.  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2071",
    pages = "363--367",
}
@inproceedings{gesmundo-samardzic-2012-lemmatisation,
    title = "Lemmatisation as a Tagging Task",
    author = "Gesmundo, Andrea  and
      Samard{\v{z}}i{\'c}, Tanja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2072",
    pages = "368--372",
}
@inproceedings{baba-suzuki-2012-spelling,
    title = "How Are Spelling Errors Generated and Corrected? A Study of Corrected and Uncorrected Spelling Errors Using Keystroke Logs",
    author = "Baba, Yukino  and
      Suzuki, Hisami",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2073",
    pages = "373--377",
}
@inproceedings{dridan-oepen-2012-tokenization,
    title = "{T}okenization: Returning to a Long Solved Problem {---} A Survey, Contrastive Experiment, Recommendations, and Toolkit {---}",
    author = "Dridan, Rebecca  and
      Oepen, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2074",
    pages = "378--382",
}
@inproceedings{magistry-sagot-2012-unsupervized,
    title = "Unsupervized Word Segmentation: the Case for {M}andarin {C}hinese",
    author = "Magistry, Pierre  and
      Sagot, Beno{\^\i}t",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2075",
    pages = "383--387",
}
@inproceedings{imamura-etal-2012-grammar,
    title = "Grammar Error Correction Using Pseudo-Error Sentences and Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Imamura, Kenji  and
      Saito, Kuniko  and
      Sadamitsu, Kugatsu  and
      Nishikawa, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2076",
    pages = "388--392",
}
@proceedings{acl-2012-acl,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    author = "Zhang, Min",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3000",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2012-applications,
    title = "Applications of {GPC} Rules and Character Structures in Games for Learning {C}hinese Characters",
    author = "Huang, Wei-Jie  and
      Chou, Chia-Ru  and
      Tzeng, Yu-Lin  and
      Lee, Chia-Ying  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{veale-li-2012-specifying,
    title = "Specifying Viewpoint and Information Need with Affective Metaphors: A System Demonstration of the Metaphor-Magnet Web App/Service",
    author = "Veale, Tony  and
      Li, Guofu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2012-quickview,
    title = "{Q}uick{V}iew: {NLP}-based Tweet Search",
    author = "Liu, Xiaohua  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Microsoft, QuickView Team",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-etal-2012-niutrans,
    title = "{N}iu{T}rans: An Open Source Toolkit for Phrase-based and Syntax-based Machine Translation",
    author = "Xiao, Tong  and
      Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Zhang, Hao  and
      Li, Qiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{lui-baldwin-2012-langid,
    title = "langid.py: An Off-the-shelf Language Identification Tool",
    author = "Lui, Marco  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3005",
    pages = "25--30",
}
@inproceedings{aw-lee-2012-personalized,
    title = "Personalized Normalization for a Multilingual Chat System",
    author = "Aw, Ai Ti  and
      Lee, Lian Hau",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3006",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{banchs-li-2012-iris,
    title = "{IRIS}: a Chat-oriented Dialogue System based on the Vector Space Model",
    author = "Banchs, Rafael E.  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3007",
    pages = "37--42",
}
@inproceedings{vasiljevs-etal-2012-letsmt,
    title = "{L}ets{MT}!: Cloud-Based Platform for Do-It-Yourself Machine Translation",
    author = {Vasi{\c{l}}jevs, Andrejs  and
      Skadi{\c{n}}{\v{s}}, Raivis  and
      Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3008",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{janarthanam-etal-2012-web,
    title = "A Web-based Evaluation Framework for Spatial Instruction-Giving Systems",
    author = "Janarthanam, Srinivasan  and
      Lemon, Oliver  and
      Liu, Xingkun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{bai-etal-2012-domcat,
    title = "{DOMCAT}: A Bilingual Concordancer for Domain-Specific Computer Assisted Translation",
    author = "Bai, Ming-Hong  and
      Hsieh, Yu-Ming  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{roark-etal-2012-opengrm,
    title = "The {O}pen{G}rm open-source finite-state grammar software libraries",
    author = "Roark, Brian  and
      Sproat, Richard  and
      Allauzen, Cyril  and
      Riley, Michael  and
      Sorensen, Jeffrey  and
      Tai, Terry",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3011",
    pages = "61--66",
}
@inproceedings{navigli-ponzetto-2012-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual {WSD} with Just a Few Lines of Code: the {B}abel{N}et {API}",
    author = "Navigli, Roberto  and
      Ponzetto, Simone Paolo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3012",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@inproceedings{stern-dagan-2012-biutee,
    title = "{BIUTEE}: A Modular Open-Source System for Recognizing Textual Entailment",
    author = "Stern, Asher  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3013",
    pages = "73--78",
}
@inproceedings{adler-etal-2012-entailment,
    title = "Entailment-based Text Exploration with Application to the Health-care Domain",
    author = "Adler, Meni  and
      Berant, Jonathan  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3014",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{eckart-de-castilho-etal-2012-csniper,
    title = "{CSNIPER} - Annotation-by-query for Non-canonical Constructions in Large Corpora",
    author = "Eckart de Castilho, Richard  and
      Bartsch, Sabine  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3015",
    pages = "85--90",
}
@inproceedings{pinnis-etal-2012-accurat,
    title = "{ACCURAT} Toolkit for Multi-Level Alignment and Information Extraction from Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Pinnis, M{\=a}rcis  and
      Ion, Radu  and
      {\c{S}}tef{\u{a}}nescu, Dan  and
      Su, Fangzhong  and
      Skadi{\c{n}}a, Inguna  and
      Vasi{\c{l}}jevs, Andrejs  and
      Babych, Bogdan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3016",
    pages = "91--96",
}
@inproceedings{ku-etal-2012-demonstration,
    title = "Demonstration of {I}llu{M}e: Creating Ambient According to Instant Message Logs",
    author = "Ku, Lun-Wei  and
      Sun, Cheng-Wei  and
      Hsueh, Ya-Hsin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3017",
    pages = "97--102",
}
@inproceedings{baumann-schlangen-2012-inpro,
    title = "{INPRO}{\_}i{SS}: A Component for Just-In-Time Incremental Speech Synthesis",
    author = "Baumann, Timo  and
      Schlangen, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3018",
    pages = "103--108",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2012-wizie,
    title = "{W}iz{IE}: A Best Practices Guided Development Environment for Information Extraction",
    author = "Li, Yunyao  and
      Chiticariu, Laura  and
      Yang, Huahai  and
      Reiss, Frederick  and
      Carreno-fuentes, Arnaldo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3019",
    pages = "109--114",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2012-system,
    title = "A System for Real-time Twitter Sentiment Analysis of 2012 {U}.{S}. Presidential Election Cycle",
    author = "Wang, Hao  and
      Can, Dogan  and
      Kazemzadeh, Abe  and
      Bar, Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Narayanan, Shrikanth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3020",
    pages = "115--120",
}
@inproceedings{rak-etal-2012-building,
    title = "Building Trainable Taggers in a Web-based, {UIMA}-Supported {NLP} Workbench",
    author = "Rak, Rafal  and
      Kolluru, BalaKrishna  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3021",
    pages = "121--126",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2012-akamon,
    title = "{A}kamon: An Open Source Toolkit for Tree/Forest-Based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Wu, Xianchao  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3022",
    pages = "127--132",
}
@inproceedings{abu-jbara-radev-2012-subgroup,
    title = "Subgroup Detector: A System for Detecting Subgroups in Online Discussions",
    author = "Abu-Jbara, Amjad  and
      Radev, Dragomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3023",
    pages = "133--138",
}
@inproceedings{gonzalez-etal-2012-graphical,
    title = "A Graphical Interface for {MT} Evaluation and Error Analysis",
    author = "Gonz{\`a}lez, Meritxell  and
      Gim{\'e}nez, Jes{\'u}s  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3024",
    pages = "139--144",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2012-online,
    title = "Online Plagiarized Detection Through Exploiting Lexical, Syntax, and Semantic Information",
    author = "Lin, Wan-Yu  and
      Peng, Nanyun  and
      Yen, Chun-Chao  and
      Lin, Shou-de",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3025",
    pages = "145--150",
}
@inproceedings{de-melo-weikum-2012-uwn,
    title = "{UWN}: A Large Multilingual Lexical Knowledge Base",
    author = "de Melo, Gerard  and
      Weikum, Gerhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3026",
    pages = "151--156",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2012-flow,
    title = "{FLOW}: A First-Language-Oriented Writing Assistant System",
    author = "Chen, Mei-Hua  and
      Huang, Shih-Ting  and
      Hsieh, Hung-Ting  and
      Kao, Ting-Hui  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3027",
    pages = "157--162",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-etal-2012-social,
    title = "Social Event Radar: A Bilingual Context Mining and Sentiment Analysis Summarization System",
    author = "Hsieh, Wen-Tai  and
      Wu, Chen-Ming  and
      Ku, Tsun  and
      Chou, Seng-cho T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3028",
    pages = "163--168",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2012-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Annotations for the {G}oogle Books {NG}ram Corpus",
    author = "Lin, Yuri  and
      Michel, Jean-Baptiste  and
      Aiden Lieberman, Erez  and
      Orwant, Jon  and
      Brockman, Will  and
      Petrov, Slav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2012 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-3029",
    pages = "169--174",
}
@proceedings{acl-2012-association-linguistics-tutorial,
    title = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    author = "Strube, Michael",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-4000",
}
@inproceedings{mani-pustejovsky-2012-qualitative,
    title = "Qualitative Modeling of Spatial Prepositions and Motion Expressions",
    author = "Mani, Inderjeet  and
      Pustejovsky, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-4001",
    pages = "1",
}
@inproceedings{moschitti-2012-state,
    title = "State-of-the-Art Kernels for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-4002",
    pages = "2",
}
@inproceedings{xing-2012-topic,
    title = "Topic Models, Latent Space Models, Sparse Coding, and All That: A Systematic Understanding of Probabilistic Semantic Extraction in Large Corpus",
    author = "Xing, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-4003",
    pages = "3",
}
@inproceedings{mihalcea-etal-2012-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Subjectivity and Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Banea, Carmen  and
      Wiebe, Janyce",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-4004",
    pages = "4",
}
@inproceedings{socher-etal-2012-deep,
    title = "Deep Learning for {NLP} (without Magic)",
    author = "Socher, Richard  and
      Bengio, Yoshua  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-4005",
    pages = "5",
}
@inproceedings{subramanya-talukdar-2012-graph,
    title = "Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning Algorithms for {NLP}",
    author = "Subramanya, Amar  and
      Talukdar, Partha Pratim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Jeju Island, Korea",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-4006",
    pages = "6",
}
@proceedings{acl-2013-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    author = "Schuetze, Hinrich  and
      Fung, Pascale  and
      Poesio, Massimo",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1000",
}
@inproceedings{liu-2013-shift,
    title = "A Shift-Reduce Parsing Algorithm for Phrase-based String-to-Dependency Translation",
    author = "Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1001",
    pages = "1--10",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Translation Memory into Phrase-Based Machine Translation during Decoding",
    author = "Wang, Kun  and
      Zong, Chengqing  and
      Su, Keh-Yih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1002",
    pages = "11--21",
}
@inproceedings{schoenemann-2013-training,
    title = "Training Nondeficient Variants of {IBM}-3 and {IBM}-4 for Word Alignment",
    author = "Schoenemann, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1003",
    pages = "22--31",
}
@inproceedings{cohn-specia-2013-modelling,
    title = "Modelling Annotator Bias with Multi-task {G}aussian Processes: An Application to Machine Translation Quality Estimation",
    author = "Cohn, Trevor  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1004",
    pages = "32--42",
}
@inproceedings{roark-etal-2013-smoothed,
    title = "Smoothed marginal distribution constraints for language modeling",
    author = "Roark, Brian  and
      Allauzen, Cyril  and
      Riley, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1005",
    pages = "43--52",
}
@inproceedings{yu-siskind-2013-grounded,
    title = "Grounded Language Learning from Video Described with Sentences",
    author = "Yu, Haonan  and
      Siskind, Jeffrey Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1006",
    pages = "53--63",
}
@inproceedings{manshadi-etal-2013-plurality,
    title = "Plurality, Negation, and Quantification:Towards Comprehensive Quantifier Scope Disambiguation",
    author = "Manshadi, Mehdi  and
      Gildea, Daniel  and
      Allen, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1007",
    pages = "64--72",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-joint,
    title = "Joint Event Extraction via Structured Prediction with Global Features",
    author = "Li, Qi  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Huang, Liang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1008",
    pages = "73--82",
}
@inproceedings{angeli-uszkoreit-2013-language,
    title = "Language-Independent Discriminative Parsing of Temporal Expressions",
    author = "Angeli, Gabor  and
      Uszkoreit, Jakob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1009",
    pages = "83--92",
}
@inproceedings{guinaudeau-strube-2013-graph,
    title = "Graph-based Local Coherence Modeling",
    author = "Guinaudeau, Camille  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1010",
    pages = "93--103",
}
@inproceedings{mayfield-etal-2013-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing Rare Social Phenomena in Conversation: Empowerment Detection in Support Group Chatrooms",
    author = "Mayfield, Elijah  and
      Adamson, David  and
      Penstein Ros{\'e}, Carolyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1011",
    pages = "104--113",
}
@inproceedings{durrett-etal-2013-decentralized,
    title = "Decentralized Entity-Level Modeling for Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Durrett, Greg  and
      Hall, David  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1012",
    pages = "114--124",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Parsing Exploiting Characters",
    author = "Zhang, Meishan  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1013",
    pages = "125--134",
}
@inproceedings{sartorio-etal-2013-transition,
    title = "A Transition-Based Dependency Parser Using a Dynamic Parsing Strategy",
    author = "Sartorio, Francesco  and
      Satta, Giorgio  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1014",
    pages = "135--144",
}
@inproceedings{buchse-etal-2013-general,
    title = "General binarization for parsing and translation",
    author = {B{\"u}chse, Matthias  and
      Koller, Alexander  and
      Vogler, Heiko},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1015",
    pages = "145--154",
}
@inproceedings{goto-etal-2013-distortion,
    title = "Distortion Model Considering Rich Context for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Goto, Isao  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Tamura, Akihiro  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1016",
    pages = "155--165",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2013-word,
    title = "Word Alignment Modeling with Context Dependent Deep Neural Network",
    author = "Yang, Nan  and
      Liu, Shujie  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Yu, Nenghai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1017",
    pages = "166--175",
}
@inproceedings{ling-etal-2013-microblogs,
    title = "Microblogs as Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Ling, Wang  and
      Xiang, Guang  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      Black, Alan  and
      Trancoso, Isabel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1018",
    pages = "176--186",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2013-improved,
    title = "Improved {B}ayesian Logistic Supervised Topic Models with Data Augmentation",
    author = "Zhu, Jun  and
      Zheng, Xun  and
      Zhang, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1019",
    pages = "187--195",
}
@inproceedings{almeida-martins-2013-fast,
    title = "Fast and Robust Compressive Summarization with Dual Decomposition and Multi-Task Learning",
    author = "Almeida, Miguel  and
      Martins, Andr{\'e}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1020",
    pages = "196--206",
}
@inproceedings{berg-kirkpatrick-etal-2013-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Transcription of Historical Documents",
    author = "Berg-Kirkpatrick, Taylor  and
      Durrett, Greg  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1021",
    pages = "207--217",
}
@inproceedings{kim-mooney-2013-adapting,
    title = "Adapting Discriminative Reranking to Grounded Language Learning",
    author = "Kim, Joohyun  and
      Mooney, Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1022",
    pages = "218--227",
}
@inproceedings{abend-rappoport-2013-universal,
    title = "Universal Conceptual Cognitive Annotation ({UCCA})",
    author = "Abend, Omri  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1023",
    pages = "228--238",
}
@inproceedings{guo-etal-2013-linking,
    title = "Linking Tweets to News: A Framework to Enrich Short Text Data in Social Media",
    author = "Guo, Weiwei  and
      Li, Hao  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1024",
    pages = "239--249",
}
@inproceedings{danescu-niculescu-mizil-etal-2013-computational,
    title = "A computational approach to politeness with application to social factors",
    author = "Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian  and
      Sudhof, Moritz  and
      Jurafsky, Dan  and
      Leskovec, Jure  and
      Potts, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1025",
    pages = "250--259",
}
@inproceedings{persing-ng-2013-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Thesis Clarity in Student Essays",
    author = "Persing, Isaac  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1026",
    pages = "260--269",
}
@inproceedings{lugaresi-di-eugenio-2013-translating,
    title = "Translating {I}talian connectives into {I}talian Sign Language",
    author = "Lugaresi, Camillo  and
      Di Eugenio, Barbara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1027",
    pages = "270--280",
}
@inproceedings{marecek-straka-2013-stop,
    title = "Stop-probability estimates computed on a large corpus improve Unsupervised Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Mare{\v{c}}ek, David  and
      Straka, Milan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1028",
    pages = "281--290",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-transfer,
    title = "Transfer Learning for Constituency-Based Grammars",
    author = "Zhang, Yuan  and
      Barzilay, Regina  and
      Globerson, Amir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1029",
    pages = "291--301",
}
@inproceedings{swanson-etal-2013-context,
    title = "A Context Free {TAG} Variant",
    author = "Swanson, Ben  and
      Yamangil, Elif  and
      Charniak, Eugene  and
      Shieber, Stuart",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1030",
    pages = "302--310",
}
@inproceedings{green-etal-2013-fast,
    title = "Fast and Adaptive Online Training of Feature-Rich Translation Models",
    author = "Green, Spence  and
      Wang, Sida  and
      Cer, Daniel  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1031",
    pages = "311--321",
}
@inproceedings{feng-etal-2013-advancements,
    title = "Advancements in Reordering Models for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Feng, Minwei  and
      Peter, Jan-Thorsten  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1032",
    pages = "322--332",
}
@inproceedings{feng-cohn-2013-markov,
    title = "A {M}arkov Model of Machine Translation using Non-parametric {B}ayesian Inference",
    author = "Feng, Yang  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1033",
    pages = "333--342",
}
@inproceedings{lucas-downey-2013-scaling,
    title = "Scaling Semi-supervised Naive {B}ayes with Feature Marginals",
    author = "Lucas, Michael  and
      Downey, Doug",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1034",
    pages = "343--351",
}
@inproceedings{bamman-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning Latent Personas of Film Characters",
    author = "Bamman, David  and
      O{'}Connor, Brendan  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1035",
    pages = "352--361",
}
@inproceedings{ravi-2013-scalable,
    title = "Scalable Decipherment for Machine Translation via Hash Sampling",
    author = "Ravi, Sujith",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1036",
    pages = "362--371",
}
@inproceedings{tratz-hovy-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Interpretation of the {E}nglish Possessive",
    author = "Tratz, Stephen  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1037",
    pages = "372--381",
}
@inproceedings{narisawa-etal-2013-204,
    title = "Is a 204 cm Man Tall or Small ? Acquisition of Numerical Common Sense from the Web",
    author = "Narisawa, Katsuma  and
      Watanabe, Yotaro  and
      Mizuno, Junta  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1038",
    pages = "382--391",
}
@inproceedings{cheung-penn-2013-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Domain Modelling With Contextualized Distributional Semantic Vectors",
    author = "Cheung, Jackie Chi Kit  and
      Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1039",
    pages = "392--401",
}
@inproceedings{aker-etal-2013-extracting,
    title = "Extracting bilingual terminologies from comparable corpora",
    author = "Aker, Ahmet  and
      Paramita, Monica  and
      Gaizauskas, Rob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1040",
    pages = "402--411",
}
@inproceedings{popat-etal-2013-haves,
    title = "The Haves and the Have-Nots: Leveraging Unlabelled Corpora for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Popat, Kashyap  and
      A.R, Balamurali  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Haffari, Gholamreza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1041",
    pages = "412--422",
}
@inproceedings{cai-yates-2013-large,
    title = "Large-scale Semantic Parsing via Schema Matching and Lexicon Extension",
    author = "Cai, Qingqing  and
      Yates, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1042",
    pages = "423--433",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2013-fast,
    title = "Fast and Accurate Shift-Reduce Constituent Parsing",
    author = "Zhu, Muhua  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Chen, Wenliang  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Zhu, Jingbo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1043",
    pages = "434--443",
}
@inproceedings{gormley-eisner-2013-nonconvex,
    title = "Nonconvex Global Optimization for Latent-Variable Models",
    author = "Gormley, Matthew R.  and
      Eisner, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1044",
    pages = "444--454",
}
@inproceedings{socher-etal-2013-parsing,
    title = "Parsing with Compositional Vector Grammars",
    author = "Socher, Richard  and
      Bauer, John  and
      Manning, Christopher D.  and
      Ng, Andrew Y.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1045",
    pages = "455--465",
}
@inproceedings{metallinou-etal-2013-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative state tracking for spoken dialog systems",
    author = "Metallinou, Angeliki  and
      Bohus, Dan  and
      Williams, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1046",
    pages = "466--475",
}
@inproceedings{lan-etal-2013-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Synthetic Discourse Data via Multi-task Learning for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition",
    author = "Lan, Man  and
      Xu, Yu  and
      Niu, Zhengyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1047",
    pages = "476--485",
}
@inproceedings{joty-etal-2013-combining,
    title = "Combining Intra- and Multi-sentential Rhetorical Parsing for Document-level Discourse Analysis",
    author = "Joty, Shafiq  and
      Carenini, Giuseppe  and
      Ng, Raymond  and
      Mehdad, Yashar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1048",
    pages = "486--496",
}
@inproceedings{lassalle-denis-2013-improving,
    title = "Improving pairwise coreference models through feature space hierarchy learning",
    author = "Lassalle, Emmanuel  and
      Denis, Pascal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1049",
    pages = "497--506",
}
@inproceedings{maxwell-etal-2013-feature,
    title = "Feature-Based Selection of Dependency Paths in Ad Hoc Information Retrieval",
    author = "Maxwell, K. Tamsin  and
      Oberlander, Jon  and
      Croft, W. Bruce",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1050",
    pages = "507--516",
}
@inproceedings{popel-etal-2013-coordination,
    title = "Coordination Structures in Dependency Treebanks",
    author = "Popel, Martin  and
      Mare{\v{c}}ek, David  and
      {\v{S}}t{\v{e}}p{\'a}nek, Jan  and
      Zeman, Daniel  and
      {\v{Z}}abokrtsk{\'y}, Zden{\v{e}}k",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1051",
    pages = "517--527",
}
@inproceedings{de-benedictis-etal-2013-glossboot,
    title = "{G}loss{B}oot: Bootstrapping Multilingual Domain Glossaries from the Web",
    author = "De Benedictis, Flavio  and
      Faralli, Stefano  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1052",
    pages = "528--538",
}
@inproceedings{endriss-fernandez-2013-collective,
    title = "Collective Annotation of Linguistic Resources: Basic Principles and a Formal Model",
    author = "Endriss, Ulle  and
      Fern{\'a}ndez, Raquel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1053",
    pages = "539--549",
}
@inproceedings{sulger-etal-2013-pargrambank,
    title = "{P}ar{G}ram{B}ank: The {P}ar{G}ram Parallel Treebank",
    author = {Sulger, Sebastian  and
      Butt, Miriam  and
      King, Tracy Holloway  and
      Meurer, Paul  and
      Laczk{\'o}, Tibor  and
      R{\'a}kosi, Gy{\"o}rgy  and
      Dione, Cheikh Bamba  and
      Dyvik, Helge  and
      Ros{\'e}n, Victoria  and
      De Smedt, Koenraad  and
      Patejuk, Agnieszka  and
      {\c{C}}etino{\u{g}}lu, {\"O}zlem  and
      Arka, I Wayan  and
      Mistica, Meladel},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1054",
    pages = "550--560",
}
@inproceedings{ferret-2013-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Bad Semantic Neighbors for Improving Distributional Thesauri",
    author = "Ferret, Olivier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1055",
    pages = "561--571",
}
@inproceedings{silberer-etal-2013-models,
    title = "Models of Semantic Representation with Visual Attributes",
    author = "Silberer, Carina  and
      Ferrari, Vittorio  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1056",
    pages = "572--582",
}
@inproceedings{garrette-etal-2013-real,
    title = "Real-World Semi-Supervised Learning of {POS}-Taggers for Low-Resource Languages",
    author = "Garrette, Dan  and
      Mielens, Jason  and
      Baldridge, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1057",
    pages = "583--592",
}
@inproceedings{weller-etal-2013-using,
    title = "Using subcategorization knowledge to improve case prediction for translation to {G}erman",
    author = "Weller, Marion  and
      Fraser, Alexander  and
      Schulte im Walde, Sabine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1058",
    pages = "593--603",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-name,
    title = "Name-aware Machine Translation",
    author = "Li, Haibo  and
      Zheng, Jing  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Li, Qi  and
      Wang, Wen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1059",
    pages = "604--614",
}
@inproceedings{nuhn-ney-2013-decipherment,
    title = "Decipherment Complexity in 1:1 Substitution Ciphers",
    author = "Nuhn, Malte  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1060",
    pages = "615--621",
}
@inproceedings{quan-etal-2013-non,
    title = "Non-Monotonic Sentence Alignment via Semisupervised Learning",
    author = "Quan, Xiaojun  and
      Kit, Chunyu  and
      Song, Yan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1061",
    pages = "622--630",
}
@inproceedings{lee-hwang-2013-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping Entity Translation on Weakly Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Lee, Taesung  and
      Hwang, Seung-won",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1062",
    pages = "631--640",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-transfer,
    title = "Transfer Learning Based Cross-lingual Knowledge Extraction for {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Wang, Zhigang  and
      Li, Zhixing  and
      Li, Juanzi  and
      Tang, Jie  and
      Pan, Jeff Z.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1063",
    pages = "641--650",
}
@inproceedings{nastase-strapparava-2013-bridging,
    title = "Bridging Languages through Etymology: The case of cross language text categorization",
    author = "Nastase, Vivi  and
      Strapparava, Carlo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1064",
    pages = "651--659",
}
@inproceedings{veale-li-2013-creating,
    title = "Creating Similarity: Lateral Thinking for Vertical Similarity Judgments",
    author = "Veale, Tony  and
      Li, Guofu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1065",
    pages = "660--670",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-liu-2013-discovering,
    title = "Discovering User Interactions in Ideological Discussions",
    author = "Mukherjee, Arjun  and
      Liu, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1066",
    pages = "671--681",
}
@inproceedings{kozareva-2013-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Affect Polarity and Valence Prediction in Metaphor-Rich Texts",
    author = "Kozareva, Zornitsa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1067",
    pages = "682--691",
}
@inproceedings{boros-etal-2013-large,
    title = "Large tagset labeling using Feed Forward Neural Networks. Case study on {R}omanian Language",
    author = "Boros, Tiberiu  and
      Ion, Radu  and
      Tufis, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1068",
    pages = "692--700",
}
@inproceedings{radziszewski-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning to lemmatise Polish noun phrases",
    author = "Radziszewski, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1069",
    pages = "701--709",
}
@inproceedings{bergsma-van-durme-2013-using,
    title = "Using Conceptual Class Attributes to Characterize Social Media Users",
    author = "Bergsma, Shane  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1070",
    pages = "710--720",
}
@inproceedings{ferschke-etal-2013-impact,
    title = "The Impact of Topic Bias on Quality Flaw Prediction in {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Ferschke, Oliver  and
      Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Rittberger, Marc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1071",
    pages = "721--730",
}
@inproceedings{wang-kan-2013-mining,
    title = "Mining Informal Language from {C}hinese Microtext: Joint Word Recognition and Segmentation",
    author = "Wang, Aobo  and
      Kan, Min-Yen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1072",
    pages = "731--741",
}
@inproceedings{rokhlenko-szpektor-2013-generating,
    title = "Generating Synthetic Comparable Questions for News Articles",
    author = "Rokhlenko, Oleg  and
      Szpektor, Idan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1073",
    pages = "742--751",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-punctuation,
    title = "Punctuation Prediction with Transition-based Parsing",
    author = "Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Wu, Shuangzhi  and
      Yang, Nan  and
      Li, Mu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1074",
    pages = "752--760",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2013-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Learning with Natural Annotations: Word Segmentation as a Case Study",
    author = {Jiang, Wenbin  and
      Sun, Meng  and
      L{\"u}, Yajuan  and
      Yang, Yating  and
      Liu, Qun},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1075",
    pages = "761--769",
}
@inproceedings{zeng-etal-2013-graph,
    title = "Graph-based Semi-Supervised Model for Joint {C}hinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-Speech Tagging",
    author = "Zeng, Xiaodong  and
      Wong, Derek F.  and
      Chao, Lidia S.  and
      Trancoso, Isabel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1076",
    pages = "770--779",
}
@inproceedings{cohn-haffari-2013-infinite,
    title = "An Infinite Hierarchical {B}ayesian Model of Phrasal Translation",
    author = "Cohn, Trevor  and
      Haffari, Gholamreza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1077",
    pages = "780--790",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-additive,
    title = "Additive Neural Networks for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Liu, Lemao  and
      Watanabe, Taro  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1078",
    pages = "791--801",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2013-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Phrase Table Combination for Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhu, Conghui  and
      Watanabe, Taro  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1079",
    pages = "802--810",
}
@inproceedings{braune-etal-2013-shallow,
    title = "Shallow Local Multi-Bottom-up Tree Transducers in Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Braune, Fabienne  and
      Seemann, Nina  and
      Quernheim, Daniel  and
      Maletti, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1080",
    pages = "811--821",
}
@inproceedings{xiang-etal-2013-enlisting,
    title = "Enlisting the Ghost: Modeling Empty Categories for Machine Translation",
    author = "Xiang, Bing  and
      Luo, Xiaoqiang  and
      Zhou, Bowen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1081",
    pages = "822--831",
}
@inproceedings{sennrich-etal-2013-multi,
    title = "A Multi-Domain Translation Model Framework for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Sennrich, Rico  and
      Schwenk, Holger  and
      Aransa, Walid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1082",
    pages = "832--840",
}
@inproceedings{tamura-etal-2013-part,
    title = "Part-of-Speech Induction in Dependency Trees for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Tamura, Akihiro  and
      Watanabe, Taro  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1083",
    pages = "841--851",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2013-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Machine Translation Improves Question Retrieval in Community Question Answering via Matrix Factorization",
    author = "Zhou, Guangyou  and
      Liu, Fang  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      He, Shizhu  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1084",
    pages = "852--861",
}
@inproceedings{reichart-korhonen-2013-improved,
    title = "Improved Lexical Acquisition through {DPP}-based Verb Clustering",
    author = "Reichart, Roi  and
      Korhonen, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1085",
    pages = "862--872",
}
@inproceedings{xie-etal-2013-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Frames to Predict Stock Price Movement",
    author = "Xie, Boyi  and
      Passonneau, Rebecca J.  and
      Wu, Leon  and
      Creamer, Germ{\'a}n G.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1086",
    pages = "873--883",
}
@inproceedings{tanigaki-etal-2013-density,
    title = "Density Maximization in Context-Sense Metric Space for All-words {WSD}",
    author = "Tanigaki, Koichi  and
      Shiba, Mitsuteru  and
      Munaka, Tatsuji  and
      Sagisaka, Yoshinori",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1087",
    pages = "884--893",
}
@inproceedings{hermann-blunsom-2013-role,
    title = "The Role of Syntax in Vector Space Models of Compositional Semantics",
    author = "Hermann, Karl Moritz  and
      Blunsom, Phil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1088",
    pages = "894--904",
}
@inproceedings{kundu-etal-2013-margin,
    title = "Margin-based Decomposed Amortized Inference",
    author = "Kundu, Gourab  and
      Srikumar, Vivek  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1089",
    pages = "905--913",
}
@inproceedings{celikyilmaz-etal-2013-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Semantic Tagging of Conversational Understanding using {M}arkov Topic Regression",
    author = "Celikyilmaz, Asli  and
      Hakkani-Tur, Dilek  and
      Tur, Gokhan  and
      Sarikaya, Ruhi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1090",
    pages = "914--923",
}
@inproceedings{chiang-etal-2013-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Graphs with Hyperedge Replacement Grammars",
    author = "Chiang, David  and
      Andreas, Jacob  and
      Bauer, Daniel  and
      Hermann, Karl Moritz  and
      Jones, Bevan  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1091",
    pages = "924--932",
}
@inproceedings{poon-2013-grounded,
    title = "Grounded Unsupervised Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Poon, Hoifung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1092",
    pages = "933--943",
}
@inproceedings{yancheva-rudzicz-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic detection of deception in child-produced speech using syntactic complexity features",
    author = "Yancheva, Maria  and
      Rudzicz, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1093",
    pages = "944--953",
}
@inproceedings{scheible-schutze-2013-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Relevance",
    author = {Scheible, Christian  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1094",
    pages = "954--963",
}
@inproceedings{hasegawa-etal-2013-predicting,
    title = "Predicting and Eliciting Addressee{'}s Emotion in Online Dialogue",
    author = "Hasegawa, Takayuki  and
      Kaji, Nobuhiro  and
      Yoshinaga, Naoki  and
      Toyoda, Masashi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1095",
    pages = "964--972",
}
@inproceedings{perez-rosas-etal-2013-utterance,
    title = "Utterance-Level Multimodal Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "P{\'e}rez-Rosas, Ver{\'o}nica  and
      Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Morency, Louis-Philippe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1096",
    pages = "973--982",
}
@inproceedings{mohtarami-etal-2013-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Sense Sentiment Similarity through Hidden Emotions",
    author = "Mohtarami, Mitra  and
      Lan, Man  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1097",
    pages = "983--992",
}
@inproceedings{lampos-etal-2013-user,
    title = "A user-centric model of voting intention from Social Media",
    author = "Lampos, Vasileios  and
      Preo{\c{t}}iuc-Pietro, Daniel  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1098",
    pages = "993--1003",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-using,
    title = "Using Supervised Bigram-based {ILP} for Extractive Summarization",
    author = "Li, Chen  and
      Qian, Xian  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1099",
    pages = "1004--1013",
}
@inproceedings{dasgupta-etal-2013-summarization,
    title = "Summarization Through Submodularity and Dispersion",
    author = "Dasgupta, Anirban  and
      Kumar, Ravi  and
      Ravi, Sujith",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1100",
    pages = "1014--1022",
}
@inproceedings{morita-etal-2013-subtree,
    title = "Subtree Extractive Summarization via Submodular Maximization",
    author = "Morita, Hajime  and
      Sasano, Ryohei  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1101",
    pages = "1023--1032",
}
@inproceedings{cohen-johnson-2013-effect,
    title = "The effect of non-tightness on {B}ayesian estimation of {PCFG}s",
    author = "Cohen, Shay B.  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1102",
    pages = "1033--1041",
}
@inproceedings{uematsu-etal-2013-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Multiple Dependency Corpora for Inducing Wide-coverage {J}apanese {CCG} Resources",
    author = "Uematsu, Sumire  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Hanaoka, Hiroki  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Mima, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1103",
    pages = "1042--1051",
}
@inproceedings{choi-mccallum-2013-transition,
    title = "Transition-based Dependency Parsing with Selectional Branching",
    author = "Choi, Jinho D.  and
      McCallum, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1104",
    pages = "1052--1062",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-bilingually,
    title = "Bilingually-Guided Monolingual Dependency Grammar Induction",
    author = {Liu, Kai  and
      L{\"u}, Yajuan  and
      Jiang, Wenbin  and
      Liu, Qun},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1105",
    pages = "1063--1072",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-joint,
    title = "Joint Word Alignment and Bilingual Named Entity Recognition Using Dual Decomposition",
    author = "Wang, Mengqiu  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1106",
    pages = "1073--1082",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2013-resolving,
    title = "Resolving Entity Morphs in Censored Data",
    author = "Huang, Hongzhao  and
      Wen, Zhen  and
      Yu, Dian  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Sun, Yizhou  and
      Han, Jiawei  and
      Li, He",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1107",
    pages = "1083--1093",
}
@inproceedings{oconnor-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning to Extract International Relations from Political Context",
    author = "O{'}Connor, Brendan  and
      Stewart, Brandon M.  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1108",
    pages = "1094--1104",
}
@inproceedings{razmara-etal-2013-graph,
    title = "Graph Propagation for Paraphrasing Out-of-Vocabulary Words in Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Razmara, Majid  and
      Siahbani, Maryam  and
      Haffari, Reza  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1109",
    pages = "1105--1115",
}
@inproceedings{eidelman-etal-2013-online,
    title = "Online Relative Margin Maximization for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Eidelman, Vladimir  and
      Marton, Yuval  and
      Resnik, Philip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1110",
    pages = "1116--1126",
}
@inproceedings{zhai-etal-2013-handling,
    title = "Handling Ambiguities of Bilingual Predicate-Argument Structures for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhai, Feifei  and
      Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Zhou, Yu  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1111",
    pages = "1127--1136",
}
@inproceedings{nagata-whittaker-2013-reconstructing,
    title = "Reconstructing an {I}ndo-{E}uropean Family Tree from Non-native {E}nglish Texts",
    author = "Nagata, Ryo  and
      Whittaker, Edward",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1112",
    pages = "1137--1147",
}
@inproceedings{beigman-klebanov-flor-2013-word,
    title = "Word Association Profiles and their Use for Automated Scoring of Essays",
    author = "Beigman Klebanov, Beata  and
      Flor, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1113",
    pages = "1148--1158",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Parser-Centric Text Normalization",
    author = "Zhang, Congle  and
      Baldwin, Tyler  and
      Ho, Howard  and
      Kimelfeld, Benny  and
      Li, Yunyao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1114",
    pages = "1159--1168",
}
@inproceedings{tian-etal-2013-random,
    title = "A Random Walk Approach to Selectional Preferences Based on Preference Ranking and Propagation",
    author = "Tian, Zhenhua  and
      Xiang, Hengheng  and
      Liu, Ziqi  and
      Zheng, Qinghua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1115",
    pages = "1169--1179",
}
@inproceedings{laparra-rigau-2013-impar,
    title = "{I}mp{A}r: A Deterministic Algorithm for Implicit Semantic Role Labelling",
    author = "Laparra, Egoitz  and
      Rigau, German",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1116",
    pages = "1180--1189",
}
@inproceedings{kozhevnikov-titov-2013-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Transfer of Semantic Role Labeling Models",
    author = "Kozhevnikov, Mikhail  and
      Titov, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1117",
    pages = "1190--1200",
}
@inproceedings{zeller-etal-2013-derivbase,
    title = "{DE}riv{B}ase: Inducing and Evaluating a Derivational Morphology Resource for {G}erman",
    author = "Zeller, Britta  and
      {\v{S}}najder, Jan  and
      Pad{\'o}, Sebastian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1118",
    pages = "1201--1211",
}
@inproceedings{potthast-etal-2013-crowdsourcing,
    title = "Crowdsourcing Interaction Logs to Understand Text Reuse from the Web",
    author = {Potthast, Martin  and
      Hagen, Matthias  and
      V{\"o}lske, Michael  and
      Stein, Benno},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1119",
    pages = "1212--1221",
}
@inproceedings{flati-navigli-2013-spred,
    title = "{SP}red: Large-scale Harvesting of Semantic Predicates",
    author = "Flati, Tiziano  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1120",
    pages = "1222--1232",
}
@inproceedings{cheung-penn-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards Robust Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization: A Caseframe Analysis of Centrality and Domain",
    author = "Cheung, Jackie Chi Kit  and
      Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1121",
    pages = "1233--1242",
}
@inproceedings{alfonseca-etal-2013-heady,
    title = "{HEADY}: News headline abstraction through event pattern clustering",
    author = "Alfonseca, Enrique  and
      Pighin, Daniele  and
      Garrido, Guillermo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1122",
    pages = "1243--1253",
}
@inproceedings{dethlefs-etal-2013-conditional,
    title = "Conditional Random Fields for Responsive Surface Realisation using Global Features",
    author = "Dethlefs, Nina  and
      Hastie, Helen  and
      Cuay{\'a}huitl, Heriberto  and
      Lemon, Oliver",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1123",
    pages = "1254--1263",
}
@inproceedings{setiawan-etal-2013-two,
    title = "Two-Neighbor Orientation Model with Cross-Boundary Global Contexts",
    author = "Setiawan, Hendra  and
      Zhou, Bowen  and
      Xiang, Bing  and
      Shen, Libin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1124",
    pages = "1264--1274",
}
@inproceedings{visweswariah-etal-2013-cut,
    title = "Cut the noise: Mutually reinforcing reordering and alignments for improved machine translation",
    author = "Visweswariah, Karthik  and
      Khapra, Mitesh M.  and
      Ramanathan, Ananthakrishnan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1125",
    pages = "1275--1284",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2013-vector,
    title = "Vector Space Model for Adaptation in Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Chen, Boxing  and
      Kuhn, Roland  and
      Foster, George",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1126",
    pages = "1285--1293",
}
@inproceedings{lei-etal-2013-natural,
    title = "From Natural Language Specifications to Program Input Parsers",
    author = "Lei, Tao  and
      Long, Fan  and
      Barzilay, Regina  and
      Rinard, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1127",
    pages = "1294--1303",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-entity,
    title = "Entity Linking for Tweets",
    author = "Liu, Xiaohua  and
      Li, Yitong  and
      Wu, Haocheng  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Lu, Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1128",
    pages = "1304--1311",
}
@inproceedings{he-etal-2013-identification,
    title = "Identification of Speakers in Novels",
    author = "He, Hua  and
      Barbosa, Denilson  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1129",
    pages = "1312--1320",
}
@inproceedings{villavicencio-etal-2013-language,
    title = "Language Acquisition and Probabilistic Models: keeping it simple",
    author = "Villavicencio, Aline  and
      Idiart, Marco  and
      Berwick, Robert  and
      Malioutov, Igor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1130",
    pages = "1321--1330",
}
@inproceedings{melamud-etal-2013-two,
    title = "A Two Level Model for Context Sensitive Inference Rules",
    author = "Melamud, Oren  and
      Berant, Jonathan  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Goldberger, Jacob  and
      Szpektor, Idan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1131",
    pages = "1331--1340",
}
@inproceedings{pilehvar-etal-2013-align,
    title = "Align, Disambiguate and Walk: A Unified Approach for Measuring Semantic Similarity",
    author = "Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher  and
      Jurgens, David  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1132",
    pages = "1341--1351",
}
@inproceedings{bond-foster-2013-linking,
    title = "Linking and Extending an Open Multilingual {W}ordnet",
    author = "Bond, Francis  and
      Foster, Ryan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1133",
    pages = "1352--1362",
}
@inproceedings{hartmann-gurevych-2013-framenet,
    title = "{F}rame{N}et on the Way to Babel: Creating a Bilingual {F}rame{N}et Using {W}iktionary as Interlingual Connection",
    author = "Hartmann, Silvana  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1134",
    pages = "1363--1373",
}
@inproceedings{smith-etal-2013-dirt,
    title = "Dirt Cheap Web-Scale Parallel Text from the Common Crawl",
    author = "Smith, Jason R.  and
      Saint-Amand, Herve  and
      Plamada, Magdalena  and
      Koehn, Philipp  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      Lopez, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1135",
    pages = "1374--1383",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-sentence,
    title = "A Sentence Compression Based Framework to Query-Focused Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Wang, Lu  and
      Raghavan, Hema  and
      Castelli, Vittorio  and
      Florian, Radu  and
      Cardie, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1136",
    pages = "1384--1394",
}
@inproceedings{wang-cardie-2013-domain,
    title = "Domain-Independent Abstract Generation for Focused Meeting Summarization",
    author = "Wang, Lu  and
      Cardie, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1137",
    pages = "1395--1405",
}
@inproceedings{kondadadi-etal-2013-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical {NLG} Framework for Aggregated Planning and Realization",
    author = "Kondadadi, Ravi  and
      Howald, Blake  and
      Schilder, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1138",
    pages = "1406--1415",
}
@inproceedings{hopkins-may-2013-models,
    title = "Models of Translation Competitions",
    author = "Hopkins, Mark  and
      May, Jonathan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1139",
    pages = "1416--1424",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-zong-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning a Phrase-based Translation Model from Monolingual Data with Application to Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1140",
    pages = "1425--1434",
}
@inproceedings{carpuat-etal-2013-sensespotting,
    title = "{S}ense{S}potting: Never let your parallel data tie you to an old domain",
    author = "Carpuat, Marine  and
      Daum{\'e} III, Hal  and
      Henry, Katharine  and
      Irvine, Ann  and
      Jagarlamudi, Jagadeesh  and
      Rudinger, Rachel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1141",
    pages = "1435--1445",
}
@inproceedings{ozbal-etal-2013-brainsup,
    title = "{BRAINSUP}: Brainstorming Support for Creative Sentence Generation",
    author = {{\"O}zbal, G{\"o}zde  and
      Pighin, Daniele  and
      Strapparava, Carlo},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1142",
    pages = "1446--1455",
}
@inproceedings{wu-ng-2013-grammatical,
    title = "Grammatical Error Correction Using Integer Linear Programming",
    author = "Wu, Yuanbin  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1143",
    pages = "1456--1465",
}
@inproceedings{speriosu-baldridge-2013-text,
    title = "Text-Driven Toponym Resolution using Indirect Supervision",
    author = "Speriosu, Michael  and
      Baldridge, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1144",
    pages = "1466--1476",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-argument,
    title = "Argument Inference from Relevant Event Mentions in {C}hinese Argument Extraction",
    author = "Li, Peifeng  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1145",
    pages = "1477--1487",
}
@inproceedings{nakashole-etal-2013-fine,
    title = "Fine-grained Semantic Typing of Emerging Entities",
    author = "Nakashole, Ndapandula  and
      Tylenda, Tomasz  and
      Weikum, Gerhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1146",
    pages = "1488--1497",
}
@inproceedings{plank-moschitti-2013-embedding,
    title = "Embedding Semantic Similarity in Tree Kernels for Domain Adaptation of Relation Extraction",
    author = "Plank, Barbara  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1147",
    pages = "1498--1507",
}
@inproceedings{borschinger-etal-2013-joint,
    title = "A joint model of word segmentation and phonological variation for {E}nglish word-final /t/-deletion",
    author = {B{\"o}rschinger, Benjamin  and
      Johnson, Mark  and
      Demuth, Katherine},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1148",
    pages = "1508--1516",
}
@inproceedings{lazaridou-etal-2013-compositional,
    title = "Compositional-ly Derived Representations of Morphologically Complex Words in Distributional Semantics",
    author = "Lazaridou, Angeliki  and
      Marelli, Marco  and
      Zamparelli, Roberto  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1149",
    pages = "1517--1526",
}
@inproceedings{kim-snyder-2013-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Consonant-Vowel Prediction over Hundreds of Languages",
    author = "Kim, Young-Bum  and
      Snyder, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1150",
    pages = "1527--1536",
}
@inproceedings{kauchak-2013-improving,
    title = "Improving Text Simplification Language Modeling Using Unsimplified Text Data",
    author = "Kauchak, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1151",
    pages = "1537--1546",
}
@inproceedings{zarriess-kuhn-2013-combining,
    title = "Combining Referring Expression Generation and Surface Realization: A Corpus-Based Investigation of Architectures",
    author = "Zarrie{\ss}, Sina  and
      Kuhn, Jonas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1152",
    pages = "1547--1557",
}
@inproceedings{darwish-2013-named,
    title = "Named Entity Recognition using Cross-lingual Resources: {A}rabic as an Example",
    author = "Darwish, Kareem",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1153",
    pages = "1558--1567",
}
@inproceedings{nuhn-etal-2013-beam,
    title = "Beam Search for Solving Substitution Ciphers",
    author = "Nuhn, Malte  and
      Schamper, Julian  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1154",
    pages = "1568--1576",
}
@inproceedings{hassan-menezes-2013-social,
    title = "Social Text Normalization using Contextual Graph Random Walks",
    author = "Hassan, Hany  and
      Menezes, Arul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1155",
    pages = "1577--1586",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-vogel-2013-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Phrase-based Reordering Features into a Chart-based Decoder for Machine Translation",
    author = "Nguyen, ThuyLinh  and
      Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1156",
    pages = "1587--1596",
}
@inproceedings{arase-zhou-2013-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation Detection from Monolingual Web-Text",
    author = "Arase, Yuki  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1157",
    pages = "1597--1607",
}
@inproceedings{fader-etal-2013-paraphrase,
    title = "Paraphrase-Driven Learning for Open Question Answering",
    author = "Fader, Anthony  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke  and
      Etzioni, Oren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1158",
    pages = "1608--1618",
}
@inproceedings{varga-etal-2013-aid,
    title = "Aid is Out There: Looking for Help from Tweets during a Large Scale Disaster",
    author = "Varga, Istv{\'a}n  and
      Sano, Motoki  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Ohtake, Kiyonori  and
      Kawai, Takao  and
      Oh, Jong-Hoon  and
      De Saeger, Stijn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1159",
    pages = "1619--1629",
}
@inproceedings{lazaridou-etal-2013-bayesian,
    title = "A {B}ayesian Model for Joint Unsupervised Induction of Sentiment, Aspect and Discourse Representations",
    author = "Lazaridou, Angeliki  and
      Titov, Ivan  and
      Sporleder, Caroline",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1160",
    pages = "1630--1639",
}
@inproceedings{yang-cardie-2013-joint,
    title = "Joint Inference for Fine-grained Opinion Extraction",
    author = "Yang, Bishan  and
      Cardie, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1161",
    pages = "1640--1649",
}
@inproceedings{recasens-etal-2013-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Models for Analyzing and Detecting Biased Language",
    author = "Recasens, Marta  and
      Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian  and
      Jurafsky, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1162",
    pages = "1650--1659",
}
@inproceedings{janarthanam-etal-2013-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating a City Exploration Dialogue System with Integrated Question-Answering and Pedestrian Navigation",
    author = "Janarthanam, Srinivasan  and
      Lemon, Oliver  and
      Bartie, Phil  and
      Dalmas, Tiphaine  and
      Dickinson, Anna  and
      Liu, Xingkun  and
      Mackaness, William  and
      Webber, Bonnie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1163",
    pages = "1660--1668",
}
@inproceedings{volkova-etal-2013-lightly,
    title = "Lightly Supervised Learning of Procedural Dialog Systems",
    author = "Volkova, Svitlana  and
      Choudhury, Pallavi  and
      Quirk, Chris  and
      Dolan, Bill  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1164",
    pages = "1669--1679",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-etal-2013-public,
    title = "Public Dialogue: Analysis of Tolerance in Online Discussions",
    author = "Mukherjee, Arjun  and
      Venkataraman, Vivek  and
      Liu, Bing  and
      Meraz, Sharon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1165",
    pages = "1680--1690",
}
@inproceedings{fokkens-etal-2013-offspring,
    title = "Offspring from Reproduction Problems: What Replication Failure Teaches Us",
    author = "Fokkens, Antske  and
      van Erp, Marieke  and
      Postma, Marten  and
      Pedersen, Ted  and
      Vossen, Piek  and
      Freire, Nuno",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1166",
    pages = "1691--1701",
}
@inproceedings{fournier-2013-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Text Segmentation using Boundary Edit Distance",
    author = "Fournier, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1167",
    pages = "1702--1712",
}
@inproceedings{ramanath-etal-2013-crowd,
    title = "Crowd Prefers the Middle Path: A New {IAA} Metric for Crowdsourcing Reveals Turker Biases in Query Segmentation",
    author = "Ramanath, Rohan  and
      Choudhury, Monojit  and
      Bali, Kalika  and
      Saha Roy, Rishiraj",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1168",
    pages = "1713--1722",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-deceptive,
    title = "Deceptive Answer Prediction with User Preference Graph",
    author = "Li, Fangtao  and
      Gao, Yang  and
      Zhou, Shuchang  and
      Si, Xiance  and
      Dai, Decheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1169",
    pages = "1723--1732",
}
@inproceedings{oh-etal-2013-question,
    title = "Why-Question Answering using Intra- and Inter-Sentential Causal Relations",
    author = "Oh, Jong-Hoon  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Sano, Motoki  and
      De Saeger, Stijn  and
      Ohtake, Kiyonori",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1170",
    pages = "1733--1743",
}
@inproceedings{yih-etal-2013-question,
    title = "Question Answering Using Enhanced Lexical Semantic Models",
    author = "Yih, Wen-tau  and
      Chang, Ming-Wei  and
      Meek, Christopher  and
      Pastusiak, Andrzej",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1171",
    pages = "1744--1753",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Patterns versus Word Alignment: Extracting Opinion Targets from Online Reviews",
    author = "Liu, Kang  and
      Xu, Liheng  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1172",
    pages = "1754--1763",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2013-mining,
    title = "Mining Opinion Words and Opinion Targets in a Two-Stage Framework",
    author = "Xu, Liheng  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Lai, Siwei  and
      Chen, Yubo  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1173",
    pages = "1764--1773",
}
@inproceedings{feng-etal-2013-connotation,
    title = "Connotation Lexicon: A Dash of Sentiment Beneath the Surface Meaning",
    author = "Feng, Song  and
      Kang, Jun Seok  and
      Kuznetsova, Polina  and
      Choi, Yejin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1174",
    pages = "1774--1784",
}
@proceedings{acl-2013-association-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    author = "Schuetze, Hinrich  and
      Fung, Pascale  and
      Poesio, Massimo",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2000",
}
@inproceedings{sajjad-etal-2013-translating,
    title = "Translating Dialectal {A}rabic to {E}nglish",
    author = "Sajjad, Hassan  and
      Darwish, Kareem  and
      Belinkov, Yonatan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{quirk-2013-exact,
    title = "Exact Maximum Inference for the Fertility Hidden {M}arkov Model",
    author = "Quirk, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2002",
    pages = "7--11",
}
@inproceedings{nakov-etal-2013-tale,
    title = "A Tale about {PRO} and Monsters",
    author = "Nakov, Preslav  and
      Guzm{\'a}n, Francisco  and
      Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2003",
    pages = "12--17",
}
@inproceedings{suzuki-nagata-2013-supervised,
    title = "Supervised Model Learning with Feature Grouping based on a Discrete Constraint",
    author = "Suzuki, Jun  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2004",
    pages = "18--23",
}
@inproceedings{si-etal-2013-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Topic based Twitter Sentiment for Stock Prediction",
    author = "Si, Jianfeng  and
      Mukherjee, Arjun  and
      Liu, Bing  and
      Li, Qing  and
      Li, Huayi  and
      Deng, Xiaotie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2005",
    pages = "24--29",
}
@inproceedings{he-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning Entity Representation for Entity Disambiguation",
    author = "He, Zhengyan  and
      Liu, Shujie  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Zhang, Longkai  and
      Wang, Houfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2006",
    pages = "30--34",
}
@inproceedings{movshovitz-attias-cohen-2013-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Models for Predicting Programming Comments",
    author = "Movshovitz-Attias, Dana  and
      Cohen, William W.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2007",
    pages = "35--40",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-paraphrasing,
    title = "Paraphrasing Adaptation for Web Search Ranking",
    author = "Wang, Chenguang  and
      Duan, Nan  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Zhang, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2008",
    pages = "41--46",
}
@inproceedings{andreas-etal-2013-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing as Machine Translation",
    author = "Andreas, Jacob  and
      Vlachos, Andreas  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2009",
    pages = "47--52",
}
@inproceedings{bernardi-etal-2013-relatedness,
    title = "A relatedness benchmark to test the role of determiners in compositional distributional semantics",
    author = "Bernardi, Raffaella  and
      Dinu, Georgiana  and
      Marelli, Marco  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2010",
    pages = "53--57",
}
@inproceedings{wei-etal-2013-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study on Uncertainty Identification in Social Media Context",
    author = "Wei, Zhongyu  and
      Chen, Junwen  and
      Gao, Wei  and
      Li, Binyang  and
      Zhou, Lanjun  and
      He, Yulan  and
      Wong, Kam-Fai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2011",
    pages = "58--62",
}
@inproceedings{wolfe-etal-2013-parma,
    title = "{PARMA}: A Predicate Argument Aligner",
    author = "Wolfe, Travis  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Dredze, Mark  and
      Andrews, Nicholas  and
      Beller, Charley  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      DeYoung, Jay  and
      Snyder, Justin  and
      Weese, Jonathan  and
      Xu, Tan  and
      Yao, Xuchen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2012",
    pages = "63--68",
}
@inproceedings{biran-mckeown-2013-aggregated,
    title = "Aggregated Word Pair Features for Implicit Discourse Relation Disambiguation",
    author = "Biran, Or  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2013",
    pages = "69--73",
}
@inproceedings{vogel-etal-2013-implicatures,
    title = "Implicatures and Nested Beliefs in Approximate Decentralized-{POMDP}s",
    author = "Vogel, Adam  and
      Potts, Christopher  and
      Jurafsky, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2014",
    pages = "74--80",
}
@inproceedings{gilbert-riloff-2013-domain,
    title = "Domain-Specific Coreference Resolution with Lexicalized Features",
    author = "Gilbert, Nathan  and
      Riloff, Ellen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2015",
    pages = "81--86",
}
@inproceedings{tan-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning to Order Natural Language Texts",
    author = "Tan, Jiwei  and
      Wan, Xiaojun  and
      Xiao, Jianguo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2016",
    pages = "87--91",
}
@inproceedings{mcdonald-etal-2013-universal,
    title = "Universal Dependency Annotation for Multilingual Parsing",
    author = {McDonald, Ryan  and
      Nivre, Joakim  and
      Quirmbach-Brundage, Yvonne  and
      Goldberg, Yoav  and
      Das, Dipanjan  and
      Ganchev, Kuzman  and
      Hall, Keith  and
      Petrov, Slav  and
      Zhang, Hao  and
      T{\"a}ckstr{\"o}m, Oscar  and
      Bedini, Claudia  and
      Bertomeu Castell{\'o}, N{\'u}ria  and
      Lee, Jungmee},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2017",
    pages = "92--97",
}
@inproceedings{kummerfeld-etal-2013-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Examination of Challenges in {C}hinese Parsing",
    author = "Kummerfeld, Jonathan K.  and
      Tse, Daniel  and
      Curran, James R.  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2018",
    pages = "98--103",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-zhao-2013-joint,
    title = "Joint Inference for Heterogeneous Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Zhou, Guangyou  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2019",
    pages = "104--109",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2013-easy,
    title = "Easy-First {POS} Tagging and Dependency Parsing with Beam Search",
    author = "Ma, Ji  and
      Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Xiao, Tong  and
      Yang, Nan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2020",
    pages = "110--114",
}
@inproceedings{bergen-etal-2013-arguments,
    title = "Arguments and Modifiers from the Learner{'}s Perspective",
    author = "Bergen, Leon  and
      Gibson, Edward  and
      O{'}Donnell, Timothy J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2021",
    pages = "115--119",
}
@inproceedings{deng-etal-2013-benefactive,
    title = "Benefactive/Malefactive Event and Writer Attitude Annotation",
    author = "Deng, Lingjia  and
      Choi, Yoonjung  and
      Wiebe, Janyce",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2022",
    pages = "120--125",
}
@inproceedings{senapati-garain-2013-guitar,
    title = "{G}ui{TAR}-based Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in {B}engali",
    author = "Senapati, Apurbalal  and
      Garain, Utpal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2023",
    pages = "126--130",
}
@inproceedings{rankel-etal-2013-decade,
    title = "A Decade of Automatic Content Evaluation of News Summaries: Reassessing the State of the Art",
    author = "Rankel, Peter A.  and
      Conroy, John M.  and
      Dang, Hoa Trang  and
      Nenkova, Ani",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2024",
    pages = "131--136",
}
@inproceedings{wisniewski-2013-predictability,
    title = "On the Predictability of Human Assessment: when Matrix Completion Meets {NLP} Evaluation",
    author = "Wisniewski, Guillaume",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2025",
    pages = "137--142",
}
@inproceedings{passonneau-etal-2013-automated,
    title = "Automated Pyramid Scoring of Summaries using Distributional Semantics",
    author = "Passonneau, Rebecca J.  and
      Chen, Emily  and
      Guo, Weiwei  and
      Perin, Dolores",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2026",
    pages = "143--147",
}
@inproceedings{deveaud-etal-2013-semantically,
    title = "Are Semantically Coherent Topic Models Useful for Ad Hoc Information Retrieval?",
    author = "Deveaud, Romain  and
      SanJuan, Eric  and
      Bellot, Patrice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2027",
    pages = "148--152",
}
@inproceedings{moreno-etal-2013-post,
    title = "Post-Retrieval Clustering Using Third-Order Similarity Measures",
    author = {Moreno, Jos{\'e} G.  and
      Dias, Ga{\"e}l  and
      Cleuziou, Guillaume},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2028",
    pages = "153--158",
}
@inproceedings{yao-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Coupling of Answer Extraction and Information Retrieval",
    author = "Yao, Xuchen  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Clark, Peter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2029",
    pages = "159--165",
}
@inproceedings{chen-2013-improved,
    title = "An improved {MDL}-based compression algorithm for unsupervised word segmentation",
    author = "Chen, Ruey-Cheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2030",
    pages = "166--170",
}
@inproceedings{zeng-etal-2013-co,
    title = "Co-regularizing character-based and word-based models for semi-supervised {C}hinese word segmentation",
    author = "Zeng, Xiaodong  and
      Wong, Derek F.  and
      Chao, Lidia S.  and
      Trancoso, Isabel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2031",
    pages = "171--176",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-improving,
    title = "Improving {C}hinese Word Segmentation on Micro-blog Using Rich Punctuations",
    author = "Zhang, Longkai  and
      Li, Li  and
      He, Zhengyan  and
      Wang, Houfeng  and
      Sun, Ni",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2032",
    pages = "177--182",
}
@inproceedings{hagiwara-sekine-2013-accurate,
    title = "Accurate Word Segmentation using Transliteration and Language Model Projection",
    author = "Hagiwara, Masato  and
      Sekine, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2033",
    pages = "183--189",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2013-broadcast,
    title = "Broadcast News Story Segmentation Using Manifold Learning on Latent Topic Distributions",
    author = "Lu, Xiaoming  and
      Xie, Lei  and
      Leung, Cheung-Chi  and
      Ma, Bin  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2034",
    pages = "190--195",
}
@inproceedings{elluru-etal-2013-word,
    title = "Is word-to-phone mapping better than phone-phone mapping for handling {E}nglish words?",
    author = "Elluru, Naresh Kumar  and
      Vadapalli, Anandaswarup  and
      Elluru, Raghavendra  and
      Murthy, Hema  and
      Prahallad, Kishore",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2035",
    pages = "196--200",
}
@inproceedings{you-etal-2013-enriching,
    title = "Enriching Entity Translation Discovery using Selective Temporality",
    author = "You, Gae-won  and
      Cha, Young-rok  and
      Kim, Jinhan  and
      Hwang, Seung-won",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2036",
    pages = "201--205",
}
@inproceedings{adel-etal-2013-combination,
    title = "Combination of Recurrent Neural Networks and Factored Language Models for Code-Switching Language Modeling",
    author = "Adel, Heike  and
      Vu, Ngoc Thang  and
      Schultz, Tanja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2037",
    pages = "206--211",
}
@inproceedings{hirao-etal-2013-latent,
    title = "Latent Semantic Matching: Application to Cross-language Text Categorization without Alignment Information",
    author = "Hirao, Tsutomu  and
      Iwata, Tomoharu  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2038",
    pages = "212--216",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-topicspam,
    title = "{T}opic{S}pam: a Topic-Model based approach for spam detection",
    author = "Li, Jiwei  and
      Cardie, Claire  and
      Li, Sujian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2039",
    pages = "217--221",
}
@inproceedings{quirk-choudhury-2013-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Neighborhoods as Hypergraphs",
    author = "Quirk, Chris  and
      Choudhury, Pallavi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2040",
    pages = "222--227",
}
@inproceedings{petrovic-matthews-2013-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised joke generation from big data",
    author = "Petrovi{\'c}, Sa{\v{s}}a  and
      Matthews, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2041",
    pages = "228--232",
}
@inproceedings{chong-etal-2013-modeling,
    title = "Modeling of term-distance and term-occurrence information for improving n-gram language model performance",
    author = "Chong, Tze Yuang  and
      Banchs, Rafael E.  and
      Chng, Eng Siong  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2042",
    pages = "233--237",
}
@inproceedings{sakaguchi-etal-2013-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Approach to Fill-in-the-Blank Quiz Generation for Language Learners",
    author = "Sakaguchi, Keisuke  and
      Arase, Yuki  and
      Komachi, Mamoru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2043",
    pages = "238--242",
}
@inproceedings{valitutti-etal-2013-everything,
    title = "{``}Let Everything Turn Well in Your Wife{''}: Generation of Adult Humor Using Lexical Constraints",
    author = "Valitutti, Alessandro  and
      Toivonen, Hannu  and
      Doucet, Antoine  and
      Toivanen, Jukka M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2044",
    pages = "243--248",
}
@inproceedings{king-etal-2013-random,
    title = "Random Walk Factoid Annotation for Collective Discourse",
    author = "King, Ben  and
      Jha, Rahul  and
      Radev, Dragomir  and
      Mankoff, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2045",
    pages = "249--254",
}
@inproceedings{vincze-etal-2013-identifying,
    title = "Identifying {E}nglish and {H}ungarian Light Verb Constructions: A Contrastive Approach",
    author = "Vincze, Veronika  and
      Nagy T., Istv{\'a}n  and
      Farkas, Rich{\'a}rd",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2046",
    pages = "255--261",
}
@inproceedings{braslavski-etal-2013-english,
    title = "{E}nglish-to-{R}ussian {MT} evaluation campaign",
    author = "Braslavski, Pavel  and
      Beloborodov, Alexander  and
      Khalilov, Maxim  and
      Sharoff, Serge",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2047",
    pages = "262--267",
}
@inproceedings{bhatt-etal-2013-indonet,
    title = "{I}ndo{N}et: A Multilingual Lexical Knowledge Network for {I}ndian Languages",
    author = "Bhatt, Brijesh  and
      Poddar, Lahari  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2048",
    pages = "268--272",
}
@inproceedings{kaneko-etal-2013-building,
    title = "Building {J}apanese Textual Entailment Specialized Data Sets for Inference of Basic Sentence Relations",
    author = "Kaneko, Kimi  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Bekki, Daisuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2049",
    pages = "273--277",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2013-building,
    title = "Building Comparable Corpora Based on Bilingual {LDA} Model",
    author = "Zhu, Zede  and
      Li, Miao  and
      Chen, Lei  and
      Yang, Zhenxin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2050",
    pages = "278--282",
}
@inproceedings{melamud-etal-2013-using,
    title = "Using Lexical Expansion to Learn Inference Rules from Sparse Data",
    author = "Melamud, Oren  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Goldberger, Jacob  and
      Szpektor, Idan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2051",
    pages = "283--288",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-mining,
    title = "Mining Equivalent Relations from Linked Data",
    author = "Zhang, Ziqi  and
      Gentile, Anna Lisa  and
      Augenstein, Isabelle  and
      Blomqvist, Eva  and
      Ciravegna, Fabio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2052",
    pages = "289--293",
}
@inproceedings{lim-etal-2013-context,
    title = "Context-Dependent Multilingual Lexical Lookup for Under-Resourced Languages",
    author = "Lim, Lian Tze  and
      Soon, Lay-Ki  and
      Lim, Tek Yong  and
      Tang, Enya Kong  and
      Ranaivo-Malan{\c{c}}on, Bali",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2053",
    pages = "294--299",
}
@inproceedings{sheykh-esmaili-salavati-2013-sorani,
    title = "{S}orani {K}urdish versus {K}urmanji {K}urdish: An Empirical Comparison",
    author = "Sheykh Esmaili, Kyumars  and
      Salavati, Shahin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2054",
    pages = "300--305",
}
@inproceedings{georgi-etal-2013-enhanced,
    title = "Enhanced and Portable Dependency Projection Algorithms Using Interlinear Glossed Text",
    author = "Georgi, Ryan  and
      Xia, Fei  and
      Lewis, William D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2055",
    pages = "306--311",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2013-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Projections between Languages from Different Families",
    author = "Yu, Mo  and
      Zhao, Tiejun  and
      Bai, Yalong  and
      Tian, Hao  and
      Yu, Dianhai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2056",
    pages = "312--317",
}
@inproceedings{tofighi-zahabi-etal-2013-using,
    title = "Using Context Vectors in Improving a Machine Translation System with Bridge Language",
    author = "Tofighi Zahabi, Samira  and
      Bakhshaei, Somayeh  and
      Khadivi, Shahram",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2057",
    pages = "318--322",
}
@inproceedings{hieber-etal-2013-task,
    title = "Task Alternation in Parallel Sentence Retrieval for Twitter Translation",
    author = "Hieber, Felix  and
      Jehl, Laura  and
      Riezler, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2058",
    pages = "323--327",
}
@inproceedings{curiel-collet-2013-sign,
    title = "Sign Language Lexical Recognition With Propositional Dynamic Logic",
    author = "Curiel, Arturo  and
      Collet, Christophe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2059",
    pages = "328--333",
}
@inproceedings{razmara-sarkar-2013-stacking,
    title = "Stacking for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Razmara, Majid  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2060",
    pages = "334--339",
}
@inproceedings{cui-etal-2013-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Data Cleaning for {SMT} using Graph-based Random Walk",
    author = "Cui, Lei  and
      Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Liu, Shujie  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2061",
    pages = "340--345",
}
@inproceedings{mishra-etal-2013-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Predicting Sentence Translation Difficulty",
    author = "Mishra, Abhijit  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Carl, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2062",
    pages = "346--351",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning to Prune: Context-Sensitive Pruning for Syntactic {MT}",
    author = "Xu, Wenduan  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Williams, Philip  and
      Koehn, Philipp",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2063",
    pages = "352--357",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-novel,
    title = "A Novel Graph-based Compact Representation of Word Alignment",
    author = "Liu, Qun  and
      Tu, Zhaopeng  and
      Lin, Shouxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2064",
    pages = "358--363",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-stem,
    title = "Stem Translation with Affix-Based Rule Selection for Agglutinative Languages",
    author = {Wang, Zhiyang  and
      L{\"u}, Yajuan  and
      Sun, Meng  and
      Liu, Qun},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2065",
    pages = "364--369",
}
@inproceedings{tu-etal-2013-novel,
    title = "A Novel Translation Framework Based on Rhetorical Structure Theory",
    author = "Tu, Mei  and
      Zhou, Yu  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2066",
    pages = "370--374",
}
@inproceedings{lo-etal-2013-improving,
    title = "Improving machine translation by training against an automatic semantic frame based evaluation metric",
    author = "Lo, Chi-kiu  and
      Addanki, Karteek  and
      Saers, Markus  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2067",
    pages = "375--381",
}
@inproceedings{ben-etal-2013-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Lexical Cohesion Trigger Model for Document-Level Machine Translation",
    author = {Ben, Guosheng  and
      Xiong, Deyi  and
      Teng, Zhiyang  and
      L{\"u}, Yajuan  and
      Liu, Qun},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2068",
    pages = "382--386",
}
@inproceedings{huang-pendus-2013-generalized,
    title = "Generalized Reordering Rules for Improved {SMT}",
    author = "Huang, Fei  and
      Pendus, Cezar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2069",
    pages = "387--392",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-tightly,
    title = "A Tightly-coupled Unsupervised Clustering and Bilingual Alignment Model for Transliteration",
    author = "Li, Tingting  and
      Zhao, Tiejun  and
      Finch, Andrew  and
      Zhang, Chunyue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2070",
    pages = "393--398",
}
@inproceedings{durrani-etal-2013-markov,
    title = "Can {M}arkov Models Over Minimal Translation Units Help Phrase-Based {SMT}?",
    author = "Durrani, Nadir  and
      Fraser, Alexander  and
      Schmid, Helmut  and
      Hoang, Hieu  and
      Koehn, Philipp",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2071",
    pages = "399--405",
}
@inproceedings{toutanova-ahn-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning Non-linear Features for Machine Translation Using Gradient Boosting Machines",
    author = "Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Ahn, Byung-Gyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2072",
    pages = "406--411",
}
@inproceedings{el-kholy-etal-2013-language,
    title = "Language Independent Connectivity Strength Features for Phrase Pivot Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "El Kholy, Ahmed  and
      Habash, Nizar  and
      Leusch, Gregor  and
      Matusov, Evgeny  and
      Sawaf, Hassan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2073",
    pages = "412--418",
}
@inproceedings{bazrafshan-gildea-2013-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Roles for String to Tree Machine Translation",
    author = "Bazrafshan, Marzieh  and
      Gildea, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2074",
    pages = "419--423",
}
@inproceedings{duan-2013-minimum,
    title = "Minimum {B}ayes Risk based Answer Re-ranking for Question Answering",
    author = "Duan, Nan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2075",
    pages = "424--428",
}
@inproceedings{ligozat-2013-question,
    title = "Question Classification Transfer",
    author = "Ligozat, Anne-Laure",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2076",
    pages = "429--433",
}
@inproceedings{qiu-etal-2013-latent,
    title = "Latent Semantic Tensor Indexing for Community-based Question Answering",
    author = "Qiu, Xipeng  and
      Tian, Le  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2077",
    pages = "434--439",
}
@inproceedings{herbelot-ganesalingam-2013-measuring,
    title = "Measuring semantic content in distributional vectors",
    author = "Herbelot, Aur{\'e}lie  and
      Ganesalingam, Mohan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2078",
    pages = "440--445",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2013-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Human Inference Process for Textual Entailment Recognition",
    author = "Huang, Hen-Hsen  and
      Chang, Kai-Chun  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2079",
    pages = "446--450",
}
@inproceedings{levy-etal-2013-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing Partial Textual Entailment",
    author = "Levy, Omer  and
      Zesch, Torsten  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2080",
    pages = "451--455",
}
@inproceedings{elfardy-diab-2013-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Level Dialect Identification in {A}rabic",
    author = "Elfardy, Heba  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2081",
    pages = "456--461",
}
@inproceedings{goldwasser-roth-2013-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Domain-Independent Information in Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Goldwasser, Dan  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2082",
    pages = "462--466",
}
@inproceedings{goyal-etal-2013-structured,
    title = "A Structured Distributional Semantic Model for Event Co-reference",
    author = "Goyal, Kartik  and
      Jauhar, Sujay Kumar  and
      Li, Huiying  and
      Sachan, Mrinmaya  and
      Srivastava, Shashank  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2083",
    pages = "467--473",
}
@inproceedings{fukumoto-etal-2013-text,
    title = "Text Classification from Positive and Unlabeled Data using Misclassified Data Correction",
    author = "Fukumoto, Fumiyo  and
      Suzuki, Yoshimi  and
      Matsuyoshi, Suguru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2084",
    pages = "474--478",
}
@inproceedings{nalisnick-baird-2013-character,
    title = "Character-to-Character Sentiment Analysis in Shakespeare{'}s Plays",
    author = "Nalisnick, Eric T.  and
      Baird, Henry S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2085",
    pages = "479--483",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-novel-classifier,
    title = "A Novel Classifier Based on Quantum Computation",
    author = "Liu, Ding  and
      Yang, Xiaofang  and
      Jiang, Minghu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2086",
    pages = "484--488",
}
@inproceedings{labutov-lipson-2013-embedding,
    title = "Re-embedding words",
    author = "Labutov, Igor  and
      Lipson, Hod",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2087",
    pages = "489--493",
}
@inproceedings{aly-atiya-2013-labr,
    title = "{LABR}: A Large Scale {A}rabic Book Reviews Dataset",
    author = "Aly, Mohamed  and
      Atiya, Amir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2088",
    pages = "494--498",
}
@inproceedings{reschke-etal-2013-generating,
    title = "Generating Recommendation Dialogs by Extracting Information from User Reviews",
    author = "Reschke, Kevin  and
      Vogel, Adam  and
      Jurafsky, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2089",
    pages = "499--504",
}
@inproceedings{volkova-etal-2013-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Sentiment in Social Media: Bootstrapping Subjectivity Clues from Multilingual Twitter Streams",
    author = "Volkova, Svitlana  and
      Wilson, Theresa  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2090",
    pages = "505--510",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-joint,
    title = "Joint Modeling of News Reader{'}s and Comment Writer{'}s Emotions",
    author = "Liu, Huanhuan  and
      Li, Shoushan  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Li, Peifeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2091",
    pages = "511--515",
}
@inproceedings{okeefe-etal-2013-annotated,
    title = "An annotated corpus of quoted opinions in news articles",
    author = "O{'}Keefe, Tim  and
      Curran, James R.  and
      Ashwell, Peter  and
      Koprinska, Irena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2092",
    pages = "516--520",
}
@inproceedings{xia-etal-2013-dual,
    title = "Dual Training and Dual Prediction for Polarity Classification",
    author = "Xia, Rui  and
      Wang, Tao  and
      Hu, Xuelei  and
      Li, Shoushan  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2093",
    pages = "521--525",
}
@inproceedings{wan-2013-co,
    title = "Co-Regression for Cross-Language Review Rating Prediction",
    author = "Wan, Xiaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2094",
    pages = "526--531",
}
@inproceedings{boella-di-caro-2013-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Definitions and Hypernym Relations relying on Syntactic Dependencies and Support Vector Machines",
    author = "Boella, Guido  and
      Di Caro, Luigi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2095",
    pages = "532--537",
}
@inproceedings{bhingardive-etal-2013-neighbors,
    title = "Neighbors Help: Bilingual Unsupervised {WSD} Using Context",
    author = "Bhingardive, Sudha  and
      Shaikh, Samiulla  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2096",
    pages = "538--542",
}
@inproceedings{beck-etal-2013-reducing,
    title = "Reducing Annotation Effort for Quality Estimation via Active Learning",
    author = "Beck, Daniel  and
      Specia, Lucia  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2097",
    pages = "543--548",
}
@inproceedings{tomeh-etal-2013-reranking,
    title = "Reranking with Linguistic and Semantic Features for {A}rabic Optical Character Recognition",
    author = "Tomeh, Nadi  and
      Habash, Nizar  and
      Roth, Ryan  and
      Farra, Noura  and
      Dasigi, Pradeep  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2098",
    pages = "549--555",
}
@inproceedings{li-li-2013-evolutionary,
    title = "Evolutionary Hierarchical {D}irichlet Process for Timeline Summarization",
    author = "Li, Jiwei  and
      Li, Sujian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2099",
    pages = "556--560",
}
@inproceedings{lampouras-androutsopoulos-2013-using,
    title = "Using Integer Linear Programming in Concept-to-Text Generation to Produce More Compact Texts",
    author = "Lampouras, Gerasimos  and
      Androutsopoulos, Ion",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2100",
    pages = "561--566",
}
@inproceedings{gao-etal-2013-sequential,
    title = "Sequential Summarization: A New Application for Timely Updated Twitter Trending Topics",
    author = "Gao, Dehong  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Zhang, Renxian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2101",
    pages = "567--571",
}
@inproceedings{jha-etal-2013-system,
    title = "A System for Summarizing Scientific Topics Starting from Keywords",
    author = "Jha, Rahul  and
      Abu-Jbara, Amjad  and
      Radev, Dragomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2102",
    pages = "572--577",
}
@inproceedings{tsarfaty-2013-unified,
    title = "A Unified Morpho-Syntactic Scheme of {S}tanford Dependencies",
    author = "Tsarfaty, Reut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2103",
    pages = "578--584",
}
@inproceedings{ma-xia-2013-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Parser Adaptation with Subtrees from Auto-Parsed Target Domain Data",
    author = "Ma, Xuezhe  and
      Xia, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2104",
    pages = "585--590",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-iterative,
    title = "Iterative Transformation of Annotation Guidelines for Constituency Parsing",
    author = {Li, Xiang  and
      Jiang, Wenbin  and
      L{\"u}, Yajuan  and
      Liu, Qun},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2105",
    pages = "591--596",
}
@inproceedings{yamangil-shieber-2013-nonparametric,
    title = "Nonparametric {B}ayesian Inference and Efficient Parsing for Tree-adjoining Grammars",
    author = "Yamangil, Elif  and
      Shieber, Stuart M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2106",
    pages = "597--603",
}
@inproceedings{ambati-etal-2013-using,
    title = "Using {CCG} categories to improve {H}indi dependency parsing",
    author = "Ambati, Bharat Ram  and
      Deoskar, Tejaswini  and
      Steedman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2107",
    pages = "604--609",
}
@inproceedings{coppola-steedman-2013-effect,
    title = "The Effect of Higher-Order Dependency Features in Discriminative Phrase-Structure Parsing",
    author = "Coppola, Greg  and
      Steedman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2108",
    pages = "610--616",
}
@inproceedings{martins-etal-2013-turning,
    title = "Turning on the Turbo: Fast Third-Order Non-Projective Turbo Parsers",
    author = "Martins, Andr{\'e}  and
      Almeida, Miguel  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2109",
    pages = "617--622",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-lattice,
    title = "A Lattice-based Framework for Joint {C}hinese Word Segmentation, {POS} Tagging and Parsing",
    author = "Wang, Zhiguo  and
      Zong, Chengqing  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2110",
    pages = "623--627",
}
@inproceedings{goldberg-etal-2013-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Implementation of Beam-Search Incremental Parsers",
    author = "Goldberg, Yoav  and
      Zhao, Kai  and
      Huang, Liang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2111",
    pages = "628--633",
}
@inproceedings{duong-etal-2013-simpler,
    title = "Simpler unsupervised {POS} tagging with bilingual projections",
    author = "Duong, Long  and
      Cook, Paul  and
      Bird, Steven  and
      Pecina, Pavel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2112",
    pages = "634--639",
}
@inproceedings{sogaard-2013-part,
    title = "Part-of-speech tagging with antagonistic adversaries",
    author = "S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2113",
    pages = "640--644",
}
@inproceedings{derczynski-gaizauskas-2013-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Signals Help Label Temporal Relations",
    author = "Derczynski, Leon  and
      Gaizauskas, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2114",
    pages = "645--650",
}
@inproceedings{habibi-popescu-belis-2013-diverse,
    title = "Diverse Keyword Extraction from Conversations",
    author = "Habibi, Maryam  and
      Popescu-Belis, Andrei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2115",
    pages = "651--657",
}
@inproceedings{govindaraju-etal-2013-understanding,
    title = "Understanding Tables in Context Using Standard {NLP} Toolkits",
    author = "Govindaraju, Vidhya  and
      Zhang, Ce  and
      R{\'e}, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2116",
    pages = "658--664",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2013-filling,
    title = "Filling Knowledge Base Gaps for Distant Supervision of Relation Extraction",
    author = "Xu, Wei  and
      Hoffmann, Raphael  and
      Zhao, Le  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2117",
    pages = "665--670",
}
@inproceedings{radford-curran-2013-joint,
    title = "Joint Apposition Extraction with Syntactic and Semantic Constraints",
    author = "Radford, Will  and
      Curran, James R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2118",
    pages = "671--677",
}
@inproceedings{duh-etal-2013-adaptation,
    title = "Adaptation Data Selection using Neural Language Models: Experiments in Machine Translation",
    author = "Duh, Kevin  and
      Neubig, Graham  and
      Sudoh, Katsuhito  and
      Tsukada, Hajime",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2119",
    pages = "678--683",
}
@inproceedings{langlais-2013-mapping,
    title = "Mapping Source to Target Strings without Alignment by Analogical Learning: A Case Study with Transliteration",
    author = "Langlais, Phillippe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2120",
    pages = "684--689",
}
@inproceedings{heafield-etal-2013-scalable,
    title = "Scalable Modified {K}neser-{N}ey Language Model Estimation",
    author = "Heafield, Kenneth  and
      Pouzyrevsky, Ivan  and
      Clark, Jonathan H.  and
      Koehn, Philipp",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2121",
    pages = "690--696",
}
@inproceedings{hewavitharana-etal-2013-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Topic-Based Translation Model Adaptation for Conversational Spoken Language Translation",
    author = "Hewavitharana, Sanjika  and
      Mehay, Dennis  and
      Ananthakrishnan, Sankaranarayanan  and
      Natarajan, Prem",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2122",
    pages = "697--701",
}
@inproceedings{yao-etal-2013-lightweight,
    title = "A Lightweight and High Performance Monolingual Word Aligner",
    author = "Yao, Xuchen  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      Clark, Peter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2123",
    pages = "702--707",
}
@inproceedings{sawai-etal-2013-learner,
    title = "A Learner Corpus-based Approach to Verb Suggestion for {ESL}",
    author = "Sawai, Yu  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2124",
    pages = "708--713",
}
@inproceedings{severyn-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning Semantic Textual Similarity with Structural Representations",
    author = "Severyn, Aliaksei  and
      Nicosia, Massimo  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2125",
    pages = "714--718",
}
@inproceedings{salama-etal-2013-typesetting,
    title = "Typesetting for Improved Readability using Lexical and Syntactic Information",
    author = "Salama, Ahmed  and
      Oflazer, Kemal  and
      Hagan, Susan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2126",
    pages = "719--724",
}
@inproceedings{martinez-alonso-etal-2013-annotation,
    title = "Annotation of regular polysemy and underspecification",
    author = "Mart{\'\i}nez Alonso, H{\'e}ctor  and
      Sandford Pedersen, Bolette  and
      Bel, N{\'u}ria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2127",
    pages = "725--730",
}
@inproceedings{pado-etal-2013-derivational,
    title = "Derivational Smoothing for Syntactic Distributional Semantics",
    author = "Pad{\'o}, Sebastian  and
      {\v{S}}najder, Jan  and
      Zeller, Britta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2128",
    pages = "731--735",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2013-diathesis,
    title = "Diathesis alternation approximation for verb clustering",
    author = "Sun, Lin  and
      McCarthy, Diana  and
      Korhonen, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2129",
    pages = "736--741",
}
@inproceedings{fossati-etal-2013-outsourcing,
    title = "Outsourcing {F}rame{N}et to the Crowd",
    author = "Fossati, Marco  and
      Giuliano, Claudio  and
      Tonelli, Sara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2130",
    pages = "742--747",
}
@inproceedings{cai-knight-2013-smatch,
    title = "{S}match: an Evaluation Metric for Semantic Feature Structures",
    author = "Cai, Shu  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2131",
    pages = "748--752",
}
@inproceedings{moran-etal-2013-variable,
    title = "Variable Bit Quantisation for {LSH}",
    author = "Moran, Sean  and
      Lavrenko, Victor  and
      Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2132",
    pages = "753--758",
}
@inproceedings{bouamor-etal-2013-context,
    title = "Context Vector Disambiguation for Bilingual Lexicon Extraction from Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Bouamor, Dhouha  and
      Semmar, Nasredine  and
      Zweigenbaum, Pierre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2133",
    pages = "759--764",
}
@inproceedings{dunietz-etal-2013-effects,
    title = "The Effects of Lexical Resource Quality on Preference Violation Detection",
    author = "Dunietz, Jesse  and
      Levin, Lori  and
      Carbonell, Jaime",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2134",
    pages = "765--770",
}
@inproceedings{de-souza-etal-2013-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Qualitative Information from Automatic Word Alignment for Cross-lingual {NLP} Tasks",
    author = "de Souza, Jos{\'e} G.C.  and
      Espl{\`a}-Gomis, Miquel  and
      Turchi, Marco  and
      Negri, Matteo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2135",
    pages = "771--776",
}
@inproceedings{faruqui-dyer-2013-information,
    title = "An Information Theoretic Approach to Bilingual Word Clustering",
    author = "Faruqui, Manaal  and
      Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2136",
    pages = "777--783",
}
@inproceedings{snajder-etal-2013-building,
    title = "Building and Evaluating a Distributional Memory for {C}roatian",
    author = "{\v{S}}najder, Jan  and
      Pad{\'o}, Sebastian  and
      Agi{\'c}, {\v{Z}}eljko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2137",
    pages = "784--789",
}
@inproceedings{kuznetsova-etal-2013-generalizing,
    title = "Generalizing Image Captions for Image-Text Parallel Corpus",
    author = "Kuznetsova, Polina  and
      Ordonez, Vicente  and
      Berg, Alexander  and
      Berg, Tamara  and
      Choi, Yejin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2138",
    pages = "790--796",
}
@inproceedings{glavas-snajder-2013-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing Identical Events with Graph Kernels",
    author = "Glava{\v{s}}, Goran  and
      {\v{S}}najder, Jan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2139",
    pages = "797--803",
}
@inproceedings{baldwin-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Term Ambiguity Detection",
    author = "Baldwin, Tyler  and
      Li, Yunyao  and
      Alexe, Bogdan  and
      Stanoi, Ioana R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2140",
    pages = "804--809",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards Accurate Distant Supervision for Relational Facts Extraction",
    author = "Zhang, Xingxing  and
      Zhang, Jianwen  and
      Zeng, Junyu  and
      Yan, Jun  and
      Chen, Zheng  and
      Sui, Zhifang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2141",
    pages = "810--815",
}
@inproceedings{hasan-ng-2013-extra,
    title = "Extra-Linguistic Constraints on Stance Recognition in Ideological Debates",
    author = "Hasan, Kazi Saidul  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2142",
    pages = "816--821",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2013-school,
    title = "Are School-of-thought Words Characterizable?",
    author = "Jiang, Xiaorui  and
      Sun, Xiaoping  and
      Zhuge, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2143",
    pages = "822--828",
}
@inproceedings{abu-jbara-etal-2013-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Opinion Subgroups in {A}rabic Online Discussions",
    author = "Abu-Jbara, Amjad  and
      King, Ben  and
      Diab, Mona  and
      Radev, Dragomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2144",
    pages = "829--835",
}
@inproceedings{wen-etal-2013-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Events with Informal Temporal References in Personal Histories in Online Communities",
    author = "Wen, Miaomiao  and
      Zheng, Zeyu  and
      Jang, Hyeju  and
      Xiang, Guang  and
      Penstein Ros{\'e}, Carolyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2145",
    pages = "836--842",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2013-multimodal,
    title = "Multimodal {DBN} for Predicting High-Quality Answers in c{QA} portals",
    author = "Hu, Haifeng  and
      Liu, Bingquan  and
      Wang, Baoxun  and
      Liu, Ming  and
      Wang, Xiaolong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2146",
    pages = "843--847",
}
@inproceedings{klinger-cimiano-2013-bi,
    title = "Bi-directional Inter-dependencies of Subjective Expressions and Targets and their Value for a Joint Model",
    author = "Klinger, Roman  and
      Cimiano, Philipp",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2147",
    pages = "848--854",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2013-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Sentiment Words Using an Optimization-based Model without Seed Words",
    author = "Yu, Hongliang  and
      Deng, Zhi-Hong  and
      Li, Shiyingxue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2148",
    pages = "855--859",
}
@inproceedings{ramteke-etal-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Turnarounds in Sentiment Analysis: Thwarting",
    author = "Ramteke, Ankit  and
      Malu, Akshat  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Nath, J. Saketha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2149",
    pages = "860--865",
}
@inproceedings{post-bergsma-2013-explicit,
    title = "Explicit and Implicit Syntactic Features for Text Classification",
    author = "Post, Matt  and
      Bergsma, Shane",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2150",
    pages = "866--872",
}
@inproceedings{daland-zuraw-2013-korean,
    title = "Does {K}orean defeat phonotactic word segmentation?",
    author = "Daland, Robert  and
      Zuraw, Kie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2151",
    pages = "873--877",
}
@inproceedings{frank-etal-2013-word,
    title = "Word surprisal predicts N400 amplitude during reading",
    author = "Frank, Stefan L.  and
      Otten, Leun J.  and
      Galli, Giulia  and
      Vigliocco, Gabriella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2152",
    pages = "878--883",
}
@inproceedings{ryan-etal-2013-computerized,
    title = "Computerized Analysis of a Verbal Fluency Test",
    author = "Ryan, James O.  and
      Pakhomov, Serguei  and
      Marino, Susan  and
      Bernick, Charles  and
      Banks, Sarah",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2153",
    pages = "884--889",
}
@inproceedings{szumlanski-etal-2013-new,
    title = "A New Set of Norms for Semantic Relatedness Measures",
    author = "Szumlanski, Sean  and
      Gomez, Fernando  and
      Sims, Valerie K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-2154",
    pages = "890--895",
}
@proceedings{acl-2013-association-linguistics-student,
    title = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    author = "Dey, Anik  and
      Krause, Sebastian  and
      Nikolova, Ivelina  and
      Vecchi, Eva  and
      Bethard, Steven  and
      Nakov, Preslav I.  and
      Xu, Feiyu",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3000",
}
@inproceedings{akkus-cakici-2013-categorization,
    title = "Categorization of {T}urkish News Documents with Morphological Analysis",
    author = "Akku{\c{s}}, Burak Kerim  and
      Cakici, Ruket",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3001",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{barbaresi-2013-crawling,
    title = "Crawling microblogging services to gather language-classified {URL}s. Workflow and case study",
    author = "Barbaresi, Adrien",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3002",
    pages = "9--15",
}
@inproceedings{chen-2013-patient,
    title = "Patient Experience in Online Support Forums: Modeling Interpersonal Interactions and Medication Use",
    author = "Chen, Annie",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3003",
    pages = "16--22",
}
@inproceedings{florou-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Metaphor by Contextual Analogy",
    author = "Florou, Eirini",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3004",
    pages = "23--30",
}
@inproceedings{ivanova-etal-2013-survey,
    title = "Survey on parsing three dependency representations for {E}nglish",
    author = "Ivanova, Angelina  and
      Oepen, Stephan  and
      {\O}vrelid, Lilja",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3005",
    pages = "31--37",
}
@inproceedings{mihaila-ananiadou-2013-causes,
    title = "What causes a causal relation? Detecting Causal Triggers in Biomedical Scientific Discourse",
    author = "Mih{\u{a}}il{\u{a}}, Claudiu  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3006",
    pages = "38--45",
}
@inproceedings{ogura-kobayashi-2013-text,
    title = "Text Classification based on the Latent Topics of Important Sentences extracted by the {P}age{R}ank Algorithm",
    author = "Ogura, Yukari  and
      Kobayashi, Ichiro",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3007",
    pages = "46--51",
}
@inproceedings{pereira-etal-2013-automated,
    title = "Automated Collocation Suggestion for {J}apanese Second Language Learners",
    author = "Pereira, Lis  and
      Manguilimotan, Erlyn  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3008",
    pages = "52--58",
}
@inproceedings{rajan-2013-understanding,
    title = "Understanding Verbs based on Overlapping Verbs Senses",
    author = "Rajan, Kavitha",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3009",
    pages = "59--66",
}
@inproceedings{sarioglu-etal-2013-topic,
    title = "Topic Modeling Based Classification of Clinical Reports",
    author = "Sarioglu, Efsun  and
      Yadav, Kabir  and
      Choi, Hyeong-Ah",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3010",
    pages = "67--73",
}
@inproceedings{skeppstedt-2013-annotating,
    title = "Annotating named entities in clinical text by combining pre-annotation and active learning",
    author = "Skeppstedt, Maria",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3011",
    pages = "74--80",
}
@inproceedings{martschat-2013-multigraph,
    title = "Multigraph Clustering for Unsupervised Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Martschat, Sebastian",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3012",
    pages = "81--88",
}
@inproceedings{niculae-yaneva-2013-computational,
    title = "Computational considerations of comparisons and similes",
    author = "Niculae, Vlad  and
      Yaneva, Victoria",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3013",
    pages = "89--95",
}
@inproceedings{przybyla-2013-question,
    title = "Question Analysis for Polish Question Answering",
    author = "Przyby{\l}a, Piotr",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3014",
    pages = "96--102",
}
@inproceedings{shardlow-2013-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Techniques to Automatically Identify Complex Words.",
    author = "Shardlow, Matthew",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3015",
    pages = "103--109",
}
@inproceedings{takase-etal-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Chronic Critics Based on Sentiment Polarity and User{'}s Behavior in Social Media",
    author = "Takase, Sho  and
      Murakami, Akiko  and
      Enoki, Miki  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3016",
    pages = "110--116",
}
@inproceedings{cirik-2013-addressing,
    title = "Addressing Ambiguity in Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Induction with Substitute Vectors",
    author = "Cirik, Volkan",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3017",
    pages = "117--122",
}
@inproceedings{dasgupta-2013-psycholinguistically,
    title = "Psycholinguistically Motivated Computational Models on the Organization and Processing of Morphologically Complex Words",
    author = "Dasgupta, Tirthankar",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3018",
    pages = "123--129",
}
@inproceedings{duma-etal-2013-new,
    title = "A New Syntactic Metric for Evaluation of Machine Translation",
    author = "Duma, Melania  and
      Vertan, Cristina  and
      Menzel, Wolfgang",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3019",
    pages = "130--135",
}
@inproceedings{eriguchi-kobayashi-2013-high,
    title = "High-quality Training Data Selection using Latent Topics for Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning",
    author = "Eriguchi, Akiko  and
      Kobayashi, Ichiro",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3020",
    pages = "136--141",
}
@inproceedings{klerke-sogaard-2013-simple,
    title = "Simple, readable sub-sentences",
    author = "Klerke, Sigrid  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3021",
    pages = "142--149",
}
@inproceedings{lu-2013-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Word Order Universals: a Probabilistic Graphical Model Approach",
    author = "Lu, Xia",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3022",
    pages = "150--157",
}
@inproceedings{dusek-jurcicek-2013-robust,
    title = "Robust multilingual statistical morphological generation models",
    author = "Du{\v{s}}ek, Ond{\v{r}}ej  and
      Jur{\v{c}}{\'\i}{\v{c}}ek, Filip",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3023",
    pages = "158--164",
}
@inproceedings{fourtassi-dupoux-2013-corpus,
    title = "A corpus-based evaluation method for Distributional Semantic Models",
    author = "Fourtassi, Abdellah  and
      Dupoux, Emmanuel",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3024",
    pages = "165--171",
}
@inproceedings{rosa-etal-2013-deepfix,
    title = "{D}eepfix: Statistical Post-editing of Statistical Machine Translation Using Deep Syntactic Analysis",
    author = "Rosa, Rudolf  and
      Mare{\v{c}}ek, David  and
      Tamchyna, Ale{\v{s}}",
    booktitle = "51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-3025",
    pages = "172--179",
}
@proceedings{acl-2013-association-linguistics-system,
    title = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    author = "Butt, Miriam  and
      Hussain, Sarmad",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4000",
}
@inproceedings{yimam-etal-2013-webanno,
    title = "{W}eb{A}nno: A Flexible, Web-based and Visually Supported System for Distributed Annotations",
    author = "Yimam, Seid Muhie  and
      Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Eckart de Castilho, Richard  and
      Biemann, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{han-etal-2013-stacking,
    title = "A Stacking-based Approach to Twitter User Geolocation Prediction",
    author = "Han, Bo  and
      Cook, Paul  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{list-moran-2013-open,
    title = "An Open Source Toolkit for Quantitative Historical Linguistics",
    author = "List, Johann-Mattis  and
      Moran, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{tablan-etal-2013-annomarket,
    title = "{A}nno{M}arket: An Open Cloud Platform for {NLP}",
    author = "Tablan, Valentin  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina  and
      Roberts, Ian  and
      Cunningham, Hamish  and
      Dimitrov, Marin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{balahur-tanev-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Event-Related Links and Sentiments from Social Media Texts",
    author = "Balahur, Alexandra  and
      Tanev, Hristo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4005",
    pages = "25--30",
}
@inproceedings{dinu-etal-2013-dissect,
    title = "{DISSECT} - {DIS}tributional {SE}mantics Composition Toolkit",
    author = "Dinu, Georgiana  and
      Pham, Nghia The  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4006",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{miller-etal-2013-dkpro,
    title = "{DKP}ro {WSD}: A Generalized {UIMA}-based Framework for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Miller, Tristan  and
      Erbs, Nicolai  and
      Zorn, Hans-Peter  and
      Zesch, Torsten  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4007",
    pages = "37--42",
}
@inproceedings{kontonatsios-etal-2013-extending,
    title = "Extending an interoperable platform to facilitate the creation of multilingual and multimodal {NLP} applications",
    author = "Kontonatsios, Georgios  and
      Thompson, Paul  and
      Batista-Navarro, Riza Theresa  and
      Mih{\u{a}}il{\u{a}}, Claudiu  and
      Korkontzelos, Ioannis  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4008",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{qiu-etal-2013-fudannlp,
    title = "{F}udan{NLP}: A Toolkit for {C}hinese Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Qiu, Xipeng  and
      Zhang, Qi  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{gartner-etal-2013-icarus,
    title = "{ICARUS} {--} An Extensible Graphical Search Tool for Dependency Treebanks",
    author = {G{\"a}rtner, Markus  and
      Thiele, Gregor  and
      Seeker, Wolfgang  and
      Bj{\"o}rkelund, Anders  and
      Kuhn, Jonas},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{fialho-etal-2013-meet,
    title = "Meet {EDGAR}, a tutoring agent at {MONSERRATE}",
    author = "Fialho, Pedro  and
      Coheur, Lu{\'\i}sa  and
      Curto, S{\'e}rgio  and
      Cl{\'a}udio, Pedro  and
      Costa, {\^A}ngela  and
      Abad, Alberto  and
      Meinedo, Hugo  and
      Trancoso, Isabel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4011",
    pages = "61--66",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-pal,
    title = "{PAL}: A Chatterbot System for Answering Domain-specific Questions",
    author = "Liu, Yuanchao  and
      Liu, Ming  and
      Wang, Xiaolong  and
      Wang, Limin  and
      Li, Jingjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4012",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@inproceedings{mayer-rohrdantz-2013-phonmatrix,
    title = "{P}hon{M}atrix: Visualizing co-occurrence constraints of sounds",
    author = "Mayer, Thomas  and
      Rohrdantz, Christian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4013",
    pages = "73--78",
}
@inproceedings{specia-etal-2013-quest,
    title = "{Q}u{E}st - A translation quality estimation framework",
    author = "Specia, Lucia  and
      Shah, Kashif  and
      de Souza, Jose G.C.  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4014",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{mirkin-etal-2013-sort,
    title = "{SORT}: An Interactive Source-Rewriting Tool for Improved Translation",
    author = "Mirkin, Shachar  and
      Venkatapathy, Sriram  and
      Dymetman, Marc  and
      Calapodescu, Ioan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4015",
    pages = "85--90",
}
@inproceedings{neubig-2013-travatar,
    title = "{T}ravatar: A Forest-to-String Machine Translation Engine based on Tree Transducers",
    author = "Neubig, Graham",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4016",
    pages = "91--96",
}
@inproceedings{shnarch-etal-2013-plis,
    title = "{PLIS}: a Probabilistic Lexical Inference System",
    author = "Shnarch, Eyal  and
      Segal-haLevi, Erel  and
      Goldberger, Jacob  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4017",
    pages = "97--102",
}
@inproceedings{faralli-navigli-2013-java,
    title = "A {J}ava Framework for Multilingual Definition and Hypernym Extraction",
    author = "Faralli, Stefano  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4018",
    pages = "103--108",
}
@inproceedings{lamprecht-etal-2013-visual,
    title = "A Visual Analytics System for Cluster Exploration",
    author = {Lamprecht, Andreas  and
      Hautli, Annette  and
      Rohrdantz, Christian  and
      B{\"o}gel, Tina},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4019",
    pages = "109--114",
}
@inproceedings{rak-etal-2013-development,
    title = "Development and Analysis of {NLP} Pipelines in Argo",
    author = "Rak, Rafal  and
      Rowley, Andrew  and
      Carter, Jacob  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4020",
    pages = "115--120",
}
@inproceedings{bar-etal-2013-dkpro,
    title = "{DKP}ro Similarity: An Open Source Framework for Text Similarity",
    author = {B{\"a}r, Daniel  and
      Zesch, Torsten  and
      Gurevych, Iryna},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4021",
    pages = "121--126",
}
@inproceedings{wellens-etal-2013-fluid,
    title = "Fluid Construction Grammar for Historical and Evolutionary Linguistics",
    author = "Wellens, Pieter  and
      van Trijp, Remi  and
      Beuls, Katrien  and
      Steels, Luc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4022",
    pages = "127--132",
}
@inproceedings{yosef-etal-2013-hyena,
    title = "{HYENA}-live: Fine-Grained Online Entity Type Classification from Natural-language Text",
    author = "Yosef, Mohamed Amir  and
      Bauer, Sandro  and
      Hoffart, Johannes  and
      Spaniol, Marc  and
      Weikum, Gerhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4023",
    pages = "133--138",
}
@inproceedings{boisson-etal-2013-linggle,
    title = "{L}inggle: a Web-scale Linguistic Search Engine for Words in Context",
    author = "Boisson, Joanne  and
      Kao, Ting-Hui  and
      Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Yen, Tzu-Hsi  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4024",
    pages = "139--144",
}
@inproceedings{kotlerman-etal-2013-paraquery,
    title = "{P}ara{Q}uery: Making Sense of Paraphrase Collections",
    author = "Kotlerman, Lili  and
      Madnani, Nitin  and
      Cahill, Aoife",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4025",
    pages = "145--150",
}
@inproceedings{agirre-etal-2013-paths,
    title = "{PATHS}: A System for Accessing Cultural Heritage Collections",
    author = "Agirre, Eneko  and
      Aletras, Nikolaos  and
      Clough, Paul  and
      Fernando, Samuel  and
      Goodale, Paula  and
      Hall, Mark  and
      Soroa, Aitor  and
      Stevenson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4026",
    pages = "151--156",
}
@inproceedings{akbik-etal-2013-propminer,
    title = "{P}ropminer: A Workflow for Interactive Information Extraction and Exploration using Dependency Trees",
    author = "Akbik, Alan  and
      Konomi, Oresti  and
      Melnikov, Michail",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4027",
    pages = "157--162",
}
@inproceedings{rus-etal-2013-semilar,
    title = "{SEMILAR}: The Semantic Similarity Toolkit",
    author = "Rus, Vasile  and
      Lintean, Mihai  and
      Banjade, Rajendra  and
      Niraula, Nobal  and
      Stefanescu, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4028",
    pages = "163--168",
}
@inproceedings{ponnamperuma-etal-2013-tag2blog,
    title = "{T}ag2{B}log: Narrative Generation from Satellite Tag Data",
    author = "Ponnamperuma, Kapila  and
      Siddharthan, Advaith  and
      Zeng, Cheng  and
      Mellish, Chris  and
      van der Wal, Ren{\'e}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4029",
    pages = "169--174",
}
@inproceedings{kunchukuttan-etal-2013-transdoop,
    title = "{T}rans{D}oop: A Map-Reduce based Crowdsourced Translation for Complex Domain",
    author = "Kunchukuttan, Anoop  and
      Chatterjee, Rajen  and
      Roy, Shourya  and
      Mishra, Abhijit  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4030",
    pages = "175--180",
}
@inproceedings{gonzalez-etal-2013-tsearch,
    title = "t{SEARCH}: Flexible and Fast Search over Automatic Translations for Improved Quality/Error Analysis",
    author = "Gonz{\`a}lez, Meritxell  and
      Mascarell, Laura  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4031",
    pages = "181--186",
}
@inproceedings{bruni-etal-2013-vsem,
    title = "{VSEM}: An open library for visual semantics representation",
    author = "Bruni, Elia  and
      Bordignon, Ulisse  and
      Liska, Adam  and
      Uijlings, Jasper  and
      Sergienya, Irina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4032",
    pages = "187--192",
}
@inproceedings{hardmeier-etal-2013-docent,
    title = "{D}ocent: A Document-Level Decoder for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = {Hardmeier, Christian  and
      Stymne, Sara  and
      Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg  and
      Nivre, Joakim},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4033",
    pages = "193--198",
}
@inproceedings{eidelman-etal-2013-mr,
    title = "Mr. {MIRA}: Open-Source Large-Margin Structured Learning on {M}ap{R}educe",
    author = "Eidelman, Vladimir  and
      Wu, Ke  and
      Ture, Ferhan  and
      Resnik, Philip  and
      Lin, Jimmy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4034",
    pages = "199--204",
}
@proceedings{acl-2013-association-linguistics-tutorials,
    title = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Tutorials)",
    author = "Bos, Johan  and
      Hall, Keith",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-5000",
}
@inproceedings{bruni-baroni-2013-visual,
    title = "Visual Features for Linguists: Basic image analysis techniques for multimodally-curious {NLP}ers",
    author = "Bruni, Elia  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Tutorials)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-5001",
    pages = "1",
}
@inproceedings{artzi-etal-2013-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammars",
    author = "Artzi, Yoav  and
      FitzGerald, Nicholas  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Tutorials)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-5002",
    pages = "2",
}
@inproceedings{knight-2013-decipherment,
    title = "Decipherment",
    author = "Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Tutorials)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-5003",
    pages = "3--4",
}
@inproceedings{ponzetto-zielinski-2013-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Social Media for Natural Language Processing: Bridging the Gap between Language-centric and Real-world Applications",
    author = "Ponzetto, Simone Paolo  and
      Zielinski, Andrea",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Tutorials)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-5004",
    pages = "5--6",
}
@inproceedings{kordoni-egg-2013-robust,
    title = "Robust Automated Natural Language Processing with Multiword Expressions and Collocations",
    author = "Kordoni, Valia  and
      Egg, Markus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Tutorials)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-5005",
    pages = "7--8",
}
@inproceedings{burkett-klein-2013-variational,
    title = "Variational Inference for Structured {NLP} Models",
    author = "Burkett, David  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Tutorials)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-5006",
    pages = "9--10",
}
@inproceedings{kornai-etal-2013-mathematics,
    title = "The mathematics of language learning",
    author = {Kornai, Andr{\'a}s  and
      Penn, Gerald  and
      Rogers, James  and
      Yli-Jyr{\"a}, Anssi},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Tutorials)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Sofia, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-5007",
    pages = "11--13",
}
@proceedings{acl-2007-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    author = "Zaenen, Annie  and
      van den Bosch, Antal",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1000",
}
@inproceedings{deng-gao-2007-guiding,
    title = "Guiding Statistical Word Alignment Models With Prior Knowledge",
    author = "Deng, Yonggang  and
      Gao, Yuqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1001",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{chang-toutanova-2007-discriminative,
    title = "A Discriminative Syntactic Word Order Model for Machine Translation",
    author = "Chang, Pi-Chuan  and
      Toutanova, Kristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1002",
    pages = "9--16",
}
@inproceedings{denero-klein-2007-tailoring,
    title = "Tailoring Word Alignments to Syntactic Machine Translation",
    author = "DeNero, John  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1003",
    pages = "17--24",
}
@inproceedings{ueffing-etal-2007-transductive,
    title = "Transductive learning for statistical machine translation",
    author = "Ueffing, Nicola  and
      Haffari, Gholamreza  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1004",
    pages = "25--32",
}
@inproceedings{chan-etal-2007-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation Improves Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Chan, Yee Seng  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1005",
    pages = "33--40",
}
@inproceedings{specia-etal-2007-learning,
    title = "Learning Expressive Models for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Specia, Lucia  and
      Stevenson, Mark  and
      Volpe Nunes, Maria das Gra{\c{c}}as",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1006",
    pages = "41--48",
}
@inproceedings{chan-ng-2007-domain,
    title = "Domain Adaptation with Active Learning for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Chan, Yee Seng  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1007",
    pages = "49--56",
}
@inproceedings{veale-hao-2007-making,
    title = "Making Lexical Ontologies Functional and Context-Sensitive",
    author = "Veale, Tony  and
      Hao, Yanfen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1008",
    pages = "57--64",
}
@inproceedings{daume-iii-campbell-2007-bayesian,
    title = "A {B}ayesian Model for Discovering Typological Implications",
    author = "Daum{\'e} III, Hal  and
      Campbell, Lyle",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1009",
    pages = "65--72",
}
@inproceedings{okanohara-tsujii-2007-discriminative,
    title = "A discriminative language model with pseudo-negative samples",
    author = "Okanohara, Daisuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1010",
    pages = "73--80",
}
@inproceedings{spitters-etal-2007-learning,
    title = "Learning to Compose Effective Strategies from a Library of Dialogue Components",
    author = "Spitters, Martijn  and
      De Boni, Marco  and
      Zavrel, Jakub  and
      Bonnema, Remko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1100",
    pages = "792--799",
}
@inproceedings{gravano-etal-2007-role,
    title = "On the role of context and prosody in the interpretation of {`}okay{'}",
    author = "Gravano, Agust{\'\i}n  and
      Benus, Stefan  and
      Ch{\'a}vez, H{\'e}ctor  and
      Hirschberg, Julia  and
      Wilcox, Lauren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1101",
    pages = "800--807",
}
@inproceedings{reitter-moore-2007-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Success in Dialogue",
    author = "Reitter, David  and
      Moore, Johanna D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1102",
    pages = "808--815",
}
@inproceedings{muller-2007-resolving,
    title = "Resolving It, This, and That in Unrestricted Multi-Party Dialog",
    author = {M{\"u}ller, Christoph},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1103",
    pages = "816--823",
}
@inproceedings{gao-etal-2007-comparative,
    title = "A Comparative Study of Parameter Estimation Methods for Statistical Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Andrew, Galen  and
      Johnson, Mark  and
      Toutanova, Kristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1104",
    pages = "824--831",
}
@inproceedings{muresan-rambow-2007-grammar,
    title = "Grammar Approximation by Representative Sublanguage: A New Model for Language Learning",
    author = "Muresan, Smaranda  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1105",
    pages = "832--839",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-clark-2007-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Segmentation with a Word-Based Perceptron Algorithm",
    author = "Zhang, Yue  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1106",
    pages = "840--847",
}
@inproceedings{haghighi-klein-2007-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Coreference Resolution in a Nonparametric {B}ayesian Model",
    author = "Haghighi, Aria  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1107",
    pages = "848--855",
}
@inproceedings{wu-wang-2007-pivot,
    title = "Pivot Language Approach for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Wu, Hua  and
      Wang, Haifeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1108",
    pages = "856--863",
}
@inproceedings{sherif-kondrak-2007-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping a Stochastic Transducer for {A}rabic-{E}nglish Transliteration Extraction",
    author = "Sherif, Tarek  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1109",
    pages = "864--871",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2007-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Erroneous Sentences using Automatically Mined Sequential Patterns",
    author = "Sun, Guihua  and
      Liu, Xiaohua  and
      Cong, Gao  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Xiong, Zhongyang  and
      Lee, John  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1011",
    pages = "81--88",
}
@inproceedings{chew-abdelali-2007-benefits,
    title = "Benefits of the {`}Massively Parallel Rosetta Stone{'}: Cross-Language Information Retrieval with over 30 Languages",
    author = "Chew, Peter  and
      Abdelali, Ahmed",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1110",
    pages = "872--879",
}
@inproceedings{albrecht-hwa-2007-examination,
    title = "A Re-examination of Machine Learning Approaches for Sentence-Level {MT} Evaluation",
    author = "Albrecht, Joshua  and
      Hwa, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1111",
    pages = "880--887",
}
@inproceedings{cimiano-wenderoth-2007-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Acquisition of Ranked Qualia Structures from the Web",
    author = "Cimiano, Philipp  and
      Wenderoth, Johanna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1112",
    pages = "888--895",
}
@inproceedings{palmer-etal-2007-sequencing,
    title = "A Sequencing Model for Situation Entity Classification",
    author = "Palmer, Alexis  and
      Ponvert, Elias  and
      Baldridge, Jason  and
      Smith, Carlota",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1113",
    pages = "896--903",
}
@inproceedings{baroni-evert-2007-words,
    title = "Words and Echoes: Assessing and Mitigating the Non-Randomness Problem in Word Frequency Distribution Modeling",
    author = "Baroni, Marco  and
      Evert, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1114",
    pages = "904--911",
}
@inproceedings{preiss-etal-2007-system,
    title = "A System for Large-Scale Acquisition of Verbal, Nominal and Adjectival Subcategorization Frames from Corpora",
    author = "Preiss, Judita  and
      Briscoe, Ted  and
      Korhonen, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1115",
    pages = "912--919",
}
@inproceedings{demberg-2007-language,
    title = "A Language-Independent Unsupervised Model for Morphological Segmentation",
    author = "Demberg, Vera",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1116",
    pages = "920--927",
}
@inproceedings{barthelemy-2007-using,
    title = "Using Mazurkiewicz Trace Languages for Partition-Based Morphology",
    author = "Barth{\'e}lemy, Fran{\c{c}}ois",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1117",
    pages = "928--935",
}
@inproceedings{daland-etal-2007-much,
    title = "Much ado about nothing: A social network model of {R}ussian paradigmatic gaps",
    author = "Daland, Robert  and
      Sims, Andrea D.  and
      Pierrehumbert, Janet",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1118",
    pages = "936--943",
}
@inproceedings{sherif-kondrak-2007-substring,
    title = "Substring-Based Transliteration",
    author = "Sherif, Tarek  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1119",
    pages = "944--951",
}
@inproceedings{puurula-kurimo-2007-vocabulary,
    title = "Vocabulary Decomposition for {E}stonian Open Vocabulary Speech Recognition",
    author = "Puurula, Antti  and
      Kurimo, Mikko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1012",
    pages = "89--95",
}
@inproceedings{hollingshead-roark-2007-pipeline,
    title = "Pipeline Iteration",
    author = "Hollingshead, Kristy  and
      Roark, Brian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1120",
    pages = "952--959",
}
@inproceedings{wong-mooney-2007-learning,
    title = "Learning Synchronous Grammars for Semantic Parsing with Lambda Calculus",
    author = "Wong, Yuk Wah  and
      Mooney, Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1121",
    pages = "960--967",
}
@inproceedings{nilsson-etal-2007-generalizing,
    title = "Generalizing Tree Transformations for Inductive Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Nilsson, Jens  and
      Nivre, Joakim  and
      Hall, Johan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1122",
    pages = "968--975",
}
@inproceedings{mihalcea-etal-2007-learning,
    title = "Learning Multilingual Subjective Language via Cross-Lingual Projections",
    author = "Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Banea, Carmen  and
      Wiebe, Janyce",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1123",
    pages = "976--983",
}
@inproceedings{devitt-ahmad-2007-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Polarity Identification in Financial News: A Cohesion-based Approach",
    author = "Devitt, Ann  and
      Ahmad, Khurshid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1124",
    pages = "984--991",
}
@inproceedings{medlock-briscoe-2007-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised Learning for Hedge Classification in Scientific Literature",
    author = "Medlock, Ben  and
      Briscoe, Ted",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1125",
    pages = "992--999",
}
@inproceedings{deschacht-moens-2007-text,
    title = "Text Analysis for Automatic Image Annotation",
    author = "Deschacht, Koen  and
      Moens, Marie-Francine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1126",
    pages = "1000--1007",
}
@inproceedings{pallotta-etal-2007-user,
    title = "User Requirements Analysis for Meeting Information Retrieval Based on Query Elicitation",
    author = "Pallotta, Vincenzo  and
      Seretan, Violeta  and
      Ailomaa, Marita",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1127",
    pages = "1008--1015",
}
@inproceedings{hsueh-moore-2007-combining,
    title = "Combining Multiple Knowledge Sources for Dialogue Segmentation in Multimedia Archives",
    author = "Hsueh, Pei-Yun  and
      Moore, Johanna D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1128",
    pages = "1016--1023",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2007-topic,
    title = "Topic Analysis for Psychiatric Document Retrieval",
    author = "Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Hovy, Eduard  and
      Lin, Chia-Ling",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1129",
    pages = "1024--1031",
}
@inproceedings{demberg-etal-2007-phonological,
    title = "Phonological Constraints and Morphological Preprocessing for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion",
    author = {Demberg, Vera  and
      Schmid, Helmut  and
      M{\"o}hler, Gregor},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1013",
    pages = "96--103",
}
@inproceedings{gurevych-etal-2007-electronic,
    title = "What to be? - Electronic Career Guidance Based on Semantic Relatedness",
    author = {Gurevych, Iryna  and
      M{\"u}ller, Christof  and
      Zesch, Torsten},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1130",
    pages = "1032--1039",
}
@inproceedings{jing-etal-2007-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Social Networks and Biographical Facts From Conversational Speech Transcripts",
    author = "Jing, Hongyan  and
      Kambhatla, Nanda  and
      Roukos, Salim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1131",
    pages = "1040--1047",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-etal-2007-redundancy,
    title = "Redundancy Ratio: An Invariant Property of the Consonant Inventories of the World{'}s Languages",
    author = "Mukherjee, Animesh  and
      Choudhury, Monojit  and
      Basu, Anupam  and
      Ganguly, Niloy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1014",
    pages = "104--111",
}
@inproceedings{yoon-etal-2007-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Transliteration Using Feature based Phonetic Method",
    author = "Yoon, Su-Youn  and
      Kim, Kyoung-Young  and
      Sproat, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1015",
    pages = "112--119",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2007-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Transliteration of Personal Names",
    author = "Li, Haizhou  and
      Sim, Khe Chai  and
      Kuo, Jin-Shea  and
      Dong, Minghui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1016",
    pages = "120--127",
}
@inproceedings{minkov-etal-2007-generating,
    title = "Generating Complex Morphology for Machine Translation",
    author = "Minkov, Einat  and
      Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Suzuki, Hisami",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1017",
    pages = "128--135",
}
@inproceedings{babych-etal-2007-assisting,
    title = "Assisting Translators in Indirect Lexical Transfer",
    author = "Babych, Bogdan  and
      Hartley, Anthony  and
      Sharoff, Serge  and
      Mudraya, Olga",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1018",
    pages = "136--143",
}
@inproceedings{huang-chiang-2007-forest,
    title = "Forest Rescoring: Faster Decoding with Integrated Language Models",
    author = "Huang, Liang  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1019",
    pages = "144--151",
}
@inproceedings{bangalore-etal-2007-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Machine Translation through Global Lexical Selection and Sentence Reconstruction",
    author = "Bangalore, Srinivas  and
      Haffner, Patrick  and
      Kanthak, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1020",
    pages = "152--159",
}
@inproceedings{kuhlmann-mohl-2007-mildly,
    title = "Mildly Context-Sensitive Dependency Languages",
    author = {Kuhlmann, Marco  and
      M{\"o}hl, Mathias},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1021",
    pages = "160--167",
}
@inproceedings{johnson-2007-transforming,
    title = "Transforming Projective Bilexical Dependency Grammars into efficiently-parsable {CFG}s with Unfold-Fold",
    author = "Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1022",
    pages = "168--175",
}
@inproceedings{kanazawa-2007-parsing,
    title = "Parsing and Generation as Datalog Queries",
    author = "Kanazawa, Makoto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1023",
    pages = "176--183",
}
@inproceedings{gildea-temperley-2007-optimizing,
    title = "Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length",
    author = "Gildea, Daniel  and
      Temperley, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1024",
    pages = "184--191",
}
@inproceedings{gordon-swanson-2007-generalizing,
    title = "Generalizing semantic role annotations across syntactically similar verbs",
    author = "Gordon, Andrew  and
      Swanson, Reid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1025",
    pages = "192--199",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2007-grammar,
    title = "A Grammar-driven Convolution Tree Kernel for Semantic Role Classification",
    author = "Zhang, Min  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Aw, Aiti  and
      Tan, Chew Lim  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1026",
    pages = "200--207",
}
@inproceedings{liu-ng-2007-learning,
    title = "Learning Predictive Structures for Semantic Role Labeling of {N}om{B}ank",
    author = "Liu, Chang  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1027",
    pages = "208--215",
}
@inproceedings{erk-2007-simple,
    title = "A Simple, Similarity-based Model for Selectional Preferences",
    author = "Erk, Katrin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1028",
    pages = "216--223",
}
@inproceedings{goldberg-elhadad-2007-svm,
    title = "{SVM} Model Tampering and Anchored Learning: A Case Study in {H}ebrew {NP} Chunking",
    author = "Goldberg, Yoav  and
      Elhadad, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1029",
    pages = "224--231",
}
@inproceedings{davidov-etal-2007-fully,
    title = "Fully Unsupervised Discovery of Concept-Specific Relationships by Web Mining",
    author = "Davidov, Dmitry  and
      Rappoport, Ari  and
      Koppel, Moshe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1030",
    pages = "232--239",
}
@inproceedings{vadas-curran-2007-adding,
    title = "Adding Noun Phrase Structure to the {P}enn Treebank",
    author = "Vadas, David  and
      Curran, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1031",
    pages = "240--247",
}
@inproceedings{clark-curran-2007-formalism,
    title = "Formalism-Independent Parser Evaluation with {CCG} and {D}ep{B}ank",
    author = "Clark, Stephen  and
      Curran, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1032",
    pages = "248--255",
}
@inproceedings{daume-iii-2007-frustratingly,
    title = "Frustratingly Easy Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Daum{\'e} III, Hal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1033",
    pages = "256--263",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-zhai-2007-instance,
    title = "Instance Weighting for Domain Adaptation in {NLP}",
    author = "Jiang, Jing  and
      Zhai, ChengXiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1034",
    pages = "264--271",
}
@inproceedings{finkel-etal-2007-infinite,
    title = "The Infinite Tree",
    author = "Finkel, Jenny Rose  and
      Grenager, Trond  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1035",
    pages = "272--279",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2007-guiding,
    title = "Guiding Semi-Supervision with Constraint-Driven Learning",
    author = "Chang, Ming-Wei  and
      Ratinov, Lev  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1036",
    pages = "280--287",
}
@inproceedings{hassan-etal-2007-supertagged,
    title = "Supertagged Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Hassan, Hany  and
      Sima{'}an, Khalil  and
      Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1037",
    pages = "288--295",
}
@inproceedings{albrecht-hwa-2007-regression,
    title = "Regression for Sentence-Level {MT} Evaluation with Pseudo References",
    author = "Albrecht, Joshua  and
      Hwa, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1038",
    pages = "296--303",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2007-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping Word Alignment via Word Packing",
    author = "Ma, Yanjun  and
      Stroppa, Nicolas  and
      Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1039",
    pages = "304--311",
}
@inproceedings{rosti-etal-2007-improved,
    title = "Improved Word-Level System Combination for Machine Translation",
    author = "Rosti, Antti-Veikko  and
      Matsoukas, Spyros  and
      Schwartz, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1040",
    pages = "312--319",
}
@inproceedings{filippova-strube-2007-generating,
    title = "Generating Constituent Order in {G}erman Clauses",
    author = "Filippova, Katja  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1041",
    pages = "320--327",
}
@inproceedings{gardent-kow-2007-symbolic,
    title = "A Symbolic Approach to Near-Deterministic Surface Realisation using Tree Adjoining Grammar",
    author = "Gardent, Claire  and
      Kow, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1042",
    pages = "328--335",
}
@inproceedings{koller-stone-2007-sentence,
    title = "Sentence generation as a planning problem",
    author = "Koller, Alexander  and
      Stone, Matthew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1043",
    pages = "336--343",
}
@inproceedings{mutton-etal-2007-gleu,
    title = "{GLEU}: Automatic Evaluation of Sentence-Level Fluency",
    author = "Mutton, Andrew  and
      Dras, Mark  and
      Wan, Stephen  and
      Dale, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1044",
    pages = "344--351",
}
@inproceedings{eisenstein-davis-2007-conditional,
    title = "Conditional Modality Fusion for Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Eisenstein, Jacob  and
      Davis, Randall",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1045",
    pages = "352--359",
}
@inproceedings{rotaru-litman-2007-utility,
    title = "The Utility of a Graphical Representation of Discourse Structure in Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Rotaru, Mihai  and
      Litman, Diane",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1046",
    pages = "360--367",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2007-automated,
    title = "Automated Vocabulary Acquisition and Interpretation in Multimodal Conversational Systems",
    author = "Liu, Yi  and
      Chai, Joyce  and
      Jin, Rong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1047",
    pages = "368--375",
}
@inproceedings{johnston-etal-2007-multimodal,
    title = "A Multimodal Interface for Access to Content in the Home",
    author = "Johnston, Michael  and
      D{'}Haro, Luis Fernando  and
      Levine, Michelle  and
      Renger, Bernard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1048",
    pages = "376--383",
}
@inproceedings{seginer-2007-fast,
    title = "Fast Unsupervised Incremental Parsing",
    author = "Seginer, Yoav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1049",
    pages = "384--391",
}
@inproceedings{hall-2007-k,
    title = "K-best Spanning Tree Parsing",
    author = "Hall, Keith",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1050",
    pages = "392--399",
}
@inproceedings{bod-2007-end,
    title = "Is the End of Supervised Parsing in Sight?",
    author = "Bod, Rens",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1051",
    pages = "400--407",
}
@inproceedings{reichart-rappoport-2007-ensemble,
    title = "An Ensemble Method for Selection of High Quality Parses",
    author = "Reichart, Roi  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1052",
    pages = "408--415",
}
@inproceedings{ghose-etal-2007-opinion,
    title = "Opinion Mining using Econometrics: A Case Study on Reputation Systems",
    author = "Ghose, Anindya  and
      Ipeirotis, Panagiotis  and
      Sundararajan, Arun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1053",
    pages = "416--423",
}
@inproceedings{esuli-sebastiani-2007-pageranking,
    title = "{P}age{R}anking {W}ord{N}et Synsets: An Application to Opinion Mining",
    author = "Esuli, Andrea  and
      Sebastiani, Fabrizio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1054",
    pages = "424--431",
}
@inproceedings{mcdonald-etal-2007-structured,
    title = "Structured Models for Fine-to-Coarse Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "McDonald, Ryan  and
      Hannan, Kerry  and
      Neylon, Tyler  and
      Wells, Mike  and
      Reynar, Jeff",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1055",
    pages = "432--439",
}
@inproceedings{blitzer-etal-2007-biographies,
    title = "Biographies, {B}ollywood, Boom-boxes and Blenders: Domain Adaptation for Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Blitzer, John  and
      Dredze, Mark  and
      Pereira, Fernando",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1056",
    pages = "440--447",
}
@inproceedings{brody-2007-clustering,
    title = "Clustering Clauses for High-Level Relation Detection: An Information-theoretic Approach",
    author = "Brody, Samuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1057",
    pages = "448--455",
}
@inproceedings{szpektor-etal-2007-instance,
    title = "Instance-based Evaluation of Entailment Rule Acquisition",
    author = "Szpektor, Idan  and
      Shnarch, Eyal  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1058",
    pages = "456--463",
}
@inproceedings{riezler-etal-2007-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Machine Translation for Query Expansion in Answer Retrieval",
    author = "Riezler, Stefan  and
      Vasserman, Alexander  and
      Tsochantaridis, Ioannis  and
      Mittal, Vibhu  and
      Liu, Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1059",
    pages = "464--471",
}
@inproceedings{lee-2007-computational,
    title = "A Computational Model of Text Reuse in Ancient Literary Texts",
    author = "Lee, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1060",
    pages = "472--479",
}
@inproceedings{ferret-2007-finding,
    title = "Finding document topics for improving topic segmentation",
    author = "Ferret, Olivier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1061",
    pages = "480--487",
}
@inproceedings{fisher-roark-2007-utility,
    title = "The utility of parse-derived features for automatic discourse segmentation",
    author = "Fisher, Seeger  and
      Roark, Brian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1062",
    pages = "488--495",
}
@inproceedings{mairesse-walker-2007-personage,
    title = "{PERSONAGE}: Personality Generation for Dialogue",
    author = "Mairesse, Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Walker, Marilyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1063",
    pages = "496--503",
}
@inproceedings{malioutov-etal-2007-making,
    title = "Making Sense of Sound: Unsupervised Topic Segmentation over Acoustic Input",
    author = "Malioutov, Igor  and
      Park, Alex  and
      Barzilay, Regina  and
      Glass, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1064",
    pages = "504--511",
}
@inproceedings{talbot-osborne-2007-randomised,
    title = "Randomised Language Modelling for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Talbot, David  and
      Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1065",
    pages = "512--519",
}
@inproceedings{tam-etal-2007-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual-{LSA} Based {LM} Adaptation for Spoken Language Translation",
    author = "Tam, Yik-Cheung  and
      Lane, Ian  and
      Schultz, Tanja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1066",
    pages = "520--527",
}
@inproceedings{yang-su-2007-coreference,
    title = "Coreference Resolution Using Semantic Relatedness Information from Automatically Discovered Patterns",
    author = "Yang, Xiaofeng  and
      Su, Jian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1067",
    pages = "528--535",
}
@inproceedings{ng-2007-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Class Induction and Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1068",
    pages = "536--543",
}
@inproceedings{branavan-etal-2007-generating,
    title = "Generating a Table-of-Contents",
    author = "Branavan, S. R. K.  and
      Deshpande, Pawan  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1069",
    pages = "544--551",
}
@inproceedings{wan-etal-2007-towards,
    title = "Towards an Iterative Reinforcement Approach for Simultaneous Document Summarization and Keyword Extraction",
    author = "Wan, Xiaojun  and
      Yang, Jianwu  and
      Xiao, Jianguo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1070",
    pages = "552--559",
}
@inproceedings{collobert-weston-2007-fast,
    title = "Fast Semantic Extraction Using a Novel Neural Network Architecture",
    author = "Collobert, Ronan  and
      Weston, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1071",
    pages = "560--567",
}
@inproceedings{girju-2007-improving,
    title = "Improving the Interpretation of Noun Phrases with Cross-linguistic Information",
    author = "Girju, Roxana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1072",
    pages = "568--575",
}
@inproceedings{bunescu-mooney-2007-learning,
    title = "Learning to Extract Relations from the Web using Minimal Supervision",
    author = "Bunescu, Razvan  and
      Mooney, Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1073",
    pages = "576--583",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2007-seed,
    title = "A Seed-driven Bottom-up Machine Learning Framework for Extracting Relations of Various Complexity",
    author = "Xu, Feiyu  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans  and
      Li, Hong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1074",
    pages = "584--591",
}
@inproceedings{maslennikov-chua-2007-multi,
    title = "A Multi-resolution Framework for Information Extraction from Free Text",
    author = "Maslennikov, Mstislav  and
      Chua, Tat-Seng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1075",
    pages = "592--599",
}
@inproceedings{rosenfeld-feldman-2007-using,
    title = "Using Corpus Statistics on Entities to Improve Semi-supervised Relation Extraction from the Web",
    author = "Rosenfeld, Benjamin  and
      Feldman, Ronen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1076",
    pages = "600--607",
}
@inproceedings{havelka-2007-beyond,
    title = "Beyond Projectivity: Multilingual Evaluation of Constraints and Measures on Non-Projective Structures",
    author = "Havelka, Ji{\v{r}}{\'\i}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1077",
    pages = "608--615",
}
@inproceedings{reichart-rappoport-2007-self,
    title = "Self-Training for Enhancement and Domain Adaptation of Statistical Parsers Trained on Small Datasets",
    author = "Reichart, Roi  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1078",
    pages = "616--623",
}
@inproceedings{sagae-etal-2007-hpsg,
    title = "{HPSG} Parsing with Shallow Dependency Constraints",
    author = "Sagae, Kenji  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1079",
    pages = "624--631",
}
@inproceedings{titov-henderson-2007-constituent,
    title = "Constituent Parsing with Incremental Sigmoid Belief Networks",
    author = "Titov, Ivan  and
      Henderson, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1080",
    pages = "632--639",
}
@inproceedings{karimi-etal-2007-corpus,
    title = "Corpus Effects on the Evaluation of Automated Transliteration Systems",
    author = "Karimi, Sarvnaz  and
      Turpin, Andrew  and
      Scholer, Falk",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1081",
    pages = "640--647",
}
@inproceedings{karimi-etal-2007-collapsed,
    title = "Collapsed Consonant and Vowel Models: New Approaches for {E}nglish-{P}ersian Transliteration and Back-Transliteration",
    author = "Karimi, Sarvnaz  and
      Scholer, Falk  and
      Turpin, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1082",
    pages = "648--655",
}
@inproceedings{bergsma-kondrak-2007-alignment,
    title = "Alignment-Based Discriminative String Similarity",
    author = "Bergsma, Shane  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1083",
    pages = "656--663",
}
@inproceedings{morin-etal-2007-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Terminology Mining - Using Brain, not brawn comparable corpora",
    author = "Morin, Emmanuel  and
      Daille, B{\'e}atrice  and
      Takeuchi, Koichi  and
      Kageura, Kyo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1084",
    pages = "664--671",
}
@inproceedings{liu-liu-2007-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Language Model Adaptation Incorporating Named Entity Information",
    author = "Liu, Feifan  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1085",
    pages = "672--679",
}
@inproceedings{hogan-2007-coordinate,
    title = "Coordinate Noun Phrase Disambiguation in a Generative Parsing Model",
    author = "Hogan, Deirdre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1086",
    pages = "680--687",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2007-unified,
    title = "A Unified Tagging Approach to Text Normalization",
    author = "Zhu, Conghui  and
      Tang, Jie  and
      Li, Hang  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1087",
    pages = "688--695",
}
@inproceedings{downey-etal-2007-sparse,
    title = "Sparse Information Extraction: Unsupervised Language Models to the Rescue",
    author = "Downey, Doug  and
      Schoenmackers, Stefan  and
      Etzioni, Oren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1088",
    pages = "696--703",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2007-forest,
    title = "Forest-to-String Statistical Translation Rules",
    author = "Liu, Yang  and
      Huang, Yun  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Lin, Shouxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1089",
    pages = "704--711",
}
@inproceedings{setiawan-etal-2007-ordering,
    title = "Ordering Phrases with Function Words",
    author = "Setiawan, Hendra  and
      Kan, Min-Yen  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1090",
    pages = "712--719",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2007-probabilistic,
    title = "A Probabilistic Approach to Syntax-based Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Li, Chi-Ho  and
      Li, Minghui  and
      Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Guan, Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1091",
    pages = "720--727",
}
@inproceedings{cohn-lapata-2007-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation by Triangulation: Making Effective Use of Multi-Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Cohn, Trevor  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1092",
    pages = "728--735",
}
@inproceedings{jansche-2007-maximum,
    title = "A Maximum Expected Utility Framework for Binary Sequence Labeling",
    author = "Jansche, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1093",
    pages = "736--743",
}
@inproceedings{goldwater-griffiths-2007-fully,
    title = "A fully {B}ayesian approach to unsupervised part-of-speech tagging",
    author = "Goldwater, Sharon  and
      Griffiths, Tom",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1094",
    pages = "744--751",
}
@inproceedings{smith-etal-2007-computationally,
    title = "Computationally Efficient M-Estimation of Log-Linear Structure Models",
    author = "Smith, Noah A.  and
      Vail, Douglas L.  and
      Lafferty, John D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1095",
    pages = "752--759",
}
@inproceedings{shen-etal-2007-guided,
    title = "Guided Learning for Bidirectional Sequence Classification",
    author = "Shen, Libin  and
      Satta, Giorgio  and
      Joshi, Aravind",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1096",
    pages = "760--767",
}
@inproceedings{dang-lin-2007-different,
    title = "Different Structures for Evaluating Answers to Complex Questions: Pyramids Won{'}t Topple, and Neither Will Human Assessors",
    author = "Dang, Hoa Trang  and
      Lin, Jimmy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1097",
    pages = "768--775",
}
@inproceedings{moschitti-etal-2007-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Syntactic and Shallow Semantic Kernels for Question Answer Classification",
    author = "Moschitti, Alessandro  and
      Quarteroni, Silvia  and
      Basili, Roberto  and
      Manandhar, Suresh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1098",
    pages = "776--783",
}
@inproceedings{ko-etal-2007-language,
    title = "Language-independent Probabilistic Answer Ranking for Question Answering",
    author = "Ko, Jeongwoo  and
      Mitamura, Teruko  and
      Nyberg, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1099",
    pages = "784--791",
}
@proceedings{acl-2007-association-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    author = "Ananiadou, Sophia",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2000",
}
@inproceedings{amores-etal-2007-mimus,
    title = "{MIMUS}: A Multimodal and Multilingual Dialogue System for the Home Domain",
    author = "Amores, J. Gabriel  and
      P{\'e}rez, Guillermo  and
      Manch{\'o}n, Pilar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2001",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{abekawa-kageura-2007-translation,
    title = "A Translation Aid System with a Stratified Lookup Interface",
    author = "Abekawa, Takeshi  and
      Kageura, Kyo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2002",
    pages = "5--8",
}
@inproceedings{okumura-etal-2007-multimedia,
    title = "Multimedia Blog Creation System using Dialogue with Intelligent Robot",
    author = "Okumura, Akitoshi  and
      Ikeda, Takahiro  and
      Nishizawa, Toshihiro  and
      Ando, Shin-ichi  and
      Adachi, Fumihiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2003",
    pages = "9--12",
}
@inproceedings{gardent-parmentier-2007-semtag,
    title = "{S}em{TAG}: a platform for specifying Tree Adjoining Grammars and performing {TAG}-based Semantic Construction",
    author = "Gardent, Claire  and
      Parmentier, Yannick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2004",
    pages = "13--16",
}
@inproceedings{sekine-oda-2007-system,
    title = "System Demonstration of On-Demand Information Extraction",
    author = "Sekine, Satoshi  and
      Oda, Akira",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2005",
    pages = "17--20",
}
@inproceedings{ajani-etal-2007-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Ontological Analysis of {E}uropean Directives",
    author = "Ajani, Gianmaria  and
      Boella, Guido  and
      Lesmo, Leonardo  and
      Mazzei, Alessandro  and
      Rossi, Piercarlo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2006",
    pages = "21--24",
}
@inproceedings{sumita-etal-2007-nict,
    title = "{NICT}-{ATR} Speech-to-Speech Translation System",
    author = "Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Shimizu, Tohru  and
      Nakamura, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2007",
    pages = "25--28",
}
@inproceedings{evert-baroni-2007-zipfr,
    title = "zipf{R}: Word Frequency Modeling in R",
    author = "Evert, Stefan  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2008",
    pages = "29--32",
}
@inproceedings{curran-etal-2007-linguistically,
    title = "Linguistically Motivated Large-Scale {NLP} with C{\&}C and Boxer",
    author = "Curran, James  and
      Clark, Stephen  and
      Bos, Johan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2009",
    pages = "33--36",
}
@inproceedings{smith-etal-2007-dont,
    title = "Don{'}t worry about metaphor: affect detection for conversational agents",
    author = "Smith, Catherine  and
      Rumbell, Timothy  and
      Barnden, John  and
      Hendley, Robert  and
      Lee, Mark  and
      Wallington, Alan  and
      Zhang, Li",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2010",
    pages = "37--40",
}
@inproceedings{rychly-kilgarriff-2007-efficient,
    title = "An efficient algorithm for building a distributional thesaurus (and other Sketch Engine developments)",
    author = "Rychl{\'y}, Pavel  and
      Kilgarriff, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2011",
    pages = "41--44",
}
@inproceedings{batchelor-corbett-2007-semantic,
    title = "Semantic enrichment of journal articles using chemical named entity recognition",
    author = "Batchelor, Colin R.  and
      Corbett, Peter T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2012",
    pages = "45--48",
}
@inproceedings{ponzetto-strube-2007-api,
    title = "An {API} for Measuring the Relatedness of Words in {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Ponzetto, Simone Paolo  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2013",
    pages = "49--52",
}
@inproceedings{rapp-2007-deriving,
    title = "Deriving an Ambiguous Word{'}s Part-of-Speech Distribution from Unannotated Text",
    author = "Rapp, Reinhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2014",
    pages = "53--56",
}
@inproceedings{fuentes-etal-2007-support,
    title = "Support Vector Machines for Query-focused Summarization trained and evaluated on Pyramid data",
    author = "Fuentes, Maria  and
      Alfonseca, Enrique  and
      Rodr{\'\i}guez, Horacio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2015",
    pages = "57--60",
}
@inproceedings{noh-etal-2007-joint,
    title = "A Joint Statistical Model for Simultaneous Word Spacing and Spelling Error Correction for {K}orean",
    author = "Noh, Hyungjong  and
      Cha, Jeong-Won  and
      Lee, Gary Geunbae",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2016",
    pages = "61--64",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2007-approximate,
    title = "An Approximate Approach for Training Polynomial Kernel {SVM}s in Linear Time",
    author = "Wu, Yu-Chieh  and
      Yang, Jie-Chi  and
      Lee, Yue-Shi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2017",
    pages = "65--68",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2007-rethinking,
    title = "Rethinking {C}hinese Word Segmentation: Tokenization, Character Classification, or Wordbreak Identification",
    author = "Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      {\v{S}}imon, Petr  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai  and
      Pr{\'e}vot, Laurent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2018",
    pages = "69--72",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2007-feature,
    title = "A Feature Based Approach to Leveraging Context for Classifying Newsgroup Style Discussion Segments",
    author = "Wang, Yi-Chia  and
      Joshi, Mahesh  and
      Ros{\'e}, Carolyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2019",
    pages = "73--76",
}
@inproceedings{shinnou-sasaki-2007-ensemble,
    title = "Ensemble document clustering using weighted hypergraph generated by {NMF}",
    author = "Shinnou, Hiroyuki  and
      Sasaki, Minoru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2020",
    pages = "77--80",
}
@inproceedings{tan-2007-using,
    title = "Using Error-Correcting Output Codes with Model-Refinement to Boost Centroid Text Classifier",
    author = "Tan, Songbo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2021",
    pages = "81--84",
}
@inproceedings{janus-przepiorkowski-2007-poliqarp,
    title = "{P}oliqarp: An open source corpus indexer and search engine with syntactic extensions",
    author = "Janus, Daniel  and
      Przepi{\'o}rkowski, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2022",
    pages = "85--88",
}
@inproceedings{ku-etal-2007-test,
    title = "Test Collection Selection and Gold Standard Generation for a Multiply-Annotated Opinion Corpus",
    author = "Ku, Lun-Wei  and
      Lo, Yong-Sheng  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2023",
    pages = "89--92",
}
@inproceedings{popescu-belis-estrella-2007-generating,
    title = "Generating Usable Formats for Metadata and Annotations in a Large Meeting Corpus",
    author = "Popescu-Belis, Andrei  and
      Estrella, Paula",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2024",
    pages = "93--96",
}
@inproceedings{cai-etal-2007-exploration,
    title = "Exploration of Term Dependence in Sentence Retrieval",
    author = "Cai, Keke  and
      Bu, Jiajun  and
      Chen, Chun  and
      Liu, Kangmiao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2025",
    pages = "97--100",
}
@inproceedings{ehling-etal-2007-minimum,
    title = "Minimum {B}ayes Risk Decoding for {BLEU}",
    author = "Ehling, Nicola  and
      Zens, Richard  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2026",
    pages = "101--104",
}
@inproceedings{gupta-etal-2007-disambiguating,
    title = "Disambiguating Between Generic and Referential {``}You{''} in Dialog",
    author = "Gupta, Surabhi  and
      Purver, Matthew  and
      Jurafsky, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2027",
    pages = "105--108",
}
@inproceedings{agerri-etal-2007-formalization,
    title = "On the formalization of Invariant Mappings for Metaphor Interpretation",
    author = "Agerri, Rodrigo  and
      Barnden, John  and
      Lee, Mark  and
      Wallington, Alan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2028",
    pages = "109--112",
}
@inproceedings{cardinal-etal-2007-real,
    title = "Real-Time Correction of Closed-Captions",
    author = "Cardinal, Patrick  and
      Boulianne, Gilles  and
      Comeau, Michel  and
      Boisvert, Maryse",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2029",
    pages = "113--116",
}
@inproceedings{higashinaka-etal-2007-learning,
    title = "Learning to Rank Definitions to Generate Quizzes for Interactive Information Presentation",
    author = "Higashinaka, Ryuichiro  and
      Dohsaka, Kohji  and
      Isozaki, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2030",
    pages = "117--120",
}
@inproceedings{nakano-etal-2007-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Evidence of Understanding by Monitoring User{'}s Task Manipulation in Multimodal Conversations",
    author = "Nakano, Yukiko  and
      Murata, Kazuyoshi  and
      Enomoto, Mika  and
      Arimoto, Yoshiko  and
      Asa, Yasuhiro  and
      Sagawa, Hirohiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2031",
    pages = "121--124",
}
@inproceedings{weimer-etal-2007-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Assessing the Post Quality in Online Discussions on Software",
    author = {Weimer, Markus  and
      Gurevych, Iryna  and
      M{\"u}hlh{\"a}user, Max},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2032",
    pages = "125--128",
}
@inproceedings{pucher-2007-wordnet,
    title = "{W}ord{N}et-based Semantic Relatedness Measures in Automatic Speech Recognition for Meetings",
    author = "Pucher, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2033",
    pages = "129--132",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2007-building,
    title = "Building Emotion Lexicon from Weblog Corpora",
    author = "Yang, Changhua  and
      Lin, Kevin Hsin-Yih  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2034",
    pages = "133--136",
}
@inproceedings{hashimoto-kurohashi-2007-construction,
    title = "Construction of Domain Dictionary for Fundamental Vocabulary",
    author = "Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2035",
    pages = "137--140",
}
@inproceedings{yamamoto-isahara-2007-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Word Sets with Non-Taxonomical Relation",
    author = "Yamamoto, Eiko  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2036",
    pages = "141--144",
}
@inproceedings{hayashi-2007-linguistic,
    title = "A Linguistic Service Ontology for Language Infrastructures",
    author = "Hayashi, Yoshihiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2037",
    pages = "145--148",
}
@inproceedings{hogan-2007-empirical,
    title = "Empirical Measurements of Lexical Similarity in Noun Phrase Conjuncts",
    author = "Hogan, Deirdre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2038",
    pages = "149--152",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2007-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Discovery of Named Entity Variants: Grammar-driven Approaches to Non-Alphabetical Transliterations",
    author = "Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      {\v{S}}imon, Petr  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2039",
    pages = "153--156",
}
@inproceedings{hirano-etal-2007-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Semantic Relations between Named Entities in Text Using Contextual Features",
    author = "Hirano, Toru  and
      Matsuo, Yoshihiro  and
      Kikui, Genichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2040",
    pages = "157--160",
}
@inproceedings{roventini-etal-2007-mapping,
    title = "Mapping Concrete Entities from {PAROLE}-{SIMPLE}-{CLIPS} to {I}tal{W}ord{N}et: Methodology and Results",
    author = "Roventini, Adriana  and
      Ruimy, Nilda  and
      Marinelli, Rita  and
      Ulivieri, Marisa  and
      Mammini, Michele",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2041",
    pages = "161--164",
}
@inproceedings{tjong-kim-sang-2007-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Hypernym Pairs from the Web",
    author = "Tjong Kim Sang, Erik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2042",
    pages = "165--168",
}
@inproceedings{wilcock-2007-owl,
    title = "An {OWL} Ontology for {HPSG}",
    author = "Wilcock, Graham",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2043",
    pages = "169--172",
}
@inproceedings{chambers-etal-2007-classifying,
    title = "Classifying Temporal Relations Between Events",
    author = "Chambers, Nathanael  and
      Wang, Shan  and
      Jurafsky, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2044",
    pages = "173--176",
}
@inproceedings{koehn-etal-2007-moses,
    title = "{M}oses: Open Source Toolkit for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Koehn, Philipp  and
      Hoang, Hieu  and
      Birch, Alexandra  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      Federico, Marcello  and
      Bertoldi, Nicola  and
      Cowan, Brooke  and
      Shen, Wade  and
      Moran, Christine  and
      Zens, Richard  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej  and
      Constantin, Alexandra  and
      Herbst, Evan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2045",
    pages = "177--180",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-sumita-2007-boosting,
    title = "Boosting Statistical Machine Translation by Lemmatization and Linear Interpolation",
    author = "Zhang, Ruiqiang  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2046",
    pages = "181--184",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2007-extractive,
    title = "Extractive Summarization Based on Event Term Clustering",
    author = "Liu, Maofu  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Wu, Mingli  and
      Lu, Qin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2047",
    pages = "185--188",
}
@inproceedings{tantug-etal-2007-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation between {T}urkic Languages",
    author = {Tantu{\u{g}}, Ahmet C{\"u}neyd  and
      Adali, E{\c{s}}ref  and
      Oflazer, Kemal},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2048",
    pages = "189--192",
}
@inproceedings{gupta-etal-2007-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Importance and Query Relevance in Topic-focused Multi-document Summarization",
    author = "Gupta, Surabhi  and
      Nenkova, Ani  and
      Jurafsky, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2049",
    pages = "193--196",
}
@inproceedings{tsuchiya-etal-2007-expanding,
    title = "Expanding {I}ndonesian-{J}apanese Small Translation Dictionary Using a Pivot Language",
    author = "Tsuchiya, Masatoshi  and
      Purwarianti, Ayu  and
      Wakita, Toshiyuki  and
      Nakagawa, Seiichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2050",
    pages = "197--200",
}
@inproceedings{klenner-2007-shallow,
    title = "Shallow Dependency Labeling",
    author = "Klenner, Manfred",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2051",
    pages = "201--204",
}
@inproceedings{kawahara-uchimoto-2007-minimally,
    title = "Minimally Lexicalized Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Uchimoto, Kiyotaka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2052",
    pages = "205--208",
}
@inproceedings{halacsy-etal-2007-poster,
    title = "Poster paper: {H}un{P}os {--} an open source trigram tagger",
    author = "Hal{\'a}csy, P{\'e}ter  and
      Kornai, Andr{\'a}s  and
      Oravecz, Csaba",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2053",
    pages = "209--212",
}
@inproceedings{crego-marino-2007-extending,
    title = "Extending {MARIE}: an N-gram-based {SMT} decoder",
    author = "Crego, Josep M.  and
      Mari{\~n}o, Jos{\'e} B.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2054",
    pages = "213--216",
}
@inproceedings{nakagawa-uchimoto-2007-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Approach to Word Segmentation and {POS} Tagging",
    author = "Nakagawa, Tetsuji  and
      Uchimoto, Kiyotaka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2055",
    pages = "217--220",
}
@inproceedings{dandapat-etal-2007-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Part-of-Speech Tagging for {B}engali: An Approach for Morphologically Rich Languages in a Poor Resource Scenario",
    author = "Dandapat, Sandipan  and
      Sarkar, Sudeshna  and
      Basu, Anupam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2056",
    pages = "221--224",
}
@inproceedings{imamura-etal-2007-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese Dependency Parsing Using Sequential Labeling for Semi-spoken Language",
    author = "Imamura, Kenji  and
      Kikui, Genichiro  and
      Yasuda, Norihito",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-2057",
    pages = "225--228",
}
@proceedings{acl-2007-acl,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    author = "Biemann, Chris  and
      Seretan, Violeta  and
      Riloff, Ellen",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3000",
}
@inproceedings{sanders-2007-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Syntactic Difference in {B}ritish {E}nglish",
    author = "Sanders, Nathan C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{ponvert-2007-inducing,
    title = "Inducing Combinatory Categorial Grammars with Genetic Algorithms",
    author = "Ponvert, Elias",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{buczynski-2007-implementation,
    title = "An Implementation of Combined Partial Parser and Morphosyntactic Disambiguator",
    author = "Buczy{\'n}ski, Aleksander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{moszczynski-2007-practical,
    title = "A Practical Classification of Multiword Expressions",
    author = "Moszczy{\'n}ski, Rados{\l}aw",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{mulloni-2007-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Prediction of Cognate Orthography Using Support Vector Machines",
    author = "Mulloni, Andrea",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3005",
    pages = "25--30",
}
@inproceedings{naughton-2007-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Structure for Event Discovery Using the {MDI} Algorithm",
    author = "Naughton, Martina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3006",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{zagibalov-2007-kinds,
    title = "Kinds of Features for {C}hinese Opinionated Information Retrieval",
    author = "Zagibalov, Taras",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3007",
    pages = "37--42",
}
@inproceedings{cramer-2007-limitations,
    title = "Limitations of Current Grammar Induction Algorithms",
    author = "Cramer, Bart",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3008",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{johansson-2007-logistic,
    title = "Logistic Online Learning Methods and Their Application to Incremental Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Johansson, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{scherrer-2007-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive String Distance Measures for Bilingual Dialect Lexicon Induction",
    author = "Scherrer, Yves",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{prokic-2007-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Linguistic Structure in a Quantitative Analysis of Dialect Pronunciation",
    author = "Proki{\'c}, Jelena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3011",
    pages = "61--66",
}
@inproceedings{scheible-2007-towards,
    title = "Towards a Computational Treatment of Superlatives",
    author = "Scheible, Silke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3012",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@inproceedings{o-seaghdha-2007-annotating,
    title = "Annotating and Learning Compound Noun Semantics",
    author = "{\'O} S{\'e}aghdha, Diarmuid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3013",
    pages = "73--78",
}
@inproceedings{nulty-2007-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Classification of Noun Phrases Using Web Counts and Learning Algorithms",
    author = "Nulty, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3014",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{medelyan-2007-computing,
    title = "Computing Lexical Chains with Graph Clustering",
    author = "Medelyan, Olena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3015",
    pages = "85--90",
}
@inproceedings{gabor-heja-2007-clustering,
    title = "Clustering {H}ungarian Verbs on the Basis of Complementation Patterns",
    author = "G{\'a}bor, Kata  and
      H{\'e}ja, Enik{\H{o}}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2007 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-3016",
    pages = "91--96",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2005-international,
    title = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1000",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2005-new,
    title = "A New Method for Sentiment Classification in Text Retrieval",
    author = "Hu, Yi  and
      Duan, Jianyong  and
      Chen, Xiaoming  and
      Pei, Bingzhen  and
      Lu, Ruzhan",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1001",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_1",
}
@inproceedings{fukumoto-yamaji-2005-topic,
    title = "Topic Tracking Based on Linguistic Features",
    author = "Fukumoto, Fumiyo  and
      Yamaji, Yusuke",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1002",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_2",
}
@inproceedings{qu-etal-2005-use,
    title = "The Use of Monolingual Context Vectors for Missing Translations in Cross-Language Information Retrieval",
    author = "Qu, Yan  and
      Grefenstette, Gregory  and
      Evans, David A.",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1003",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_3",
}
@inproceedings{li-sun-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Image Annotation Using Maximum Entropy Model",
    author = "Li, Wei  and
      Sun, Maosong",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1004",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_4",
}
@inproceedings{abekawa-okumura-2005-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-Based Analysis of {J}apanese Relative Clause Constructions",
    author = "Abekawa, Takeshi  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1005",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_5",
}
@inproceedings{lease-charniak-2005-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Biomedical Literature",
    author = "Lease, Matthew  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1006",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_6",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-etal-2005-parsing,
    title = "Parsing the {P}enn {C}hinese Treebank with Semantic Knowledge",
    author = "Xiong, Deyi  and
      Li, Shuanglong  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Lin, Shouxun  and
      Qian, Yueliang",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1007",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_7",
}
@inproceedings{sassano-2005-using,
    title = "Using a Partially Annotated Corpus to Build a Dependency Parser for {J}apanese",
    author = "Sassano, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1008",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_8",
}
@inproceedings{tanaka-ishii-2005-entropy,
    title = "Entropy as an Indicator of Context Boundaries: An Experiment Using a Web Search Engine",
    author = "Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1009",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_9",
}
@inproceedings{tokunaga-etal-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Discovery of Attribute Words from Web Documents",
    author = "Tokunaga, Kosuke  and
      Kazama, Jun{'}ichi  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1010",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_10",
}
@inproceedings{pasca-dienes-2005-aligning,
    title = "Aligning Needles in a Haystack: Paraphrase Acquisition Across the Web",
    author = "Pa{\c{s}}ca, Marius  and
      Dienes, P{\'e}ter",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1011",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_11",
}
@inproceedings{watanabe-etal-2005-confirmed,
    title = "Confirmed Knowledge Acquisition Using Mails Posted to a Mailing List",
    author = "Watanabe, Yasuhiko  and
      Nishimura, Ryo  and
      Okada, Yoshihiro",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1012",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_12",
}
@inproceedings{choi-etal-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Partial Parsing Rule Acquisition Using Decision Tree Induction",
    author = "Choi, Myung-Seok  and
      Lim, Chul Su  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1013",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_13",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2005-chunking,
    title = "Chunking Using Conditional Random Fields in {K}orean Texts",
    author = "Lee, Yong-Hun  and
      Kim, Mi-Young  and
      Lee, Jong-Hyeok",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1014",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_14",
}
@inproceedings{carroll-oepen-2005-high,
    title = "High Efficiency Realization for a Wide-Coverage Unification Grammar",
    author = "Carroll, John  and
      Oepen, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1015",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_15",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-etal-2005-linguistically,
    title = "Linguistically-Motivated Grammar Extraction, Generalization and Adaptation",
    author = "Hsieh, Yu-Ming  and
      Yang, Duen-Chi  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1016",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_16",
}
@inproceedings{kawahara-kurohashi-2005-pp,
    title = "{PP}-Attachment Disambiguation Boosted by a Gigantic Volume of Unambiguous Examples",
    author = "Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1017",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_17",
}
@inproceedings{hara-etal-2005-adapting,
    title = "Adapting a Probabilistic Disambiguation Model of an {HPSG} Parser to a New Domain",
    author = "Hara, Tadayoshi  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1018",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_18",
}
@inproceedings{bharathi-etal-2005-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Approach to Single and Multiple {PP} Attachment Using {W}ord{N}et",
    author = "Bharathi, Akshar  and
      Rohini, U.  and
      Vishnu, P.  and
      Bendre, S.M.  and
      Sangal, Rajeev",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1019",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_19",
}
@inproceedings{kit-liu-2005-period,
    title = "Period Disambiguation with Maxent Model",
    author = "Kit, Chunyu  and
      Liu, Xiaoyue",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1020",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_20",
}
@inproceedings{shimohata-sumita-2005-acquiring,
    title = "Acquiring Synonyms from Monolingual Comparable Texts",
    author = "Shimohata, Mitsuo  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1021",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_21",
}
@inproceedings{fan-sun-2005-method,
    title = "A Method of Recognizing Entity and Relation",
    author = "Fan, Xinghua  and
      Sun, Maosong",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1022",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_22",
}
@inproceedings{wu-fung-2005-inversion,
    title = "Inversion Transduction Grammar Constraints for Mining Parallel Sentences from Quasi-Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Wu, Dekai  and
      Fung, Pascale",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1023",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_23",
}
@inproceedings{yoshida-nakagawa-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Term Extraction Based on Perplexity of Compound Words",
    author = "Yoshida, Minoru  and
      Nakagawa, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1024",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_24",
}
@inproceedings{chali-noureddine-2005-document,
    title = "Document Clustering with Grouping and Chaining Algorithms",
    author = "Chali, Yllias  and
      Noureddine, Soufiane",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1025",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_25",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2005-using,
    title = "Using Multiple Discriminant Analysis Approach for Linear Text Segmentation",
    author = "Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Ye, Na  and
      Chang, Xinzhi  and
      Chen, Wenliang  and
      Tsou, Benjamin K",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1026",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_26",
}
@inproceedings{fan-etal-2005-classifying,
    title = "Classifying {C}hinese Texts in Two Steps",
    author = "Fan, Xinghua  and
      Sun, Maosong  and
      Choi, Key-sun  and
      Zhang, Qin",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1027",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_27",
}
@inproceedings{okanohara-tsujii-2005-assigning,
    title = "Assigning Polarity Scores to Reviews Using Machine Learning Techniques",
    author = "Okanohara, Daisuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1028",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_28",
}
@inproceedings{veale-2005-analogy,
    title = "Analogy as Functional Recategorization: Abstraction with {H}ow{N}et Semantics",
    author = "Veale, Tony",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1029",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_29",
}
@inproceedings{hagiwara-etal-2005-plsi,
    title = "{PLSI} Utilization for Automatic Thesaurus Construction",
    author = "Hagiwara, Masato  and
      Ogawa, Yasuhiro  and
      Toyama, Katsuhiko",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1030",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_30",
}
@inproceedings{tongchim-etal-2005-analysis,
    title = "Analysis of an Iterative Algorithm for Term-Based Ontology Alignment",
    author = "Tongchim, Shisanu  and
      Kruengkrai, Canasai  and
      Sornlertlamvanich, Virach  and
      Srichaivattana, Prapass  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1031",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_31",
}
@inproceedings{choi-park-2005-finding,
    title = "Finding Taxonomical Relation from an {MRD} for Thesaurus Extension",
    author = "Choi, SeonHwa  and
      Park, HyukRo",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1032",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_32",
}
@inproceedings{hong-2005-relation,
    title = "Relation Extraction Using Support Vector Machine",
    author = "Hong, Gumwon",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1033",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_33",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2005-discovering,
    title = "Discovering Relations Between Named Entities from a Large Raw Corpus Using Tree Similarity-Based Clustering",
    author = "Zhang, Min  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Wang, Danmei  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1034",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_34",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Relation Extraction with Model Order Selection and Discriminative Label Identification",
    author = "Chen, Jinxiu  and
      Ji, Donghong  and
      Tan, Chew Lim  and
      Niu, Zhengyu",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1035",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_35",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-2005-mining,
    title = "Mining Inter-Entity Semantic Relations Using Improved Transductive Learning",
    author = "Zhang, Zhu",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1036",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_36",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-preliminary,
    title = "A Preliminary Work on Classifying Time Granularities of Temporal Questions",
    author = "Li, Wei  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Wong, Kam-Fai",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1037",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_37",
}
@inproceedings{tamura-etal-2005-classification,
    title = "Classification of Multiple-Sentence Questions",
    author = "Tamura, Akihiro  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1038",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_38",
}
@inproceedings{weerasinghe-etal-2005-rule,
    title = "A Rule Based Syllabification Algorithm for {S}inhala",
    author = "Weerasinghe, Ruvan  and
      Wasala, Asanka  and
      Gamage, Kumudu",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1039",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_39",
}
@inproceedings{oh-choi-2005-ensemble,
    title = "An Ensemble of Grapheme and Phoneme for Machine Transliteration",
    author = "Oh, Jong-Hoon  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1040",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_40",
}
@inproceedings{wu-wang-2005-improving,
    title = "Improving Statistical Word Alignment with Ensemble Methods",
    author = "Wu, Hua  and
      Wang, Haifeng",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1041",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_41",
}
@inproceedings{hwang-etal-2005-empirical,
    title = "Empirical Study of Utilizing Morph-Syntactic Information in {SMT}",
    author = "Hwang, Young-Sook  and
      Watanabe, Taro  and
      Sasaki, Yutaka",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1042",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_42",
}
@inproceedings{denecke-tsukada-2005-instance,
    title = "Instance-Based Generation for Interactive Restricted Domain Question Answering Systems",
    author = "Denecke, Matthias  and
      Tsukada, Hajime",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1043",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_43",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2005-answering,
    title = "Answering Definition Questions Using Web Knowledge Bases",
    author = "Zhang, Zhushuo  and
      Zhou, Yaqian  and
      Huang, Xuanjing  and
      Wu, Lide",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1044",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_44",
}
@inproceedings{shen-etal-2005-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Syntactic Relation Patterns for Question Answering",
    author = "Shen, Dan  and
      Kruijff, Geert-Jan M.  and
      Klakow, Dietrich",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1045",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_45",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2005-web,
    title = "Web-Based Unsupervised Learning for Query Formulation in Question Answering",
    author = "Wang, Yi-Chia  and
      Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Liang, Tyne  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1046",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_46",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-2005-chunking,
    title = "A Chunking Strategy Towards Unknown Word Detection in {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Zhou, GuoDong",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1047",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_47",
}
@inproceedings{meng-etal-2005-lexicon,
    title = "A Lexicon-Constrained Character Model for {C}hinese Morphological Analysis",
    author = "Meng, Yao  and
      Yu, Hao  and
      Nishino, Fumihito",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1048",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_48",
}
@inproceedings{venkatapathy-joshi-2005-relative,
    title = "Relative Compositionality of Multi-word Expressions: A Study of Verb-Noun (V-N) Collocations",
    author = "Venkatapathy, Sriram  and
      Joshi, Aravind K.",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1049",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_49",
}
@inproceedings{hore-etal-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Extraction of Fixed Multiword Expressions",
    author = "Hore, Campbell  and
      Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Matsumoto, Y{\=u}ji",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1050",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_50",
}
@inproceedings{setiawan-etal-2005-phrase,
    title = "Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation: A Level of Detail Approach",
    author = "Setiawan, Hendra  and
      Li, Haizhou  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Ooi, Beng Chin",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1051",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_51",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2005-zero,
    title = "Why Is Zero Marking Important in {K}orean?",
    author = "Lee, Sun-Hee  and
      Byron, Donna K.  and
      Jang, Seok Bae",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1052",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_52",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2005-phrase,
    title = "A Phrase-Based Context-Dependent Joint Probability Model for Named Entity Translation",
    author = "Zhang, Min  and
      Li, Haizhou  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Setiawan, Hendra",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1053",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_53",
}
@inproceedings{wong-etal-2005-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation Based on Constraint-Based Synchronous Grammar",
    author = "Wong, Fai  and
      Hu, Dong-Cheng  and
      Mao, Yu-Hang  and
      Dong, Ming-Chui  and
      Li, Yi-Ping",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1054",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_54",
}
@inproceedings{bollegala-etal-2005-machine,
    title = "A Machine Learning Approach to Sentence Ordering for Multidocument Summarization and Its Evaluation",
    author = "Bollegala, Danushka  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Ishizuka, Mitsuru",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1055",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_55",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2005-significant,
    title = "Significant Sentence Extraction by {E}uclidean Distance Based on Singular Value Decomposition",
    author = "Lee, Changbeom  and
      Park, Hyukro  and
      Ock, Cheolyoung",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1056",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_56",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2005-two,
    title = "Two-Phase Biomedical Named Entity Recognition Using A Hybrid Method",
    author = "Kim, Seonho  and
      Yoon, Juntae  and
      Park, Kyung-Mi  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1057",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_57",
}
@inproceedings{lee-lee-2005-heuristic,
    title = "Heuristic Methods for Reducing Errors of Geographic Named Entities Learned by Bootstrapping",
    author = "Lee, Seungwoo  and
      Lee, Gary Geunbae",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1058",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_58",
}
@inproceedings{goh-etal-2005-building,
    title = "Building a {J}apanese-{C}hinese Dictionary Using Kanji/Hanzi Conversion",
    author = "Goh, Chooi-Ling  and
      Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1059",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_59",
}
@inproceedings{nakazawa-etal-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Acquisition of Basic Katakana Lexicon from a Given Corpus",
    author = "Nakazawa, Toshiaki  and
      Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1060",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_60",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2005-ctemp,
    title = "{CTEMP}: A {C}hinese Temporal Parser for Extracting and Normalizing Temporal Information",
    author = "Wu, Mingli  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Li, Baoli",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1061",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_61",
}
@inproceedings{daille-morin-2005-french,
    title = "{F}rench-{E}nglish Terminology Extraction from Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Daille, B{\'e}atrice  and
      Morin, Emmanuel",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1062",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_62",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2005-twin,
    title = "A Twin-Candidate Model of Coreference Resolution with Non-Anaphor Identification Capability",
    author = "Yang, Xiaofeng  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1063",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_63",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2005-improving,
    title = "Improving {K}orean Speech Acts Analysis by Using Shrinkage and Discourse Stack",
    author = "Kim, Kyungsun  and
      Ko, Youngjoong  and
      Seo, Jungyun",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1064",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_64",
}
@inproceedings{liang-lin-2005-anaphora,
    title = "Anaphora Resolution for Biomedical Literature by Exploiting Multiple Resources",
    author = "Liang, Tyne  and
      Lin, Yu-Hsiang",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1065",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_65",
}
@inproceedings{shibata-kurohashi-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Slide Generation Based on Discourse Structure Analysis",
    author = "Shibata, Tomohide  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1066",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_66",
}
@inproceedings{gurevych-2005-using,
    title = "Using the Structure of a Conceptual Network in Computing Semantic Relatedness",
    author = "Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1067",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_67",
}
@inproceedings{ye-baldwin-2005-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Role Labelling of Prepositional Phrases",
    author = "Ye, Patrick  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1068",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_68",
}
@inproceedings{chklovski-pantel-2005-global,
    title = "Global Path-Based Refinement of Noisy Graphs Applied to Verb Semantics",
    author = "Chklovski, Timothy  and
      Pantel, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1069",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_69",
}
@inproceedings{kwong-tsou-2005-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Role Tagging for {C}hinese at the Lexical Level",
    author = "Kwong, Oi Yee  and
      Tsou, Benjamin K.",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1070",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_70",
}
@inproceedings{nagata-etal-2005-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Article Errors Based on the Mass Count Distinction",
    author = "Nagata, Ryo  and
      Wakana, Takahiro  and
      Masui, Fumito  and
      Kawai, Atsuo  and
      Isu, Naoki",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1071",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_71",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-etal-2005-principles,
    title = "Principles of Non-stationary Hidden {M}arkov Model and Its Applications to Sequence Labeling Task",
    author = "Xiao, JingHui  and
      Liu, BingQuan  and
      Wang, XiaoLong",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1072",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_72",
}
@inproceedings{chen-chen-2005-integrating,
    title = {Integrating Punctuation Rules and Na{\"\i}ve {B}ayesian Model for {C}hinese Creation Title Recognition},
    author = "Chen, Conrad  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1073",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_73",
}
@inproceedings{mayberry-etal-2005-connectionist,
    title = "A Connectionist Model of Anticipation in Visual Worlds",
    author = "Mayberry, Marshall R.  and
      Crocker, Matthew W.  and
      Knoeferle, Pia",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1074",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_74",
}
@inproceedings{fossum-abney-2005-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Inducing a Part-of-Speech Tagger by Projecting from Multiple Source Languages Across Aligned Corpora",
    author = "Fossum, Victoria  and
      Abney, Steven",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1075",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_75",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2005-verbal,
    title = "The Verbal Entries and Their Description in a Grammatical Information-Dictionary of Contemporary {T}ibetan",
    author = "Jiang, Di  and
      Long, Congjun  and
      Zhang, Jichuan",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1076",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_76",
}
@inproceedings{ye-zhang-2005-tense,
    title = "Tense Tagging for Verbs in Cross-Lingual Context: A Case Study",
    author = "Ye, Yang  and
      Zhang, Zhu",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1077",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_77",
}
@inproceedings{smith-osborne-2005-regularisation,
    title = "Regularisation Techniques for Conditional Random Fields: Parameterised Versus Parameter-Free",
    author = "Smith, Andrew  and
      Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1078",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_78",
}
@inproceedings{fujita-etal-2005-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Lexical Conceptual Structure for Paraphrase Generation",
    author = "Fujita, Atsushi  and
      Inui, Kentaro  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1079",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_79",
}
@inproceedings{seo-etal-2005-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation by Relative Selection",
    author = "Seo, Hee-Cheol  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang  and
      Jang, Myung-Gil",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1080",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_80",
}
@inproceedings{chen-palmer-2005-towards,
    title = "Towards Robust High Performance Word Sense Disambiguation of {E}nglish Verbs Using Rich Linguistic Features",
    author = "Chen, Jinying  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1081",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_81",
}
@inproceedings{kim-baldwin-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Interpretation of Noun Compounds Using {W}ord{N}et Similarity",
    author = "Kim, Su Nam  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1082",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_82",
}
@inproceedings{yuan-etal-2005-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study on Language Model Adaptation Using a Metric of Domain Similarity",
    author = "Yuan, Wei  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Suzuki, Hisami",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1083",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_83",
}
@inproceedings{uzuner-katz-2005-comparative,
    title = "A Comparative Study of Language Models for Book and Author Recognition",
    author = {Uzuner, {\"O}zlem  and
      Katz, Boris},
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1084",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_84",
}
@inproceedings{kaji-kurohashi-2005-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Choice via Topic Adaptation for Paraphrasing Written Language to Spoken Language",
    author = "Kaji, Nobuhiro  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1085",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_85",
}
@inproceedings{fan-kendall-2005-case,
    title = "A Case-Based Reasoning Approach for Speech Corpus Generation",
    author = "Fan, Yandong  and
      Kendall, Elizabeth",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1086",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_86",
}
@inproceedings{fang-etal-2005-web,
    title = "Web-Based Terminology Translation Mining",
    author = "Fang, Gaolin  and
      Yu, Hao  and
      Nishino, Fumihito",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1087",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_87",
}
@inproceedings{kang-etal-2005-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Terminologically Relevant Collocations in the Translation of {C}hinese Monograph",
    author = "Kang, Byeong-Kwu  and
      Chang, Bao-Bao  and
      Chen, Yi-Rong  and
      Yu, Shi-Wen",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1088",
    doi = "10.1007/11562214_88",
}
@inproceedings{nn-2005-author,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Full Papers",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-1089",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2005-companion,
    title = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2000",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2005-classification,
    title = "A Classification-based Algorithm for Consistency Check of Part-of-Speech Tagging for {C}hinese Corpora",
    author = "Zhang, Hu  and
      Zheng, Jia-heng  and
      Zhao, Ying",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2001",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-hierarchical,
    title = "A Hierarchical Parsing Approach with Punctuation Processing for Long {C}hinese Sentences",
    author = "Li, Xing  and
      Zong, Chengqing  and
      Hu, Rile",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2002",
}
@inproceedings{zheng-etal-2005-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid {C}hinese Language Model based on a Combination of Ontology with Statistical Method",
    author = "Zheng, Dequan  and
      Zhao, Tiejun  and
      Li, Sheng  and
      Yu, Hao",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2003",
}
@inproceedings{mihalcea-tarau-2005-language,
    title = "A Language Independent Algorithm for Single and Multiple Document Summarization",
    author = "Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Tarau, Paul",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2004",
}
@inproceedings{mima-tomabechi-2005-novel,
    title = "A Novel Method for Content Consistency and Efficient Full-text Search for {P}2{P} Content Sharing Systems",
    author = "Mima, Hideki  and
      Tomabechi, Hideto",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2005",
}
@inproceedings{nishimura-etal-2005-question,
    title = "A Question Answer System Based on Confirmed Knowledge Developed by Using Mails Posted to a Mailing List",
    author = "Nishimura, Ryo  and
      Watanabe, Yasuhiko  and
      Okada, Yoshihiro",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2006",
}
@inproceedings{huh-laporte-2005-resource,
    title = "A Resource-based {K}orean Morphological Annotation System",
    author = "Huh, Hyun-gue  and
      Laporte, {\'E}ric",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2007",
}
@inproceedings{saito-etal-2005-system,
    title = "A System to Solve Language Tests for Second Grade Students",
    author = "Saito, Manami  and
      Yamamoto, Kazuhide  and
      Sekine, Satoshi  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2008",
}
@inproceedings{tanaka-etal-2005-analysis,
    title = "Analysis and Modeling of Manual Summarization of {J}apanese Broadcast News",
    author = "Tanaka, Hideki  and
      Kumano, Tadashi  and
      Nishiwaki, Masamichi  and
      Itoh, Takayuki",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2009",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-2005-applying,
    title = "Applying a Mix Word-Pair Identifier to the {C}hinese Syllable-to-Word Conversion Problem",
    author = "Tsai, Jia-Lin",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2010",
}
@inproceedings{kim-hovy-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection of Opinion Bearing Words and Sentences",
    author = "Kim, Soo-Min  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2011",
}
@inproceedings{oh-choi-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Extraction of {E}nglish-{K}orean Translations for Constituents of Technical Terms",
    author = "Oh, Jong-Hoon  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2012",
}
@inproceedings{danlos-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Recognition of {F}rench Expletive Pronoun Occurrences",
    author = "Danlos, Laurence",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2013",
}
@inproceedings{denoual-lepage-2005-bleu,
    title = "{BLEU} in Characters: Towards Automatic {MT} Evaluation in Languages without Word Delimiters",
    author = "Denoual, Etienne  and
      Lepage, Yves",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2014",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2005-building,
    title = "Building an Annotated {J}apanese-{C}hinese Parallel Corpus - A Part of {NICT} Multilingual Corpora",
    author = "Zhang, Yujie  and
      Uchimoto, Kiyotaka  and
      Ma, Qing  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2015",
}
@inproceedings{funakoshi-tokugana-2005-controlling,
    title = "Controlling Animated Agents in Natural Language",
    author = "Funakoshi, Kotaro  and
      Tokugana, Takenobu",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2016",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2005-deep,
    title = "Deep Processing of Honorification Phenomena in a Typed Feature Structure Grammar",
    author = "Kim, Jong-Bok  and
      Sells, Peter  and
      Yang, Jaehyung",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2017",
}
@inproceedings{peng-araki-2005-detecting,
    title = "Detecting the Countability of {E}nglish Compound Nouns Using Web-based Models",
    author = "Peng, Jing  and
      Araki, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2018",
}
@inproceedings{ichikawa-etal-2005-ebonsai,
    title = "e{B}onsai: An Integrated Environment for Annotating Treebanks",
    author = "Ichikawa, Hiroshi  and
      Noguchi, Masaki  and
      Hashimoto, Taiichi  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu  and
      Tanaka, Hozumi",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2019",
}
@inproceedings{tonoike-etal-2005-effect,
    title = "Effect of Domain-Specific Corpus in Compositional Translation Estimation for Technical Terms",
    author = "Tonoike, Masatsugu  and
      Kida, Mitsuhiro  and
      Takagi, Toshihiro  and
      Sasaki, Yasuhiro  and
      Utsuro, Takehito  and
      Sato, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2020",
}
@inproceedings{carpuat-wu-2005-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating the Word Sense Disambiguation Performance of Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Carpuat, Marine  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2021",
}
@inproceedings{singh-etal-2005-hmm,
    title = "{HMM} Based Chunker for {H}indi",
    author = "Singh, Akshay  and
      Bendre, Sushma  and
      Sangal, Rajeev",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2022",
}
@inproceedings{che-etal-2005-improved,
    title = "Improved-Edit-Distance Kernel for {C}hinese Relation Extraction",
    author = "Che, Wanxiang  and
      Jiang, Jianmin  and
      Su, Zhong  and
      Pan, Yue  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2023",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2005-information,
    title = "Information Retrieval Capable of Visualization and High Precision",
    author = "Ma, Qing  and
      Enomoto, Kousuke  and
      Murata, Masaki  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2024",
}
@inproceedings{deng-nakamura-2005-investigating,
    title = "Investigating the Features that Affect Cue Usage of Non-native Speakers of {E}nglish",
    author = "Deng, Xinyu  and
      Nakamura, Jun-ichi",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2025",
}
@inproceedings{nahnsen-etal-2005-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Chains and Sliding Locality Windows in Content-based Text Similarity Detection",
    author = {Nahnsen, Thade  and
      Uzuner, {\"O}zlem  and
      Katz, Boris},
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2026",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2005-machine,
    title = "Machine Learning Approach to Augmenting News Headline Generation",
    author = "Wang, Ruichao  and
      Dunnion, John  and
      Carthy, Joe",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2027",
}
@inproceedings{piskorski-2005-modelling,
    title = "Modelling of a Gazetteer Look-up Component",
    author = "Piskorski, Jakub",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2028",
}
@inproceedings{kacmarcik-2005-multi,
    title = "Multi-Modal Question-Answering: Questions without Keyboards",
    author = "Kacmarcik, Gary",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2029",
}
@inproceedings{kobayashi-etal-2005-opinion,
    title = "Opinion Extraction Using a Learning-Based Anaphora Resolution Technique",
    author = "Kobayashi, Nozomi  and
      Iida, Ryu  and
      Inui, Kentaro  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2030",
}
@inproceedings{bojar-etal-2005-problems,
    title = "Problems of Reusing an Existing {MT} System",
    author = "Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej  and
      Homola, Petr  and
      Kubo{\v{n}}, Vladislav",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2031",
}
@inproceedings{aziz-etal-2005-pola,
    title = "Pola Grammar Technique to Identify Subject and Predicate in {M}alaysian Language",
    author = "Aziz, Mohd Juzaiddin Ab  and
      Ahmad, Fatimah Dato{'}  and
      Ghani, Abdul Azim Abdul  and
      Mahmod, Ramlan",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2032",
}
@inproceedings{kuba-etal-2005-pos,
    title = "{POS} Tagger Combinations on {H}ungarian Text",
    author = {Kuba, Andr{\'a}s  and
      Felf{\"o}ldi, L{\'a}szl{\'o}  and
      Kocsor, Andr{\'a}s},
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2033",
}
@inproceedings{lee-rim-2005-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Models for {K}orean Morphological Analysis",
    author = "Lee, Do-Gil  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2034",
}
@inproceedings{bender-flickinger-2005-rapid,
    title = "Rapid Prototyping of Scalable Grammars: Towards Modularity in Extensions to a Language-Independent Core",
    author = "Bender, Emily M.  and
      Flickinger, Dan",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2035",
}
@inproceedings{hensman-dunnion-2005-representing,
    title = "Representing Semantics of Texts - a Non-Statistical Approach",
    author = "Hensman, Svetlana  and
      Dunnion, John",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2036",
}
@inproceedings{lim-etal-2005-restoring,
    title = "Restoring an Elided Entry Word in a Sentence for Encyclopedia {QA} System",
    author = "Lim, Soojong  and
      Lee, Changki  and
      Jang, Myoung-Gil",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2037",
}
@inproceedings{tateisi-etal-2005-syntax,
    title = "Syntax Annotation for the {GENIA} Corpus",
    author = "Tateisi, Yuka  and
      Yakushiji, Akane  and
      Ohta, Tomoko  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2038",
}
@inproceedings{denoual-2005-influence,
    title = "The Influence of Data Homogeneity on {NLP} System Performance",
    author = "Denoual, Etienne",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2039",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2005-transformation,
    title = "Transformation Based {C}hinese Entity Detection and Tracking",
    author = "Zhou, Yaqian  and
      Huang, Changning  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Wu, Lide",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2040",
}
@inproceedings{park-etal-2005-tree,
    title = "Tree Annotation Tool using Two-phase Parsing to Reduce Manual Effort for Building a Treebank",
    author = "Park, So-Young  and
      Cho, Yongjoo  and
      Son, Sunghoon  and
      Song, Ui-Sung  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2041",
}
@inproceedings{kotani-etal-2005-toward,
    title = "Toward a Unified Evaluation Method for Multiple Reading Support Systems: A Reading Speed-based Procedure",
    author = "Kotani, Katsunori  and
      Yoshimi, Takehiko  and
      Kutsumi, Takeshi  and
      Sata, Ichiko  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2042",
}
@inproceedings{murata-etal-2005-trend,
    title = "Trend Survey on {J}apanese Natural Language Processing Studies over the Last Decade",
    author = "Murata, Masaki  and
      Ichii, Koji  and
      Ma, Qing  and
      Shirado, Tamotsu  and
      Kanamaru, Toshiyuki  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2043",
}
@inproceedings{jin-etal-2005-two,
    title = "Two-Phase Shift-Reduce Deterministic Dependency Parser of {C}hinese",
    author = "Jin, Meixun  and
      Kim, Mi-Young  and
      Lee, Jong-Hyeok",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2044",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2005-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Feature Selection for Relation Extraction",
    author = "Chen, Jinxiu  and
      Ji, Donghong  and
      Tan, Chew Lim  and
      Niu, Zhengyu",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2045",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-etal-2005-using,
    title = "Using Maximum Entropy to Extract Biomedical Named Entities without Dictionaries",
    author = "Tsai, Tzong-Han  and
      Wu, Chia-Wei  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2046",
}
@inproceedings{lin-2005-automated,
    title = "Automated Text Summarization",
    author = "Lin, Chin-Yew",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2047",
}
@inproceedings{vogel-2005-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Machine Translation Part {I}: Hands-On Introduction",
    author = "Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2048",
}
@inproceedings{wu-2005-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Machine Translation Part {II}: Tree-Based {SMT}",
    author = "Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2049",
}
@inproceedings{nn-2005-author-index,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Companion Volume to the Proceedings of Conference including Posters/Demos and tutorial abstracts",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-2050",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2005-sighan,
    title = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3000",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2005-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Segmentation Errors in {C}hinese Annotated Corpus",
    author = "Sun, Chengjie  and
      Huang, Chang-Ning  and
      Wang, Xiaolong  and
      Li, Mu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3001",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-2005-using,
    title = "Using Word-Pair Identifier to Improve {C}hinese Input System",
    author = "Tsai, Jia-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3002",
}
@inproceedings{cheng-etal-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Deterministic Dependency Analyzer: Examining Effects of Global Features and Root Node Finder",
    author = "Cheng, Yuchang  and
      Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3003",
}
@inproceedings{guo-zhong-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Classifier Assignment Using {SVM}s",
    author = "Guo, Hui  and
      Zhong, Huayan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3004",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-etal-2005-morphological,
    title = "Morphological features help {POS} tagging of unknown words across language varieties",
    author = "Tseng, Huihsin  and
      Jurafsky, Daniel  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3005",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2005-product,
    title = "Product Named Entity Recognition Based on Hierarchical Hidden {M}arkov Model",
    author = "Liu, Feifan  and
      Zhao, Jun  and
      Lv, Bibo  and
      Xu, Bo  and
      Yu, Hao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3006",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Sketch Engine and the Extraction of Grammatical Collocations",
    author = "Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Kilgarriff, Adam  and
      Wu, Yiching  and
      Chiu, Chih-Ming  and
      Smith, Simon  and
      Rychly, Pavel  and
      Bai, Ming-Hong  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3007",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-2005-word,
    title = "Word Meaning Inducing via Character Ontology: A Survey on the Semantic Prediction of {C}hinese Two-Character Words",
    author = "Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3008",
}
@inproceedings{chang-2005-domain,
    title = "Domain Specific Word Extraction from Hierarchical Web Documents: A First Step Toward Building Lexicon Trees from Web Corpora",
    author = "Chang, Jing-Shin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3009",
}
@inproceedings{levow-2005-turn,
    title = "Turn-taking in {M}andarin Dialogue: Interactions of Tone and Intonation",
    author = "Levow, Gina-Anne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3010",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-waibel-2005-learning,
    title = "Learning a Log-Linear Model with Bilingual Phrase-Pair Features for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhao, Bing  and
      Waibel, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3011",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Collocation Features in {C}hinese Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Li, Wanyin  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Li, Wenjie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3012",
}
@inproceedings{xia-etal-2005-nil,
    title = "{NIL} Is Not Nothing: Recognition of {C}hinese Network Informal Language Expressions",
    author = "Xia, Yunqing  and
      Wong, Kam-Fai  and
      Gao, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3013",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2005-robustness,
    title = "The Robustness of Domain Lexico-Taxonomy: Expanding Domain Lexicon with {C}i{L}in",
    author = "Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Li, Xiang-Bing  and
      Hong, Jia-Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3014",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-chen-2005-studies,
    title = "Some Studies on {C}hinese Domain Knowledge Dictionary and Its Application to Text Classification",
    author = "Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Chen, Wenliang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3015",
}
@inproceedings{converse-2005-resolving,
    title = "Resolving Pronominal References in {C}hinese with the {H}obbs Algorithm",
    author = "Converse, Susan P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3016",
}
@inproceedings{emerson-2005-second,
    title = "The Second International {C}hinese Word Segmentation Bakeoff",
    author = "Emerson, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3017",
}
@inproceedings{asahara-etal-2005-combination,
    title = "Combination of Machine Learning Methods for Optimum {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Fukuoka, Kenta  and
      Azuma, Ai  and
      Goh, Chooi-Ling  and
      Watanabe, Yotaro  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji  and
      Tsuzuki, Takashi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3018",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2005-unigram,
    title = "Unigram Language Model for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Chen, Aitao  and
      Zhou, Yiping  and
      Zhang, Anne  and
      Sun, Gordon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3019",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-2005-report,
    title = "Report to {BMM}-based {C}hinese Word Segmentor with Context-based Unknown Word Identifier for the Second International {C}hinese Word Segmentation Bakeoff",
    author = "Tsai, Jia-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3020",
}
@inproceedings{kit-liu-2005-example,
    title = "An Example-Based {C}hinese Word Segmentation System for {CWSB}-2",
    author = "Kit, Chunyu  and
      Liu, Xiaoyue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3021",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Word Segmentation in {FTRD} Beijing",
    author = "Li, Heng  and
      Dong, Yuan  and
      Mao, Xinnian  and
      Wang, Haila  and
      Liu, Wu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3022",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-perceptron,
    title = "Perceptron Learning for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Li, Yaoyong  and
      Miao, Chuanjiang  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina  and
      Cunningham, Hamish",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3023",
}
@inproceedings{lim-kang-2005-data,
    title = "Data-driven Language Independent Word Segmentation Using Character-Level Information",
    author = "Lim, Dong-Hee  and
      Kang, Seung-Shik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3024",
}
@inproceedings{low-etal-2005-maximum,
    title = "A Maximum Entropy Approach to {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Low, Jin Kiat  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Guo, Wenyuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3025",
}
@inproceedings{fu-etal-2005-description,
    title = "Description of the {HKU} {C}hinese Word Segmentation System for Sighan Bakeoff 2005",
    author = "Fu, Guohong  and
      Luke, Kang-Kwong  and
      WONG, Percy Ping-Wai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3026",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-etal-2005-conditional,
    title = "A Conditional Random Field Word Segmenter for Sighan Bakeoff 2005",
    author = "Tseng, Huihsin  and
      Chang, Pichuan  and
      Andrew, Galen  and
      Jurafsky, Daniel  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3027",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Word Segmentation with Multiple Postprocessors in {HIT}-{IRL}ab",
    author = "Zhang, Huipeng  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Ma, Jinshan  and
      Liao, Xiantao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3028",
}
@inproceedings{chow-etal-2005-maximal,
    title = "Maximal Match {C}hinese Segmentation Augmented by Resources Generated from a Very Large Dictionary for Post-Processing",
    author = "Chow, Ka-Po  and
      Chin, Andy C.  and
      Tsoi, Wing Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3029",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Word Segmentation based on Mixing Model",
    author = "Jiang, Wei  and
      Zhao, Jian  and
      Guan, Yi  and
      Xu, Zhiming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3030",
}
@inproceedings{lau-king-2005-two,
    title = "Two-Phase {LMR}-{RC} Tagging for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Lau, Tak Pang  and
      King, Irwin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3031",
}
@inproceedings{li-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Word Segmentation in {ICT}-{NLP}",
    author = "Li, ShuangLong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3032",
}
@inproceedings{lu-2005-towards,
    title = "Towards a Hybrid Model for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Lu, Xiaofei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3033",
}
@inproceedings{shi-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Word Segmentation Based On Direct Maximum Entropy Model",
    author = "Shi, Wu-Guang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3034",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2005-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Approach to {C}hinese Word Segmentation around {CRF}s",
    author = "Zhou, Jun-sheng  and
      Dai, Xin-yu  and
      Ni, Rui-yu  and
      Chen, Jia-jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3035",
}
@inproceedings{nn-2005-author-index-2,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-3036",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2005-asian,
    title = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4000",
}
@inproceedings{sui-etal-2005-domain,
    title = "Domain Knowledge Engineering Based on Encyclopedias and the Web Text",
    author = "Sui, Zhifang  and
      Cui, Gaoying  and
      Ding, Wansong  and
      Zhang, Qinlong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4001",
}
@inproceedings{noro-etal-2005-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation of a {J}apanese {CFG} Derived from a Syntactically Annotated Corpus with Respect to Dependency Measures",
    author = "Noro, Tomoya  and
      Koike, Chimato  and
      Hashimoto, Taiichi  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu  and
      Tanaka, Hozumi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4002",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-kashioka-2005-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-oriented Acquisition of {C}hinese Grammar",
    author = "Zhang, Yan  and
      Kashioka, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4003",
}
@inproceedings{he-xu-2005-standard,
    title = "The Standard of {C}hinese Corpus Metadata",
    author = "He, Tingting  and
      Xu, Xiaoqi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4004",
}
@inproceedings{yang-rau-2005-integrated,
    title = "An Integrated Framework for Archiving, Processing and Developing Learning Materials for an Endangered Aboriginal Language in Taiwan",
    author = "Yang, Meng-Chien  and
      Rau, D. Victoria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4005",
}
@inproceedings{kato-etal-2005-construction,
    title = "Construction of Structurally Annotated Spoken Dialogue Corpus",
    author = "Kato, Shingo  and
      Matsubara, Shigeki  and
      Yamaguchi, Yukiko  and
      Kawaguchi, Nobuo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4006",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2005-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Conversion of Lexical Semantic Relations: Building Parallel Wordnets",
    author = "Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Su, I-Li  and
      Hong, Jia-Fei  and
      Li, Xiang-Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4007",
}
@inproceedings{tsay-2005-taiwan,
    title = "Taiwan Child Language Corpus: Data Collection and Annotation",
    author = "Tsay, Jane S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4008",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-question,
    title = "Question Classification using Multiple Classifiers",
    author = "Li, Xin  and
      Huang, Xuan-Jing  and
      Wu, Li-de",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4009",
}
@inproceedings{kit-etal-2005-harvesting,
    title = "Harvesting the Bitexts of the Laws of Hong {K}ong From the Web",
    author = "Kit, Chunyu  and
      Liu, Xiaoyue  and
      Sin, KingKui  and
      Webster, Jonathan J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4010",
}
@inproceedings{nn-2005-author-index-3,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on {A}sian Language Resources ({ALR}-05) and First Symposium on {A}sian Language Resources Network ({ALRN})",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-4011",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2005-international-paraphrasing,
    title = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5000",
}
@inproceedings{brockett-dolan-2005-support,
    title = "Support Vector Machines for Paraphrase Identification and Corpus Construction",
    author = "Brockett, Chris  and
      Dolan, William B.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5001",
}
@inproceedings{dolan-brockett-2005-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Constructing a Corpus of Sentential Paraphrases",
    author = "Dolan, William B.  and
      Brockett, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5002",
}
@inproceedings{finch-etal-2005-using,
    title = "Using Machine Translation Evaluation Techniques to Determine Sentence-level Semantic Equivalence",
    author = "Finch, Andrew  and
      Hwang, Young-Sook  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5003",
}
@inproceedings{fujita-inui-2005-class,
    title = "A Class-oriented Approach to Building a Paraphrase Corpus",
    author = "Fujita, Atsushi  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5004",
}
@inproceedings{hallett-scott-2005-structural,
    title = "Structural variation in generated health reports",
    author = "Hallett, Catalina  and
      Scott, Donia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5005",
}
@inproceedings{ikeda-yamamoto-2005-transforming,
    title = "Transforming a Sentence End into News Headline Style",
    author = "Ikeda, Satoshi  and
      Yamamoto, Kazuhide",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5006",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-automated,
    title = "Automated Generalization of Phrasal Paraphrases from the Web",
    author = "Li, Weigang  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Zhang, Yu  and
      Li, Sheng  and
      He, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5007",
}
@inproceedings{lepage-denoual-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic generation of paraphrases to be used as translation references in objective evaluation measures of machine translation",
    author = "Lepage, Yves  and
      Denoual, Etienne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5008",
}
@inproceedings{ohtake-2005-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Contextual Dependency of Paraphrases using a Latent Variable Model",
    author = "Ohtake, Kiyonroi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5009",
}
@inproceedings{power-scott-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic generation of large-scale paraphrases",
    author = "Power, Richard  and
      Scott, Donia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5010",
}
@inproceedings{sekine-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Paraphrase Discovery based on Context and Keywords between {NE} Pairs",
    author = "Sekine, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5011",
}
@inproceedings{wan-etal-2005-towards,
    title = "Towards Statistical Paraphrase Generation: Preliminary Evaluations of Grammaticality",
    author = "Wan, Stephen  and
      Dras, Mark  and
      Dale, Robert  and
      Paris, C{\'e}cile",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5012",
}
@inproceedings{nn-2005-author-index-4,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing ({IWP}2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-5013",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2005-international-linguistically,
    title = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6000",
}
@inproceedings{spreyer-frank-2005-tiger,
    title = "The {TIGER} 700 {RMRS} Bank: {RMRS} Construction from Dependencies",
    author = "Spreyer, Kathrin  and
      Frank, Anette",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6001",
}
@inproceedings{kanamaru-etal-2005-obtaining,
    title = "Obtaining {J}apanese Lexical Units for Semantic Frames from {B}erkeley {F}rame{N}et Using a Bilingual Corpus",
    author = "Kanamaru, Toshiyuki  and
      Murata, Masaki  and
      Kuroda, Kow  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6002",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-2005-study,
    title = "A Study of Applying {BTM} Model on the {C}hinese Chunk Bracketing",
    author = "Tsai, Jia-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6003",
}
@inproceedings{hashimoto-etal-2005-integration,
    title = "Integration of a Lexical Type Database with a Linguistically Interpreted Corpus",
    author = "Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Bond, Francis  and
      Tanaka, Takaaki  and
      Siegel, Melanie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6004",
}
@inproceedings{ozaku-etal-2005-building,
    title = "Building Dialogue Corpora for Nursing Activity Analysis",
    author = "Ozaku, Hiromi itoh  and
      Abe, Akinori  and
      Kuwahara, Noriaki  and
      Naya, Futoshi  and
      Kogure, Kiyoshi  and
      Sagara, Kaoru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6005",
}
@inproceedings{fang-2005-syntactically,
    title = "The Syntactically Annotated {ICE} Corpus and the Automatic Induction of a Formal Grammar",
    author = "Fang, Alex Chengyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6006",
}
@inproceedings{skadhauge-hardt-2005-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Identification of Attribution in the {RST} Treebank",
    author = "Skadhauge, Peter Rossen  and
      Hardt, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6007",
}
@inproceedings{moiron-2005-linguistically,
    title = "Linguistically enriched corpora for establishing variation in support verb constructions",
    author = "Moir{\'o}n, Bego{\~n}a Villada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6008",
}
@inproceedings{izumi-etal-2005-error,
    title = "Error Annotation for Corpus of {J}apanese Learner {E}nglish",
    author = "Izumi, Emi  and
      Uchimoto, Kiyotaka  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6009",
}
@inproceedings{spranger-2005-remarks,
    title = "Some remarks on the Annotation of Quantifying Noun Groups in Treebanks",
    author = "Spranger, Kristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6010",
}
@inproceedings{nariyama-etal-2005-annotating,
    title = "Annotating Honorifics Denoting Social Ranking of Referents",
    author = "Nariyama, Shigeko  and
      Nakaiwa, Hiromi  and
      Siegel, Melanie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6011",
}
@inproceedings{nn-2005-author-index-5,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora ({LINC}-2005)",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-6012",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2005-ontolex,
    title = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7000",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2005-extended,
    title = "Extended-{H}ow{N}et: A Representational Framework for Concepts",
    author = "Chen, Keh-Jiann  and
      Huang, Shu-Ling  and
      Shih, Yueh-Yin  and
      Chen, Yi-Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7001",
}
@inproceedings{chou-huang-2005-hantology,
    title = "{H}antology: An Ontology based on Conventionalized Conceptualization",
    author = "Chou, Ya-Min  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7002",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2005-general,
    title = "From General Ontology to Specialized Ontology: A study based on a single author historical corpus",
    author = "Chang, Ru-Yng  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Lo, Feng-Ju  and
      Chang, Sueming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7003",
}
@inproceedings{gavrila-vertan-2005-managelex,
    title = "{MANAGELEX} and the Semantic Web",
    author = "Gavrila, Monica  and
      Vertan, Cristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7004",
}
@inproceedings{gurevych-niederlich-2005-computing,
    title = "Computing Semantic Relatedness in {G}erman with Revised Information Content Metrics",
    author = "Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Niederlich, Hendrik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7005",
}
@inproceedings{kwak-kim-2005-interaction,
    title = "Interaction of Context Descriptor and Ontology for Semantic Service Discovery in Ubiquitous environment",
    author = "Kwak, JunWon  and
      Kim, UngMo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7006",
}
@inproceedings{nirenburg-etal-2005-increasing,
    title = "Increasing Understanding: Interpreting Events of Change",
    author = "Nirenburg, Sergei  and
      McShane, Marjorie  and
      Beale, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7007",
}
@inproceedings{aramaki-etal-2005-toward,
    title = "Toward Medical Ontology using Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Aramaki, Eiji  and
      Imai, Takeshi  and
      Kashiwagi, Masayo  and
      Kajino, Masayuki  and
      Miyo, Kengo  and
      Ohe, Kazuhiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7008",
}
@inproceedings{philpot-etal-2005-omega,
    title = "The Omega Ontology",
    author = "Philpot, Andrew  and
      Hovy, Eduard  and
      Pantel, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7009",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-experiments,
    title = "Experiments of Ontology Construction with Formal Concept Analysis",
    author = "Li, Sujian  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Li, Wenjie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7010",
}
@inproceedings{van-der-plas-bouma-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Acquisition of Lexico-semantic Knowledge for {QA}",
    author = "van der Plas, Lonneke  and
      Bouma, Gosse",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7011",
}
@inproceedings{barbu-mititelu-2005-case,
    title = "A Case Study in Automatic Building of Wordnets",
    author = "Barbu, Eduard  and
      Mititelu, Verginica Barbu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7012",
}
@inproceedings{prevot-etal-2005-interfacing,
    title = "Interfacing Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    author = "Prevot, Laurent  and
      Borgo, Stefano  and
      Oltramari, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7013",
}
@inproceedings{nn-2005-author-index-6,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {O}nto{L}ex 2005 - Ontologies and Lexical Resources",
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7014",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2011-international,
    title = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Wang, Haifeng  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1000",
}
@inproceedings{gupta-manning-2011-analyzing,
    title = "Analyzing the Dynamics of Research by Extracting Key Aspects of Scientific Papers",
    author = "Gupta, Sonal  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1001",
    pages = "1--9",
}
@inproceedings{qian-zhou-2011-dependency,
    title = "Dependency-directed Tree Kernel-based Protein-Protein Interaction Extraction from Biomedical Literature",
    author = "Qian, Longhua  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1002",
    pages = "10--19",
}
@inproceedings{bach-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning Logical Structures of Paragraphs in Legal Articles",
    author = "Bach, Ngo Xuan  and
      Minh, Nguyen Le  and
      Oanh, Tran Thi  and
      Shimazu, Akira",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1003",
    pages = "20--28",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Pre-ordering Rules from Predicate-Argument Structures",
    author = "Wu, Xianchao  and
      Sudoh, Katsuhito  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Tsukada, Hajime  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1004",
    pages = "29--37",
}
@inproceedings{khalilov-simaan-2011-context,
    title = "Context-Sensitive Syntactic Source-Reordering by Statistical Transduction",
    author = "Khalilov, Maxim  and
      Sima{'}an, Khalil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1005",
    pages = "38--46",
}
@inproceedings{ling-etal-2011-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Phrase-based Lexicalized Reordering Models using Weighted Reordering Graphs",
    author = "Ling, Wang  and
      Gra{\c{c}}a, Jo{\~a}o  and
      Martins de Matos, David  and
      Trancoso, Isabel  and
      Black, Alan W",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1006",
    pages = "47--55",
}
@inproceedings{mirroshandel-etal-2011-active,
    title = "Active Learning Strategies for Support Vector Machines, Application to Temporal Relation Classification",
    author = "Mirroshandel, Seyed Abolghasem  and
      Ghassem-Sani, Gholamreza  and
      Nasr, Alexis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1007",
    pages = "56--64",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2011-fast,
    title = "A Fast Accurate Two-stage Training Algorithm for {L}1-regularized {CRF}s with Heuristic Line Search Strategy",
    author = "Zhou, Jinlong  and
      Qiu, Xipeng  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1008",
    pages = "65--74",
}
@inproceedings{levine-dejong-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Topic Model Adaptation for Sentiment Analysis in Structured Domains",
    author = "Levine, Geoffrey  and
      DeJong, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1009",
    pages = "75--83",
}
@inproceedings{iida-etal-2011-multi,
    title = "Multi-modal Reference Resolution in Situated Dialogue by Integrating Linguistic and Extra-Linguistic Clues",
    author = "Iida, Ryu  and
      Yasuhara, Masaaki  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1010",
    pages = "84--92",
}
@inproceedings{saha-etal-2011-single,
    title = "Single and multi-objective optimization for feature selection in anaphora resolution",
    author = "Saha, Sriparna  and
      Ekbal, Asif  and
      Uryupina, Olga  and
      Poesio, Massimo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1011",
    pages = "93--101",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2011-unified,
    title = "A Unified Event Coreference Resolution by Integrating Multiple Resolvers",
    author = "Chen, Bin  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Pan, Sinno Jialin  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1012",
    pages = "102--110",
}
@inproceedings{gandhe-etal-2011-handling,
    title = "Handling verb phrase morphology in highly inflected {I}ndian languages for Machine Translation",
    author = "Gandhe, Ankur  and
      Gangadharaiah, Rashmi  and
      Visweswariah, Karthik  and
      Ramanathan, Ananthakrishnan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1013",
    pages = "111--119",
}
@inproceedings{hatori-suzuki-2011-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese Pronunciation Prediction as Phrasal Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Hatori, Jun  and
      Suzuki, Hisami",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1014",
    pages = "120--128",
}
@inproceedings{sajjad-etal-2011-comparing,
    title = "Comparing Two Techniques for Learning Transliteration Models Using a Parallel Corpus",
    author = "Sajjad, Hassan  and
      Durrani, Nadir  and
      Schmid, Helmut  and
      Fraser, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1015",
    pages = "129--137",
}
@inproceedings{chen-zong-2011-semantic,
    title = "A Semantic-Specific Model for {C}hinese Named Entity Translation",
    author = "Chen, Yufeng  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1016",
    pages = "138--146",
}
@inproceedings{mizumoto-etal-2011-mining,
    title = "Mining Revision Log of Language Learning {SNS} for Automated {J}apanese Error Correction of Second Language Learners",
    author = "Mizumoto, Tomoya  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Nagata, Masaaki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1017",
    pages = "147--155",
}
@inproceedings{solorio-etal-2011-modality,
    title = "Modality Specific Meta Features for Authorship Attribution in Web Forum Posts",
    author = "Solorio, Thamar  and
      Pillay, Sangita  and
      Raghavan, Sindhu  and
      Montes y G{\'o}mez, Manuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1018",
    pages = "156--164",
}
@inproceedings{ding-etal-2011-keyphrase,
    title = "Keyphrase Extraction from Online News Using Binary Integer Programming",
    author = "Ding, Zhuoye  and
      Zhang, Qi  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1019",
    pages = "165--173",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving Related Entity Finding via Incorporating Homepages and Recognizing Fine-grained Entities",
    author = "Wu, Youzheng  and
      Hori, Chiori  and
      Kawai, Hisashi  and
      Kashioka, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1020",
    pages = "174--182",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2011-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing Active Learning for Semantic Role Labeling via Compressed Dependency Trees",
    author = "Chen, Chenhua  and
      Palmer, Alexis  and
      Sporleder, Caroline",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1021",
    pages = "183--191",
}
@inproceedings{boxwell-etal-2011-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Role Labeling Without Treebanks?",
    author = "Boxwell, Stephen  and
      Brew, Chris  and
      Baldridge, Jason  and
      Mehay, Dennis  and
      Ravi, Sujith",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1022",
    pages = "192--200",
}
@inproceedings{hayashibe-etal-2011-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese Predicate Argument Structure Analysis Exploiting Argument Position and Type",
    author = "Hayashibe, Yuta  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1023",
    pages = "201--209",
}
@inproceedings{reddy-etal-2011-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study on Compositionality in Compound Nouns",
    author = "Reddy, Siva  and
      McCarthy, Diana  and
      Manandhar, Suresh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1024",
    pages = "210--218",
}
@inproceedings{huang-harper-2011-feature,
    title = "Feature-Rich Log-Linear Lexical Model for Latent Variable {PCFG} Grammars",
    author = "Huang, Zhongqiang  and
      Harper, Mary",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1025",
    pages = "219--227",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving Dependency Parsing with Fined-Grained Features",
    author = "Zhou, Guangyou  and
      Cai, Li  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1026",
    pages = "228--236",
}
@inproceedings{carlos-2011-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Programming Using Class Sequential Rules",
    author = "Carlos, Cohan Sujay",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1027",
    pages = "237--245",
}
@inproceedings{mackinlay-etal-2011-treeblazing,
    title = "{T}reeblazing: Using External Treebanks to Filter Parse Forests for Parse Selection and Treebanking",
    author = "MacKinlay, Andrew  and
      Dridan, Rebecca  and
      Flickinger, Dan  and
      Oepen, Stephan  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1028",
    pages = "246--254",
}
@inproceedings{mcnamee-etal-2011-cross,
    title = "Cross-Language Entity Linking",
    author = "McNamee, Paul  and
      Mayfield, James  and
      Lawrie, Dawn  and
      Oard, Douglas  and
      Doermann, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1029",
    pages = "255--263",
}
@inproceedings{fu-etal-2011-generating,
    title = "Generating {C}hinese Named Entity Data from a Parallel Corpus",
    author = "Fu, Ruiji  and
      Qin, Bing  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1030",
    pages = "264--272",
}
@inproceedings{cai-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning the Latent Topics for Question Retrieval in Community {QA}",
    author = "Cai, Li  and
      Zhou, Guangyou  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1031",
    pages = "273--281",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2011-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Event Descriptions using Co-training with Online News Summaries",
    author = "Wang, William Yang  and
      Thadani, Kapil  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1032",
    pages = "282--291",
}
@inproceedings{oka-etal-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Labeling of Voiced Consonants for Morphological Analysis of Modern {J}apanese Literature",
    author = "Oka, Teruaki  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Ogiso, Toshinobu  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1033",
    pages = "292--300",
}
@inproceedings{natarajan-charniak-2011-s3,
    title = "$S^3$ - Statistical Sandhi Splitting",
    author = "Natarajan, Abhiram  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1034",
    pages = "301--308",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving {C}hinese Word Segmentation and {POS} Tagging with Semi-supervised Methods Using Large Auto-Analyzed Data",
    author = "Wang, Yiou  and
      Kazama, Jun{'}ichi  and
      Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa  and
      Chen, Wenliang  and
      Zhang, Yujie  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1035",
    pages = "309--317",
}
@inproceedings{dasigi-diab-2011-codact,
    title = "{CODACT}: Towards Identifying Orthographic Variants in Dialectal {A}rabic",
    author = "Dasigi, Pradeep  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1036",
    pages = "318--326",
}
@inproceedings{wei-gulla-2011-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing the {HL}-{SOT} Approach to Sentiment Analysis via a Localized Feature Selection Framework",
    author = "Wei, Wei  and
      Gulla, Jon Atle",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1037",
    pages = "327--335",
}
@inproceedings{zirn-etal-2011-fine,
    title = "Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis with Structural Features",
    author = {Zirn, C{\"a}cilia  and
      Niepert, Mathias  and
      Stuckenschmidt, Heiner  and
      Strube, Michael},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1038",
    pages = "336--344",
}
@inproceedings{ku-etal-2011-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Opinion Dependency Relations for Opinion Analysis",
    author = "Ku, Lun-Wei  and
      Huang, Ting-Hao  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1039",
    pages = "345--353",
}
@inproceedings{min-park-2011-detecting,
    title = "Detecting and Blocking False Sentiment Propagation",
    author = "Min, Hye-Jin  and
      Park, Jong C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1040",
    pages = "354--362",
}
@inproceedings{chrupala-2011-efficient,
    title = "Efficient induction of probabilistic word classes with {LDA}",
    author = "Chrupala, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1041",
    pages = "363--372",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2011-quality,
    title = "Quality-biased Ranking of Short Texts in Microblogging Services",
    author = "Huang, Minlie  and
      Yang, Yi  and
      Zhu, Xiaoyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1042",
    pages = "373--382",
}
@inproceedings{joshi-etal-2011-labeling,
    title = "Labeling Unlabeled Data using Cross-Language Guided Clustering",
    author = "Joshi, Sachindra  and
      Contractor, Danish  and
      Negi, Sumit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1043",
    pages = "383--391",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Relation Descriptors with Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Li, Yaliang  and
      Jiang, Jing  and
      Chieu, Hai Leong  and
      Chai, Kian Ming A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1044",
    pages = "392--400",
}
@inproceedings{pasca-2011-attribute,
    title = "Attribute Extraction from Synthetic Web Search Queries",
    author = "Pa{\c{s}}ca, Marius",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1045",
    pages = "401--409",
}
@inproceedings{uchiumi-etal-2011-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese Abbreviation Expansion with Query and Clickthrough Logs",
    author = "Uchiumi, Kei  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Machinaga, Keigo  and
      Maezawa, Toshiyuki  and
      Satou, Toshinori  and
      Kobayashi, Yoshinori",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1046",
    pages = "410--419",
}
@inproceedings{shi-etal-2011-mining,
    title = "Mining Parallel Documents Using Low Bandwidth and High Precision {CLIR} from the Heterogeneous Web",
    author = "Shi, Simon  and
      Fung, Pascale  and
      Prochasson, Emmanuel  and
      Lo, Chi-kiu  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1047",
    pages = "420--428",
}
@inproceedings{barbosa-etal-2011-crawling,
    title = "Crawling Back and Forth: Using Back and Out Links to Locate Bilingual Sites",
    author = "Barbosa, Luciano  and
      Bangalore, Srinivas  and
      Rangarajan Sridhar, Vivek Kumar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1048",
    pages = "429--437",
}
@inproceedings{boonkwan-steedman-2011-grammar,
    title = "Grammar Induction from Text Using Small Syntactic Prototypes",
    author = "Boonkwan, Prachya  and
      Steedman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1049",
    pages = "438--446",
}
@inproceedings{dara-etal-2011-transferring,
    title = "Transferring Syntactic Relations from {E}nglish to {H}indi Using Alignments on Local Word Groups",
    author = "Dara, Aswarth  and
      Mannem, Prashanth  and
      Bayyarapu, Hemanth Sagar  and
      PVS, Avinesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1050",
    pages = "447--455",
}
@inproceedings{kawahara-kurohashi-2011-generative,
    title = "Generative Modeling of Coordination by Factoring Parallelism and Selectional Preferences",
    author = "Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1051",
    pages = "456--464",
}
@inproceedings{rahman-ng-2011-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Parsing for Ranking-Based Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Rahman, Altaf  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1052",
    pages = "465--473",
}
@inproceedings{bach-etal-2011-tris,
    title = "{T}ri{S}: A Statistical Sentence Simplifier with Log-linear Models and Margin-based Discriminative Training",
    author = "Bach, Nguyen  and
      Gao, Qin  and
      Vogel, Stephan  and
      Waibel, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1053",
    pages = "474--482",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2011-social,
    title = "Social Summarization via Automatically Discovered Social Context",
    author = "Hu, Po  and
      Sun, Cheng  and
      Wu, Longfei  and
      Ji, Donghong  and
      Teng, Chong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1054",
    pages = "483--490",
}
@inproceedings{cai-etal-2011-simultaneous,
    title = "Simultaneous Clustering and Noise Detection for Theme-based Summarization",
    author = "Cai, Xiaoyan  and
      Zhang, Renxian  and
      Gao, Dehong  and
      Li, Wenjie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1055",
    pages = "491--499",
}
@inproceedings{tamura-etal-2011-extractive,
    title = "Extractive Summarization Method for Contact Center Dialogues based on Call Logs",
    author = "Tamura, Akihiro  and
      Ishikawa, Kai  and
      Saikou, Masahiro  and
      Tsuchida, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1056",
    pages = "500--508",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2011-indexing,
    title = "Indexing Spoken Documents with Hierarchical Semantic Structures: Semantic Tree-to-string Alignment Models",
    author = "Zhu, Xiaodan  and
      Cherry, Colin  and
      Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1057",
    pages = "509--517",
}
@inproceedings{galibert-etal-2011-structured,
    title = "Structured and Extended Named Entity Evaluation in Automatic Speech Transcriptions",
    author = "Galibert, Olivier  and
      Rosset, Sophie  and
      Grouin, Cyril  and
      Zweigenbaum, Pierre  and
      Quintard, Ludovic",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1058",
    pages = "518--526",
}
@inproceedings{foda-bird-2011-normalising,
    title = "Normalising Audio Transcriptions for Unwritten Languages",
    author = "Foda, Adel  and
      Bird, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1059",
    pages = "527--535",
}
@inproceedings{varga-etal-2011-similarity,
    title = "Similarity Based Language Model Construction for Voice Activated Open-Domain Question Answering",
    author = "Varga, Istv{\'a}n  and
      Ohtake, Kiyonori  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      De Saeger, Stijn  and
      Misu, Teruhisa  and
      Matsuda, Shigeki  and
      Kazama, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1060",
    pages = "536--544",
}
@inproceedings{enright-kondrak-2011-application,
    title = "The application of chordal graphs to inferring phylogenetic trees of languages",
    author = "Enright, Jessica  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1061",
    pages = "545--552",
}
@inproceedings{lui-baldwin-2011-cross,
    title = "Cross-domain Feature Selection for Language Identification",
    author = "Lui, Marco  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1062",
    pages = "553--561",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2011-wikipedia,
    title = "A {W}ikipedia-{LDA} Model for Entity Linking with Batch Size Changing Instance Selection",
    author = "Zhang, Wei  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1063",
    pages = "562--570",
}
@inproceedings{ngo-cao-2011-discovering,
    title = "Discovering Latent Concepts and Exploiting Ontological Features for Semantic Text Search",
    author = "Ngo, Vuong M.  and
      Cao, Tru H.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1064",
    pages = "571--579",
}
@inproceedings{tang-etal-2011-clgvsm,
    title = "{CLGVSM}: Adapting Generalized Vector Space Model to Cross-lingual Document Clustering",
    author = "Tang, Guoyu  and
      Xia, Yunqing  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Li, Haizhou  and
      Zheng, Fang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1065",
    pages = "580--588",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2011-thread,
    title = "Thread Cleaning and Merging for Microblog Topic Detection",
    author = "Zhang, Jianfeng  and
      Xia, Yunqing  and
      Ma, Bin  and
      Yao, Jianmin  and
      Hong, Yu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1066",
    pages = "589--597",
}
@inproceedings{rossignol-etal-2011-training,
    title = "Training a {BN}-based user model for dialogue simulation with missing data",
    author = "Rossignol, St{\'e}phane  and
      Pietquin, Olivier  and
      Ianotto, Michel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1067",
    pages = "598--604",
}
@inproceedings{louis-nenkova-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic identification of general and specific sentences by leveraging discourse annotations",
    author = "Louis, Annie  and
      Nenkova, Ani",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1068",
    pages = "605--613",
}
@inproceedings{xia-zong-2011-pos,
    title = "A {POS}-based Ensemble Model for Cross-domain Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Xia, Rui  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1069",
    pages = "614--622",
}
@inproceedings{dong-schafer-2011-ensemble,
    title = "Ensemble-style Self-training on Citation Classification",
    author = {Dong, Cailing  and
      Sch{\"a}fer, Ulrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1070",
    pages = "623--631",
}
@inproceedings{wachsmuth-bujna-2011-back,
    title = "Back to the Roots of Genres: Text Classification by Language Function",
    author = "Wachsmuth, Henning  and
      Bujna, Kathrin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1071",
    pages = "632--640",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-etal-2011-transductive,
    title = "Transductive Minimum Error Rate Training for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhao, Yinggong  and
      Liu, Shujie  and
      Ji, Yangsheng  and
      Chen, Jiajun  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1072",
    pages = "641--648",
}
@inproceedings{suzuki-etal-2011-distributed,
    title = "Distributed Minimum Error Rate Training of {SMT} using Particle Swarm Optimization",
    author = "Suzuki, Jun  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1073",
    pages = "649--657",
}
@inproceedings{patry-langlais-2011-going,
    title = "Going Beyond Word Cooccurrences in Global Lexical Selection for Statistical Machine Translation using a Multilayer Perceptron",
    author = "Patry, Alexandre  and
      Langlais, Philippe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1074",
    pages = "658--666",
}
@inproceedings{devlin-etal-2011-system,
    title = "System Combination Using Discriminative Cross-Adaptation",
    author = "Devlin, Jacob  and
      Rosti, Antti-Veikko  and
      Ananthakrishnan, Sankaranarayanan  and
      Matsoukas, Spyros",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1075",
    pages = "667--675",
}
@inproceedings{fujita-fujino-2011-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation by Combining Labeled Data Expansion and Semi-Supervised Learning Method",
    author = "Fujita, Sanae  and
      Fujino, Akinori",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1076",
    pages = "676--685",
}
@inproceedings{chen-liu-2011-combining,
    title = "Combining {C}oncept{N}et and {W}ord{N}et for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Chen, Junpeng  and
      Liu, Juan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1077",
    pages = "686--694",
}
@inproceedings{khapra-etal-2011-takes,
    title = "It Takes Two to Tango: A Bilingual Unsupervised Approach for Estimating Sense Distributions using Expectation Maximization",
    author = "Khapra, Mitesh M.  and
      Joshi, Salil  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1078",
    pages = "695--704",
}
@inproceedings{reddy-etal-2011-dynamic,
    title = "Dynamic and Static Prototype Vectors for Semantic Composition",
    author = "Reddy, Siva  and
      Klapaftis, Ioannis  and
      McCarthy, Diana  and
      Manandhar, Suresh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1079",
    pages = "705--713",
}
@inproceedings{liao-grishman-2011-using,
    title = "Using Prediction from Sentential Scope to Build a Pseudo Co-Testing Learner for Event Extraction",
    author = "Liao, Shasha  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1080",
    pages = "714--722",
}
@inproceedings{jean-louis-etal-2011-text,
    title = "Text Segmentation and Graph-based Method for Template Filling in Information Extraction",
    author = "Jean-Louis, Ludovic  and
      Besan{\c{c}}on, Romaric  and
      Ferret, Olivier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1081",
    pages = "723--731",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-moschitti-2011-joint,
    title = "Joint Distant and Direct Supervision for Relation Extraction",
    author = "Nguyen, Truc-Vien T.  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1082",
    pages = "732--740",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2011-cross,
    title = "A Cross-lingual Annotation Projection-based Self-supervision Approach for Open Information Extraction",
    author = "Kim, Seokhwan  and
      Jeong, Minwoo  and
      Lee, Jonghoon  and
      Lee, Gary Geunbae",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1083",
    pages = "741--748",
}
@inproceedings{hara-etal-2011-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Difficulties in Parsing Imperatives and Questions",
    author = "Hara, Tadayoshi  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1084",
    pages = "749--757",
}
@inproceedings{sasano-kurohashi-2011-discriminative,
    title = "A Discriminative Approach to {J}apanese Zero Anaphora Resolution with Large-scale Lexicalized Case Frames",
    author = "Sasano, Ryohei  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1085",
    pages = "758--766",
}
@inproceedings{cholakov-etal-2011-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Comparison of Unknown Word Prediction Methods",
    author = "Cholakov, Kostadin  and
      van Noord, Gertjan  and
      Kordoni, Valia  and
      Zhang, Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1086",
    pages = "767--775",
}
@inproceedings{flannery-etal-2011-training,
    title = "Training Dependency Parsers from Partially Annotated Corpora",
    author = "Flannery, Daniel  and
      Miayo, Yusuke  and
      Neubig, Graham  and
      Mori, Shinsuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1087",
    pages = "776--784",
}
@inproceedings{ghodke-etal-2011-breadth,
    title = "A Breadth-First Representation for Tree Matching in Large Scale Forest-Based Translation",
    author = "Ghodke, Sumukh  and
      Bird, Steven  and
      Zhang, Rui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1088",
    pages = "785--793",
}
@inproceedings{nakazawa-kurohashi-2011-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Subtree Alignment Model based on Dependency Trees",
    author = "Nakazawa, Toshiaki  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1089",
    pages = "794--802",
}
@inproceedings{he-etal-2011-enriching,
    title = "Enriching {SMT} Training Data via Paraphrasing",
    author = "He, Wei  and
      Zhao, Shiqi  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1090",
    pages = "803--810",
}
@inproceedings{paul-sumita-2011-translation,
    title = "Translation Quality Indicators for Pivot-based Statistical {MT}",
    author = "Paul, Michael  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1091",
    pages = "811--818",
}
@inproceedings{ananthakrishnan-etal-2011-source,
    title = "Source Error-Projection for Sample Selection in Phrase-Based {SMT} for Resource-Poor Languages",
    author = "Ananthakrishnan, Sankaranarayanan  and
      Vitaladevuni, Shiv  and
      Prasad, Rohit  and
      Natarajan, Prem",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1092",
    pages = "819--827",
}
@inproceedings{iwakura-etal-2011-named,
    title = "A Named Entity Recognition Method based on Decomposition and Concatenation of Word Chunks",
    author = "Iwakura, Tomoya  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1093",
    pages = "828--836",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2011-extract,
    title = "Extract {C}hinese Unknown Words from a Large-scale Corpus Using Morphological and Distributional Evidences",
    author = "Zhang, Kaixu  and
      Wang, Ruining  and
      Xue, Ping  and
      Sun, Maosong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1094",
    pages = "837--845",
}
@inproceedings{dai-etal-2011-entity,
    title = "Entity Disambiguation Using a {M}arkov-Logic Network",
    author = "Dai, Hong-Jie  and
      Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1095",
    pages = "846--855",
}
@inproceedings{wan-etal-2011-named,
    title = "Named Entity Recognition in {C}hinese News Comments on the Web",
    author = "Wan, Xiaojun  and
      Zong, Liang  and
      Huang, Xiaojiang  and
      Ma, Tengfei  and
      Jia, Houping  and
      Wu, Yuqian  and
      Xiao, Jianguo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1096",
    pages = "856--864",
}
@inproceedings{hauer-kondrak-2011-clustering,
    title = "Clustering Semantically Equivalent Words into Cognate Sets in Multilingual Lists",
    author = "Hauer, Bradley  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1097",
    pages = "865--873",
}
@inproceedings{yamada-etal-2011-extending,
    title = "Extending {W}ord{N}et with Hypernyms and Siblings Acquired from {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Yamada, Ichiro  and
      Oh, Jong-Hoon  and
      Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      Kazama, Jun{'}ichi  and
      De Saeger, Stijn  and
      Kawada, Takuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1098",
    pages = "874--882",
}
@inproceedings{meyer-gurevych-2011-psycholinguists,
    title = "What Psycholinguists Know About Chemistry: Aligning {W}iktionary and {W}ord{N}et for Increased Domain Coverage",
    author = "Meyer, Christian M.  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1099",
    pages = "883--892",
}
@inproceedings{foster-etal-2011-news,
    title = "From News to Comment: Resources and Benchmarks for Parsing the Language of Web 2.0",
    author = {Foster, Jennifer  and
      {\c{C}}etino{\u{g}}lu, {\"O}zlem  and
      Wagner, Joachim  and
      Le Roux, Joseph  and
      Nivre, Joakim  and
      Hogan, Deirdre  and
      van Genabith, Josef},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1100",
    pages = "893--901",
}
@inproceedings{tsuchida-etal-2011-toward,
    title = "Toward Finding Semantic Relations not Written in a Single Sentence: An Inference Method using Auto-Discovered Rules",
    author = "Tsuchida, Masaaki  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      De Saeger, Stijn  and
      Oh, Jong-Hoon  and
      Kazama, Jun{'}ichi  and
      Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Ohwada, Hayato",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1101",
    pages = "902--910",
}
@inproceedings{fothergill-baldwin-2011-fleshing,
    title = "Fleshing it out: A Supervised Approach to {MWE}-token and {MWE}-type Classification",
    author = "Fothergill, Richard  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1102",
    pages = "911--919",
}
@inproceedings{yokono-etal-2011-identification,
    title = "Identification of relations between answers with global constraints for Community-based Question Answering services",
    author = "Yokono, Hikaru  and
      Hasegawa, Takaaki  and
      Kikui, Genichiro  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1103",
    pages = "920--928",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-etal-2011-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Generating Questions from Queries for Community-based Question Answering",
    author = "Zhao, Shiqi  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Li, Chao  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Guan, Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1104",
    pages = "929--937",
}
@inproceedings{hui-etal-2011-question,
    title = "Question classification based on an extended class sequential rule model",
    author = "Hui, Zijing  and
      Liu, Juan  and
      Ouyang, Lumei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1105",
    pages = "938--946",
}
@inproceedings{zheng-etal-2011-k2q,
    title = "{K}2{Q}: Generating Natural Language Questions from Keywords with User Refinements",
    author = "Zheng, Zhicheng  and
      Si, Xiance  and
      Chang, Edward  and
      Zhu, Xiaoyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1106",
    pages = "947--955",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2011-answering,
    title = "Answering Complex Questions via Exploiting Social Q{\&}A Collection",
    author = "Wu, Youzheng  and
      Hori, Chiori  and
      Kawai, Hisashi  and
      Kashioka, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1107",
    pages = "956--964",
}
@inproceedings{neubig-etal-2011-safety,
    title = "Safety Information Mining {---} What can {NLP} do in a disaster{---}",
    author = "Neubig, Graham  and
      Matsubayashi, Yuichiroh  and
      Hagiwara, Masato  and
      Murakami, Koji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1108",
    pages = "965--973",
}
@inproceedings{pennell-liu-2011-character,
    title = "A Character-Level Machine Translation Approach for Normalization of {SMS} Abbreviations",
    author = "Pennell, Deana  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1109",
    pages = "974--982",
}
@inproceedings{sachan-etal-2011-using,
    title = "Using Text Reviews for Product Entity Completion",
    author = "Sachan, Mrinmaya  and
      Faruquie, Tanveer  and
      Subramaniam, L. V.  and
      Mohania, Mukesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1110",
    pages = "983--991",
}
@inproceedings{negi-2011-mining,
    title = "Mining bilingual topic hierarchies from unaligned text",
    author = "Negi, Sumit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1111",
    pages = "992--1000",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2011-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Near-Duplicate Detection for Q{\&}A Forum",
    author = "Wu, Yan  and
      Zhang, Qi  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1112",
    pages = "1001--1009",
}
@inproceedings{guo-etal-2011-graph,
    title = "A Graph-based Method for Entity Linking",
    author = "Guo, Yuhang  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1113",
    pages = "1010--1018",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2011-harvesting,
    title = "Harvesting Related Entities with a Search Engine",
    author = "Sun, Shuqi  and
      Zhao, Shiqi  and
      Yang, Muyun  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1114",
    pages = "1019--1027",
}
@inproceedings{shibata-kurohashi-2011-acquiring,
    title = "Acquiring Strongly-related Events using Predicate-argument Co-occurring Statistics and Case Frames",
    author = "Shibata, Tomohide  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1115",
    pages = "1028--1036",
}
@inproceedings{harashima-kurohashi-2011-relevance,
    title = "Relevance Feedback using Latent Information",
    author = "Harashima, Jun  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1116",
    pages = "1037--1045",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2011-passage,
    title = "Passage Retrieval for Information Extraction using Distant Supervision",
    author = "Xu, Wei  and
      Grishman, Ralph  and
      Zhao, Le",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1117",
    pages = "1046--1054",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-using,
    title = "Using Context Inference to Improve Sentence Ordering for Multi-document Summarization",
    author = "Li, Peifeng  and
      Deng, Guangxi  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1118",
    pages = "1055--1061",
}
@inproceedings{smith-jonsson-2011-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing extraction based summarization with outside word space",
    author = {Smith, Christian  and
      J{\"o}nsson, Arne},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1119",
    pages = "1062--1070",
}
@inproceedings{ghosh-etal-2011-shallow,
    title = "Shallow Discourse Parsing with Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Ghosh, Sucheta  and
      Johansson, Richard  and
      Riccardi, Giuseppe  and
      Tonelli, Sara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1120",
    pages = "1071--1079",
}
@inproceedings{kitagawa-tanaka-ishii-2011-relational,
    title = "Relational Lasso {---}{A}n Improved Method Using the Relations Among Features{---}",
    author = "Kitagawa, Kotaro  and
      Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1121",
    pages = "1080--1088",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2011-enhance,
    title = "Enhance Top-down method with Meta-Classification for Very Large-scale Hierarchical Classification",
    author = "Wang, Xiao-Lin  and
      Zhao, Hai  and
      Lu, Bao-Liang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1122",
    pages = "1089--1097",
}
@inproceedings{chali-etal-2011-using,
    title = "Using Syntactic and Shallow Semantic Kernels to Improve Multi-Modality Manifold-Ranking for Topic-Focused Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Chali, Yllias  and
      Hasan, Sadid A.  and
      Imam, Kaisar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1123",
    pages = "1098--1106",
}
@inproceedings{komiya-okumura-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Determination of a Domain Adaptation Method for Word Sense Disambiguation Using Decision Tree Learning",
    author = "Komiya, Kanako  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1124",
    pages = "1107--1115",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning from {C}hinese-{E}nglish Parallel Data for {C}hinese Tense Prediction",
    author = "Liu, Feifan  and
      Liu, Fei  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1125",
    pages = "1116--1124",
}
@inproceedings{yoshikawa-etal-2011-jointly,
    title = "Jointly Extracting {J}apanese Predicate-Argument Relation with {M}arkov Logic",
    author = "Yoshikawa, Katsumasa  and
      Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1126",
    pages = "1125--1133",
}
@inproceedings{thater-etal-2011-word,
    title = "Word Meaning in Context: A Simple and Effective Vector Model",
    author = {Thater, Stefan  and
      F{\"u}rstenau, Hagen  and
      Pinkal, Manfred},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1127",
    pages = "1134--1143",
}
@inproceedings{souza-feltrim-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Analysis of Semantic Coherence in Academic Abstracts Written in {P}ortuguese",
    author = "Souza, Vin{\'\i}cius Mour{\~a}o Alves de  and
      Feltrim, Val{\'e}ria Delisandra",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1128",
    pages = "1144--1152",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2011-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Subjectivity Detection with Weakly-Supervised Learning",
    author = "Lin, Chenghua  and
      He, Yulan  and
      Everson, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1129",
    pages = "1153--1161",
}
@inproceedings{berend-2011-opinion,
    title = "Opinion Expression Mining by Exploiting Keyphrase Extraction",
    author = "Berend, G{\'a}bor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1130",
    pages = "1162--1170",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-liu-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Resource Terms for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Zhang, Lei  and
      Liu, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1131",
    pages = "1171--1179",
}
@inproceedings{benamara-etal-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards Context-Based Subjectivity Analysis",
    author = "Benamara, Farah  and
      Chardon, Baptiste  and
      Mathieu, Yannick  and
      Popescu, Vladimir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1132",
    pages = "1180--1188",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2011-compression,
    title = "Compression Methods by Code Mapping and Code Dividing for {C}hinese Dictionary Stored in a Double-Array Trie",
    author = "Liu, Huidan  and
      Nuo, Minghua  and
      Ma, Longlong  and
      Wu, Jian  and
      He, Yeping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1133",
    pages = "1189--1197",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-marcus-2011-functional,
    title = "Functional Elements and {POS} Categories",
    author = "Zhao, Qiuye  and
      Marcus, Mitch",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1134",
    pages = "1198--1206",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2011-joint,
    title = "Joint Alignment and Artificial Data Generation: An Empirical Study of Pivot-based Machine Transliteration",
    author = "Zhang, Min  and
      Duan, Xiangyu  and
      Liu, Ming  and
      Xia, Yunqing  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1135",
    pages = "1207--1215",
}
@inproceedings{hatori-etal-2011-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Joint {POS} Tagging and Dependency Parsing in {C}hinese",
    author = "Hatori, Jun  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1136",
    pages = "1216--1224",
}
@inproceedings{tolone-voyatzi-2011-extending,
    title = "Extending the adverbial coverage of a {NLP} oriented resource for {F}rench",
    author = "Tolone, Elsa  and
      Voyatzi, Stavroula",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1137",
    pages = "1225--1233",
}
@inproceedings{bhatt-etal-2011-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Phenomena, Analyses, and Representations: Understanding Conversion between Treebanks",
    author = "Bhatt, Rajesh  and
      Rambow, Owen  and
      Xia, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1138",
    pages = "1234--1242",
}
@inproceedings{rishoj-etal-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Transformation of the {T}hai Categorial Grammar Treebank to Dependency Trees",
    author = "Rish{\o}j, Christian  and
      Ruangrajitpakorn, Taneth  and
      Boonkwan, Prachya  and
      Supnithi, Thepchai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1139",
    pages = "1243--1250",
}
@inproceedings{wang-zong-2011-parse,
    title = "Parse Reranking Based on Higher-Order Lexical Dependencies",
    author = "Wang, Zhiguo  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1140",
    pages = "1251--1259",
}
@inproceedings{chen-kit-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving Part-of-speech Tagging for Context-free Parsing",
    author = "Chen, Xiao  and
      Kit, Chunyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1141",
    pages = "1260--1268",
}
@inproceedings{dinarelli-rosset-2011-models,
    title = "Models Cascade for Tree-Structured Named Entity Detection",
    author = "Dinarelli, Marco  and
      Rosset, Sophie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1142",
    pages = "1269--1278",
}
@inproceedings{husain-etal-2011-clausal,
    title = "Clausal parsing helps data-driven dependency parsing: Experiments with {H}indi",
    author = "Husain, Samar  and
      Gadde, Phani  and
      Nivre, Joakim  and
      Sangal, Rajeev",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1143",
    pages = "1279--1287",
}
@inproceedings{he-liang-2011-word,
    title = "Word-reordering for Statistical Machine Translation Using Trigram Language Model",
    author = "He, Jing  and
      Liang, Hongyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1144",
    pages = "1288--1293",
}
@inproceedings{tu-etal-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Hierarchical Rules from a Weighted Alignment Matrix",
    author = "Tu, Zhaopeng  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Lin, Shouxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1145",
    pages = "1294--1303",
}
@inproceedings{doren-singh-bandyopadhyay-2011-integration,
    title = "Integration of Reduplicated Multiword Expressions and Named Entities in a Phrase Based Statistical Machine Translation System",
    author = "Doren Singh, Thoudam  and
      Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1146",
    pages = "1304--1312",
}
@inproceedings{schoenemann-2011-regularizing,
    title = "Regularizing Mono- and Bi-Word Models for Word Alignment",
    author = "Schoenemann, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1147",
    pages = "1313--1322",
}
@inproceedings{shah-etal-2011-parametric,
    title = "Parametric Weighting of Parallel Data for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = {Shah, Kashif  and
      Barrault, Lo{\"\i}c  and
      Schwenk, Holger},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1148",
    pages = "1323--1331",
}
@inproceedings{jan-etal-2011-effective,
    title = "An Effective and Robust Framework for Transliteration Exploration",
    author = "Jan, Ea-Ee  and
      Ge, Niyu  and
      Lin, Shih-Hsiang  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1149",
    pages = "1332--1340",
}
@inproceedings{devault-etal-2011-evaluation,
    title = "An Evaluation of Alternative Strategies for Implementing Dialogue Policies Using Statistical Classification and Hand-Authored Rules",
    author = "DeVault, David  and
      Leuski, Anton  and
      Sagae, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1150",
    pages = "1341--1345",
}
@inproceedings{gangadharaiah-2011-reducing,
    title = "Reducing Asymmetry between language-pairs to Improve Alignment and Translation Quality",
    author = "Gangadharaiah, Rashmi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1151",
    pages = "1346--1350",
}
@inproceedings{ramanathan-etal-2011-clause,
    title = "Clause-Based Reordering Constraints to Improve Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Ramanathan, Ananthakrishnan  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Visweswariah, Karthik  and
      Ladha, Kushal  and
      Gandhe, Ankur",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1152",
    pages = "1351--1355",
}
@inproceedings{duh-etal-2011-generalized,
    title = "Generalized Minimum {B}ayes Risk System Combination",
    author = "Duh, Kevin  and
      Sudoh, Katsuhito  and
      Wu, Xianchao  and
      Tsukada, Hajime  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1153",
    pages = "1356--1360",
}
@inproceedings{r-costa-jussa-etal-2011-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing scarce-resource language translation through pivot combinations",
    author = "R. Costa-juss{\`a}, Marta  and
      Henr{\'\i}quez, Carlos  and
      Banchs, Rafael E.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1154",
    pages = "1361--1365",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2011-baseline,
    title = "A Baseline System for {C}hinese Near-Synonym Choice",
    author = "Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Chien, Wei-Nan  and
      Chen, Shih-Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1155",
    pages = "1366--1370",
}
@inproceedings{fukumoto-suzuki-2011-cluster,
    title = "Cluster Labelling based on Concepts in a Machine-Readable Dictionary",
    author = "Fukumoto, Fumiyo  and
      Suzuki, Yoshimi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1156",
    pages = "1371--1375",
}
@inproceedings{chuang-etal-2011-text,
    title = "Text Patterns and Compression Models for Semantic Class Learning",
    author = "Chuang, Chung-Yao  and
      Lee, Yi-Hsun  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1157",
    pages = "1376--1381",
}
@inproceedings{takamura-okumura-2011-potts,
    title = "Potts Model on the Case Fillers for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1158",
    pages = "1382--1386",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-sun-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving Word Sense Induction by Exploiting Semantic Relevance",
    author = "Zhang, Zhenzhong  and
      Sun, Le",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1159",
    pages = "1387--1391",
}
@inproceedings{brooke-etal-2011-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Word Clipping with Latent Semantic Analysis",
    author = "Brooke, Julian  and
      Wang, Tong  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1160",
    pages = "1392--1396",
}
@inproceedings{haralambous-klyuev-2011-semantic,
    title = "A Semantic Relatedness Measure Based on Combined Encyclopedic, Ontological and Collocational Knowledge",
    author = "Haralambous, Yannis  and
      Klyuev, Vitaly",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1161",
    pages = "1397--1402",
}
@inproceedings{leong-mihalcea-2011-going,
    title = "Going Beyond Text: A Hybrid Image-Text Approach for Measuring Word Relatedness",
    author = "Leong, Chee Wee  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1162",
    pages = "1403--1407",
}
@inproceedings{kovelamudi-etal-2011-domain,
    title = "Domain Independent Model for Product Attribute Extraction from User Reviews using {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Kovelamudi, Sudheer  and
      Ramalingam, Sethu  and
      Sood, Arpit  and
      Varma, Vasudeva",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1163",
    pages = "1408--1412",
}
@inproceedings{qu-liu-2011-finding,
    title = "Finding Problem Solving Threads in Online Forum",
    author = "Qu, Zhonghua  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1164",
    pages = "1413--1417",
}
@inproceedings{kotani-etal-2011-compiling,
    title = "Compiling Learner Corpus Data of Linguistic Output and Language Processing in Speaking, Listening, Writing, and Reading",
    author = "Kotani, Katsunori  and
      Yoshimi, Takehiko  and
      Nanjo, Hiroaki  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1165",
    pages = "1418--1422",
}
@inproceedings{wen-wu-2011-mining,
    title = "Mining the Sentiment Expectation of Nouns Using Bootstrapping Method",
    author = "Wen, Miaomiao  and
      Wu, Yunfang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1166",
    pages = "1423--1427",
}
@inproceedings{kojima-etal-2011-analysis,
    title = "An Analysis of Questions in a Q{\&}A Site Resubmitted Based on Indications of Unclear Points of Original Questions",
    author = "Kojima, Masahiro  and
      Watanabe, Yasuhiko  and
      Okada, Yoshihiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1167",
    pages = "1428--1431",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2011-diversifying,
    title = "Diversifying Information Needs in Results of Question Retrieval",
    author = "Zhang, Yaoyun  and
      Wang, Xiaolong  and
      Wang, Xuan  and
      Xu, Ruifeng  and
      Xu, Jun  and
      Fan, ShiXi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1168",
    pages = "1432--1436",
}
@inproceedings{baldwin-chai-2011-beyond,
    title = "Beyond Normalization: Pragmatics of Word Form in Text Messages",
    author = "Baldwin, Tyler  and
      Chai, Joyce",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1169",
    pages = "1437--1441",
}
@inproceedings{huang-chen-2011-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Discourse Relation Recognition",
    author = "Huang, Hen-Hsen  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1170",
    pages = "1442--1446",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving {C}hinese {POS} Tagging with Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Li, Zhenghua  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1171",
    pages = "1447--1451",
}
@inproceedings{goutam-ambati-2011-exploring,
    title = "Exploring self training for {H}indi dependency parsing",
    author = "Goutam, Rahul  and
      Ambati, Bharat Ram",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1172",
    pages = "1452--1456",
}
@inproceedings{shrestha-etal-2011-reduction,
    title = "Reduction of Search Space to Annotate Monolingual Corpora",
    author = "Shrestha, Prajol  and
      Jacquin, Christine  and
      Daille, Beatrice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1173",
    pages = "1457--1461",
}
@inproceedings{lee-2011-toward,
    title = "Toward a Parallel Corpus of Spoken {C}antonese and Written {C}hinese",
    author = "Lee, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1174",
    pages = "1462--1466",
}
@inproceedings{otegi-etal-2011-query,
    title = "Query Expansion for {IR} using Knowledge-Based Relatedness",
    author = "Otegi, Arantxa  and
      Arregi, Xabier  and
      Agirre, Eneko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1175",
    pages = "1467--1471",
}
@inproceedings{che-liu-2011-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation Corpora Acquisition via Confirmation Code",
    author = "Che, Wanxiang  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-1176",
    pages = "1472--1476",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2011-ijcnlp,
    title = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    author = "Church, Kenneth  and
      Xia, Yunqing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-2000",
}
@inproceedings{judea-etal-2011-wikinettk,
    title = "{W}iki{N}et{TK} {--} A Tool Kit for {E}mbedding{W}orld Knowledge in {NLP} Applications",
    author = "Judea, Alex  and
      Nastase, Vivi  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-2001",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{beale-2011-using,
    title = "Using Linguist{'}s Assistant for Language Description and Translation",
    author = "Beale, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-2002",
    pages = "5--8",
}
@inproceedings{rocheteau-daille-2011-ttc,
    title = "{TTC} {T}erm{S}uite - A {UIMA} Application for Multilingual Terminology Extraction from Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Rocheteau, J{\'e}r{\^o}me  and
      Daille, B{\'e}atrice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Chiang Mai, Thailand",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I11-2003",
    pages = "9--12",
}
@proceedings{ranlp-2011-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    author = "Mitkov, Ruslan  and
      Angelova, Galia",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1000",
}
@inproceedings{sil-yates-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting {STRIPS} Representations of Actions and Events",
    author = "Sil, Avirup  and
      Yates, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1001",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{liao-grishman-2011-acquiring,
    title = "Acquiring Topic Features to improve Event Extraction: in Pre-selected and Balanced Collections",
    author = "Liao, Shasha  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1002",
    pages = "9--16",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-minimally,
    title = "Minimally Supervised Rule Learning for the Extraction of Biographic Information from Various Social Domains",
    author = "Li, Hong  and
      Xu, Feiyu  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1003",
    pages = "17--24",
}
@inproceedings{swampillai-stevenson-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Relations Within and Across Sentences",
    author = "Swampillai, Kumutha  and
      Stevenson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1004",
    pages = "25--32",
}
@inproceedings{guegan-de-loupy-2011-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge-Poor Approach to Shallow Parsing: Contribution of Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Induction",
    author = "Gu{\'e}gan, Marie  and
      de Loupy, Claude",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1005",
    pages = "33--40",
}
@inproceedings{kubler-baucom-2011-fast,
    title = "Fast Domain Adaptation for Part of Speech Tagging for Dialogues",
    author = {K{\"u}bler, Sandra  and
      Baucom, Eric},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1006",
    pages = "41--48",
}
@inproceedings{loftsson-etal-2011-using,
    title = "Using a Morphological Database to Increase the Accuracy in {POS} Tagging",
    author = {Loftsson, Hrafn  and
      Helgad{\'o}ttir, Sigr{\'u}n  and
      R{\"o}gnvaldsson, Eir{\'\i}kur},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1007",
    pages = "49--55",
}
@inproceedings{kubler-etal-2011-actions,
    title = "Actions Speak Louder than Words: Evaluating Parsers in the Context of Natural Language Understanding Systems for Human-Robot Interaction",
    author = {K{\"u}bler, Sandra  and
      Cantrell, Rachael  and
      Scheutz, Matthias},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1008",
    pages = "56--62",
}
@inproceedings{basirat-faili-2011-constructing,
    title = "Constructing Linguistically Motivated Structures from Statistical Grammars",
    author = "Basirat, Ali  and
      Faili, Heshaam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1009",
    pages = "63--69",
}
@inproceedings{virk-etal-2011-open,
    title = "An Open Source {P}unjabi Resource Grammar",
    author = "Virk, Shafqat Mumtaz  and
      Humayoun, Muhammad  and
      Ranta, Aarne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1010",
    pages = "70--76",
}
@inproceedings{lloret-etal-2011-multi,
    title = "Multi-Document Summarization by Capturing the Information Users are Interested in",
    author = "Lloret, Elena  and
      Plaza, Laura  and
      Aker, Ahmet",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1011",
    pages = "77--83",
}
@inproceedings{bayyarapu-2011-efficient,
    title = "Efficient algorithm for Context Sensitive Aggregation in Natural Language generation",
    author = "Bayyarapu, Hemanth Sagar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1012",
    pages = "84--89",
}
@inproceedings{sanchez-cartagena-etal-2011-enriching,
    title = "Enriching a statistical machine translation system trained on small parallel corpora with rule-based bilingual phrases",
    author = "S{\'a}nchez-Cartagena, V{\'\i}ctor M.  and
      S{\'a}nchez-Mart{\'\i}nez, Felipe  and
      P{\'e}rez-Ortiz, Juan Antonio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1013",
    pages = "90--96",
}
@inproceedings{c-m-de-sousa-etal-2011-assessing,
    title = "Assessing the Post-Editing Effort for Automatic and Semi-Automatic Translations of {DVD} Subtitles",
    author = "C. M. de Sousa, Sheila  and
      Aziz, Wilker  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1014",
    pages = "97--103",
}
@inproceedings{steinberger-etal-2011-jrc,
    title = "{JRC}-{NAMES}: A Freely Available, Highly Multilingual Named Entity Resource",
    author = "Steinberger, Ralf  and
      Pouliquen, Bruno  and
      Kabadjov, Mijail  and
      Belyaeva, Jenya  and
      van der Goot, Erik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1015",
    pages = "104--110",
}
@inproceedings{wettig-etal-2011-mdl,
    title = "{MDL}-based Models for Alignment of Etymological Data",
    author = "Wettig, Hannes  and
      Hiltunen, Suvi  and
      Yangarber, Roman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1016",
    pages = "111--117",
}
@inproceedings{ehrmann-etal-2011-building,
    title = "Building a Multilingual Named Entity-Annotated Corpus Using Annotation Projection",
    author = "Ehrmann, Maud  and
      Turchi, Marco  and
      Steinberger, Ralf",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1017",
    pages = "118--124",
}
@inproceedings{fiser-ljubesic-2011-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual lexicon extraction from comparable corpora for closely related languages",
    author = "Fi{\v{s}}er, Darja  and
      Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1018",
    pages = "125--131",
}
@inproceedings{sokolova-bobicev-2011-sentiments,
    title = "Sentiments and Opinions in Health-related Web messages",
    author = "Sokolova, Marina  and
      Bobicev, Victoria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1019",
    pages = "132--139",
}
@inproceedings{rooney-etal-2011-exploration,
    title = "An Exploration into the Use of Contextual Document Clustering for Cluster Sentiment Analysis",
    author = {Rooney, Niall  and
      Wang, Hui  and
      Browne, Fiona  and
      Monaghan, Fergal  and
      M{\"u}ller, Jann  and
      Sergeant, Alan  and
      Lin, Zhiwei  and
      Taylor, Philip  and
      Dobrynin, Vladimir},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1020",
    pages = "140--145",
}
@inproceedings{huang-chen-2011-pause,
    title = "Pause and Stop Labeling for {C}hinese Sentence Boundary Detection",
    author = "Huang, Hen-Hsen  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1021",
    pages = "146--153",
}
@inproceedings{versley-2011-multilabel,
    title = "Multilabel Tagging of Discourse Relations in Ambiguous Temporal Connectives",
    author = "Versley, Yannick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1022",
    pages = "154--161",
}
@inproceedings{nagy-t-etal-2011-noun,
    title = "Noun Compound and Named Entity Recognition and their Usability in Keyphrase Extraction",
    author = "Nagy T., Istv{\'a}n  and
      Berend, G{\'a}bor  and
      Vincze, Veronika",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1023",
    pages = "162--169",
}
@inproceedings{iwakura-2011-named,
    title = "A Named Entity Recognition Method using Rules Acquired from Unlabeled Data",
    author = "Iwakura, Tomoya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1024",
    pages = "170--177",
}
@inproceedings{klenner-tuggener-2011-incremental,
    title = "An Incremental Entity-Mention Model for Coreference Resolution with Restrictive Antecedent Accessibility",
    author = "Klenner, Manfred  and
      Tuggener, Don",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1025",
    pages = "178--185",
}
@inproceedings{de-clercq-etal-2011-cross,
    title = "Cross-Domain {D}utch Coreference Resolution",
    author = "De Clercq, Orph{\'e}e  and
      Hoste, V{\'e}ronique  and
      Hendrickx, Iris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1026",
    pages = "186--193",
}
@inproceedings{lloret-palomar-2011-finding,
    title = "Finding the Best Approach for Multi-lingual Text Summarisation: A Comparative Analysis",
    author = "Lloret, Elena  and
      Palomar, Manuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1027",
    pages = "194--201",
}
@inproceedings{stoyanov-cardie-2011-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Creating General-Purpose Opinion Summaries from Text",
    author = "Stoyanov, Veselin  and
      Cardie, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1028",
    pages = "202--209",
}
@inproceedings{piskorski-etal-2011-exploring,
    title = "Exploring the Usefulness of Cross-lingual Information Fusion for Refining Real-time News Event Extraction: A Preliminary Study",
    author = "Piskorski, Jakub  and
      Belayeva, Jenya  and
      Atkinson, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1029",
    pages = "210--217",
}
@inproceedings{mirroshandel-ghassem-sani-2011-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Relation Extraction Using Expectation Maximization",
    author = "Mirroshandel, Seyed Abolghasem  and
      Ghassem-Sani, Gholamreza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1030",
    pages = "218--225",
}
@inproceedings{aziz-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving Chunk-based Semantic Role Labeling with Lexical Features",
    author = "Aziz, Wilker  and
      Rios, Miguel  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1031",
    pages = "226--232",
}
@inproceedings{gutierrez-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving {WSD} using {ISR}-{WN} with Relevant Semantic Trees and {S}em{C}or Senses Frequency",
    author = "Guti{\'e}rrez, Yoan  and
      V{\'a}zquez, Sonia  and
      Montoyo, Andr{\'e}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1032",
    pages = "233--239",
}
@inproceedings{micol-etal-2011-investigating,
    title = "Investigating Advanced Techniques for Document Content Similarity Applied to External Plagiarism Analysis",
    author = "Micol, Daniel  and
      Mu{\~n}oz, Rafael  and
      Ferr{\'a}ndez, {\'O}scar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1033",
    pages = "240--246",
}
@inproceedings{navlea-todirascu-2011-using,
    title = "Using Cognates in a {F}rench-{R}omanian Lexical Alignment System: A Comparative Study",
    author = "Navlea, Mirabela  and
      Todira{\c{s}}cu, Amalia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1034",
    pages = "247--253",
}
@inproceedings{steinberger-etal-2011-highly,
    title = "Highly Multilingual Coreference Resolution Exploiting a Mature Entity Repository",
    author = "Steinberger, Josef  and
      Belyaeva, Jenya  and
      Crawley, Jonathan  and
      Della-Rocca, Leonida  and
      Ebrahim, Mohamed  and
      Ehrmann, Maud  and
      Kabadjov, Mijail  and
      Steinberger, Ralf  and
      van der Goot, Erik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1035",
    pages = "254--260",
}
@inproceedings{kubler-zhekova-2011-singletons,
    title = "Singletons and Coreference Resolution Evaluation",
    author = {K{\"u}bler, Sandra  and
      Zhekova, Desislava},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1036",
    pages = "261--267",
}
@inproceedings{mckinlay-markert-2011-modelling,
    title = "Modelling Entity Instantiations",
    author = "McKinlay, Andrew  and
      Markert, Katja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1037",
    pages = "268--274",
}
@inproceedings{ezzat-poibeau-2011-new,
    title = "A New Scheme for Annotating Semantic Relations between Named Entities in Corpora",
    author = "Ezzat, Mani  and
      Poibeau, Thierry",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1038",
    pages = "275--281",
}
@inproceedings{wiegand-klakow-2011-prototypical,
    title = "Prototypical Opinion Holders: What We can Learn from Experts and Analysts",
    author = "Wiegand, Michael  and
      Klakow, Dietrich",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1039",
    pages = "282--288",
}
@inproceedings{vincze-etal-2011-multiword,
    title = "Multiword Expressions and Named Entities in the Wiki50 Corpus",
    author = "Vincze, Veronika  and
      Nagy T., Istv{\'a}n  and
      Berend, G{\'a}bor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1040",
    pages = "289--295",
}
@inproceedings{padro-etal-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards the Automatic Merging of Lexical Resources: Automatic Mapping",
    author = "Padr{\'o}, Muntsa  and
      Bel, N{\'u}ria  and
      Necsulescu, Silvia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1041",
    pages = "296--301",
}
@inproceedings{montazery-faili-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Learning for {P}ersian {W}ord{N}et Construction",
    author = "Montazery, Mortaza  and
      Faili, Heshaam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1042",
    pages = "302--308",
}
@inproceedings{menon-choi-2011-domain,
    title = "Domain Independent Authorship Attribution without Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Menon, Rohith  and
      Choi, Yejin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1043",
    pages = "309--315",
}
@inproceedings{miquel-ribe-rodriguez-2011-cultural,
    title = "Cultural Configuration of {W}ikipedia: measuring Autoreferentiality in Different Languages",
    author = "Miquel Rib{\'e}, Marc  and
      Rodr{\'\i}guez, Horacio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1044",
    pages = "316--322",
}
@inproceedings{nakov-kozareva-2011-combining,
    title = "Combining Relational and Attributional Similarity for Semantic Relation Classification",
    author = "Nakov, Preslav  and
      Kozareva, Zornitsa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1045",
    pages = "323--330",
}
@inproceedings{ruppenhofer-etal-2011-search,
    title = "In Search of Missing Arguments: A Linguistic Approach",
    author = "Ruppenhofer, Josef  and
      Gorinski, Philip  and
      Sporleder, Caroline",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1046",
    pages = "331--338",
}
@inproceedings{espla-gomis-etal-2011-enlarging,
    title = "Enlarging Monolingual Dictionaries for Machine Translation with Active Learning and Non-Expert Users",
    author = "Espl{\`a}-Gomis, Miquel  and
      S{\'a}nchez-Cartagena, V{\'\i}ctor M.  and
      P{\'e}rez-Ortiz, Juan Antonio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1047",
    pages = "339--346",
}
@inproceedings{claveau-kijak-2011-morphological,
    title = "Morphological Analysis of Biomedical Terminology with Analogy-Based Alignment",
    author = "Claveau, Vincent  and
      Kijak, Ewa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1048",
    pages = "347--354",
}
@inproceedings{cholakov-etal-2011-adaptability,
    title = "Adaptability of Lexical Acquisition for Large-scale Grammars",
    author = "Cholakov, Kostadin  and
      van Noord, Gertjan  and
      Kordoni, Valia  and
      Zhang, Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1049",
    pages = "355--362",
}
@inproceedings{sigogne-etal-2011-integration,
    title = "Integration of Data from a Syntactic Lexicon into Generative and Discriminative Probabilistic Parsers",
    author = "Sigogne, Anthony  and
      Constant, Matthieu  and
      Laporte, {\'E}ric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1050",
    pages = "363--370",
}
@inproceedings{turchi-etal-2011-pattern,
    title = "Pattern Learning for Event Extraction using Monolingual Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Turchi, Marco  and
      Zavarella, Vanni  and
      Tanev, Hristo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1051",
    pages = "371--377",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-meta,
    title = "{META}-{DARE}: Monitoring the Minimally Supervised {ML} of Relation Extraction Rules",
    author = "Li, Hong  and
      Xu, Feiyu  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1052",
    pages = "378--384",
}
@inproceedings{nabende-2011-mining,
    title = "Mining Transliterations from {W}ikipedia using Dynamic {B}ayesian Networks",
    author = "Nabende, Peter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1053",
    pages = "385--391",
}
@inproceedings{brun-2011-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Opinions Using Deep Syntactic Analysis",
    author = "Brun, Caroline",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1054",
    pages = "392--398",
}
@inproceedings{bergsma-goebel-2011-using,
    title = "Using Visual Information to Predict Lexical Preference",
    author = "Bergsma, Shane  and
      Goebel, Randy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1055",
    pages = "399--405",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2011-systematic,
    title = "Systematic Knowledge Acquisition for Question Analysis",
    author = "Nguyen, Dat Quoc  and
      Nguyen, Dai Quoc  and
      Pham, Son Bao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1056",
    pages = "406--412",
}
@inproceedings{dima-hinrichs-2011-semi,
    title = "A Semi-Automatic, Iterative Method for Creating a Domain-Specific Treebank",
    author = "Dima, Corina  and
      Hinrichs, Erhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1057",
    pages = "413--419",
}
@inproceedings{henrich-hinrichs-2011-determining,
    title = "Determining Immediate Constituents of Compounds in {G}erma{N}et",
    author = "Henrich, Verena  and
      Hinrichs, Erhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1058",
    pages = "420--426",
}
@inproceedings{cocco-etal-2011-segmentation,
    title = "Segmentation and Clustering of Textual Sequences: a Typological Approach",
    author = {Cocco, Christelle  and
      Pittier, Rapha{\"e}l  and
      Bavaud, Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Xanthos, Aris},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1059",
    pages = "427--433",
}
@inproceedings{drury-etal-2011-contextual,
    title = "A Contextual Classification Strategy for Polarity Analysis of Direct Quotations from Financial News",
    author = {Drury, Brett  and
      Dias, Ga{\"e}l  and
      Torgo, Lu{\'\i}s},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1060",
    pages = "434--440",
}
@inproceedings{francois-watrin-2011-contribution,
    title = "On the Contribution of {MWE}-based Features to a Readability Formula for {F}rench as a Foreign Language",
    author = "Fran{\c{c}}ois, Thomas  and
      Watrin, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1061",
    pages = "441--447",
}
@inproceedings{ramsay-mansour-2011-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Hidden Morphophonemic Constraints for Finding the Underlying Forms of {`}weak{'} {A}rabic Verbs",
    author = "Ramsay, Allan  and
      Mansour, Hanady",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1062",
    pages = "448--454",
}
@inproceedings{stern-dagan-2011-confidence,
    title = "A Confidence Model for Syntactically-Motivated Entailment Proofs",
    author = "Stern, Asher  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1063",
    pages = "455--462",
}
@inproceedings{regneri-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning Script Participants from Unlabeled Data",
    author = "Regneri, Michaela  and
      Koller, Alexander  and
      Ruppenhofer, Josef  and
      Pinkal, Manfred",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1064",
    pages = "463--470",
}
@inproceedings{simov-osenova-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards Minimal Recursion Semantics over {B}ulgarian Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Simov, Kiril  and
      Osenova, Petya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1065",
    pages = "471--478",
}
@inproceedings{mithun-kosseim-2011-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Structures to Reduce Discourse Incoherence in Blog Summarization",
    author = "Mithun, Shamima  and
      Kosseim, Leila",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1066",
    pages = "479--486",
}
@inproceedings{goller-2011-parallel,
    title = "Parallel Suffix Arrays for Linguistic Pattern Search",
    author = "Goller, Johannes",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1067",
    pages = "487--494",
}
@inproceedings{dinu-2011-mechanism,
    title = "A Mechanism to Restrict the Scope of Clause-Bounded Quantifiers in {`}Continuation{'} Semantics",
    author = "Dinu, Anca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1068",
    pages = "495--502",
}
@inproceedings{kotlerman-etal-2011-support,
    title = "A Support Tool for Deriving Domain Taxonomies from {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Kotlerman, Lili  and
      Avital, Zemer  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Lotan, Amnon  and
      Weintraub, Ofer",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1069",
    pages = "503--508",
}
@inproceedings{alicante-corazza-2011-barrier,
    title = "Barrier Features for Classification of Semantic Relations",
    author = "Alicante, Anita  and
      Corazza, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1070",
    pages = "509--514",
}
@inproceedings{bar-etal-2011-reflective,
    title = "A Reflective View on Text Similarity",
    author = {B{\"a}r, Daniel  and
      Zesch, Torsten  and
      Gurevych, Iryna},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1071",
    pages = "515--520",
}
@inproceedings{boldrini-etal-2011-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating the Robustness of {E}moti{B}log for Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining",
    author = "Boldrini, Ester  and
      Fern{\'a}ndez, Javi  and
      G{\'o}mez, Jos{\'e} Manuel  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez-Barco, Patricio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1072",
    pages = "521--526",
}
@inproceedings{bru-etal-2011-hybrid,
    title = "Hybrid System For Plagiarism Detection",
    author = "Bru, Javier R.  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez-Barco, Patricio  and
      Mu{\~n}oz, Rafael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1073",
    pages = "527--532",
}
@inproceedings{caselli-etal-2011-data,
    title = "Data-Driven Approach Using Semantics for Recognizing and Classifying {T}ime{ML} Events in {I}talian",
    author = "Caselli, Tommaso  and
      Llorens, Hector  and
      Navarro-Colorado, Borja  and
      Saquete, Estela",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1074",
    pages = "533--538",
}
@inproceedings{dinu-etal-2011-alternations,
    title = "Can Alternations Be Learned? A Machine Learning Approach To {R}omanian Verb Conjugation",
    author = "Dinu, Liviu P.  and
      Ionescu, Emil  and
      Niculae, Vlad  and
      {\c{S}}ulea, Octavia-Maria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1075",
    pages = "539--544",
}
@inproceedings{fehri-etal-2011-new,
    title = "A New Representation Model for the Automatic Recognition and Translation of {A}rabic Named Entities with {N}oo{J}",
    author = "Fehri, H{\'e}la  and
      Haddar, Kais  and
      Ben hamadou, Abdelmajid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1076",
    pages = "545--550",
}
@inproceedings{gavrila-vertan-2011-training,
    title = "Training Data in Statistical Machine Translation - the More, the Better?",
    author = "Gavrila, Monica  and
      Vertan, Cristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1077",
    pages = "551--556",
}
@inproceedings{gotsoulia-dendrinos-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards a Corpus-based Approach to Modelling Language Production of Foreign Language Learners in Communicative Contexts",
    author = "Gotsoulia, Voula  and
      Dendrinos, Bessie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1078",
    pages = "557--561",
}
@inproceedings{homola-2011-parsing,
    title = "Parsing a Polysynthetic Language",
    author = "Homola, Petr",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1079",
    pages = "562--567",
}
@inproceedings{huang-haralick-2011-algorithm,
    title = "An algorithm of Identifying Semantic Arguments of a Verb From Structured Data",
    author = "Huang, Minhua  and
      Haralick, Robert M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1080",
    pages = "568--573",
}
@inproceedings{zalila-haddar-2011-construction,
    title = "Construction of an {HPSG} Grammar for the {A}rabic Relative Sentences",
    author = "Zalila, Ines  and
      Haddar, Kais",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1081",
    pages = "574--579",
}
@inproceedings{klinger-2011-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Selected Skip Edges in Conditional Random Fields for Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Klinger, Roman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1082",
    pages = "580--585",
}
@inproceedings{komiya-etal-2011-negation,
    title = "Negation Naive {B}ayes for Categorization of Product Pages on the Web",
    author = "Komiya, Kanako  and
      Sato, Naoto  and
      Fujimoto, Koji  and
      Kotani, Yoshiyuki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1083",
    pages = "586--591",
}
@inproceedings{kolya-etal-2011-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Approach for Event Extraction and Event Actor Identification",
    author = "Kolya, Anup Kumar  and
      Ekbal, Asif  and
      Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1084",
    pages = "592--597",
}
@inproceedings{liao-etal-2011-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Human Correction Quality for Machine Translation from Crowdsourcing",
    author = "Liao, Shasha  and
      Wu, Cheng  and
      Huerta, Juan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1085",
    pages = "598--603",
}
@inproceedings{minard-etal-2011-multi,
    title = "Multi-class {SVM} for Relation Extraction from Clinical Reports",
    author = "Minard, Anne-Lyse  and
      Ligozat, Anne-Laure  and
      Grau, Brigitte",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1086",
    pages = "604--609",
}
@inproceedings{mukerjee-etal-2011-discovering,
    title = "Discovering coreference using image-grounded verb models",
    author = "Mukerjee, Amitabha  and
      Neema, Kruti  and
      Nayak, Sushobhan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1087",
    pages = "610--615",
}
@inproceedings{mukerjee-joshi-2011-word,
    title = "Word and Phrase Learning based on Prior Semantics",
    author = "Mukerjee, Amitabha  and
      Joshi, Nikhil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1088",
    pages = "616--621",
}
@inproceedings{nagy-t-etal-2011-domain,
    title = "Domain-Dependent Identification of Multiword Expressions",
    author = "Nagy T., Istv{\'a}n  and
      Vincze, Veronika  and
      Berend, G{\'a}bor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1089",
    pages = "622--627",
}
@inproceedings{palmer-etal-2011-robust,
    title = "Robust Semantic Analysis for Unseen Data in {F}rame{N}et",
    author = "Palmer, Alexis  and
      Alishahi, Afra  and
      Sporleder, Caroline",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1090",
    pages = "628--633",
}
@inproceedings{popescu-2011-studying,
    title = "Studying Translationese at the Character Level",
    author = "Popescu, Marius",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1091",
    pages = "634--639",
}
@inproceedings{saers-wu-2011-linear,
    title = "Linear Transduction Grammars and Zipper Finite-State Transducers",
    author = "Saers, Markus  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1092",
    pages = "640--647",
}
@inproceedings{scaiano-inkpen-2011-finding,
    title = "Finding Negative Key Phrases for {I}nternet Advertising Campaigns using {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Scaiano, Martin  and
      Inkpen, Diana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1093",
    pages = "648--653",
}
@inproceedings{temnikova-2011-establishing,
    title = "Establishing Implementation Priorities in Aiding Writers of Controlled Crisis Management Texts",
    author = "Temnikova, Irina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1094",
    pages = "654--659",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-techwatchtool,
    title = "{T}ech{W}atch{T}ool: Innovation and Trend Monitoring",
    author = "Li, Hong  and
      Xu, Feiyu  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1095",
    pages = "660--665",
}
@inproceedings{abdul-mageed-etal-2011-yes,
    title = "{``}Yes we can?{''}: Subjectivity Annotation and Tagging for the Health Domain",
    author = "Abdul-Mageed, Muhammad  and
      Korayem, Mohammed  and
      YoussefAgha, Ahmed",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1096",
    pages = "666--671",
}
@inproceedings{barbu-mititelu-2011-wordnets,
    title = "{W}ordnets: State of the Art and Perspectives. Case Study: the {R}omanian {W}ordnet",
    author = "Barbu Mititelu, Verginica",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1097",
    pages = "672--677",
}
@inproceedings{boian-etal-2011-creation,
    title = "Creation and Development of the {R}omanian Lexical Resources",
    author = "Boian, Elena  and
      Ciubotaru, Constantin  and
      Cojocaru, Svetlana  and
      Colesnicov, Alexandru  and
      Malahov, Ludmila  and
      Petic, Mircea",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1098",
    pages = "678--685",
}
@inproceedings{boukedi-haddar-2011-analyses,
    title = "Analyses Tools for Non-head Structures",
    author = "Bouk{\'e}di, Sirine  and
      Haddar, Kais",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1099",
    pages = "686--691",
}
@inproceedings{burkovski-heidemann-2011-visualization,
    title = "Visualization for Coreference Annotation",
    author = "Burkovski, Andre  and
      Heidemann, Gunther",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1100",
    pages = "692--697",
}
@inproceedings{da-cunha-etal-2011-rst,
    title = "The {RST} {S}panish Treebank On-line Interface",
    author = "da Cunha, Iria  and
      Torres-Moreno, Juan-Manuel  and
      Sierra, Gerardo  and
      Cabrera-Diego, Luis-Adri{\'a}n  and
      Castro-Rol{\'o}n, Brenda-Gabriela  and
      Rolland Bartilotti, Juan-Miguel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1101",
    pages = "698--703",
}
@inproceedings{chong-specia-2011-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Generalisation for Word-level Matching in Plagiarism Detection",
    author = "Chong, Miranda  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1102",
    pages = "704--709",
}
@inproceedings{dobrov-loukachevitch-2011-multiple,
    title = "Multiple Evidence for Term Extraction in Broad Domains",
    author = "Dobrov, Boris  and
      Loukachevitch, Natalia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1103",
    pages = "710--715",
}
@inproceedings{foucault-etal-2011-language,
    title = "Language Modeling for Document Selection in Question Answering",
    author = "Foucault, Nicolas  and
      Adda, Gilles  and
      Rosset, Sophie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1104",
    pages = "716--720",
}
@inproceedings{garcia-gamallo-2011-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Various Linguistic Features on Semantic Relation Extraction",
    author = "Garcia, Marcos  and
      Gamallo, Pablo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1105",
    pages = "721--726",
}
@inproceedings{lopez-etal-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic titling of Articles Using Position and Statistical Information",
    author = "Lopez, C{\'e}dric  and
      Prince, Violaine  and
      Roche, Mathieu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1106",
    pages = "727--732",
}
@inproceedings{petasis-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Domain Adaptation based on Text Relatedness",
    author = "Petasis, Georgios",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1107",
    pages = "733--739",
}
@inproceedings{rushdi-saleh-etal-2011-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Experiments with an {A}rabic-{E}nglish Corpus for Opinion Mining",
    author = "Rushdi-Saleh, Mohammed  and
      Mart{\'\i}n-Valdivia, M. Teresa  and
      Ure{\~n}a-L{\'o}pez, L. Alfonso  and
      Perea-Ortega, Jos{\'e} M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1108",
    pages = "740--745",
}
@inproceedings{da-silva-conrado-etal-2011-experiments,
    title = "Experiments on Term Extraction using Noun Phrase Subclassifications",
    author = "da Silva Conrado, Merley  and
      Koza, Walter  and
      D{\'\i}az-Labrador, Josuka  and
      Abaitua, Joseba  and
      Oliveira Rezende, Solange  and
      Pardo, Thiago  and
      Solana, Zulema",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1109",
    pages = "746--751",
}
@inproceedings{shaalan-magdy-2011-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Feedback Message Generation for Second Language Learners of {A}rabic",
    author = "Shaalan, Khaled  and
      Magdy, Marwa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1110",
    pages = "752--757",
}
@inproceedings{sokolova-schramm-2011-building,
    title = "Building a Patient-based Ontology for User-written Web Messages",
    author = "Sokolova, Marina  and
      Schramm, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1111",
    pages = "758--763",
}
@inproceedings{soraluze-etal-2011-recognition,
    title = "Recognition and Classification of Numerical Entities in Basque",
    author = "Soraluze, Ander  and
      Alegria, I{\~n}aki  and
      Ansa, Olatz  and
      Arregi, Olatz  and
      Arregi, Xabier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1112",
    pages = "764--769",
}
@inproceedings{steinberger-etal-2011-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Entity-Centered Sentiment Analysis Evaluated by Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Steinberger, Josef  and
      Lenkova, Polina  and
      Kabadjov, Mijail  and
      Steinberger, Ralf  and
      van der Goot, Erik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1113",
    pages = "770--775",
}
@inproceedings{ulanov-simanovsky-2011-term,
    title = "Term Validation for Vocabulary Construction and Key Term Extraction",
    author = "Ulanov, Alexander  and
      Simanovsky, Andrey",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1114",
    pages = "776--780",
}
@inproceedings{zidrasco-etal-2011-agreement,
    title = "{A}greement: How to Reach it? Defining Language Features Leading to {A}greement in Discourse",
    author = "Zidra{\c{s}}co, Tatiana  and
      Bobicev, Victoria  and
      Shiramatsu, Shun  and
      Ozono, Tadachika  and
      Shintani, Toramatsu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-1115",
    pages = "781--786",
}
@proceedings{ranlp-2011-student,
    title = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    author = "Temnikova, Irina  and
      Nikolova, Ivelina  and
      Konstantinova, Natalia",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2000",
}
@inproceedings{nagy-etal-2011-domain,
    title = "Domain-Dependent Detection of Light Verb Constructions",
    author = {Nagy, Istv{\'a}n T.  and
      Berend, G{\'a}bor  and
      M{\'o}ra, Gy{\"o}rgy  and
      Vincze, Veronika},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2001",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{arnulphy-2011-weighted,
    title = "A Weighted Lexicon of {F}rench Event Names",
    author = "Arnulphy, B{\'e}atrice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2002",
    pages = "9--16",
}
@inproceedings{stajner-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards a Better Exploitation of the Brown {`}Family{'} Corpora in Diachronic Studies of {B}ritish and {A}merican {E}nglish Language Varieties",
    author = "{\v{S}}tajner, Sanja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2003",
    pages = "17--24",
}
@inproceedings{khan-etal-2011-projecting,
    title = "Projecting {F}arsi {POS} Data To Tag {P}ashto",
    author = "Khan, Mohammad  and
      Baucom, Eric  and
      Meyer, Anthony  and
      Moe, Lwin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2004",
    pages = "25--32",
}
@inproceedings{kaeshammer-wetzel-2011-enriching,
    title = "Enriching Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation with {POS} Information",
    author = "Kaeshammer, Miriam  and
      Wetzel, Dominikus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2005",
    pages = "33--40",
}
@inproceedings{berend-etal-2011-inter,
    title = "Inter-domain Opinion Phrase Extraction Based on Feature Augmentation",
    author = {Berend, G{\'a}bor  and
      Nagy, Istv{\'a}n T.  and
      M{\'o}ra, Gy{\"o}rgy  and
      Vincze, Veronika},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2006",
    pages = "41--47",
}
@inproceedings{alabbas-2011-arbte,
    title = "{A}rb{TE}: {A}rabic Textual Entailment",
    author = "Alabbas, Maytham",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2007",
    pages = "48--53",
}
@inproceedings{duma-2011-rdfa,
    title = "{RDF}a Editor for Ontological Annotation",
    author = "Duma, Melania",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2008",
    pages = "54--59",
}
@inproceedings{ebadat-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Protein-Protein Interactions with Language Modelling",
    author = "Ebadat, Ali Reza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2009",
    pages = "60--66",
}
@inproceedings{gavrila-elita-2011-experiments,
    title = "Experiments with Small-size Corpora in {CBMT}",
    author = "Gavrila, Monica  and
      Elita, Natalia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2010",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@inproceedings{gayo-2011-question,
    title = "Question Parsing for {QA} in {S}panish",
    author = "Gayo, Iria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2011",
    pages = "73--78",
}
@inproceedings{hough-2011-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Semantics Driven Natural Language Generation with Self-Repairing Capability",
    author = "Hough, Julian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2012",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{hromada-2011-initial,
    title = "Initial Experiments with Multilingual Extraction of Rhetoric Figures by means of {PERL}-compatible Regular Expressions",
    author = "Hromada, Daniel Devatman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2013",
    pages = "85--90",
}
@inproceedings{de-oliveira-etal-2011-three,
    title = "Is Three the Optimal Context Window for Memory-Based Word Sense Disambiguation?",
    author = "de Oliveira, Rodrigo  and
      Hausmann, Lucas  and
      Zhekova, Desislava",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2014",
    pages = "91--96",
}
@inproceedings{karagiozov-2011-heterogeneous,
    title = "Heterogeneous Natural Language Processing Tools via Language Processing Chains",
    author = "Karagiozov, Diman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2015",
    pages = "97--102",
}
@inproceedings{klaussner-zhekova-2011-pattern,
    title = "Pattern-Based Ontology Construction from Selected {W}ikipedia Pages",
    author = "Klaussner, Carmen  and
      Zhekova, Desislava",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2016",
    pages = "103--108",
}
@inproceedings{klaussner-zhekova-2011-lexico,
    title = "Lexico-Syntactic Patterns for Automatic Ontology Building",
    author = "Klaussner, Carmen  and
      Zhekova, Desislava",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2017",
    pages = "109--114",
}
@inproceedings{nayak-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards a Grounded Model for Ontological Metaphors",
    author = "Nayak, Sushobhan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2018",
    pages = "115--120",
}
@inproceedings{necsulescu-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Acquisition of Possible Contexts for Low-Frequent Words",
    author = "Necsulescu, Silvia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2019",
    pages = "121--126",
}
@inproceedings{s-rabiee-2011-adapting,
    title = "Adapting Standard Open-Source Resources To Tagging A Morphologically Rich Language: A Case Study With {A}rabic",
    author = "S. Rabiee, Hajder",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2020",
    pages = "127--132",
}
@inproceedings{rudnick-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards Cross-Language Word Sense Disambiguation for {Q}uechua",
    author = "Rudnick, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2021",
    pages = "133--138",
}
@inproceedings{konstantinova-c-m-de-sousa-2011-annotating,
    title = "Annotating Negation and Speculation: the Case of the Review Domain",
    author = "Konstantinova, Natalia  and
      C. M. de Sousa, Sheila",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2022",
    pages = "139--144",
}
@inproceedings{zecevic-2011-n,
    title = "N-gram Based Text Classification According To Authorship",
    author = "Ze{\v{c}}evi{\'c}, An{\dj}elka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2023",
    pages = "145--149",
}
@inproceedings{zhekova-2011-instance,
    title = "Instance Sampling for Multilingual Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Zhekova, Desislava",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2011",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R11-2024",
    pages = "150--155",
}
@article{cl-1998-linguistics,
    title = "Computational Linguistics, Volume 24, Number 1, March 1998 - Special Issue on Word Sense Disambiguation",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1000",
}
@article{ide-veronis-1998-introduction,
    title = "Introduction to the Special Issue on Word Sense Disambiguation: The State of the Art",
    author = "Ide, Nancy  and
      V{\'e}ronis, Jean",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1001",
    pages = "1--40",
}
@article{karov-edelman-1998-similarity,
    title = "Similarity-based Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Karov, Yael  and
      Edelman, Shimon",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1002",
    pages = "41--59",
}
@article{chen-chang-1998-topical,
    title = "Topical Clustering of {MRD} Senses Based on Information Retrieval Techniques",
    author = "Chen, Jen Nan  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1003",
    pages = "61--95",
}
@article{schutze-1998-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Word Sense Discrimination",
    author = {Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1004",
    pages = "97--123",
}
@article{towell-voorhees-1998-disambiguating,
    title = "Disambiguating Highly Ambiguous Words",
    author = "Towell, Geoffrey  and
      Voorhees, Ellen M.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1005",
    pages = "125--145",
}
@article{leacock-etal-1998-using,
    title = "Using Corpus Statistics and {W}ord{N}et Relations for Sense Identification",
    author = "Leacock, Claudia  and
      Chodorow, Martin  and
      Miller, George A.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1006",
    pages = "147--165",
}
@article{satta-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Parsing with Principles and Classes of Information",
    author = "Satta, Giorgio",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1007",
}
@article{sampson-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: From Grammar to Science: New Foundations for General Linguistics",
    author = "Sampson, Geoffrey",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1008",
}
@article{creaney-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Surface Structure and Interpretation",
    author = "Creaney, Norman",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1009",
}
@article{nn-1998-publications,
    title = "Publications Received",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1010",
}
@article{nn-1998-advertisements,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "1",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-1011",
}
@article{cl-1998-linguistics-24,
    title = "Computational Linguistics, Volume 24, Number 2, June 1998",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2000",
}
@article{poesio-vieira-1998-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus-based Investigation of Definite Description Use",
    author = "Poesio, Massimo  and
      Vieira, Renata",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2001",
    pages = "183--216",
}
@article{li-abe-1998-generalizing,
    title = "Generalizing Case Frames Using a Thesaurus and the {MDL} Principle",
    author = "Li, Hang  and
      Abe, Naoki",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2002",
    pages = "217--244",
}
@article{marcus-etal-1998-contextual,
    title = "Contextual Grammars as Generative Models of Natural Language",
    author = "Marcus, Solomon  and
      Mart{\'\i}n-Vide, Carlos  and
      P{\u{a}}un, Gheorghe",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2003",
    pages = "245--274",
}
@article{caraballo-charniak-1998-new,
    title = "New Figures of Merit for Best-First Probabilistic Chart Parsing",
    author = "Caraballo, Sharon A.  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2004",
    pages = "275--298",
}
@article{chi-geman-1998-estimation,
    title = "Estimation of Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars",
    author = "Chi, Zhiyi  and
      Geman, Stuart",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2005",
    pages = "299--305",
}
@article{frank-satta-1998-optimality,
    title = "Optimality Theory and the Generative Complexity of Constraint Violability",
    author = "Frank, Robert  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2006",
    pages = "307--315",
}
@article{bruce-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Corpus-Based Methods in Language and Speech Processing",
    author = "Bruce, Rebecca",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2007",
}
@article{ide-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Text Databases: One Database Model and Several Retrieval Languages",
    author = "Ide, Nancy",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2008",
}
@article{fitzpatrick-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: An Introduction to Text-to-Speech Synthesis",
    author = "Fitzpatrick, Eileen",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2009",
}
@article{honeycutt-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Linguistic Concepts and Methods in {CSCW}",
    author = "Honeycutt, Lee",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2010",
}
@article{kehter-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Computational and Conversational Discourse: Burning Issues-An Interdisciplinary Account",
    author = "Kehter, Andrew",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2011",
}
@article{kirk-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Corpus Linguistics",
    author = "Kirk, John M.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2012",
}
@article{walter-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Evaluating Natural Language Processing Systems: An Analysis and Review",
    author = "Walter, Sharon M.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2013",
}
@article{nn-1998-briefly,
    title = "Briefly Noted",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2014",
}
@article{nn-1998-publications-received,
    title = "Publications Received",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2015",
}
@article{nn-1998-advertisements-2,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-2016",
}
@article{cl-1998-linguistics-24-number,
    title = "Computational-Linguistics, Volume 24, Number 3, September 1998",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3000",
}
@article{dale-etal-1998-introduction,
    title = "Introduction to the Special Issue on Natural Language Generation",
    author = "Dale, Robert  and
      Di Eugenio, Barbara  and
      Scott, Donia",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3001",
    pages = "345--353",
}
@article{chu-carroll-carberry-1998-collaborative,
    title = "Collaborative Response Generation in Planning Dialogues",
    author = "Chu-Carroll, Jennifer  and
      Carberry, Sandra",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3002",
    pages = "355--400",
}
@article{stede-1998-generative,
    title = "A Generative Perspective on Verb Alternations",
    author = "Stede, Manfred",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3003",
    pages = "401--430",
}
@article{mittal-etal-1998-describing,
    title = "Describing Complex Charts in Natural Language: A Caption Generation System",
    author = "Mittal, Vibhu O.  and
      Moore, Johanna D.  and
      Carenini, Giuseppe  and
      Roth, Steven",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3004",
    pages = "431--467",
}
@article{radev-mckeown-1998-generating,
    title = "Generating Natural Language Summaries from Multiple On-Line Sources",
    author = "Radev, Dragomir R.  and
      McKeown, Kathleen R.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3005",
    pages = "469--500",
}
@article{oberlander-1998-right,
    title = "Do the Right Thing {\ldots} but Expect the Unexpected",
    author = "Oberlander, Jon",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3006",
    pages = "501--507",
}
@article{williams-1998-book,
    title = "Book Review: Progress in Speech Synthesis",
    author = "Williams, Briony",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3007",
}
@article{van-santen-1998-book,
    title = "Book Review: Handbook of Standards and Resources for Spoken Language Systems",
    author = "van Santen, Jan P. H.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3008",
}
@article{eynde-1998-book,
    title = "Book Review: Machine Translation and Translation Theory",
    author = "Eynde, Frank Van",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3009",
}
@article{luckin-1998-book,
    title = "Book Review: Vygotsky and Cognitive Science: Language and the Unification of the Social and Computational Mind",
    author = "Luckin, Rosemary",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3010",
}
@article{nn-1998-advertisements-3,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "3",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-3011",
}
@article{cl-1998-linguistics-24-number-4,
    title = "Computational Linguistics, Volume 24, Number 4, {D}ecember 1998",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4000",
}
@article{lochbaum-1998-collaborative,
    title = "A Collaborative Planning Model of Intentional Structure",
    author = "Lochbaum, Karen E.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4001",
    pages = "525--572",
}
@article{fujii-etal-1998-selective,
    title = "Selective Sampling for Example-based Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Fujii, Atsushi  and
      Inui, Kentaro  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu  and
      Tanaka, Hozumi",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4002",
    pages = "573--597",
}
@article{knight-graehl-1998-machine,
    title = "Machine Transliteration",
    author = "Knight, Kevin  and
      Graehl, Jonathan",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4003",
    pages = "599--612",
}
@article{johnson-1998-pcfg,
    title = "{PCFG} Models of Linguistic Tree Representations",
    author = "Johnson, Mark",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4004",
    pages = "613--632",
}
@article{yngve-1998-letter,
    title = "Letter to the Editor: Clues from the Depth Hypothesis: A Reply to Geoffrey Sampson{'}s Review",
    author = "Yngve, Victor H.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4005",
}
@article{caccamo-kowaltowski-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Finite-State Language Processing",
    author = "Caccamo, Mario Jose  and
      Kowaltowski, Tomasz",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4006",
}
@article{ter-meulen-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Anaphores temporelles et (in-)coherence",
    author = "ter Meulen, Alice G. B.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4007",
}
@article{sowa-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Language at Work: Analyzing Communication Breakdown in the Workplace to Inform Systems Design",
    author = "Sowa, John F.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4008",
}
@article{stevenson-1998-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: The Architecture of the Language Faculty",
    author = "Stevenson, Suzanne",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4009",
}
@article{oshaughnessy-1998-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Text-to-Speech Synthesis: The Bell Labs Approach",
    author = "O{'}Shaughnessy, Douglas",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4010",
}
@article{nn-1998-briefly-noted,
    title = "Briefly Noted",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4011",
}
@article{nn-1998-publications-received-2,
    title = "Publications Received",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4012",
}
@article{nn-1998-author,
    title = "Author Index: Volume 24",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4013",
}
@article{nn-1998-title,
    title = "Title Index: Volume 24",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4014",
}
@article{nn-1998-advertisements-4,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "4",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J98-4015",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2017-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    author = "Ku, Lun-Wei  and
      Tsao, Yu",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1000",
}
@inproceedings{chang-2017-yi,
    title = "以知識表徵方法建構台語聲調群剖析器 (A Knowledge Representation Method to Implement A {T}aiwanese Tone Group Parser) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Yu-Chu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1001",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{deng-etal-2017-yun,
    title = "運用類神經網路方法之語言端點偵測研究 (A Study on Voice Activation Detection by Using Neural Networks) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Deng, Yu-Chih  and
      Chiang, Chen-Yu  and
      Pan, Chen-Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1002",
    pages = "5--20",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2017-ji,
    title = "基於卷積類神經網路之廣播節目音訊事件偵測系統 (Automatic Audio Event Detection of Broadcast Radio Programs Based on Convolution Neural Networks) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Jhih-wei  and
      Hsu, Wu-Hua  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1003",
    pages = "21--36",
}
@inproceedings{hung-etal-2017-ji,
    title = "基於次頻道遞迴類神經網路之麥克風陣列電視回聲消除系統 (Subband Recurrent Neural Networks-based Microphone Array Television Echo Cancellation) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hung, Wei-Jung  and
      Su, Shih-An  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1004",
    pages = "37--51",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2017-novel,
    title = "A Novel Trajectory-based Spatial-Temporal Spectral Features for Speech Emotion Recognition",
    author = "Chang, Chun-Min  and
      Lin, Wei-Cheng  and
      Lee, Chi-Chun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1005",
    pages = "52--52",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-etal-2017-ying,
    title = "應用興趣點辨識技術從 Web 中挖掘新商家資訊 (Mining {POI}s from Web via {POI} recognition and Relation Verification) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsu, Kuo-Hsin  and
      Chuang, Hsiu-Min  and
      Chou, Chien-Lung  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1006",
    pages = "53--67",
}
@inproceedings{wu-hsieh-2017-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Lavender Tongue from Social Media Texts[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Hsiao-Han  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1007",
    pages = "68--80",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2017-shou,
    title = "手機平台 {APP} 之四縣客語輸入法的研發 (Research and Implementation of Sixian {H}akka Pinyin Input Method for Mobile Cell {APP}) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Feng-Long  and
      Liu, Kuei-Sen  and
      Tseng, Sheng-Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1008",
    pages = "81--100",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2017-duo,
    title = "多樣訊雜比之訓練語料於降噪自動編碼器其語音強化功能之初步研究 (A Preliminary Study of Various {SNR}-level Training Data in the Denoising Auto-encoder ({DAE}) Technique for Speech Enhancement) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lee, Shih-Kuang  and
      Wang, Syu-Siang  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1009",
    pages = "101--113",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2017-ji,
    title = "基於鑑別式自編碼解碼器之錄音回放攻擊偵測系統 (A Replay Spoofing Detection System Based on Discriminative Autoencoders) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lu, Yu-Ding  and
      Lee, Hung-Shin  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1010",
    pages = "114--115",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-etal-2017-tan,
    title = "探究不同領域文件之可讀性分析 (Exploring Readability Analysis on Multi-Domain Texts) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tseng, Hou-Chiang  and
      Sung, Yao-Ting  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1011",
    pages = "116--118",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2017-ji,
    title = "基於i-vector與{PLDA}並使用{GMM}-{HMM}強制對位之自動語者分段標記系統 (Speaker Diarization based on {I}-vector {PLDA} Scoring and using {GMM}-{HMM} Forced Alignment) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Cheng-Jo Ray  and
      Lee, Hung-Shin  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1012",
    pages = "119--135",
}
@inproceedings{chou-etal-2017-amplifying,
    title = "Amplifying a Sense of Emotion toward Drama-Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network for dynamic emotion recognition",
    author = "Chou, Huang-Cheng  and
      Chang, Chun-Min  and
      Liu, Yu-Shuo  and
      Kao, Shiuan-Kai  and
      Lee, Chi-Chun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1013",
    pages = "136--147",
}
@inproceedings{weng-etal-2017-question,
    title = "Question Retrieval with Distributed Representations and Participant Reputation in Community Question Answering",
    author = "Weng, Sam  and
      Wu, Kevin Chun-Kai  and
      Wang, Yu-Chun  and
      Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1014",
    pages = "148--148",
}
@inproceedings{lo-etal-2017-shi,
    title = "使用查詢意向探索與類神經網路於語音文件檢索之研究 (Exploring Query Intent and Neural Network modeling Techniques for Spoken Document Retrieval) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lo, Tien-Hong  and
      Chen, Ying-Wen  and
      Chen, Berlin  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1015",
    pages = "149--151",
}
@inproceedings{tran-phan-2017-toward,
    title = "TOWARD CONTEXTUAL VALENCE SHIFTERS IN VIETNAMESE REVIEWS",
    author = "Tran, Thien Khai  and
      Phan, Tuoi Thi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1016",
    pages = "152--159",
}
@inproceedings{chou-chi-2017-ji,
    title = "基於雙工音高感知模型之神經網路旋律抽取演算法 (The duplex model of pitch perception inspired neural network for melody extraction) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chou, Hsin  and
      Chi, Tai-Shih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1017",
    pages = "160--177",
}
@inproceedings{li-you-etal-2017-gai,
    title = "改進的向量空間可適性濾波器用於聲學回聲消除 (Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using an Improved Vector-Space-Based Adaptive Filtering Algorithm) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Li-You, Jin  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Chien, Ying-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1018",
    pages = "178--182",
}
@inproceedings{chung-etal-2017-ptt,
    title = "{PTT} 網站餐廳美食類別擷取之研究 (A Study of Restaurant Information and Food Type Extraction from {PTT}) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chung, Chih-Yu  and
      Chou, Chien-Lung  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1019",
    pages = "183--196",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-ji,
    title = "基於半監督式學習之廣播節目語音逐字稿自動轉寫系統 (Automatic Transcription of Broadcast Radio Speech Based on Quality Estimation-Guided Semi-Supervised Training) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Sing-Yue  and
      Hsu, Wu-Hua  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1020",
    pages = "197--212",
}
@inproceedings{liao-etal-2017-wan,
    title = "完全基於類神經網路之語音合成系統初步研究 (A Preliminary Study on Fully Neural Network-based Speech Synthesis System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liao, Shu-Han  and
      Chai, Ya-Bo  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1021",
    pages = "213--229",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-etal-2017-ying,
    title = "應用詞向量於語言樣式探勘之研究 (Mining Language Patterns Using Word Embeddings) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Xiao, Xiang  and
      Ye, Shao-Zhen  and
      Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Lai, K.Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1022",
    pages = "230--243",
}
@inproceedings{yoon-kim-2017-multi,
    title = "Multi-Channel Lexicon Integrated {CNN}-{B}i{LSTM} Models for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Yoon, Joosung  and
      Kim, Hyeoncheol",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1023",
    pages = "244--253",
}
@inproceedings{hsiao-etal-2017-using,
    title = "Using Teacher-Student Model For Emotional Speech Recognition[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsiao, Po-Wei  and
      Hsieh, Po-Chen  and
      Chen, Chia-Ping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1024",
    pages = "254--263",
}
@inproceedings{adiban-etal-2017-sut,
    title = "{SUT} System Description for Anti-Spoofing 2017 Challenge",
    author = "Adiban, Mohammad  and
      Sameti, Hossein  and
      Maghsoodi, Noushin  and
      Shahsavari, Sajjad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1025",
    pages = "264--275",
}
@inproceedings{zeinali-etal-2017-sut,
    title = "{SUT} Submission for {NIST} 2016 Speaker Recognition Evaluation: Description and Analysis",
    author = "Zeinali, Hossein  and
      Sameti, Hossein  and
      Maghsoodi, Noushin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1026",
    pages = "276--286",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-yi,
    title = "以語音能量特性發展即時語速偵測裝置-前導型研究 (Real-time monitoring device of phonation speed and volume based on speech energy: A pilot study) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Chi-Te  and
      Lin, Feng-Chuan  and
      Zheng, Wei-Zhung  and
      Fang, Shih-Hau  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Lai, Ying-Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1027",
    pages = "287--294",
}
@inproceedings{chathuranga-etal-2017-opinion,
    title = "Opinion Target Extraction for Student Course Feedback",
    author = "Chathuranga, Janaka  and
      Ediriweera, Shanika  and
      Munasinghe, Pranidhith  and
      Hasantha, Ravindu  and
      Ranathunga, Surangika",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1028",
    pages = "295--307",
}
@inproceedings{jihan-etal-2017-multi,
    title = "Multi-Domain Aspect Extraction Using Support Vector Machines",
    author = "Jihan, Nadheesh  and
      Senarath, Yasas  and
      Tennekoon, Dulanjaya  and
      Wickramarathne, Mithila  and
      Ranathunga, Surangika",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1029",
    pages = "308--322",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-yi-ruan,
    title = "以軟體為基礎建構語音增強系統使用者介面 (Development of a software-based User-Interface of Speech Enhancement System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Tao-Wei  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Lai, Ying-Hui  and
      Hsu, Hsiang-Ping  and
      Wu, Chia-Lung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1030",
    pages = "323--331",
}
@inproceedings{lo-etal-2017-ji,
    title = "基於聽覺感知模型之類神經網路及其在語者識別上之應用 (Two-stage Attentional Auditory Model Inspired Neural Network and Its Application to Speaker Identification) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lo, Yu-Wen  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu  and
      Chi, Tai-Shih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1031",
    pages = "332--353",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2017-xu,
    title = "序列標記與配對方法用於語音辨識錯誤偵測及修正 (On the Use of Sequence Labeling and Matching Methods for {ASR} Error Detection and Correction) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Chia-Hua  and
      Tsai, Chun-I  and
      Hung, Hsiao-Tsung  and
      Kao, Yu-Chen  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2017)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-1032",
    pages = "354--369",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2017-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 1, June 2017",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    month = jun,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-2000",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2017-dang,
    title = "當代非監督式方法之比較於節錄式語音摘要 (An Empirical Comparison of Contemporary Unsupervised Approaches for Extractive Speech Summarization) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Shih, Kai-Wun  and
      Chen, Berlin  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 1, June 2017",
    month = jun,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-2001",
}
@inproceedings{chen-chung-2017-fan,
    title = "反義詞「多」和「少」在數量名結構中的不對稱現象－－以語料庫為本的分析 (The Asymmetric Occurences of \textit{Dou1} and \textit{Shao3} in the [Numeral + Measure Word/Classifier + Noun] Construction: A Corpus-based Analysis) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Wei-Yu  and
      Chung, Siaw-Fong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 1, June 2017",
    month = jun,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-2002",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2017-approach,
    title = "An Approach to Extract Product Features from {C}hinese Consumer Reviews and Establish Product Feature Structure Tree",
    author = "Xu, Xinsheng  and
      Lin, Jing  and
      Xiao, Ying  and
      Yu, Jianzhe",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 1, June 2017",
    month = jun,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-2003",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2017-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 2, {D}ecember 2017-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXIX}",
    author = "Lee, Chi-Chun (Jeremy)  and
      Yang, Cheng-Zen",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-3000",
}
@inproceedings{lee-yang-2017-forewords,
    title = "Forewords",
    author = "Lee, Chi-Chun Jeremy  and
      Yang, Cheng-Zen",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 2, {D}ecember 2017-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXIX}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-3001",
}
@inproceedings{lo-etal-2017-yu,
    title = "語音文件檢索使用類神經網路技術 (On the Use of Neural Network Modeling Techniques for Spoken Document Retrieval) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lo, Tien-Hong  and
      Chen, Ying-Wen  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 2, {D}ecember 2017-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXIX}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-3002",
}
@inproceedings{weng-etal-2017-question-retrieval,
    title = "Question Retrieval with Distributed Representations and Participant Reputation in Community Question Answering",
    author = "Weng, Sam  and
      Wu, Chun-Kai  and
      Wang, Yu-Chun  and
      Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 2, {D}ecember 2017-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXIX}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-3003",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-etal-2017-tan-jiu,
    title = "探究使用基於類神經網路之特徵於文本可讀性分類 (Exploring the Use of Neural Network based Features for Text Readability Classification) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tseng, Hou-Chiang  and
      Chen, Berlin  and
      Sung, Yao-Ting",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 2, {D}ecember 2017-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXIX}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-3004",
}
@inproceedings{li-you-etal-2017-gai-jin,
    title = "改進的向量空間可適性濾波器用於聲學回聲消除 (Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using an Improved Vector-Space-Based Adaptive Filtering Algorithm) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Li-You, Jin  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Chien, Ying-Ren",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 2, {D}ecember 2017-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXIX}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-3005",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2017-ji,
    title = "基於鑑別式自編碼解碼器之錄音回放攻擊偵測系統 (A Replay Spoofing Detection System Based on Discriminative Autoencoders) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Chia-Lung  and
      Hsu, Hsiang-Ping  and
      Lu, Yu-Ding  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Lee, Hung-Shin  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 2, {D}ecember 2017-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXIX}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-3006",
}
@inproceedings{chang-2017-yi-zhi,
    title = "以知識表徵方法建構台語聲調群剖析器 (A Knowledge Representation Method to Implement A {T}aiwanese Tone Group Parser) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Yu-Chu",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 2, {D}ecember 2017-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXIX}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-3007",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2017-novel-trajectory,
    title = "A Novel Trajectory-based Spatial-Temporal Spectral Features for Speech Emotion Recognition",
    author = "Chang, Chun-Min  and
      Lin, Wei-Cheng  and
      Lee, Chi-Chun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 22, Number 2, {D}ecember 2017-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXIX}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O17-3008",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2003-research,
    title = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    author = "Chang, Jason J.  and
      Liou, Hsien-Chin",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2003-word,
    title = "Word-Transliteration Alignment",
    author = "Lin, Tracy  and
      Wu, Chien-Cheng  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1001",
    pages = "1--16",
}
@inproceedings{kuo-yang-2003-ying,
    title = "應用混淆音矩陣之中英文音譯詞組自動抽取 (Automatic Transliterated-term Extraction Using Confusion Matrix from Non-parallel Corpora) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Kuo, Jin-Shea  and
      Yang, Ying-Kuei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1002",
    pages = "17--32",
}
@inproceedings{wu-chang-2003-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Collocation Extraction Based on Syntactic and Statistical Analyses",
    author = "Wu, Chien-Cheng  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1003",
    pages = "33--55",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2003-livetrans,
    title = "{L}ive{T}rans: Translation Suggestion for Cross-Language Web Search from Web Anchor Texts and Search Results",
    author = "Lu, Wen-Hsiang  and
      Chien, Lee-Feng  and
      Lee, Hsi-Jian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1004",
    pages = "57--72",
}
@inproceedings{iunn-2003-cong,
    title = "從語域及借詞觀點探討台語文寫作風格 (Discussion on {T}aiwanese Writing Style from The Viewpoint of Register and Loanword) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Iunn, Un-Gian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1005",
    pages = "73--86",
}
@inproceedings{chung-etal-2003-economy,
    title = "{ECONOMY} {IS} A {PERSON}: A {C}hinese-{E}nglish Corpora and Ontological-based Comparison Using the Conceptual Mapping Model",
    author = "Chung, Siaw-Fong  and
      Ahrens, Kathleen  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1006",
    pages = "87--110",
}
@inproceedings{liang-wu-2003-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in {E}nglish Texts",
    author = "Liang, Tyne  and
      Wu, Dian-Song",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1007",
    pages = "111--127",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-juang-2003-wen,
    title = "文件自我擴展於自動分類之應用 (Application of Document Self-Expansion to Text Categorization) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Juang, Da-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1008",
    pages = "129--141",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-etal-2003-auto,
    title = "Auto-Discovery of {NVEF} Word-Pairs in {C}hinese",
    author = "Tsai, Jia-Lin  and
      Hsieh, Gladys  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1009",
    pages = "143--160",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-chen-2003-reliable,
    title = "Reliable and Cost-Effective {P}o{S}-Tagging",
    author = "Tsai, Yu-Fang  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1010",
    pages = "161--173",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-etal-2003-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Word Auto-Confirmation Agent",
    author = "Tsai, Jia-Lin  and
      Sung, Cheng-Lung  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1011",
    pages = "175--191",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-etal-2003-mencius,
    title = "{M}encius: A {C}hinese Named Entity Recognizer Using Hybrid Model",
    author = "Tsai, Tzong-Han  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1012",
    pages = "193--209",
}
@inproceedings{shen-etal-2003-yi,
    title = "以網際網路內容為基礎之問答系統 {``}Why{''} 問句研究 (The Study of Why Questions in Web-based Question-Answering Systems) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Shen, Tean-Zuo  and
      Lin, Chuan-Jie  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1013",
    pages = "211--229",
}
@inproceedings{lin-2003-ji,
    title = "基於自然語言處理技術的研究主題抽取與分析 (Extraction and Analysis of Research Topics Based on {NLP} Technologies) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Sung-Chen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1014",
    pages = "231--255",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2003-yi,
    title = "以知識概念模型為基礎之多主題對話管理系統 (Ontology-Based Dialog Management for Multiple Service Integration) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Ming-Jun  and
      Yeh, Jui-Feng  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XV}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-1015",
    pages = "257--277",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2003-rocling,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ROCLING} 2003 Student Workshop",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{wu-2003-bidirectional,
    title = "A Bidirectional Study of {M}andarin Conversation Verbs",
    author = "Wu, Yiching",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ROCLING} 2003 Student Workshop",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-2001",
    pages = "279--286",
}
@inproceedings{gong-2003-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus-Based Study on Mapping Principles of Metaphors in Politics",
    author = "Gong, Shu-Ping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ROCLING} 2003 Student Workshop",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-2002",
    pages = "287--294",
}
@inproceedings{jian-2003-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Verb-Noun Collocations from Text",
    author = "Jian, Jia Yan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ROCLING} 2003 Student Workshop",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-2003",
    pages = "295--302",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-2003-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Sentence Alignment Based on Punctuation Marks",
    author = "Yeh, Kevin C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ROCLING} 2003 Student Workshop",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-2004",
    pages = "303--312",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2003-rocling-2003,
    title = "{ROCLING} 2003 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{wang-liang-2003-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus-based {C}hinese Syllable-to-Character System",
    author = "Wang, Chien-Pang  and
      Liang, Tyne",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2003 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-3001",
    pages = "313--326",
}
@inproceedings{hsie-etal-2003-interleaving,
    title = "Interleaving Text and Punctuations for Bilingual Sub-sentential Alignment",
    author = "Hsie, Wen-Chi  and
      Yeh, Kevin  and
      Chang, Jason S.  and
      Chuang, Thomas C.",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2003 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-3002",
    pages = "327--333",
}
@inproceedings{liang-wu-2003-restoration,
    title = "Restoration of Case Information in All-Cap {E}nglish Broadcast Transcription",
    author = "Liang, Yu-Ting  and
      Wu, Jian-Chen",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2003 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-3003",
    pages = "335--337",
}
@inproceedings{hsien-etal-2003-using,
    title = "Using Punctuations and Lengths for Bilingual Sub-sentential Alignment",
    author = "Hsien, Wen-Chi  and
      Yeh, Kevin  and
      Chang, Jason S.  and
      Chuang, Thomas C.",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2003 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-3004",
    pages = "339--345",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2003-totalrecall,
    title = "{T}otal{R}ecall: A Bilingual Concordance in National Digital Learning Project - {CANDLE}",
    author = "Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Shei, Wen-Chi  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2003 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-3005",
    pages = "347--353",
}
@inproceedings{chang-lin-2003-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Word Segmentation Without Dictionary",
    author = "Chang, Jason S.  and
      Lin, Tracy",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2003 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-3006",
    pages = "355--359",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2003-mang,
    title = "盲胞有聲書語音查詢系統 (A Speech-enabled Talking Book Retrieval System for the Blind) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Cheng-Yuan  and
      Hsieh, Ming-Feng  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2003 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-3007",
    pages = "361--367",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2003-xian,
    title = "線上新聞語音檢索系統 (Online New Retrieval Based on Speech Input) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Jiang-Chun  and
      Lo, Jui-Lin  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2003 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2003",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-3008",
    pages = "369--376",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2003-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2003: Special Issue on Word Formation and {C}hinese Language Processing",
    month = feb,
    year = "2003",
}
@inproceedings{wu-2003-customizable,
    title = "Customizable Segmentation of Morphologically Derived Words in {C}hinese",
    author = "Wu, Andi",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2003: Special Issue on Word Formation and {C}hinese Language Processing",
    month = feb,
    year = "2003",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-4001",
    pages = "1--28",
}
@inproceedings{xue-2003-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Word Segmentation as Character Tagging",
    author = "Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2003: Special Issue on Word Formation and {C}hinese Language Processing",
    month = feb,
    year = "2003",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-4002",
    pages = "29--48",
}
@inproceedings{nishimoto-2003-measuring,
    title = "Measuring and Comparing the Productivity of {M}andarin {C}hinese Suffixes",
    author = "Nishimoto, Eiji",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2003: Special Issue on Word Formation and {C}hinese Language Processing",
    month = feb,
    year = "2003",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-4003",
    pages = "49--76",
}
@inproceedings{ha-etal-2003-extension,
    title = "Extension of {Z}ipf{'}s Law to Word and Character N-grams for {E}nglish and {C}hinese",
    author = "Ha, Le Quan  and
      Sicilia-Garcia, E. I.  and
      Ming, Ji  and
      Smith, F. J.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2003: Special Issue on Word Formation and {C}hinese Language Processing",
    month = feb,
    year = "2003",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-4004",
    pages = "77--102",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2003-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 2, August 2003",
    month = aug,
    year = "2003",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2003-class,
    title = "A Class-based Language Model Approach to {C}hinese Named Entity Identification",
    author = "Sun, Jian  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Gao, Jianfeng",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 2, August 2003",
    month = aug,
    year = "2003",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-5001",
    pages = "1--28",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2003-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Named Entity Recognition Using Role Model",
    author = "Zhang, Hua-Ping  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Yu, Hong-Kui  and
      Cheng, Xue-Qi  and
      Bai, Shuo",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 2, August 2003",
    month = aug,
    year = "2003",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-5002",
    pages = "29--60",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2003-building,
    title = "Building A {C}hinese {W}ord{N}et Via Class-Based Translation Model",
    author = "Chang, Jason S.  and
      Lin, Tracy  and
      You, Geeng-Neng  and
      Chuang, Thomas C.  and
      Hsieh, Ching-Ting",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 2, August 2003",
    month = aug,
    year = "2003",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-5003",
    pages = "61--76",
}
@inproceedings{chen-du-2003-preparatory,
    title = "Preparatory Work on Automatic Extraction of Bilingual Multi-Word Units from Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Chen, Boxing  and
      Du, Limin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 2, August 2003",
    month = aug,
    year = "2003",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-5004",
    pages = "77--92",
}
@inproceedings{ker-2003-cong,
    title = "從詞網出發的中文複合名詞的語意表達 (Learning the Semantic Meaning of a {C}hinese Compound from the {W}ord{N}et) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Ker, Sue-Jin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 8, Number 2, August 2003",
    month = aug,
    year = "2003",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O03-5005",
    pages = "93--108",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2015-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    author = "Chen, Sin-Horng  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1000",
}
@inproceedings{shih-etal-2015-biao,
    title = "表示法學習技術於節錄式語音文件摘要之研究(A Study on Representation Learning Techniques for Extractive Spoken Document Summarization) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Shih, Kai-Wun  and
      Chen, Berlin  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Liu, Shih-Hung  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1001",
    pages = "1--3",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-shi,
    title = "使用詞向量表示與概念資訊於中文大詞彙連續語音辨識之語言模型調適(Exploring Word Embedding and Concept Information for Language Model Adaptation in {M}andarin Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Ssu-Cheng  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Hung, Hsiao-Tsung  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1002",
    pages = "4--17",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2015-jie,
    title = "結合β距離與圖形正規限制式之非負矩陣分解應用於單通道訊號源分離(Monaural Source Separation Using Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with Graph Regularization Constraint) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Yan-Bo  and
      Tuan, Pham  and
      Lee, Yuan-Shan  and
      Wang, Jia-Ching",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1003",
    pages = "18--26",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2015-yi,
    title = "以自然語言處理方法研發智慧型客語無聲調拼音輸入法 (Smart Toneless Pinyin Input Method for {H}akka Based on Natural Language Processing) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Hsin-Wei  and
      Yu, Ming-Shing  and
      Huang, Feng-Long  and
      Wei, Jiun-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1004",
    pages = "27--42",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2015-quan,
    title = "《全唐詩》的分析、探勘與應用－風格、對仗、社會網路與對聯(Textual Analysis of Complete Tang Poems for Discoveries and Applications - Style, Antitheses, Social Networks, and Couplets)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Chao-Lin  and
      Chang, Chun-Ning  and
      Hsu, Chu-Ting  and
      Cheng, Wen-Hui  and
      Wang, Hongsu  and
      Chiu, Wei-Yun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1005",
    pages = "43--57",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2015-designing,
    title = "Designing a Tag-Based Statistical Math Word Problem Solver with Reasoning and Explanation",
    author = "Huang, Chien-Tsung  and
      Lin, Yi-Chung  and
      Liang, Chao-Chun  and
      Hsu, Kuang-Yi  and
      Miao, Shen-Yun  and
      Ma, Wei-Yun  and
      Ku, Lun-Wen  and
      Liau, Churn-Jung  and
      Su, Keh-Yih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1006",
    pages = "58--63",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2015-explanation,
    title = "Explanation Generation for a Math Word Problem Solver",
    author = "Huang, Chien-Tsung  and
      Lin, Yi-Chung  and
      Su, Keh-Yih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1007",
    pages = "64--70",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2015-ke,
    title = "可讀性預測於中小學國語文教科書及優良課外讀物之研究(A Study of Readability Prediction on Elementary and Secondary {C}hinese Textbooks and Excellent Extracurricular Reading Materials) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Yi-Nian  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Tseng, Hou-Chiang  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1008",
    pages = "71--86",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-etal-2015-ji,
    title = "基於貝氏定理自動分析語料庫與標定文步 (A {B}ayesian approach to determine move tags in corpus) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsu, Jia-Lien  and
      Chang, Chiung-Wen  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1009",
    pages = "87--99",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2015-diao,
    title = "調變頻譜分解之改良於強健性語音辨識(Several Refinements of Modulation Spectrum Factorization for Robust Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Ting-Hao  and
      Hung, Hsiao-Tsung  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1010",
    pages = "100--102",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-etal-2015-rong,
    title = "融合多種深層類神經網路聲學模型與分類技術於華語錯誤發音檢測之研究(Exploring Combinations of Various Deep Neural Network based Acoustic Models and Classification Techniques for {M}andarin Mispro-nunciation Detection)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsu, Yao-Chi  and
      Yang, Ming-Han  and
      Hung, Hsiao-Tsung  and
      Hsiung, Yuwen  and
      Hung, Yao-Ting  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1011",
    pages = "103--120",
}
@inproceedings{chen-lee-2015-tou,
    title = "透過語音特徵建構基於堆疊稀疏自編碼器演算法之婚姻治療中夫妻互動行為量表自動化評分系統(Automating Behavior Coding for Distressed Couples Interactions Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder Framework using Speech-acoustic Features)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Po-Hsuan  and
      Lee, Chi-Chun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1012",
    pages = "121--122",
}
@inproceedings{chu-etal-2015-yu,
    title = "語音增強基於小腦模型控制器(A Speech Enhancement System Based on Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chu, Hao-Chun  and
      Lee, Jung-Hsi  and
      Fang, Shih-Hau  and
      Lin, Chih-Min  and
      Chang, Yun-Fan  and
      Tsao, Yu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1013",
    pages = "123--135",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-etal-2015-lei,
    title = "類神經網路訓練結合環境群集及專家混合系統於強健性語音辨識(Automatic Speech Recognition using Neural Network based Acoustic Model with the Environment Clustering and Mixture of Experts Algorithms) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsu, Chia-Yung  and
      Wang, Jia-Ching  and
      Tsao, Yu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1014",
    pages = "136--147",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2015-ji,
    title = "基於已知名稱搜尋結果的網路實體辨識模型建立工具(A Tool for Web {NER} Model Generation Using Search Snippets of Known Entities) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Ya-Yun  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui  and
      Chou, Chien-Lung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1015",
    pages = "148--163",
}
@inproceedings{chen-kao-2015-word,
    title = "Word Co-occurrence Augmented Topic Model in Short Text",
    author = "Chen, Guan-Bin  and
      Kao, Hung-Yu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1016",
    pages = "164--166",
}
@inproceedings{wen-etal-2015-ji,
    title = "基於 {W}ord2{V}ec 詞向量的網路情緒文和流行音樂媒合方法之研究(Matching {I}nternet Mood Essays with Pop-Music Based on {W}ord2{V}ec)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wen, Pin-Chu  and
      Tsai, Yi-Lin  and
      Tsai, Tzong-Han",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1017",
    pages = "167--179",
}
@inproceedings{kao-etal-2015-ji,
    title = "基於{W}eb之商家景點擷取與資料庫建置(Points of Interest Extraction from Unstructured Web)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Kao, Ting-Yao  and
      Chuang, Hsiu-Min  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1018",
    pages = "180--195",
}
@inproceedings{wang-shen-2015-yun,
    title = "運用關聯分析探勘民眾關注議題與發展方向:以環保議題為例(Mining Issues of Public Concern by Association Analysis: Using Environmental Issue as an Example)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Chieh-Jen  and
      Shen, Min-Hsin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1019",
    pages = "196--205",
}
@inproceedings{long-etal-2015-xian,
    title = "现代汉语语义词典多义词词库的校正和再修订(New Editing and Checking Work of the Semantic Knowledge Base of Contemporary {C}hinese ({SKCC}))[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Long, Yunfei  and
      Bian, Yuefeng  and
      Qu, Weiguang  and
      Dai, Rubing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1020",
    pages = "206--217",
}
@inproceedings{chen-wu-2015-yi,
    title = "以語言模型判斷學習者文句流暢度(Analyzing Learners {`}Writing Fluency Based on Language Model)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Po-Lin  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1021",
    pages = "218--232",
}
@inproceedings{chen-liu-2015-word,
    title = "The word complexity measure ({WCM}) in early phonological development: A longitudinal study from birth to three years old",
    author = "Chen, Li-mei  and
      Liu, Yi-Hsiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1022",
    pages = "233--247",
}
@inproceedings{lee-chuang-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Knowledge from User Search",
    author = "Lee, Yen-Kuan  and
      Chuang, Kun-Ta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1023",
    pages = "248--262",
}
@inproceedings{tung-lu-2015-bu,
    title = "部落客憂鬱傾向分析與預測(Analysis and Prediction of Blogger{'}s Depression Tendency)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tung, Chia-Ming  and
      Lu, Wen-Hsiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1024",
    pages = "263--276",
}
@inproceedings{gu-etal-2015-jie,
    title = "結合{ANN}、全域變異數與真實軌跡挑選之基週軌跡產生方法(A Pitch-contour Generation Method Combining {ANN} Prediction,Global Variance Matching, and Real-contour Selection)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gu, Hung-Yan  and
      Jiang, Kai-Wei  and
      Wang, Hao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1025",
    pages = "277--288",
}
@inproceedings{lai-etal-2015-yun,
    title = "運用{P}ython結合語音辨識及合成技術於自動化音文同步之實作(A Python Implementation of Automatic Speech-text Synchronization Using Speech Recognition and Text-to-Speech Technology)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lai, ChunHan  and
      Chang, Chao-Kai  and
      Lyu, Ren-Yuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1026",
    pages = "289--305",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chen-2015-jie,
    title = "結合非線性動態特徵之語音情緒辨識(Speech Emotion Recognition via Nonlinear Dynamical Features)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Chu-Hsuan  and
      Chen, Yen-Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2015)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hsinchu, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-1027",
    pages = "306--315",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2015-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 1, June 2015-Special Issue on {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    author = "Lee, Lung-Hao  and
      Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Chang, Li-Ping",
    month = jun,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-2000",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2015-guest,
    title = "Guest Editoral: Special Issue on {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    author = "Lee, Lung-Hao  and
      Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Chang, Li-Ping",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 1, June 2015-Special Issue on {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    month = jun,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-2001",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-etal-2015-hanspeller,
    title = "{HANS}peller: A Unified Framework for {C}hinese Spelling Correction",
    author = "Xiong, Jinhua  and
      Zhang, Qiao  and
      Zhang, Shuiyuan  and
      Hou, Jianpeng  and
      Cheng, Xueqi",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 1, June 2015-Special Issue on {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    month = jun,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-2002",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chu-2015-study,
    title = "A Study on {C}hinese Spelling Check Using Confusion Sets and?N-gram Statistics",
    author = "Lin, Chuan-Jie  and
      Chu, Wei-Cheng",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 1, June 2015-Special Issue on {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    month = jun,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-2003",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2015-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Detecting Syntactic Errors in Sentences Writing by Learners of {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    author = "Chang, Tao-Hsing  and
      Sung, Yao-Ting  and
      Hong, Jia-Fei",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 1, June 2015-Special Issue on {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    month = jun,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-2004",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-yeh-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Classification of the {``}De{''} Word Usage for {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    author = "Yeh, Jui-Feng  and
      Yeh, Chan-Kun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 1, June 2015-Special Issue on {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    month = jun,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-2005",
}
@inproceedings{tung-etal-2015-yi,
    title = "以「華語學習者語料庫」為本的「了」字句偏誤分析 (The Error Analysis of {``}Le{''} based on {``}{C}hinese Learner Written Corpus{''}) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tung, Tzu-Yun  and
      Chen, Howard Hao-Jan  and
      Yang, Hui-Mei",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 1, June 2015-Special Issue on {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    month = jun,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-2006",
}
@inproceedings{mochizuki-etal-2015-cross,
    title = "Cross-Linguistic Error Types of Misused {C}hinese Based on Learners{'} Corpora",
    author = "Mochizuki, Keiko  and
      Sano, Hiroshi  and
      Shen, Ya-Ming  and
      Wu, Chia-Hou",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 1, June 2015-Special Issue on {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    month = jun,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-2007",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2015-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 2, {D}ecember 2015 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVII}",
    author = "Kao, Hung-Yu  and
      Wang, Yih-Ru  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzong",
    month = dec,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-3000",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2015-designing,
    title = "Designing a Tag-Based Statistical Math Word Problem Solver with Reasoning and Explanation",
    author = "Lin, Yi-Chung  and
      Liang, Chao-Chun  and
      Hsu, Kuang-Yi  and
      Huang, Chien-Tsung  and
      Miao, Shen-Yun  and
      Ma, Wei-Yun  and
      Ku, Lun-Wei  and
      Liau, Churn-Jung  and
      Su, Keh-Yih",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 2, {D}ecember 2015 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVII}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-3001",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2015-explanation-generation,
    title = "Explanation Generation for a Math Word Problem Solver",
    author = "Huang, Chien-Tsung  and
      Lin, Yi-Chung  and
      Su, Keh-Yih",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 2, {D}ecember 2015 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVII}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-3002",
}
@inproceedings{chen-kao-2015-word-co,
    title = "Word Co-occurrence Augmented Topic Model in Short Text",
    author = "Chen, Guan-Bin  and
      Kao, Hung-Yu",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 2, {D}ecember 2015 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVII}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-3003",
}
@inproceedings{shih-etal-2015-jie,
    title = "節錄式語音文件摘要使用表示法學習技術 (Extractive Spoken Document Summarization with Representation Learning Techniques) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Shih, Kai-Wun  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Liu, Shih-Hung  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 2, {D}ecember 2015 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVII}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-3004",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2015-diao-bian,
    title = "調變頻譜分解技術於強健語音辨識之研究 (Investigating Modulation Spectrum Factorization Techniques for Robust Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Ting-Hao  and
      Hung, Hsiao-Tsung  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 2, {D}ecember 2015 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVII}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-3005",
}
@inproceedings{chen-lee-2015-tou-guo,
    title = "透過語音特徵建構基於堆疊稀疏自編碼器演算法之婚姻治療中夫妻互動行為量表自動化評分系統 (Automating Behavior Coding for Distressed Couples Interactions Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder Framework using Speech-acoustic Features) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Po-Hsuan  and
      Lee, Chi-Chun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 2, {D}ecember 2015 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVII}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2015",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O15-3006",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2001-research,
    title = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    author = "Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{lee-ker-2001-xin,
    title = "新聞文件摘要之研究 (Text Summarization on News) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lee, Hsiang-Pin  and
      Ker, Su-Jin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1001",
    pages = "23--42",
}
@inproceedings{chien-chen-2001-shi,
    title = "使用關聯法則為主之語言模型於擷取長距離中文文字關聯性 (Association Rule Based Language Models for Discovering Long Distance Dependency in {C}hinese) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chien, Jen-Tzung  and
      Chen, Hung-Ying",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1002",
    pages = "43--63",
}
@inproceedings{shen-chang-2001-duo,
    title = "多篇文件自動摘要系統 (Multi-Document Summarization System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Shen, Jian-Cheng  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1003",
    pages = "65--87",
}
@inproceedings{chen-chiang-2001-ji,
    title = "基於階層式類神經網路之自動新聞文件分類方法 (Hierarchical Neural Networks for Automatic News Document Categorization) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Yan-Cheng  and
      Chiang, Jung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1004",
    pages = "89--97",
}
@inproceedings{chen-wu-2001-using,
    title = "Using Chi-Square Testing in Modeling Confusion Characteristics for Robust Phonetic Set Generation",
    author = "Chen, Yeou-Jiunn  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1005",
    pages = "123--135",
}
@inproceedings{chen-kao-2001-pitch,
    title = "Pitch Marking Based on an Adaptable Filter and a Peak-Valley Estimation Method",
    author = "Chen, Jau-Hung  and
      Kao, Yung-An",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1006",
    pages = "137--145",
}
@inproceedings{mei-etal-2001-optimiztion,
    title = "Optimiztion of {HMM} by the Tabu Search Algorithm",
    author = "Mei, Xiao-dan  and
      Sun, Sheng-he  and
      Pan, Jeng-shuang  and
      Chen, Tsong-yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1007",
    pages = "147--153",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2001-jian,
    title = "簡易影片字幕文字辨識法及其詢答應用 (A Simple Method for Video {OCR} and Its Application on Question Answering) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Chuan-Jie  and
      Liu, Che-Chia  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1008",
    pages = "155--174",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2001-zhong,
    title = "中文語料庫構建及管理系統設計 (Design of Management System for {C}hinese Corpus Construction) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Ma, Wei-Yun  and
      Hsieh, Yu-Ming  and
      Yang, Chang-Hua  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1009",
    pages = "175--191",
}
@inproceedings{lo-etal-2001-design,
    title = "Design, Compilation and Processing of {CUC}all: A Set of {C}antonese Spoken Language Corpora Collected Over Telephone Networks",
    author = "Lo, W.K.  and
      Ching, P.C.  and
      Lee, Tan  and
      Meng, Helen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1010",
    pages = "193--212",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-chen-2001-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study of Zero Anaphora Resolution in {C}hinese Based on Centering Model",
    author = "Yeh, Ching-Long  and
      Chen, Yi-Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1011",
    pages = "237--251",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-etal-2001-zhong,
    title = "中文動詞自動分類研究 (Automatic Classification of {C}hinese Unknown Verbs) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tseng, Hui-hsin  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin  and
      Gao, Zhao Ming  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1012",
    pages = "253--272",
}
@inproceedings{chang-yu-2001-tong,
    title = "統計式片語翻譯模型(A Statistical Model of Terminology Translation) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Jason S.  and
      Yu, Ta-wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1013",
    pages = "273--297",
}
@inproceedings{lu-2001-metaphor,
    title = "Metaphor, Inference, and Conceptualisation : On the Development of V-diao Construction in {M}andarin",
    author = "Lu, Wei-lun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1014",
    pages = "299--316",
}
@inproceedings{wu-liu-2001-xin,
    title = "心理動詞「想」、「認為」、「以為」與「覺得」的語義區分及訊息表達{--}以語料為本的分析方法 (Lexical Semantic Distinction and Information Encoding: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Four Related Mental Verbs - {X}iang, Renwei, Yiwei and Juede) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Yi-Ching  and
      Liu, Mei-Juen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIV}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-1015",
    pages = "317--336",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2001-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2001: Special Issue on Natural Language Processing Researches in {MSRA}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2001",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2001-improving,
    title = "Improving Translation Selection with a New Translation Model Trained by Independent Monolingual Corpora",
    author = "Zhou, Ming  and
      Ding, Yuan  and
      Huang, Changning",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2001: Special Issue on Natural Language Processing Researches in {MSRA}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2001",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-2001",
    pages = "1--26",
}
@inproceedings{gao-etal-2001-use,
    title = "The Use of Clustering Techniques for Language Modeling V Application to {A}sian Language",
    author = "Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Goodman, Joshua T.  and
      Miao, Jiangbo",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2001: Special Issue on Natural Language Processing Researches in {MSRA}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2001",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-2002",
    pages = "27--60",
}
@inproceedings{chu-qian-2001-locating,
    title = "Locating Boundaries for Prosodic Constituents in Unrestricted {M}andarin Texts",
    author = "Chu, Min  and
      Qian, Yao",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2001: Special Issue on Natural Language Processing Researches in {MSRA}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2001",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-2003",
    pages = "61--82",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2001-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Translation Template Acquisition Based on Bilingual Structure Alignment",
    author = "Lu, Yajuan  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Li, Sheng  and
      Huang, Changning  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2001: Special Issue on Natural Language Processing Researches in {MSRA}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2001",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-2004",
    pages = "83--108",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2001-improving,
    title = "Improving the Effectiveness of Information Retrieval with Clustering and Fusion",
    author = "Zhang, Jian  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Wang, Jiaxing",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2001: Special Issue on Natural Language Processing Researches in {MSRA}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2001",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-2005",
    pages = "109--125",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2001-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 2, August 2001",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
}
@inproceedings{lu-2001-metaphorical,
    title = "Metaphorical Transfer and Pragmatic Strengthening: On the Development of V-diao in {M}andarin",
    author = "Lu, Louis Wei-lun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 2, August 2001",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-3001",
    pages = "1--10",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2001-simple,
    title = "A Simple Method for {C}hinese Video {OCR} and Its Application to Question Answering",
    author = "Lin, Chuan-Jie  and
      Liu, Che-Chia  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 2, August 2001",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-3002",
    pages = "11--30",
}
@inproceedings{chen-kao-2001-pitch-marking,
    title = "Pitch Marking Based on an Adaptable Filter and a Peak-Valley Estimation Method",
    author = "Chen, Jau-Hung  and
      Kao, Yung-An",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 2, August 2001",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-3003",
    pages = "31--42",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2001-tong,
    title = "統計式片語翻譯模型 (Statistical Translation Model for Phrases) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Jason S.  and
      Yu, David  and
      Lee, Chun-Jun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 6, Number 2, August 2001",
    month = aug,
    year = "2001",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O01-3004",
    pages = "43--64",
}
@proceedings{semeval-1998-pilot,
    title = "Proceedings of the Pilot {SENSEVAL}",
    author = "Kilgarriff, Adam  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    month = sep,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Hermonceux Castle, Sussex, UK",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
}
@proceedings{coling-2018-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    author = "Bender, Emily M.  and
      Derczynski, Leon  and
      Isabelle, Pierre",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1000",
}
@inproceedings{jahan-etal-2018-new,
    title = "A New Approach to {A}nimacy Detection",
    author = "Jahan, Labiba  and
      Chauhan, Geeticka  and
      Finlayson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1001",
    pages = "1--12",
    abstract = "Animacy is a necessary property for a referent to be an agent, and thus animacy detection is useful for a variety of natural language processing tasks, including word sense disambiguation, co-reference resolution, semantic role labeling, and others. Prior work treated animacy as a word-level property, and has developed statistical classifiers to classify words as either animate or inanimate. We discuss why this approach to the problem is ill-posed, and present a new approach based on classifying the animacy of co-reference chains. We show that simple voting approaches to inferring the animacy of a chain from its constituent words perform relatively poorly, and then present a hybrid system merging supervised machine learning (ML) and a small number of hand-built rules to compute the animacy of referring expressions and co-reference chains. This method achieves state of the art performance. The supervised ML component leverages features such as word embeddings over referring expressions, parts of speech, and grammatical and semantic roles. The rules take into consideration parts of speech and the hypernymy structure encoded in WordNet. The system achieves an F1 of 0.88 for classifying the animacy of referring expressions, which is comparable to state of the art results for classifying the animacy of words, and achieves an F1 of 0.75 for classifying the animacy of coreference chains themselves. We release our training and test dataset, which includes 142 texts (all narratives) comprising 156,154 words, 34,698 referring expressions, and 10,941 co-reference chains. We test the method on a subset of the OntoNotes dataset, showing using manual sampling that animacy classification is 90{\%} +/- 2{\%} accurate for coreference chains, and 92{\%} +/- 1{\%} for referring expressions. The data also contains 46 folktales, which present an interesting challenge because they often involve characters who are members of traditionally inanimate classes (e.g., stoves that walk, trees that talk). We show that our system is able to detect the animacy of these unusual referents with an F1 of 0.95.",
}
@inproceedings{yin-etal-2018-zero,
    title = "Zero Pronoun Resolution with Attention-based Neural Network",
    author = "Yin, Qingyu  and
      Zhang, Yu  and
      Zhang, Weinan  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Wang, William Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1002",
    pages = "13--23",
    abstract = "Recent neural network methods for zero pronoun resolution explore multiple models for generating representation vectors for zero pronouns and their candidate antecedents. Typically, contextual information is utilized to encode the zero pronouns since they are simply gaps that contain no actual content. To better utilize contexts of the zero pronouns, we here introduce the self-attention mechanism for encoding zero pronouns. With the help of the multiple hops of attention, our model is able to focus on some informative parts of the associated texts and therefore produces an efficient way of encoding the zero pronouns. In addition, an attention-based recurrent neural network is proposed for encoding candidate antecedents by their contents. Experiment results are encouraging: our proposed attention-based model gains the best performance on the Chinese portion of the OntoNotes corpus, substantially surpasses existing Chinese zero pronoun resolution baseline systems.",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-choi-2018-exist,
    title = "They Exist! Introducing Plural Mentions to Coreference Resolution and Entity Linking",
    author = "Zhou, Ethan  and
      Choi, Jinho D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1003",
    pages = "24--34",
    abstract = "This paper analyzes arguably the most challenging yet under-explored aspect of resolution tasks such as coreference resolution and entity linking, that is the resolution of plural mentions. Unlike singular mentions each of which represents one entity, plural mentions stand for multiple entities. To tackle this aspect, we take the character identification corpus from the SemEval 2018 shared task that consists of entity annotation for singular mentions, and expand it by adding annotation for plural mentions. We then introduce a novel coreference resolution algorithm that selectively creates clusters to handle both singular and plural mentions, and also a deep learning-based entity linking model that jointly handles both types of mentions through multi-task learning. Adjusted evaluation metrics are proposed for these tasks as well to handle the uniqueness of plural mentions. Our experiments show that the new coreference resolution and entity linking models significantly outperform traditional models designed only for singular mentions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that plural mentions are thoroughly analyzed for these two resolution tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{meng-rumshisky-2018-triad,
    title = "Triad-based Neural Network for Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Meng, Yuanliang  and
      Rumshisky, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1004",
    pages = "35--43",
    abstract = "We propose a triad-based neural network system that generates affinity scores between entity mentions for coreference resolution. The system simultaneously accepts three mentions as input, taking mutual dependency and logical constraints of all three mentions into account, and thus makes more accurate predictions than the traditional pairwise approach. Depending on system choices, the affinity scores can be further used in clustering or mention ranking. Our experiments show that a standard hierarchical clustering using the scores produces state-of-art results with MUC and B 3 metrics on the English portion of CoNLL 2012 Shared Task. The model does not rely on many handcrafted features and is easy to train and use. The triads can also be easily extended to polyads of higher orders. To our knowledge, this is the first neural network system to model mutual dependency of more than two members at mention level.",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2018-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Morphology Learning with Statistical Paradigms",
    author = "Xu, Hongzhi  and
      Marcus, Mitchell  and
      Yang, Charles  and
      Ungar, Lyle",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1005",
    pages = "44--54",
    abstract = "This paper describes an unsupervised model for morphological segmentation that exploits the notion of paradigms, which are sets of morphological categories (e.g., suffixes) that can be applied to a homogeneous set of words (e.g., nouns or verbs). Our algorithm identifies statistically reliable paradigms from the morphological segmentation result of a probabilistic model, and chooses reliable suffixes from them. The new suffixes can be fed back iteratively to improve the accuracy of the probabilistic model. Finally, the unreliable paradigms are subjected to pruning to eliminate unreliable morphological relations between words. The paradigm-based algorithm significantly improves segmentation accuracy. Our method achieves start-of-the-art results on experiments using the Morpho-Challenge data, including English, Turkish, and Finnish.",
}
@inproceedings{mager-etal-2018-challenges,
    title = "Challenges of language technologies for the indigenous languages of the {A}mericas",
    author = "Mager, Manuel  and
      Gutierrez-Vasques, Ximena  and
      Sierra, Gerardo  and
      Meza-Ruiz, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1006",
    pages = "55--69",
    abstract = "Indigenous languages of the American continent are highly diverse. However, they have received little attention from the technological perspective. In this paper, we review the research, the digital resources and the available NLP systems that focus on these languages. We present the main challenges and research questions that arise when distant languages and low-resource scenarios are faced. We would like to encourage NLP research in linguistically rich and diverse areas like the Americas.",
}
@inproceedings{muis-etal-2018-low,
    title = "Low-resource Cross-lingual Event Type Detection via Distant Supervision with Minimal Effort",
    author = "Muis, Aldrian Obaja  and
      Otani, Naoki  and
      Vyas, Nidhi  and
      Xu, Ruochen  and
      Yang, Yiming  and
      Mitamura, Teruko  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1007",
    pages = "70--82",
    abstract = "The use of machine learning for NLP generally requires resources for training. Tasks performed in a low-resource language usually rely on labeled data in another, typically resource-rich, language. However, there might not be enough labeled data even in a resource-rich language such as English. In such cases, one approach is to use a hand-crafted approach that utilizes only a small bilingual dictionary with minimal manual verification to create distantly supervised data. Another is to explore typical machine learning techniques, for example adversarial training of bilingual word representations. We find that in event-type detection task{---}the task to classify [parts of] documents into a fixed set of labels{---}they give about the same performance. We explore ways in which the two methods can be complementary and also see how to best utilize a limited budget for manual annotation to maximize performance gain.",
}
@inproceedings{makarov-clematide-2018-neural,
    title = "Neural Transition-based String Transduction for Limited-Resource Setting in Morphology",
    author = "Makarov, Peter  and
      Clematide, Simon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1008",
    pages = "83--93",
    abstract = "We present a neural transition-based model that uses a simple set of edit actions (copy, delete, insert) for morphological transduction tasks such as inflection generation, lemmatization, and reinflection. In a large-scale evaluation on four datasets and dozens of languages, our approach consistently outperforms state-of-the-art systems on low and medium training-set sizes and is competitive in the high-resource setting. Learning to apply a generic copy action enables our approach to generalize quickly from a few data points. We successfully leverage minimum risk training to compensate for the weaknesses of MLE parameter learning and neutralize the negative effects of training a pipeline with a separate character aligner.",
}
@inproceedings{matsubayashi-inui-2018-distance,
    title = "Distance-Free Modeling of Multi-Predicate Interactions in End-to-End {J}apanese Predicate-Argument Structure Analysis",
    author = "Matsubayashi, Yuichiroh  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1009",
    pages = "94--106",
    abstract = "Capturing interactions among multiple predicate-argument structures (PASs) is a crucial issue in the task of analyzing PAS in Japanese. In this paper, we propose new Japanese PAS analysis models that integrate the label prediction information of arguments in multiple PASs by extending the input and last layers of a standard deep bidirectional recurrent neural network (bi-RNN) model. In these models, using the mechanisms of pooling and attention, we aim to directly capture the potential interactions among multiple PASs, without being disturbed by the word order and distance. Our experiments show that the proposed models improve the prediction accuracy specifically for cases where the predicate and argument are in an indirect dependency relation and achieve a new state of the art in the overall $F_1$ on a standard benchmark corpus.",
}
@inproceedings{rehbein-ruppenhofer-2018-sprucing,
    title = "Sprucing up the trees {--} Error detection in treebanks",
    author = "Rehbein, Ines  and
      Ruppenhofer, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1010",
    pages = "107--118",
    abstract = "We present a method for detecting annotation errors in manually and automatically annotated dependency parse trees, based on ensemble parsing in combination with Bayesian inference, guided by active learning. We evaluate our method in different scenarios: (i) for error detection in dependency treebanks and (ii) for improving parsing accuracy on in- and out-of-domain data.",
}
@inproceedings{teng-zhang-2018-two,
    title = "Two Local Models for Neural Constituent Parsing",
    author = "Teng, Zhiyang  and
      Zhang, Yue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1011",
    pages = "119--132",
    abstract = "Non-local features have been exploited by syntactic parsers for capturing dependencies between sub output structures. Such features have been a key to the success of state-of-the-art statistical parsers. With the rise of deep learning, however, it has been shown that local output decisions can give highly competitive accuracies, thanks to the power of dense neural input representations that embody global syntactic information. We investigate two conceptually simple local neural models for constituent parsing, which make local decisions to constituent spans and CFG rules, respectively. Consistent with previous findings along the line, our best model gives highly competitive results, achieving the labeled bracketing F1 scores of 92.4{\%} on PTB and 87.3{\%} on CTB 5.1.",
}
@inproceedings{chowdhury-zamparelli-2018-rnn,
    title = "{RNN} Simulations of Grammaticality Judgments on Long-distance Dependencies",
    author = "Chowdhury, Shammur Absar  and
      Zamparelli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1012",
    pages = "133--144",
    abstract = "The paper explores the ability of LSTM networks trained on a language modeling task to detect linguistic structures which are ungrammatical due to extraction violations (extra arguments and subject-relative clause island violations), and considers its implications for the debate on language innatism. The results show that the current RNN model can correctly classify (un)grammatical sentences, in certain conditions, but it is sensitive to linguistic processing factors and probably ultimately unable to induce a more abstract notion of grammaticality, at least in the domain we tested.",
}
@inproceedings{eidelman-etal-2018-predictable,
    title = "How Predictable is Your State? Leveraging Lexical and Contextual Information for Predicting Legislative Floor Action at the State Level",
    author = "Eidelman, Vladimir  and
      Kornilova, Anastassia  and
      Argyle, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1013",
    pages = "145--160",
    abstract = "Modeling U.S. Congressional legislation and roll-call votes has received significant attention in previous literature, and while legislators across 50 state governments and D.C. propose over 100,000 bills each year, enacting over 30{\%} of them on average, state level analysis has received relatively less attention due in part to the difficulty in obtaining the necessary data. Since each state legislature is guided by their own procedures, politics and issues, however, it is difficult to qualitatively asses the factors that affect the likelihood of a legislative initiative succeeding. We present several methods for modeling the likelihood of a bill receiving floor action across all 50 states and D.C. We utilize the lexical content of over 1 million bills, along with contextual legislature and legislator derived features to build our predictive models, allowing a comparison of what factors are important to the lawmaking process. Furthermore, we show that these signals hold complementary predictive power, together achieving an average improvement in accuracy of 18{\%} over state specific baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{geva-berant-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning to Search in Long Documents Using Document Structure",
    author = "Geva, Mor  and
      Berant, Jonathan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1014",
    pages = "161--176",
    abstract = "Reading comprehension models are based on recurrent neural networks that sequentially process the document tokens. As interest turns to answering more complex questions over longer documents, sequential reading of large portions of text becomes a substantial bottleneck. Inspired by how humans use document structure, we propose a novel framework for reading comprehension. We represent documents as trees, and model an agent that learns to interleave quick navigation through the document tree with more expensive answer extraction. To encourage exploration of the document tree, we propose a new algorithm, based on Deep Q-Network (DQN), which strategically samples tree nodes at training time. Empirically we find our algorithm improves question answering performance compared to DQN and a strong information-retrieval (IR) baseline, and that ensembling our model with the IR baseline results in further gains in performance.",
}
@inproceedings{hong-etal-2018-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating Image Matching Into Knowledge Acquisition for Event-Oriented Relation Recognition",
    author = "Hong, Yu  and
      Xu, Yang  and
      Ruan, Huibin  and
      Zou, Bowei  and
      Yao, Jianmin  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1015",
    pages = "177--189",
    abstract = "Event relation recognition is a challenging language processing task. It is required to determine the relation class of a pair of query events, such as causality, under the condition that there isn{'}t any reliable clue for use. We follow the traditional statistical approach in this paper, speculating the relation class of the target events based on the relation-class distributions on the similar events. There is minimal supervision used during the speculation process. In particular, we incorporate image processing into the acquisition of similar event instances, including the utilization of images for visually representing event scenes, and the use of the neural network based image matching for approximate calculation between events. We test our method on the ACE-R2 corpus and compared our model with the fully-supervised neural network models. Experimental results show that we achieve a comparable performance to CNN while slightly better than LSTM.",
}
@inproceedings{yamada-etal-2018-representation,
    title = "Representation Learning of Entities and Documents from Knowledge Base Descriptions",
    author = "Yamada, Ikuya  and
      Shindo, Hiroyuki  and
      Takefuji, Yoshiyasu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1016",
    pages = "190--201",
    abstract = "In this paper, we describe TextEnt, a neural network model that learns distributed representations of entities and documents directly from a knowledge base (KB). Given a document in a KB consisting of words and entity annotations, we train our model to predict the entity that the document describes and map the document and its target entity close to each other in a continuous vector space. Our model is trained using a large number of documents extracted from Wikipedia. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using two tasks, namely fine-grained entity typing and multiclass text classification. The results demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on both tasks. The code and the trained representations are made available online for further academic research.",
}
@inproceedings{kulkarni-etal-2018-simple,
    title = "Simple Neologism Based Domain Independent Models to Predict Year of Authorship",
    author = "Kulkarni, Vivek  and
      Tian, Yingtao  and
      Dandiwala, Parth  and
      Skiena, Steve",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1017",
    pages = "202--212",
    abstract = "We present domain independent models to date documents based only on neologism usage patterns. Our models capture patterns of neologism usage over time to date texts, provide insights into temporal locality of word usage over a span of 150 years, and generalize to various domains like News, Fiction, and Non-Fiction with competitive performance. Quite intriguingly, we show that by modeling only the distribution of usage counts over neologisms (the model being agnostic of the particular words themselves), we achieve competitive performance using several orders of magnitude fewer features (only 200 input features) compared to state of the art models some of which use 200K features.",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2018-neural,
    title = "Neural Math Word Problem Solver with Reinforcement Learning",
    author = "Huang, Danqing  and
      Liu, Jing  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Yin, Jian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1018",
    pages = "213--223",
    abstract = "Sequence-to-sequence model has been applied to solve math word problems. The model takes math problem descriptions as input and generates equations as output. The advantage of sequence-to-sequence model requires no feature engineering and can generate equations that do not exist in training data. However, our experimental analysis reveals that this model suffers from two shortcomings: (1) generate spurious numbers; (2) generate numbers at wrong positions. In this paper, we propose incorporating copy and alignment mechanism to the sequence-to-sequence model (namely CASS) to address these shortcomings. To train our model, we apply reinforcement learning to directly optimize the solution accuracy. It overcomes the {``}train-test discrepancy{''} issue of maximum likelihood estimation, which uses the surrogate objective of maximizing equation likelihood during training while the evaluation metric is solution accuracy (non-differentiable) at test time. Furthermore, to explore the effectiveness of our neural model, we use our model output as a feature and incorporate it into the feature-based model. Experimental results show that (1) The copy and alignment mechanism is effective to address the two issues; (2) Reinforcement learning leads to better performance than maximum likelihood on this task; (3) Our neural model is complementary to the feature-based model and their combination significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art results.",
}
@inproceedings{lee-yeung-2018-personalizing,
    title = "Personalizing Lexical Simplification",
    author = "Lee, John  and
      Yeung, Chak Yan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1019",
    pages = "224--232",
    abstract = "A lexical simplification (LS) system aims to substitute complex words with simple words in a text, while preserving its meaning and grammaticality. Despite individual users{'} differences in vocabulary knowledge, current systems do not consider these variations; rather, they are trained to find one optimal substitution or ranked list of substitutions for all users. We evaluate the performance of a state-of-the-art LS system on individual learners of English at different proficiency levels, and measure the benefits of using complex word identification (CWI) models to personalize the system. Experimental results show that even a simple personalized CWI model, based on graded vocabulary lists, can help the system avoid some unnecessary simplifications and produce more readable output.",
}
@inproceedings{kuznetsov-gurevych-2018-text,
    title = "From Text to Lexicon: Bridging the Gap between Word Embeddings and Lexical Resources",
    author = "Kuznetsov, Ilia  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1020",
    pages = "233--244",
    abstract = "Distributional word representations (often referred to as word embeddings) are omnipresent in modern NLP. Early work has focused on building representations for word types, and recent studies show that lemmatization and part of speech (POS) disambiguation of targets in isolation improve the performance of word embeddings on a range of downstream tasks. However, the reasons behind these improvements, the qualitative effects of these operations and the combined performance of lemmatized and POS disambiguated targets are less studied. This work aims to close this gap and puts previous findings into a general perspective. We examine the effect of lemmatization and POS typing on word embedding performance in a novel resource-based evaluation scenario, as well as on standard similarity benchmarks. We show that these two operations have complimentary qualitative and vocabulary-level effects and are best used in combination. We find that the improvement is more pronounced for verbs and show how lemmatization and POS typing implicitly target some of the verb-specific issues. We claim that the observed improvement is a result of better conceptual alignment between word embeddings and lexical resources, stressing the need for conceptually plausible modeling of word embedding targets.",
}
@inproceedings{bingel-etal-2018-lexi,
    title = "{L}exi: A tool for adaptive, personalized text simplification",
    author = "Bingel, Joachim  and
      Paetzold, Gustavo  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1021",
    pages = "245--258",
    abstract = "Most previous research in text simplification has aimed to develop generic solutions, assuming very homogeneous target audiences with consistent intra-group simplification needs. We argue that this assumption does not hold, and that instead we need to develop simplification systems that adapt to the individual needs of specific users. As a first step towards personalized simplification, we propose a framework for adaptive lexical simplification and introduce Lexi, a free open-source and easily extensible tool for adaptive, personalized text simplification. Lexi is easily installed as a browser extension, enabling easy access to the service for its users.",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2018-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Emergent Research Trends by Key Authors and Phrases",
    author = "Jiang, Shenhao  and
      Prasad, Animesh  and
      Kan, Min-Yen  and
      Sugiyama, Kazunari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1022",
    pages = "259--269",
    abstract = "Identifying emergent research trends is a key issue for both primary researchers as well as secondary research managers. Such processes can uncover the historical development of an area, and yield insight on developing topics. We propose an embedded trend detection framework for this task which incorporates our bijunctive hypothesis that important phrases are written by important authors within a field and vice versa. By ranking both author and phrase information in a multigraph, our method jointly determines key phrases and authoritative authors. We represent this intermediate output as phrasal embeddings, and feed this to a recurrent neural network (RNN) to compute trend scores that identify research trends. Over two large datasets of scientific articles, we demonstrate that our approach successfully detects past trends from the field, outperforming baselines based solely on text centrality or citation.",
}
@inproceedings{lan-jiang-2018-embedding,
    title = "Embedding {W}ord{N}et Knowledge for Textual Entailment",
    author = "Lan, Yunshi  and
      Jiang, Jing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1023",
    pages = "270--281",
    abstract = "In this paper, we study how we can improve a deep learning approach to textual entailment by incorporating lexical entailment relations from WordNet. Our idea is to embed the lexical entailment knowledge contained in WordNet in specially-learned word vectors, which we call {``}entailment vectors.{''} We present a standard neural network model and a novel set-theoretic model to learn these entailment vectors from word pairs with known lexical entailment relations derived from WordNet. We further incorporate these entailment vectors into a decomposable attention model for textual entailment and evaluate the model on the SICK and the SNLI dataset. We find that using these special entailment word vectors, we can significantly improve the performance of textual entailment compared with a baseline that uses only standard word2vec vectors. The final performance of our model is close to or above the state of the art, but our method does not rely on any manually-crafted rules or extensive syntactic features.",
}
@inproceedings{jin-etal-2018-attributed,
    title = "Attributed and Predictive Entity Embedding for Fine-Grained Entity Typing in Knowledge Bases",
    author = "Jin, Hailong  and
      Hou, Lei  and
      Li, Juanzi  and
      Dong, Tiansi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1024",
    pages = "282--292",
    abstract = "Fine-grained entity typing aims at identifying the semantic type of an entity in KB. Type information is very important in knowledge bases, but are unfortunately incomplete even in some large knowledge bases. Limitations of existing methods are either ignoring the structure and type information in KB or requiring large scale annotated corpus. To address these issues, we propose an attributed and predictive entity embedding method, which can fully utilize various kinds of information comprehensively. Extensive experiments on two real DBpedia datasets show that our proposed method significantly outperforms 8 state-of-the-art methods, with 4.0{\%} and 5.2{\%} improvement in Mi-F1 and Ma-F1, respectively.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2018-joint,
    title = "Joint Learning from Labeled and Unlabeled Data for Information Retrieval",
    author = "Li, Bo  and
      Cheng, Ping  and
      Jia, Le",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1025",
    pages = "293--302",
    abstract = "Recently, a significant number of studies have focused on neural information retrieval (IR) models. One category of works use unlabeled data to train general word embeddings based on term proximity, which can be integrated into traditional IR models. The other category employs labeled data (e.g. click-through data) to train end-to-end neural IR models consisting of layers for target-specific representation learning. The latter idea accounts better for the IR task and is favored by recent research works, which is the one we will follow in this paper. We hypothesize that general semantics learned from unlabeled data can complement task-specific representation learned from labeled data of limited quality, and that a combination of the two is favorable. To this end, we propose a learning framework which can benefit from both labeled and more abundant unlabeled data for representation learning in the context of IR. Through a joint learning fashion in a single neural framework, the learned representation is optimized to minimize both the supervised loss on query-document matching and the unsupervised loss on text reconstruction. Standard retrieval experiments on TREC collections indicate that the joint learning methodology leads to significant better performance of retrieval over several strong baselines for IR.",
}
@inproceedings{weiss-meurers-2018-modeling,
    title = "Modeling the Readability of {G}erman Targeting Adults and Children: An empirically broad analysis and its cross-corpus validation",
    author = "Wei{\ss}, Zarah  and
      Meurers, Detmar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1026",
    pages = "303--317",
    abstract = "We analyze two novel data sets of German educational media texts targeting adults and children. The analysis is based on 400 automatically extracted measures of linguistic complexity from a wide range of linguistic domains. We show that both data sets exhibit broad linguistic adaptation to the target audience, which generalizes across both data sets. Our most successful binary classification model for German readability robustly shows high accuracy between 89.4{\%}{--}98.9{\%} for both data sets. To our knowledge, this comprehensive German readability model is the first for which robust cross-corpus performance has been shown. The research also contributes resources for German readability assessment that are externally validated as successful for different target audiences: we compiled a new corpus of German news broadcast subtitles, the Tagesschau/Logo corpus, and crawled a GEO/GEOlino corpus substantially enlarging the data compiled by Hancke et al. 2012.",
}
@inproceedings{stajner-hulpus-2018-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Assessment of Conceptual Text Complexity Using Knowledge Graphs",
    author = "{\v{S}}tajner, Sanja  and
      Hulpu{\c{s}}, Ioana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1027",
    pages = "318--330",
    abstract = "Complexity of texts is usually assessed only at the lexical and syntactic levels. Although it is known that conceptual complexity plays a significant role in text understanding, no attempts have been made at assessing it automatically. We propose to automatically estimate the conceptual complexity of texts by exploiting a number of graph-based measures on a large knowledge base. By using a high-quality language learners corpus for English, we show that graph-based measures of individual text concepts, as well as the way they relate to each other in the knowledge graph, have a high discriminative power when distinguishing between two versions of the same text. Furthermore, when used as features in a binary classification task aiming to choose the simpler of two versions of the same text, our measures achieve high performance even in a default setup.",
}
@inproceedings{yimam-biemann-2018-par4sim,
    title = "{P}ar4{S}im {--} Adaptive Paraphrasing for Text Simplification",
    author = "Yimam, Seid Muhie  and
      Biemann, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1028",
    pages = "331--342",
    abstract = "Learning from a real-world data stream and continuously updating the model without explicit supervision is a new challenge for NLP applications with machine learning components. In this work, we have developed an adaptive learning system for text simplification, which improves the underlying learning-to-rank model from usage data, i.e. how users have employed the system for the task of simplification. Our experimental result shows that, over a period of time, the performance of the embedded paraphrase ranking model increases steadily improving from a score of 62.88{\%} up to 75.70{\%} based on the NDCG@10 evaluation metrics. To our knowledge, this is the first study where an NLP component is adaptively improved through usage.",
}
@inproceedings{sari-etal-2018-topic,
    title = "Topic or Style? Exploring the Most Useful Features for Authorship Attribution",
    author = "Sari, Yunita  and
      Stevenson, Mark  and
      Vlachos, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1029",
    pages = "343--353",
    abstract = "Approaches to authorship attribution, the task of identifying the author of a document, are based on analysis of individuals{'} writing style and/or preferred topics. Although the problem has been widely explored, no previous studies have analysed the relationship between dataset characteristics and effectiveness of different types of features. This study carries out an analysis of four widely used datasets to explore how different types of features affect authorship attribution accuracy under varying conditions. The results of the analysis are applied to authorship attribution models based on both discrete and continuous representations. We apply the conclusions from our analysis to an extension of an existing approach to authorship attribution and outperform the prior state-of-the-art on two out of the four datasets used.",
}
@inproceedings{le-etal-2018-deep,
    title = "A Deep Dive into Word Sense Disambiguation with {LSTM}",
    author = "Le, Minh  and
      Postma, Marten  and
      Urbani, Jacopo  and
      Vossen, Piek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1030",
    pages = "354--365",
    abstract = "LSTM-based language models have been shown effective in Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). In particular, the technique proposed by Yuan et al. (2016) returned state-of-the-art performance in several benchmarks, but neither the training data nor the source code was released. This paper presents the results of a reproduction study and analysis of this technique using only openly available datasets (GigaWord, SemCor, OMSTI) and software (TensorFlow). Our study showed that similar results can be obtained with much less data than hinted at by Yuan et al. (2016). Detailed analyses shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of this method. First, adding more unannotated training data is useful, but is subject to diminishing returns. Second, the model can correctly identify both popular and unpopular meanings. Finally, the limited sense coverage in the annotated datasets is a major limitation. All code and trained models are made freely available.",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2018-enriching,
    title = "Enriching Word Embeddings with Domain Knowledge for Readability Assessment",
    author = "Jiang, Zhiwei  and
      Gu, Qing  and
      Yin, Yafeng  and
      Chen, Daoxu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1031",
    pages = "366--378",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present a method which learns the word embedding for readability assessment. For the existing word embedding models, they typically focus on the syntactic or semantic relations of words, while ignoring the reading difficulty, thus they may not be suitable for readability assessment. Hence, we provide the knowledge-enriched word embedding (KEWE), which encodes the knowledge on reading difficulty into the representation of words. Specifically, we extract the knowledge on word-level difficulty from three perspectives to construct a knowledge graph, and develop two word embedding models to incorporate the difficulty context derived from the knowledge graph to define the loss functions. Experiments are designed to apply KEWE for readability assessment on both English and Chinese datasets, and the results demonstrate both effectiveness and potential of KEWE.",
}
@inproceedings{jana-etal-2018-wikiref,
    title = "{W}iki{R}ef: Wikilinks as a route to recommending appropriate references for scientific {W}ikipedia pages",
    author = "Jana, Abhik  and
      Kanojiya, Pranjal  and
      Goyal, Pawan  and
      Mukherjee, Animesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1032",
    pages = "379--389",
    abstract = "The exponential increase in the usage of Wikipedia as a key source of scientific knowledge among the researchers is making it absolutely necessary to metamorphose this knowledge repository into an integral and self-contained source of information for direct utilization. Unfortunately, the references which support the content of each Wikipedia entity page, are far from complete. Why are the reference section ill-formed for most Wikipedia pages? Is this section edited as frequently as the other sections of a page? Can there be appropriate surrogates that can automatically enhance the reference section? In this paper, we propose a novel two step approach {--} WikiRef {--} that (i) leverages the wikilinks present in a scientific Wikipedia target page and, thereby, (ii) recommends highly relevant references to be included in that target page appropriately and automatically borrowed from the reference section of the wikilinks. In the first step, we build a classifier to ascertain whether a wikilink is a potential source of reference or not. In the following step, we recommend references to the target page from the reference section of the wikilinks that are classified as potential sources of references in the first step. We perform an extensive evaluation of our approach on datasets from two different domains {--} Computer Science and Physics. For Computer Science we achieve a notably good performance with a precision@1 of 0.44 for reference recommendation as opposed to 0.38 obtained from the most competitive baseline. For the Physics dataset, we obtain a similar performance boost of 10{\%} with respect to the most competitive baseline.",
}
@inproceedings{alharthi-etal-2018-authorship,
    title = "Authorship Identification for Literary Book Recommendations",
    author = "Alharthi, Haifa  and
      Inkpen, Diana  and
      Szpakowicz, Stan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1033",
    pages = "390--400",
    abstract = "Book recommender systems can help promote the practice of reading for pleasure, which has been declining in recent years. One factor that influences reading preferences is writing style. We propose a system that recommends books after learning their authors{'} style. To our knowledge, this is the first work that applies the information learned by an author-identification model to book recommendations. We evaluated the system according to a top-k recommendation scenario. Our system gives better accuracy when compared with many state-of-the-art methods. We also conducted a qualitative analysis by checking if similar books/authors were annotated similarly by experts.",
}
@inproceedings{leal-etal-2018-nontrivial,
    title = "A Nontrivial Sentence Corpus for the Task of Sentence Readability Assessment in {P}ortuguese",
    author = "Leal, Sidney Evaldo  and
      Duran, Magali Sanches  and
      Alu{\'\i}sio, Sandra Maria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1034",
    pages = "401--413",
    abstract = "Effective textual communication depends on readers being proficient enough to comprehend texts, and texts being clear enough to be understood by the intended audience, in a reading task. When the meaning of textual information and instructions is not well conveyed, many losses and damages may occur. Among the solutions to alleviate this problem is the automatic evaluation of sentence readability, task which has been receiving a lot of attention due to its large applicability. However, a shortage of resources, such as corpora for training and evaluation, hinders the full development of this task. In this paper, we generate a nontrivial sentence corpus in Portuguese. We evaluate three scenarios for building it, taking advantage of a parallel corpus of simplification, in which each sentence triplet is aligned and has simplification operations annotated, being ideal for justifying possible mistakes of future methods. The best scenario of our corpus PorSimplesSent is composed of 4,888 pairs, which is bigger than a similar corpus for English; all the three versions of it are publicly available. We created four baselines for PorSimplesSent and made available a pairwise ranking method, using 17 linguistic and psycholinguistic features, which correctly identifies the ranking of sentence pairs with an accuracy of 74.2{\%}.",
}
@inproceedings{du-etal-2018-adopting,
    title = "Adopting the Word-Pair-Dependency-Triplets with Individual Comparison for Natural Language Inference",
    author = "Du, Qianlong  and
      Zong, Chengqing  and
      Su, Keh-Yih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1035",
    pages = "414--425",
    abstract = "This paper proposes to perform natural language inference with Word-Pair-Dependency-Triplets. Most previous DNN-based approaches either ignore syntactic dependency among words, or directly use tree-LSTM to generate sentence representation with irrelevant information. To overcome the problems mentioned above, we adopt Word-Pair-Dependency-Triplets to improve alignment and inference judgment. To be specific, instead of comparing each triplet from one passage with the merged information of another passage, we first propose to perform comparison directly between the triplets of the given passage-pair to make the judgement more interpretable. Experimental results show that the performance of our approach is better than most of the approaches that use tree structures, and is comparable to other state-of-the-art approaches.",
}
@inproceedings{lei-etal-2018-cooperative,
    title = "Cooperative Denoising for Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction",
    author = "Lei, Kai  and
      Chen, Daoyuan  and
      Li, Yaliang  and
      Du, Nan  and
      Yang, Min  and
      Fan, Wei  and
      Shen, Ying",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1036",
    pages = "426--436",
    abstract = "Distantly supervised relation extraction greatly reduces human efforts in extracting relational facts from unstructured texts. However, it suffers from noisy labeling problem, which can degrade its performance. Meanwhile, the useful information expressed in knowledge graph is still underutilized in the state-of-the-art methods for distantly supervised relation extraction. In the light of these challenges, we propose CORD, a novelCOopeRativeDenoising framework, which consists two base networks leveraging text corpus and knowledge graph respectively, and a cooperative module involving their mutual learning by the adaptive bi-directional knowledge distillation and dynamic ensemble with noisy-varying instances. Experimental results on a real-world dataset demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the noisy labels and achieves substantial improvement over the state-of-the-art methods.",
}
@inproceedings{zou-etal-2018-adversarial,
    title = "Adversarial Feature Adaptation for Cross-lingual Relation Classification",
    author = "Zou, Bowei  and
      Xu, Zengzhuang  and
      Hong, Yu  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1037",
    pages = "437--448",
    abstract = "Relation Classification aims to classify the semantic relationship between two marked entities in a given sentence. It plays a vital role in a variety of natural language processing applications. Most existing methods focus on exploiting mono-lingual data, e.g., in English, due to the lack of annotated data in other languages. In this paper, we come up with a feature adaptation approach for cross-lingual relation classification, which employs a generative adversarial network (GAN) to transfer feature representations from one language with rich annotated data to another language with scarce annotated data. Such a feature adaptation approach enables feature imitation via the competition between a relation classification network and a rival discriminator. Experimental results on the ACE 2005 multilingual training corpus, treating English as the source language and Chinese the target, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, yielding an improvement of 5.7{\%} over the state-of-the-art.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-zhao-2018-one,
    title = "One-shot Learning for Question-Answering in {G}aokao History Challenge",
    author = "Zhang, Zhuosheng  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1038",
    pages = "449--461",
    abstract = "Answering questions from university admission exams (Gaokao in Chinese) is a challenging AI task since it requires effective representation to capture complicated semantic relations between questions and answers. In this work, we propose a hybrid neural model for deep question-answering task from history examinations. Our model employs a cooperative gated neural network to retrieve answers with the assistance of extra labels given by a neural turing machine labeler. Empirical study shows that the labeler works well with only a small training dataset and the gated mechanism is good at fetching the semantic representation of lengthy answers. Experiments on question answering demonstrate the proposed model obtains substantial performance gains over various neural model baselines in terms of multiple evaluation metrics.",
}
@inproceedings{guo-etal-2018-dynamic,
    title = "Dynamic Multi-Level Multi-Task Learning for Sentence Simplification",
    author = "Guo, Han  and
      Pasunuru, Ramakanth  and
      Bansal, Mohit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1039",
    pages = "462--476",
    abstract = "Sentence simplification aims to improve readability and understandability, based on several operations such as splitting, deletion, and paraphrasing. However, a valid simplified sentence should also be logically entailed by its input sentence. In this work, we first present a strong pointer-copy mechanism based sequence-to-sequence sentence simplification model, and then improve its entailment and paraphrasing capabilities via multi-task learning with related auxiliary tasks of entailment and paraphrase generation. Moreover, we propose a novel {`}multi-level{'} layered soft sharing approach where each auxiliary task shares different (higher versus lower) level layers of the sentence simplification model, depending on the task{'}s semantic versus lexico-syntactic nature. We also introduce a novel multi-armed bandit based training approach that dynamically learns how to effectively switch across tasks during multi-task learning. Experiments on multiple popular datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms competitive simplification systems in SARI and FKGL automatic metrics, and human evaluation. Further, we present several ablation analyses on alternative layer sharing methods, soft versus hard sharing, dynamic multi-armed bandit sampling approaches, and our model{'}s learned entailment and paraphrasing skills.",
}
@inproceedings{fukunaga-etal-2018-interpretation,
    title = "Interpretation of Implicit Conditions in Database Search Dialogues",
    author = "Fukunaga, Shunya  and
      Nishikawa, Hitoshi  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu  and
      Yokono, Hikaru  and
      Takahashi, Tetsuro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1040",
    pages = "477--486",
    abstract = "Targeting the database search dialogue, we propose to utilise information in the user utterances that do not directly mention the database (DB) field of the backend database system but are useful for constructing database queries. We call this kind of information implicit conditions. Interpreting the implicit conditions enables the dialogue system more natural and efficient in communicating with humans. We formalised the interpretation of the implicit conditions as classifying user utterances into the related DB field while identifying the evidence for that classification at the same time. Introducing this new task is one of the contributions of this paper. We implemented two models for this task: an SVM-based model and an RCNN-based model. Through the evaluation using a corpus of simulated dialogues between a real estate agent and a customer, we found that the SVM-based model showed better performance than the RCNN-based model.",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2018-shot,
    title = "Few-Shot Charge Prediction with Discriminative Legal Attributes",
    author = "Hu, Zikun  and
      Li, Xiang  and
      Tu, Cunchao  and
      Liu, Zhiyuan  and
      Sun, Maosong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1041",
    pages = "487--498",
    abstract = "Automatic charge prediction aims to predict the final charges according to the fact descriptions in criminal cases and plays a crucial role in legal assistant systems. Existing works on charge prediction perform adequately on those high-frequency charges but are not yet capable of predicting few-shot charges with limited cases. Moreover, these exist many confusing charge pairs, whose fact descriptions are fairly similar to each other. To address these issues, we introduce several discriminative attributes of charges as the internal mapping between fact descriptions and charges. These attributes provide additional information for few-shot charges, as well as effective signals for distinguishing confusing charges. More specifically, we propose an attribute-attentive charge prediction model to infer the attributes and charges simultaneously. Experimental results on real-work datasets demonstrate that our proposed model achieves significant and consistent improvements than other state-of-the-art baselines. Specifically, our model outperforms other baselines by more than 50{\%} in the few-shot scenario. Our codes and datasets can be obtained from https://github.com/thunlp/attribute{\_}charge.",
}
@inproceedings{gupta-etal-2018-taxonomy,
    title = "Can Taxonomy Help? Improving Semantic Question Matching using Question Taxonomy",
    author = "Gupta, Deepak  and
      Pujari, Rajkumar  and
      Ekbal, Asif  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Maitra, Anutosh  and
      Jain, Tom  and
      Sengupta, Shubhashis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1042",
    pages = "499--513",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose a hybrid technique for semantic question matching. It uses a proposed two-layered taxonomy for English questions by augmenting state-of-the-art deep learning models with question classes obtained from a deep learning based question classifier. Experiments performed on three open-domain datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach. We achieve state-of-the-art results on partial ordering question ranking (POQR) benchmark dataset. Our empirical analysis shows that coupling standard distributional features (provided by the question encoder) with knowledge from taxonomy is more effective than either deep learning or taxonomy-based knowledge alone.",
}
@inproceedings{hosu-etal-2018-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Interface for Databases Using a Dual-Encoder Model",
    author = "Hosu, Ionel Alexandru  and
      Iacob, Radu Cristian Alexandru  and
      Brad, Florin  and
      Ruseti, Stefan  and
      Rebedea, Traian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1043",
    pages = "514--524",
    abstract = "We propose a sketch-based two-step neural model for generating structured queries (SQL) based on a user{'}s request in natural language. The sketch is obtained by using placeholders for specific entities in the SQL query, such as column names, table names, aliases and variables, in a process similar to semantic parsing. The first step is to apply a sequence-to-sequence (SEQ2SEQ) model to determine the most probable SQL sketch based on the request in natural language. Then, a second network designed as a dual-encoder SEQ2SEQ model using both the text query and the previously obtained sketch is employed to generate the final SQL query. Our approach shows improvements over previous approaches on two recent large datasets (WikiSQL and SENLIDB) suitable for data-driven solutions for natural language interfaces for databases.",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2018-employing,
    title = "Employing Text Matching Network to Recognise Nuclearity in {C}hinese Discourse",
    author = "Xu, Sheng  and
      Li, Peifeng  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1044",
    pages = "525--535",
    abstract = "The task of nuclearity recognition in Chinese discourse remains challenging due to the demand for more deep semantic information. In this paper, we propose a novel text matching network (TMN) that encodes the discourse units and the paragraphs by combining Bi-LSTM and CNN to capture both global dependency information and local n-gram information. Moreover, it introduces three components of text matching, the Cosine, Bilinear and Single Layer Network, to incorporate various similarities and interactions among the discourse units. Experimental results on the Chinese Discourse TreeBank show that our proposed TMN model significantly outperforms various strong baselines in both micro-F1 and macro-F1.",
}
@inproceedings{chu-etal-2018-joint,
    title = "Joint Modeling of Structure Identification and Nuclearity Recognition in Macro {C}hinese Discourse Treebank",
    author = "Chu, Xiaomin  and
      Jiang, Feng  and
      Zhou, Yi  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1045",
    pages = "536--546",
    abstract = "Discourse parsing is a challenging task and plays a critical role in discourse analysis. This paper focus on the macro level discourse structure analysis, which has been less studied in the previous researches. We explore a macro discourse structure presentation schema to present the macro level discourse structure, and propose a corresponding corpus, named Macro Chinese Discourse Treebank. On these bases, we concentrate on two tasks of macro discourse structure analysis, including structure identification and nuclearity recognition. In order to reduce the error transmission between the associated tasks, we adopt a joint model of the two tasks, and an Integer Linear Programming approach is proposed to achieve global optimization with various kinds of constraints.",
}
@inproceedings{guo-etal-2018-implicit,
    title = "Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition using Neural Tensor Network with Interactive Attention and Sparse Learning",
    author = "Guo, Fengyu  and
      He, Ruifang  and
      Jin, Di  and
      Dang, Jianwu  and
      Wang, Longbiao  and
      Li, Xiangang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1046",
    pages = "547--558",
    abstract = "Implicit discourse relation recognition aims to understand and annotate the latent relations between two discourse arguments, such as temporal, comparison, etc. Most previous methods encode two discourse arguments separately, the ones considering pair specific clues ignore the bidirectional interactions between two arguments and the sparsity of pair patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel neural Tensor network framework with Interactive Attention and Sparse Learning (TIASL) for implicit discourse relation recognition. (1) We mine the most correlated word pairs from two discourse arguments to model pair specific clues, and integrate them as interactive attention into argument representations produced by the bidirectional long short-term memory network. Meanwhile, (2) the neural tensor network with sparse constraint is proposed to explore the deeper and the more important pair patterns so as to fully recognize discourse relations. The experimental results on PDTB show that our proposed TIASL framework is effective.",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2018-transition,
    title = "Transition-based Neural {RST} Parsing with Implicit Syntax Features",
    author = "Yu, Nan  and
      Zhang, Meishan  and
      Fu, Guohong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1047",
    pages = "559--570",
    abstract = "Syntax has been a useful source of information for statistical RST discourse parsing. Under the neural setting, a common approach integrates syntax by a recursive neural network (RNN), requiring discrete output trees produced by a supervised syntax parser. In this paper, we propose an implicit syntax feature extraction approach, using hidden-layer vectors extracted from a neural syntax parser. In addition, we propose a simple transition-based model as the baseline, further enhancing it with dynamic oracle. Experiments on the standard dataset show that our baseline model with dynamic oracle is highly competitive. When implicit syntax features are integrated, we are able to obtain further improvements, better than using explicit Tree-RNN.",
}
@inproceedings{bai-zhao-2018-deep,
    title = "Deep Enhanced Representation for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition",
    author = "Bai, Hongxiao  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1048",
    pages = "571--583",
    abstract = "Implicit discourse relation recognition is a challenging task as the relation prediction without explicit connectives in discourse parsing needs understanding of text spans and cannot be easily derived from surface features from the input sentence pairs. Thus, properly representing the text is very crucial to this task. In this paper, we propose a model augmented with different grained text representations, including character, subword, word, sentence, and sentence pair levels. The proposed deeper model is evaluated on the benchmark treebank and achieves state-of-the-art accuracy with greater than 48{\%} in 11-way and F1 score greater than 50{\%} in 4-way classifications for the first time according to our best knowledge.",
}
@inproceedings{kishimoto-etal-2018-knowledge,
    title = "A Knowledge-Augmented Neural Network Model for Implicit Discourse Relation Classification",
    author = "Kishimoto, Yudai  and
      Murawaki, Yugo  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1049",
    pages = "584--595",
    abstract = "Identifying discourse relations that are not overtly marked with discourse connectives remains a challenging problem. The absence of explicit clues indicates a need for the combination of world knowledge and weak contextual clues, which can hardly be learned from a small amount of manually annotated data. In this paper, we address this problem by augmenting the input text with external knowledge and context and by adopting a neural network model that can effectively handle the augmented text. Experiments show that external knowledge did improve the classification accuracy. Contextual information provided no significant gain for implicit discourse relations, but it did for explicit ones.",
}
@inproceedings{kuang-etal-2018-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Coherence for Neural Machine Translation with Dynamic and Topic Caches",
    author = "Kuang, Shaohui  and
      Xiong, Deyi  and
      Luo, Weihua  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1050",
    pages = "596--606",
    abstract = "Sentences in a well-formed text are connected to each other via various links to form the cohesive structure of the text. Current neural machine translation (NMT) systems translate a text in a conventional sentence-by-sentence fashion, ignoring such cross-sentence links and dependencies. This may lead to generate an incoherent target text for a coherent source text. In order to handle this issue, we propose a cache-based approach to modeling coherence for neural machine translation by capturing contextual information either from recently translated sentences or the entire document. Particularly, we explore two types of caches: a dynamic cache, which stores words from the best translation hypotheses of preceding sentences, and a topic cache, which maintains a set of target-side topical words that are semantically related to the document to be translated. On this basis, we build a new layer to score target words in these two caches with a cache-based neural model. Here the estimated probabilities from the cache-based neural model are combined with NMT probabilities into the final word prediction probabilities via a gating mechanism. Finally, the proposed cache-based neural model is trained jointly with NMT system in an end-to-end manner. Experiments and analysis presented in this paper demonstrate that the proposed cache-based model achieves substantial improvements over several state-of-the-art SMT and NMT baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{kuang-xiong-2018-fusing,
    title = "Fusing Recency into Neural Machine Translation with an Inter-Sentence Gate Model",
    author = "Kuang, Shaohui  and
      Xiong, Deyi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1051",
    pages = "607--617",
    abstract = "Neural machine translation (NMT) systems are usually trained on a large amount of bilingual sentence pairs and translate one sentence at a time, ignoring inter-sentence information. This may make the translation of a sentence ambiguous or even inconsistent with the translations of neighboring sentences. In order to handle this issue, we propose an inter-sentence gate model that uses the same encoder to encode two adjacent sentences and controls the amount of information flowing from the preceding sentence to the translation of the current sentence with an inter-sentence gate. In this way, our proposed model can capture the connection between sentences and fuse recency from neighboring sentences into neural machine translation. On several NIST Chinese-English translation tasks, our experiments demonstrate that the proposed inter-sentence gate model achieves substantial improvements over the baseline.",
}
@inproceedings{morishita-etal-2018-improving,
    title = "Improving Neural Machine Translation by Incorporating Hierarchical Subword Features",
    author = "Morishita, Makoto  and
      Suzuki, Jun  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1052",
    pages = "618--629",
    abstract = "This paper focuses on subword-based Neural Machine Translation (NMT). We hypothesize that in the NMT model, the appropriate subword units for the following three modules (layers) can differ: (1) the encoder embedding layer, (2) the decoder embedding layer, and (3) the decoder output layer. We find the subword based on Sennrich et al. (2016) has a feature that a large vocabulary is a superset of a small vocabulary and modify the NMT model enables the incorporation of several different subword units in a single embedding layer. We refer these small subword features as hierarchical subword features. To empirically investigate our assumption, we compare the performance of several different subword units and hierarchical subword features for both the encoder and decoder embedding layers. We confirmed that incorporating hierarchical subword features in the encoder consistently improves BLEU scores on the IWSLT evaluation datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{merhav-ash-2018-design,
    title = "Design Challenges in Named Entity Transliteration",
    author = "Merhav, Yuval  and
      Ash, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1053",
    pages = "630--640",
    abstract = "We analyze some of the fundamental design challenges that impact the development of a multilingual state-of-the-art named entity transliteration system, including curating bilingual named entity datasets and evaluation of multiple transliteration methods. We empirically evaluate the transliteration task using the traditional weighted finite state transducer (WFST) approach against two neural approaches: the encoder-decoder recurrent neural network method and the recent, non-sequential Transformer method. In order to improve availability of bilingual named entity transliteration datasets, we release personal name bilingual dictionaries mined from Wikidata for English to Russian, Hebrew, Arabic, and Japanese Katakana. Our code and dictionaries are publicly available.",
}
@inproceedings{lakew-etal-2018-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Transformer and Recurrent Neural Networks on Multilingual Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Lakew, Surafel Melaku  and
      Cettolo, Mauro  and
      Federico, Marcello",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1054",
    pages = "641--652",
    abstract = "Recently, neural machine translation (NMT) has been extended to multilinguality, that is to handle more than one translation direction with a single system. Multilingual NMT showed competitive performance against pure bilingual systems. Notably, in low-resource settings, it proved to work effectively and efficiently, thanks to shared representation space that is forced across languages and induces a sort of transfer-learning. Furthermore, multilingual NMT enables so-called zero-shot inference across language pairs never seen at training time. Despite the increasing interest in this framework, an in-depth analysis of what a multilingual NMT model is capable of and what it is not is still missing. Motivated by this, our work (i) provides a quantitative and comparative analysis of the translations produced by bilingual, multilingual and zero-shot systems; (ii) investigates the translation quality of two of the currently dominant neural architectures in MT, which are the Recurrent and the Transformer ones; and (iii) quantitatively explores how the closeness between languages influences the zero-shot translation. Our analysis leverages multiple professional post-edits of automatic translations by several different systems and focuses both on automatic standard metrics (BLEU and TER) and on widely used error categories, which are lexical, morphology, and word order errors.",
}
@inproceedings{ebrahimi-etal-2018-adversarial,
    title = "On Adversarial Examples for Character-Level Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Ebrahimi, Javid  and
      Lowd, Daniel  and
      Dou, Dejing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1055",
    pages = "653--663",
    abstract = "Evaluating on adversarial examples has become a standard procedure to measure robustness of deep learning models. Due to the difficulty of creating white-box adversarial examples for discrete text input, most analyses of the robustness of NLP models have been done through black-box adversarial examples. We investigate adversarial examples for character-level neural machine translation (NMT), and contrast black-box adversaries with a novel white-box adversary, which employs differentiable string-edit operations to rank adversarial changes. We propose two novel types of attacks which aim to remove or change a word in a translation, rather than simply break the NMT. We demonstrate that white-box adversarial examples are significantly stronger than their black-box counterparts in different attack scenarios, which show more serious vulnerabilities than previously known. In addition, after performing adversarial training, which takes only 3 times longer than regular training, we can improve the model{'}s robustness significantly.",
}
@inproceedings{ilievski-etal-2018-systematic,
    title = "Systematic Study of Long Tail Phenomena in Entity Linking",
    author = "Ilievski, Filip  and
      Vossen, Piek  and
      Schlobach, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1056",
    pages = "664--674",
    abstract = "State-of-the-art entity linkers achieve high accuracy scores with probabilistic methods. However, these scores should be considered in relation to the properties of the datasets they are evaluated on. Until now, there has not been a systematic investigation of the properties of entity linking datasets and their impact on system performance. In this paper we report on a series of hypotheses regarding the long tail phenomena in entity linking datasets, their interaction, and their impact on system performance. Our systematic study of these hypotheses shows that evaluation datasets mainly capture head entities and only incidentally cover data from the tail, thus encouraging systems to overfit to popular/frequent and non-ambiguous cases. We find the most difficult cases of entity linking among the infrequent candidates of ambiguous forms. With our findings, we hope to inspire future designs of both entity linking systems and evaluation datasets. To support this goal, we provide a list of recommended actions for better inclusion of tail cases.",
}
@inproceedings{cao-etal-2018-neural,
    title = "Neural Collective Entity Linking",
    author = "Cao, Yixin  and
      Hou, Lei  and
      Li, Juanzi  and
      Liu, Zhiyuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1057",
    pages = "675--686",
    abstract = "Entity Linking aims to link entity mentions in texts to knowledge bases, and neural models have achieved recent success in this task. However, most existing methods rely on local contexts to resolve entities independently, which may usually fail due to the data sparsity of local information. To address this issue, we propose a novel neural model for collective entity linking, named as NCEL. NCEL apply Graph Convolutional Network to integrate both local contextual features and global coherence information for entity linking. To improve the computation efficiency, we approximately perform graph convolution on a subgraph of adjacent entity mentions instead of those in the entire text. We further introduce an attention scheme to improve the robustness of NCEL to data noise and train the model on Wikipedia hyperlinks to avoid overfitting and domain bias. In experiments, we evaluate NCEL on five publicly available datasets to verify the linking performance as well as generalization ability. We also conduct an extensive analysis of time complexity, the impact of key modules, and qualitative results, which demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.",
}
@inproceedings{bhutani-etal-2018-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Structure in Representation of Named Entities using Active Learning",
    author = "Bhutani, Nikita  and
      Qian, Kun  and
      Li, Yunyao  and
      Jagadish, H. V.  and
      Hernandez, Mauricio  and
      Vasa, Mitesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1058",
    pages = "687--699",
    abstract = "Fundamental to several knowledge-centric applications is the need to identify named entities from their textual mentions. However, entities lack a unique representation and their mentions can differ greatly. These variations arise in complex ways that cannot be captured using textual similarity metrics. However, entities have underlying structures, typically shared by entities of the same entity type, that can help reason over their name variations. Discovering, learning and manipulating these structures typically requires high manual effort in the form of large amounts of labeled training data and handwritten transformation programs. In this work, we propose an active-learning based framework that drastically reduces the labeled data required to learn the structures of entities. We show that programs for mapping entity mentions to their structures can be automatically generated using human-comprehensible labels. Our experiments show that our framework consistently outperforms both handwritten programs and supervised learning models. We also demonstrate the utility of our framework in relation extraction and entity resolution tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{al-olimat-etal-2018-practical,
    title = "A Practical Incremental Learning Framework For Sparse Entity Extraction",
    author = "Al-Olimat, Hussein  and
      Gustafson, Steven  and
      Mackay, Jason  and
      Thirunarayan, Krishnaprasad  and
      Sheth, Amit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1059",
    pages = "700--710",
    abstract = "This work addresses challenges arising from extracting entities from textual data, including the high cost of data annotation, model accuracy, selecting appropriate evaluation criteria, and the overall quality of annotation. We present a framework that integrates Entity Set Expansion (ESE) and Active Learning (AL) to reduce the annotation cost of sparse data and provide an online evaluation method as feedback. This incremental and interactive learning framework allows for rapid annotation and subsequent extraction of sparse data while maintaining high accuracy. We evaluate our framework on three publicly available datasets and show that it drastically reduces the cost of sparse entity annotation by an average of 85{\%} and 45{\%} to reach 0.9 and 1.0 F-Scores respectively. Moreover, the method exhibited robust performance across all datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{mai-etal-2018-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study on Fine-Grained Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Mai, Khai  and
      Pham, Thai-Hoang  and
      Nguyen, Minh Trung  and
      Nguyen, Tuan Duc  and
      Bollegala, Danushka  and
      Sasano, Ryohei  and
      Sekine, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1060",
    pages = "711--722",
    abstract = "Named entity recognition (NER) has attracted a substantial amount of research. Recently, several neural network-based models have been proposed and achieved high performance. However, there is little research on fine-grained NER (FG-NER), in which hundreds of named entity categories must be recognized, especially for non-English languages. It is still an open question whether there is a model that is robust across various settings or the proper model varies depending on the language, the number of named entity categories, and the size of training datasets. This paper first presents an empirical comparison of FG-NER models for English and Japanese and demonstrates that LSTM+CNN+CRF (Ma and Hovy, 2016), one of the state-of-the-art methods for English NER, also works well for English FG-NER but does not work well for Japanese, a language that has a large number of character types. To tackle this problem, we propose a method to improve the neural network-based Japanese FG-NER performance by removing the CNN layer and utilizing dictionary and category embeddings. Experiment results show that the proposed method improves Japanese FG-NER F-score from 66.76{\%} to 75.18{\%}.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2018-higher,
    title = "Does Higher Order {LSTM} Have Better Accuracy for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data?",
    author = "Zhang, Yi  and
      Sun, Xu  and
      Ma, Shuming  and
      Yang, Yang  and
      Ren, Xuancheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1061",
    pages = "723--733",
    abstract = "Existing neural models usually predict the tag of the current token independent of the neighboring tags. The popular LSTM-CRF model considers the tag dependencies between every two consecutive tags. However, it is hard for existing neural models to take longer distance dependencies between tags into consideration. The scalability is mainly limited by the complex model structures and the cost of dynamic programming during training. In our work, we first design a new model called {``}high order LSTM{''} to predict multiple tags for the current token which contains not only the current tag but also the previous several tags. We call the number of tags in one prediction as {``}order{''}. Then we propose a new method called Multi-Order BiLSTM (MO-BiLSTM) which combines low order and high order LSTMs together. MO-BiLSTM keeps the scalability to high order models with a pruning technique. We evaluate MO-BiLSTM on all-phrase chunking and NER datasets. Experiment results show that MO-BiLSTM achieves the state-of-the-art result in chunking and highly competitive results in two NER datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{al-saleh-menai-2018-ant,
    title = "Ant Colony System for Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Al-Saleh, Asma  and
      Menai, Mohamed El Bachir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1062",
    pages = "734--744",
    abstract = "This paper proposes an extractive multi-document summarization approach based on an ant colony system to optimize the information coverage of summary sentences. The implemented system was evaluated on both English and Arabic versions of the corpus of the Text Analysis Conference 2011 MultiLing Pilot by using ROUGE metrics. The evaluation results are promising in comparison to those of the participating systems. Indeed, our system achieved the best scores based on several ROUGE metrics.",
}
@inproceedings{cerisara-etal-2018-multi,
    title = "Multi-task dialog act and sentiment recognition on Mastodon",
    author = "Cerisara, Christophe  and
      Jafaritazehjani, Somayeh  and
      Oluokun, Adedayo  and
      Le, Hoa T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1063",
    pages = "745--754",
    abstract = "Because of license restrictions, it often becomes impossible to strictly reproduce most research results on Twitter data already a few months after the creation of the corpus. This situation worsened gradually as time passes and tweets become inaccessible. This is a critical issue for reproducible and accountable research on social media. We partly solve this challenge by annotating a new Twitter-like corpus from an alternative large social medium with licenses that are compatible with reproducible experiments: Mastodon. We manually annotate both dialogues and sentiments on this corpus, and train a multi-task hierarchical recurrent network on joint sentiment and dialog act recognition. We experimentally demonstrate that transfer learning may be efficiently achieved between both tasks, and further analyze some specific correlations between sentiments and dialogues on social media. Both the annotated corpus and deep network are released with an open-source license.",
}
@inproceedings{rogers-etal-2018-rusentiment,
    title = "{R}u{S}entiment: An Enriched Sentiment Analysis Dataset for Social Media in {R}ussian",
    author = "Rogers, Anna  and
      Romanov, Alexey  and
      Rumshisky, Anna  and
      Volkova, Svitlana  and
      Gronas, Mikhail  and
      Gribov, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1064",
    pages = "755--763",
    abstract = "This paper presents RuSentiment, a new dataset for sentiment analysis of social media posts in Russian, and a new set of comprehensive annotation guidelines that are extensible to other languages. RuSentiment is currently the largest in its class for Russian, with 31,185 posts annotated with Fleiss{'} kappa of 0.58 (3 annotations per post). To diversify the dataset, 6,950 posts were pre-selected with an active learning-style strategy. We report baseline classification results, and we also release the best-performing embeddings trained on 3.2B tokens of Russian VKontakte posts.",
}
@inproceedings{goldberger-melamud-2018-self,
    title = "Self-Normalization Properties of Language Modeling",
    author = "Goldberger, Jacob  and
      Melamud, Oren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1065",
    pages = "764--773",
    abstract = "Self-normalizing discriminative models approximate the normalized probability of a class without having to compute the partition function. In the context of language modeling, this property is particularly appealing as it may significantly reduce run-times due to large word vocabularies. In this study, we provide a comprehensive investigation of language modeling self-normalization. First, we theoretically analyze the inherent self-normalization properties of Noise Contrastive Estimation (NCE) language models. Then, we compare them empirically to softmax-based approaches, which are self-normalized using explicit regularization, and suggest a hybrid model with compelling properties. Finally, we uncover a surprising negative correlation between self-normalization and perplexity across the board, as well as some regularity in the observed errors, which may potentially be used for improving self-normalization algorithms in the future.",
}
@inproceedings{gu-etal-2018-position,
    title = "A Position-aware Bidirectional Attention Network for Aspect-level Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Gu, Shuqin  and
      Zhang, Lipeng  and
      Hou, Yuexian  and
      Song, Yin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1066",
    pages = "774--784",
    abstract = "Aspect-level sentiment analysis aims to distinguish the sentiment polarity of each specific aspect term in a given sentence. Both industry and academia have realized the importance of the relationship between aspect term and sentence, and made attempts to model the relationship by designing a series of attention models. However, most existing methods usually neglect the fact that the position information is also crucial for identifying the sentiment polarity of the aspect term. When an aspect term occurs in a sentence, its neighboring words should be given more attention than other words with long distance. Therefore, we propose a position-aware bidirectional attention network (PBAN) based on bidirectional GRU. PBAN not only concentrates on the position information of aspect terms, but also mutually models the relation between aspect term and sentence by employing bidirectional attention mechanism. The experimental results on SemEval 2014 Datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed PBAN model.",
}
@inproceedings{kohita-etal-2018-dynamic,
    title = "Dynamic Feature Selection with Attention in Incremental Parsing",
    author = "Kohita, Ryosuke  and
      Noji, Hiroshi  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1067",
    pages = "785--794",
    abstract = "One main challenge for incremental transition-based parsers, when future inputs are invisible, is to extract good features from a limited local context. In this work, we present a simple technique to maximally utilize the local features with an attention mechanism, which works as context- dependent dynamic feature selection. Our model learns, for example, which tokens should a parser focus on, to decide the next action. Our multilingual experiment shows its effectiveness across many languages. We also present an experiment with augmented test dataset and demon- strate it helps to understand the model{'}s behavior on locally ambiguous points.",
}
@inproceedings{krishna-etal-2018-vocabulary,
    title = "Vocabulary Tailored Summary Generation",
    author = "Krishna, Kundan  and
      Murhekar, Aniket  and
      Sharma, Saumitra  and
      Srinivasan, Balaji Vasan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1068",
    pages = "795--805",
    abstract = "Neural sequence-to-sequence models have been successfully extended for summary generation.However, existing frameworks generate a single summary for a given input and do not tune the summaries towards any additional constraints/preferences. Such a tunable framework is desirable to account for linguistic preferences of the specific audience who will consume the summary. In this paper, we propose a neural framework to generate summaries constrained to a vocabulary-defined linguistic preferences of a target audience. The proposed method accounts for the generation context by tuning the summary words at the time of generation. Our evaluations indicate that the proposed approach tunes summaries to the target vocabulary while still maintaining a superior summary quality against a state-of-the-art word embedding based lexical substitution algorithm, suggesting the feasibility of the proposed approach. We demonstrate two applications of the proposed approach - to generate understandable summaries with simpler words, and readable summaries with shorter words.",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2018-reading,
    title = "Reading Comprehension with Graph-based Temporal-Casual Reasoning",
    author = "Sun, Yawei  and
      Cheng, Gong  and
      Qu, Yuzhong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1069",
    pages = "806--817",
    abstract = "Complex questions in reading comprehension tasks require integrating information from multiple sentences. In this work, to answer such questions involving temporal and causal relations, we generate event graphs from text based on dependencies, and rank answers by aligning event graphs. In particular, the alignments are constrained by graph-based reasoning to ensure temporal and causal agreement. Our focused approach self-adaptively complements existing solutions; it is automatically triggered only when applicable. Experiments on RACE and MCTest show that state-of-the-art methods are notably improved by using our approach as an add-on.",
}
@inproceedings{barnes-etal-2018-projecting,
    title = "Projecting Embeddings for Domain Adaption: Joint Modeling of Sentiment Analysis in Diverse Domains",
    author = "Barnes, Jeremy  and
      Klinger, Roman  and
      Schulte im Walde, Sabine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1070",
    pages = "818--830",
    abstract = "Domain adaptation for sentiment analysis is challenging due to the fact that supervised classifiers are very sensitive to changes in domain. The two most prominent approaches to this problem are structural correspondence learning and autoencoders. However, they either require long training times or suffer greatly on highly divergent domains. Inspired by recent advances in cross-lingual sentiment analysis, we provide a novel perspective and cast the domain adaptation problem as an embedding projection task. Our model takes as input two mono-domain embedding spaces and learns to project them to a bi-domain space, which is jointly optimized to (1) project across domains and to (2) predict sentiment. We perform domain adaptation experiments on 20 source-target domain pairs for sentiment classification and report novel state-of-the-art results on 11 domain pairs, including the Amazon domain adaptation datasets and SemEval 2013 and 2016 datasets. Our analysis shows that our model performs comparably to state-of-the-art approaches on domains that are similar, while performing significantly better on highly divergent domains. Our code is available at https://github.com/jbarnesspain/domain{\_}blse",
}
@inproceedings{eger-etal-2018-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Argumentation Mining: Machine Translation (and a bit of Projection) is All You Need!",
    author = "Eger, Steffen  and
      Daxenberger, Johannes  and
      Stab, Christian  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1071",
    pages = "831--844",
    abstract = "Argumentation mining (AM) requires the identification of complex discourse structures and has lately been applied with success monolingually. In this work, we show that the existing resources are, however, not adequate for assessing cross-lingual AM, due to their heterogeneity or lack of complexity. We therefore create suitable parallel corpora by (human and machine) translating a popular AM dataset consisting of persuasive student essays into German, French, Spanish, and Chinese. We then compare (i) annotation projection and (ii) bilingual word embeddings based direct transfer strategies for cross-lingual AM, finding that the former performs considerably better and almost eliminates the loss from cross-lingual transfer. Moreover, we find that annotation projection works equally well when using either costly human or cheap machine translations. Our code and data are available at http://github.com/UKPLab/coling2018-xling{\_}argument{\_}mining.",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2018-hl,
    title = "{HL}-{E}nc{D}ec: A Hybrid-Level Encoder-Decoder for Neural Response Generation",
    author = "Wu, Sixing  and
      Zhang, Dawei  and
      Li, Ying  and
      Xie, Xing  and
      Wu, Zhonghai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1072",
    pages = "845--856",
    abstract = "Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest on response generation for neural conversation systems. Most existing models are implemented by following the Encoder-Decoder framework and operate sentences of conversations at word-level. The word-level model is suffering from the Unknown Words Issue and the Preference Issue, which seriously impact the quality of generated responses, for example, generated responses may become irrelevant or too general (i.e. safe responses). To address these issues, this paper proposes a hybrid-level Encoder-Decoder model (HL-EncDec), which not only utilizes the word-level features but also character-level features. We conduct several experiments to evaluate HL-EncDec on a Chinese corpus, experimental results show our model significantly outperforms other non-word-level models in automatic metrics and human annotations and is able to generate more informative responses. We also conduct experiments with a small-scale English dataset to show the generalization ability.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-multi,
    title = "Multi-Perspective Context Aggregation for Semi-supervised Cloze-style Reading Comprehension",
    author = "Wang, Liang  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Zhao, Wei  and
      Shen, Kewei  and
      Sun, Meng  and
      Jia, Ruoyu  and
      Liu, Jingming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1073",
    pages = "857--867",
    abstract = "Cloze-style reading comprehension has been a popular task for measuring the progress of natural language understanding in recent years. In this paper, we design a novel multi-perspective framework, which can be seen as the joint training of heterogeneous experts and aggregate context information from different perspectives. Each perspective is modeled by a simple aggregation module. The outputs of multiple aggregation modules are fed into a one-timestep pointer network to get the final answer. At the same time, to tackle the problem of insufficient labeled data, we propose an efficient sampling mechanism to automatically generate more training examples by matching the distribution of candidates between labeled and unlabeled data. We conduct our experiments on a recently released cloze-test dataset CLOTH (Xie et al., 2017), which consists of nearly 100k questions designed by professional teachers. Results show that our method achieves new state-of-the-art performance over previous strong baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{zou-etal-2018-lexicon,
    title = "A Lexicon-Based Supervised Attention Model for Neural Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Zou, Yicheng  and
      Gui, Tao  and
      Zhang, Qi  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1074",
    pages = "868--877",
    abstract = "Attention mechanisms have been leveraged for sentiment classification tasks because not all words have the same importance. However, most existing attention models did not take full advantage of sentiment lexicons, which provide rich sentiment information and play a critical role in sentiment analysis. To achieve the above target, in this work, we propose a novel lexicon-based supervised attention model (LBSA), which allows a recurrent neural network to focus on the sentiment content, thus generating sentiment-informative representations. Compared with general attention models, our model has better interpretability and less noise. Experimental results on three large-scale sentiment classification datasets showed that the proposed method outperforms previous methods.",
}
@inproceedings{araki-mitamura-2018-open,
    title = "Open-Domain Event Detection using Distant Supervision",
    author = "Araki, Jun  and
      Mitamura, Teruko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1075",
    pages = "878--891",
    abstract = "This paper introduces open-domain event detection, a new event detection paradigm to address issues of prior work on restricted domains and event annotation. The goal is to detect all kinds of events regardless of domains. Given the absence of training data, we propose a distant supervision method that is able to generate high-quality training data. Using a manually annotated event corpus as gold standard, our experiments show that despite no direct supervision, the model outperforms supervised models. This result indicates that the distant supervision enables robust event detection in various domains, while obviating the need for human annotation of events.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2018-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Lexicon Learning for Wide-Coverage Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Chen, Bo  and
      An, Bo  and
      Sun, Le  and
      Han, Xianpei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1076",
    pages = "892--904",
    abstract = "Semantic parsers critically rely on accurate and high-coverage lexicons. However, traditional semantic parsers usually utilize annotated logical forms to learn the lexicon, which often suffer from the lexicon coverage problem. In this paper, we propose a graph-based semi-supervised learning framework that makes use of large text corpora and lexical resources. This framework first constructs a graph with a phrase similarity model learned by utilizing many text corpora and lexical resources. Next, graph propagation algorithm identifies the label distribution of unlabeled phrases from labeled ones. We evaluate our approach on two benchmarks: Webquestions and Free917. The results show that, in both datasets, our method achieves substantial improvement when comparing to the base system that does not utilize the learned lexicon, and gains competitive results when comparing to state-of-the-art systems.",
}
@inproceedings{shafieibavani-etal-2018-summarization,
    title = "Summarization Evaluation in the Absence of Human Model Summaries Using the Compositionality of Word Embeddings",
    author = "ShafieiBavani, Elaheh  and
      Ebrahimi, Mohammad  and
      Wong, Raymond  and
      Chen, Fang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1077",
    pages = "905--914",
    abstract = "We present a new summary evaluation approach that does not require human model summaries. Our approach exploits the compositional capabilities of corpus-based and lexical resource-based word embeddings to develop the features reflecting coverage, diversity, informativeness, and coherence of summaries. The features are then used to train a learning model for predicting the summary content quality in the absence of gold models. We evaluate the proposed metric in replicating the human assigned scores for summarization systems and summaries on data from query-focused and update summarization tasks in TAC 2008 and 2009. The results show that our feature combination provides reliable estimates of summary content quality when model summaries are not available.",
}
@inproceedings{jimenez-zafra-etal-2018-review,
    title = "A review of {S}panish corpora annotated with negation",
    author = "Jim{\'e}nez-Zafra, Salud Mar{\'\i}a  and
      Morante, Roser  and
      Martin, Maite  and
      Ure{\~n}a-L{\'o}pez, L. Alfonso",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1078",
    pages = "915--924",
    abstract = "The availability of corpora annotated with negation information is essential to develop negation processing systems in any language. However, there is a lack of these corpora even for languages like English, and when there are corpora available they are small and the annotations are not always compatible across corpora. In this paper we review the existing corpora annotated with negation in Spanish with the purpose of first, gathering the information to make it available for other researchers and, second, analyzing how compatible are the corpora and how has the linguistic phenomenon been addressed. Our final aim is to develop a supervised negation processing system for Spanish, for which we need training and test data. Our analysis shows that it will not be possible to merge the small corpora existing for Spanish due to lack of compatibility in the annotations.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2018-document,
    title = "Document-level Multi-aspect Sentiment Classification by Jointly Modeling Users, Aspects, and Overall Ratings",
    author = "Li, Junjie  and
      Yang, Haitong  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1079",
    pages = "925--936",
    abstract = "Document-level multi-aspect sentiment classification aims to predict user{'}s sentiment polarities for different aspects of a product in a review. Existing approaches mainly focus on text information. However, the authors (i.e. users) and overall ratings of reviews are ignored, both of which are proved to be significant on interpreting the sentiments of different aspects in this paper. Therefore, we propose a model called Hierarchical User Aspect Rating Network (HUARN) to consider user preference and overall ratings jointly. Specifically, HUARN adopts a hierarchical architecture to encode word, sentence, and document level information. Then, user attention and aspect attention are introduced into building sentence and document level representation. The document representation is combined with user and overall rating information to predict aspect ratings of a review. Diverse aspects are treated differently and a multi-task framework is adopted. Empirical results on two real-world datasets show that HUARN achieves state-of-the-art performances.",
}
@inproceedings{hazem-morin-2018-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Meta-Embeddings for Bilingual Lexicon Extraction from Specialized Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Hazem, Amir  and
      Morin, Emmanuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1080",
    pages = "937--949",
    abstract = "Recent evaluations on bilingual lexicon extraction from specialized comparable corpora have shown contrasted performance while using word embedding models. This can be partially explained by the lack of large specialized comparable corpora to build efficient representations. Within this context, we try to answer the following questions: First, (i) among the state-of-the-art embedding models, whether trained on specialized corpora or pre-trained on large general data sets, which one is the most appropriate model for bilingual terminology extraction? Second (ii) is it worth it to combine multiple embeddings trained on different data sets? For that purpose, we propose the first systematic evaluation of different word embedding models for bilingual terminology extraction from specialized comparable corpora. We emphasize how the character-based embedding model outperforms other models on the quality of the extracted bilingual lexicons. Further more, we propose a new efficient way to combine different embedding models learned from specialized and general-domain data sets. Our approach leads to higher performance than the best individual embedding model.",
}
@inproceedings{agrawal-etal-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning Emotion-enriched Word Representations",
    author = "Agrawal, Ameeta  and
      An, Aijun  and
      Papagelis, Manos",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1081",
    pages = "950--961",
    abstract = "Most word representation learning methods are based on the distributional hypothesis in linguistics, according to which words that are used and occur in the same contexts tend to possess similar meanings. As a consequence, emotionally dissimilar words, such as {``}happy{''} and {``}sad{''} occurring in similar contexts would purport more similar meaning than emotionally similar words, such as {``}happy{''} and {``}joy{''}. This complication leads to rather undesirable outcome in predictive tasks that relate to affect (emotional state), such as emotion classification and emotion similarity. In order to address this limitation, we propose a novel method of obtaining emotion-enriched word representations, which projects emotionally similar words into neighboring spaces and emotionally dissimilar ones far apart. The proposed approach leverages distant supervision to automatically obtain a large training dataset of text documents and two recurrent neural network architectures for learning the emotion-enriched representations. Through extensive evaluation on two tasks, including emotion classification and emotion similarity, we demonstrate that the proposed representations outperform several competitive general-purpose and affective word representations.",
}
@inproceedings{van-der-lee-etal-2018-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating the text quality, human likeness and tailoring component of {PASS}: A {D}utch data-to-text system for soccer",
    author = "van der Lee, Chris  and
      Verduijn, Bart  and
      Krahmer, Emiel  and
      Wubben, Sander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1082",
    pages = "962--972",
    abstract = "We present an evaluation of PASS, a data-to-text system that generates Dutch soccer reports from match statistics which are automatically tailored towards fans of one club or the other. The evaluation in this paper consists of two studies. An intrinsic human-based evaluation of the system{'}s output is described in the first study. In this study it was found that compared to human-written texts, computer-generated texts were rated slightly lower on style-related text components (fluency and clarity) and slightly higher in terms of the correctness of given information. Furthermore, results from the first study showed that tailoring was accurately recognized in most cases, and that participants struggled with correctly identifying whether a text was written by a human or computer. The second study investigated if tailoring affects perceived text quality, for which no results were garnered. This lack of results might be due to negative preconceptions about computer-generated texts which were found in the first study.",
}
@inproceedings{nakanishi-etal-2018-answerable,
    title = "Answerable or Not: Devising a Dataset for Extending Machine Reading Comprehension",
    author = "Nakanishi, Mao  and
      Kobayashi, Tetsunori  and
      Hayashi, Yoshihiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1083",
    pages = "973--983",
    abstract = "Machine-reading comprehension (MRC) has recently attracted attention in the fields of natural language processing and machine learning. One of the problematic presumptions with current MRC technologies is that each question is assumed to be answerable by looking at a given text passage. However, to realize human-like language comprehension ability, a machine should also be able to distinguish not-answerable questions (NAQs) from answerable questions. To develop this functionality, a dataset incorporating hard-to-detect NAQs is vital; however, its manual construction would be expensive. This paper proposes a dataset creation method that alters an existing MRC dataset, the Stanford Question Answering Dataset, and describes the resulting dataset. The value of this dataset is likely to increase if each NAQ in the dataset is properly classified with the difficulty of identifying it as an NAQ. This difficulty level would allow researchers to evaluate a machine{'}s NAQ detection performance more precisely. Therefore, we propose a method for automatically assigning difficulty level labels, which measures the similarity between a question and the target text passage. Our NAQ detection experiments demonstrate that the resulting dataset, having difficulty level annotations, is valid and potentially useful in the development of advanced MRC models.",
}
@inproceedings{emmery-etal-2018-style,
    title = "Style Obfuscation by Invariance",
    author = "Emmery, Chris  and
      Manjavacas Arevalo, Enrique  and
      Chrupa{\l}a, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1084",
    pages = "984--996",
    abstract = "The task of obfuscating writing style using sequence models has previously been investigated under the framework of obfuscation-by-transfer, where the input text is explicitly rewritten in another style. A side effect of this framework are the frequent major alterations to the semantic content of the input. In this work, we propose obfuscation-by-invariance, and investigate to what extent models trained to be explicitly style-invariant preserve semantics. We evaluate our architectures in parallel and non-parallel settings, and compare automatic and human evaluations on the obfuscated sentences. Our experiments show that the performance of a style classifier can be reduced to chance level, while the output is evaluated to be of equal quality to models applying style-transfer. Additionally, human evaluation indicates a trade-off between the level of obfuscation and the observed quality of the output in terms of meaning preservation and grammaticality.",
}
@inproceedings{ye-etal-2018-encoding,
    title = "Encoding Sentiment Information into Word Vectors for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Ye, Zhe  and
      Li, Fang  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1085",
    pages = "997--1007",
    abstract = "General-purpose pre-trained word embeddings have become a mainstay of natural language processing, and more recently, methods have been proposed to encode external knowledge into word embeddings to benefit specific downstream tasks. The goal of this paper is to encode sentiment knowledge into pre-trained word vectors to improve the performance of sentiment analysis. Our proposed method is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and an external sentiment lexicon. Experiments on four popular sentiment analysis datasets show that this method improves the accuracy of sentiment analysis compared to a number of benchmark methods.",
}
@inproceedings{niu-etal-2018-multi,
    title = "Multi-Task Neural Models for Translating Between Styles Within and Across Languages",
    author = "Niu, Xing  and
      Rao, Sudha  and
      Carpuat, Marine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1086",
    pages = "1008--1021",
    abstract = "Generating natural language requires conveying content in an appropriate style. We explore two related tasks on generating text of varying formality: monolingual formality transfer and formality-sensitive machine translation. We propose to solve these tasks jointly using multi-task learning, and show that our models achieve state-of-the-art performance for formality transfer and are able to perform formality-sensitive translation without being explicitly trained on style-annotated translation examples.",
}
@inproceedings{prolo-2018-towards,
    title = "Towards a Language for Natural Language Treebank Transductions",
    author = "Prolo, Carlos A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1087",
    pages = "1022--1032",
    abstract = "This paper describes a transduction language suitable for natural language treebank transformations and motivates its application to tasks that have been used and described in the literature. The language, which is the basis for a tree transduction tool allows for clean, precise and concise description of what has been very confusingly, ambiguously, and incompletely textually described in the literature also allowing easy non-hard-coded implementation. We also aim at getting feedback from the NLP community to eventually converge to a de facto standard for such transduction language.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2018-generating,
    title = "Generating Reasonable and Diversified Story Ending Using Sequence to Sequence Model with Adversarial Training",
    author = "Li, Zhongyang  and
      Ding, Xiao  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1088",
    pages = "1033--1043",
    abstract = "Story generation is a challenging problem in artificial intelligence (AI) and has received a lot of interests in the natural language processing (NLP) community. Most previous work tried to solve this problem using Sequence to Sequence (Seq2Seq) model trained with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). However, the pure MLE training objective much limits the power of Seq2Seq model in generating high-quality storys. In this paper, we propose using adversarial training augmented Seq2Seq model to generate reasonable and diversified story endings given a story context. Our model includes a generator that defines the policy of generating a story ending, and a discriminator that labels story endings as human-generated or machine-generated. Carefully designed human and automatic evaluation metrics demonstrate that our adversarial training augmented Seq2Seq model can generate more reasonable and diversified story endings compared to purely MLE-trained Seq2Seq model. Moreover, our model achieves better performance on the task of Story Cloze Test with an accuracy of 62.6{\%} compared with state-of-the-art baseline methods.",
}
@inproceedings{li-wan-2018-point,
    title = "Point Precisely: Towards Ensuring the Precision of Data in Generated Texts Using Delayed Copy Mechanism",
    author = "Li, Liunian  and
      Wan, Xiaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1089",
    pages = "1044--1055",
    abstract = "The task of data-to-text generation aims to generate descriptive texts conditioned on a number of database records, and recent neural models have shown significant progress on this task. The attention based encoder-decoder models with copy mechanism have achieved state-of-the-art results on a few data-to-text datasets. However, such models still face the problem of putting incorrect data records in the generated texts, especially on some more challenging datasets like RotoWire. In this paper, we propose a two-stage approach with a delayed copy mechanism to improve the precision of data records in the generated texts. Our approach first adopts an encoder-decoder model to generate a template text with data slots to be filled and then leverages a proposed delayed copy mechanism to fill in the slots with proper data records. Our delayed copy mechanism can take into account all the information of the input data records and the full generated template text by using double attention, position-aware attention and a pairwise ranking loss. The two models in the two stages are trained separately. Evaluation results on the RotoWire dataset verify the efficacy of our proposed approach to generate better templates and copy data records more precisely.",
}
@inproceedings{kreutz-daelemans-2018-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing General Sentiment Lexicons for Domain-Specific Use",
    author = "Kreutz, Tim  and
      Daelemans, Walter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1090",
    pages = "1056--1064",
    abstract = "Lexicon based methods for sentiment analysis rely on high quality polarity lexicons. In recent years, automatic methods for inducing lexicons have increased the viability of lexicon based methods for polarity classification. SentProp is a framework for inducing domain-specific polarities from word embeddings. We elaborate on SentProp by evaluating its use for enhancing DuOMan, a general-purpose lexicon, for use in the political domain. By adding only top sentiment bearing words from the vocabulary and applying small polarity shifts in the general-purpose lexicon, we increase accuracy in an in-domain classification task. The enhanced lexicon performs worse than the original lexicon in an out-domain task, showing that the words we added and the polarity shifts we applied are domain-specific and do not translate well to an out-domain setting.",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2018-operation,
    title = "An Operation Network for Abstractive Sentence Compression",
    author = "Yu, Naitong  and
      Zhang, Jie  and
      Huang, Minlie  and
      Zhu, Xiaoyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1091",
    pages = "1065--1076",
    abstract = "Sentence compression condenses a sentence while preserving its most important contents. Delete-based models have the strong ability to delete undesired words, while generate-based models are able to reorder or rephrase the words, which are more coherent to human sentence compression. In this paper, we propose Operation Network, a neural network approach for abstractive sentence compression, which combines the advantages of both delete-based and generate-based sentence compression models. The central idea of Operation Network is to model the sentence compression process as an editing procedure. First, unnecessary words are deleted from the source sentence, then new words are either generated from a large vocabulary or copied directly from the source sentence. A compressed sentence can be obtained by a series of such edit operations (delete, copy and generate). Experiments show that Operation Network outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-qian-2018-enhanced,
    title = "Enhanced Aspect Level Sentiment Classification with Auxiliary Memory",
    author = "Zhu, Peisong  and
      Qian, Tieyun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1092",
    pages = "1077--1087",
    abstract = "In aspect level sentiment classification, there are two common tasks: to identify the sentiment of an aspect (category) or a term. As specific instances of aspects, terms explicitly occur in sentences. It is beneficial for models to focus on nearby context words. In contrast, as high level semantic concepts of terms, aspects usually have more generalizable representations. However, conventional methods cannot utilize the information of aspects and terms at the same time, because few datasets are annotated with both aspects and terms. In this paper, we propose a novel deep memory network with auxiliary memory to address this problem. In our model, a main memory is used to capture the important context words for sentiment classification. In addition, we build an auxiliary memory to implicitly convert aspects and terms to each other, and feed both of them to the main memory. With the interaction between two memories, the features of aspects and terms can be learnt simultaneously. We compare our model with the state-of-the-art methods on four datasets from different domains. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.",
}
@inproceedings{mishra-etal-2018-author,
    title = "Author Profiling for Abuse Detection",
    author = "Mishra, Pushkar  and
      Del Tredici, Marco  and
      Yannakoudakis, Helen  and
      Shutova, Ekaterina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1093",
    pages = "1088--1098",
    abstract = "The rapid growth of social media in recent years has fed into some highly undesirable phenomena such as proliferation of hateful and offensive language on the Internet. Previous research suggests that such abusive content tends to come from users who share a set of common stereotypes and form communities around them. The current state-of-the-art approaches to abuse detection are oblivious to user and community information and rely entirely on textual (i.e., lexical and semantic) cues. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to this problem that incorporates community-based profiling features of Twitter users. Experimenting with a dataset of 16k tweets, we show that our methods significantly outperform the current state of the art in abuse detection. Further, we conduct a qualitative analysis of model characteristics. We release our code, pre-trained models and all the resources used in the public domain.",
}
@inproceedings{madnani-cahill-2018-automated,
    title = "Automated Scoring: Beyond Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Madnani, Nitin  and
      Cahill, Aoife",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1094",
    pages = "1099--1109",
    abstract = "In this position paper, we argue that building operational automated scoring systems is a task that has disciplinary complexity above and beyond standard competitive shared tasks which usually involve applying the latest machine learning techniques to publicly available data in order to obtain the best accuracy. Automated scoring systems warrant significant cross-discipline collaboration of which natural language processing and machine learning are just two of many important components. Such systems have multiple stakeholders with different but valid perspectives that can often times be at odds with each other. Our position is that it is essential for us as NLP researchers to understand and incorporate these perspectives in our research and work towards a mutually satisfactory solution in order to build automated scoring systems that are accurate, fair, unbiased, and useful.",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2018-aspect,
    title = "Aspect and Sentiment Aware Abstractive Review Summarization",
    author = "Yang, Min  and
      Qu, Qiang  and
      Shen, Ying  and
      Liu, Qiao  and
      Zhao, Wei  and
      Zhu, Jia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1095",
    pages = "1110--1120",
    abstract = "Review text has been widely studied in traditional tasks such as sentiment analysis and aspect extraction. However, to date, no work is towards the abstractive review summarization that is essential for business organizations and individual consumers to make informed decisions. This work takes the lead to study the aspect/sentiment-aware abstractive review summarization by exploring multi-factor attentions. Specifically, we propose an interactive attention mechanism to interactively learns the representations of context words, sentiment words and aspect words within the reviews, acted as an encoder. The learned sentiment and aspect representations are incorporated into the decoder to generate aspect/sentiment-aware review summaries via an attention fusion network. In addition, the abstractive summarizer is jointly trained with the text categorization task, which helps learn a category-specific text encoder, locating salient aspect information and exploring the variations of style and wording of content with respect to different text categories. The experimental results on a real-life dataset demonstrate that our model achieves impressive results compared to other strong competitors.",
}
@inproceedings{he-etal-2018-effective,
    title = "Effective Attention Modeling for Aspect-Level Sentiment Classification",
    author = "He, Ruidan  and
      Lee, Wee Sun  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Dahlmeier, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1096",
    pages = "1121--1131",
    abstract = "Aspect-level sentiment classification aims to determine the sentiment polarity of a review sentence towards an opinion target. A sentence could contain multiple sentiment-target pairs; thus the main challenge of this task is to separate different opinion contexts for different targets. To this end, attention mechanism has played an important role in previous state-of-the-art neural models. The mechanism is able to capture the importance of each context word towards a target by modeling their semantic associations. We build upon this line of research and propose two novel approaches for improving the effectiveness of attention. First, we propose a method for target representation that better captures the semantic meaning of the opinion target. Second, we introduce an attention model that incorporates syntactic information into the attention mechanism. We experiment on attention-based LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) models using the datasets from SemEval 2014, 2015, and 2016. The experimental results show that the conventional attention-based LSTM can be substantially improved by incorporating the two approaches.",
}
@inproceedings{moore-rayson-2018-bringing,
    title = "Bringing replication and reproduction together with generalisability in {NLP}: Three reproduction studies for Target Dependent Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Moore, Andrew  and
      Rayson, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1097",
    pages = "1132--1144",
    abstract = "Lack of repeatability and generalisability are two significant threats to continuing scientific development in Natural Language Processing. Language models and learning methods are so complex that scientific conference papers no longer contain enough space for the technical depth required for replication or reproduction. Taking Target Dependent Sentiment Analysis as a case study, we show how recent work in the field has not consistently released code, or described settings for learning methods in enough detail, and lacks comparability and generalisability in train, test or validation data. To investigate generalisability and to enable state of the art comparative evaluations, we carry out the first reproduction studies of three groups of complementary methods and perform the first large-scale mass evaluation on six different English datasets. Reflecting on our experiences, we recommend that future replication or reproduction experiments should always consider a variety of datasets alongside documenting and releasing their methods and published code in order to minimise the barriers to both repeatability and generalisability. We have released our code with a model zoo on GitHub with Jupyter Notebooks to aid understanding and full documentation, and we recommend that others do the same with their papers at submission time through an anonymised GitHub account.",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-etal-2018-multilevel,
    title = "Multilevel Heuristics for Rationale-Based Entity Relation Classification in Sentences",
    author = "Hsu, Shiou Tian  and
      Chaudhary, Mandar  and
      Samatova, Nagiza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1098",
    pages = "1145--1155",
    abstract = "Rationale-based models provide a unique way to provide justifiable results for relation classification models by identifying rationales (key words and phrases that a person can use to justify the relation in the sentence) during the process. However, existing generative networks used to extract rationales come with a trade-off between extracting diversified rationales and achieving good classification results. In this paper, we propose a multilevel heuristic approach to regulate rationale extraction to avoid extracting monotonous rationales without compromising classification performance. In our model, rationale selection is regularized by a semi-supervised process and features from different levels: word, syntax, sentence, and corpus. We evaluate our approach on the SemEval 2010 dataset that includes 19 relation classes and the quality of extracted rationales with our manually-labeled rationales. Experiments show a significant improvement in classification performance and a 20{\%} gain in rationale interpretability compared to state-of-the-art approaches.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-adversarial,
    title = "Adversarial Multi-lingual Neural Relation Extraction",
    author = "Wang, Xiaozhi  and
      Han, Xu  and
      Lin, Yankai  and
      Liu, Zhiyuan  and
      Sun, Maosong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1099",
    pages = "1156--1166",
    abstract = "Multi-lingual relation extraction aims to find unknown relational facts from text in various languages. Existing models cannot well capture the consistency and diversity of relation patterns in different languages. To address these issues, we propose an adversarial multi-lingual neural relation extraction (AMNRE) model, which builds both consistent and individual representations for each sentence to consider the consistency and diversity among languages. Further, we adopt an adversarial training strategy to ensure those consistent sentence representations could effectively extract the language-consistent relation patterns. The experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that our AMNRE model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art models. The source code of this paper can be obtained from https://github.com/thunlp/AMNRE.",
}
@inproceedings{ren-etal-2018-neural,
    title = "Neural Relation Classification with Text Descriptions",
    author = "Ren, Feiliang  and
      Zhou, Di  and
      Liu, Zhihui  and
      Li, Yongcheng  and
      Zhao, Rongsheng  and
      Liu, Yongkang  and
      Liang, Xiaobo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1100",
    pages = "1167--1177",
    abstract = "Relation classification is an important task in natural language processing fields. State-of-the-art methods usually concentrate on building deep neural networks based classification models on the training data in which the relations of the labeled entity pairs are given. However, these methods usually suffer from the data sparsity issue greatly. On the other hand, we notice that it is very easily to obtain some concise text descriptions for almost all of the entities in a relation classification task. The text descriptions can provide helpful supplementary information for relation classification. But they are ignored by most of existing methods. In this paper, we propose DesRC, a new neural relation classification method which integrates entities{'} text descriptions into deep neural networks models. We design a two-level attention mechanism to select the most useful information from the {``}intra-sentence{''} aspect and the {``}cross-sentence{''} aspect. Besides, the adversarial training method is also used to further improve the classification per-formance. Finally, we evaluate the proposed method on the SemEval 2010 dataset. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves much better experimental results than other state-of-the-art relation classification methods.",
}
@inproceedings{liao-etal-2018-abstract,
    title = "Abstract Meaning Representation for Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Liao, Kexin  and
      Lebanoff, Logan  and
      Liu, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1101",
    pages = "1178--1190",
    abstract = "Generating an abstract from a collection of documents is a desirable capability for many real-world applications. However, abstractive approaches to multi-document summarization have not been thoroughly investigated. This paper studies the feasibility of using Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR), a semantic representation of natural language grounded in linguistic theory, as a form of content representation. Our approach condenses source documents to a set of summary graphs following the AMR formalism. The summary graphs are then transformed to a set of summary sentences in a surface realization step. The framework is fully data-driven and flexible. Each component can be optimized independently using small-scale, in-domain training data. We perform experiments on benchmark summarization datasets and report promising results. We also describe opportunities and challenges for advancing this line of research.",
}
@inproceedings{nayeem-etal-2018-abstractive,
    title = "Abstractive Unsupervised Multi-Document Summarization using Paraphrastic Sentence Fusion",
    author = "Nayeem, Mir Tafseer  and
      Fuad, Tanvir Ahmed  and
      Chali, Yllias",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1102",
    pages = "1191--1204",
    abstract = "In this work, we aim at developing an unsupervised abstractive summarization system in the multi-document setting. We design a paraphrastic sentence fusion model which jointly performs sentence fusion and paraphrasing using skip-gram word embedding model at the sentence level. Our model improves the information coverage and at the same time abstractiveness of the generated sentences. We conduct our experiments on the human-generated multi-sentence compression datasets and evaluate our system on several newly proposed Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metrics. Furthermore, we apply our sentence level model to implement an abstractive multi-document summarization system where documents usually contain a related set of sentences. We also propose an optimal solution for the classical summary length limit problem which was not addressed in the past research. For the document level summary, we conduct experiments on the datasets of two different domains (e.g., news article and user reviews) which are well suited for multi-document abstractive summarization. Our experiments demonstrate that the methods bring significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods.",
}
@inproceedings{tran-nguyen-2018-adversarial,
    title = "Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Variational Neural Language Generation in Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Tran, Van-Khanh  and
      Nguyen, Le-Minh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1103",
    pages = "1205--1217",
    abstract = "Domain Adaptation arises when we aim at learning from source domain a model that can perform acceptably well on a different target domain. It is especially crucial for Natural Language Generation (NLG) in Spoken Dialogue Systems when there are sufficient annotated data in the source domain, but there is a limited labeled data in the target domain. How to effectively utilize as much of existing abilities from source domains is a crucial issue in domain adaptation. In this paper, we propose an adversarial training procedure to train a Variational encoder-decoder based language generator via multiple adaptation steps. In this procedure, a model is first trained on a source domain data and then fine-tuned on a small set of target domain utterances under the guidance of two proposed critics. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively leverage the existing knowledge in the source domain to adapt to another related domain by using only a small amount of in-domain data.",
}
@inproceedings{shekhar-etal-2018-ask,
    title = "Ask No More: Deciding when to guess in referential visual dialogue",
    author = {Shekhar, Ravi  and
      Baumg{\"a}rtner, Tim  and
      Venkatesh, Aashish  and
      Bruni, Elia  and
      Bernardi, Raffaella  and
      Fernandez, Raquel},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1104",
    pages = "1218--1233",
    abstract = "Our goal is to explore how the abilities brought in by a dialogue manager can be included in end-to-end visually grounded conversational agents. We make initial steps towards this general goal by augmenting a task-oriented visual dialogue model with a decision-making component that decides whether to ask a follow-up question to identify a target referent in an image, or to stop the conversation to make a guess. Our analyses show that adding a decision making component produces dialogues that are less repetitive and that include fewer unnecessary questions, thus potentially leading to more efficient and less unnatural interactions.",
}
@inproceedings{hou-etal-2018-sequence,
    title = "Sequence-to-Sequence Data Augmentation for Dialogue Language Understanding",
    author = "Hou, Yutai  and
      Liu, Yijia  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1105",
    pages = "1234--1245",
    abstract = "In this paper, we study the problem of data augmentation for language understanding in task-oriented dialogue system. In contrast to previous work which augments an utterance without considering its relation with other utterances, we propose a sequence-to-sequence generation based data augmentation framework that leverages one utterance{'}s same semantic alternatives in the training data. A novel diversity rank is incorporated into the utterance representation to make the model produce diverse utterances and these diversely augmented utterances help to improve the language understanding module. Experimental results on the Airline Travel Information System dataset and a newly created semantic frame annotation on Stanford Multi-turn, Multi-domain Dialogue Dataset show that our framework achieves significant improvements of 6.38 and 10.04 F-scores respectively when only a training set of hundreds utterances is represented. Case studies also confirm that our method generates diverse utterances.",
}
@inproceedings{kumar-etal-2018-dialogue,
    title = "Dialogue-act-driven Conversation Model : An Experimental Study",
    author = "Kumar, Harshit  and
      Agarwal, Arvind  and
      Joshi, Sachindra",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1106",
    pages = "1246--1256",
    abstract = "The utility of additional semantic information for the task of next utterance selection in an automated dialogue system is the focus of study in this paper. In particular, we show that additional information available in the form of dialogue acts {--}when used along with context given in the form of dialogue history{--} improves the performance irrespective of the underlying model being generative or discriminative. In order to show the model agnostic behavior of dialogue acts, we experiment with several well-known models such as sequence-to-sequence encoder-decoder model, hierarchical encoder-decoder model, and Siamese-based models with and without hierarchy; and show that in all models, incorporating dialogue acts improves the performance by a significant margin. We, furthermore, propose a novel way of encoding dialogue act information, and use it along with hierarchical encoder to build a model that can use the sequential dialogue act information in a natural way. Our proposed model achieves an MRR of about 84.8{\%} for the task of next utterance selection on a newly introduced Daily Dialogue dataset, and outperform the baseline models. We also provide a detailed analysis of results including key insights that explain the improvement in MRR because of dialog act information.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2018-structured,
    title = "Structured Dialogue Policy with Graph Neural Networks",
    author = "Chen, Lu  and
      Tan, Bowen  and
      Long, Sishan  and
      Yu, Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1107",
    pages = "1257--1268",
    abstract = "Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been used for dialogue policy optimization. However, many DRL-based policies are not sample-efficient. Most recent advances focus on improving DRL optimization algorithms to address this issue. Here, we take an alternative route of designing neural network structure that is better suited for DRL-based dialogue management. The proposed structured deep reinforcement learning is based on graph neural networks (GNN), which consists of some sub-networks, each one for a node on a directed graph. The graph is defined according to the domain ontology and each node can be considered as a sub-agent. During decision making, these sub-agents have internal message exchange between neighbors on the graph. We also propose an approach to jointly optimize the graph structure as well as the parameters of GNN. Experiments show that structured DRL significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art approaches in almost all of the 18 tasks of the PyDial benchmark.",
}
@inproceedings{liang-etal-2018-jtav,
    title = "{JTAV}: Jointly Learning Social Media Content Representation by Fusing Textual, Acoustic, and Visual Features",
    author = "Liang, Hongru  and
      Wang, Haozheng  and
      Wang, Jun  and
      You, Shaodi  and
      Sun, Zhe  and
      Wei, Jin-Mao  and
      Yang, Zhenglu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1108",
    pages = "1269--1280",
    abstract = "Learning social media content is the basis of many real-world applications, including information retrieval and recommendation systems, among others. In contrast with previous works that focus mainly on single modal or bi-modal learning, we propose to learn social media content by fusing jointly textual, acoustic, and visual information (JTAV). Effective strategies are proposed to extract fine-grained features of each modality, that is, attBiGRU and DCRNN. We also introduce cross-modal fusion and attentive pooling techniques to integrate multi-modal information comprehensively. Extensive experimental evaluation conducted on real-world datasets demonstrate our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches by a large margin.",
}
@inproceedings{zou-etal-2018-memd,
    title = "{MEMD}: A Diversity-Promoting Learning Framework for Short-Text Conversation",
    author = "Zou, Meng  and
      Li, Xihan  and
      Liu, Haokun  and
      Deng, Zhihong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1109",
    pages = "1281--1291",
    abstract = "Neural encoder-decoder models have been widely applied to conversational response generation, which is a research hot spot in recent years. However, conventional neural encoder-decoder models tend to generate commonplace responses like {``}I don{'}t know{''} regardless of what the input is. In this paper, we analyze this problem from a new perspective: latent vectors. Based on it, we propose an easy-to-extend learning framework named MEMD (Multi-Encoder to Multi-Decoder), in which an auxiliary encoder and an auxiliary decoder are introduced to provide necessary training guidance without resorting to extra data or complicating network{'}s inner structure. Experimental results demonstrate that our method effectively improve the quality of generated responses according to automatic metrics and human evaluations, yielding more diverse and smooth replies.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2018-refining,
    title = "Refining Source Representations with Relation Networks for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhang, Wen  and
      Hu, Jiawei  and
      Feng, Yang  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1110",
    pages = "1292--1303",
    abstract = "Although neural machine translation with the encoder-decoder framework has achieved great success recently, it still suffers drawbacks of forgetting distant information, which is an inherent disadvantage of recurrent neural network structure, and disregarding relationship between source words during encoding step. Whereas in practice, the former information and relationship are often useful in current step. We target on solving these problems and thus introduce relation networks to learn better representations of the source. The relation networks are able to facilitate memorization capability of recurrent neural network via associating source words with each other, this would also help retain their relationships. Then the source representations and all the relations are fed into the attention component together while decoding, with the main encoder-decoder framework unchanged. Experiments on several datasets show that our method can improve the translation performance significantly over the conventional encoder-decoder model and even outperform the approach involving supervised syntactic knowledge.",
}
@inproceedings{chu-wang-2018-survey,
    title = "A Survey of Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Chu, Chenhui  and
      Wang, Rui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1111",
    pages = "1304--1319",
    abstract = "Neural machine translation (NMT) is a deep learning based approach for machine translation, which yields the state-of-the-art translation performance in scenarios where large-scale parallel corpora are available. Although the high-quality and domain-specific translation is crucial in the real world, domain-specific corpora are usually scarce or nonexistent, and thus vanilla NMT performs poorly in such scenarios. Domain adaptation that leverages both out-of-domain parallel corpora as well as monolingual corpora for in-domain translation, is very important for domain-specific translation. In this paper, we give a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art domain adaptation techniques for NMT.",
}
@inproceedings{tang-etal-2018-evaluation,
    title = "An Evaluation of Neural Machine Translation Models on Historical Spelling Normalization",
    author = "Tang, Gongbo  and
      Cap, Fabienne  and
      Pettersson, Eva  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1112",
    pages = "1320--1331",
    abstract = "In this paper, we apply different NMT models to the problem of historical spelling normalization for five languages: English, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Swedish. The NMT models are at different levels, have different attention mechanisms, and different neural network architectures. Our results show that NMT models are much better than SMT models in terms of character error rate. The vanilla RNNs are competitive to GRUs/LSTMs in historical spelling normalization. Transformer models perform better only when provided with more training data. We also find that subword-level models with a small subword vocabulary are better than character-level models. In addition, we propose a hybrid method which further improves the performance of historical spelling normalization.",
}
@inproceedings{salameh-etal-2018-fine,
    title = "Fine-Grained {A}rabic Dialect Identification",
    author = "Salameh, Mohammad  and
      Bouamor, Houda  and
      Habash, Nizar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1113",
    pages = "1332--1344",
    abstract = "Previous work on the problem of Arabic Dialect Identification typically targeted coarse-grained five dialect classes plus Standard Arabic (6-way classification). This paper presents the first results on a fine-grained dialect classification task covering 25 specific cities from across the Arab World, in addition to Standard Arabic {--} a very challenging task. We build several classification systems and explore a large space of features. Our results show that we can identify the exact city of a speaker at an accuracy of 67.9{\%} for sentences with an average length of 7 words (a 9{\%} relative error reduction over the state-of-the-art technique for Arabic dialect identification) and reach more than 90{\%} when we consider 16 words. We also report on additional insights from a data analysis of similarity and difference across Arabic dialects.",
}
@inproceedings{kim-klinger-2018-feels,
    title = "Who Feels What and Why? Annotation of a Literature Corpus with Semantic Roles of Emotions",
    author = "Kim, Evgeny  and
      Klinger, Roman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1114",
    pages = "1345--1359",
    abstract = "Most approaches to emotion analysis in fictional texts focus on detecting the emotion expressed in text. We argue that this is a simplification which leads to an overgeneralized interpretation of the results, as it does not take into account who experiences an emotion and why. Emotions play a crucial role in the interaction between characters and the events they are involved in. Until today, no specific corpora that capture such an interaction were available for literature. We aim at filling this gap and present a publicly available corpus based on Project Gutenberg, REMAN (Relational EMotion ANnotation), manually annotated for spans which correspond to emotion trigger phrases and entities/events in the roles of experiencers, targets, and causes of the emotion. We provide baseline results for the automatic prediction of these relational structures and show that emotion lexicons are not able to encompass the high variability of emotion expressions and demonstrate that statistical models benefit from joint modeling of emotions with its roles in all subtasks. The corpus that we provide enables future research on the recognition of emotions and associated entities in text. It supports qualitative literary studies and digital humanities. The corpus is available at http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/data/reman .",
}
@inproceedings{ribeiro-etal-2018-local,
    title = "Local String Transduction as Sequence Labeling",
    author = "Ribeiro, Joana  and
      Narayan, Shashi  and
      Cohen, Shay B.  and
      Carreras, Xavier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1115",
    pages = "1360--1371",
    abstract = "We show that the general problem of string transduction can be reduced to the problem of sequence labeling. While character deletion and insertions are allowed in string transduction, they do not exist in sequence labeling. We show how to overcome this difference. Our approach can be used with any sequence labeling algorithm and it works best for problems in which string transduction imposes a strong notion of locality (no long range dependencies). We experiment with spelling correction for social media, OCR correction, and morphological inflection, and we see that it behaves better than seq2seq models and yields state-of-the-art results in several cases.",
}
@inproceedings{aghaebrahimian-2018-deep,
    title = "Deep Neural Networks at the Service of Multilingual Parallel Sentence Extraction",
    author = "Aghaebrahimian, Ahmad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1116",
    pages = "1372--1383",
    abstract = "Wikipedia provides an invaluable source of parallel multilingual data, which are in high demand for various sorts of linguistic inquiry, including both theoretical and practical studies. We introduce a novel end-to-end neural model for large-scale parallel data harvesting from Wikipedia. Our model is language-independent, robust, and highly scalable. We use our system for collecting parallel German-English, French-English and Persian-English sentences. Human evaluations at the end show the strong performance of this model in collecting high-quality parallel data. We also propose a statistical framework which extends the results of our human evaluation to other language pairs. Our model also obtained a state-of-the-art result on the German-English dataset of BUCC 2017 shared task on parallel sentence extraction from comparable corpora.",
}
@inproceedings{kutuzov-etal-2018-diachronic,
    title = "Diachronic word embeddings and semantic shifts: a survey",
    author = "Kutuzov, Andrey  and
      {\O}vrelid, Lilja  and
      Szymanski, Terrence  and
      Velldal, Erik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1117",
    pages = "1384--1397",
    abstract = "Recent years have witnessed a surge of publications aimed at tracing temporal changes in lexical semantics using distributional methods, particularly prediction-based word embedding models. However, this vein of research lacks the cohesion, common terminology and shared practices of more established areas of natural language processing. In this paper, we survey the current state of academic research related to diachronic word embeddings and semantic shifts detection. We start with discussing the notion of semantic shifts, and then continue with an overview of the existing methods for tracing such time-related shifts with word embedding models. We propose several axes along which these methods can be compared, and outline the main challenges before this emerging subfield of NLP, as well as prospects and possible applications.",
}
@inproceedings{he-etal-2018-interaction,
    title = "Interaction-Aware Topic Model for Microblog Conversations through Network Embedding and User Attention",
    author = "He, Ruifang  and
      Zhang, Xuefei  and
      Jin, Di  and
      Wang, Longbiao  and
      Dang, Jianwu  and
      Li, Xiangang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1118",
    pages = "1398--1409",
    abstract = "Traditional topic models are insufficient for topic extraction in social media. The existing methods only consider text information or simultaneously model the posts and the static characteristics of social media. They ignore that one discusses diverse topics when dynamically interacting with different people. Moreover, people who talk about the same topic have different effects on the topic. In this paper, we propose an Interaction-Aware Topic Model (IATM) for microblog conversations by integrating network embedding and user attention. A conversation network linking users based on reposting and replying relationship is constructed to mine the dynamic user behaviours. We model dynamic interactions and user attention so as to learn interaction-aware edge embeddings with social context. Then they are incorporated into neural variational inference for generating the more consistent topics. The experiments on three real-world datasets show that our proposed model is effective.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-cross,
    title = "Cross-media User Profiling with Joint Textual and Social User Embedding",
    author = "Wang, Jingjing  and
      Li, Shoushan  and
      Jiang, Mingqi  and
      Wu, Hanqian  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1119",
    pages = "1410--1420",
    abstract = "In realistic scenarios, a user profiling model (e.g., gender classification or age regression) learned from one social media might perform rather poorly when tested on another social media due to the different data distributions in the two media. In this paper, we address cross-media user profiling by bridging the knowledge between the source and target media with a uniform user embedding learning approach. In our approach, we first construct a cross-media user-word network to capture the relationship among users through the textual information and a modified cross-media user-user network to capture the relationship among users through the social information. Then, we learn user embedding by jointly learning the heterogeneous network composed of above two networks. Finally, we train a classification (or regression) model with the obtained user embeddings as input to perform user profiling. Empirical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to two cross-media user profiling tasks, i.e., cross-media gender classification and cross-media age regression.",
}
@inproceedings{zaremoodi-haffari-2018-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating Syntactic Uncertainty in Neural Machine Translation with a Forest-to-Sequence Model",
    author = "Zaremoodi, Poorya  and
      Haffari, Gholamreza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1120",
    pages = "1421--1429",
    abstract = "Incorporating syntactic information in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) can lead to better reorderings, particularly useful when the language pairs are syntactically highly divergent or when the training bitext is not large. Previous work on using syntactic information, provided by top-1 parse trees generated by (inevitably error-prone) parsers, has been promising. In this paper, we propose a forest-to-sequence NMT model to make use of exponentially many parse trees of the source sentence to compensate for the parser errors. Our method represents the collection of parse trees as a packed forest, and learns a neural transducer to translate from the input forest to the target sentence. Experiments on English to German, Chinese and Farsi translation tasks show the superiority of our approach over the sequence-to-sequence and tree-to-sequence neural translation models.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2018-ensure,
    title = "Ensure the Correctness of the Summary: Incorporate Entailment Knowledge into Abstractive Sentence Summarization",
    author = "Li, Haoran  and
      Zhu, Junnan  and
      Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1121",
    pages = "1430--1441",
    abstract = "In this paper, we investigate the sentence summarization task that produces a summary from a source sentence. Neural sequence-to-sequence models have gained considerable success for this task, while most existing approaches only focus on improving the informativeness of the summary, which ignore the correctness, i.e., the summary should not contain unrelated information with respect to the source sentence. We argue that correctness is an essential requirement for summarization systems. Considering a correct summary is semantically entailed by the source sentence, we incorporate entailment knowledge into abstractive summarization models. We propose an entailment-aware encoder under multi-task framework (i.e., summarization generation and entailment recognition) and an entailment-aware decoder by entailment Reward Augmented Maximum Likelihood (RAML) training. Experiment results demonstrate that our models significantly outperform baselines from the aspects of informativeness and correctness.",
}
@inproceedings{gregoire-langlais-2018-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Parallel Sentences with Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks to Improve Machine Translation",
    author = "Gr{\'e}goire, Francis  and
      Langlais, Philippe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1122",
    pages = "1442--1453",
    abstract = "Parallel sentence extraction is a task addressing the data sparsity problem found in multilingual natural language processing applications. We propose a bidirectional recurrent neural network based approach to extract parallel sentences from collections of multilingual texts. Our experiments with noisy parallel corpora show that we can achieve promising results against a competitive baseline by removing the need of specific feature engineering or additional external resources. To justify the utility of our approach, we extract sentence pairs from Wikipedia articles to train machine translation systems and show significant improvements in translation performance.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2018-fast,
    title = "Fast and Accurate Reordering with {ITG} Transition {RNN}",
    author = "Zhang, Hao  and
      Ng, Axel  and
      Sproat, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1123",
    pages = "1454--1463",
    abstract = "Attention-based sequence-to-sequence neural network models learn to jointly align and translate. The quadratic-time attention mechanism is powerful as it is capable of handling arbitrary long-distance reordering, but computationally expensive. In this paper, towards making neural translation both accurate and efficient, we follow the traditional pre-reordering approach to decouple reordering from translation. We add a reordering RNN that shares the input encoder with the decoder. The RNNs are trained jointly with a multi-task loss function and applied sequentially at inference time. The task of the reordering model is to predict the permutation of the input words following the target language word order. After reordering, the attention in the decoder becomes more peaked and monotonic. For reordering, we adopt the Inversion Transduction Grammars (ITG) and propose a transition system to parse input to trees for reordering. We harness the ITG transition system with RNN. With the modeling power of RNN, we achieve superior reordering accuracy without any feature engineering. In experiments, we apply the model to the task of text normalization. Compared to a strong baseline of attention-based RNN, our ITG RNN re-ordering model can reach the same reordering accuracy with only 1/10 of the training data and is 2.5x faster in decoding.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-neural,
    title = "Neural Machine Translation with Decoding History Enhanced Attention",
    author = "Wang, Mingxuan  and
      Xie, Jun  and
      Tan, Zhixing  and
      Su, Jinsong  and
      Xiong, Deyi  and
      Bian, Chao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1124",
    pages = "1464--1473",
    abstract = "Neural machine translation with source-side attention have achieved remarkable performance. however, there has been little work exploring to attend to the target-side which can potentially enhance the memory capbility of NMT. We reformulate a Decoding History Enhanced Attention mechanism (DHEA) to render NMT model better at selecting both source-side and target-side information. DHA enables dynamic control of the ratios at which source and target contexts contribute to the generation of target words, offering a way to weakly induce structure relations among both source and target tokens. It also allows training errors to be directly back-propagated through short-cut connections and effectively alleviates the gradient vanishing problem. The empirical study on Chinese-English translation shows that our model with proper configuration can improve by 0:9 BLEU upon Transformer and the best reported results in the dataset. On WMT14 English-German task and a larger WMT14 English-French task, our model achieves comparable results with the state-of-the-art.",
}
@inproceedings{granet-etal-2018-transfer,
    title = "Transfer Learning for a Letter-Ngrams to Word Decoder in the Context of Historical Handwriting Recognition with Scarce Resources",
    author = "Granet, Adeline  and
      Morin, Emmanuel  and
      Mouch{\`e}re, Harold  and
      Quiniou, Solen  and
      Viard-Gaudin, Christian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1125",
    pages = "1474--1484",
    abstract = "Lack of data can be an issue when beginning a new study on historical handwritten documents. In order to deal with this, we present the character-based decoder part of a multilingual approach based on transductive transfer learning for a historical handwriting recognition task on Italian Comedy Registers. The decoder must build a sequence of characters that corresponds to a word from a vector of letter-ngrams. As learning data, we created a new dataset from untapped resources that covers the same domain and period of our Italian Comedy data, as well as resources from common domains, periods, or languages. We obtain a 97.42{\%} Character Recognition Rate and a 86.57{\%} Word Recognition Rate on our Italian Comedy data, despite a lexical coverage of 67{\%} between the Italian Comedy data and the training data. These results show that an efficient system can be obtained by a carefully selecting the datasets used for the transfer learning.",
}
@inproceedings{cohan-etal-2018-smhd,
    title = "{SMHD}: a Large-Scale Resource for Exploring Online Language Usage for Multiple Mental Health Conditions",
    author = "Cohan, Arman  and
      Desmet, Bart  and
      Yates, Andrew  and
      Soldaini, Luca  and
      MacAvaney, Sean  and
      Goharian, Nazli",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1126",
    pages = "1485--1497",
    abstract = "Mental health is a significant and growing public health concern. As language usage can be leveraged to obtain crucial insights into mental health conditions, there is a need for large-scale, labeled, mental health-related datasets of users who have been diagnosed with one or more of such conditions. In this paper, we investigate the creation of high-precision patterns to identify self-reported diagnoses of nine different mental health conditions, and obtain high-quality labeled data without the need for manual labelling. We introduce the SMHD (Self-reported Mental Health Diagnoses) dataset and make it available. SMHD is a novel large dataset of social media posts from users with one or multiple mental health conditions along with matched control users. We examine distinctions in users{'} language, as measured by linguistic and psychological variables. We further explore text classification methods to identify individuals with mental conditions through their language.",
}
@inproceedings{potthast-etal-2018-crowdsourcing,
    title = "Crowdsourcing a Large Corpus of Clickbait on Twitter",
    author = "Potthast, Martin  and
      Gollub, Tim  and
      Komlossy, Kristof  and
      Schuster, Sebastian  and
      Wiegmann, Matti  and
      Garces Fernandez, Erika Patricia  and
      Hagen, Matthias  and
      Stein, Benno",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1127",
    pages = "1498--1507",
    abstract = "Clickbait has become a nuisance on social media. To address the urging task of clickbait detection, we constructed a new corpus of 38,517 annotated Twitter tweets, the Webis Clickbait Corpus 2017. To avoid biases in terms of publisher and topic, tweets were sampled from the top 27 most retweeted news publishers, covering a period of 150 days. Each tweet has been annotated on 4-point scale by five annotators recruited at Amazon{'}s Mechanical Turk. The corpus has been employed to evaluate 12 clickbait detectors submitted to the Clickbait Challenge 2017. Download: https://webis.de/data/webis-clickbait-17.html Challenge: https://clickbait-challenge.org",
}
@inproceedings{otani-etal-2018-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Knowledge Projection Using Machine Translation and Target-side Knowledge Base Completion",
    author = "Otani, Naoki  and
      Kiyomaru, Hirokazu  and
      Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1128",
    pages = "1508--1520",
    abstract = "Considerable effort has been devoted to building commonsense knowledge bases. However, they are not available in many languages because the construction of KBs is expensive. To bridge the gap between languages, this paper addresses the problem of projecting the knowledge in English, a resource-rich language, into other languages, where the main challenge lies in projection ambiguity. This ambiguity is partially solved by machine translation and target-side knowledge base completion, but neither of them is adequately reliable by itself. We show their combination can project English commonsense knowledge into Japanese and Chinese with high precision. Our method also achieves a top-10 accuracy of 90{\%} on the crowdsourced English{--}Japanese benchmark. Furthermore, we use our method to obtain 18,747 facts of accurate Japanese commonsense within a very short period.",
}
@inproceedings{cuong-xu-2018-assessing,
    title = "Assessing Quality Estimation Models for Sentence-Level Prediction",
    author = "Cuong, Hoang  and
      Xu, Jia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1129",
    pages = "1521--1533",
    abstract = "This paper provides an evaluation of a wide range of advanced sentence-level Quality Estimation models, including Support Vector Regression, Ride Regression, Neural Networks, Gaussian Processes, Bayesian Neural Networks, Deep Kernel Learning and Deep Gaussian Processes. Beside the accurateness, our main concerns are also the robustness of Quality Estimation models. Our work raises the difficulty in building strong models. Specifically, we show that Quality Estimation models often behave differently in Quality Estimation feature space, depending on whether the scale of feature space is small, medium or large. We also show that Quality Estimation models often behave differently in evaluation settings, depending on whether test data come from the same domain as the training data or not. Our work suggests several strong candidates to use in different circumstances.",
}
@inproceedings{preotiuc-pietro-ungar-2018-user,
    title = "User-Level Race and Ethnicity Predictors from Twitter Text",
    author = "Preo{\c{t}}iuc-Pietro, Daniel  and
      Ungar, Lyle",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1130",
    pages = "1534--1545",
    abstract = "User demographic inference from social media text has the potential to improve a range of downstream applications, including real-time passive polling or quantifying demographic bias. This study focuses on developing models for user-level race and ethnicity prediction. We introduce a data set of users who self-report their race/ethnicity through a survey, in contrast to previous approaches that use distantly supervised data or perceived labels. We develop predictive models from text which accurately predict the membership of a user to the four largest racial and ethnic groups with up to .884 AUC and make these available to the research community.",
}
@inproceedings{karimi-etal-2018-multi,
    title = "Multi-Source Multi-Class Fake News Detection",
    author = "Karimi, Hamid  and
      Roy, Proteek  and
      Saba-Sadiya, Sari  and
      Tang, Jiliang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1131",
    pages = "1546--1557",
    abstract = "Fake news spreading through media outlets poses a real threat to the trustworthiness of information and detecting fake news has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Fake news is typically written intentionally to mislead readers, which determines that fake news detection merely based on news content is tremendously challenging. Meanwhile, fake news could contain true evidence to mock true news and presents different degrees of fakeness, which further exacerbates the detection difficulty. On the other hand, the spread of fake news produces various types of data from different perspectives. These multiple sources provide rich contextual information about fake news and offer unprecedented opportunities for advanced fake news detection. In this paper, we study fake news detection with different degrees of fakeness by integrating multiple sources. In particular, we introduce approaches to combine information from multiple sources and to discriminate between different degrees of fakeness, and propose a Multi-source Multi-class Fake news Detection framework MMFD, which combines automated feature extraction, multi-source fusion and automated degrees of fakeness detection into a coherent and interpretable model. Experimental results on the real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and extensive experiments are further conducted to understand the working of the proposed framework.",
}
@inproceedings{do-dinh-etal-2018-killing,
    title = "Killing Four Birds with Two Stones: Multi-Task Learning for Non-Literal Language Detection",
    author = "Do Dinh, Erik-L{\^a}n  and
      Eger, Steffen  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1132",
    pages = "1558--1569",
    abstract = "Non-literal language phenomena such as idioms or metaphors are commonly studied in isolation from each other in NLP. However, often similar definitions and features are being used for different phenomena, challenging the distinction. Instead, we propose to view the detection problem as a generalized non-literal language classification problem. In this paper we investigate multi-task learning for related non-literal language phenomena. We show that in contrast to simply joining the data of multiple tasks, multi-task learning consistently improves upon four metaphor and idiom detection tasks in two languages, English and German. Comparing two state-of-the-art multi-task learning architectures, we also investigate when soft parameter sharing and learned information flow can be beneficial for our related tasks. We make our adapted code publicly available.",
}
@inproceedings{choudhary-etal-2018-twitter,
    title = "Twitter corpus of Resource-Scarce Languages for Sentiment Analysis and Multilingual Emoji Prediction",
    author = "Choudhary, Nurendra  and
      Singh, Rajat  and
      Anvesh Rao, Vijjini  and
      Shrivastava, Manish",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1133",
    pages = "1570--1577",
    abstract = "In this paper, we leverage social media platforms such as twitter for developing corpus across multiple languages. The corpus creation methodology is applicable for resource-scarce languages provided the speakers of that particular language are active users on social media platforms. We present an approach to extract social media microblogs such as tweets (Twitter). In this paper, we create corpus for multilingual sentiment analysis and emoji prediction in Hindi, Bengali and Telugu. Further, we perform and analyze multiple NLP tasks utilizing the corpus to get interesting observations.",
}
@inproceedings{rama-wichmann-2018-towards,
    title = "Towards identifying the optimal datasize for lexically-based {B}ayesian inference of linguistic phylogenies",
    author = "Rama, Taraka  and
      Wichmann, S{\o}ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1134",
    pages = "1578--1590",
    abstract = "Bayesian linguistic phylogenies are standardly based on cognate matrices for words referring to a fix set of meanings{---}typically around 100-200. To this day there has not been any empirical investigation into which datasize is optimal. Here we determine, across a set of language families, the optimal number of meanings required for the best performance in Bayesian phylogenetic inference. We rank meanings by stability, infer phylogenetic trees using first the most stable meaning, then the two most stable meanings, and so on, computing the quartet distance of the resulting tree to the tree proposed by language family experts at each step of datasize increase. When a gold standard tree is not available we propose to instead compute the quartet distance between the tree based on the n-most stable meaning and the one based on the n + 1-most stable meanings, increasing n from 1 to N − 1, where N is the total number of meanings. The assumption here is that the value of n for which the quartet distance begins to stabilize is also the value at which the quality of the tree ceases to improve. We show that this assumption is borne out. The results of the two methods vary across families, and the optimal number of meanings appears to correlate with the number of languages under consideration.",
}
@inproceedings{del-tredici-fernandez-2018-road,
    title = "The Road to Success: Assessing the Fate of Linguistic Innovations in Online Communities",
    author = "Del Tredici, Marco  and
      Fern{\'a}ndez, Raquel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1135",
    pages = "1591--1603",
    abstract = "We investigate the birth and diffusion of lexical innovations in a large dataset of online social communities. We build on sociolinguistic theories and focus on the relation between the spread of a novel term and the social role of the individuals who use it, uncovering characteristics of innovators and adopters. Finally, we perform a prediction task that allows us to anticipate whether an innovation will successfully spread within a community.",
}
@inproceedings{ciobanu-dinu-2018-ab,
    title = "Ab Initio: Automatic {L}atin Proto-word Reconstruction",
    author = "Ciobanu, Alina Maria  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1136",
    pages = "1604--1614",
    abstract = "Proto-word reconstruction is central to the study of language evolution. It consists of recreating the words in an ancient language from its modern daughter languages. In this paper we investigate automatic word form reconstruction for Latin proto-words. Having modern word forms in multiple Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian), we infer the form of their common Latin ancestors. Our approach relies on the regularities that occurred when the Latin words entered the modern languages. We leverage information from all modern languages, building an ensemble system for proto-word reconstruction. We use conditional random fields for sequence labeling, but we conduct preliminary experiments with recurrent neural networks as well. We apply our method on multiple datasets, showing that our method improves on previous results, having also the advantage of requiring less input data, which is essential in historical linguistics, where resources are generally scarce.",
}
@inproceedings{silfverberg-etal-2018-computational,
    title = "A Computational Model for the Linguistic Notion of Morphological Paradigm",
    author = "Silfverberg, Miikka  and
      Liu, Ling  and
      Hulden, Mans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1137",
    pages = "1615--1626",
    abstract = "In supervised learning of morphological patterns, the strategy of generalizing inflectional tables into more abstract paradigms through alignment of the longest common subsequence found in an inflection table has been proposed as an efficient method to deduce the inflectional behavior of unseen word forms. In this paper, we extend this notion of morphological {`}paradigm{'} from earlier work and provide a formalization that more accurately matches linguist intuitions about what an inflectional paradigm is. Additionally, we propose and evaluate a mechanism for learning full human-readable paradigm specifications from incomplete data{---}a scenario when we only have access to a few inflected forms for each lexeme, and want to reconstruct the missing inflections as well as generalize and group the witnessed patterns into a model of more abstract paradigmatic behavior of lexemes.",
}
@inproceedings{bouraoui-etal-2018-relation,
    title = "Relation Induction in Word Embeddings Revisited",
    author = "Bouraoui, Zied  and
      Jameel, Shoaib  and
      Schockaert, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1138",
    pages = "1627--1637",
    abstract = "Given a set of instances of some relation, the relation induction task is to predict which other word pairs are likely to be related in the same way. While it is natural to use word embeddings for this task, standard approaches based on vector translations turn out to perform poorly. To address this issue, we propose two probabilistic relation induction models. The first model is based on translations, but uses Gaussians to explicitly model the variability of these translations and to encode soft constraints on the source and target words that may be chosen. In the second model, we use Bayesian linear regression to encode the assumption that there is a linear relationship between the vector representations of related words, which is considerably weaker than the assumption underlying translation based models.",
}
@inproceedings{akbik-etal-2018-contextual,
    title = "Contextual String Embeddings for Sequence Labeling",
    author = "Akbik, Alan  and
      Blythe, Duncan  and
      Vollgraf, Roland",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1139",
    pages = "1638--1649",
    abstract = "Recent advances in language modeling using recurrent neural networks have made it viable to model language as distributions over characters. By learning to predict the next character on the basis of previous characters, such models have been shown to automatically internalize linguistic concepts such as words, sentences, subclauses and even sentiment. In this paper, we propose to leverage the internal states of a trained character language model to produce a novel type of word embedding which we refer to as contextual string embeddings. Our proposed embeddings have the distinct properties that they (a) are trained without any explicit notion of words and thus fundamentally model words as sequences of characters, and (b) are contextualized by their surrounding text, meaning that the same word will have different embeddings depending on its contextual use. We conduct a comparative evaluation against previous embeddings and find that our embeddings are highly useful for downstream tasks: across four classic sequence labeling tasks we consistently outperform the previous state-of-the-art. In particular, we significantly outperform previous work on English and German named entity recognition (NER), allowing us to report new state-of-the-art F1-scores on the CoNLL03 shared task. We release all code and pre-trained language models in a simple-to-use framework to the research community, to enable reproduction of these experiments and application of our proposed embeddings to other tasks: https://github.com/zalandoresearch/flair",
}
@inproceedings{bollegala-bao-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning Word Meta-Embeddings by Autoencoding",
    author = "Bollegala, Danushka  and
      Bao, Cong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1140",
    pages = "1650--1661",
    abstract = "Distributed word embeddings have shown superior performances in numerous Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performances vary significantly across different tasks, implying that the word embeddings learnt by those methods capture complementary aspects of lexical semantics. Therefore, we believe that it is important to combine the existing word embeddings to produce more accurate and complete meta-embeddings of words. We model the meta-embedding learning problem as an autoencoding problem, where we would like to learn a meta-embedding space that can accurately reconstruct all source embeddings simultaneously. Thereby, the meta-embedding space is enforced to capture complementary information in different source embeddings via a coherent common embedding space. We propose three flavours of autoencoded meta-embeddings motivated by different requirements that must be satisfied by a meta-embedding. Our experimental results on a series of benchmark evaluations show that the proposed autoencoded meta-embeddings outperform the existing state-of-the-art meta-embeddings in multiple tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2018-gensense,
    title = "{G}en{S}ense: A Generalized Sense Retrofitting Model",
    author = "Lee, Yang-Yin  and
      Yen, Ting-Yu  and
      Huang, Hen-Hsen  and
      Shiue, Yow-Ting  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1141",
    pages = "1662--1671",
    abstract = "With the aid of recently proposed word embedding algorithms, the study of semantic similarity has progressed and advanced rapidly. However, many natural language processing tasks need sense level representation. To address this issue, some researches propose sense embedding learning algorithms. In this paper, we present a generalized model from existing sense retrofitting model. The generalization takes three major components: semantic relations between the senses, the relation strength and the semantic strength. In the experiment, we show that the generalized model can outperform previous approaches in three types of experiment: semantic relatedness, contextual word similarity and semantic difference.",
}
@inproceedings{bahuleyan-etal-2018-variational,
    title = "Variational Attention for Sequence-to-Sequence Models",
    author = "Bahuleyan, Hareesh  and
      Mou, Lili  and
      Vechtomova, Olga  and
      Poupart, Pascal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1142",
    pages = "1672--1682",
    abstract = "The variational encoder-decoder (VED) encodes source information as a set of random variables using a neural network, which in turn is decoded into target data using another neural network. In natural language processing, sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) models typically serve as encoder-decoder networks. When combined with a traditional (deterministic) attention mechanism, the variational latent space may be bypassed by the attention model, and thus becomes ineffective. In this paper, we propose a variational attention mechanism for VED, where the attention vector is also modeled as Gaussian distributed random variables. Results on two experiments show that, without loss of quality, our proposed method alleviates the bypassing phenomenon as it increases the diversity of generated sentences.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-new,
    title = "A New Concept of Deep Reinforcement Learning based Augmented General Tagging System",
    author = "Wang, Yu  and
      Patel, Abhishek  and
      Jin, Hongxia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1143",
    pages = "1683--1693",
    abstract = "In this paper, a new deep reinforcement learning based augmented general tagging system is proposed. The new system contains two parts: a deep neural network (DNN) based sequence labeling model and a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based augmented tagger. The augmented tagger helps improve system performance by modeling the data with minority tags. The new system is evaluated on SLU and NLU sequence labeling tasks using ATIS and CoNLL-2003 benchmark datasets, to demonstrate the new system{'}s outstanding performance on general tagging tasks. Evaluated by F1 scores, it shows that the new system outperforms the current state-of-the-art model on ATIS dataset by 1.9{\%} and that on CoNLL-2003 dataset by 1.4{\%}.",
}
@inproceedings{felt-etal-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning from Measurements in Crowdsourcing Models: Inferring Ground Truth from Diverse Annotation Types",
    author = "Felt, Paul  and
      Ringger, Eric  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Seppi, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1144",
    pages = "1694--1704",
    abstract = "Annotated corpora enable supervised machine learning and data analysis. To reduce the cost of manual annotation, tasks are often assigned to internet workers whose judgments are reconciled by crowdsourcing models. We approach the problem of crowdsourcing using a framework for learning from rich prior knowledge, and we identify a family of crowdsourcing models with the novel ability to combine annotations with differing structures: e.g., document labels and word labels. Annotator judgments are given in the form of the predicted expected value of measurement functions computed over annotations and the data, unifying annotation models. Our model, a specific instance of this framework, compares favorably with previous work. Furthermore, it enables active sample selection, jointly selecting annotator, data item, and annotation structure to reduce annotation effort.",
}
@inproceedings{kabdolov-etal-2018-reproducing,
    title = "Reproducing and Regularizing the {SCRN} Model",
    author = "Kabdolov, Olzhas  and
      Assylbekov, Zhenisbek  and
      Takhanov, Rustem",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1145",
    pages = "1705--1716",
    abstract = "We reproduce the Structurally Constrained Recurrent Network (SCRN) model, and then regularize it using the existing widespread techniques, such as naive dropout, variational dropout, and weight tying. We show that when regularized and optimized appropriately the SCRN model can achieve performance comparable with the ubiquitous LSTM model in language modeling task on English data, while outperforming it on non-English data.",
}
@inproceedings{song-etal-2018-structure,
    title = "Structure-Infused Copy Mechanisms for Abstractive Summarization",
    author = "Song, Kaiqiang  and
      Zhao, Lin  and
      Liu, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1146",
    pages = "1717--1729",
    abstract = "Seq2seq learning has produced promising results on summarization. However, in many cases, system summaries still struggle to keep the meaning of the original intact. They may miss out important words or relations that play critical roles in the syntactic structure of source sentences. In this paper, we present structure-infused copy mechanisms to facilitate copying important words and relations from the source sentence to summary sentence. The approach naturally combines source dependency structure with the copy mechanism of an abstractive sentence summarizer. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of incorporating source-side syntactic information in the system, and our proposed approach compares favorably to state-of-the-art methods.",
}
@inproceedings{van-miltenburg-etal-2018-measuring,
    title = "Measuring the Diversity of Automatic Image Descriptions",
    author = "van Miltenburg, Emiel  and
      Elliott, Desmond  and
      Vossen, Piek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1147",
    pages = "1730--1741",
    abstract = "Automatic image description systems typically produce generic sentences that only make use of a small subset of the vocabulary available to them. In this paper, we consider the production of generic descriptions as a lack of diversity in the output, which we quantify using established metrics and two new metrics that frame image description as a word recall task. This framing allows us to evaluate system performance on the head of the vocabulary, as well as on the long tail, where system performance degrades. We use these metrics to examine the diversity of the sentences generated by nine state-of-the-art systems on the MS COCO data set. We find that the systems trained with maximum likelihood objectives produce less diverse output than those trained with additional adversarial objectives. However, the adversarially-trained models only produce more types from the head of the vocabulary and not the tail. Besides vocabulary-based methods, we also look at the compositional capacity of the systems, specifically their ability to create compound nouns and prepositional phrases of different lengths. We conclude that there is still much room for improvement, and offer a toolkit to measure progress towards the goal of generating more diverse image descriptions.",
}
@inproceedings{higurashi-etal-2018-extractive,
    title = "Extractive Headline Generation Based on Learning to Rank for Community Question Answering",
    author = "Higurashi, Tatsuru  and
      Kobayashi, Hayato  and
      Masuyama, Takeshi  and
      Murao, Kazuma",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1148",
    pages = "1742--1753",
    abstract = "User-generated content such as the questions on community question answering (CQA) forums does not always come with appropriate headlines, in contrast to the news articles used in various headline generation tasks. In such cases, we cannot use paired supervised data, e.g., pairs of articles and headlines, to learn a headline generation model. To overcome this problem, we propose an extractive headline generation method based on learning to rank for CQA that extracts the most informative substring from each question as its headline. Experimental results show that our method outperforms several baselines, including a prefix-based method, which is widely used in real services.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2018-multi,
    title = "A Multi-Attention based Neural Network with External Knowledge for Story Ending Predicting Task",
    author = "Li, Qian  and
      Li, Ziwei  and
      Wei, Jin-Mao  and
      Gu, Yanhui  and
      Jatowt, Adam  and
      Yang, Zhenglu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1149",
    pages = "1754--1762",
    abstract = "Enabling a mechanism to understand a temporal story and predict its ending is an interesting issue that has attracted considerable attention, as in case of the ROC Story Cloze Task (SCT). In this paper, we develop a multi-attention-based neural network (MANN) with well-designed optimizations, like Highway Network, and concatenated features with embedding representations into the hierarchical neural network model. Considering the particulars of the specific task, we thoughtfully extend MANN with external knowledge resources, exceeding state-of-the-art results obviously. Furthermore, we develop a thorough understanding of our model through a careful hand analysis on a subset of the stories. We identify what traits of MANN contribute to its outperformance and how external knowledge is obtained in such an ending prediction task.",
}
@inproceedings{fan-etal-2018-reinforcement,
    title = "A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Natural Question Generation using Bi-discriminators",
    author = "Fan, Zhihao  and
      Wei, Zhongyu  and
      Wang, Siyuan  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1150",
    pages = "1763--1774",
    abstract = "Visual Question Generation (VQG) aims to ask natural questions about an image automatically. Existing research focus on training model to fit the annotated data set that makes it indifferent from other language generation tasks. We argue that natural questions need to have two specific attributes from the perspectives of content and linguistic respectively, namely, natural and human-written. Inspired by the setting of discriminator in adversarial learning, we propose two discriminators, one for each attribute, to enhance the training. We then use the reinforcement learning framework to incorporate scores from the two discriminators as the reward to guide the training of the question generator. Experimental results on a benchmark VQG dataset show the effectiveness and robustness of our model compared to some state-of-the-art models in terms of both automatic and human evaluation metrics.",
}
@inproceedings{brazinskas-etal-2018-embedding,
    title = "Embedding Words as Distributions with a {B}ayesian Skip-gram Model",
    author = "Bra{\v{z}}inskas, Arthur  and
      Havrylov, Serhii  and
      Titov, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1151",
    pages = "1775--1789",
    abstract = "We introduce a method for embedding words as probability densities in a low-dimensional space. Rather than assuming that a word embedding is fixed across the entire text collection, as in standard word embedding methods, in our Bayesian model we generate it from a word-specific prior density for each occurrence of a given word. Intuitively, for each word, the prior density encodes the distribution of its potential {`}meanings{'}. These prior densities are conceptually similar to Gaussian embeddings of {\.e}wcitevilnis2014word. Interestingly, unlike the Gaussian embeddings, we can also obtain context-specific densities: they encode uncertainty about the sense of a word given its context and correspond to the approximate posterior distributions within our model. The context-dependent densities have many potential applications: for example, we show that they can be directly used in the lexical substitution task. We describe an effective estimation method based on the variational autoencoding framework. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our embedding technique on a range of standard benchmarks.",
}
@inproceedings{ettinger-etal-2018-assessing,
    title = "Assessing Composition in Sentence Vector Representations",
    author = "Ettinger, Allyson  and
      Elgohary, Ahmed  and
      Phillips, Colin  and
      Resnik, Philip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1152",
    pages = "1790--1801",
    abstract = "An important component of achieving language understanding is mastering the composition of sentence meaning, but an immediate challenge to solving this problem is the opacity of sentence vector representations produced by current neural sentence composition models. We present a method to address this challenge, developing tasks that directly target compositional meaning information in sentence vector representations with a high degree of precision and control. To enable the creation of these controlled tasks, we introduce a specialized sentence generation system that produces large, annotated sentence sets meeting specified syntactic, semantic and lexical constraints. We describe the details of the method and generation system, and then present results of experiments applying our method to probe for compositional information in embeddings from a number of existing sentence composition models. We find that the method is able to extract useful information about the differing capacities of these models, and we discuss the implications of our results with respect to these systems{'} capturing of sentence information. We make available for public use the datasets used for these experiments, as well as the generation system.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2018-subword,
    title = "Subword-augmented Embedding for Cloze Reading Comprehension",
    author = "Zhang, Zhuosheng  and
      Huang, Yafang  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1153",
    pages = "1802--1814",
    abstract = "Representation learning is the foundation of machine reading comprehension. In state-of-the-art models, deep learning methods broadly use word and character level representations. However, character is not naturally the minimal linguistic unit. In addition, with a simple concatenation of character and word embedding, previous models actually give suboptimal solution. In this paper, we propose to use subword rather than character for word embedding enhancement. We also empirically explore different augmentation strategies on subword-augmented embedding to enhance the cloze-style reading comprehension model (reader). In detail, we present a reader that uses subword-level representation to augment word embedding with a short list to handle rare words effectively. A thorough examination is conducted to evaluate the comprehensive performance and generalization ability of the proposed reader. Experimental results show that the proposed approach helps the reader significantly outperform the state-of-the-art baselines on various public datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2018-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing Sentence Embedding with Generalized Pooling",
    author = "Chen, Qian  and
      Ling, Zhen-Hua  and
      Zhu, Xiaodan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1154",
    pages = "1815--1826",
    abstract = "Pooling is an essential component of a wide variety of sentence representation and embedding models. This paper explores generalized pooling methods to enhance sentence embedding. We propose vector-based multi-head attention that includes the widely used max pooling, mean pooling, and scalar self-attention as special cases. The model benefits from properly designed penalization terms to reduce redundancy in multi-head attention. We evaluate the proposed model on three different tasks: natural language inference (NLI), author profiling, and sentiment classification. The experiments show that the proposed model achieves significant improvement over strong sentence-encoding-based methods, resulting in state-of-the-art performances on four datasets. The proposed approach can be easily implemented for more problems than we discuss in this paper.",
}
@inproceedings{ponkiya-etal-2018-treat,
    title = "Treat us like the sequences we are: Prepositional Paraphrasing of Noun Compounds using {LSTM}",
    author = "Ponkiya, Girishkumar  and
      Patel, Kevin  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Palshikar, Girish",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1155",
    pages = "1827--1836",
    abstract = "Interpreting noun compounds is a challenging task. It involves uncovering the underlying predicate which is dropped in the formation of the compound. In most cases, this predicate is of the form VERB+PREP. It has been observed that uncovering the preposition is a significant step towards uncovering the predicate. In this paper, we attempt to paraphrase noun compounds using prepositions. We consider noun compounds and their corresponding prepositional paraphrases as parallelly aligned sequences of words. This enables us to adapt different architectures from cross-lingual embedding literature. We choose the architecture where we create representations of both noun compound (source sequence) and its corresponding prepositional paraphrase (target sequence), such that their sim- ilarity is high. We use LSTMs to learn these representations. We use these representations to decide the correct preposition. Our experiments show that this approach performs considerably well on different datasets of noun compounds that are manually annotated with prepositions.",
}
@inproceedings{hazarika-etal-2018-cascade,
    title = "{CASCADE}: Contextual Sarcasm Detection in Online Discussion Forums",
    author = "Hazarika, Devamanyu  and
      Poria, Soujanya  and
      Gorantla, Sruthi  and
      Cambria, Erik  and
      Zimmermann, Roger  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1156",
    pages = "1837--1848",
    abstract = "The literature in automated sarcasm detection has mainly focused on lexical-, syntactic- and semantic-level analysis of text. However, a sarcastic sentence can be expressed with contextual presumptions, background and commonsense knowledge. In this paper, we propose a ContextuAl SarCasm DEtector (CASCADE), which adopts a hybrid approach of both content- and context-driven modeling for sarcasm detection in online social media discussions. For the latter, CASCADE aims at extracting contextual information from the discourse of a discussion thread. Also, since the sarcastic nature and form of expression can vary from person to person, CASCADE utilizes user embeddings that encode stylometric and personality features of users. When used along with content-based feature extractors such as convolutional neural networks, we see a significant boost in the classification performance on a large Reddit corpus.",
}
@inproceedings{cattle-ma-2018-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing Humour using Word Associations and Humour Anchor Extraction",
    author = "Cattle, Andrew  and
      Ma, Xiaojuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1157",
    pages = "1849--1858",
    abstract = "This paper attempts to marry the interpretability of statistical machine learning approaches with the more robust models of joke structure and joke semantics capable of being learned by neural models. Specifically, we explore the use of semantic relatedness features based on word associations, rather than the more common Word2Vec similarity, on a binary humour identification task and identify several factors that make word associations a better fit for humour. We also explore the effects of using joke structure, in the form of humour anchors (Yang et al., 2015), for improving the performance of semantic features and show that, while an intriguing idea, humour anchors contain several pitfalls that can hurt performance.",
}
@inproceedings{hanselowski-etal-2018-retrospective,
    title = "A Retrospective Analysis of the Fake News Challenge Stance-Detection Task",
    author = "Hanselowski, Andreas  and
      PVS, Avinesh  and
      Schiller, Benjamin  and
      Caspelherr, Felix  and
      Chaudhuri, Debanjan  and
      Meyer, Christian M.  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1158",
    pages = "1859--1874",
    abstract = "The 2017 Fake News Challenge Stage 1 (FNC-1) shared task addressed a stance classification task as a crucial first step towards detecting fake news. To date, there is no in-depth analysis paper to critically discuss FNC-1{'}s experimental setup, reproduce the results, and draw conclusions for next-generation stance classification methods. In this paper, we provide such an in-depth analysis for the three top-performing systems. We first find that FNC-1{'}s proposed evaluation metric favors the majority class, which can be easily classified, and thus overestimates the true discriminative power of the methods. Therefore, we propose a new F1-based metric yielding a changed system ranking. Next, we compare the features and architectures used, which leads to a novel feature-rich stacked LSTM model that performs on par with the best systems, but is superior in predicting minority classes. To understand the methods{'} ability to generalize, we derive a new dataset and perform both in-domain and cross-domain experiments. Our qualitative and quantitative study helps interpreting the original FNC-1 scores and understand which features help improving performance and why. Our new dataset and all source code used during the reproduction study are publicly available for future research.",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2018-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Syntactic Structures for Humor Recognition",
    author = "Liu, Lizhen  and
      Zhang, Donghai  and
      Song, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1159",
    pages = "1875--1883",
    abstract = "Humor recognition is an interesting and challenging task in natural language processing. This paper proposes to exploit syntactic structure features to enhance humor recognition. Our method achieves significant improvements compared with humor theory driven baselines. We found that some syntactic structure features consistently correlate with humor, which indicate interesting linguistic phenomena. Both the experimental results and the analysis demonstrate that humor can be viewed as a kind of style and content independent syntactic structures can help identify humor and have good interpretability.",
}
@inproceedings{you-etal-2018-attribute,
    title = "An Attribute Enhanced Domain Adaptive Model for Cold-Start Spam Review Detection",
    author = "You, Zhenni  and
      Qian, Tieyun  and
      Liu, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1160",
    pages = "1884--1895",
    abstract = "Spam detection has long been a research topic in both academic and industry due to its wide applications. Previous studies are mainly focused on extracting linguistic or behavior features to distinguish the spam and legitimate reviews. Such features are either ineffective or take long time to collect and thus are hard to be applied to cold-start spam review detection tasks. Recent advance leveraged the neural network to encode the textual and behavior features for the cold-start problem. However, the abundant attribute information are largely neglected by the existing framework. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning architecture for incorporating entities and their inherent attributes from various domains into a unified framework. Specifically, our model not only encodes the entities of reviewer, item, and review, but also their attributes such as location, date, price ranges. Furthermore, we present a domain classifier to adapt the knowledge from one domain to the other. With the abundant attributes in existing entities and knowledge in other domains, we successfully solve the problem of data scarcity in the cold-start settings. Experimental results on two Yelp datasets prove that our proposed framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.",
}
@inproceedings{ghaddar-langlais-2018-robust,
    title = "Robust Lexical Features for Improved Neural Network Named-Entity Recognition",
    author = "Ghaddar, Abbas  and
      Langlais, Phillippe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1161",
    pages = "1896--1907",
    abstract = "Neural network approaches to Named-Entity Recognition reduce the need for carefully hand-crafted features. While some features do remain in state-of-the-art systems, lexical features have been mostly discarded, with the exception of gazetteers. In this work, we show that this is unfair: lexical features are actually quite useful. We propose to embed words and entity types into a low-dimensional vector space we train from annotated data produced by distant supervision thanks to Wikipedia. From this, we compute {---} offline {---} a feature vector representing each word. When used with a vanilla recurrent neural network model, this representation yields substantial improvements. We establish a new state-of-the-art F1 score of 87.95 on ONTONOTES 5.0, while matching state-of-the-art performance with a F1 score of 91.73 on the over-studied CONLL-2003 dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{li-yang-2018-pseudo,
    title = "A Pseudo Label based Dataless Naive {B}ayes Algorithm for Text Classification with Seed Words",
    author = "Li, Ximing  and
      Yang, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1162",
    pages = "1908--1917",
    abstract = "Traditional supervised text classifiers require a large number of manually labeled documents, which are often expensive to obtain. Recently, dataless text classification has attracted more attention, since it only requires very few seed words of categories that are much cheaper. In this paper, we develop a pseudo-label based dataless Naive Bayes (PL-DNB) classifier with seed words. We initialize pseudo-labels for each document using seed word occurrences, and employ the expectation maximization algorithm to train PL-DNB in a semi-supervised manner. The pseudo-labels are iteratively updated using a mixture of seed word occurrences and estimations of label posteriors. To avoid noisy pseudo-labels, we also consider the information of nearest neighboring documents in the pseudo-label update step, i.e., preserving local neighborhood structure of documents. We empirically show that PL-DNB outperforms traditional dataless text classification algorithms with seed words. Especially, PL-DNB performs well on the imbalanced dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{shimizu-etal-2018-visual,
    title = "Visual Question Answering Dataset for Bilingual Image Understanding: A Study of Cross-Lingual Transfer Using Attention Maps",
    author = "Shimizu, Nobuyuki  and
      Rong, Na  and
      Miyazaki, Takashi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1163",
    pages = "1918--1928",
    abstract = "Visual question answering (VQA) is a challenging task that requires a computer system to understand both a question and an image. While there is much research on VQA in English, there is a lack of datasets for other languages, and English annotation is not directly applicable in those languages. To deal with this, we have created a Japanese VQA dataset by using crowdsourced annotation with images from the Visual Genome dataset. This is the first such dataset in Japanese. As another contribution, we propose a cross-lingual method for making use of English annotation to improve a Japanese VQA system. The proposed method is based on a popular VQA method that uses an attention mechanism. We use attention maps generated from English questions to help improve the Japanese VQA task. The proposed method experimentally performed better than simply using a monolingual corpus, which demonstrates the effectiveness of using attention maps to transfer cross-lingual information.",
}
@inproceedings{baumann-etal-2018-style,
    title = "Style Detection for Free Verse Poetry from Text and Speech",
    author = "Baumann, Timo  and
      Hussein, Hussein  and
      Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1164",
    pages = "1929--1940",
    abstract = "Modern and post-modern free verse poems feature a large and complex variety in their poetic prosodies that falls along a continuum from a more fluent to a more disfluent and choppy style. As the poets of modernism overcame rhyme and meter, they oriented themselves in these two opposing directions, creating a free verse spectrum that calls for new analyses of prosodic forms. We present a method, grounded in philological analysis and current research on cognitive (dis)fluency, for automatically analyzing this spectrum. We define and relate six classes of poetic styles (ranging from parlando to lettristic decomposition) by their gradual differentiation. Based on this discussion, we present a model for automatic prosodic classification of spoken free verse poetry that uses deep hierarchical attention networks to integrate the source text and audio and predict the assigned class. We evaluate our model on a large corpus of German author-read post-modern poetry and find that classes can reliably be differentiated, reaching a weighted f-measure of 0.73, when combining textual and phonetic evidence. In our further analyses, we validate the model{'}s decision-making process, the philologically hypothesized continuum of fluency and investigate the relative importance of various features.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-neural-question,
    title = "A Neural Question Answering Model Based on Semi-Structured Tables",
    author = "Wang, Hao  and
      Zhang, Xiaodong  and
      Ma, Shuming  and
      Sun, Xu  and
      Wang, Houfeng  and
      Wang, Mengxiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1165",
    pages = "1941--1951",
    abstract = "Most question answering (QA) systems are based on raw text and structured knowledge graph. However, raw text corpora are hard for QA system to understand, and structured knowledge graph needs intensive manual work, while it is relatively easy to obtain semi-structured tables from many sources directly, or build them automatically. In this paper, we build an end-to-end system to answer multiple choice questions with semi-structured tables as its knowledge. Our system answers queries by two steps. First, it finds the most similar tables. Then the system measures the relevance between each question and candidate table cells, and choose the most related cell as the source of answer. The system is evaluated with TabMCQ dataset, and gets a huge improvement compared to the state of the art.",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2018-lcqmc,
    title = "{LCQMC}:A Large-scale {C}hinese Question Matching Corpus",
    author = "Liu, Xin  and
      Chen, Qingcai  and
      Deng, Chong  and
      Zeng, Huajun  and
      Chen, Jing  and
      Li, Dongfang  and
      Tang, Buzhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1166",
    pages = "1952--1962",
    abstract = "The lack of large-scale question matching corpora greatly limits the development of matching methods in question answering (QA) system, especially for non-English languages. To ameliorate this situation, in this paper, we introduce a large-scale Chinese question matching corpus (named LCQMC), which is released to the public1. LCQMC is more general than paraphrase corpus as it focuses on intent matching rather than paraphrase. How to collect a large number of question pairs in variant linguistic forms, which may present the same intent, is the key point for such corpus construction. In this paper, we first use a search engine to collect large-scale question pairs related to high-frequency words from various domains, then filter irrelevant pairs by the Wasserstein distance, and finally recruit three annotators to manually check the left pairs. After this process, a question matching corpus that contains 260,068 question pairs is constructed. In order to verify the LCQMC corpus, we split it into three parts, i.e., a training set containing 238,766 question pairs, a development set with 8,802 question pairs, and a test set with 12,500 question pairs, and test several well-known sentence matching methods on it. The experimental results not only demonstrate the good quality of LCQMC but also provide solid baseline performance for further researches on this corpus.",
}
@inproceedings{worsham-kalita-2018-genre,
    title = "Genre Identification and the Compositional Effect of Genre in Literature",
    author = "Worsham, Joseph  and
      Kalita, Jugal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1167",
    pages = "1963--1973",
    abstract = "Recent advances in Natural Language Processing are finding ways to place an emphasis on the hierarchical nature of text instead of representing language as a flat sequence or unordered collection of words or letters. A human reader must capture multiple levels of abstraction and meaning in order to formulate an understanding of a document. In this paper, we address the problem of developing approaches which are capable of working with extremely large and complex literary documents to perform Genre Identification. The task is to assign the literary classification to a full-length book belonging to a corpus of literature, where the works on average are well over 200,000 words long and genre is an abstract thematic concept. We introduce the Gutenberg Dataset for Genre Identification. Additionally, we present a study on how current deep learning models compare to traditional methods for this task. The results are presented as a baseline along with findings on how using an ensemble of chapters can significantly improve results in deep learning methods. The motivation behind the ensemble of chapters method is discussed as the compositionality of subtexts which make up a larger work and contribute to the overall genre.",
}
@inproceedings{rodriguez-etal-2018-transfer,
    title = "Transfer Learning for Entity Recognition of Novel Classes",
    author = "Rodriguez, Juan Diego  and
      Caldwell, Adam  and
      Liu, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1168",
    pages = "1974--1985",
    abstract = "In this reproduction paper, we replicate and extend several past studies on transfer learning for entity recognition. In particular, we are interested in entity recognition problems where the class labels in the source and target domains are different. Our work is the first direct comparison of these previously published approaches in this problem setting. In addition, we perform experiments on seven new source/target corpus pairs, nearly doubling the total number of corpus pairs that have been studied in all past work combined. Our results empirically demonstrate when each of the published approaches tends to do well. In particular, simpler approaches often work best when there is very little labeled target data, while neural transfer approaches tend to do better when there is more labeled target data.",
}
@inproceedings{al-olimat-etal-2018-location,
    title = "Location Name Extraction from Targeted Text Streams using Gazetteer-based Statistical Language Models",
    author = "Al-Olimat, Hussein  and
      Thirunarayan, Krishnaprasad  and
      Shalin, Valerie  and
      Sheth, Amit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1169",
    pages = "1986--1997",
    abstract = "Extracting location names from informal and unstructured social media data requires the identification of referent boundaries and partitioning compound names. Variability, particularly systematic variability in location names (Carroll, 1983), challenges the identification task. Some of this variability can be anticipated as operations within a statistical language model, in this case drawn from gazetteers such as OpenStreetMap (OSM), Geonames, and DBpedia. This permits evaluation of an observed n-gram in Twitter targeted text as a legitimate location name variant from the same location-context. Using n-gram statistics and location-related dictionaries, our Location Name Extraction tool (LNEx) handles abbreviations and automatically filters and augments the location names in gazetteers (handling name contractions and auxiliary contents) to help detect the boundaries of multi-word location names and thereby delimit them in texts. We evaluated our approach on 4,500 event-specific tweets from three targeted streams to compare the performance of LNEx against that of ten state-of-the-art taggers that rely on standard semantic, syntactic and/or orthographic features. LNEx improved the average F-Score by 33-179{\%}, outperforming all taggers. Further, LNEx is capable of stream processing.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-apva,
    title = "The {APVA}-{TURBO} Approach To Question Answering in Knowledge Base",
    author = "Wang, Yue  and
      Zhang, Richong  and
      Xu, Cheng  and
      Mao, Yongyi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1170",
    pages = "1998--2009",
    abstract = "In this paper, we study the problem of question answering over knowledge base. We identify that the primary bottleneck in this problem is the difficulty in accurately predicting the relations connecting the subject entity to the object entities. We advocate a new model architecture, APVA, which includes a verification mechanism responsible for checking the correctness of predicted relations. The APVA framework naturally supports a well-principled iterative training procedure, which we call turbo training. We demonstrate via experiments that the APVA-TUBRO approach drastically improves the question answering performance.",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2018-interpretable,
    title = "An Interpretable Reasoning Network for Multi-Relation Question Answering",
    author = "Zhou, Mantong  and
      Huang, Minlie  and
      Zhu, Xiaoyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1171",
    pages = "2010--2022",
    abstract = "Multi-relation Question Answering is a challenging task, due to the requirement of elaborated analysis on questions and reasoning over multiple fact triples in knowledge base. In this paper, we present a novel model called Interpretable Reasoning Network that employs an interpretable, hop-by-hop reasoning process for question answering. The model dynamically decides which part of an input question should be analyzed at each hop; predicts a relation that corresponds to the current parsed results; utilizes the predicted relation to update the question representation and the state of the reasoning process; and then drives the next-hop reasoning. Experiments show that our model yields state-of-the-art results on two datasets. More interestingly, the model can offer traceable and observable intermediate predictions for reasoning analysis and failure diagnosis, thereby allowing manual manipulation in predicting the final answer.",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2018-task,
    title = "Task-oriented Word Embedding for Text Classification",
    author = "Liu, Qian  and
      Huang, Heyan  and
      Gao, Yang  and
      Wei, Xiaochi  and
      Tian, Yuxin  and
      Liu, Luyang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1172",
    pages = "2023--2032",
    abstract = "Distributed word representation plays a pivotal role in various natural language processing tasks. In spite of its success, most existing methods only consider contextual information, which is suboptimal when used in various tasks due to a lack of task-specific features. The rational word embeddings should have the ability to capture both the semantic features and task-specific features of words. In this paper, we propose a task-oriented word embedding method and apply it to the text classification task. With the function-aware component, our method regularizes the distribution of words to enable the embedding space to have a clear classification boundary. We evaluate our method using five text classification datasets. The experiment results show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-etal-2018-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Learning of Local Semantic and Global Structure Representations for Text Classification",
    author = "Zhao, Jianyu  and
      Zhan, Zhiqiang  and
      Yang, Qichuan  and
      Zhang, Yang  and
      Hu, Changjian  and
      Li, Zhensheng  and
      Zhang, Liuxin  and
      He, Zhiqiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1173",
    pages = "2033--2043",
    abstract = "Representation learning is a key issue for most Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Most existing representation models either learn little structure information or just rely on pre-defined structures, leading to degradation of performance and generalization capability. This paper focuses on learning both local semantic and global structure representations for text classification. In detail, we propose a novel Sandwich Neural Network (SNN) to learn semantic and structure representations automatically without relying on parsers. More importantly, semantic and structure information contribute unequally to the text representation at corpus and instance level. To solve the fusion problem, we propose two strategies: Adaptive Learning Sandwich Neural Network (AL-SNN) and Self-Attention Sandwich Neural Network (SA-SNN). The former learns the weights at corpus level, and the latter further combines attention mechanism to assign the weights at instance level. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive performance on several text classification tasks, including sentiment analysis, question type classification and subjectivity classification. Specifically, the accuracies are MR (82.1{\%}), SST-5 (50.4{\%}), TREC (96{\%}) and SUBJ (93.9{\%}).",
}
@inproceedings{fell-etal-2018-lyrics,
    title = "Lyrics Segmentation: Textual Macrostructure Detection using Convolutions",
    author = "Fell, Michael  and
      Nechaev, Yaroslav  and
      Cabrio, Elena  and
      Gandon, Fabien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1174",
    pages = "2044--2054",
    abstract = "Lyrics contain repeated patterns that are correlated with the repetitions found in the music they accompany. Repetitions in song texts have been shown to enable lyrics segmentation {--} a fundamental prerequisite of automatically detecting the building blocks (e.g. chorus, verse) of a song text. In this article we improve on the state-of-the-art in lyrics segmentation by applying a convolutional neural network to the task, and experiment with novel features as a step towards deeper macrostructure detection of lyrics.",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-etal-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning What to Share: Leaky Multi-Task Network for Text Classification",
    author = "Xiao, Liqiang  and
      Zhang, Honglun  and
      Chen, Wenqing  and
      Wang, Yongkun  and
      Jin, Yaohui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1175",
    pages = "2055--2065",
    abstract = "Neural network based multi-task learning has achieved great success on many NLP problems, which focuses on sharing knowledge among tasks by linking some layers to enhance the performance. However, most existing approaches suffer from the interference between tasks because they lack of selection mechanism for feature sharing. In this way, the feature spaces of tasks may be easily contaminated by helpless features borrowed from others, which will confuse the models for making correct prediction. In this paper, we propose a multi-task convolutional neural network with the Leaky Unit, which has memory and forgetting mechanism to filter the feature flows between tasks. Experiments on five different datasets for text classification validate the benefits of our approach.",
}
@inproceedings{levy-etal-2018-towards,
    title = "Towards an argumentative content search engine using weak supervision",
    author = "Levy, Ran  and
      Bogin, Ben  and
      Gretz, Shai  and
      Aharonov, Ranit  and
      Slonim, Noam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1176",
    pages = "2066--2081",
    abstract = "Searching for sentences containing claims in a large text corpus is a key component in developing an argumentative content search engine. Previous works focused on detecting claims in a small set of documents or within documents enriched with argumentative content. However, pinpointing relevant claims in massive unstructured corpora, received little attention. A step in this direction was taken in (Levy et al. 2017), where the authors suggested using a weak signal to develop a relatively strict query for claim{--}sentence detection. Here, we leverage this work to define weak signals for training DNNs to obtain significantly greater performance. This approach allows to relax the query and increase the potential coverage. Our results clearly indicate that the system is able to successfully generalize from the weak signal, outperforming previously reported results in terms of both precision and coverage. Finally, we adapt our system to solve a recent argument mining task of identifying argumentative sentences in Web texts retrieved from heterogeneous sources, and obtain F1 scores comparable to the supervised baseline.",
}
@inproceedings{gungor-etal-2018-improving,
    title = "Improving Named Entity Recognition by Jointly Learning to Disambiguate Morphological Tags",
    author = {G{\"u}ng{\"o}r, Onur  and
      Uskudarli, Suzan  and
      G{\"u}ng{\"o}r, Tunga},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1177",
    pages = "2082--2092",
    abstract = "Previous studies have shown that linguistic features of a word such as possession, genitive or other grammatical cases can be employed in word representations of a named entity recognition (NER) tagger to improve the performance for morphologically rich languages. However, these taggers require external morphological disambiguation (MD) tools to function which are hard to obtain or non-existent for many languages. In this work, we propose a model which alleviates the need for such disambiguators by jointly learning NER and MD taggers in languages for which one can provide a list of candidate morphological analyses. We show that this can be done independent of the morphological annotation schemes, which differ among languages. Our experiments employing three different model architectures that join these two tasks show that joint learning improves NER performance. Furthermore, the morphological disambiguator{'}s performance is shown to be competitive.",
}
@inproceedings{azmy-etal-2018-farewell,
    title = "Farewell {F}reebase: Migrating the {S}imple{Q}uestions Dataset to {DB}pedia",
    author = "Azmy, Michael  and
      Shi, Peng  and
      Lin, Jimmy  and
      Ilyas, Ihab",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1178",
    pages = "2093--2103",
    abstract = "Question answering over knowledge graphs is an important problem of interest both commercially and academically. There is substantial interest in the class of natural language questions that can be answered via the lookup of a single fact, driven by the availability of the popular SimpleQuestions dataset. The problem with this dataset, however, is that answer triples are provided from Freebase, which has been defunct for several years. As a result, it is difficult to build {``}real-world{''} question answering systems that are operationally deployable. Furthermore, a defunct knowledge graph means that much of the infrastructure for querying, browsing, and manipulating triples no longer exists. To address this problem, we present SimpleDBpediaQA, a new benchmark dataset for simple question answering over knowledge graphs that was created by mapping SimpleQuestions entities and predicates from Freebase to DBpedia. Although this mapping is conceptually straightforward, there are a number of nuances that make the task non-trivial, owing to the different conceptual organizations of the two knowledge graphs. To lay the foundation for future research using this dataset, we leverage recent work to provide simple yet strong baselines with and without neural networks.",
}
@inproceedings{bostan-klinger-2018-analysis,
    title = "An Analysis of Annotated Corpora for Emotion Classification in Text",
    author = "Bostan, Laura-Ana-Maria  and
      Klinger, Roman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1179",
    pages = "2104--2119",
    abstract = "Several datasets have been annotated and published for classification of emotions. They differ in several ways: (1) the use of different annotation schemata (e. g., discrete label sets, including joy, anger, fear, or sadness or continuous values including valence, or arousal), (2) the domain, and, (3) the file formats. This leads to several research gaps: supervised models often only use a limited set of available resources. Additionally, no previous work has compared emotion corpora in a systematic manner. We aim at contributing to this situation with a survey of the datasets, and aggregate them in a common file format with a common annotation schema. Based on this aggregation, we perform the first cross-corpus classification experiments in the spirit of future research enabled by this paper, in order to gain insight and a better understanding of differences of models inferred from the data. This work also simplifies the choice of the most appropriate resources for developing a model for a novel domain. One result from our analysis is that a subset of corpora is better classified with models trained on a different corpus. For none of the corpora, training on all data altogether is better than using a subselection of the resources. Our unified corpus is available at http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/data/unifyemotion.",
}
@inproceedings{sachan-etal-2018-investigating,
    title = "Investigating the Working of Text Classifiers",
    author = "Sachan, Devendra  and
      Zaheer, Manzil  and
      Salakhutdinov, Ruslan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1180",
    pages = "2120--2131",
    abstract = "Text classification is one of the most widely studied tasks in natural language processing. Motivated by the principle of compositionality, large multilayer neural network models have been employed for this task in an attempt to effectively utilize the constituent expressions. Almost all of the reported work train large networks using discriminative approaches, which come with a caveat of no proper capacity control, as they tend to latch on to any signal that may not generalize. Using various recent state-of-the-art approaches for text classification, we explore whether these models actually learn to compose the meaning of the sentences or still just focus on some keywords or lexicons for classifying the document. To test our hypothesis, we carefully construct datasets where the training and test splits have no direct overlap of such lexicons, but overall language structure would be similar. We study various text classifiers and observe that there is a big performance drop on these datasets. Finally, we show that even simple models with our proposed regularization techniques, which disincentivize focusing on key lexicons, can substantially improve classification accuracy.",
}
@inproceedings{lai-etal-2018-review,
    title = "A Review on Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Answer Selection",
    author = "Lai, Tuan Manh  and
      Bui, Trung  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1181",
    pages = "2132--2144",
    abstract = "Given a question and a set of candidate answers, answer selection is the task of identifying which of the candidates answers the question correctly. It is an important problem in natural language processing, with applications in many areas. Recently, many deep learning based methods have been proposed for the task. They produce impressive performance without relying on any feature engineering or expensive external resources. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review on deep learning methods applied to answer selection.",
}
@inproceedings{yadav-bethard-2018-survey,
    title = "A Survey on Recent Advances in Named Entity Recognition from Deep Learning models",
    author = "Yadav, Vikas  and
      Bethard, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1182",
    pages = "2145--2158",
    abstract = "Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a key component in NLP systems for question answering, information retrieval, relation extraction, etc. NER systems have been studied and developed widely for decades, but accurate systems using deep neural networks (NN) have only been introduced in the last few years. We present a comprehensive survey of deep neural network architectures for NER, and contrast them with previous approaches to NER based on feature engineering and other supervised or semi-supervised learning algorithms. Our results highlight the improvements achieved by neural networks, and show how incorporating some of the lessons learned from past work on feature-based NER systems can yield further improvements.",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2018-distantly,
    title = "Distantly Supervised {NER} with Partial Annotation Learning and Reinforcement Learning",
    author = "Yang, Yaosheng  and
      Chen, Wenliang  and
      Li, Zhenghua  and
      He, Zhengqiu  and
      Zhang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1183",
    pages = "2159--2169",
    abstract = "A bottleneck problem with Chinese named entity recognition (NER) in new domains is the lack of annotated data. One solution is to utilize the method of distant supervision, which has been widely used in relation extraction, to automatically populate annotated training data without humancost. The distant supervision assumption here is that if a string in text is included in a predefined dictionary of entities, the string might be an entity. However, this kind of auto-generated data suffers from two main problems: incomplete and noisy annotations, which affect the performance of NER models. In this paper, we propose a novel approach which can partially solve the above problems of distant supervision for NER. In our approach, to handle the incomplete problem, we apply partial annotation learning to reduce the effect of unknown labels of characters. As for noisy annotation, we design an instance selector based on reinforcement learning to distinguish positive sentences from auto-generated annotations. In experiments, we create two datasets for Chinese named entity recognition in two domains with the help of distant supervision. The experimental results show that the proposed approach obtains better performance than the comparison systems on both two datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{shahbazi-etal-2018-joint,
    title = "Joint Neural Entity Disambiguation with Output Space Search",
    author = "Shahbazi, Hamed  and
      Fern, Xiaoli  and
      Ghaeini, Reza  and
      Ma, Chao  and
      Obeidat, Rasha Mohammad  and
      Tadepalli, Prasad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1184",
    pages = "2170--2180",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present a novel model for entity disambiguation that combines both local contextual information and global evidences through Limited Discrepancy Search (LDS). Given an input document, we start from a complete solution constructed by a local model and conduct a search in the space of possible corrections to improve the local solution from a global view point. Our search utilizes a heuristic function to focus more on the least confident local decisions and a pruning function to score the global solutions based on their local fitness and the global coherences among the predicted entities. Experimental results on CoNLL 2003 and TAC 2010 benchmarks verify the effectiveness of our model.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-moschitti-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning to Progressively Recognize New Named Entities with Sequence to Sequence Models",
    author = "Chen, Lingzhen  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1185",
    pages = "2181--2191",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose to use a sequence to sequence model for Named Entity Recognition (NER) and we explore the effectiveness of such model in a progressive NER setting {--} a Transfer Learning (TL) setting. We train an initial model on source data and transfer it to a model that can recognize new NE categories in the target data during a subsequent step, when the source data is no longer available. Our solution consists in: (i) to reshape and re-parametrize the output layer of the first learned model to enable the recognition of new NEs; (ii) to leave the rest of the architecture unchanged, such that it is initialized with parameters transferred from the initial model; and (iii) to fine tune the network on the target data. Most importantly, we design a new NER approach based on sequence to sequence (Seq2Seq) models, which can intuitively work better in our progressive setting. We compare our approach with a Bidirectional LSTM, which is a strong neural NER model. Our experiments show that the Seq2Seq model performs very well on the standard NER setting and it is more robust in the progressive setting. Our approach can recognize previously unseen NE categories while preserving the knowledge of the seen data.",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2018-responding,
    title = "Responding E-commerce Product Questions via Exploiting {QA} Collections and Reviews",
    author = "Yu, Qian  and
      Lam, Wai  and
      Wang, Zihao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1186",
    pages = "2192--2203",
    abstract = "Providing instant responses for product questions in E-commerce sites can significantly improve satisfaction of potential consumers. We propose a new framework for automatically responding product questions newly posed by users via exploiting existing QA collections and review collections in a coordinated manner. Our framework can return a ranked list of snippets serving as the automated response for a given question, where each snippet can be a sentence from reviews or an existing question-answer pair. One major subtask in our framework is question-based response review ranking. Learning for response review ranking is challenging since there is no labeled response review available. The collection of existing QA pairs are exploited as distant supervision for learning to rank responses. With proposed distant supervision paradigm, the learned response ranking model makes use of the knowledge in the QA pairs and the corresponding retrieved review lists. Extensive experiments on datasets collected from a real-world commercial E-commerce site demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.",
}
@inproceedings{khosla-etal-2018-aff2vec,
    title = "{A}ff2{V}ec: Affect{--}Enriched Distributional Word Representations",
    author = "Khosla, Sopan  and
      Chhaya, Niyati  and
      Chawla, Kushal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1187",
    pages = "2204--2218",
    abstract = "Human communication includes information, opinions and reactions. Reactions are often captured by the affective-messages in written as well as verbal communications. While there has been work in affect modeling and to some extent affective content generation, the area of affective word distributions is not well studied. Synsets and lexica capture semantic relationships across words. These models, however, lack in encoding affective or emotional word interpretations. Our proposed model, Aff2Vec, provides a method for enriched word embeddings that are representative of affective interpretations of words. Aff2Vec outperforms the state-of-the-art in intrinsic word-similarity tasks. Further, the use of Aff2Vec representations outperforms baseline embeddings in downstream natural language understanding tasks including sentiment analysis, personality detection, and frustration prediction.",
}
@inproceedings{kunneman-etal-2018-aspect,
    title = "Aspect-based summarization of pros and cons in unstructured product reviews",
    author = "Kunneman, Florian  and
      Wubben, Sander  and
      van den Bosch, Antal  and
      Krahmer, Emiel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1188",
    pages = "2219--2229",
    abstract = "We developed three systems for generating pros and cons summaries of product reviews. Automating this task eases the writing of product reviews, and offers readers quick access to the most important information. We compared SynPat, a system based on syntactic phrases selected on the basis of valence scores, against a neural-network-based system trained to map bag-of-words representations of reviews directly to pros and cons, and the same neural system trained on clusters of word-embedding encodings of similar pros and cons. We evaluated the systems in two ways: first on held-out reviews with gold-standard pros and cons, and second by asking human annotators to rate the systems{'} output on relevance and completeness. In the second evaluation, the gold-standard pros and cons were assessed along with the system output. We find that the human-generated summaries are not deemed as significantly more relevant or complete than the SynPat systems; the latter are scored higher than the human-generated summaries on a precision metric. The neural approaches yield a lower performance in the human assessment, and are outperformed by the baseline.",
}
@inproceedings{toledo-ronen-etal-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning Sentiment Composition from Sentiment Lexicons",
    author = "Toledo-Ronen, Orith  and
      Bar-Haim, Roy  and
      Halfon, Alon  and
      Jochim, Charles  and
      Menczel, Amir  and
      Aharonov, Ranit  and
      Slonim, Noam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1189",
    pages = "2230--2241",
    abstract = "Sentiment composition is a fundamental sentiment analysis problem. Previous work relied on manual rules and manually-created lexical resources such as negator lists, or learned a composition function from sentiment-annotated phrases or sentences. We propose a new approach for learning sentiment composition from a large, unlabeled corpus, which only requires a word-level sentiment lexicon for supervision. We automatically generate large sentiment lexicons of bigrams and unigrams, from which we induce a set of lexicons for a variety of sentiment composition processes. The effectiveness of our approach is confirmed through manual annotation, as well as sentiment classification experiments with both phrase-level and sentence-level benchmarks.",
}
@inproceedings{amram-etal-2018-representations,
    title = "Representations and Architectures in Neural Sentiment Analysis for Morphologically Rich Languages: A Case Study from Modern {H}ebrew",
    author = "Amram, Adam  and
      Ben David, Anat  and
      Tsarfaty, Reut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1190",
    pages = "2242--2252",
    abstract = "This paper empirically studies the effects of representation choices on neural sentiment analysis for Modern Hebrew, a morphologically rich language (MRL) for which no sentiment analyzer currently exists. We study two dimensions of representational choices: (i) the granularity of the input signal (token-based vs. morpheme-based), and (ii) the level of encoding of vocabulary items (string-based vs. character-based). We hypothesise that for MRLs, languages where multiple meaning-bearing elements may be carried by a single space-delimited token, these choices will have measurable effects on task perfromance, and that these effects may vary for different architectural designs {---} fully-connected, convolutional or recurrent. Specifically, we hypothesize that morpheme-based representations will have advantages in terms of their generalization capacity and task accuracy, due to their better OOV coverage. To empirically study these effects, we develop a new sentiment analysis benchmark for Hebrew, based on 12K social media comments, and provide two instances of these data: in token-based and morpheme-based settings. Our experiments show that representation choices empirical effects vary with architecture type. While fully-connected and convolutional networks slightly prefer token-based settings, RNNs benefit from a morpheme-based representation, in accord with the hypothesis that explicit morphological information may help generalize. Our endeavour also delivers the first state-of-the-art broad-coverage sentiment analyzer for Hebrew, with over 89{\%} accuracy, alongside an established benchmark to further study the effects of linguistic representation choices on neural networks{'} task performance.",
}
@inproceedings{van-son-etal-2018-scoring,
    title = "Scoring and Classifying Implicit Positive Interpretations: A Challenge of Class Imbalance",
    author = "van Son, Chantal  and
      Morante, Roser  and
      Aroyo, Lora  and
      Vossen, Piek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1191",
    pages = "2253--2264",
    abstract = "This paper reports on a reimplementation of a system on detecting implicit positive meaning from negated statements. In the original regression experiment, different positive interpretations per negation are scored according to their likelihood. We convert the scores to classes and report our results on both the regression and classification tasks. We show that a baseline taking the mean score or most frequent class is hard to beat because of class imbalance in the dataset. Our error analysis indicates that an approach that takes the information structure into account (i.e. which information is new or contrastive) may be promising, which requires looking beyond the syntactic and semantic characteristics of negated statements.",
}
@inproceedings{fan-etal-2018-exploratory,
    title = "Exploratory Neural Relation Classification for Domain Knowledge Acquisition",
    author = "Fan, Yan  and
      Wang, Chengyu  and
      He, Xiaofeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1192",
    pages = "2265--2276",
    abstract = "The state-of-the-art methods for relation classification are primarily based on deep neural net- works. This kind of supervised learning method suffers from not only limited training data, but also the large number of low-frequency relations in specific domains. In this paper, we propose the task of exploratory relation classification for domain knowledge harvesting. The goal is to learn a classifier on pre-defined relations and discover new relations expressed in texts. A dynamically structured neural network is introduced to classify entity pairs to a continuously expanded relation set. We further propose the similarity sensitive Chinese restaurant process to discover new relations. Experiments conducted on a large corpus show the effectiveness of our neural network, while new relations are discovered with high precision and recall.",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-nguyen-2018-killed,
    title = "Who is Killed by Police: Introducing Supervised Attention for Hierarchical {LSTM}s",
    author = "Nguyen, Minh  and
      Nguyen, Thien Huu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1193",
    pages = "2277--2287",
    abstract = "Finding names of people killed by police has become increasingly important as police shootings get more and more public attention (police killing detection). Unfortunately, there has been not much work in the literature addressing this problem. The early work in this field (Keith etal., 2017) proposed a distant supervision framework based on Expectation Maximization (EM) to deal with the multiple appearances of the names in documents. However, such EM-based framework cannot take full advantages of deep learning models, necessitating the use of handdesigned features to improve the detection performance. In this work, we present a novel deep learning method to solve the problem of police killing recognition. The proposed method relies on hierarchical LSTMs to model the multiple sentences that contain the person names of interests, and introduce supervised attention mechanisms based on semantical word lists and dependency trees to upweight the important contextual words. Our experiments demonstrate the benefits of the proposed model and yield the state-of-the-art performance for police killing detection.",
}
@inproceedings{saha-mausam-2018-open,
    title = "Open Information Extraction from Conjunctive Sentences",
    author = "Saha, Swarnadeep  and
      {Mausam}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1194",
    pages = "2288--2299",
    abstract = "We develop CALM, a coordination analyzer that improves upon the conjuncts identified from dependency parses. It uses a language model based scoring and several linguistic constraints to search over hierarchical conjunct boundaries (for nested coordination). By splitting a conjunctive sentence around these conjuncts, CALM outputs several simple sentences. We demonstrate the value of our coordination analyzer in the end task of Open Information Extraction (Open IE). State-of-the-art Open IE systems lose substantial yield due to ineffective processing of conjunctive sentences. Our Open IE system, CALMIE, performs extraction over the simple sentences identified by CALM to obtain up to 1.8x yield with a moderate increase in precision compared to extractions from original sentences.",
}
@inproceedings{cetto-etal-2018-graphene,
    title = "{G}raphene: Semantically-Linked Propositions in Open Information Extraction",
    author = "Cetto, Matthias  and
      Niklaus, Christina  and
      Freitas, Andr{\'e}  and
      Handschuh, Siegfried",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1195",
    pages = "2300--2311",
    abstract = "We present an Open Information Extraction (IE) approach that uses a two-layered transformation stage consisting of a clausal disembedding layer and a phrasal disembedding layer, together with rhetorical relation identification. In that way, we convert sentences that present a complex linguistic structure into simplified, syntactically sound sentences, from which we can extract propositions that are represented in a two-layered hierarchy in the form of core relational tuples and accompanying contextual information which are semantically linked via rhetorical relations. In a comparative evaluation, we demonstrate that our reference implementation Graphene outperforms state-of-the-art Open IE systems in the construction of correct n-ary predicate-argument structures. Moreover, we show that existing Open IE approaches can benefit from the transformation process of our framework.",
}
@inproceedings{nagesh-surdeanu-2018-exploration,
    title = "An Exploration of Three Lightly-supervised Representation Learning Approaches for Named Entity Classification",
    author = "Nagesh, Ajay  and
      Surdeanu, Mihai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1196",
    pages = "2312--2324",
    abstract = "Several semi-supervised representation learning methods have been proposed recently that mitigate the drawbacks of traditional bootstrapping: they reduce the amount of semantic drift introduced by iterative approaches through one-shot learning; others address the sparsity of data through the learning of custom, dense representation for the information modeled. In this work, we are the first to adapt three of these methods, most of which have been originally proposed for image processing, to an information extraction task, specifically, named entity classification. Further, we perform a rigorous comparative analysis on two distinct datasets. Our analysis yields several important observations. First, all representation learning methods outperform state-of-the-art semi-supervised methods that do not rely on representation learning. To the best of our knowledge, we report the latest state-of-the-art results on the semi-supervised named entity classification task. Second, one-shot learning methods clearly outperform iterative representation learning approaches. Lastly, one of the best performers relies on the mean teacher framework (Tarvainen and Valpola, 2017), a simple teacher/student approach that is independent of the underlying task-specific model.",
}
@inproceedings{beinborn-etal-2018-multimodal,
    title = "Multimodal Grounding for Language Processing",
    author = "Beinborn, Lisa  and
      Botschen, Teresa  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1197",
    pages = "2325--2339",
    abstract = "This survey discusses how recent developments in multimodal processing facilitate conceptual grounding of language. We categorize the information flow in multimodal processing with respect to cognitive models of human information processing and analyze different methods for combining multimodal representations. Based on this methodological inventory, we discuss the benefit of multimodal grounding for a variety of language processing tasks and the challenges that arise. We particularly focus on multimodal grounding of verbs which play a crucial role for the compositional power of language.",
}
@inproceedings{naik-etal-2018-stress,
    title = "Stress Test Evaluation for Natural Language Inference",
    author = "Naik, Aakanksha  and
      Ravichander, Abhilasha  and
      Sadeh, Norman  and
      Rose, Carolyn  and
      Neubig, Graham",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1198",
    pages = "2340--2353",
    abstract = "Natural language inference (NLI) is the task of determining if a natural language hypothesis can be inferred from a given premise in a justifiable manner. NLI was proposed as a benchmark task for natural language understanding. Existing models perform well at standard datasets for NLI, achieving impressive results across different genres of text. However, the extent to which these models understand the semantic content of sentences is unclear. In this work, we propose an evaluation methodology consisting of automatically constructed {``}stress tests{''} that allow us to examine whether systems have the ability to make real inferential decisions. Our evaluation of six sentence-encoder models on these stress tests reveals strengths and weaknesses of these models with respect to challenging linguistic phenomena, and suggests important directions for future work in this area.",
}
@inproceedings{vu-etal-2018-grounded,
    title = "Grounded Textual Entailment",
    author = "Vu, Hoa Trong  and
      Greco, Claudio  and
      Erofeeva, Aliia  and
      Jafaritazehjan, Somayeh  and
      Linders, Guido  and
      Tanti, Marc  and
      Testoni, Alberto  and
      Bernardi, Raffaella  and
      Gatt, Albert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1199",
    pages = "2354--2368",
    abstract = "Capturing semantic relations between sentences, such as entailment, is a long-standing challenge for computational semantics. Logic-based models analyse entailment in terms of possible worlds (interpretations, or situations) where a premise P entails a hypothesis H iff in all worlds where P is true, H is also true. Statistical models view this relationship probabilistically, addressing it in terms of whether a human would likely infer H from P. In this paper, we wish to bridge these two perspectives, by arguing for a visually-grounded version of the Textual Entailment task. Specifically, we ask whether models can perform better if, in addition to P and H, there is also an image (corresponding to the relevant {``}world{''} or {``}situation{''}). We use a multimodal version of the SNLI dataset (Bowman et al., 2015) and we compare {``}blind{''} and visually-augmented models of textual entailment. We show that visual information is beneficial, but we also conduct an in-depth error analysis that reveals that current multimodal models are not performing {``}grounding{''} in an optimal fashion.",
}
@inproceedings{yin-etal-2018-recurrent,
    title = "Recurrent One-Hop Predictions for Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs",
    author = {Yin, Wenpeng  and
      Yaghoobzadeh, Yadollah  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1200",
    pages = "2369--2378",
    abstract = "Large scale knowledge graphs (KGs) such as Freebase are generally incomplete. Reasoning over multi-hop (mh) KG paths is thus an important capability that is needed for question answering or other NLP tasks that require knowledge about the world. mh-KG reasoning includes diverse scenarios, e.g., given a head entity and a relation path, predict the tail entity; or given two entities connected by some relation paths, predict the unknown relation between them. We present ROPs, recurrent one-hop predictors, that predict entities at each step of mh-KB paths by using recurrent neural networks and vector representations of entities and relations, with two benefits: (i) modeling mh-paths of arbitrary lengths while updating the entity and relation representations by the training signal at each step; (ii) handling different types of mh-KG reasoning in a unified framework. Our models show state-of-the-art for two important multi-hop KG reasoning tasks: Knowledge Base Completion and Path Query Answering.",
}
@inproceedings{gu-etal-2018-hybrid,
    title = "Hybrid Attention based Multimodal Network for Spoken Language Classification",
    author = "Gu, Yue  and
      Yang, Kangning  and
      Fu, Shiyu  and
      Chen, Shuhong  and
      Li, Xinyu  and
      Marsic, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1201",
    pages = "2379--2390",
    abstract = "We examine the utility of linguistic content and vocal characteristics for multimodal deep learning in human spoken language understanding. We present a deep multimodal network with both feature attention and modality attention to classify utterance-level speech data. The proposed hybrid attention architecture helps the system focus on learning informative representations for both modality-specific feature extraction and model fusion. The experimental results show that our system achieves state-of-the-art or competitive results on three published multimodal datasets. We also demonstrated the effectiveness and generalization of our system on a medical speech dataset from an actual trauma scenario. Furthermore, we provided a detailed comparison and analysis of traditional approaches and deep learning methods on both feature extraction and fusion.",
}
@inproceedings{nagata-etal-2018-exploring,
    title = "Exploring the Influence of Spelling Errors on Lexical Variation Measures",
    author = "Nagata, Ryo  and
      Sato, Taisei  and
      Takamura, Hiroya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1202",
    pages = "2391--2398",
    abstract = "This paper explores the influence of spelling errors on lexical variation measures. Lexical richness measures such as Type-Token Ration (TTR) and Yule{'}s K are often used for learner English analysis and assessment. When applied to learner English, however, they can be unreliable because of the spelling errors appearing in it. Namely, they are, directly or indirectly, based on the counts of distinct word types, and spelling errors undesirably increase the number of distinct words. This paper introduces and examines the hypothesis that lexical richness measures become unstable in learner English because of spelling errors. Specifically, it tests the hypothesis on English learner corpora of three groups (middle school, high school, and college students). To be precise, it estimates the difference in TTR and Yule{'}s K caused by spelling errors, by calculating their values before and after spelling errors are manually corrected. Furthermore, it examines the results theoretically and empirically to deepen the understanding of the influence of spelling errors on them.",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2018-stance,
    title = "Stance Detection with Hierarchical Attention Network",
    author = "Sun, Qingying  and
      Wang, Zhongqing  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1203",
    pages = "2399--2409",
    abstract = "Stance detection aims to assign a stance label (for or against) to a post toward a specific target. Recently, there is a growing interest in using neural models to detect stance of documents. Most of these works model the sequence of words to learn document representation. However, much linguistic information, such as polarity and arguments of the document, is correlated with the stance of the document, and can inspire us to explore the stance. Hence, we present a neural model to fully employ various linguistic information to construct the document representation. In addition, since the influences of different linguistic information are different, we propose a hierarchical attention network to weigh the importance of various linguistic information, and learn the mutual attention between the document and the linguistic information. The experimental results on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical attention neural model.",
}
@inproceedings{shiue-etal-2018-correcting,
    title = "Correcting {C}hinese Word Usage Errors for Learning {C}hinese as a Second Language",
    author = "Shiue, Yow-Ting  and
      Huang, Hen-Hsen  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1204",
    pages = "2410--2422",
    abstract = "With more and more people around the world learning Chinese as a second language, the need of Chinese error correction tools is increasing. In the HSK dynamic composition corpus, word usage error (WUE) is the most common error type. In this paper, we build a neural network model that considers both target erroneous token and context to generate a correction vector and compare it against a candidate vocabulary to propose suitable corrections. To deal with potential alternative corrections, the top five proposed candidates are judged by native Chinese speakers. For more than 91{\%} of the cases, our system can propose at least one acceptable correction within a list of five candidates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research addressing general-type Chinese WUE correction. Our system can help non-native Chinese learners revise their sentences by themselves.",
}
@inproceedings{lengerich-etal-2018-retrofitting,
    title = "Retrofitting Distributional Embeddings to Knowledge Graphs with Functional Relations",
    author = "Lengerich, Ben  and
      Maas, Andrew  and
      Potts, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1205",
    pages = "2423--2436",
    abstract = "Knowledge graphs are a versatile framework to encode richly structured data relationships, but it can be challenging to combine these graphs with unstructured data. Methods for retrofitting pre-trained entity representations to the structure of a knowledge graph typically assume that entities are embedded in a connected space and that relations imply similarity. However, useful knowledge graphs often contain diverse entities and relations (with potentially disjoint underlying corpora) which do not accord with these assumptions. To overcome these limitations, we present Functional Retrofitting, a framework that generalizes current retrofitting methods by explicitly modeling pairwise relations. Our framework can directly incorporate a variety of pairwise penalty functions previously developed for knowledge graph completion. Further, it allows users to encode, learn, and extract information about relation semantics. We present both linear and neural instantiations of the framework. Functional Retrofitting significantly outperforms existing retrofitting methods on complex knowledge graphs and loses no accuracy on simpler graphs (in which relations do imply similarity). Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the framework by predicting new drug{--}disease treatment pairs in a large, complex health knowledge graph.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2018-context,
    title = "Context-Sensitive Generation of Open-Domain Conversational Responses",
    author = "Zhang, Weinan  and
      Cui, Yiming  and
      Wang, Yifa  and
      Zhu, Qingfu  and
      Li, Lingzhi  and
      Zhou, Lianqiang  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1206",
    pages = "2437--2447",
    abstract = "Despite the success of existing works on single-turn conversation generation, taking the coherence in consideration, human conversing is actually a context-sensitive process. Inspired by the existing studies, this paper proposed the static and dynamic attention based approaches for context-sensitive generation of open-domain conversational responses. Experimental results on two public datasets show that the proposed static attention based approach outperforms all the baselines on automatic and human evaluation.",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2018-lstm,
    title = "A {LSTM} Approach with Sub-Word Embeddings for {M}ongolian Phrase Break Prediction",
    author = "Liu, Rui  and
      Bao, Feilong  and
      Gao, Guanglai  and
      Zhang, Hui  and
      Wang, Yonghe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1207",
    pages = "2448--2455",
    abstract = "In this paper, we first utilize the word embedding that focuses on sub-word units to the Mongolian Phrase Break (PB) prediction task by using Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) model. Mongolian is an agglutinative language. Each root can be followed by several suffixes to form probably millions of words, but the existing Mongolian corpus is not enough to build a robust entire word embedding, thus it suffers a serious data sparse problem and brings a great difficulty for Mongolian PB prediction. To solve this problem, we look at sub-word units in Mongolian word, and encode their information to a meaningful representation, then fed it to LSTM to decode the best corresponding PB label. Experimental results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms traditional CRF model using manually features and obtains 7.49{\%} F-Measure gain.",
}
@inproceedings{uresova-etal-2018-synonymy,
    title = "Synonymy in Bilingual Context: The {C}z{E}ng{C}lass Lexicon",
    author = "Ure{\v{s}}ov{\'a}, Zde{\v{n}}ka  and
      Fu{\v{c}}{\'\i}kov{\'a}, Eva  and
      Haji{\v{c}}ov{\'a}, Eva  and
      Haji{\v{c}}, Jan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1208",
    pages = "2456--2469",
    abstract = "This paper describes CzEngClass, a bilingual lexical resource being built to investigate verbal synonymy in bilingual context and to relate semantic roles common to one synonym class to verb arguments (verb valency). In addition, the resource is linked to existing resources with the same of a similar aim: English and Czech WordNet, FrameNet, PropBank, VerbNet (SemLink), and valency lexicons for Czech and English (PDT-Vallex, Vallex, and EngVallex). There are several goals of this work and resource: (a) to provide gold standard data for automatic experiments in the future (such as automatic discovery of synonym classes, word sense disambiguation, assignment of classes to occurrences of verbs in text, coreferential linking of verb and event arguments in text, etc.), (b) to build a core (bilingual) lexicon linked to existing resources, for comparative studies and possibly for training automatic tools, and (c) to enrich the annotation of a parallel treebank, the Prague Czech English Dependency Treebank, which so far contained valency annotation but has not linked synonymous senses of verbs together. The method used for extracting the synonym classes is a semi-automatic process with a substantial amount of manual work during filtering, role assignment to classes and individual Class members{'} arguments, and linking to the external lexical resources. We present the first version with 200 classes (about 1800 verbs) and evaluate interannotator agreement using several metrics.",
}
@inproceedings{jiao-etal-2018-convolutional,
    title = "Convolutional Neural Network for Universal Sentence Embeddings",
    author = "Jiao, Xiaoqi  and
      Wang, Fang  and
      Feng, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1209",
    pages = "2470--2481",
    abstract = "This paper proposes a simple CNN model for creating general-purpose sentence embeddings that can transfer easily across domains and can also act as effective initialization for downstream tasks. Recently, averaging the embeddings of words in a sentence has proven to be a surprisingly successful and efficient way of obtaining sentence embeddings. However, these models represent a sentence, only in terms of features of words or uni-grams in it. In contrast, our model (CSE) utilizes both features of words and n-grams to encode sentences, which is actually a generalization of these bag-of-words models. The extensive experiments demonstrate that CSE performs better than average models in transfer learning setting and exceeds the state of the art in supervised learning setting by initializing the parameters with the pre-trained sentence embeddings.",
}
@inproceedings{matteson-etal-2018-rich,
    title = "Rich Character-Level Information for {K}orean Morphological Analysis and Part-of-Speech Tagging",
    author = "Matteson, Andrew  and
      Lee, Chanhee  and
      Kim, Youngbum  and
      Lim, Heuiseok",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1210",
    pages = "2482--2492",
    abstract = "Due to the fact that Korean is a highly agglutinative, character-rich language, previous work on Korean morphological analysis typically employs the use of sub-character features known as graphemes or otherwise utilizes comprehensive prior linguistic knowledge (i.e., a dictionary of known morphological transformation forms, or actions). These models have been created with the assumption that character-level, dictionary-less morphological analysis was intractable due to the number of actions required. We present, in this study, a multi-stage action-based model that can perform morphological transformation and part-of-speech tagging using arbitrary units of input and apply it to the case of character-level Korean morphological analysis. Among models that do not employ prior linguistic knowledge, we achieve state-of-the-art word and sentence-level tagging accuracy with the Sejong Korean corpus using our proposed data-driven Bi-LSTM model.",
}
@inproceedings{hakami-etal-2018-pairdiff,
    title = "Why does {P}air{D}iff work? - A Mathematical Analysis of Bilinear Relational Compositional Operators for Analogy Detection",
    author = "Hakami, Huda  and
      Hayashi, Kohei  and
      Bollegala, Danushka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1211",
    pages = "2493--2504",
    abstract = "Representing the semantic relations that exist between two given words (or entities) is an important first step in a wide-range of NLP applications such as analogical reasoning, knowledge base completion and relational information retrieval. A simple, yet surprisingly accurate method for representing a relation between two words is to compute the vector offset (PairDiff) between their corresponding word embeddings. Despite the empirical success, it remains unclear as to whether PairDiff is the best operator for obtaining a relational representation from word embeddings. We conduct a theoretical analysis of generalised bilinear operators that can be used to measure the l2 relational distance between two word-pairs. We show that, if the word embed- dings are standardised and uncorrelated, such an operator will be independent of bilinear terms, and can be simplified to a linear form, where PairDiff is a special case. For numerous word embedding types, we empirically verify the uncorrelation assumption, demonstrating the general applicability of our theoretical result. Moreover, we experimentally discover PairDiff from the bilinear relational compositional operator on several benchmark analogy datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-goutte-2018-real,
    title = "Real-time Change Point Detection using On-line Topic Models",
    author = "Wang, Yunli  and
      Goutte, Cyril",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1212",
    pages = "2505--2515",
    abstract = "Detecting changes within an unfolding event in real time from news articles or social media enables to react promptly to serious issues in public safety, public health or natural disasters. In this study, we use on-line Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to model shifts in topics, and apply on-line change point detection (CPD) algorithms to detect when significant changes happen. We describe an on-line Bayesian change point detection algorithm that we use to detect topic changes from on-line LDA output. Extensive experiments on social media data and news articles show the benefits of on-line LDA versus standard LDA, and of on-line change point detection compared to off-line algorithms. This yields F-scores up to 52{\%} on the detection of significant real-life changes from these document streams.",
}
@inproceedings{schulder-etal-2018-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Creating a Lexicon of Verbal Polarity Shifters: Mono- and Cross-lingual Methods for {G}erman",
    author = "Schulder, Marc  and
      Wiegand, Michael  and
      Ruppenhofer, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1213",
    pages = "2516--2528",
    abstract = "In this paper we use methods for creating a large lexicon of verbal polarity shifters and apply them to German. Polarity shifters are content words that can move the polarity of a phrase towards its opposite, such as the verb {``}abandon{''} in {``}abandon all hope{''}. This is similar to how negation words like {``}not{''} can influence polarity. Both shifters and negation are required for high precision sentiment analysis. Lists of negation words are available for many languages, but the only language for which a sizable lexicon of verbal polarity shifters exists is English. This lexicon was created by bootstrapping a sample of annotated verbs with a supervised classifier that uses a set of data- and resource-driven features. We reproduce and adapt this approach to create a German lexicon of verbal polarity shifters. Thereby, we confirm that the approach works for multiple languages. We further improve classification by leveraging cross-lingual information from the English shifter lexicon. Using this improved approach, we bootstrap a large number of German verbal polarity shifters, reducing the annotation effort drastically. The resulting German lexicon of verbal polarity shifters is made publicly available.",
}
@inproceedings{anastasopoulos-etal-2018-part,
    title = "Part-of-Speech Tagging on an Endangered Language: a Parallel {G}riko-{I}talian Resource",
    author = "Anastasopoulos, Antonios  and
      Lekakou, Marika  and
      Quer, Josep  and
      Zimianiti, Eleni  and
      DeBenedetto, Justin  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1214",
    pages = "2529--2539",
    abstract = "Most work on part-of-speech (POS) tagging is focused on high resource languages, or examines low-resource and active learning settings through simulated studies. We evaluate POS tagging techniques on an actual endangered language, Griko. We present a resource that contains 114 narratives in Griko, along with sentence-level translations in Italian, and provides gold annotations for the test set. Based on a previously collected small corpus, we investigate several traditional methods, as well as methods that take advantage of monolingual data or project cross-lingual POS tags. We show that the combination of a semi-supervised method with cross-lingual transfer is more appropriate for this extremely challenging setting, with the best tagger achieving an accuracy of 72.9{\%}. With an applied active learning scheme, which we use to collect sentence-level annotations over the test set, we achieve improvements of more than 21 percentage points.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-one,
    title = "One vs. Many {QA} Matching with both Word-level and Sentence-level Attention Network",
    author = "Wang, Lu  and
      Li, Shoushan  and
      Sun, Changlong  and
      Si, Luo  and
      Liu, Xiaozhong  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1215",
    pages = "2540--2550",
    abstract = "Question-Answer (QA) matching is a fundamental task in the Natural Language Processing community. In this paper, we first build a novel QA matching corpus with informal text which is collected from a product reviewing website. Then, we propose a novel QA matching approach, namely One vs. Many Matching, which aims to address the novel scenario where one question sentence often has an answer with multiple sentences. Furthermore, we improve our matching approach by employing both word-level and sentence-level attentions for solving the noisy problem in the informal text. Empirical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to question-answer matching.",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning to Generate Word Representations using Subword Information",
    author = "Kim, Yeachan  and
      Kim, Kang-Min  and
      Lee, Ji-Min  and
      Lee, SangKeun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1216",
    pages = "2551--2561",
    abstract = "Distributed representations of words play a major role in the field of natural language processing by encoding semantic and syntactic information of words. However, most existing works on learning word representations typically regard words as individual atomic units and thus are blind to subword information in words. This further gives rise to a difficulty in representing out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. In this paper, we present a character-based word representation approach to deal with this limitation. The proposed model learns to generate word representations from characters. In our model, we employ a convolutional neural network and a highway network over characters to extract salient features effectively. Unlike previous models that learn word representations from a large corpus, we take a set of pre-trained word embeddings and generalize it to word entries, including OOV words. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model, we perform both an intrinsic and an extrinsic task which are word similarity and language modeling, respectively. Experimental results show clearly that the proposed model significantly outperforms strong baseline models that regard words or their subwords as atomic units. For example, we achieve as much as 18.5{\%} improvement on average in perplexity for morphologically rich languages compared to strong baselines in the language modeling task.",
}
@inproceedings{bin-zia-etal-2018-urdu,
    title = "{U}rdu Word Segmentation using Conditional Random Fields ({CRF}s)",
    author = "Bin Zia, Haris  and
      Raza, Agha Ali  and
      Athar, Awais",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1217",
    pages = "2562--2569",
    abstract = "State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing algorithms rely heavily on efficient word segmentation. Urdu is amongst languages for which word segmentation is a complex task as it exhibits space omission as well as space insertion issues. This is partly due to the Arabic script which although cursive in nature, consists of characters that have inherent joining and non-joining attributes regardless of word boundary. This paper presents a word segmentation system for Urdu which uses a Conditional Random Field sequence modeler with orthographic, linguistic and morphological features. Our proposed model automatically learns to predict white space as word boundary as well as Zero Width Non-Joiner (ZWNJ) as sub-word boundary. Using a manually annotated corpus, our model achieves F1 score of 0.97 for word boundary identification and 0.85 for sub-word boundary identification tasks. We have made our code and corpus publicly available to make our results reproducible.",
}
@inproceedings{billami-etal-2018-resyf,
    title = "{R}e{S}yf: a {F}rench lexicon with ranked synonyms",
    author = "Billami, Mokhtar B.  and
      Fran{\c{c}}ois, Thomas  and
      Gala, N{\'u}ria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1218",
    pages = "2570--2581",
    abstract = "In this article, we present ReSyf, a lexical resource of monolingual synonyms ranked according to their difficulty to be read and understood by native learners of French. The synonyms come from an existing lexical network and they have been semantically disambiguated and refined. A ranking algorithm, based on a wide range of linguistic features and validated through an evaluation campaign with human annotators, automatically sorts the synonyms corresponding to a given word sense by reading difficulty. ReSyf is freely available and will be integrated into a web platform for reading assistance. It can also be applied to perform lexical simplification of French texts.",
}
@inproceedings{pasquer-etal-2018-youve,
    title = "If you{'}ve seen some, you{'}ve seen them all: Identifying variants of multiword expressions",
    author = "Pasquer, Caroline  and
      Savary, Agata  and
      Ramisch, Carlos  and
      Antoine, Jean-Yves",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1219",
    pages = "2582--2594",
    abstract = "Multiword expressions, especially verbal ones (VMWEs), show idiosyncratic variability, which is challenging for NLP applications, hence the need for VMWE identification. We focus on the task of variant identification, i.e. identifying variants of previously seen VMWEs, whatever their surface form. We model the problem as a classification task. Syntactic subtrees with previously seen combinations of lemmas are first extracted, and then classified on the basis of features relevant to morpho-syntactic variation of VMWEs. Feature values are both absolute, i.e. hold for a particular VMWE candidate, and relative, i.e. based on comparing a candidate with previously seen VMWEs. This approach outperforms a baseline by 4 percent points of F-measure on a French corpus.",
}
@inproceedings{hao-paul-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning Multilingual Topics from Incomparable Corpora",
    author = "Hao, Shudong  and
      Paul, Michael J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1220",
    pages = "2595--2609",
    abstract = "Multilingual topic models enable crosslingual tasks by extracting consistent topics from multilingual corpora. Most models require parallel or comparable training corpora, which limits their ability to generalize. In this paper, we first demystify the knowledge transfer mechanism behind multilingual topic models by defining an alternative but equivalent formulation. Based on this analysis, we then relax the assumption of training data required by most existing models, creating a model that only requires a dictionary for training. Experiments show that our new method effectively learns coherent multilingual topics from partially and fully incomparable corpora with limited amounts of dictionary resources.",
}
@inproceedings{charbonnier-wartena-2018-using,
    title = "Using Word Embeddings for Unsupervised Acronym Disambiguation",
    author = "Charbonnier, Jean  and
      Wartena, Christian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1221",
    pages = "2610--2619",
    abstract = "Scientific papers from all disciplines contain many abbreviations and acronyms. In many cases these acronyms are ambiguous. We present a method to choose the contextual correct definition of an acronym that does not require training for each acronym and thus can be applied to a large number of different acronyms with only few instances. We constructed a set of 19,954 examples of 4,365 ambiguous acronyms from image captions in scientific papers along with their contextually correct definition from different domains. We learn word embeddings for all words in the corpus and compare the averaged context vector of the words in the expansion of an acronym with the weighted average vector of the words in the context of the acronym. We show that this method clearly outperforms (classical) cosine similarity. Furthermore, we show that word embeddings learned from a 1 billion word corpus of scientific texts outperform word embeddings learned on much large general corpora.",
}
@inproceedings{littell-etal-2018-indigenous,
    title = "Indigenous language technologies in Canada: Assessment, challenges, and successes",
    author = "Littell, Patrick  and
      Kazantseva, Anna  and
      Kuhn, Roland  and
      Pine, Aidan  and
      Arppe, Antti  and
      Cox, Christopher  and
      Junker, Marie-Odile",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1222",
    pages = "2620--2632",
    abstract = "In this article, we discuss which text, speech, and image technologies have been developed, and would be feasible to develop, for the approximately 60 Indigenous languages spoken in Canada. In particular, we concentrate on technologies that may be feasible to develop for most or all of these languages, not just those that may be feasible for the few most-resourced of these. We assess past achievements and consider future horizons for Indigenous language transliteration, text prediction, spell-checking, approximate search, machine translation, speech recognition, speaker diarization, speech synthesis, optical character recognition, and computer-aided language learning.",
}
@inproceedings{byamugisha-etal-2018-pluralizing,
    title = "Pluralizing Nouns across Agglutinating {B}antu Languages",
    author = "Byamugisha, Joan  and
      Keet, C. Maria  and
      DeRenzi, Brian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1223",
    pages = "2633--2643",
    abstract = "Text generation may require the pluralization of nouns, such as in context-sensitive user interfaces and in natural language generation more broadly. While this has been solved for the widely-used languages, this is still a challenge for the languages in the Bantu language family. Pluralization results obtained for isiZulu and Runyankore showed there were similarities in approach, including the need to combine syntax with semantics, despite belonging to different language zones. This suggests that bootstrapping and generalizability might be feasible. We investigated this systematically for seven languages across three different Guthrie language zones. The first outcome is that Meinhof{'}s 1948 specification of the noun classes are indeed inadequate for computational purposes for all examined languages, due to non-determinism in prefixes, and we thus redefined the characteristic noun class tables of 29 noun classes into 53. The second main result is that the generic pluralizer achieved over 93{\%} accuracy in coverage testing and over 94{\%} on a random sample. This is comparable to the language-specific isiZulu and Runyankore pluralizers.",
}
@inproceedings{kazeminejad-etal-2018-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Extracting Qualia Relations for the Rich Event Ontology",
    author = "Kazeminejad, Ghazaleh  and
      Bonial, Claire  and
      Brown, Susan Windisch  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1224",
    pages = "2644--2652",
    abstract = "Commonsense, real-world knowledge about the events that entities or {``}things in the world{''} are typically involved in, as well as part-whole relationships, is valuable for allowing computational systems to draw everyday inferences about the world. Here, we focus on automatically extracting information about (1) the events that typically bring about certain entities (origins), (2) the events that are the typical functions of entities, and (3) part-whole relationships in entities. These correspond to the agentive, telic and constitutive qualia central to the Generative Lexicon. We describe our motivations and methods for extracting these qualia relations from the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) and show that human annotators overwhelmingly find the information extracted to be reasonable. Because ontologies provide a way of structuring this information and making it accessible to agents and computational systems generally, efforts are underway to incorporate the extracted information to an ontology hub of Natural Language Processing semantic role labeling resources, the Rich Event Ontology.",
}
@inproceedings{espinosa-anke-schockaert-2018-seven,
    title = "{S}e{V}e{N}: Augmenting Word Embeddings with Unsupervised Relation Vectors",
    author = "Espinosa-Anke, Luis  and
      Schockaert, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1225",
    pages = "2653--2665",
    abstract = "We present SeVeN (Semantic Vector Networks), a hybrid resource that encodes relationships between words in the form of a graph. Different from traditional semantic networks, these relations are represented as vectors in a continuous vector space. We propose a simple pipeline for learning such relation vectors, which is based on word vector averaging in combination with an ad hoc autoencoder. We show that by explicitly encoding relational information in a dedicated vector space we can capture aspects of word meaning that are complementary to what is captured by word embeddings. For example, by examining clusters of relation vectors, we observe that relational similarities can be identified at a more abstract level than with traditional word vector differences. Finally, we test the effectiveness of semantic vector networks in two tasks: measuring word similarity and neural text categorization. SeVeN is available at bitbucket.org/luisespinosa/seven.",
}
@inproceedings{aldarmaki-diab-2018-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation of Unsupervised Compositional Representations",
    author = "Aldarmaki, Hanan  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1226",
    pages = "2666--2677",
    abstract = "We evaluated various compositional models, from bag-of-words representations to compositional RNN-based models, on several extrinsic supervised and unsupervised evaluation benchmarks. Our results confirm that weighted vector averaging can outperform context-sensitive models in most benchmarks, but structural features encoded in RNN models can also be useful in certain classification tasks. We analyzed some of the evaluation datasets to identify the aspects of meaning they measure and the characteristics of the various models that explain their performance variance.",
}
@inproceedings{iwatsuki-aizawa-2018-using,
    title = "Using Formulaic Expressions in Writing Assistance Systems",
    author = "Iwatsuki, Kenichi  and
      Aizawa, Akiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1227",
    pages = "2678--2689",
    abstract = "Formulaic expressions (FEs) used in scholarly papers, such as {`}there has been little discussion about{'}, are helpful for non-native English speakers. However, it is time-consuming for users to manually search for an appropriate expression every time they want to consult FE dictionaries. For this reason, we tackle the task of semantic searches of FE dictionaries. At the start of our research, we identified two salient difficulties in this task. First, the paucity of example sentences in existing FE dictionaries results in a shortage of context information, which is necessary for acquiring semantic representation of FEs. Second, while a semantic category label is assigned to each FE in many FE dictionaries, it is difficult to predict the labels from user input, forcing users to manually designate the semantic category when searching. To address these difficulties, we propose a new framework for semantic searches of FEs and propose a new method to leverage both existing dictionaries and domain sentence corpora. Further, we expand an existing FE dictionary to consider building a more comprehensive and domain-specific FE dictionary and to verify the effectiveness of our method.",
}
@inproceedings{rogers-etal-2018-whats,
    title = "What{'}s in Your Embedding, And How It Predicts Task Performance",
    author = "Rogers, Anna  and
      Hosur Ananthakrishna, Shashwath  and
      Rumshisky, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1228",
    pages = "2690--2703",
    abstract = "Attempts to find a single technique for general-purpose intrinsic evaluation of word embeddings have so far not been successful. We present a new approach based on scaled-up qualitative analysis of word vector neighborhoods that quantifies interpretable characteristics of a given model (e.g. its preference for synonyms or shared morphological forms as nearest neighbors). We analyze 21 such factors and show how they correlate with performance on 14 extrinsic and intrinsic task datasets (and also explain the lack of correlation between some of them). Our approach enables multi-faceted evaluation, parameter search, and generally {--} a more principled, hypothesis-driven approach to development of distributional semantic representations.",
}
@inproceedings{o-etal-2018-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Word Similarity Calculation Using Word Vector Representation from a Knowledge-based Graph",
    author = "O, Dongsuk  and
      Kwon, Sunjae  and
      Kim, Kyungsun  and
      Ko, Youngjoong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1229",
    pages = "2704--2714",
    abstract = "Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the task to determine the word sense according to its context. Many existing WSD studies have been using an external knowledge-based unsupervised approach because it has fewer word set constraints than supervised approaches requiring training data. In this paper, we propose a new WSD method to generate the context of an ambiguous word by using similarities between an ambiguous word and words in the input document. In addition, to leverage our WSD method, we further propose a new word similarity calculation method based on the semantic network structure of BabelNet. We evaluate the proposed methods on the SemEval-13 and SemEval-15 for English WSD dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed WSD method significantly improves the baseline WSD method. Furthermore, our WSD system outperforms the state-of-the-art WSD systems in the Semeval-13 dataset. Finally, it has higher performance than the state-of-the-art unsupervised knowledge-based WSD system in the average performance of both datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{patro-etal-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning Semantic Sentence Embeddings using Sequential Pair-wise Discriminator",
    author = "Patro, Badri Narayana  and
      Kurmi, Vinod Kumar  and
      Kumar, Sandeep  and
      Namboodiri, Vinay",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1230",
    pages = "2715--2729",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose a method for obtaining sentence-level embeddings. While the problem of securing word-level embeddings is very well studied, we propose a novel method for obtaining sentence-level embeddings. This is obtained by a simple method in the context of solving the paraphrase generation task. If we use a sequential encoder-decoder model for generating paraphrase, we would like the generated paraphrase to be semantically close to the original sentence. One way to ensure this is by adding constraints for true paraphrase embeddings to be close and unrelated paraphrase candidate sentence embeddings to be far. This is ensured by using a sequential pair-wise discriminator that shares weights with the encoder that is trained with a suitable loss function. Our loss function penalizes paraphrase sentence embedding distances from being too large. This loss is used in combination with a sequential encoder-decoder network. We also validated our method by evaluating the obtained embeddings for a sentiment analysis task. The proposed method results in semantic embeddings and outperforms the state-of-the-art on the paraphrase generation and sentiment analysis task on standard datasets. These results are also shown to be statistically significant.",
}
@inproceedings{chollampatt-ng-2018-reassessment,
    title = "A Reassessment of Reference-Based Grammatical Error Correction Metrics",
    author = "Chollampatt, Shamil  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1231",
    pages = "2730--2741",
    abstract = "Several metrics have been proposed for evaluating grammatical error correction (GEC) systems based on grammaticality, fluency, and adequacy of the output sentences. Previous studies of the correlation of these metrics with human quality judgments were inconclusive, due to the lack of appropriate significance tests, discrepancies in the methods, and choice of datasets used. In this paper, we re-evaluate reference-based GEC metrics by measuring the system-level correlations with humans on a large dataset of human judgments of GEC outputs, and by properly conducting statistical significance tests. Our results show no significant advantage of GLEU over MaxMatch (M2), contradicting previous studies that claim GLEU to be superior. For a finer-grained analysis, we additionally evaluate these metrics for their agreement with human judgments at the sentence level. Our sentence-level analysis indicates that comparing GLEU and M2, one metric may be more useful than the other depending on the scenario. We further qualitatively analyze these metrics and our findings show that apart from being less interpretable and non-deterministic, GLEU also produces counter-intuitive scores in commonly occurring test examples.",
}
@inproceedings{gong-etal-2018-information,
    title = "Information Aggregation via Dynamic Routing for Sequence Encoding",
    author = "Gong, Jingjing  and
      Qiu, Xipeng  and
      Wang, Shaojing  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1232",
    pages = "2742--2752",
    abstract = "While much progress has been made in how to encode a text sequence into a sequence of vectors, less attention has been paid to how to aggregate these preceding vectors (outputs of RNN/CNN) into fixed-size encoding vector. Usually, a simple max or average pooling is used, which is a bottom-up and passive way of aggregation and lack of guidance by task information. In this paper, we propose an aggregation mechanism to obtain a fixed-size encoding with a dynamic routing policy. The dynamic routing policy is dynamically deciding that what and how much information need be transferred from each word to the final encoding of the text sequence. Following the work of Capsule Network, we design two dynamic routing policies to aggregate the outputs of RNN/CNN encoding layer into a final encoding vector. Compared to the other aggregation methods, dynamic routing can refine the messages according to the state of final encoding vector. Experimental results on five text classification tasks show that our method outperforms other aggregating models by a significant margin. Related source code is released on our github page.Related source code is released on our github page.",
}
@inproceedings{cai-etal-2018-full,
    title = "A Full End-to-End Semantic Role Labeler, Syntactic-agnostic Over Syntactic-aware?",
    author = "Cai, Jiaxun  and
      He, Shexia  and
      Li, Zuchao  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1233",
    pages = "2753--2765",
    abstract = "Semantic role labeling (SRL) is to recognize the predicate-argument structure of a sentence, including subtasks of predicate disambiguation and argument labeling. Previous studies usually formulate the entire SRL problem into two or more subtasks. For the first time, this paper introduces an end-to-end neural model which unifiedly tackles the predicate disambiguation and the argument labeling in one shot. Using a biaffine scorer, our model directly predicts all semantic role labels for all given word pairs in the sentence without relying on any syntactic parse information. Specifically, we augment the BiLSTM encoder with a non-linear transformation to further distinguish the predicate and the argument in a given sentence, and model the semantic role labeling process as a word pair classification task by employing the biaffine attentional mechanism. Though the proposed model is syntax-agnostic with local decoder, it outperforms the state-of-the-art syntax-aware SRL systems on the CoNLL-2008, 2009 benchmarks for both English and Chinese. To our best knowledge, we report the first syntax-agnostic SRL model that surpasses all known syntax-aware models.",
}
@inproceedings{patchala-bhatnagar-2018-authorship,
    title = "Authorship Attribution By Consensus Among Multiple Features",
    author = "Patchala, Jagadeesh  and
      Bhatnagar, Raj",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1234",
    pages = "2766--2777",
    abstract = "Most existing research on authorship attribution uses various lexical, syntactic and semantic features. In this paper we demonstrate an effective template-based approach for combining various syntactic features of a document for authorship analysis. The parse-tree based features that we propose are independent of the topic of a document and reflect the innate writing styles of authors. We show that the use of templates including sub-trees of parse trees in conjunction with other syntactic features result in improved author attribution rates. Another contribution is the demonstration that Dempster{'}s rule based combination of evidence from syntactic features performs better than other evidence-combination methods. We also demonstrate that our methodology works well for the case where actual author is not included in the candidate author set.",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2018-modeling,
    title = "Modeling with Recurrent Neural Networks for Open Vocabulary Slots",
    author = "Kim, Jun-Seong  and
      Kim, Junghoe  and
      Park, SeungUn  and
      Lee, Kwangyong  and
      Lee, Yoonju",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1235",
    pages = "2778--2790",
    abstract = "Dealing with {`}open-vocabulary{'} slots has been among the challenges in the natural language area. While recent studies on attention-based recurrent neural network (RNN) models have performed well in completing several language related tasks such as spoken language understanding and dialogue systems, there has been a lack of attempts to address filling slots that take on values from a virtually unlimited set. In this paper, we propose a new RNN model that can capture the vital concept: Understanding the role of a word may vary according to how long a reader focuses on a particular part of a sentence. The proposed model utilizes a long-term aware attention structure, positional encoding primarily considering the relative distance between words, and multi-task learning of a character-based language model and an intent detection model. We show that the model outperforms the existing RNN models with respect to discovering {`}open-vocabulary{'} slots without any external information, such as a named entity database or knowledge base. In particular, we confirm that it performs better with a greater number of slots in a dataset, including unknown words, by evaluating the models on a dataset of several domains. In addition, the proposed model also demonstrates superior performance with regard to intent detection.",
}
@inproceedings{van-der-aa-etal-2018-challenges,
    title = "Challenges and Opportunities of Applying Natural Language Processing in Business Process Management",
    author = "van der Aa, Han  and
      Carmona, Josep  and
      Leopold, Henrik  and
      Mendling, Jan  and
      Padr{\'o}, Llu{\'\i}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1236",
    pages = "2791--2801",
    abstract = "The Business Process Management (BPM) field focuses in the coordination of labor so that organizational processes are smoothly executed in a way that products and services are properly delivered. At the same time, NLP has reached a maturity level that enables its widespread application in many contexts, thanks to publicly available frameworks. In this position paper, we show how NLP has potential in raising the benefits of BPM practices at different levels. Instead of being exhaustive, we show selected key challenges were a successful application of NLP techniques would facilitate the automation of particular tasks that nowadays require a significant effort to accomplish. Finally, we report on applications that consider both the process perspective and its enhancement through NLP.",
}
@inproceedings{ghosal-etal-2018-novelty,
    title = "Novelty Goes Deep. A Deep Neural Solution To Document Level Novelty Detection",
    author = "Ghosal, Tirthankar  and
      Edithal, Vignesh  and
      Ekbal, Asif  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Tsatsaronis, George  and
      Chivukula, Srinivasa Satya Sameer Kumar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1237",
    pages = "2802--2813",
    abstract = "The rapid growth of documents across the web has necessitated finding means of discarding redundant documents and retaining novel ones. Capturing redundancy is challenging as it may involve investigating at a deep semantic level. Techniques for detecting such semantic redundancy at the document level are scarce. In this work we propose a deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based model to classify a document as novel or redundant with respect to a set of relevant documents already seen by the system. The system is simple and do not require any manual feature engineering. Our novel scheme encodes relevant and relative information from both source and target texts to generate an intermediate representation which we coin as the Relative Document Vector (RDV). The proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art on a document-level novelty detection dataset by a margin of ∼5{\%} in terms of accuracy. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a standard paraphrase detection dataset where paraphrased passages closely resemble to semantically redundant documents.",
}
@inproceedings{sundararajan-woodard-2018-represents,
    title = "What represents {``}style{''} in authorship attribution?",
    author = "Sundararajan, Kalaivani  and
      Woodard, Damon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1238",
    pages = "2814--2822",
    abstract = "Authorship attribution typically uses all information representing both content and style whereas attribution based only on stylistic aspects may be robust in cross-domain settings. This paper analyzes different linguistic aspects that may help represent style. Specifically, we study the role of syntax and lexical words (nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs) in representing style. We use a purely syntactic language model to study the significance of sentence structures in both single-domain and cross-domain attribution, i.e. cross-topic and cross-genre attribution. We show that syntax may be helpful for cross-genre attribution while cross-topic attribution and single-domain may benefit from additional lexical information. Further, pure syntactic models may not be effective by themselves and need to be used in combination with other robust models. To study the role of word choice, we perform attribution by masking all words or specific topic words corresponding to nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Using a single-domain dataset, IMDB1M reviews, we demonstrate the heavy influence of common nouns and proper nouns in attribution, thereby highlighting topic interference. Using cross-domain Guardian10 dataset, we show that some common nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs may help with stylometric attribution as demonstrated by masking topic words corresponding to these parts-of-speech. As expected, it was observed that proper nouns are heavily influenced by content and cross-domain attribution will benefit from completely masking them.",
}
@inproceedings{duan-etal-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning Target-Specific Representations of Financial News Documents For Cumulative Abnormal Return Prediction",
    author = "Duan, Junwen  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Ding, Xiao  and
      Chang, Ching-Yun  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1239",
    pages = "2823--2833",
    abstract = "Texts from the Internet serve as important data sources for financial market modeling. Early statistical approaches rely on manually defined features to capture lexical, sentiment and event information, which suffers from feature sparsity. Recent work has considered learning dense representations for news titles and abstracts. Compared to news titles, full documents can contain more potentially helpful information, but also noise compared to events and sentences, which has been less investigated in previous work. To fill this gap, we propose a novel target-specific abstract-guided news document representation model. The model uses a target-sensitive representation of the news abstract to weigh sentences in the news content, so as to select and combine the most informative sentences for market modeling. Results show that document representations can give better performance for estimating cumulative abnormal returns of companies when compared to titles and abstracts. Our model is especially effective when it used to combine information from multiple document sources compared to the sentence-level baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{an-etal-2018-model,
    title = "Model-Free Context-Aware Word Composition",
    author = "An, Bo  and
      Han, Xianpei  and
      Sun, Le",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1240",
    pages = "2834--2845",
    abstract = "Word composition is a promising technique for representation learning of large linguistic units (e.g., phrases, sentences and documents). However, most of the current composition models do not take the ambiguity of words and the context outside of a linguistic unit into consideration for learning representations, and consequently suffer from the inaccurate representation of semantics. To address this issue, we propose a model-free context-aware word composition model, which employs the latent semantic information as global context for learning representations. The proposed model attempts to resolve the word sense disambiguation and word composition in a unified framework. Extensive evaluation shows consistent improvements over various strong word representation/composition models at different granularities (including word, phrase and sentence), demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed method.",
}
@inproceedings{li-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning Features from Co-occurrences: A Theoretical Analysis",
    author = "Li, Yanpeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1241",
    pages = "2846--2854",
    abstract = "Representing a word by its co-occurrences with other words in context is an effective way to capture the meaning of the word. However, the theory behind remains a challenge. In this work, taking the example of a word classification task, we give a theoretical analysis of the approaches that represent a word X by a function f(P(C|X)), where C is a context feature, P(C|X) is the conditional probability estimated from a text corpus, and the function f maps the co-occurrence measure to a prediction score. We investigate the impact of context feature C and the function f . We also explain the reasons why using the co-occurrences with multiple context features may be better than just using a single one. In addition, based on the analysis, we propose a hypothesis about the conditional probability on zero probability events.",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2018-towards,
    title = "Towards a unified framework for bilingual terminology extraction of single-word and multi-word terms",
    author = "Liu, Jingshu  and
      Morin, Emmanuel  and
      Saldarriaga, Pe{\~n}a",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1242",
    pages = "2855--2866",
    abstract = "Extracting a bilingual terminology for multi-word terms from comparable corpora has not been widely researched. In this work we propose a unified framework for aligning bilingual terms independently of the term lengths. We also introduce some enhancements to the context-based and the neural network based approaches. Our experiments show the effectiveness of our enhancements of previous works and the system can be adapted in specialized domains.",
}
@inproceedings{athanasiou-etal-2018-neural,
    title = "Neural Activation Semantic Models: Computational lexical semantic models of localized neural activations",
    author = "Athanasiou, Nikos  and
      Iosif, Elias  and
      Potamianos, Alexandros",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1243",
    pages = "2867--2878",
    abstract = "Neural activation models have been proposed in the literature that use a set of example words for which fMRI measurements are available in order to find a mapping between word semantics and localized neural activations. Successful mappings let us expand to the full lexicon of concrete nouns using the assumption that similarity of meaning implies similar neural activation patterns. In this paper, we propose a computational model that estimates semantic similarity in the neural activation space and investigates the relative performance of this model for various natural language processing tasks. Despite the simplicity of the proposed model and the very small number of example words used to bootstrap it, the neural activation semantic model performs surprisingly well compared to state-of-the-art word embeddings. Specifically, the neural activation semantic model performs better than the state-of-the-art for the task of semantic similarity estimation between very similar or very dissimilar words, while performing well on other tasks such as entailment and word categorization. These are strong indications that neural activation semantic models can not only shed some light into human cognition but also contribute to computation models for certain tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{kar-etal-2018-folksonomication,
    title = "{F}olksonomication: Predicting Tags for Movies from Plot Synopses using Emotion Flow Encoded Neural Network",
    author = "Kar, Sudipta  and
      Maharjan, Suraj  and
      Solorio, Thamar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1244",
    pages = "2879--2891",
    abstract = "Folksonomy of movies covers a wide range of heterogeneous information about movies, like the genre, plot structure, visual experiences, soundtracks, metadata, and emotional experiences from watching a movie. Being able to automatically generate or predict tags for movies can help recommendation engines improve retrieval of similar movies, and help viewers know what to expect from a movie in advance. In this work, we explore the problem of creating tags for movies from plot synopses. We propose a novel neural network model that merges information from synopses and emotion flows throughout the plots to predict a set of tags for movies. We compare our system with multiple baselines and found that the addition of emotion flows boosts the performance of the network by learning {\mbox{$\approx$}}18{\%} more tags than a traditional machine learning system.",
}
@inproceedings{buechel-hahn-2018-emotion,
    title = "Emotion Representation Mapping for Automatic Lexicon Construction (Mostly) Performs on Human Level",
    author = "Buechel, Sven  and
      Hahn, Udo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1245",
    pages = "2892--2904",
    abstract = "Emotion Representation Mapping (ERM) has the goal to convert existing emotion ratings from one representation format into another one, e.g., mapping Valence-Arousal-Dominance annotations for words or sentences into Ekman{'}s Basic Emotions and vice versa. ERM can thus not only be considered as an alternative to Word Emotion Induction (WEI) techniques for automatic emotion lexicon construction but may also help mitigate problems that come from the proliferation of emotion representation formats in recent years. We propose a new neural network approach to ERM that not only outperforms the previous state-of-the-art. Equally important, we present a refined evaluation methodology and gather strong evidence that our model yields results which are (almost) as reliable as human annotations, even in cross-lingual settings. Based on these results we generate new emotion ratings for 13 typologically diverse languages and claim that they have near-gold quality, at least.",
}
@inproceedings{tafreshi-diab-2018-emotion,
    title = "Emotion Detection and Classification in a Multigenre Corpus with Joint Multi-Task Deep Learning",
    author = "Tafreshi, Shabnam  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1246",
    pages = "2905--2913",
    abstract = "Detection and classification of emotion categories expressed by a sentence is a challenging task due to subjectivity of emotion. To date, most of the models are trained and evaluated on single genre and when used to predict emotion in different genre their performance drops by a large margin. To address the issue of robustness, we model the problem within a joint multi-task learning framework. We train this model with a multigenre emotion corpus to predict emotions across various genre. Each genre is represented as a separate task, we use soft parameter shared layers across the various tasks. our experimental results show that this model improves the results across the various genres, compared to a single genre training in the same neural net architecture.",
}
@inproceedings{kulshreshtha-etal-2018-emotional,
    title = "How emotional are you? Neural Architectures for Emotion Intensity Prediction in Microblogs",
    author = "Kulshreshtha, Devang  and
      Goel, Pranav  and
      Kumar Singh, Anil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1247",
    pages = "2914--2926",
    abstract = "Social media based micro-blogging sites like Twitter have become a common source of real-time information (impacting organizations and their strategies, and are used for expressing emotions and opinions. Automated analysis of such content therefore rises in importance. To this end, we explore the viability of using deep neural networks on the specific task of emotion intensity prediction in tweets. We propose a neural architecture combining convolutional and fully connected layers in a non-sequential manner - done for the first time in context of natural language based tasks. Combined with lexicon-based features along with transfer learning, our model achieves state-of-the-art performance, outperforming the previous system by 0.044 or 4.4{\%} Pearson correlation on the WASSA{'}17 EmoInt shared task dataset. We investigate the performance of deep multi-task learning models trained for all emotions at once in a unified architecture and get encouraging results. Experiments performed on evaluating correlation between emotion pairs offer interesting insights into the relationship between them.",
}
@inproceedings{cachola-etal-2018-expressively,
    title = "Expressively vulgar: The socio-dynamics of vulgarity and its effects on sentiment analysis in social media",
    author = "Cachola, Isabel  and
      Holgate, Eric  and
      Preo{\c{t}}iuc-Pietro, Daniel  and
      Li, Junyi Jessy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1248",
    pages = "2927--2938",
    abstract = "Vulgarity is a common linguistic expression and is used to perform several linguistic functions. Understanding their usage can aid both linguistic and psychological phenomena as well as benefit downstream natural language processing applications such as sentiment analysis. This study performs a large-scale, data-driven empirical analysis of vulgar words using social media data. We analyze the socio-cultural and pragmatic aspects of vulgarity using tweets from users with known demographics. Further, we collect sentiment ratings for vulgar tweets to study the relationship between the use of vulgar words and perceived sentiment and show that explicitly modeling vulgar words can boost sentiment analysis performance.",
}
@inproceedings{howell-zamaraeva-2018-clausal,
    title = "Clausal Modifiers in the Grammar Matrix",
    author = "Howell, Kristen  and
      Zamaraeva, Olga",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1249",
    pages = "2939--2952",
    abstract = "We extend the coverage of an existing grammar customization system to clausal modifiers, also referred to as adverbial clauses. We present an analysis, taking a typologically-driven approach to account for this phenomenon across the world{'}s languages, which we implement in the Grammar Matrix customization system (Bender et al., 2002, 2010). Testing our analysis on testsuites from five genetically and geographically diverse languages that were not considered in development, we achieve 88.4{\%} coverage and 1.5{\%} overgeneration.",
}
@inproceedings{yu-liu-2018-sliced,
    title = "Sliced Recurrent Neural Networks",
    author = "Yu, Zeping  and
      Liu, Gongshen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1250",
    pages = "2953--2964",
    abstract = "Recurrent neural networks have achieved great success in many NLP tasks. However, they have difficulty in parallelization because of the recurrent structure, so it takes much time to train RNNs. In this paper, we introduce sliced recurrent neural networks (SRNNs), which could be parallelized by slicing the sequences into many subsequences. SRNNs have the ability to obtain high-level information through multiple layers with few extra parameters. We prove that the standard RNN is a special case of the SRNN when we use linear activation functions. Without changing the recurrent units, SRNNs are 136 times as fast as standard RNNs and could be even faster when we train longer sequences. Experiments on six large-scale sentiment analysis datasets show that SRNNs achieve better performance than standard RNNs.",
}
@inproceedings{changpinyo-etal-2018-multi,
    title = "Multi-Task Learning for Sequence Tagging: An Empirical Study",
    author = "Changpinyo, Soravit  and
      Hu, Hexiang  and
      Sha, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1251",
    pages = "2965--2977",
    abstract = "We study three general multi-task learning (MTL) approaches on 11 sequence tagging tasks. Our extensive empirical results show that in about 50{\%} of the cases, jointly learning all 11 tasks improves upon either independent or pairwise learning of the tasks. We also show that pairwise MTL can inform us what tasks can benefit others or what tasks can be benefited if they are learned jointly. In particular, we identify tasks that can always benefit others as well as tasks that can always be harmed by others. Interestingly, one of our MTL approaches yields embeddings of the tasks that reveal the natural clustering of semantic and syntactic tasks. Our inquiries have opened the doors to further utilization of MTL in NLP.",
}
@inproceedings{moss-etal-2018-using,
    title = "Using J-K-fold Cross Validation To Reduce Variance When Tuning {NLP} Models",
    author = "Moss, Henry  and
      Leslie, David  and
      Rayson, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1252",
    pages = "2978--2989",
    abstract = "K-fold cross validation (CV) is a popular method for estimating the true performance of machine learning models, allowing model selection and parameter tuning. However, the very process of CV requires random partitioning of the data and so our performance estimates are in fact stochastic, with variability that can be substantial for natural language processing tasks. We demonstrate that these unstable estimates cannot be relied upon for effective parameter tuning. The resulting tuned parameters are highly sensitive to how our data is partitioned, meaning that we often select sub-optimal parameter choices and have serious reproducibility issues. Instead, we propose to use the less variable J-K-fold CV, in which J independent K-fold cross validations are used to assess performance. Our main contributions are extending J-K-fold CV from performance estimation to parameter tuning and investigating how to choose J and K. We argue that variability is more important than bias for effective tuning and so advocate lower choices of K than are typically seen in the NLP literature and instead use the saved computation to increase J. To demonstrate the generality of our recommendations we investigate a wide range of case-studies: sentiment classification (both general and target-specific), part-of-speech tagging and document classification.",
}
@inproceedings{kohn-2018-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Natural Language Processing: Challenges, Strategies, and Evaluation",
    author = {K{\"o}hn, Arne},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1253",
    pages = "2990--3003",
    abstract = "Incrementality is ubiquitous in human-human interaction and beneficial for human-computer interaction. It has been a topic of research in different parts of the NLP community, mostly with focus on the specific topic at hand even though incremental systems have to deal with similar challenges regardless of domain. In this survey, I consolidate and categorize the approaches, identifying similarities and differences in the computation and data, and show trade-offs that have to be considered. A focus lies on evaluating incremental systems because the standard metrics often fail to capture the incremental properties of a system and coming up with a suitable evaluation scheme is non-trivial.",
}
@inproceedings{moon-etal-2018-gold,
    title = "Gold Standard Annotations for Preposition and Verb Sense with Semantic Role Labels in Adult-Child Interactions",
    author = "Moon, Lori  and
      Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
      Fisher, Cynthia  and
      Franco, Sandra  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1254",
    pages = "3004--3014",
    abstract = "This paper describes the augmentation of an existing corpus of child-directed speech. The resulting corpus is a gold-standard labeled corpus for supervised learning of semantic role labels in adult-child dialogues. Semantic role labeling (SRL) models assign semantic roles to sentence constituents, thus indicating who has done what to whom (and in what way). The current corpus is derived from the Adam files in the Brown corpus (Brown 1973) of the CHILDES corpora, and augments the partial annotation described in Connor et al. (2010). It provides labels for both semantic arguments of verbs and semantic arguments of prepositions. The semantic role labels and senses of verbs follow Propbank guidelines Kingsbury and Palmer, 2002; Gildea and Palmer 2002; Palmer et al., 2005) and those for prepositions follow Srikumar and Roth (2011). The corpus was annotated by two annotators. Inter-annotator agreement is given separately for prepositions and verbs, and for adult speech and child speech. Overall, across child and adult samples, including verbs and prepositions, the kappa score for sense is 72.6, for the number of semantic-role-bearing arguments, the kappa score is 77.4, for identical semantic role labels on a given argument, the kappa score is 91.1, for the span of semantic role labels, and the kappa for agreement is 93.9. The sense and number of arguments was often open to multiple interpretations in child speech, due to the rapidly changing discourse and omission of constituents in production. Annotators used a discourse context window of ten sentences before and ten sentences after the target utterance to determine the annotation labels. The derived corpus is available for use in CHAT (MacWhinney, 2000) and XML format.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-multi-layer,
    title = "Multi-layer Representation Fusion for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Wang, Qiang  and
      Li, Fuxue  and
      Xiao, Tong  and
      Li, Yanyang  and
      Li, Yinqiao  and
      Zhu, Jingbo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1255",
    pages = "3015--3026",
    abstract = "Neural machine translation systems require a number of stacked layers for deep models. But the prediction depends on the sentence representation of the top-most layer with no access to low-level representations. This makes it more difficult to train the model and poses a risk of information loss to prediction. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer representation fusion (MLRF) approach to fusing stacked layers. In particular, we design three fusion functions to learn a better representation from the stack. Experimental results show that our approach yields improvements of 0.92 and 0.56 BLEU points over the strong Transformer baseline on IWSLT German-English and NIST Chinese-English MT tasks respectively. The result is new state-of-the-art in German-English translation.",
}
@inproceedings{mi-etal-2018-toward,
    title = "Toward Better Loanword Identification in {U}yghur Using Cross-lingual Word Embeddings",
    author = "Mi, Chenggang  and
      Yang, Yating  and
      Wang, Lei  and
      Zhou, Xi  and
      Jiang, Tonghai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1256",
    pages = "3027--3037",
    abstract = "To enrich vocabulary of low resource settings, we proposed a novel method which identify loanwords in monolingual corpora. More specifically, we first use cross-lingual word embeddings as the core feature to generate semantically related candidates based on comparable corpora and a small bilingual lexicon; then, a log-linear model which combines several shallow features such as pronunciation similarity and hybrid language model features to predict the final results. In this paper, we use Uyghur as the receipt language and try to detect loanwords in four donor languages: Arabic, Chinese, Persian and Russian. We conduct two groups of experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach: loanword identification and OOV translation in four language pairs and eight translation directions (Uyghur-Arabic, Arabic-Uyghur, Uyghur-Chinese, Chinese-Uyghur, Uyghur-Persian, Persian-Uyghur, Uyghur-Russian, and Russian-Uyghur). Experimental results on loanword identification show that our method outperforms other baseline models significantly. Neural machine translation models integrating results of loanword identification experiments achieve the best results on OOV translation(with 0.5-0.9 BLEU improvements)",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2018-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Weighting for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Li, Yachao  and
      Li, Junhui  and
      Zhang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1257",
    pages = "3038--3048",
    abstract = "In the popular sequence to sequence (seq2seq) neural machine translation (NMT), there exist many weighted sum models (WSMs), each of which takes a set of input and generates one output. However, the weights in a WSM are independent of each other and fixed for all inputs, suggesting that by ignoring different needs of inputs, the WSM lacks effective control on the influence of each input. In this paper, we propose adaptive weighting for WSMs to control the contribution of each input. Specifically, we apply adaptive weighting for both GRU and the output state in NMT. Experimentation on Chinese-to-English translation and English-to-German translation demonstrates that the proposed adaptive weighting is able to much improve translation accuracy by achieving significant improvement of 1.49 and 0.92 BLEU points for the two translation tasks. Moreover, we discuss in-depth on what type of information is encoded in the encoder and how information influences the generation of target words in the decoder.",
}
@inproceedings{gebhardt-2018-generic,
    title = "Generic refinement of expressive grammar formalisms with an application to discontinuous constituent parsing",
    author = "Gebhardt, Kilian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1258",
    pages = "3049--3063",
    abstract = "We formulate a generalization of Petrov et al. (2006){'}s split/merge algorithm for interpreted regular tree grammars (Koller and Kuhlmann, 2011), which capture a large class of grammar formalisms. We evaluate its effectiveness empirically on the task of discontinuous constituent parsing with two mildly context-sensitive grammar formalisms: linear context-free rewriting systems (Vijay-Shanker et al., 1987) as well as hybrid grammars (Nederhof and Vogler, 2014).",
}
@inproceedings{song-etal-2018-double,
    title = "Double Path Networks for Sequence to Sequence Learning",
    author = "Song, Kaitao  and
      Tan, Xu  and
      He, Di  and
      Lu, Jianfeng  and
      Qin, Tao  and
      Liu, Tie-Yan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1259",
    pages = "3064--3074",
    abstract = "Encoder-decoder based Sequence to Sequence learning (S2S) has made remarkable progress in recent years. Different network architectures have been used in the encoder/decoder. Among them, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Self Attention Networks (SAN) are the prominent ones. The two architectures achieve similar performances but use very different ways to encode and decode context: CNN use convolutional layers to focus on the local connectivity of the sequence, while SAN uses self-attention layers to focus on global semantics. In this work we propose Double Path Networks for Sequence to Sequence learning (DPN-S2S), which leverage the advantages of both models by using double path information fusion. During the encoding step, we develop a double path architecture to maintain the information coming from different paths with convolutional layers and self-attention layers separately. To effectively use the encoded context, we develop a gated attention fusion module and use it to automatically pick up the information needed during the decoding step, which is also a double path network. By deeply integrating the two paths, both types of information are combined and well exploited. Experiments show that our proposed method can significantly improve the performance of sequence to sequence learning over state-of-the-art systems.",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2018-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Investigation of Error Types in {V}ietnamese Parsing",
    author = "Nguyen, Quy  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Noji, Hiroshi  and
      Nguyen, Nhung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1260",
    pages = "3075--3089",
    abstract = "Syntactic parsing plays a crucial role in improving the quality of natural language processing tasks. Although there have been several research projects on syntactic parsing in Vietnamese, the parsing quality has been far inferior than those reported in major languages, such as English and Chinese. In this work, we evaluated representative constituency parsing models on a Vietnamese Treebank to look for the most suitable parsing method for Vietnamese. We then combined the advantages of automatic and manual analysis to investigate errors produced by the experimented parsers and find the reasons for them. Our analysis focused on three possible sources of parsing errors, namely limited training data, part-of-speech (POS) tagging errors, and ambiguous constructions. As a result, we found that the last two sources, which frequently appear in Vietnamese text, significantly attributed to the poor performance of Vietnamese parsing.",
}
@inproceedings{labeau-allauzen-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning with Noise-Contrastive Estimation: Easing training by learning to scale",
    author = "Labeau, Matthieu  and
      Allauzen, Alexandre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1261",
    pages = "3090--3101",
    abstract = "Noise-Contrastive Estimation (NCE) is a learning criterion that is regularly used to train neural language models in place of Maximum Likelihood Estimation, since it avoids the computational bottleneck caused by the output softmax. In this paper, we analyse and explain some of the weaknesses of this objective function, linked to the mechanism of self-normalization, by closely monitoring comparative experiments. We then explore several remedies and modifications to propose tractable and efficient NCE training strategies. In particular, we propose to make the scaling factor a trainable parameter of the model, and to use the noise distribution to initialize the output bias. These solutions, yet simple, yield stable and competitive performances in either small and large scale language modelling tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{abate-etal-2018-parallel,
    title = "Parallel Corpora for bi-lingual {E}nglish-{E}thiopian Languages Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Abate, Solomon Teferra  and
      Melese, Michael  and
      Tachbelie, Martha Yifiru  and
      Meshesha, Million  and
      Atinafu, Solomon  and
      Mulugeta, Wondwossen  and
      Assabie, Yaregal  and
      Abera, Hafte  and
      Ephrem, Binyam  and
      Abebe, Tewodros  and
      Tsegaye, Wondimagegnhue  and
      Lemma, Amanuel  and
      Andargie, Tsegaye  and
      Shifaw, Seifedin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1262",
    pages = "3102--3111",
    abstract = "In this paper, we describe an attempt towards the development of parallel corpora for English and Ethiopian Languages, such as Amharic, Tigrigna, Afan-Oromo, Wolaytta and Ge{'}ez. The corpora are used for conducting a bi-directional statistical machine translation experiments. The BLEU scores of the bi-directional Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems show a promising result. The morphological richness of the Ethiopian languages has a great impact on the performance of SMT specially when the targets are Ethiopian languages. Now we are working towards an optimal alignment for a bi-directional English-Ethiopian languages SMT.",
}
@inproceedings{blackwood-etal-2018-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with Task-Specific Attention",
    author = "Blackwood, Graeme  and
      Ballesteros, Miguel  and
      Ward, Todd",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1263",
    pages = "3112--3122",
    abstract = "Multilingual machine translation addresses the task of translating between multiple source and target languages. We propose task-specific attention models, a simple but effective technique for improving the quality of sequence-to-sequence neural multilingual translation. Our approach seeks to retain as much of the parameter sharing generalization of NMT models as possible, while still allowing for language-specific specialization of the attention model to a particular language-pair or task. Our experiments on four languages of the Europarl corpus show that using a target-specific model of attention provides consistent gains in translation quality for all possible translation directions, compared to a model in which all parameters are shared. We observe improved translation quality even in the (extreme) low-resource zero-shot translation directions for which the model never saw explicitly paired parallel data.",
}
@inproceedings{dellert-2018-combining,
    title = "Combining Information-Weighted Sequence Alignment and Sound Correspondence Models for Improved Cognate Detection",
    author = "Dellert, Johannes",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1264",
    pages = "3123--3133",
    abstract = "Methods for automated cognate detection in historical linguistics invariably build on some measure of form similarity which is designed to capture the remaining systematic similarities between cognate word forms after thousands of years of divergence. A wide range of clustering and classification algorithms has been explored for the purpose, whereas possible improvements on the level of pairwise form similarity measures have not been the main focus of research. The approach presented in this paper improves on this core component of cognate detection systems by a novel combination of information weighting, a technique for putting less weight on reoccurring morphological material, with sound correspondence modeling by means of pointwise mutual information. In evaluations on expert cognacy judgments over a subset of the IPA-encoded NorthEuraLex database, the combination of both techniques is shown to lead to considerable improvements in average precision for binary cognate detection, and modest improvements for distance-based cognate clustering.",
}
@inproceedings{passban-etal-2018-tailoring,
    title = "Tailoring Neural Architectures for Translating from Morphologically Rich Languages",
    author = "Passban, Peyman  and
      Way, Andy  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1265",
    pages = "3134--3145",
    abstract = "A morphologically complex word (MCW) is a hierarchical constituent with meaning-preserving subunits, so word-based models which rely on surface forms might not be powerful enough to translate such structures. When translating from morphologically rich languages (MRLs), a source word could be mapped to several words or even a full sentence on the target side, which means an MCW should not be treated as an atomic unit. In order to provide better translations for MRLs, we boost the existing neural machine translation (NMT) architecture with a double- channel encoder and a double-attentive decoder. The main goal targeted in this research is to provide richer information on the encoder side and redesign the decoder accordingly to benefit from such information. Our experimental results demonstrate that we could achieve our goal as the proposed model outperforms existing subword- and character-based architectures and showed significant improvements on translating from German, Russian, and Turkish into English.",
}
@inproceedings{ive-etal-2018-deepquest,
    title = "deep{Q}uest: A Framework for Neural-based Quality Estimation",
    author = "Ive, Julia  and
      Blain, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1266",
    pages = "3146--3157",
    abstract = "Predicting Machine Translation (MT) quality can help in many practical tasks such as MT post-editing. The performance of Quality Estimation (QE) methods has drastically improved recently with the introduction of neural approaches to the problem. However, thus far neural approaches have only been designed for word and sentence-level prediction. We present a neural framework that is able to accommodate neural QE approaches at these fine-grained levels and generalize them to the level of documents. We test the framework with two sentence-level neural QE approaches: a state of the art approach that requires extensive pre-training, and a new light-weight approach that we propose, which employs basic encoders. Our approach is significantly faster and yields performance improvements for a range of document-level quality estimation tasks. To our knowledge, this is the first neural architecture for document-level QE. In addition, for the first time we apply QE models to the output of both statistical and neural MT systems for a series of European languages and highlight the new challenges resulting from the use of neural MT.",
}
@inproceedings{kabbach-etal-2018-butterfly,
    title = "Butterfly Effects in Frame Semantic Parsing: impact of data processing on model ranking",
    author = "Kabbach, Alexandre  and
      Ribeyre, Corentin  and
      Herbelot, Aur{\'e}lie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1267",
    pages = "3158--3169",
    abstract = "Knowing the state-of-the-art for a particular task is an essential component of any computational linguistics investigation. But can we be truly confident that the current state-of-the-art is indeed the best performing model? In this paper, we study the case of frame semantic parsing, a well-established task with multiple shared datasets. We show that in spite of all the care taken to provide a standard evaluation resource, small variations in data processing can have dramatic consequences for ranking parser performance. This leads us to propose an open-source standardized processing pipeline, which can be shared and reused for robust model comparison.",
}
@inproceedings{sadeghi-scheutz-2018-sensitivity,
    title = "Sensitivity to Input Order: Evaluation of an Incremental and Memory-Limited {B}ayesian Cross-Situational Word Learning Model",
    author = "Sadeghi, Sepideh  and
      Scheutz, Matthias",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1268",
    pages = "3170--3180",
    abstract = "We present a variation of the incremental and memory-limited algorithm in (Sadeghi et al., 2017) for Bayesian cross-situational word learning and evaluate the model in terms of its functional performance and its sensitivity to input order. We show that the functional performance of our sub-optimal model on corpus data is close to that of its optimal counterpart (Frank et al., 2009), while only the sub-optimal model is capable of predicting the input order effects reported in experimental studies.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-xiong-2018-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Weighting for Neural Machine Translation Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Zhang, Shiqi  and
      Xiong, Deyi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1269",
    pages = "3181--3190",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose a new sentence weighting method for the domain adaptation of neural machine translation. We introduce a domain similarity metric to evaluate the relevance between a sentence and an available entire domain dataset. The similarity of each sentence to the target domain is calculated with various methods. The computed similarity is then integrated into the training objective to weight sentences. The adaptation results on both IWSLT Chinese-English TED task and a task with only synthetic training parallel data show that our sentence weighting method is able to achieve an significant improvement over strong baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{aufrant-etal-2018-quantifying,
    title = "Quantifying training challenges of dependency parsers",
    author = "Aufrant, Lauriane  and
      Wisniewski, Guillaume  and
      Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1270",
    pages = "3191--3202",
    abstract = "Not all dependencies are equal when training a dependency parser: some are straightforward enough to be learned with only a sample of data, others embed more complexity. This work introduces a series of metrics to quantify those differences, and thereby to expose the shortcomings of various parsing algorithms and strategies. Apart from a more thorough comparison of parsing systems, these new tools also prove useful for characterizing the information conveyed by cross-lingual parsers, in a quantitative but still interpretable way.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2018-seq2seq,
    title = "Seq2seq Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Li, Zuchao  and
      Cai, Jiaxun  and
      He, Shexia  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1271",
    pages = "3203--3214",
    abstract = "This paper presents a sequence to sequence (seq2seq) dependency parser by directly predicting the relative position of head for each given word, which therefore results in a truly end-to-end seq2seq dependency parser for the first time. Enjoying the advantage of seq2seq modeling, we enrich a series of embedding enhancement, including firstly introduced subword and node2vec augmentation. Meanwhile, we propose a beam search decoder with tree constraint and subroot decomposition over the sequence to furthermore enhance our seq2seq parser. Our parser is evaluated on benchmark treebanks, being on par with the state-of-the-art parsers by achieving 94.11{\%} UAS on PTB and 88.78{\%} UAS on CTB, respectively.",
}
@inproceedings{kadar-etal-2018-revisiting,
    title = "Revisiting the Hierarchical Multiscale {LSTM}",
    author = "K{\'a}d{\'a}r, {\'A}kos  and
      C{\^o}t{\'e}, Marc-Alexandre  and
      Chrupa{\l}a, Grzegorz  and
      Alishahi, Afra",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1272",
    pages = "3215--3227",
    abstract = "Hierarchical Multiscale LSTM (Chung et. al., 2016) is a state-of-the-art language model that learns interpretable structure from character-level input. Such models can provide fertile ground for (cognitive) computational linguistics studies. However, the high complexity of the architecture, training and implementations might hinder its applicability. We provide a detailed reproduction and ablation study of the architecture, shedding light on some of the potential caveats of re-purposing complex deep-learning architectures. We further show that simplifying certain aspects of the architecture can in fact improve its performance. We also investigate the linguistic units (segments) learned by various levels of the model, and argue that their quality does not correlate with the overall performance of the model on language modeling.",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2018-character,
    title = "Character-Level Feature Extraction with Densely Connected Networks",
    author = "Lee, Chanhee  and
      Kim, Young-Bum  and
      Lee, Dongyub  and
      Lim, Heuiseok",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1273",
    pages = "3228--3239",
    abstract = "Generating character-level features is an important step for achieving good results in various natural language processing tasks. To alleviate the need for human labor in generating hand-crafted features, methods that utilize neural architectures such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) or Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to automatically extract such features have been proposed and have shown great results. However, CNN generates position-independent features, and RNN is slow since it needs to process the characters sequentially. In this paper, we propose a novel method of using a densely connected network to automatically extract character-level features. The proposed method does not require any language or task specific assumptions, and shows robustness and effectiveness while being faster than CNN- or RNN-based methods. Evaluating this method on three sequence labeling tasks - slot tagging, Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging, and Named-Entity Recognition (NER) - we obtain state-of-the-art performance with a 96.62 F1-score and 97.73{\%} accuracy on slot tagging and POS tagging, respectively, and comparable performance to the state-of-the-art 91.13 F1-score on NER.",
}
@inproceedings{ugawa-etal-2018-neural,
    title = "Neural Machine Translation Incorporating Named Entity",
    author = "Ugawa, Arata  and
      Tamura, Akihiro  and
      Ninomiya, Takashi  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1274",
    pages = "3240--3250",
    abstract = "This study proposes a new neural machine translation (NMT) model based on the encoder-decoder model that incorporates named entity (NE) tags of source-language sentences. Conventional NMT models have two problems enumerated as follows: (i) they tend to have difficulty in translating words with multiple meanings because of the high ambiguity, and (ii) these models{'}abilitytotranslatecompoundwordsseemschallengingbecausetheencoderreceivesaword, a part of the compound word, at each time step. To alleviate these problems, the encoder of the proposed model encodes the input word on the basis of its NE tag at each time step, which could reduce the ambiguity of the input word. Furthermore,the encoder introduces a chunk-level LSTM layer over a word-level LSTM layer and hierarchically encodes a source-language sentence to capture a compound NE as a chunk on the basis of the NE tags. We evaluate the proposed model on an English-to-Japanese translation task with the ASPEC, and English-to-Bulgarian and English-to-Romanian translation tasks with the Europarl corpus. The evaluation results show that the proposed model achieves up to 3.11 point improvement in BLEU.",
}
@inproceedings{gupta-etal-2018-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing for Technical Support Questions",
    author = "Gupta, Abhirut  and
      Ray, Anupama  and
      Dasgupta, Gargi  and
      Singh, Gautam  and
      Aggarwal, Pooja  and
      Mohapatra, Prateeti",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1275",
    pages = "3251--3259",
    abstract = "Technical support problems are very complex. In contrast to regular web queries (that contain few keywords) or factoid questions (which are a few sentences), these problems usually include attributes like a detailed description of what is failing (symptom), steps taken in an effort to remediate the failure (activity), and sometimes a specific request or ask (intent). Automating support is the task of automatically providing answers to these problems given a corpus of solution documents. Traditional approaches to this task rely on information retrieval and are keyword based; looking for keyword overlap between the question and solution documents and ignoring these attributes. We present an approach for semantic parsing of technical questions that uses grammatical structure to extract these attributes as a baseline, and a CRF based model that can improve performance considerably in the presence of annotated data for training. We also demonstrate that combined with reasoning, these attributes help outperform retrieval baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2018-deconvolution,
    title = "Deconvolution-Based Global Decoding for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Lin, Junyang  and
      Sun, Xu  and
      Ren, Xuancheng  and
      Ma, Shuming  and
      Su, Jinsong  and
      Su, Qi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1276",
    pages = "3260--3271",
    abstract = "A great proportion of sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) models for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) adopt Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to generate translation word by word following a sequential order. As the studies of linguistics have proved that language is not linear word sequence but sequence of complex structure, translation at each step should be conditioned on the whole target-side context. To tackle the problem, we propose a new NMT model that decodes the sequence with the guidance of its structural prediction of the context of the target sequence. Our model generates translation based on the structural prediction of the target-side context so that the translation can be freed from the bind of sequential order. Experimental results demonstrate that our model is more competitive compared with the state-of-the-art methods, and the analysis reflects that our model is also robust to translating sentences of different lengths and it also reduces repetition with the instruction from the target-side context for decoding.",
}
@inproceedings{hao-etal-2018-pattern,
    title = "Pattern-revising Enhanced Simple Question Answering over Knowledge Bases",
    author = "Hao, Yanchao  and
      Liu, Hao  and
      He, Shizhu  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1277",
    pages = "3272--3282",
    abstract = "Question Answering over Knowledge Bases (KB-QA), which automatically answer natural language questions based on the facts contained by a knowledge base, is one of the most important natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Simple questions constitute a large part of questions queried on the web, still being a challenge to QA systems. In this work, we propose to conduct pattern extraction and entity linking first, and put forward pattern revising procedure to mitigate the error propagation problem. In order to learn to rank candidate subject-predicate pairs to enable the relevant facts retrieval given a question, we propose to do joint fact selection enhanced by relation detection. Multi-level encodings and multi-dimension information are leveraged to strengthen the whole procedure. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach sets a new record in this task, outperforming the current state-of-the-art by an absolute large margin.",
}
@inproceedings{tayyar-madabushi-etal-2018-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Question Classification and Deep Learning for improved Answer Selection",
    author = "Tayyar Madabushi, Harish  and
      Lee, Mark  and
      Barnden, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1278",
    pages = "3283--3294",
    abstract = "We present a system for Answer Selection that integrates fine-grained Question Classification with a Deep Learning model designed for Answer Selection. We detail the necessary changes to the Question Classification taxonomy and system, the creation of a new Entity Identification system and methods of highlighting entities to achieve this objective. Our experiments show that Question Classes are a strong signal to Deep Learning models for Answer Selection, and enable us to outperform the current state of the art in all variations of our experiments except one. In the best configuration, our MRR and MAP scores outperform the current state of the art by between 3 and 5 points on both versions of the TREC Answer Selection test set, a standard dataset for this task.",
}
@inproceedings{deng-etal-2018-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge as A Bridge: Improving Cross-domain Answer Selection with External Knowledge",
    author = "Deng, Yang  and
      Shen, Ying  and
      Yang, Min  and
      Li, Yaliang  and
      Du, Nan  and
      Fan, Wei  and
      Lei, Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1279",
    pages = "3295--3305",
    abstract = "Answer selection is an important but challenging task. Significant progresses have been made in domains where a large amount of labeled training data is available. However, obtaining rich annotated data is a time-consuming and expensive process, creating a substantial barrier for applying answer selection models to a new domain which has limited labeled data. In this paper, we propose Knowledge-aware Attentive Network (KAN), a transfer learning framework for cross-domain answer selection, which uses the knowledge base as a bridge to enable knowledge transfer from the source domain to the target domains. Specifically, we design a knowledge module to integrate the knowledge-based representational learning into answer selection models. The learned knowledge-based representations are shared by source and target domains, which not only leverages large amounts of cross-domain data, but also benefits from a regularization effect that leads to more general representations to help tasks in new domains. To verify the effectiveness of our model, we use SQuAD-T dataset as the source domain and three other datasets (i.e., Yahoo QA, TREC QA and InsuranceQA) as the target domains. The experimental results demonstrate that KAN has remarkable applicability and generality, and consistently outperforms the strong competitors by a noticeable margin for cross-domain answer selection.",
}
@inproceedings{sorokin-gurevych-2018-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Semantics with Gated Graph Neural Networks for Knowledge Base Question Answering",
    author = "Sorokin, Daniil  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1280",
    pages = "3306--3317",
    abstract = "The most approaches to Knowledge Base Question Answering are based on semantic parsing. In this paper, we address the problem of learning vector representations for complex semantic parses that consist of multiple entities and relations. Previous work largely focused on selecting the correct semantic relations for a question and disregarded the structure of the semantic parse: the connections between entities and the directions of the relations. We propose to use Gated Graph Neural Networks to encode the graph structure of the semantic parse. We show on two data sets that the graph networks outperform all baseline models that do not explicitly model the structure. The error analysis confirms that our approach can successfully process complex semantic parses.",
}
@inproceedings{amidei-etal-2018-rethinking,
    title = "Rethinking the Agreement in Human Evaluation Tasks",
    author = "Amidei, Jacopo  and
      Piwek, Paul  and
      Willis, Alistair",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1281",
    pages = "3318--3329",
    abstract = "Human evaluations are broadly thought to be more valuable the higher the inter-annotator agreement. In this paper we examine this idea. We will describe our experiments and analysis within the area of Automatic Question Generation. Our experiments show how annotators diverge in language annotation tasks due to a range of ineliminable factors. For this reason, we believe that annotation schemes for natural language generation tasks that are aimed at evaluating language quality need to be treated with great care. In particular, an unchecked focus on reduction of disagreement among annotators runs the danger of creating generation goals that reward output that is more distant from, rather than closer to, natural human-like language. We conclude the paper by suggesting a new approach to the use of the agreement metrics in natural language generation evaluation tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{ghaeini-etal-2018-dependent,
    title = "Dependent Gated Reading for Cloze-Style Question Answering",
    author = "Ghaeini, Reza  and
      Fern, Xiaoli  and
      Shahbazi, Hamed  and
      Tadepalli, Prasad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1282",
    pages = "3330--3345",
    abstract = "We present a novel deep learning architecture to address the cloze-style question answering task. Existing approaches employ reading mechanisms that do not fully exploit the interdependency between the document and the query. In this paper, we propose a novel dependent gated reading bidirectional GRU network (DGR) to efficiently model the relationship between the document and the query during encoding and decision making. Our evaluation shows that DGR obtains highly competitive performance on well-known machine comprehension benchmarks such as the Children{'}s Book Test (CBT-NE and CBT-CN) and Who DiD What (WDW, Strict and Relaxed). Finally, we extensively analyze and validate our model by ablation and attention studies.",
}
@inproceedings{thorne-vlachos-2018-automated,
    title = "Automated Fact Checking: Task Formulations, Methods and Future Directions",
    author = "Thorne, James  and
      Vlachos, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1283",
    pages = "3346--3359",
    abstract = "The recently increased focus on misinformation has stimulated research in fact checking, the task of assessing the truthfulness of a claim. Research in automating this task has been conducted in a variety of disciplines including natural language processing, machine learning, knowledge representation, databases, and journalism. While there has been substantial progress, relevant papers and articles have been published in research communities that are often unaware of each other and use inconsistent terminology, thus impeding understanding and further progress. In this paper we survey automated fact checking research stemming from natural language processing and related disciplines, unifying the task formulations and methodologies across papers and authors. Furthermore, we highlight the use of evidence as an important distinguishing factor among them cutting across task formulations and methods. We conclude with proposing avenues for future NLP research on automated fact checking.",
}
@inproceedings{dungs-etal-2018-rumour,
    title = "Can Rumour Stance Alone Predict Veracity?",
    author = "Dungs, Sebastian  and
      Aker, Ahmet  and
      Fuhr, Norbert  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1284",
    pages = "3360--3370",
    abstract = "Prior manual studies of rumours suggested that crowd stance can give insights into the actual rumour veracity. Even though numerous studies of automatic veracity classification of social media rumours have been carried out, none explored the effectiveness of leveraging crowd stance to determine veracity. We use stance as an additional feature to those commonly used in earlier studies. We also model the veracity of a rumour using variants of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and the collective stance information. This paper demonstrates that HMMs that use stance and tweets{'} times as the only features for modelling true and false rumours achieve F1 scores in the range of 80{\%}, outperforming those approaches where stance is used jointly with content and user based features.",
}
@inproceedings{de-sarkar-etal-2018-attending,
    title = "Attending Sentences to detect Satirical Fake News",
    author = "De Sarkar, Sohan  and
      Yang, Fan  and
      Mukherjee, Arjun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1285",
    pages = "3371--3380",
    abstract = "Satirical news detection is important in order to prevent the spread of misinformation over the Internet. Existing approaches to capture news satire use machine learning models such as SVM and hierarchical neural networks along with hand-engineered features, but do not explore sentence and document difference. This paper proposes a robust, hierarchical deep neural network approach for satire detection, which is capable of capturing satire both at the sentence level and at the document level. The architecture incorporates pluggable generic neural networks like CNN, GRU, and LSTM. Experimental results on real world news satire dataset show substantial performance gains demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed approach. An inspection of the learned models reveals the existence of key sentences that control the presence of satire in news.",
}
@inproceedings{sasaki-etal-2018-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Stances from Social Media Posts using Factorization Machines",
    author = "Sasaki, Akira  and
      Hanawa, Kazuaki  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1286",
    pages = "3381--3390",
    abstract = "Social media provide platforms to express, discuss, and shape opinions about events and issues in the real world. An important step to analyze the discussions on social media and to assist in healthy decision-making is stance detection. This paper presents an approach to detect the stance of a user toward a topic based on their stances toward other topics and the social media posts of the user. We apply factorization machines, a widely used method in item recommendation, to model user preferences toward topics from the social media data. The experimental results demonstrate that users{'} posts are useful to model topic preferences and therefore predict stances of silent users.",
}
@inproceedings{perez-rosas-etal-2018-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection of Fake News",
    author = "P{\'e}rez-Rosas, Ver{\'o}nica  and
      Kleinberg, Bennett  and
      Lefevre, Alexandra  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1287",
    pages = "3391--3401",
    abstract = "The proliferation of misleading information in everyday access media outlets such as social media feeds, news blogs, and online newspapers have made it challenging to identify trustworthy news sources, thus increasing the need for computational tools able to provide insights into the reliability of online content. In this paper, we focus on the automatic identification of fake content in online news. Our contribution is twofold. First, we introduce two novel datasets for the task of fake news detection, covering seven different news domains. We describe the collection, annotation, and validation process in detail and present several exploratory analyses on the identification of linguistic differences in fake and legitimate news content. Second, we conduct a set of learning experiments to build accurate fake news detectors, and show that we can achieve accuracies of up to 76{\%}. In addition, we provide comparative analyses of the automatic and manual identification of fake news.",
}
@inproceedings{kochkina-etal-2018-one,
    title = "All-in-one: Multi-task Learning for Rumour Verification",
    author = "Kochkina, Elena  and
      Liakata, Maria  and
      Zubiaga, Arkaitz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1288",
    pages = "3402--3413",
    abstract = "Automatic resolution of rumours is a challenging task that can be broken down into smaller components that make up a pipeline, including rumour detection, rumour tracking and stance classification, leading to the final outcome of determining the veracity of a rumour. In previous work, these steps in the process of rumour verification have been developed as separate components where the output of one feeds into the next. We propose a multi-task learning approach that allows joint training of the main and auxiliary tasks, improving the performance of rumour verification. We examine the connection between the dataset properties and the outcomes of the multi-task learning models used.",
}
@inproceedings{groth-etal-2018-open,
    title = "Open Information Extraction on Scientific Text: An Evaluation",
    author = "Groth, Paul  and
      Lauruhn, Mike  and
      Scerri, Antony  and
      Daniel Jr., Ron",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1289",
    pages = "3414--3423",
    abstract = "Open Information Extraction (OIE) is the task of the unsupervised creation of structured information from text. OIE is often used as a starting point for a number of downstream tasks including knowledge base construction, relation extraction, and question answering. While OIE methods are targeted at being domain independent, they have been evaluated primarily on newspaper, encyclopedic or general web text. In this article, we evaluate the performance of OIE on scientific texts originating from 10 different disciplines. To do so, we use two state-of-the-art OIE systems using a crowd-sourcing approach. We find that OIE systems perform significantly worse on scientific text than encyclopedic text. We also provide an error analysis and suggest areas of work to reduce errors. Our corpus of sentences and judgments are made available.",
}
@inproceedings{k-sarma-sethares-2018-simple,
    title = "Simple Algorithms For Sentiment Analysis On Sentiment Rich, Data Poor Domains.",
    author = "K Sarma, Prathusha  and
      Sethares, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1290",
    pages = "3424--3435",
    abstract = "Standard word embedding algorithms learn vector representations from large corpora of text documents in an unsupervised fashion. However, the quality of word embeddings learned from these algorithms is affected by the size of training data sets. Thus, applications of these algorithms in domains with only moderate amounts of available data is limited. In this paper we introduce an algorithm that learns word embeddings jointly with a classifier. Our algorithm is called SWESA (Supervised Word Embeddings for Sentiment Analysis). SWESA leverages document label information to learn vector representations of words from a modest corpus of text documents by solving an optimization problem that minimizes a cost function with respect to both word embeddings and the weight vector used for classification. Experiments on several real world data sets show that SWESA has superior performance on domains with limited data, when compared to previously suggested approaches to word embeddings and sentiment analysis tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{leeuwenberg-moens-2018-word,
    title = "Word-Level Loss Extensions for Neural Temporal Relation Classification",
    author = "Leeuwenberg, Artuur  and
      Moens, Marie-Francine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1291",
    pages = "3436--3447",
    abstract = "Unsupervised pre-trained word embeddings are used effectively for many tasks in natural language processing to leverage unlabeled textual data. Often these embeddings are either used as initializations or as fixed word representations for task-specific classification models. In this work, we extend our classification model{'}s task loss with an unsupervised auxiliary loss on the word-embedding level of the model. This is to ensure that the learned word representations contain both task-specific features, learned from the supervised loss component, and more general features learned from the unsupervised loss component. We evaluate our approach on the task of temporal relation extraction, in particular, narrative containment relation extraction from clinical records, and show that continued training of the embeddings on the unsupervised objective together with the task objective gives better task-specific embeddings, and results in an improvement over the state of the art on the THYME dataset, using only a general-domain part-of-speech tagger as linguistic resource.",
}
@inproceedings{yeung-lee-2018-personalized,
    title = "Personalized Text Retrieval for Learners of {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    author = "Yeung, Chak Yan  and
      Lee, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1292",
    pages = "3448--3455",
    abstract = "This paper describes a personalized text retrieval algorithm that helps language learners select the most suitable reading material in terms of vocabulary complexity. The user first rates their knowledge of a small set of words, chosen by a graph-based active learning model. The system trains a complex word identification model on this set, and then applies the model to find texts that contain the desired proportion of new, challenging, and familiar vocabulary. In an evaluation on learners of Chinese as a foreign language, we show that this algorithm is effective in identifying simpler texts for low-proficiency learners, and more challenging ones for high-proficiency learners.",
}
@inproceedings{markov-etal-2018-punctuation,
    title = "Punctuation as Native Language Interference",
    author = "Markov, Ilia  and
      Nastase, Vivi  and
      Strapparava, Carlo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1293",
    pages = "3456--3466",
    abstract = "In this paper, we describe experiments designed to explore and evaluate the impact of punctuation marks on the task of native language identification. Punctuation is specific to each language, and is part of the indicators that overtly represent the manner in which each language organizes and conveys information. Our experiments are organized in various set-ups: the usual multi-class classification for individual languages, also considering classification by language groups, across different proficiency levels, topics and even cross-corpus. The results support our hypothesis that punctuation marks are persistent and robust indicators of the native language of the author, which do not diminish in influence even when a high proficiency level in a non-native language is achieved.",
}
@inproceedings{zilio-etal-2018-investigating,
    title = "Investigating Productive and Receptive Knowledge: A Profile for Second Language Learning",
    author = "Zilio, Leonardo  and
      Wilkens, Rodrigo  and
      Fairon, C{\'e}drick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1294",
    pages = "3467--3478",
    abstract = "The literature frequently addresses the differences in receptive and productive vocabulary, but grammar is often left unacknowledged in second language acquisition studies. In this paper, we used two corpora to investigate the divergences in the behavior of pedagogically relevant grammatical structures in reception and production texts. We further improved the divergence scores observed in this investigation by setting a polarity to them that indicates whether there is overuse or underuse of a grammatical structure by language learners. This led to the compilation of a language profile that was later combined with vocabulary and readability features for classifying reception and production texts in three classes: beginner, intermediate, and advanced. The results of the automatic classification task in both production (0.872 of F-measure) and reception (0.942 of F-measure) were comparable to the current state of the art. We also attempted to automatically attribute a score to texts produced by learners, and the correlation results were encouraging, but there is still a good amount of room for improvement in this task. The developed language profile will serve as input for a system that helps language learners to activate more of their passive knowledge in writing texts.",
}
@inproceedings{chu-etal-2018-iparaphrasing,
    title = "i{P}araphrasing: Extracting Visually Grounded Paraphrases via an Image",
    author = "Chu, Chenhui  and
      Otani, Mayu  and
      Nakashima, Yuta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1295",
    pages = "3479--3492",
    abstract = "A paraphrase is a restatement of the meaning of a text in other words. Paraphrases have been studied to enhance the performance of many natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel task iParaphrasing to extract visually grounded paraphrases (VGPs), which are different phrasal expressions describing the same visual concept in an image. These extracted VGPs have the potential to improve language and image multimodal tasks such as visual question answering and image captioning. How to model the similarity between VGPs is the key of iParaphrasing. We apply various existing methods as well as propose a novel neural network-based method with image attention, and report the results of the first attempt toward iParaphrasing.",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2018-mcdtb,
    title = "{MCDTB}: A Macro-level {C}hinese Discourse {T}ree{B}ank",
    author = "Jiang, Feng  and
      Xu, Sheng  and
      Chu, Xiaomin  and
      Li, Peifeng  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1296",
    pages = "3493--3504",
    abstract = "In view of the differences between the annotations of micro and macro discourse rela-tionships, this paper describes the relevant experiments on the construction of the Macro Chinese Discourse Treebank (MCDTB), a higher-level Chinese discourse corpus. Fol-lowing RST (Rhetorical Structure Theory), we annotate the macro discourse information, including discourse structure, nuclearity and relationship, and the additional discourse information, including topic sentences, lead and abstract, to make the macro discourse annotation more objective and accurate. Finally, we annotated 720 articles with a Kappa value greater than 0.6. Preliminary experiments on this corpus verify the computability of MCDTB.",
}
@inproceedings{srinivasan-etal-2018-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-based Content Construction",
    author = "Srinivasan, Balaji Vasan  and
      Maneriker, Pranav  and
      Krishna, Kundan  and
      Modani, Natwar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1297",
    pages = "3505--3515",
    abstract = "Enterprise content writers are engaged in writing textual content for various purposes. Often, the text being written may already be present in the enterprise corpus in the form of past articles and can be re-purposed for the current needs. In the absence of suitable tools, authors manually curate/create such content (sometimes from scratch) which reduces their productivity. To address this, we propose an automatic approach to generate an initial version of the author{'}s intended text based on an input content snippet. Starting with a set of extracted textual fragments related to the snippet based on the query words in it, the proposed approach builds the desired text from these fragment by simultaneously optimizing the information coverage, relevance, diversity and coherence in the generated content. Evaluations on standard datasets shows improved performance against existing baselines on several metrics.",
}
@inproceedings{roesiger-etal-2018-bridging,
    title = "Bridging resolution: Task definition, corpus resources and rule-based experiments",
    author = "Roesiger, Ina  and
      Riester, Arndt  and
      Kuhn, Jonas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1298",
    pages = "3516--3528",
    abstract = "Recent work on bridging resolution has so far been based on the corpus ISNotes (Markert et al. 2012), as this was the only corpus available with unrestricted bridging annotation. Hou et al. 2014{'}s rule-based system currently achieves state-of-the-art performance on this corpus, as learning-based approaches suffer from the lack of available training data. Recently, a number of new corpora with bridging annotations have become available. To test the generalisability of the approach by Hou et al. 2014, we apply a slightly extended rule-based system to these corpora. Besides the expected out-of-domain effects, we also observe low performance on some of the in-domain corpora. Our analysis shows that this is the result of two very different phenomena being defined as bridging, namely referential and lexical bridging. We also report that filtering out gold or predicted coreferent anaphors before applying the bridging resolution system helps improve bridging resolution.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Disfluency Detection",
    author = "Wang, Feng  and
      Chen, Wei  and
      Yang, Zhen  and
      Dong, Qianqian  and
      Xu, Shuang  and
      Xu, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1299",
    pages = "3529--3538",
    abstract = "While the disfluency detection has achieved notable success in the past years, it still severely suffers from the data scarcity. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel semi-supervised approach which can utilize large amounts of unlabelled data. In this work, a light-weight neural net is proposed to extract the hidden features based solely on self-attention without any Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) or Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In addition, we use the unlabelled corpus to enhance the performance. Besides, the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) training is applied to enforce the similar distribution between the labelled and unlabelled data. The experimental results show that our approach achieves significant improvements over strong baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{mezza-etal-2018-iso,
    title = "{ISO}-Standard Domain-Independent Dialogue Act Tagging for Conversational Agents",
    author = "Mezza, Stefano  and
      Cervone, Alessandra  and
      Stepanov, Evgeny  and
      Tortoreto, Giuliano  and
      Riccardi, Giuseppe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1300",
    pages = "3539--3551",
    abstract = "Dialogue Act (DA) tagging is crucial for spoken language understanding systems, as it provides a general representation of speakers{'} intents, not bound to a particular dialogue system. Unfortunately, publicly available data sets with DA annotation are all based on different annotation schemes and thus incompatible with each other. Moreover, their schemes often do not cover all aspects necessary for open-domain human-machine interaction. In this paper, we propose a methodology to map several publicly available corpora to a subset of the ISO standard, in order to create a large task-independent training corpus for DA classification. We show the feasibility of using this corpus to train a domain-independent DA tagger testing it on out-of-domain conversational data, and argue the importance of training on multiple corpora to achieve robustness across different DA categories.",
}
@inproceedings{alikhani-stone-2018-arrows,
    title = "Arrows are the Verbs of Diagrams",
    author = "Alikhani, Malihe  and
      Stone, Matthew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1301",
    pages = "3552--3563",
    abstract = "Arrows are a key ingredient of schematic pictorial communication. This paper investigates the interpretation of arrows through linguistic, crowdsourcing and machine-learning methodology. Our work establishes a novel analogy between arrows and verbs: we advocate representing arrows in terms of qualitatively different structural and semantic frames, and resolving frames to specific interpretations using shallow world knowledge.",
}
@inproceedings{zamaraeva-etal-2018-improving,
    title = "Improving Feature Extraction for Pathology Reports with Precise Negation Scope Detection",
    author = "Zamaraeva, Olga  and
      Howell, Kristen  and
      Rhine, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1302",
    pages = "3564--3575",
    abstract = "We use a broad coverage, linguistically precise English Resource Grammar (ERG) to detect negation scope in sentences taken from pathology reports. We show that incorporating this information in feature extraction has a positive effect on classification of the reports with respect to cancer laterality compared with NegEx, a commonly used tool for negation detection. We analyze the differences between NegEx and ERG results on our dataset and how these differences indicate some directions for future work.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-bridge,
    title = "Bridge Video and Text with Cascade Syntactic Structure",
    author = "Wang, Guolong  and
      Qin, Zheng  and
      Xu, Kaiping  and
      Huang, Kai  and
      Ye, Shuxiong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1303",
    pages = "3576--3585",
    abstract = "We present a video captioning approach that encodes features by progressively completing syntactic structure (LSTM-CSS). To construct basic syntactic structure (i.e., subject, predicate, and object), we use a Conditional Random Field to label semantic representations (i.e., motions, objects). We argue that in order to improve the comprehensiveness of the description, the local features within object regions can be used to generate complementary syntactic elements (e.g., attribute, adverbial). Inspired by redundancy of human receptors, we utilize a Region Proposal Network to focus on the object regions. To model the final temporal dynamics, Recurrent Neural Network with Path Embeddings is adopted. We demonstrate the effectiveness of LSTM-CSS on generating natural sentences: 42.3{\%} and 28.5{\%} in terms of BLEU@4 and METEOR. Superior performance when compared to state-of-the-art methods are reported on a large video description dataset (i.e., MSR-VTT-2016).",
}
@inproceedings{masumura-etal-2018-multi,
    title = "Multi-task and Multi-lingual Joint Learning of Neural Lexical Utterance Classification based on Partially-shared Modeling",
    author = "Masumura, Ryo  and
      Tanaka, Tomohiro  and
      Higashinaka, Ryuichiro  and
      Masataki, Hirokazu  and
      Aono, Yushi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1304",
    pages = "3586--3596",
    abstract = "This paper is an initial study on multi-task and multi-lingual joint learning for lexical utterance classification. A major problem in constructing lexical utterance classification modules for spoken dialogue systems is that individual data resources are often limited or unbalanced among tasks and/or languages. Various studies have examined joint learning using neural-network based shared modeling; however, previous joint learning studies focused on either cross-task or cross-lingual knowledge transfer. In order to simultaneously support both multi-task and multi-lingual joint learning, our idea is to explicitly divide state-of-the-art neural lexical utterance classification into language-specific components that can be shared between different tasks and task-specific components that can be shared between different languages. In addition, in order to effectively transfer knowledge between different task data sets and different language data sets, this paper proposes a partially-shared modeling method that possesses both shared components and components specific to individual data sets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method using Japanese and English data sets with three different lexical utterance classification tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{bai-etal-2018-source,
    title = "Source Critical Reinforcement Learning for Transferring Spoken Language Understanding to a New Language",
    author = "Bai, He  and
      Zhou, Yu  and
      Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Zhao, Liang  and
      Hwang, Mei-Yuh  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1305",
    pages = "3597--3607",
    abstract = "To deploy a spoken language understanding (SLU) model to a new language, language transferring is desired to avoid the trouble of acquiring and labeling a new big SLU corpus. An SLU corpus is a monolingual corpus with domain/intent/slot labels. Translating the original SLU corpus into the target language is an attractive strategy. However, SLU corpora consist of plenty of semantic labels (slots), which general-purpose translators cannot handle well, not to mention additional culture differences. This paper focuses on the language transferring task given a small in-domain parallel SLU corpus. The in-domain parallel corpus can be used as the first adaptation on the general translator. But more importantly, we show how to use reinforcement learning (RL) to further adapt the adapted translator, where translated sentences with more proper slot tags receive higher rewards. Our reward is derived from the source input sentence exclusively, unlike reward via actor-critical methods or computing reward with a ground truth target sentence. Hence we can adapt the translator the second time, using the big monolingual SLU corpus from the source language. We evaluate our approach on Chinese to English language transferring for SLU systems. The experimental results show that the generated English SLU corpus via adaptation and reinforcement learning gives us over 97{\%} in the slot F1 score and over 84{\%} accuracy in domain classification. It demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed language transferring method. Compared with naive translation, our proposed method improves domain classification accuracy by relatively 22{\%}, and the slot filling F1 score by relatively more than 71{\%}.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2018-prospective,
    title = "A Prospective-Performance Network to Alleviate Myopia in Beam Search for Response Generation",
    author = "Wang, Zongsheng  and
      Bai, Yunzhi  and
      Wu, Bowen  and
      Xu, Zhen  and
      Wang, Zhuoran  and
      Wang, Baoxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1306",
    pages = "3608--3618",
    abstract = "Generative dialog models usually adopt beam search as the inference method to generate responses. However, small-width beam search only focuses on the limited current optima. This deficiency named as myopic bias ultimately suppresses the diversity and probability of generated responses. Although increasing the beam width mitigates the myopic bias, it also proportionally slows down the inference efficiency. To alleviate the myopic bias in small-width beam search, this paper proposes a Prospective-Performance Network (PPN) to predict the future reward of the given partially-generated response, and the future reward is defined by the expectation of the partial response appearing in the top-ranked responses given by a larger-width beam search. Enhanced by PPN, the decoder can promote the results with great potential during the beam search phase. The experimental results on both Chinese and English corpora show that our method is promising to increase the quality and diversity of generated responses, with inference efficiency well maintained.",
}
@inproceedings{xing-etal-2018-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Multi-Task Transfer Learning for {C}hinese Word Segmentation in Medical Text",
    author = "Xing, Junjie  and
      Zhu, Kenny  and
      Zhang, Shaodian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1307",
    pages = "3619--3630",
    abstract = "Chinese word segmentation (CWS) trained from open source corpus faces dramatic performance drop when dealing with domain text, especially for a domain with lots of special terms and diverse writing styles, such as the biomedical domain. However, building domain-specific CWS requires extremely high annotation cost. In this paper, we propose an approach by exploiting domain-invariant knowledge from high resource to low resource domains. Extensive experiments show that our model achieves consistently higher accuracy than the single-task CWS and other transfer learning baselines, especially when there is a large disparity between source and target domains.",
}
@inproceedings{sato-etal-2018-addressee,
    title = "Addressee and Response Selection for Multilingual Conversation",
    author = "Sato, Motoki  and
      Ouchi, Hiroki  and
      Tsuboi, Yuta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1308",
    pages = "3631--3644",
    abstract = "Developing conversational systems that can converse in many languages is an interesting challenge for natural language processing. In this paper, we introduce multilingual addressee and response selection. In this task, a conversational system predicts an appropriate addressee and response for an input message in multiple languages. A key to developing such multilingual responding systems is how to utilize high-resource language data to compensate for low-resource language data. We present several knowledge transfer methods for conversational systems. To evaluate our methods, we create a new multilingual conversation dataset. Experiments on the dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2018-graph,
    title = "Graph Based Decoding for Event Sequencing and Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Liu, Zhengzhong  and
      Mitamura, Teruko  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1309",
    pages = "3645--3657",
    abstract = "Events in text documents are interrelated in complex ways. In this paper, we study two types of relation: Event Coreference and Event Sequencing. We show that the popular tree-like decoding structure for automated Event Coreference is not suitable for Event Sequencing. To this end, we propose a graph-based decoding algorithm that is applicable to both tasks. The new decoding algorithm supports flexible feature sets for both tasks. Empirically, our event coreference system has achieved state-of-the-art performance on the TAC-KBP 2015 event coreference task and our event sequencing system beats a strong temporal-based, oracle-informed baseline. We discuss the challenges of studying these event relations.",
}
@inproceedings{van-miltenburg-etal-2018-didec,
    title = "{DIDEC}: The {D}utch Image Description and Eye-tracking Corpus",
    author = "van Miltenburg, Emiel  and
      K{\'a}d{\'a}r, {\'A}kos  and
      Koolen, Ruud  and
      Krahmer, Emiel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1310",
    pages = "3658--3669",
    abstract = "We present a corpus of spoken Dutch image descriptions, paired with two sets of eye-tracking data: Free viewing, where participants look at images without any particular purpose, and Description viewing, where we track eye movements while participants produce spoken descriptions of the images they are viewing. This paper describes the data collection procedure and the corpus itself, and provides an initial analysis of self-corrections in image descriptions. We also present two studies showing the potential of this data. Though these studies mainly serve as an example, we do find two interesting results: (1) the eye-tracking data for the description viewing task is more coherent than for the free-viewing task; (2) variation in image descriptions (also called {`}image specificity{'}; Jas and Parikh, 2015) is only moderately correlated across different languages. Our corpus can be used to gain a deeper understanding of the image description task, particularly how visual attention is correlated with the image description process.",
}
@inproceedings{simonson-davis-2018-narrative,
    title = "Narrative Schema Stability in News Text",
    author = "Simonson, Dan  and
      Davis, Anthony",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1311",
    pages = "3670--3680",
    abstract = "We investigate the stability of narrative schemas (Chambers and Jurafsky, 2009) automatically induced from a news corpus, representing recurring narratives in a corpus. If such techniques produce meaningful results, we should expect that small changes to the corpus will result in only small changes to the induced schemas. We describe experiments involving successive ablation of a corpus and cross-validation at each stage of ablation, on schemas generated by three different techniques over a general news corpus and topically-specific subcorpora. We also develop a method for evaluating the similarity between sets of narrative schemas, and thus the stability of the schema induction algorithms. This stability analysis affirms the heterogeneous/homogeneous document category hypothesis first presented in Simonson and Davis (2016), whose technique is problematically limited. Additionally, increased ablation leads to increasing stability, so the smaller the remaining corpus, the more stable schema generation appears to be. We surmise that as a corpus grows larger, novel and more varied narratives continue to appear and stability declines, though at some point this decline levels off as new additions to the corpus consist essentially of {``}more of the same.{''}",
}
@inproceedings{yusupov-kuratov-2018-nips,
    title = "{NIPS} Conversational Intelligence Challenge 2017 Winner System: Skill-based Conversational Agent with Supervised Dialog Manager",
    author = "Yusupov, Idris  and
      Kuratov, Yurii",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1312",
    pages = "3681--3692",
    abstract = "We present bot{\#}1337: a dialog system developed for the 1st NIPS Conversational Intelligence Challenge 2017 (ConvAI). The aim of the competition was to implement a bot capable of conversing with humans based on a given passage of text. To enable conversation, we implemented a set of skills for our bot, including chit-chat, topic detection, text summarization, question answering and question generation. The system has been trained in a supervised setting using a dialogue manager to select an appropriate skill for generating a response. The latter allows a developer to focus on the skill implementation rather than the finite state machine based dialog manager. The proposed system bot{\#}1337 won the competition with an average dialogue quality score of 2.78 out of 5 given by human evaluators. Source code and trained models for the bot{\#}1337 are available on GitHub.",
}
@inproceedings{ogorman-etal-2018-amr,
    title = "{AMR} Beyond the Sentence: the Multi-sentence {AMR} corpus",
    author = "O{'}Gorman, Tim  and
      Regan, Michael  and
      Griffitt, Kira  and
      Hermjakob, Ulf  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1313",
    pages = "3693--3702",
    abstract = "There are few corpora that endeavor to represent the semantic content of entire documents. We present a corpus that accomplishes one way of capturing document level semantics, by annotating coreference and similar phenomena (bridging and implicit roles) on top of gold Abstract Meaning Representations of sentence-level semantics. We present a new corpus of this annotation, with analysis of its quality, alongside a plausible baseline for comparison. It is hoped that this Multi-Sentence AMR corpus (MS-AMR) may become a feasible method for developing rich representations of document meaning, useful for tasks such as information extraction and question answering.",
}
@inproceedings{ji-etal-2018-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating Argument-Level Interactions for Persuasion Comments Evaluation using Co-attention Model",
    author = "Ji, Lu  and
      Wei, Zhongyu  and
      Hu, Xiangkun  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Zhang, Qi  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1314",
    pages = "3703--3714",
    abstract = "In this paper, we investigate the issue of persuasiveness evaluation for argumentative comments. Most of the existing research explores different text features of reply comments on word level and ignores interactions between participants. In general, viewpoints are usually expressed by multiple arguments and exchanged on argument level. To better model the process of dialogical argumentation, we propose a novel co-attention mechanism based neural network to capture the interactions between participants on argument level. Experimental results on a publicly available dataset show that the proposed model significantly outperforms some state-of-the-art methods for persuasiveness evaluation. Further analysis reveals that attention weights computed in our model are able to extract interactive argument pairs from the original post and the reply.",
}
@inproceedings{shi-etal-2018-learning,
    title = "Learning Visually-Grounded Semantics from Contrastive Adversarial Samples",
    author = "Shi, Haoyue  and
      Mao, Jiayuan  and
      Xiao, Tete  and
      Jiang, Yuning  and
      Sun, Jian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1315",
    pages = "3715--3727",
    abstract = "We study the problem of grounding distributional representations of texts on the visual domain, namely visual-semantic embeddings (VSE for short). Begin with an insightful adversarial attack on VSE embeddings, we show the limitation of current frameworks and image-text datasets (e.g., MS-COCO) both quantitatively and qualitatively. The large gap between the number of possible constitutions of real-world semantics and the size of parallel data, to a large extent, restricts the model to establish a strong link between textual semantics and visual concepts. We alleviate this problem by augmenting the MS-COCO image captioning datasets with textual contrastive adversarial samples. These samples are synthesized using language priors of human and the WordNet knowledge base, and enforce the model to ground learned embeddings to concrete concepts within the image. This simple but powerful technique brings a noticeable improvement over the baselines on a diverse set of downstream tasks, in addition to defending known-type adversarial attacks. Codes are available at https://github.com/ExplorerFreda/VSE-C.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2018-structured,
    title = "Structured Representation Learning for Online Debate Stance Prediction",
    author = "Li, Chang  and
      Porco, Aldo  and
      Goldwasser, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1316",
    pages = "3728--3739",
    abstract = "Online debates can help provide valuable information about various perspectives on a wide range of issues. However, understanding the stances expressed in these debates is a highly challenging task, which requires modeling both textual content and users{'} conversational interactions. Current approaches take a collective classification approach, which ignores the relationships between different debate topics. In this work, we suggest to view this task as a representation learning problem, and embed the text and authors jointly based on their interactions. We evaluate our model over the Internet Argumentation Corpus, and compare different approaches for structural information embedding. Experimental results show that our model can achieve significantly better results compared to previous competitive models.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2018-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Multi-turn Conversation with Deep Utterance Aggregation",
    author = "Zhang, Zhuosheng  and
      Li, Jiangtong  and
      Zhu, Pengfei  and
      Zhao, Hai  and
      Liu, Gongshen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1317",
    pages = "3740--3752",
    abstract = "Multi-turn conversation understanding is a major challenge for building intelligent dialogue systems. This work focuses on retrieval-based response matching for multi-turn conversation whose related work simply concatenates the conversation utterances, ignoring the interactions among previous utterances for context modeling. In this paper, we formulate previous utterances into context using a proposed deep utterance aggregation model to form a fine-grained context representation. In detail, a self-matching attention is first introduced to route the vital information in each utterance. Then the model matches a response with each refined utterance and the final matching score is obtained after attentive turns aggregation. Experimental results show our model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on three multi-turn conversation benchmarks, including a newly introduced e-commerce dialogue corpus.",
}
@inproceedings{wachsmuth-etal-2018-argumentation,
    title = "Argumentation Synthesis following Rhetorical Strategies",
    author = "Wachsmuth, Henning  and
      Stede, Manfred  and
      El Baff, Roxanne  and
      Al-Khatib, Khalid  and
      Skeppstedt, Maria  and
      Stein, Benno",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1318",
    pages = "3753--3765",
    abstract = "Persuasion is rarely achieved through a loose set of arguments alone. Rather, an effective delivery of arguments follows a rhetorical strategy, combining logical reasoning with appeals to ethics and emotion. We argue that such a strategy means to select, arrange, and phrase a set of argumentative discourse units. In this paper, we model rhetorical strategies for the computational synthesis of effective argumentation. In a study, we let 26 experts synthesize argumentative texts with different strategies for 10 topics. We find that the experts agree in the selection significantly more when following the same strategy. While the texts notably vary for different strategies, especially their arrangement remains stable. The results suggest that our model enables a strategical synthesis.",
}
@inproceedings{banerjee-etal-2018-dataset,
    title = "A Dataset for Building Code-Mixed Goal Oriented Conversation Systems",
    author = "Banerjee, Suman  and
      Moghe, Nikita  and
      Arora, Siddhartha  and
      Khapra, Mitesh M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1319",
    pages = "3766--3780",
    abstract = "There is an increasing demand for goal-oriented conversation systems which can assist users in various day-to-day activities such as booking tickets, restaurant reservations, shopping, etc. Most of the existing datasets for building such conversation systems focus on monolingual conversations and there is hardly any work on multilingual and/or code-mixed conversations. Such datasets and systems thus do not cater to the multilingual regions of the world, such as India, where it is very common for people to speak more than one language and seamlessly switch between them resulting in code-mixed conversations. For example, a Hindi speaking user looking to book a restaurant would typically ask, {``}Kya tum is restaurant mein ek table book karne mein meri help karoge?{''} ({``}Can you help me in booking a table at this restaurant?{''}). To facilitate the development of such code-mixed conversation models, we build a goal-oriented dialog dataset containing code-mixed conversations. Specifically, we take the text from the DSTC2 restaurant reservation dataset and create code-mixed versions of it in Hindi-English, Bengali-English, Gujarati-English and Tamil-English. We also establish initial baselines on this dataset using existing state of the art models. This dataset along with our baseline implementations will be made publicly available for research purposes.",
}
@inproceedings{wen-etal-2018-sequence,
    title = "Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for Task-oriented Dialogue with Dialogue State Representation",
    author = "Wen, Haoyang  and
      Liu, Yijia  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Qin, Libo  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1320",
    pages = "3781--3792",
    abstract = "Classic pipeline models for task-oriented dialogue system require explicit modeling the dialogue states and hand-crafted action spaces to query a domain-specific knowledge base. Conversely, sequence-to-sequence models learn to map dialogue history to the response in current turn without explicit knowledge base querying. In this work, we propose a novel framework that leverages the advantages of classic pipeline and sequence-to-sequence models. Our framework models a dialogue state as a fixed-size distributed representation and use this representation to query a knowledge base via an attention mechanism. Experiment on Stanford Multi-turn Multi-domain Task-oriented Dialogue Dataset shows that our framework significantly outperforms other sequence-to-sequence based baseline models on both automatic and human evaluation.",
}
@inproceedings{mitra-etal-2018-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating Deep Visual Features into Multiobjective based Multi-view Search Results Clustering",
    author = "Mitra, Sayantan  and
      Hasanuzzaman, Mohammed  and
      Saha, Sriparna  and
      Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1321",
    pages = "3793--3805",
    abstract = "Current paper explores the use of multi-view learning for search result clustering. A web-snippet can be represented using multiple views. Apart from textual view cued by both the semantic and syntactic information, a complimentary view extracted from images contained in the web-snippets is also utilized in the current framework. A single consensus partitioning is finally obtained after consulting these two individual views by the deployment of a multiobjective based clustering technique. Several objective functions including the values of a cluster quality measure measuring the goodness of partitionings obtained using different views and an agreement-disagreement index, quantifying the amount of oneness among multiple views in generating partitionings are optimized simultaneously using AMOSA. In order to detect the number of clusters automatically, concepts of variable length solutions and a vast range of permutation operators are introduced in the clustering process. Finally, a set of alternative partitioning are obtained on the final Pareto front by the proposed multi-view based multiobjective technique. Experimental results by the proposed approach on several benchmark test datasets of SRC with respect to different performance metrics evidently establish the power of visual and text-based views in achieving better search result clustering.",
}
@inproceedings{miura-etal-2018-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Tree Structures and Graph Structures with Neural Networks to Classify Discussion Discourse Acts",
    author = "Miura, Yasuhide  and
      Kano, Ryuji  and
      Taniguchi, Motoki  and
      Taniguchi, Tomoki  and
      Misawa, Shotaro  and
      Ohkuma, Tomoko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1322",
    pages = "3806--3818",
    abstract = "We proposed a model that integrates discussion structures with neural networks to classify discourse acts. Several attempts have been made in earlier works to analyze texts that are used in various discussions. The importance of discussion structures has been explored in those works but their methods required a sophisticated design to combine structural features with a classifier. Our model introduces tree learning approaches and a graph learning approach to directly capture discussion structures without structural features. In an evaluation to classify discussion discourse acts in Reddit, the model achieved improvements of 1.5{\%} in accuracy and 2.2 in FB1 score compared to the previous best model. We further analyzed the model using an attention mechanism to inspect interactions among different learning approaches.",
}
@inproceedings{ercan-yildiz-2018-anlamver,
    title = "{A}nlam{V}er: Semantic Model Evaluation Dataset for {T}urkish - Word Similarity and Relatedness",
    author = {Ercan, G{\"o}khan  and
      Y{\i}ld{\i}z, Olcay Taner},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1323",
    pages = "3819--3836",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present AnlamVer, which is a semantic model evaluation dataset for Turkish designed to evaluate word similarity and word relatedness tasks while discriminating those two relations from each other. Our dataset consists of 500 word-pairs annotated by 12 human subjects, and each pair has two distinct scores for similarity and relatedness. Word-pairs are selected to enable the evaluation of distributional semantic models by multiple attributes of words and word-pair relations such as frequency, morphology, concreteness and relation types (e.g., synonymy, antonymy). Our aim is to provide insights to semantic model researchers by evaluating models in multiple attributes. We balance dataset word-pairs by their frequencies to evaluate the robustness of semantic models concerning out-of-vocabulary and rare words problems, which are caused by the rich derivational and inflectional morphology of the Turkish language.",
}
@inproceedings{przepiorkowski-patejuk-2018-arguments,
    title = "Arguments and Adjuncts in Universal Dependencies",
    author = "Przepi{\'o}rkowski, Adam  and
      Patejuk, Agnieszka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1324",
    pages = "3837--3852",
    abstract = "The aim of this paper is to argue for a coherent Universal Dependencies approach to the core vs. non-core distinction. We demonstrate inconsistencies in the current version 2 of UD in this respect {--} mostly resulting from the preservation of the argument{--}adjunct dichotomy despite the declared avoidance of this distinction {--} and propose a relatively conservative modification of UD that is free from these problems.",
}
@inproceedings{ruppenhofer-etal-2018-distinguishing,
    title = "Distinguishing affixoid formations from compounds",
    author = "Ruppenhofer, Josef  and
      Wiegand, Michael  and
      Wilm, Rebecca  and
      Markert, Katja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1325",
    pages = "3853--3865",
    abstract = "We study German affixoids, a type of morpheme in between affixes and free stems. Several properties have been associated with them {--} increased productivity; a bleached semantics, which is often evaluative and/or intensifying and thus of relevance to sentiment analysis; and the existence of a free morpheme counterpart {--} but not been validated empirically. In experiments on a new data set that we make available, we put these key assumptions from the morphological literature to the test and show that despite the fact that affixoids generate many low-frequency formations, we can classify these as affixoid or non-affixoid instances with a best F1-score of 74{\%}.",
}
@inproceedings{niklaus-etal-2018-survey,
    title = "A Survey on Open Information Extraction",
    author = "Niklaus, Christina  and
      Cetto, Matthias  and
      Freitas, Andr{\'e}  and
      Handschuh, Siegfried",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1326",
    pages = "3866--3878",
    abstract = "We provide a detailed overview of the various approaches that were proposed to date to solve the task of Open Information Extraction. We present the major challenges that such systems face, show the evolution of the suggested approaches over time and depict the specific issues they address. In addition, we provide a critique of the commonly applied evaluation procedures for assessing the performance of Open IE systems and highlight some directions for future work.",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2018-design,
    title = "Design Challenges and Misconceptions in Neural Sequence Labeling",
    author = "Yang, Jie  and
      Liang, Shuailong  and
      Zhang, Yue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1327",
    pages = "3879--3889",
    abstract = "We investigate the design challenges of constructing effective and efficient neural sequence labeling systems, by reproducing twelve neural sequence labeling models, which include most of the state-of-the-art structures, and conduct a systematic model comparison on three benchmarks (i.e. NER, Chunking, and POS tagging). Misconceptions and inconsistent conclusions in existing literature are examined and clarified under statistical experiments. In the comparison and analysis process, we reach several practical conclusions which can be useful to practitioners.",
}
@inproceedings{lan-xu-2018-neural,
    title = "Neural Network Models for Paraphrase Identification, Semantic Textual Similarity, Natural Language Inference, and Question Answering",
    author = "Lan, Wuwei  and
      Xu, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1328",
    pages = "3890--3902",
    abstract = "In this paper, we analyze several neural network designs (and their variations) for sentence pair modeling and compare their performance extensively across eight datasets, including paraphrase identification, semantic textual similarity, natural language inference, and question answering tasks. Although most of these models have claimed state-of-the-art performance, the original papers often reported on only one or two selected datasets. We provide a systematic study and show that (i) encoding contextual information by LSTM and inter-sentence interactions are critical, (ii) Tree-LSTM does not help as much as previously claimed but surprisingly improves performance on Twitter datasets, (iii) the Enhanced Sequential Inference Model is the best so far for larger datasets, while the Pairwise Word Interaction Model achieves the best performance when less data is available. We release our implementations as an open-source toolkit.",
}
@inproceedings{thompson-mimno-2018-authorless,
    title = "Authorless Topic Models: Biasing Models Away from Known Structure",
    author = "Thompson, Laure  and
      Mimno, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1329",
    pages = "3903--3914",
    abstract = "Most previous work in unsupervised semantic modeling in the presence of metadata has assumed that our goal is to make latent dimensions more correlated with metadata, but in practice the exact opposite is often true. Some users want topic models that highlight differences between, for example, authors, but others seek more subtle connections across authors. We introduce three metrics for identifying topics that are highly correlated with metadata, and demonstrate that this problem affects between 30 and 50{\%} of the topics in models trained on two real-world collections, regardless of the size of the model. We find that we can predict which words cause this phenomenon and that by selectively subsampling these words we dramatically reduce topic-metadata correlation, improve topic stability, and maintain or even improve model quality.",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2018-sgm,
    title = "{SGM}: Sequence Generation Model for Multi-label Classification",
    author = "Yang, Pengcheng  and
      Sun, Xu  and
      Li, Wei  and
      Ma, Shuming  and
      Wu, Wei  and
      Wang, Houfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1330",
    pages = "3915--3926",
    abstract = "Multi-label classification is an important yet challenging task in natural language processing. It is more complex than single-label classification in that the labels tend to be correlated. Existing methods tend to ignore the correlations between labels. Besides, different parts of the text can contribute differently for predicting different labels, which is not considered by existing models. In this paper, we propose to view the multi-label classification task as a sequence generation problem, and apply a sequence generation model with a novel decoder structure to solve it. Extensive experimental results show that our proposed methods outperform previous work by a substantial margin. Further analysis of experimental results demonstrates that the proposed methods not only capture the correlations between labels, but also select the most informative words automatically when predicting different labels.",
}
@proceedings{coling-2018-international-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    author = "Zhao, Dongyan",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2000",
}
@inproceedings{ciosici-assent-2018-abbreviation,
    title = "Abbreviation Expander - a Web-based System for Easy Reading of Technical Documents",
    author = "Ciosici, Manuel  and
      Assent, Ira",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2001",
    pages = "1--4",
    abstract = "Abbreviations and acronyms are a part of textual communication in most domains. However, abbreviations are not necessarily defined in documents that employ them. Understanding all abbreviations used in a given document often requires extensive knowledge of the target domain and the ability to disambiguate based on context. This creates considerable entry barriers to newcomers and difficulties in automated document processing. Existing abbreviation expansion systems or tools require substantial technical knowledge for set up or make strong assumptions which limit their use in practice. Here, we present Abbreviation Expander, a system that builds on state of the art methods for identification of abbreviations, acronyms and their definitions and a novel disambiguator for abbreviation expansion in an easily accessible web-based solution.",
}
@inproceedings{klie-etal-2018-inception,
    title = "The {INCE}p{TION} Platform: Machine-Assisted and Knowledge-Oriented Interactive Annotation",
    author = "Klie, Jan-Christoph  and
      Bugert, Michael  and
      Boullosa, Beto  and
      Eckart de Castilho, Richard  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2002",
    pages = "5--9",
    abstract = "We introduce INCEpTION, a new annotation platform for tasks including interactive and semantic annotation (e.g., concept linking, fact linking, knowledge base population, semantic frame annotation). These tasks are very time consuming and demanding for annotators, especially when knowledge bases are used. We address these issues by developing an annotation platform that incorporates machine learning capabilities which actively assist and guide annotators. The platform is both generic and modular. It targets a range of research domains in need of semantic annotation, such as digital humanities, bioinformatics, or linguistics. INCEpTION is publicly available as open-source software.",
}
@inproceedings{hellrich-etal-2018-jeseme,
    title = "{J}e{S}em{E}: Interleaving Semantics and Emotions in a Web Service for the Exploration of Language Change Phenomena",
    author = "Hellrich, Johannes  and
      Buechel, Sven  and
      Hahn, Udo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2003",
    pages = "10--14",
    abstract = "We here introduce a substantially extended version of JeSemE, an interactive website for visually exploring computationally derived time-variant information on word meanings and lexical emotions assembled from five large diachronic text corpora. JeSemE is designed for scholars in the (digital) humanities as an alternative to consulting manually compiled, printed dictionaries for such information (if available at all). This tool uniquely combines state-of-the-art distributional semantics with a nuanced model of human emotions, two information streams we deem beneficial for a data-driven interpretation of texts in the humanities.",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2018-know,
    title = "T-Know: a Knowledge Graph-based Question Answering and Infor-mation Retrieval System for Traditional {C}hinese Medicine",
    author = "Liu, Ziqing  and
      Peng, Enwei  and
      Yan, Shixing  and
      Li, Guozheng  and
      Hao, Tianyong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2004",
    pages = "15--19",
    abstract = "T-Know is a knowledge service system based on the constructed knowledge graph of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Using authorized and anonymized clinical records, medicine clinical guidelines, teaching materials, classic medical books, academic publications, etc., as data resources, the system extracts triples from free texts to build a TCM knowledge graph by our developed natural language processing methods. On the basis of the knowledge graph, a deep learning algorithm is implemented for single-round question understanding and multiple-round dialogue. In addition, the TCM knowledge graph also is used to support human-computer interactive knowledge retrieval by normalizing search keywords to medical terminology.",
}
@inproceedings{nam-etal-2018-korean,
    title = "A {K}orean Knowledge Extraction System for Enriching a {KB}ox",
    author = "Nam, Sangha  and
      Kim, Eun-kyung  and
      Kim, Jiho  and
      Jung, Yoosung  and
      Han, Kijong  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2005",
    pages = "20--24",
    abstract = "The increased demand for structured knowledge has created considerable interest in knowledge extraction from natural language sentences. This study presents a new Korean knowledge extraction system and web interface for enriching a KBox knowledge base that expands based on the Korean DBpedia. The aim is to create an endpoint where knowledge can be extracted and added to KBox anytime and anywhere.",
}
@inproceedings{luo-liu-2018-real,
    title = "Real-time Scholarly Retweeting Prediction System",
    author = "Luo, Zhunchen  and
      Liu, Xiao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2006",
    pages = "25--29",
    abstract = "Twitter has become one of the most import channels to spread latest scholarly information because of its fast information spread speed. How to predict whether a scholarly tweet will be retweeted is a key task in understanding the message propagation within large user communities. Hence, we present the real-time scholarly retweeting prediction system that retrieves scholarly tweets which will be retweeted. First, we filter scholarly tweets from tracking a tweet stream. Then, we extract Tweet Scholar Blocks indicating metadata of papers. At last, we combine scholarly features with the Tweet Scholar Blocks to predict whether a scholarly tweet will be retweeted. Our system outperforms chosen baseline systems. Additionally, our system has the potential to predict scientific impact in real-time.",
}
@inproceedings{yerebakan-etal-2018-document,
    title = "Document Representation Learning for Patient History Visualization",
    author = "Yerebakan, Halid Ziya  and
      Shinagawa, Yoshihisa  and
      Bhatia, Parmeet  and
      Zhan, Yiqiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2007",
    pages = "30--33",
    abstract = "We tackle the problem of generating a diagrammatic summary of a set of documents each of which pertains to loosely related topics. In particular, we aim at visualizing the medical histories of patients. In medicine, choosing relevant reports from a patient{'}s past exams for comparison provide valuable information for precise treatment planning. Manually finding the relevant reports for comparison studies from a large database is time-consuming, which could result overlooking of some critical information. This task can be automated by defining similarity among documents which is a nontrivial task since these documents are often stored in an unstructured text format. To facilitate this, we have used a representation learning algorithm that creates a semantic representation space for documents where the clinically related documents lie close to each other. We have utilized referral information to weakly supervise a LSTM network to learn this semantic space. The abstract representations within this semantic space are not only useful to visualize disease progressions corresponding to the relevant report groups of a patient, but are also beneficial to analyze diseases at the population level. The proposed key tool here is clustering of documents based on the document similarity whose metric is learned from corpora.",
}
@inproceedings{preiss-stevenson-2018-hide,
    title = "{H}i{DE}: a Tool for Unrestricted Literature Based Discovery",
    author = "Preiss, Judita  and
      Stevenson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2008",
    pages = "34--37",
    abstract = "As the quantity of publications increases daily, researchers are forced to narrow their attention to their own specialism and are therefore less likely to make new connections with other areas. Literature based discovery (LBD) supports the identification of such connections. A number of LBD tools are available, however, they often suffer from limitations such as constraining possible searches or not producing results in real-time. We introduce HiDE (Hidden Discovery Explorer), an online knowledge browsing tool which allows fast access to hidden knowledge generated from all abstracts in Medline. HiDE is fast enough to allow users to explore the full range of hidden connections generated by an LBD system. The tool employs a novel combination of two approaches to LBD: a graph-based approach which allows hidden knowledge to be generated on a large scale and an inference algorithm to identify the most promising (most likely to be non trivial) information. Available at https://skye.shef.ac.uk/kdisc",
}
@inproceedings{van-cranenburgh-2018-active,
    title = "Active {DOP}: an Active Learning Constituency Treebank Annotation Tool",
    author = "van Cranenburgh, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2009",
    pages = "38--42",
    abstract = "We present a language-independent treebank annotation tool supporting rich annotations with discontinuous constituents and function tags. Candidate analyses are generated by an exemplar-based parsing model that immediately learns from each new annotated sentence during annotation. This makes it suitable for situations in which only a limited seed treebank is available, or a radically different domain is being annotated. The tool offers the possibility to experiment with and evaluate active learning methods to speed up annotation in a naturalistic setting, i.e., measuring actual annotation costs and tracking specific user interactions. The code is made available under the GNU GPL license at https://github.com/andreasvc/activedop.",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2018-crst,
    title = "{CRST}: a Claim Retrieval System in Twitter",
    author = "Ma, Wenjia  and
      Chao, WenHan  and
      Luo, Zhunchen  and
      Jiang, Xin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2010",
    pages = "43--47",
    abstract = "For controversial topics, collecting argumentation-containing tweets which tend to be more convincing will help researchers analyze public opinions. Meanwhile, claim is the heart of argumentation. Hence, we present the first real-time claim retrieval system CRST that retrieves tweets containing claims for a given topic from Twitter. We propose a claim-oriented ranking module which can be divided into the offline topic-independent learning to rank model and the online topic-dependent lexicon model. Our system outperforms previous claim retrieval system and argument mining system. Moreover, the claim-oriented ranking module can be easily adapted to new topics without any manual process or external information, guaranteeing the practicability of our system.",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2018-utilizing,
    title = "Utilizing Graph Measure to Deduce Omitted Entities in Paragraphs",
    author = "Kim, Eun-kyung  and
      Han, Kijong  and
      Kim, Jiho  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2011",
    pages = "48--52",
    abstract = "This demo deals with the problem of capturing omitted arguments in relation extraction given a proper knowledge base for entities of interest. This paper introduces the concept of a salient entity and use this information to deduce omitted entities in the paragraph which allows improving the relation extraction quality. The main idea to compute salient entities is to construct a graph on the given information (by identifying the entities but without parsing it), rank it with standard graph measures and embed it in the context of the sentences.",
}
@inproceedings{muller-strube-2018-transparent,
    title = "Transparent, Efficient, and Robust Word Embedding Access with {WOMBAT}",
    author = {M{\"u}ller, Mark-Christoph  and
      Strube, Michael},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2012",
    pages = "53--57",
    abstract = "We present WOMBAT, a Python tool which supports NLP practitioners in accessing word embeddings from code. WOMBAT addresses common research problems, including unified access, scaling, and robust and reproducible preprocessing. Code that uses WOMBAT for accessing word embeddings is not only cleaner, more readable, and easier to reuse, but also much more efficient than code using standard in-memory methods: a Python script using WOMBAT for evaluating seven large word embedding collections (8.7M embedding vectors in total) on a simple SemEval sentence similarity task involving 250 raw sentence pairs completes in under ten seconds end-to-end on a standard notebook computer.",
}
@inproceedings{mamou-etal-2018-setexpander,
    title = "{S}et{E}xpander: End-to-end Term Set Expansion Based on Multi-Context Term Embeddings",
    author = "Mamou, Jonathan  and
      Pereg, Oren  and
      Wasserblat, Moshe  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Goldberg, Yoav  and
      Eirew, Alon  and
      Green, Yael  and
      Guskin, Shira  and
      Izsak, Peter  and
      Korat, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2013",
    pages = "58--62",
    abstract = "We present SetExpander, a corpus-based system for expanding a seed set of terms into a more complete set of terms that belong to the same semantic class. SetExpander implements an iterative end-to end workflow for term set expansion. It enables users to easily select a seed set of terms, expand it, view the expanded set, validate it, re-expand the validated set and store it, thus simplifying the extraction of domain-specific fine-grained semantic classes. SetExpander has been used for solving real-life use cases including integration in an automated recruitment system and an issues and defects resolution system. A video demo of SetExpander is available at https://drive.google.com/open?id=1e545bB87Autsch36DjnJHmq3HWfSd1Rv .",
}
@inproceedings{iwakura-etal-2018-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Heavy Rain Disaster from Social and Physical Sensor",
    author = "Iwakura, Tomoya  and
      Okajima, Seiji  and
      Igata, Nobuyuki  and
      Takeda, Kunihiro  and
      Yamakage, Yuzuru  and
      Morita, Naoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2014",
    pages = "63--67",
    abstract = "We present our system that assists to detect heavy rain disaster, which is being used in real world in Japan. Our system selects tweets about heavy rain disaster with a document classifier. Then, the locations mentioned in the selected tweets are estimated by a location estimator. Finally, combined the selected tweets with amount of rainfall given by physical sensors and a statistical analysis, our system provides users with visualized results for detecting heavy rain disaster.",
}
@inproceedings{ciobanu-dinu-2018-simulating,
    title = "Simulating Language Evolution: a Tool for Historical Linguistics",
    author = "Ciobanu, Alina Maria  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2015",
    pages = "68--72",
    abstract = "Language change across space and time is one of the main concerns in historical linguistics. In this paper, we develop a language evolution simulator: a web-based tool for word form production to assist in historical linguistics, in studying the evolution of the languages. Given a word in a source language, the system automatically predicts how the word evolves in a target language. The method that we propose is language-agnostic and does not use any external knowledge, except for the training word pairs.",
}
@inproceedings{chuan-an-etal-2018-unified,
    title = "A Unified {R}v{NN} Framework for End-to-End {C}hinese Discourse Parsing",
    author = "Chuan-An, Lin  and
      Huang, Hen-Hsen  and
      Chen, Zi-Yuan  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2016",
    pages = "73--77",
    abstract = "This paper demonstrates an end-to-end Chinese discourse parser. We propose a unified framework based on recursive neural network (RvNN) to jointly model the subtasks including elementary discourse unit (EDU) segmentation, tree structure construction, center labeling, and sense labeling. Experimental results show our parser achieves the state-of-the-art performance in the Chinese Discourse Treebank (CDTB) dataset. We release the source code with a pre-trained model for the NLP community. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first open source toolkit for Chinese discourse parsing. The standalone toolkit can be integrated into subsequent applications without the need of external resources such as syntactic parser.",
}
@inproceedings{spala-etal-2018-web,
    title = "A Web-based Framework for Collecting and Assessing Highlighted Sentences in a Document",
    author = "Spala, Sasha  and
      Dernoncourt, Franck  and
      Chang, Walter  and
      Dockhorn, Carl",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2017",
    pages = "78--81",
    abstract = "Automatically highlighting a text aims at identifying key portions that are the most important to a reader. In this paper, we present a web-based framework designed to efficiently and scalably crowdsource two independent but related tasks: collecting highlight annotations, and comparing the performance of automated highlighting systems. The first task is necessary to understand human preferences and train supervised automated highlighting systems. The second task yields a more accurate and fine-grained evaluation than existing automated performance metrics.",
}
@inproceedings{lo-etal-2018-cool,
    title = "Cool {E}nglish: a Grammatical Error Correction System Based on Large Learner Corpora",
    author = "Lo, Yu-Chun  and
      Chen, Jhih-Jie  and
      Yang, Chingyu  and
      Chang, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2018",
    pages = "82--85",
    abstract = "This paper presents a grammatical error correction (GEC) system that provides corrective feedback for essays. We apply the sequence-to-sequence model, which is frequently used in machine translation and text summarization, to this GEC task. The model is trained by EF-Cambridge Open Language Database (EFCAMDAT), a large learner corpus annotated with grammatical errors and corrections. Evaluation shows that our system achieves competitive performance on a number of publicly available testsets.",
}
@inproceedings{federmann-2018-appraise,
    title = "Appraise Evaluation Framework for Machine Translation",
    author = "Federmann, Christian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2019",
    pages = "86--88",
    abstract = "We present Appraise, an open-source framework for crowd-based annotation tasks, notably for evaluation of machine translation output. This is the software used to run the yearly evaluation campaigns for shared tasks at the WMT Conference on Machine Translation. It has also been used at IWSLT 2017 and, recently, to measure human parity for machine translation for Chinese to English news text. The demo will present the full end-to-end lifecycle of an Appraise evaluation campaign, from task creation to annotation and interpretation of results.",
}
@inproceedings{dessloch-etal-2018-kit,
    title = "{KIT} Lecture Translator: Multilingual Speech Translation with One-Shot Learning",
    author = {Dessloch, Florian  and
      Ha, Thanh-Le  and
      M{\"u}ller, Markus  and
      Niehues, Jan  and
      Nguyen, Thai-Son  and
      Pham, Ngoc-Quan  and
      Salesky, Elizabeth  and
      Sperber, Matthias  and
      St{\"u}ker, Sebastian  and
      Zenkel, Thomas  and
      Waibel, Alexander},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2020",
    pages = "89--93",
    abstract = "In today{'}s globalized world we have the ability to communicate with people across the world. However, in many situations the language barrier still presents a major issue. For example, many foreign students coming to KIT to study are initially unable to follow a lecture in German. Therefore, we offer an automatic simultaneous interpretation service for students. To fulfill this task, we have developed a low-latency translation system that is adapted to lectures and covers several language pairs. While the switch from traditional Statistical Machine Translation to Neural Machine Translation (NMT) significantly improved performance, to integrate NMT into the speech translation framework required several adjustments. We have addressed the run-time constraints and different types of input. Furthermore, we utilized one-shot learning to easily add new topic-specific terms to the system. Besides better performance, NMT also enabled us increase our covered languages through multilingual NMT. {\%} Combining these techniques, we are able to provide an adapted speech translation system for several European languages.",
}
@inproceedings{cetto-etal-2018-graphene-context,
    title = "{G}raphene: a Context-Preserving Open Information Extraction System",
    author = "Cetto, Matthias  and
      Niklaus, Christina  and
      Freitas, Andr{\'e}  and
      Handschuh, Siegfried",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2021",
    pages = "94--98",
    abstract = "We introduce Graphene, an Open IE system whose goal is to generate accurate, meaningful and complete propositions that may facilitate a variety of downstream semantic applications. For this purpose, we transform syntactically complex input sentences into clean, compact structures in the form of core facts and accompanying contexts, while identifying the rhetorical relations that hold between them in order to maintain their semantic relationship. In that way, we preserve the context of the relational tuples extracted from a source sentence, generating a novel lightweight semantic representation for Open IE that enhances the expressiveness of the extracted propositions.",
}
@inproceedings{cheng-etal-2018-languagenet,
    title = "{L}anguage{N}et: Learning to Find Sense Relevant Example Sentences",
    author = "Cheng, Shang-Chien  and
      Chen, Jhih-Jie  and
      Yang, Chingyu  and
      Chang, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2022",
    pages = "99--102",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present a system, LanguageNet, which can help second language learners to search for different meanings and usages of a word. We disambiguate word senses based on the pairs of an English word and its corresponding Chinese translations in a parallel corpus, UM-Corpus. The process involved performing word alignment, learning vector space representations of words and training a classifier to distinguish words into groups of senses. LanguageNet directly shows the definition of a sense, bilingual synonyms and sense relevant examples.",
}
@inproceedings{dasgupta-etal-2018-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Curation and Visualization of Crime Related Information from Incrementally Crawled Multi-source News Reports",
    author = "Dasgupta, Tirthankar  and
      Dey, Lipika  and
      Saha, Rupsa  and
      Naskar, Abir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2023",
    pages = "103--107",
    abstract = "In this paper, we demonstrate a system for the automatic extraction and curation of crime-related information from multi-source digitally published News articles collected over a period of five years. We have leveraged the use of deep convolution recurrent neural network model to analyze crime articles to extract different crime related entities and events. The proposed methods are not restricted to detecting known crimes only but contribute actively towards maintaining an updated crime ontology. We have done experiments with a collection of 5000 crime-reporting News articles span over time, and multiple sources. The end-product of our experiments is a crime-register that contains details of crime committed across geographies and time. This register can be further utilized for analytical and reporting purposes.",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2018-lingke,
    title = "{L}ingke: a Fine-grained Multi-turn Chatbot for Customer Service",
    author = "Zhu, Pengfei  and
      Zhang, Zhuosheng  and
      Li, Jiangtong  and
      Huang, Yafang  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2024",
    pages = "108--112",
    abstract = "Traditional chatbots usually need a mass of human dialogue data, especially when using supervised machine learning method. Though they can easily deal with single-turn question answering, for multi-turn the performance is usually unsatisfactory. In this paper, we present Lingke, an information retrieval augmented chatbot which is able to answer questions based on given product introduction document and deal with multi-turn conversations. We will introduce a fine-grained pipeline processing to distill responses based on unstructured documents, and attentive sequential context-response matching for multi-turn conversations.",
}
@inproceedings{madnani-etal-2018-writing,
    title = "Writing Mentor: Self-Regulated Writing Feedback for Struggling Writers",
    author = "Madnani, Nitin  and
      Burstein, Jill  and
      Elliot, Norbert  and
      Beigman Klebanov, Beata  and
      Napolitano, Diane  and
      Andreyev, Slava  and
      Schwartz, Maxwell",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2025",
    pages = "113--117",
    abstract = "Writing Mentor is a free Google Docs add-on designed to provide feedback to struggling writers and help them improve their writing in a self-paced and self-regulated fashion. Writing Mentor uses natural language processing (NLP) methods and resources to generate feedback in terms of features that research into post-secondary struggling writers has classified as developmental (Burstein et al., 2016b). These features span many writing sub-constructs (use of sources, claims, and evidence; topic development; coherence; and knowledge of English conventions). Prelimi- nary analysis indicates that users have a largely positive impression of Writing Mentor in terms of usability and potential impact on their writing.",
}
@inproceedings{gartner-etal-2018-nlatool,
    title = "{NLAT}ool: an Application for Enhanced Deep Text Understanding",
    author = {G{\"a}rtner, Markus  and
      Mayer, Sven  and
      Schwind, Valentin  and
      H{\"a}mmerle, Eric  and
      Turcan, Emine  and
      Rheinwald, Florin  and
      Murawski, Gustav  and
      Lischke, Lars  and
      Kuhn, Jonas},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2026",
    pages = "118--122",
    abstract = "Today, we see an ever growing number of tools supporting text annotation. Each of these tools is optimized for specific use-cases such as named entity recognition. However, we see large growing knowledge bases such as Wikipedia or the Google Knowledge Graph. In this paper, we introduce NLATool, a web application developed using a human-centered design process. The application combines supporting text annotation and enriching the text with additional information from a number of sources directly within the application. The tool assists users to efficiently recognize named entities, annotate text, and automatically provide users additional information while solving deep text understanding tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{itegulov-etal-2018-sensala,
    title = "{S}ensala: a Dynamic Semantics System for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Itegulov, Daniyar  and
      Lebedeva, Ekaterina  and
      Woltzenlogel Paleo, Bruno",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2027",
    pages = "123--127",
    abstract = "Here we describe Sensala , an open source framework for the semantic interpretation of natural language that provides the logical meaning of a given text. The framework{'}s theory is based on a lambda calculus with exception handling and uses contexts, continuations, events and dependent types to handle a wide range of complex linguistic phenomena, such as donkey anaphora, verb phrase anaphora, propositional anaphora, presuppositions and implicatures.",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2018-device,
    title = "On-Device Neural Language Model Based Word Prediction",
    author = "Yu, Seunghak  and
      Kulkarni, Nilesh  and
      Lee, Haejun  and
      Kim, Jihie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2028",
    pages = "128--131",
    abstract = "Recent developments in deep learning with application to language modeling have led to success in tasks of text processing, summarizing and machine translation. However, deploying huge language models for the mobile device such as on-device keyboards poses computation as a bottle-neck due to their puny computation capacities. In this work, we propose an on-device neural language model based word prediction method that optimizes run-time memory and also provides a real-time prediction environment. Our model size is 7.40MB and has average prediction time of 6.47 ms. Our proposed model outperforms the existing methods for word prediction in terms of keystroke savings and word prediction rate and has been successfully commercialized.",
}
@inproceedings{kovatchev-etal-2018-warp,
    title = "{WARP}-Text: a Web-Based Tool for Annotating Relationships between Pairs of Texts",
    author = "Kovatchev, Venelin  and
      Mart{\'\i}, M. Ant{\`o}nia  and
      Salam{\'o}, Maria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2029",
    pages = "132--136",
    abstract = "We present WARP-Text, an open-source web-based tool for annotating relationships between pairs of texts. WARP-Text supports multi-layer annotation and custom definitions of inter-textual and intra-textual relationships. Annotation can be performed at different granularity levels (such as sentences, phrases, or tokens). WARP-Text has an intuitive user-friendly interface both for project managers and annotators. WARP-Text fills a gap in the currently available NLP toolbox, as open-source alternatives for annotation of pairs of text are not readily available. WARP-Text has already been used in several annotation tasks and can be of interest to the researchers working in the areas of Paraphrasing, Entailment, Simplification, and Summarization, among others.",
}
@inproceedings{shiue-etal-2018-chinese,
    title = "A {C}hinese Writing Correction System for Learning {C}hinese as a Foreign Language",
    author = "Shiue, Yow-Ting  and
      Huang, Hen-Hsen  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2030",
    pages = "137--141",
    abstract = "We present a Chinese writing correction system for learning Chinese as a foreign language. The system takes a wrong input sentence and generates several correction suggestions. It also retrieves example Chinese sentences with English translations, helping users understand the correct usages of certain grammar patterns. This is the first available Chinese writing error correction system based on the neural machine translation framework. We discuss several design choices and show empirical results to support our decisions.",
}
@inproceedings{baumartz-etal-2018-ltv,
    title = "{LTV}: Labeled Topic Vector",
    author = "Baumartz, Daniel  and
      Uslu, Tolga  and
      Mehler, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2031",
    pages = "142--145",
    abstract = "In this paper we present LTV, a website and API that generates labeled topic classifications based on the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), an international standard for topic classification in libraries. We introduce nnDDC, a largely language-independent natural network-based classifier for DDC, which we optimized using a wide range of linguistic features to achieve an F-score of 87.4{\%}. To show that our approach is language-independent, we evaluate nnDDC using up to 40 different languages. We derive a topic model based on nnDDC, which generates probability distributions over semantic units for any input on sense-, word- and text-level. Unlike related approaches, however, these probabilities are estimated by means of nnDDC so that each dimension of the resulting vector representation is uniquely labeled by a DDC class. In this way, we introduce a neural network-based Classifier-Induced Semantic Space (nnCISS).",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2018-interpretable,
    title = "Interpretable Rationale Augmented Charge Prediction System",
    author = "Jiang, Xin  and
      Ye, Hai  and
      Luo, Zhunchen  and
      Chao, WenHan  and
      Ma, Wenjia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2032",
    pages = "146--151",
    abstract = "This paper proposes a neural based system to solve the essential interpretability problem existing in text classification, especially in charge prediction task. First, we use a deep reinforcement learning method to extract rationales which mean short, readable and decisive snippets from input text. Then a rationale augmented classification model is proposed to elevate the prediction accuracy. Naturally, the extracted rationales serve as the introspection explanation for the prediction result of the model, enhancing the transparency of the model. Experimental results demonstrate that our system is able to extract readable rationales in a high consistency with manual annotation and is comparable with the attention model in prediction accuracy.",
}
@inproceedings{khan-etal-2018-cross,
    title = "A Cross-lingual Messenger with Keyword Searchable Phrases for the Travel Domain",
    author = "Khan, Shehroze  and
      Kim, Jihyun  and
      Zulfikarpasic, Tarik  and
      Chen, Peter  and
      Habash, Nizar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2033",
    pages = "152--156",
    abstract = "We present Qutr (Query Translator), a smart cross-lingual communication application for the travel domain. Qutr is a real-time messaging app that automatically translates conversations while supporting keyword-to-sentence matching. Qutr relies on querying a database that holds commonly used pre-translated travel-domain phrases and phrase templates in different languages with the use of keywords. The query matching supports paraphrases, incomplete keywords and some input spelling errors. The application addresses common cross-lingual communication issues such as translation accuracy, speed, privacy, and personalization.",
}
@inproceedings{nair-etal-2018-towards,
    title = "Towards Automated Extraction of Business Constraints from Unstructured Regulatory Text",
    author = "Nair, Rahul  and
      Levacher, Killian  and
      Stephenson, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2034",
    pages = "157--160",
    abstract = "Large organizations spend considerable resources in reviewing regulations and ensuring that their business processes are compliant with the law. To make compliance workflows more efficient and responsive, we present a system for machine-driven annotations of legal documents. A set of natural language processing pipelines are designed and aimed at addressing some key questions in this domain: (a) is this (new) regulation relevant for me? (b) what set of requirements does this law impose?, and (c) what is the regulatory intent of a law? The system is currently undergoing user trials within our organization.",
}
@inproceedings{do-etal-2018-flexible,
    title = "A Flexible and Easy-to-use Semantic Role Labeling Framework for Different Languages",
    author = "Do, Quynh Ngoc Thi  and
      Leeuwenberg, Artuur  and
      Heyman, Geert  and
      Moens, Marie-Francine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2035",
    pages = "161--165",
    abstract = "This paper presents a flexible and open source framework for deep semantic role labeling. We aim at facilitating easy exploration of model structures for multiple languages with different characteristics. It provides flexibility in its model construction in terms of word representation, sequence representation, output modeling, and inference styles and comes with clear output visualization. The framework is available under the Apache 2.0 license.",
}
@proceedings{coling-2018-international-linguistics-tutorial,
    title = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    author = "Scott, Donia  and
      Walker, Marilyn  and
      Fung, Pascale",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-3000",
}
@inproceedings{murray-etal-2018-nlp,
    title = "{NLP} for Conversations: Sentiment, Summarization, and Group Dynamics",
    author = "Murray, Gabriel  and
      Carenini, Giuseppe  and
      Joty, Shafiq",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-3001",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{dakota-kubler-2018-practical,
    title = "Practical Parsing for Downstream Applications",
    author = {Dakota, Daniel  and
      K{\"u}bler, Sandra},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-3002",
    pages = "5--7",
}
@inproceedings{baker-etal-2018-frame,
    title = "Frame Semantics across Languages: Towards a Multilingual {F}rame{N}et",
    author = "Baker, Collin  and
      Ellsworth, Michael  and
      Petruck, Miriam R. L.  and
      Swayamdipta, Swabha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-3003",
    pages = "9--12",
}
@inproceedings{chien-2018-deep,
    title = "Deep {B}ayesian Learning and Understanding",
    author = "Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-3004",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{stajner-saggion-2018-data,
    title = "Data-Driven Text Simplification",
    author = "{\v{S}}tajner, Sanja  and
      Saggion, Horacio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-3005",
    pages = "19--23",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2018-deep,
    title = "Deep Learning for Dialogue Systems",
    author = {Chen, Yun-Nung  and
      Celikyilmaz, Asli  and
      Hakkani-T{\"u}r, Dilek},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = aug,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-3006",
    pages = "25--31",
}
@proceedings{ranlp-2013-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    author = "Mitkov, Ruslan  and
      Angelova, Galia  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1000",
}
@inproceedings{abdul-mageed-etal-2013-asma,
    title = "{ASMA}: A System for Automatic Segmentation and Morpho-Syntactic Disambiguation of Modern Standard {A}rabic",
    author = {Abdul-Mageed, Muhammad  and
      Diab, Mona  and
      K{\"u}bler, Sandra},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1001",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{alabbas-ramsay-2013-optimising,
    title = "Optimising Tree Edit Distance with Subtrees for Textual Entailment",
    author = "Alabbas, Maytham  and
      Ramsay, Allan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1002",
    pages = "9--17",
}
@inproceedings{ali-etal-2013-opinion,
    title = "Opinion Learning from Medical Forums",
    author = "Ali, Tanveer  and
      Sokolova, Marina  and
      Schramm, David  and
      Inkpen, Diana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1003",
    pages = "18--24",
}
@inproceedings{aliane-etal-2013-annotating,
    title = "Annotating events, Time and Place Expressions in {A}rabic Texts",
    author = "Aliane, Hassina  and
      Guendouzi, Wassila  and
      Mokrani, Amina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1004",
    pages = "25--31",
}
@inproceedings{althobaiti-etal-2013-semi,
    title = "A Semi-supervised Learning Approach to {A}rabic Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Althobaiti, Maha  and
      Kruschwitz, Udo  and
      Poesio, Massimo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1005",
    pages = "32--40",
}
@inproceedings{azab-etal-2013-nlp,
    title = "An {NLP}-based Reading Tool for Aiding Non-native {E}nglish Readers",
    author = "Azab, Mahmoud  and
      Salama, Ahmed  and
      Oflazer, Kemal  and
      Shima, Hideki  and
      Araki, Jun  and
      Mitamura, Teruko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1006",
    pages = "41--48",
}
@inproceedings{balahur-turchi-2013-improving,
    title = "Improving Sentiment Analysis in Twitter Using Multilingual Machine Translated Data",
    author = "Balahur, Alexandra  and
      Turchi, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1007",
    pages = "49--55",
}
@inproceedings{baucom-etal-2013-domain,
    title = "Domain Adaptation for Parsing",
    author = {Baucom, Eric  and
      King, Levi  and
      K{\"u}bler, Sandra},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1008",
    pages = "56--64",
}
@inproceedings{bhattarai-rus-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards a Structured Representation of Generic Concepts and Relations in Large Text Corpora",
    author = "Bhattarai, Archana  and
      Rus, Vasile",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1009",
    pages = "65--73",
}
@inproceedings{bobicev-etal-2013-authorship,
    title = "Authorship Attribution in Health Forums",
    author = "Bobicev, Victoria  and
      Sokolova, Marina  and
      El Emam, Khaled  and
      Matwin, Stan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1010",
    pages = "74--82",
}
@inproceedings{bontcheva-etal-2013-twitie,
    title = "{T}wit{IE}: An Open-Source Information Extraction Pipeline for Microblog Text",
    author = "Bontcheva, Kalina  and
      Derczynski, Leon  and
      Funk, Adam  and
      Greenwood, Mark  and
      Maynard, Diana  and
      Aswani, Niraj",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1011",
    pages = "83--90",
}
@inproceedings{boros-2013-unified,
    title = "A unified lexical processing framework based on the Margin Infused Relaxed Algorithm. A case study on the {R}omanian Language",
    author = "Boro{\textcommabelow{s}}, Tiberiu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1012",
    pages = "91--97",
}
@inproceedings{boubel-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic extraction of contextual valence shifters.",
    author = "Boubel, No{\'e}mi  and
      Fran{\c{c}}ois, Thomas  and
      Naets, Hubert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1013",
    pages = "98--104",
}
@inproceedings{bretschneider-etal-2013-grammar,
    title = "Grammar-Based Lexicon Extension for Aligning {G}erman Radiology Text and Images",
    author = "Bretschneider, Claudia  and
      Zillner, Sonja  and
      Hammon, Matthias",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1014",
    pages = "105--112",
}
@inproceedings{brucato-etal-2013-recognising,
    title = "Recognising and Interpreting Named Temporal Expressions",
    author = "Brucato, Matteo  and
      Derczynski, Leon  and
      Llorens, Hector  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina  and
      Jensen, Christian S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1015",
    pages = "113--121",
}
@inproceedings{brychcin-habernal-2013-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Improving of Sentiment Analysis Using Global Target Context",
    author = "Brychc{\'\i}n, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}}  and
      Habernal, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1016",
    pages = "122--128",
}
@inproceedings{can-manandhar-2013-agglomerative,
    title = "An Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Labelling Morphs",
    author = "Can, Burcu  and
      Manandhar, Suresh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1017",
    pages = "129--135",
}
@inproceedings{ciobanu-etal-2013-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Text Classification for {R}omanian Novels set in the Past",
    author = "Ciobanu, Alina Maria  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.  and
      {\c{S}}ulea, Octavia-Maria  and
      Dinu, Anca  and
      Niculae, Vlad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1018",
    pages = "136--140",
}
@inproceedings{ciobanu-dinu-2013-dictionary,
    title = "A Dictionary-Based Approach for Evaluating Orthographic Methods in Cognates Identification",
    author = "Ciobanu, Alina Maria  and
      Dinu, Liviu Petrisor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1019",
    pages = "141--147",
}
@inproceedings{clematide-klenner-2013-pilot,
    title = "A Pilot Study on the Semantic Classification of Two {G}erman Prepositions: Combining Monolingual and Multilingual Evidence",
    author = "Clematide, Simon  and
      Klenner, Manfred",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1020",
    pages = "148--155",
}
@inproceedings{cybulska-vossen-2013-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Relations between Events and their Time, Locations and Participants for Event Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Cybulska, Agata  and
      Vossen, Piek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1021",
    pages = "156--163",
}
@inproceedings{dandala-etal-2013-sense,
    title = "Sense Clustering Using {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Dandala, Bharath  and
      Hokamp, Chris  and
      Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Bunescu, Razvan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1022",
    pages = "164--171",
}
@inproceedings{de-amorim-zampieri-2013-effective,
    title = "Effective Spell Checking Methods Using Clustering Algorithms",
    author = "de Amorim, Renato Cordeiro  and
      Zampieri, Marcos",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1023",
    pages = "172--178",
}
@inproceedings{de-clercq-etal-2013-normalization,
    title = "Normalization of {D}utch User-Generated Content",
    author = "De Clercq, Orph{\'e}e  and
      Schulz, Sarah  and
      Desmet, Bart  and
      Lefever, Els  and
      Hoste, V{\'e}ronique",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1024",
    pages = "179--188",
}
@inproceedings{dellorletta-etal-2013-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Profiling of Texts Across Textual Genres and Readability Levels. An Exploratory Study on {I}talian Fictional Prose",
    author = "Dell{'}Orletta, Felice  and
      Montemagni, Simonetta  and
      Venturi, Giulia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1025",
    pages = "189--197",
}
@inproceedings{derczynski-etal-2013-twitter,
    title = "Twitter Part-of-Speech Tagging for All: Overcoming Sparse and Noisy Data",
    author = "Derczynski, Leon  and
      Ritter, Alan  and
      Clark, Sam  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1026",
    pages = "198--206",
}
@inproceedings{dimitroff-etal-2013-weighted,
    title = "Weighted maximum likelihood loss as a convenient shortcut to optimizing the F-measure of maximum entropy classifiers",
    author = "Dimitroff, Georgi  and
      Tolo{\c{s}}i, Laura  and
      Popov, Borislav  and
      Georgiev, Georgi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1027",
    pages = "207--214",
}
@inproceedings{dinu-etal-2013-sequence,
    title = "Sequence Tagging for Verb Conjugation in {R}omanian",
    author = "Dinu, Liviu  and
      {\c{S}}ulea, Octavia-Maria  and
      Niculae, Vlad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1028",
    pages = "215--220",
}
@inproceedings{dornescu-etal-2013-tagging,
    title = "A Tagging Approach to Identify Complex Constituents for Text Simplification",
    author = "Dornescu, Iustin  and
      Evans, Richard  and
      Or{\u{a}}san, Constantin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1029",
    pages = "221--229",
}
@inproceedings{echizenya-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Evaluation Metric for Machine Translation that is Independent of Sentence Length",
    author = "Echizen{'}ya, Hiroshi  and
      Araki, Kenji  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1030",
    pages = "230--236",
}
@inproceedings{ehrmann-etal-2013-acronym,
    title = "Acronym recognition and processing in 22 languages",
    author = "Ehrmann, Maud  and
      Della Rocca, Leonida  and
      Steinberger, Ralf  and
      Tannev, Hristo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1031",
    pages = "237--244",
}
@inproceedings{ellouze-etal-2013-evaluation,
    title = "An Evaluation Summary Method Based on a Combination of Content and Linguistic Metrics",
    author = "Ellouze, Samira  and
      Jaoua, Maher  and
      Hadrich Belguith, Lamia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1032",
    pages = "245--251",
}
@inproceedings{erbs-etal-2013-hierarchy,
    title = "Hierarchy Identification for Automatically Generating Table-of-Contents",
    author = "Erbs, Nicolai  and
      Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Zesch, Torsten",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1033",
    pages = "252--260",
}
@inproceedings{eshaghzadeh-torbati-etal-2013-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Relation Classification in {P}ersian and {E}nglish contexts",
    author = "Eshaghzadeh Torbati, Mahbaneh  and
      Ghassem-sani, Gholamreza  and
      Mirroshandel, Seyed Abolghasem  and
      Yaghoobzadeh, Yadollah  and
      Karimi Hosseini, Negin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1034",
    pages = "261--269",
}
@inproceedings{evans-2013-extended,
    title = "The Extended Lexicon: Language Processing as Lexical Description",
    author = "Evans, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1035",
    pages = "270--276",
}
@inproceedings{field-etal-2013-really,
    title = "Did {I} really mean that? Applying automatic summarisation techniques to formative feedback",
    author = "Field, Debora  and
      Pulman, Stephen  and
      Van Labeke, Nicolas  and
      Whitelock, Denise  and
      Richardson, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1036",
    pages = "277--284",
}
@inproceedings{galitsky-etal-2013-matching,
    title = "Matching sets of parse trees for answering multi-sentence questions",
    author = "Galitsky, Boris  and
      Ilvovsky, Dmitry  and
      Kuznetsov, Sergei O.  and
      Strok, Fedor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1037",
    pages = "285--293",
}
@inproceedings{gerdjikov-etal-2013-realization,
    title = "Realization of common statistical methods in computational linguistics with functional automata",
    author = "Gerdjikov, Stefan  and
      Mitankin, Petar  and
      Nenchev, Vladislav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1038",
    pages = "294--301",
}
@inproceedings{ghosh-etal-2013-mining,
    title = "Mining Fine-grained Opinion Expressions with Shallow Parsing",
    author = "Ghosh, Sucheta  and
      Tonelli, Sara  and
      Johansson, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1039",
    pages = "302--310",
}
@inproceedings{horacek-2013-justifying,
    title = "Justifying Corpus-Based Choices in Referring Expression Generation",
    author = "Horacek, Helmut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1040",
    pages = "311--318",
}
@inproceedings{iwakura-2013-boosting,
    title = "A Boosting-based Algorithm for Classification of Semi-Structured Text using the Frequency of Substructures",
    author = "Iwakura, Tomoya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1041",
    pages = "319--326",
}
@inproceedings{jamison-gurevych-2013-headerless,
    title = "Headerless, Quoteless, but not Hopeless? Using Pairwise Email Classification to Disentangle Email Threads",
    author = "Jamison, Emily  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1042",
    pages = "327--335",
}
@inproceedings{kazakov-shahid-2013-using,
    title = "Using Parallel Corpora for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Kazakov, Dimitar  and
      Shahid, Ahmad R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1043",
    pages = "336--341",
}
@inproceedings{kedzia-maziarz-2013-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing semantic relations within Polish noun phrase: A rule-based approach",
    author = "K{\k{e}}dzia, Pawe{\l}  and
      Maziarz, Marek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1044",
    pages = "342--349",
}
@inproceedings{khaliq-carroll-2013-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Induction of {A}rabic Root and Pattern Lexicons using Machine Learning",
    author = "Khaliq, Bilal  and
      Carroll, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1045",
    pages = "350--356",
}
@inproceedings{khan-etal-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards Domain Adaptation for Parsing Web Data",
    author = {Khan, Mohammad  and
      Dickinson, Markus  and
      K{\"u}bler, Sandra},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1046",
    pages = "357--364",
}
@inproceedings{kochmar-briscoe-2013-capturing,
    title = "Capturing Anomalies in the Choice of Content Words in Compositional Distributional Semantic Space",
    author = "Kochmar, Ekaterina  and
      Briscoe, Ted",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1047",
    pages = "365--372",
}
@inproceedings{kohn-menzel-2013-incremental,
    title = "Incremental and Predictive Dependency Parsing under Real-Time Conditions",
    author = {K{\"o}hn, Arne  and
      Menzel, Wolfgang},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1048",
    pages = "373--381",
}
@inproceedings{lefrancois-gandon-2013-rationale,
    title = "Rationale, Concepts, and Current Outcome of the Unit Graphs Framework",
    author = "Lefran{\c{c}}ois, Maxime  and
      Gandon, Fabien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1049",
    pages = "382--388",
}
@inproceedings{lefrancois-gandon-2013-unit,
    title = "The Unit Graphs Framework: Foundational Concepts and Semantic Consequence",
    author = "Lefran{\c{c}}ois, Maxime  and
      Gandon, Fabien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1050",
    pages = "389--395",
}
@inproceedings{li-grishman-2013-confidence,
    title = "Confidence Estimation for Knowledge Base Population",
    author = "Li, Xiang  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1051",
    pages = "396--401",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards Fine-grained Citation Function Classification",
    author = "Li, Xiang  and
      He, Yifan  and
      Meyers, Adam  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1052",
    pages = "402--407",
}
@inproceedings{mahmoudi-etal-2013-supervised,
    title = "Supervised Morphology Generation Using Parallel Corpus",
    author = "Mahmoudi, Alireza  and
      Arabsorkhi, Mohsen  and
      Faili, Heshaam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1053",
    pages = "408--414",
}
@inproceedings{maks-vossen-2013-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Analysis of Reviews: Should we analyze writer intentions or reader perceptions?",
    author = "Maks, Isa  and
      Vossen, Piek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1054",
    pages = "415--419",
}
@inproceedings{mansour-etal-2013-revisiting,
    title = "Revisiting the Old Kitchen Sink: Do we Need Sentiment Domain Adaptation?",
    author = "Mansour, Riham  and
      Refaei, Nesma  and
      Gamon, Michael  and
      Abdul-Hamid, Ahmed  and
      Sami, Khaled",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1055",
    pages = "420--427",
}
@inproceedings{marcinczuk-etal-2013-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation of baseline information retrieval for Polish open-domain Question Answering system",
    author = "Marci{\'n}czuk, Micha{\l}  and
      Radziszewski, Adam  and
      Piasecki, Maciej  and
      Piasecki, Dominik  and
      Ptak, Marcin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1056",
    pages = "428--435",
}
@inproceedings{marcinczuk-2013-wccl,
    title = "{WCCL} Relation {---} a Toolset for Rule-based Recognition of Semantic Relations Between Named Entities",
    author = "Marci{\'n}czuk, Micha{\l}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1057",
    pages = "436--442",
}
@inproceedings{maziarz-etal-2013-beyond,
    title = "Beyond the Transfer-and-Merge {W}ordnet Construction: pl{W}ord{N}et and a Comparison with {W}ord{N}et",
    author = "Maziarz, Marek  and
      Piasecki, Maciej  and
      Rudnicka, Ewa  and
      Szpakowicz, Stan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1058",
    pages = "443--452",
}
@inproceedings{mesgar-ghasem-sani-2013-history,
    title = "History Based Unsupervised Data Oriented Parsing",
    author = "Mesgar, Mohsen  and
      Ghasem-Sani, Gholamreza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1059",
    pages = "453--459",
}
@inproceedings{meyers-2013-contrasting,
    title = "Contrasting and Corroborating Citations in Journal Articles",
    author = "Meyers, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1060",
    pages = "460--466",
}
@inproceedings{mirza-bernardi-2013-ccg,
    title = "{CCG} Categories for Distributional Semantic Models",
    author = "Mirza, Paramita  and
      Bernardi, Raffaella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1061",
    pages = "467--474",
}
@inproceedings{mirzababaei-etal-2013-discourse,
    title = "Discourse-aware Statistical Machine Translation as a Context-sensitive Spell Checker",
    author = "Mirzababaei, Behzad  and
      Faili, Heshaam  and
      Ehsan, Nava",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1062",
    pages = "475--482",
}
@inproceedings{monti-etal-2013-cross,
    title = "Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval and Semantic Interoperability for Cultural Heritage Repositories",
    author = "Monti, Johanna  and
      Monteleone, Mario  and
      di Buono, Maria Pia  and
      Marano, Federica",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1063",
    pages = "483--490",
}
@inproceedings{mosquera-moreda-pozo-2013-improving,
    title = "Improving Web 2.0 Opinion Mining Systems Using Text Normalisation Techniques",
    author = "Mosquera, Alejandro  and
      Moreda Pozo, Paloma",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1064",
    pages = "491--495",
}
@inproceedings{munkova-etal-2013-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Social and Expressive Factors in Request Texts Using Transaction/Sequence Model",
    author = "Munkov{\'a}, Da{\v{s}}a  and
      Munk, Michal  and
      Fr{\'a}terov{\'a}, Zuzana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1065",
    pages = "496--503",
}
@inproceedings{nakov-etal-2013-parameter,
    title = "Parameter Optimization for Statistical Machine Translation: It Pays to Learn from Hard Examples",
    author = "Nakov, Preslav  and
      Al Obaidli, Fahad  and
      Guzm{\'a}n, Francisco  and
      Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1066",
    pages = "504--510",
}
@inproceedings{narendra-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Cloze-Questions Generation",
    author = "Narendra, Annamaneni  and
      Agarwal, Manish  and
      Shah, Rakshit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1067",
    pages = "511--515",
}
@inproceedings{nicolas-etal-2013-high,
    title = "High-Accuracy Phrase Translation Acquisition Through Battle-Royale Selection",
    author = "Nicolas, Lionel  and
      Stemle, Egon W.  and
      Kranebitter, Klara  and
      Lyding, Verena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1068",
    pages = "516--524",
}
@inproceedings{nikolova-etal-2013-enriching,
    title = "Enriching Patent Search with External Keywords: a Feasibility Study",
    author = "Nikolova, Ivelina  and
      Temnikova, Irina  and
      Angelova, Galia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1069",
    pages = "525--531",
}
@inproceedings{nisioi-dinu-2013-clustering,
    title = "A clustering approach for translationese identification",
    author = "Nisioi, Sergiu  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1070",
    pages = "532--538",
}
@inproceedings{orosz-novak-2013-purepos,
    title = "{P}ure{P}os 2.0: a hybrid tool for morphological disambiguation",
    author = {Orosz, Gy{\"o}rgy  and
      Nov{\'a}k, Attila},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1071",
    pages = "539--545",
}
@inproceedings{paltoglou-thelwall-2013-bag,
    title = "More than Bag-of-Words: Sentence-based Document Representation for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Paltoglou, Georgios  and
      Thelwall, Mike",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1072",
    pages = "546--552",
}
@inproceedings{piasecki-etal-2013-information,
    title = "Information Spreading in Expanding {W}ordnet Hypernymy Structure",
    author = "Piasecki, Maciej  and
      Ramocki, Rados{\l}aw  and
      Kali{\'n}ski, Micha{\l}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1073",
    pages = "553--561",
}
@inproceedings{pinnis-2013-context,
    title = "Context Independent Term Mapper for {E}uropean Languages",
    author = "Pinnis, M{\=a}rcis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1074",
    pages = "562--570",
}
@inproceedings{ponomareva-thelwall-2013-semi,
    title = "Semi-supervised vs. Cross-domain Graphs for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Ponomareva, Natalia  and
      Thelwall, Mike",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1075",
    pages = "571--578",
}
@inproceedings{sadat-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards a Hybrid Rule-based and Statistical {A}rabic-{F}rench Machine Translation System",
    author = "Sadat, Fatiha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1076",
    pages = "579--583",
}
@inproceedings{saers-etal-2013-segmenting,
    title = "Segmenting vs. Chunking Rules: Unsupervised {ITG} Induction via Minimum Conditional Description Length",
    author = "Saers, Markus  and
      Addanki, Karteek  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1077",
    pages = "584--592",
}
@inproceedings{schropp-etal-2013-combined,
    title = "A Combined Pattern-based and Distributional Approach for Automatic Hypernym Detection in {D}utch.",
    author = "Schropp, Gwendolijn  and
      Lefever, Els  and
      Hoste, V{\'e}ronique",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1078",
    pages = "593--600",
}
@inproceedings{sennrich-etal-2013-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Synergies Between Open Resources for {G}erman Dependency Parsing, {POS}-tagging, and Morphological Analysis",
    author = "Sennrich, Rico  and
      Volk, Martin  and
      Schneider, Gerold",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1079",
    pages = "601--609",
}
@inproceedings{siblini-kosseim-2013-using,
    title = "Using a Weighted Semantic Network for Lexical Semantic Relatedness",
    author = "Siblini, Reda  and
      Kosseim, Leila",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1080",
    pages = "610--618",
}
@inproceedings{silva-etal-2013-new,
    title = "A New Approach to the {POS} Tagging Problem Using Evolutionary Computation",
    author = "Silva, Ana Paula  and
      Silva, Arlindo  and
      Rodrigues, Irene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1081",
    pages = "619--625",
}
@inproceedings{sokolova-etal-2013-joe,
    title = "How Joe and Jane Tweet about Their Health: Mining for Personal Health Information on Twitter",
    author = "Sokolova, Marina  and
      Matwin, Stan  and
      Jafer, Yasser  and
      Schramm, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1082",
    pages = "626--632",
}
@inproceedings{sokolova-bobicev-2013-sentiments,
    title = "What Sentiments Can Be Found in Medical Forums?",
    author = "Sokolova, Marina  and
      Bobicev, Victoria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1083",
    pages = "633--639",
}
@inproceedings{stilo-etal-2013-automated,
    title = "Automated learning of everyday patients{'} language for medical blogs analytics",
    author = "Stilo, Giovanni  and
      De Vincenzi, Moreno  and
      Tozzi, Alberto E.  and
      Velardi, Paola",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1084",
    pages = "640--648",
}
@inproceedings{tellier-dupont-2013-symbolic,
    title = "How Symbolic Learning Can Help Statistical Learning (and vice versa)",
    author = "Tellier, Isabelle  and
      Dupont, Yoann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1085",
    pages = "649--658",
}
@inproceedings{temnikova-etal-2013-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Closure Properties of Patent Sublanguages",
    author = "Temnikova, Irina  and
      Hailu, Negacy  and
      Angelova, Galia  and
      Cohen, K. Bretonnel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1086",
    pages = "659--666",
}
@inproceedings{temnikova-etal-2013-closure,
    title = "Closure Properties of {B}ulgarian Clinical Text",
    author = "Temnikova, Irina  and
      Nikolova, Ivelina  and
      Baumgartner, William A.  and
      Angelova, Galia  and
      Cohen, K. Bretonnel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1087",
    pages = "667--675",
}
@inproceedings{tiedemann-nakov-2013-analyzing,
    title = "Analyzing the Use of Character-Level Translation with Sparse and Noisy Datasets",
    author = {Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg  and
      Nakov, Preslav},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1088",
    pages = "676--684",
}
@inproceedings{tolosi-etal-2013-feature,
    title = "A Feature Induction Algorithm with Application to Named Entity Disambiguation",
    author = "Tolo{\c{s}}i, Laura  and
      Zhikov, Valentin  and
      Georgiev, Georgi  and
      Popov, Borislav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1089",
    pages = "685--691",
}
@inproceedings{trevisan-roman-etal-2013-introducing,
    title = "Introducing a Corpus of Human-Authored Dialogue Summaries in {P}ortuguese",
    author = "Trevisan Roman, Norton  and
      Piwek, Paul  and
      M. B. Rizzoni Carvalho, Ariadne  and
      Rossi Alvares, Alexandre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1090",
    pages = "692--701",
}
@inproceedings{tufis-etal-2013-wikipedia,
    title = "{W}ikipedia as an {SMT} Training Corpus",
    author = "Tufi{\textcommabelow{s}}, Dan  and
      Ion, Radu  and
      Dumitrescu, {\textcommabelow{S}}tefan  and
      {\textcommabelow{S}}tef{\u{a}}nescu, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1091",
    pages = "702--709",
}
@inproceedings{vossen-etal-2013-dutchsemcor,
    title = "{D}utch{S}em{C}or: in quest of the ideal sense-tagged corpus",
    author = {Vossen, Piek  and
      Izquierdo, Rub{\'e}n  and
      G{\"o}r{\"o}g, Attila},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1092",
    pages = "710--718",
}
@inproceedings{wali-etal-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards detecting anomalies in the content of standardized {LMF} dictionaries",
    author = "WALI, Wafa  and
      Gargouri, Bilel  and
      BEN HAMADOU, Abdelmajid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1093",
    pages = "719--726",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-edit,
    title = "Edit Distance: A New Data Selection Criterion for Domain Adaptation in {SMT}",
    author = "Wang, Longyue  and
      Wong, Derek F.  and
      Chao, Lidia S.  and
      Xing, Junwen  and
      Lu, Yi  and
      Trancoso, Isabel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1094",
    pages = "727--732",
}
@inproceedings{zarei-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Enhancement of {LTAG} Treebank",
    author = "Zarei, Farzaneh  and
      Basirat, Ali  and
      Faili, Heshaam  and
      Mirian, Maryam Sadat",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1095",
    pages = "733--739",
}
@inproceedings{zarrouk-etal-2013-inductive,
    title = "Inductive and deductive inferences in a Crowdsourced Lexical-Semantic Network",
    author = "Zarrouk, Manel  and
      Lafourcade, Mathieu  and
      Joubert, Alain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1096",
    pages = "740--746",
}
@inproceedings{zhekova-kubler-2013-machine,
    title = "Machine Learning for Mention Head Detection in Multilingual Coreference Resolution",
    author = {Zhekova, Desislava  and
      K{\"u}bler, Sandra},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1097",
    pages = "747--754",
}
@inproceedings{zhikov-etal-2013-combining,
    title = "Combining {POS} Tagging, Dependency Parsing and Coreferential Resolution for {B}ulgarian",
    author = "Zhikov, Valentin  and
      Georgiev, Georgi  and
      Simov, Kiril  and
      Osenova, Petya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1098",
    pages = "755--762",
}
@inproceedings{zsibrita-etal-2013-magyarlanc,
    title = "magyarlanc: A Tool for Morphological and Dependency Parsing of {H}ungarian",
    author = "Zsibrita, J{\'a}nos  and
      Vincze, Veronika  and
      Farkas, Rich{\'a}rd",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1099",
    pages = "763--771",
}
@proceedings{ranlp-2013-student,
    title = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    author = "Temnikova, Irina  and
      Nikolova, Ivelina  and
      Konstantinova, Natalia",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2000",
}
@inproceedings{ai-2013-perceptual,
    title = "Perceptual Feedback in Computer Assisted Pronunciation Training: A Survey",
    author = "Ai, Renlong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{alabbas-2013-dataset,
    title = "A Dataset for {A}rabic Textual Entailment",
    author = "Alabbas, Maytham",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2002",
    pages = "7--13",
}
@inproceedings{bhaskar-2013-answering,
    title = "Answering Questions from Multiple Documents {--} the Role of Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Bhaskar, Pinaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2003",
    pages = "14--21",
}
@inproceedings{bhaskar-2013-multi,
    title = "Multi-Document Summarization using Automatic Key-Phrase Extraction",
    author = "Bhaskar, Pinaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2004",
    pages = "22--29",
}
@inproceedings{bhaskar-pakray-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Evaluation of Summary Using Textual Entailment",
    author = "Bhaskar, Pinaki  and
      Pakray, Partha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2005",
    pages = "30--37",
}
@inproceedings{costetchi-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards a Discourse Model for Knowledge Elicitation",
    author = "Costetchi, Eugeniu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2006",
    pages = "38--44",
}
@inproceedings{cruz-diaz-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Negated and Uncertain Information in Biomedical and Review Texts",
    author = "Cruz D{\'\i}az, Noa P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2007",
    pages = "45--50",
}
@inproceedings{danilova-2013-cross,
    title = "Cross-Language Plagiarism Detection Methods",
    author = "Danilova, Vera",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2008",
    pages = "51--57",
}
@inproceedings{de-amaral-2013-rule,
    title = "Rule-based Named Entity Extraction For Ontology Population",
    author = "de Amaral, Aurore",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2009",
    pages = "58--62",
}
@inproceedings{espinosa-anke-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards Definition Extraction Using Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Espinosa Anke, Luis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2010",
    pages = "63--70",
}
@inproceedings{glavas-stajner-2013-event,
    title = "Event-Centered Simplification of News Stories",
    author = "Glava{\v{s}}, Goran  and
      {\v{S}}tajner, Sanja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2011",
    pages = "71--78",
}
@inproceedings{hromada-2013-random,
    title = "Random Projection and Geometrization of String Distance Metrics",
    author = "Hromada, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2012",
    pages = "79--85",
}
@inproceedings{jalalvand-2013-improving,
    title = "Improving Language Model Adaptation using Automatic Data Selection and Neural Network",
    author = "Jalalvand, Shahab",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2013",
    pages = "86--92",
}
@inproceedings{janicki-2013-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Learning of A-Morphous Inflection with Graph Clustering",
    author = "Janicki, Maciej",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2014",
    pages = "93--99",
}
@inproceedings{khoufi-boudokhane-2013-statistical,
    title = "Statistical-based System for Morphological Annotation of {A}rabic Texts",
    author = "Khoufi, Nabil  and
      Boudokhane, Manel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2015",
    pages = "100--106",
}
@inproceedings{kurtasov-2013-system,
    title = "A System for Generating Cloze Test Items from {R}ussian-Language Text",
    author = "Kurtasov, Andrey",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2016",
    pages = "107--112",
}
@inproceedings{li-2013-korean,
    title = "{K}orean Word-Sense Disambiguation Using Parallel Corpus as Additional Resource",
    author = "Li, ChunGen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2017",
    pages = "113--118",
}
@inproceedings{osinalde-etal-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards Basque Oral Poetry Analysis: A Machine Learning Approach",
    author = "Osinalde, Mikel  and
      Astigarraga, Aitzol  and
      Rodriguez, Igor  and
      Agirrezabal, Manex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2018",
    pages = "119--125",
}
@inproceedings{papadopoulou-2013-gf,
    title = "{GF} Modern {G}reek Resource Grammar",
    author = "Papadopoulou, Ioanna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2019",
    pages = "126--133",
}
@inproceedings{schumann-2013-collection,
    title = "Collection, Annotation and Analysis of Gold Standard Corpora for Knowledge-Rich Context Extraction in {R}ussian and {G}erman",
    author = "Schumann, Anne-Kathrin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2020",
    pages = "134--141",
}
@inproceedings{shrestha-vulic-2013-named,
    title = "Named Entity Recognition in Broadcast News Using Similar Written Texts",
    author = "Shrestha, Niraj  and
      Vuli{\'c}, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2021",
    pages = "142--148",
}
@inproceedings{stambolieva-2013-reporting,
    title = "Reporting Preliminary Automatic Comparable Corpora Compilation Results",
    author = "Stambolieva, Ekaterina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with {RANLP} 2013",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-2022",
    pages = "149--156",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2013-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Mitkov, Ruslan  and
      Park, Jong C.",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1000",
}
@inproceedings{catherine-etal-2013-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Answer Extraction from Discussion Forums",
    author = "Catherine, Rose  and
      Gangadharaiah, Rashmi  and
      Visweswariah, Karthik  and
      Raghu, Dinesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1001",
    pages = "1--9",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-wordtopic,
    title = "{W}ord{T}opic-{M}ulti{R}ank: A New Method for Automatic Keyphrase Extraction",
    author = "Zhang, Fan  and
      Huang, Lian{'}en  and
      Peng, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1002",
    pages = "10--18",
}
@inproceedings{wiegand-klakow-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards Contextual Healthiness Classification of Food Items - A Linguistic Approach",
    author = "Wiegand, Michael  and
      Klakow, Dietrich",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1003",
    pages = "19--27",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning a Replacement Model for Query Segmentation with Consistency in Search Logs",
    author = "Zhang, Wei  and
      Cao, Yunbo  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Tan, Chew-Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1004",
    pages = "28--36",
}
@inproceedings{kawahara-etal-2013-precise,
    title = "Precise Information Retrieval Exploiting Predicate-Argument Structures",
    author = "Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Shinzato, Keiji  and
      Shibata, Tomohide  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1005",
    pages = "37--45",
}
@inproceedings{murawaki-2013-global,
    title = "Global Model for Hierarchical Multi-Label Text Classification",
    author = "Murawaki, Yugo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1006",
    pages = "46--54",
}
@inproceedings{mirovsky-etal-2013-pre,
    title = "(Pre-)Annotation of Topic-Focus Articulation in {P}rague {C}zech-{E}nglish Dependency Treebank",
    author = "M{\'\i}rovsk{\'y}, Ji{\v{r}}{\'\i}  and
      Rysov{\'a}, Kate{\v{r}}ina  and
      Rysov{\'a}, Magdal{\'e}na  and
      Haji{\v{c}}ov{\'a}, Eva",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1007",
    pages = "55--63",
}
@inproceedings{bhat-sharma-2013-animacy,
    title = "{A}nimacy Acquisition Using Morphological Case",
    author = "Bhat, Riyaz Ahmad  and
      Sharma, Dipti Misra",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1008",
    pages = "64--72",
}
@inproceedings{matsuzaki-etal-2013-complexity,
    title = "The Complexity of Math Problems {--} Linguistic, or Computational?",
    author = "Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Iwane, Hidenao  and
      Anai, Hirokazu  and
      Arai, Noriko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1009",
    pages = "73--81",
}
@inproceedings{brooke-hirst-2013-hybrid,
    title = "Hybrid Models for Lexical Acquisition of Correlated Styles",
    author = "Brooke, Julian  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1010",
    pages = "82--90",
}
@inproceedings{polakova-etal-2013-introducing,
    title = "Introducing the {P}rague Discourse Treebank 1.0",
    author = "Pol{\'a}kov{\'a}, Lucie  and
      M{\'\i}rovsk{\'y}, Ji{\v{r}}{\'\i}  and
      Nedoluzhko, Anna  and
      J{\'\i}nov{\'a}, Pavl{\'\i}na  and
      Zik{\'a}nov{\'a}, {\v{S}}{\'a}rka  and
      Haji{\v{c}}ov{\'a}, Eva",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1011",
    pages = "91--99",
}
@inproceedings{uryupina-moschitti-2013-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Mention Detection for Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Uryupina, Olga  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1012",
    pages = "100--108",
}
@inproceedings{cano-basave-etal-2013-weakly,
    title = "A Weakly Supervised {B}ayesian Model for Violence Detection in Social Media",
    author = "Cano Basave, Amparo Elizabeth  and
      He, Yulan  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1013",
    pages = "109--117",
}
@inproceedings{ding-etal-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Spammers in Community Question Answering",
    author = "Ding, Zhuoye  and
      Gong, Yeyun  and
      Zhou, Yaqian  and
      Zhang, Qi  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1014",
    pages = "118--126",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Informal Word Normalization: an Experimental Study",
    author = "Wang, Aobo  and
      Kan, Min-Yen  and
      Andrade, Daniel  and
      Onishi, Takashi  and
      Ishikawa, Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1015",
    pages = "127--135",
}
@inproceedings{jeong-myaeng-2013-feature,
    title = "Feature Selection Using a Semantic Hierarchy for Event Recognition and Type Classification",
    author = "Jeong, Yoonjae  and
      Myaeng, Sung-Hyon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1016",
    pages = "136--144",
}
@inproceedings{kim-shin-2013-romanization,
    title = "{R}omanization-based Approach to Morphological Analysis in {K}orean {SMS} Text Processing",
    author = "Kim, Youngsam  and
      Shin, Hyopil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1017",
    pages = "145--152",
}
@inproceedings{kaji-kitsuregawa-2013-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Word Lattice Generation for Joint Word Segmentation and {POS} Tagging in {J}apanese",
    author = "Kaji, Nobuhiro  and
      Kitsuregawa, Masaru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1018",
    pages = "153--161",
}
@inproceedings{sasano-etal-2013-simple,
    title = "A Simple Approach to Unknown Word Processing in {J}apanese Morphological Analysis",
    author = "Sasano, Ryohei  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1019",
    pages = "162--170",
}
@inproceedings{shen-etal-2013-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Word Segmentation by Mining Maximized Substrings",
    author = "Shen, Mo  and
      Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1020",
    pages = "171--179",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2013-capturing,
    title = "Capturing Long-distance Dependencies in Sequence Models: A Case Study of {C}hinese Part-of-speech Tagging",
    author = "Sun, Weiwei  and
      Peng, Xiaochang  and
      Wan, Xiaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1021",
    pages = "180--188",
}
@inproceedings{jain-etal-2013-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Semantic Information in {H}indi {W}ord{N}et for {H}indi Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Jain, Sambhav  and
      Jain, Naman  and
      Tammewar, Aniruddha  and
      Bhat, Riyaz Ahmad  and
      Sharma, Dipti",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1022",
    pages = "189--197",
}
@inproceedings{schnabel-schutze-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards Robust Cross-Domain Domain Adaptation for Part-of-Speech Tagging",
    author = {Schnabel, Tobias  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1023",
    pages = "198--206",
}
@inproceedings{vincze-etal-2013-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Parsing for Identifying {H}ungarian Light Verb Constructions",
    author = "Vincze, Veronika  and
      Zsibrita, J{\'a}nos  and
      Nagy T., Istv{\'a}n",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1024",
    pages = "207--215",
}
@inproceedings{prabhakaran-rambow-2013-written,
    title = "Written Dialog and Social Power: Manifestations of Different Types of Power in Dialog Behavior",
    author = "Prabhakaran, Vinodkumar  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1025",
    pages = "216--224",
}
@inproceedings{kleinbauer-etal-2013-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation of the Scusi? Spoken Language Interpretation System {--} A Case Study",
    author = "Kleinbauer, Thomas  and
      Zukerman, Ingrid  and
      Kim, Su Nam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1026",
    pages = "225--233",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2013-noisy,
    title = "A Noisy Channel Approach to Error Correction in Spoken Referring Expressions",
    author = "Kim, Su Nam  and
      Zukerman, Ingrid  and
      Kleinbauer, Thomas  and
      Zavareh, Farshid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1027",
    pages = "234--242",
}
@inproceedings{gangadharaiah-narayanaswamy-2013-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Query Refinement for Problem Resolution from Crowd-Sourced Semi-Structured Data",
    author = "Gangadharaiah, Rashmi  and
      Narayanaswamy, Balakrishnan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1028",
    pages = "243--251",
}
@inproceedings{razmara-sarkar-2013-ensemble,
    title = "Ensemble Triangulation for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Razmara, Majid  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1029",
    pages = "252--260",
}
@inproceedings{richardson-etal-2013-robust,
    title = "Robust Transliteration Mining from Comparable Corpora with Bilingual Topic Models",
    author = "Richardson, John  and
      Nakazawa, Toshiaki  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1030",
    pages = "261--269",
}
@inproceedings{bouamor-etal-2013-sumt,
    title = "{S}u{MT}: A Framework of Summarization and {MT}",
    author = "Bouamor, Houda  and
      Mohit, Behrang  and
      Oflazer, Kemal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1031",
    pages = "270--278",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-tuning,
    title = "Tuning {SMT} with a Large Number of Features via Online Feature Grouping",
    author = "Liu, Lemao  and
      Zhao, Tiejun  and
      Watanabe, Taro  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1032",
    pages = "279--285",
}
@inproceedings{afli-etal-2013-multimodal,
    title = "Multimodal Comparable Corpora as Resources for Extracting Parallel Data: Parallel Phrases Extraction",
    author = {Afli, Haithem  and
      Barrault, Lo{\"\i}c  and
      Schwenk, Holger},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1033",
    pages = "286--292",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping Large-scale Named Entities using {URL}-Text Hybrid Patterns",
    author = "Zhang, Chao  and
      Zhao, Shiqi  and
      Wang, Haifeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1034",
    pages = "293--301",
}
@inproceedings{qin-etal-2013-feature,
    title = "Feature-Rich Segment-Based News Event Detection on Twitter",
    author = "Qin, Yanxia  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Zheng, Dequan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1035",
    pages = "302--310",
}
@inproceedings{ding-etal-2013-building,
    title = "Building {C}hinese Event Type Paradigm Based on Trigger Clustering",
    author = "Ding, Xiao  and
      Qin, Bing  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1036",
    pages = "311--319",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2013-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Named Entity Abbreviation Generation Using First-Order Logic",
    author = "Chen, Huan  and
      Zhang, Qi  and
      Qian, Jin  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1037",
    pages = "320--328",
}
@inproceedings{nagy-t-etal-2013-full,
    title = "Full-coverage Identification of {E}nglish Light Verb Constructions",
    author = "Nagy T., Istv{\'a}n  and
      Vincze, Veronika  and
      Farkas, Rich{\'a}rd",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1038",
    pages = "329--337",
}
@inproceedings{feng-hirst-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Deceptive Opinions with Profile Compatibility",
    author = "Feng, Vanessa Wei  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1039",
    pages = "338--346",
}
@inproceedings{popescu-strapparava-2013-behind,
    title = "Behind the Times: Detecting Epoch Changes using Large Corpora",
    author = "Popescu, Octavian  and
      Strapparava, Carlo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1040",
    pages = "347--355",
}
@inproceedings{baldwin-etal-2013-noisy,
    title = "How Noisy Social Media Text, How Diffrnt Social Media Sources?",
    author = "Baldwin, Timothy  and
      Cook, Paul  and
      Lui, Marco  and
      MacKinlay, Andrew  and
      Wang, Li",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1041",
    pages = "356--364",
}
@inproceedings{prabhakaran-etal-2013-upper,
    title = "Who Had the Upper Hand? Ranking Participants of Interactions Based on Their Relative Power",
    author = "Prabhakaran, Vinodkumar  and
      John, Ajita  and
      Seligmann, Dor{\'e}e D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1042",
    pages = "365--373",
}
@inproceedings{stajner-saggion-2013-readability,
    title = "Readability Indices for Automatic Evaluation of Text Simplification Systems: A Feasibility Study for {S}panish",
    author = "{\v{S}}tajner, Sanja  and
      Saggion, Horacio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1043",
    pages = "374--382",
}
@inproceedings{vincze-2013-weasels,
    title = "Weasels, Hedges and Peacocks: Discourse-level Uncertainty in {W}ikipedia Articles",
    author = "Vincze, Veronika",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1044",
    pages = "383--391",
}
@inproceedings{alotaibi-lee-2013-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Developing a Fine-grained {A}rabic Named Entity Corpus and Gazetteer by utilizing {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Alotaibi, Fahd  and
      Lee, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1045",
    pages = "392--400",
}
@inproceedings{harastani-etal-2013-ranking,
    title = "Ranking Translation Candidates Acquired from Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Harastani, Rima  and
      Daille, B{\'e}atrice  and
      Morin, Emmanuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1046",
    pages = "401--409",
}
@inproceedings{al-sabbagh-etal-2013-using,
    title = "Using the Semantic-Syntactic Interface for Reliable {A}rabic Modality Annotation",
    author = "Al-Sabbagh, Rania  and
      Diesner, Jana  and
      Girju, Roxana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1047",
    pages = "410--418",
}
@inproceedings{boujelbane-etal-2013-mapping,
    title = "Mapping Rules for Building a {T}unisian Dialect Lexicon and Generating Corpora",
    author = "Boujelbane, Rahma  and
      Ellouze Khemekhem, Mariem  and
      Belguith, Lamia Hadrich",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1048",
    pages = "419--428",
}
@inproceedings{gandhe-gangadharaiah-2013-hypothesis,
    title = "Hypothesis Refinement Using Agreement Constraints in Machine Translation",
    author = "Gandhe, Ankur  and
      Gangadharaiah, Rashmi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1049",
    pages = "429--437",
}
@inproceedings{sankaran-etal-2013-scalable,
    title = "Scalable Variational Inference for Extracting Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation Rules",
    author = "Sankaran, Baskaran  and
      Haffari, Gholamreza  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1050",
    pages = "438--446",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2013-topic,
    title = "A Topic-Triggered Language Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Yu, Heng  and
      Su, Jinsong  and
      Lv, Yajuan  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1051",
    pages = "447--454",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-reserved,
    title = "Reserved Self-training: A Semi-supervised Sentiment Classification Method for {C}hinese Microblogs",
    author = "Liu, Zhiguang  and
      Dong, Xishuang  and
      Guan, Yi  and
      Yang, Jinfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1052",
    pages = "455--462",
}
@inproceedings{cho-etal-2013-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing Lexicon-Based Review Classification by Merging and Revising Sentiment Dictionaries",
    author = "Cho, Heeryon  and
      Lee, Jong-Seok  and
      Kim, Songkuk",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1053",
    pages = "463--470",
}
@inproceedings{oraby-etal-2013-exploring,
    title = "Exploring the Effects of Word Roots for {A}rabic Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Oraby, Shereen  and
      El-Sonbaty, Yasser  and
      Abou El-Nasr, Mohamad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1054",
    pages = "471--479",
}
@inproceedings{xue-etal-2013-topical,
    title = "Topical Key Concept Extraction from {F}olksonomy",
    author = "Xue, Han  and
      Qin, Bing  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Xiang, Chao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1055",
    pages = "480--488",
}
@inproceedings{scheible-etal-2013-uncovering,
    title = "Uncovering Distributional Differences between Synonyms and Antonyms in a Word Space Model",
    author = "Scheible, Silke  and
      Schulte im Walde, Sabine  and
      Springorum, Sylvia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1056",
    pages = "489--497",
}
@inproceedings{dandala-etal-2013-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation Using {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Dandala, Bharath  and
      Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Bunescu, Razvan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1057",
    pages = "498--506",
}
@inproceedings{yan-etal-2013-semantic,
    title = "Semantic v.s. Positions: Utilizing Balanced Proximity in Language Model Smoothing for Information Retrieval",
    author = "Yan, Rui  and
      Jiang, Han  and
      Lapata, Mirella  and
      Lin, Shou-De  and
      Lv, Xueqiang  and
      Li, Xiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1058",
    pages = "507--515",
}
@inproceedings{ding-yamamoto-2013-unsupervised,
    title = "An Unsupervised Parameter Estimation Algorithm for a Generative Dependency N-gram Language Model",
    author = "Ding, Chenchen  and
      Yamamoto, Mikio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1059",
    pages = "516--524",
}
@inproceedings{wang-manning-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning a Product of Experts with Elitist Lasso",
    author = "Wang, Mengqiu  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1060",
    pages = "525--533",
}
@inproceedings{wachsmuth-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning Efficient Information Extraction on Heterogeneous Texts",
    author = "Wachsmuth, Henning  and
      Stein, Benno  and
      Engels, Gregor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1061",
    pages = "534--542",
}
@inproceedings{bougouin-etal-2013-topicrank,
    title = "{T}opic{R}ank: Graph-Based Topic Ranking for Keyphrase Extraction",
    author = "Bougouin, Adrien  and
      Boudin, Florian  and
      Daille, B{\'e}atrice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1062",
    pages = "543--551",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2013-understanding,
    title = "Understanding the Semantic Intent of Natural Language Query",
    author = "Xu, Juan  and
      Zhang, Qi  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1063",
    pages = "552--560",
}
@inproceedings{hou-chang-2013-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Classification for Movie Reviews in {C}hinese Using Parsing-based Methods",
    author = "Hou, Wen-Juan  and
      Chang, Chuang-Ping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1064",
    pages = "561--569",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-joshi-2013-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Aggregation using {C}oncept{N}et Ontology",
    author = "Mukherjee, Subhabrata  and
      Joshi, Sachindra",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1065",
    pages = "570--578",
}
@inproceedings{nitta-etal-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Cyberbullying Entries on Informal School Websites Based on Category Relevance Maximization",
    author = "Nitta, Taisei  and
      Masui, Fumito  and
      Ptaszynski, Michal  and
      Kimura, Yasutomo  and
      Rzepka, Rafal  and
      Araki, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1066",
    pages = "579--586",
}
@inproceedings{narita-etal-2013-lexicon,
    title = "A Lexicon-based Investigation of Research Issues in {J}apanese Factuality Analysis",
    author = "Narita, Kazuya  and
      Mizuno, Junta  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1067",
    pages = "587--595",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2013-hierarchical,
    title = "A Hierarchical Semantics-Aware Distributional Similarity Scheme",
    author = "Sun, Shuqi  and
      Sun, Ke  and
      Zhao, Shiqi  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Yang, Muyun  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1068",
    pages = "596--604",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-labeled,
    title = "Labeled Alignment for Recognizing Textual Entailment",
    author = "Wang, Xiaolin  and
      Zhao, Hai  and
      Lu, Bao-Liang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1069",
    pages = "605--613",
}
@inproceedings{lee-huang-2013-context,
    title = "Context-Based {C}hinese Word Segmentation using {SVM} Machine-Learning Algorithm without Dictionary Support",
    author = "Lee, Chia-ming  and
      Huang, Chien-Kang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1070",
    pages = "614--622",
}
@inproceedings{song-xia-2013-common,
    title = "A Common Case of Jekyll and Hyde: The Synergistic Effect of Using Divided Source Training Data for Feature Augmentation",
    author = "Song, Yan  and
      Xia, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1071",
    pages = "623--631",
}
@inproceedings{springorum-etal-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Polysemy in Hard and Soft Cluster Analyses of {G}erman Preposition Vector Spaces",
    author = "Springorum, Sylvia  and
      Schulte im Walde, Sabine  and
      Utt, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1072",
    pages = "632--640",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2013-generalized,
    title = "Generalized Abbreviation Prediction with Negative Full Forms and Its Application on Improving {C}hinese Web Search",
    author = "Sun, Xu  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Meng, Fanqi  and
      Wang, Houfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1073",
    pages = "641--647",
}
@inproceedings{jauhar-etal-2013-prosody,
    title = "Prosody-Based Unsupervised Speech Summarization with Two-Layer Mutually Reinforced Random Walk",
    author = "Jauhar, Sujay Kumar  and
      Chen, Yun-Nung  and
      Metze, Florian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1074",
    pages = "648--654",
}
@inproceedings{litvak-vanetik-2013-mining,
    title = "Mining the Gaps: Towards Polynomial Summarization",
    author = "Litvak, Marina  and
      Vanetik, Natalia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1075",
    pages = "655--660",
}
@inproceedings{sharma-bhattacharyya-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Domain Dedicated Polar Words",
    author = "Sharma, Raksha  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1076",
    pages = "661--666",
}
@inproceedings{ali-etal-2013-hear,
    title = "Can {I} Hear You? Sentiment Analysis on Medical Forums",
    author = "Ali, Tanveer  and
      Schramm, David  and
      Sokolova, Marina  and
      Inkpen, Diana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1077",
    pages = "667--673",
}
@inproceedings{patra-etal-2013-construction,
    title = "Construction of Emotional Lexicon Using Potts Model",
    author = "Patra, Braja Gopal  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Das, Dipankar  and
      Okumura, Manabu  and
      Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1078",
    pages = "674--679",
}
@inproceedings{mulholland-quinn-2013-suicidal,
    title = "Suicidal Tendencies: The Automatic Classification of Suicidal and Non-Suicidal Lyricists Using {NLP}",
    author = "Mulholland, Matthew  and
      Quinn, Joanne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1079",
    pages = "680--684",
}
@inproceedings{mistica-etal-2013-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Word Class Induction for Under-resourced Languages: A Case Study on {I}ndonesian",
    author = "Mistica, Meladel  and
      Lau, Jey Han  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1080",
    pages = "685--691",
}
@inproceedings{fu-grishman-2013-efficient,
    title = "An Efficient Active Learning Framework for New Relation Types",
    author = "Fu, Lisheng  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1081",
    pages = "692--698",
}
@inproceedings{baek-park-2013-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Dependency Paths to Identify Event-Argument Relations",
    author = "Baek, Seung-Cheol  and
      Park, Jong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1082",
    pages = "699--705",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2013-augmentable,
    title = "Augmentable Paraphrase Extraction Framework",
    author = "Chen, Mei-Hua  and
      Chen, Yi-Chun  and
      Huang, Shih-Ting  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1083",
    pages = "706--711",
}
@inproceedings{sarker-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Prediction of Evidence-based Recommendations via Sentence-level Polarity Classification",
    author = "Sarker, Abeed  and
      Moll{\'a}-Aliod, Diego  and
      Paris, C{\'e}cile",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1084",
    pages = "712--718",
}
@inproceedings{yin-2013-clustering,
    title = "Clustering Microtext Streams for Event Identification",
    author = "Yin, Jie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1085",
    pages = "719--725",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Corpora Construction for Text Classification",
    author = "Wang, Dandan  and
      Chen, Qingcai  and
      Wang, Xiaolong  and
      Yu, Bingyang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1086",
    pages = "726--732",
}
@inproceedings{bairi-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning to Generate Diversified Query Interpretations using Biconvex Optimization",
    author = "Bairi, Ramakrishna  and
      A, Ambha  and
      Ramakrishnan, Ganesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1087",
    pages = "733--739",
}
@inproceedings{tran-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning Based Approaches for {V}ietnamese Question Classification Using Keywords Extraction from the Web",
    author = "Tran, Dang Hai  and
      Chu, Cuong Xuan  and
      Pham, Son Bao  and
      Nguyen, Minh Le",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1088",
    pages = "740--746",
}
@inproceedings{uthus-aha-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Bot-Answerable Questions in {U}buntu Chat",
    author = "Uthus, David  and
      Aha, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1089",
    pages = "747--752",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-miyao-2013-alignment,
    title = "Alignment-based Annotation of Proofreading Texts toward Professional Writing Assistance",
    author = "Nguyen, Ngan  and
      Miyao, Yusuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1090",
    pages = "753--759",
}
@inproceedings{wilson-2013-toward,
    title = "Toward Automatic Processing of {E}nglish Metalanguage",
    author = "Wilson, Shomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1091",
    pages = "760--766",
}
@inproceedings{chali-hasan-2013-effectiveness,
    title = "On the Effectiveness of Using Syntactic and Shallow Semantic Tree Kernels for Automatic Assessment of Essays",
    author = "Chali, Yllias  and
      Hasan, Sadid A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1092",
    pages = "767--773",
}
@inproceedings{n-bhattacharyya-2013-little,
    title = "Little by Little: Semi Supervised Stemming through Stem Set Minimization",
    author = "N, Vasudevan  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1093",
    pages = "774--780",
}
@inproceedings{luo-etal-2013-information,
    title = "What Information is Helpful for Dependency Based Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Luo, Yanyan  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1094",
    pages = "781--787",
}
@inproceedings{biran-mckeown-2013-classifying,
    title = "Classifying Taxonomic Relations between Pairs of {W}ikipedia Articles",
    author = "Biran, Or  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1095",
    pages = "788--794",
}
@inproceedings{xu-huang-2013-rule,
    title = "A Rule System for {C}hinese Time Entity Recognition by Comprehensive Linguistic Study",
    author = "Xu, Hongzhi  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1096",
    pages = "795--801",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2013-financial,
    title = "Financial Sentiment Analysis for Risk Prediction",
    author = "Wang, Chuan-Ju  and
      Tsai, Ming-Feng  and
      Liu, Tse  and
      Chang, Chin-Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1097",
    pages = "802--808",
}
@inproceedings{nghiem-etal-2013-sense,
    title = "Sense Disambiguation: From Natural Language Words to Mathematical Terms",
    author = "Nghiem, Minh-Quoc  and
      Kristianto, Giovanni Yoko  and
      Topi{\'c}, Goran  and
      Aizawa, Akiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1098",
    pages = "809--814",
}
@inproceedings{sikdar-etal-2013-adapting,
    title = "Adapting a State-of-the-art Anaphora Resolution System for Resource-poor Language",
    author = "Sikdar, Utpal  and
      Ekbal, Asif  and
      Saha, Sriparna  and
      Uryupina, Olga  and
      Poesio, Massimo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1099",
    pages = "815--821",
}
@inproceedings{chen-ng-2013-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Event Coreference Resolution: Understanding the State of the Art",
    author = "Chen, Chen  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1100",
    pages = "822--828",
}
@inproceedings{eiselt-figueroa-2013-two,
    title = "A Two-Step Named Entity Recognizer for Open-Domain Search Queries",
    author = "Eiselt, Andreas  and
      Figueroa, Alejandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1101",
    pages = "829--833",
}
@inproceedings{boudin-2013-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Centrality Measures for Graph-Based Keyphrase Extraction",
    author = "Boudin, Florian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1102",
    pages = "834--838",
}
@inproceedings{bai-etal-2013-translating,
    title = "Translating {C}hinese Unknown Words by Automatically Acquired Templates",
    author = "Bai, Ming-Hong  and
      Hsieh, Yu-Ming  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1103",
    pages = "839--843",
}
@inproceedings{ziering-etal-2013-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Lexicon Bootstrapping - Improving a Lexicon Induction System Using a Parallel Corpus",
    author = {Ziering, Patrick  and
      van der Plas, Lonneke  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1104",
    pages = "844--848",
}
@inproceedings{wu-2013-mining,
    title = "Mining {J}apanese Compound Words and Their Pronunciations from Web Pages and Tweets",
    author = "Wu, Xianchao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1105",
    pages = "849--853",
}
@inproceedings{pala-er-cicekli-2013-factoid,
    title = "A Factoid Question Answering System Using Answer Pattern Matching",
    author = "Pala Er, Nagehan  and
      Cicekli, Ilyas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1106",
    pages = "854--858",
}
@inproceedings{feng-etal-2013-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Short Text Classification Based on Domain Knowledge",
    author = "Feng, Xiao  and
      Shen, Yang  and
      Liu, Chengyong  and
      Liang, Wei  and
      Zhang, Shuwu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1107",
    pages = "859--863",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2013-applying,
    title = "Applying Graph-based Keyword Extraction to Document Retrieval",
    author = "Kim, Youngsam  and
      Kim, Munhyong  and
      Cattle, Andrew  and
      Otmakhova, Julia  and
      Park, Suzi  and
      Shin, Hyopil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1108",
    pages = "864--868",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2013-semi,
    title = "Semi-supervised Classification of Twitter Messages for Organization Name Disambiguation",
    author = "Zhang, Shu  and
      Wu, Jianwei  and
      Zheng, Dequan  and
      Meng, Yao  and
      Yu, Hao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1109",
    pages = "869--873",
}
@inproceedings{aramaki-etal-2013-word,
    title = "Word in a Dictionary is used by Numerous Users",
    author = "Aramaki, Eiji  and
      Maskawa, Sachiko  and
      Miyabe, Mai  and
      Morita, Mizuki  and
      Yasuda, Sachi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1110",
    pages = "874--877",
}
@inproceedings{nakayama-fujii-2013-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Evaluative Conditions from Online Reviews: Toward Enhancing Opinion Mining",
    author = "Nakayama, Yuki  and
      Fujii, Atsushi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1111",
    pages = "878--882",
}
@inproceedings{beinborn-etal-2013-cognate,
    title = "Cognate Production using Character-based Machine Translation",
    author = "Beinborn, Lisa  and
      Zesch, Torsten  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1112",
    pages = "883--891",
}
@inproceedings{banerjee-bandyopadhyay-2013-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study of Combing Multiple Models in {B}engali Question Classification",
    author = "Banerjee, Somnath  and
      Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1113",
    pages = "892--896",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2013-two,
    title = "A Two-Stage Classifier for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Nguyen, Dai Quoc  and
      Nguyen, Dat Quoc  and
      Pham, Son Bao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1114",
    pages = "897--901",
}
@inproceedings{figueroa-neumann-2013-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting User Search Sessions for the Semantic Categorization of Question-like Informational Search Queries",
    author = "Figueroa, Alejandro  and
      Neumann, Guenter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1115",
    pages = "902--906",
}
@inproceedings{oliveira-etal-2013-influence,
    title = "Influence of Part-of-Speech and Phrasal Category Universal Tag-set in Tree-to-Tree Translation Models",
    author = "Oliveira, Francisco  and
      Wong, Derek F.  and
      Chao, Lidia S.  and
      Tian, Liang  and
      He, Liangye",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1116",
    pages = "907--911",
}
@inproceedings{huang-ku-2013-interest,
    title = "Interest Analysis using {P}age{R}ank and Social Interaction Content",
    author = "Huang, Chung-chi  and
      Ku, Lun-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1117",
    pages = "912--916",
}
@inproceedings{koike-etal-2013-time,
    title = "Time Series Topic Modeling and Bursty Topic Detection of Correlated News and Twitter",
    author = "Koike, Daichi  and
      Takahashi, Yusuke  and
      Utsuro, Takehito  and
      Yoshioka, Masaharu  and
      Kando, Noriko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1118",
    pages = "917--921",
}
@inproceedings{thamrongrattanarit-etal-2013-distant,
    title = "A Distant Supervision Approach for Identifying Perspectives in Unstructured User-Generated Text",
    author = "Thamrongrattanarit, Attapol  and
      Pollock, Colin  and
      Goldenberg, Benjamin  and
      Fennell, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1119",
    pages = "922--926",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-approach,
    title = "An Approach of Hybrid Hierarchical Structure for Word Similarity Computing by {H}ow{N}et",
    author = "Liu, Jiangming  and
      Xu, Jinan  and
      Zhang, Yujie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1120",
    pages = "927--931",
}
@inproceedings{neviarouskaya-aono-2013-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Causes of Emotions from Text",
    author = "Neviarouskaya, Alena  and
      Aono, Masaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1121",
    pages = "932--936",
}
@inproceedings{behera-bhattacharyya-2013-automated,
    title = "Automated Grammar Correction Using Hierarchical Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Behera, Bibek  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1122",
    pages = "937--941",
}
@inproceedings{padro-etal-2013-finding,
    title = "Finding Dependency Parsing Limits over a Large {S}panish Corpus",
    author = "Padr{\'o}, Muntsa  and
      Ballesteros, Miguel  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez, H{\'e}ctor  and
      Bohnet, Bernd",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1123",
    pages = "942--946",
}
@inproceedings{jin-etal-2013-high,
    title = "High Quality Dependency Selection from Automatic Parses",
    author = "Jin, Gongye  and
      Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1124",
    pages = "947--951",
}
@inproceedings{bouamor-etal-2013-building,
    title = "Building Specialized Bilingual Lexicons Using Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Bouamor, Dhouha  and
      Semmar, Nasredine  and
      Zweigenbaum, Pierre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1125",
    pages = "952--956",
}
@inproceedings{yoshino-etal-2013-predicate,
    title = "Predicate Argument Structure Analysis using Partially Annotated Corpora",
    author = "Yoshino, Koichiro  and
      Mori, Shinsuke  and
      Kawahara, Tatsuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1126",
    pages = "957--961",
}
@inproceedings{yoshino-etal-2013-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Dialogue Management using Intention Dependency Graph",
    author = "Yoshino, Koichiro  and
      Watanabe, Shinji  and
      Le Roux, Jonathan  and
      Hershey, John R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1127",
    pages = "962--966",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2013-repairing,
    title = "Repairing Incorrect Translation with Examples",
    author = "Zhu, Junguo  and
      Yang, Muyun  and
      Li, Sheng  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1128",
    pages = "967--971",
}
@inproceedings{fu-etal-2013-phrase,
    title = "Phrase-based Parallel Fragments Extraction from Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Fu, Xiaoyin  and
      Wei, Wei  and
      Lu, Shixiang  and
      Chen, Zhenbiao  and
      Xu, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1129",
    pages = "972--976",
}
@inproceedings{dakwale-etal-2013-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Approach for Anaphora Resolution in {H}indi",
    author = "Dakwale, Praveen  and
      Mujadia, Vandan  and
      Sharma, Dipti M",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1130",
    pages = "977--981",
}
@inproceedings{atreya-v-etal-2013-structure,
    title = "Structure Cognizant Pseudo Relevance Feedback",
    author = "Atreya V, Arjun  and
      Kakde, Yogesh  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Ramakrishnan, Ganesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1131",
    pages = "982--986",
}
@inproceedings{johannsen-sogaard-2013-cross,
    title = "Cross-Domain Answer Ranking using Importance Sampling",
    author = "Johannsen, Anders  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1132",
    pages = "987--991",
}
@inproceedings{zribi-etal-2013-morphological,
    title = "Morphological Analysis of {T}unisian Dialect",
    author = "Zribi, In{\`e}s  and
      Ellouze Khemakhem, Mariem  and
      Hadrich Belguith, Lamia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1133",
    pages = "992--996",
}
@inproceedings{johannsen-sogaard-2013-disambiguating,
    title = "Disambiguating Explicit Discourse Connectives without Oracles",
    author = "Johannsen, Anders  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1134",
    pages = "997--1001",
}
@inproceedings{berka-vajtersic-2013-updating,
    title = "Updating Rare Term Vector Replacement",
    author = "Berka, Tobias  and
      Vajter{\v{s}}ic, Marian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1135",
    pages = "1002--1006",
}
@inproceedings{malladi-mannem-2013-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Morphological Analyzer for {H}indi",
    author = "Malladi, Deepak Kumar  and
      Mannem, Prashanth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1136",
    pages = "1007--1011",
}
@inproceedings{khaliq-carroll-2013-induction,
    title = "Induction of Root and Pattern Lexicon for Unsupervised Morphological Analysis of {A}rabic",
    author = "Khaliq, Bilal  and
      Carroll, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1137",
    pages = "1012--1016",
}
@inproceedings{pham-etal-2013-using,
    title = "Using Shallow Semantic Parsing and Relation Extraction for Finding Contradiction in Text",
    author = "Pham, Minh Quang Nhat  and
      Nguyen, Minh Le  and
      Shimazu, Akira",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1138",
    pages = "1017--1021",
}
@inproceedings{semmar-saadane-2013-using,
    title = "Using Transliteration of Proper Names from {A}rabic to {L}atin Script to Improve {E}nglish-{A}rabic Word Alignment",
    author = "Semmar, Nasredine  and
      Saadane, Houda",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1139",
    pages = "1022--1026",
}
@inproceedings{merhbene-etal-2013-semi,
    title = "A Semi-Supervised Method for {A}rabic Word Sense Disambiguation Using a Weighted Directed Graph",
    author = "Merhbene, Laroussi  and
      Zouaghi, Anis  and
      Zrigui, Mounir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1140",
    pages = "1027--1031",
}
@inproceedings{yarmohammadi-etal-2013-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Segmentation and Decoding Strategies for Simultaneous Translation",
    author = "Yarmohammadi, Mahsa  and
      Rangarajan Sridhar, Vivek Kumar  and
      Bangalore, Srinivas  and
      Sankaran, Baskaran",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1141",
    pages = "1032--1036",
}
@inproceedings{novak-etal-2013-two,
    title = "Two Case Studies on Translating Pronouns in a Deep Syntax Framework",
    author = "Nov{\'a}k, Michal  and
      {\v{Z}}abokrtsk{\'y}, Zden{\v{e}}k  and
      Nedoluzhko, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1142",
    pages = "1037--1041",
}
@inproceedings{vu-huy-etal-2013-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation via {WSD} Integration",
    author = "Vu Huy, Hien  and
      Nguyen, Phuong-Thai  and
      Nguyen, Tung-Lam  and
      Nguyen, M.L",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1143",
    pages = "1042--1046",
}
@inproceedings{rasooli-etal-2013-orthographic,
    title = "Orthographic and Morphological Processing for {P}ersian-to-{E}nglish Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Rasooli, Mohammad Sadegh  and
      El Kholy, Ahmed  and
      Habash, Nizar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1144",
    pages = "1047--1051",
}
@inproceedings{mai-xuan-etal-2013-interoperability,
    title = "Interoperability between Service Composition and Processing Pipeline: Case Study on the Language Grid and {UIMA}",
    author = "Mai Xuan, Trang  and
      Murakami, Yohei  and
      Lin, Donghui  and
      Ishida, Toru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1145",
    pages = "1052--1056",
}
@inproceedings{tsunakawa-etal-2013-improving,
    title = "Improving Calculation of Contextual Similarity for Constructing a Bilingual Dictionary via a Third Language",
    author = "Tsunakawa, Takashi  and
      Yamamoto, Yosuke  and
      Kaji, Hiroyuki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1146",
    pages = "1057--1061",
}
@inproceedings{hoshino-etal-2013-two,
    title = "Two-Stage Pre-ordering for {J}apanese-to-{E}nglish Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Hoshino, Sho  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Sudoh, Katsuhito  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1147",
    pages = "1062--1066",
}
@inproceedings{xiang-etal-2013-grammatical,
    title = "Grammatical Error Correction Using Feature Selection and Confidence Tuning",
    author = "Xiang, Yang  and
      Zhang, Yaoyun  and
      Wang, Xiaolong  and
      Wei, Chongqiang  and
      Zheng, Wen  and
      Zhou, Xiaoqiang  and
      Hu, Yuxiu  and
      Qin, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1148",
    pages = "1067--1071",
}
@inproceedings{clifton-etal-2013-online,
    title = "An Online Algorithm for Learning over Constrained Latent Representations using Multiple Views",
    author = "Clifton, Ann  and
      Whitney, Max  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1149",
    pages = "1072--1076",
}
@inproceedings{andrade-etal-2013-synonym,
    title = "Synonym Acquisition Using Bilingual Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Andrade, Daniel  and
      Tsuchida, Masaaki  and
      Onishi, Takashi  and
      Ishikawa, Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1150",
    pages = "1077--1081",
}
@inproceedings{soni-etal-2013-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Verb Frames for Sentence Simplification in {H}indi",
    author = "Soni, Ankush  and
      Jain, Sambhav  and
      Misra Sharma, Dipti",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1151",
    pages = "1082--1086",
}
@inproceedings{can-manandhar-2013-dirichlet,
    title = "{D}irichlet Processes for Joint Learning of Morphology and {P}o{S} Tags",
    author = "Can, Burcu  and
      Manandhar, Suresh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1152",
    pages = "1087--1091",
}
@inproceedings{samad-zadeh-kaljahi-etal-2013-parser,
    title = "Parser Accuracy in Quality Estimation of Machine Translation: A Tree Kernel Approach",
    author = "Samad Zadeh Kaljahi, Rasoul  and
      Foster, Jennifer  and
      Rubino, Raphael  and
      Roturier, Johann  and
      Hollowood, Fred",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1153",
    pages = "1092--1096",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-attribute,
    title = "Attribute Relation Extraction from Template-inconsistent Semi-structured Text by Leveraging Site-level Knowledge",
    author = "Liu, Yang  and
      Liu, Fang  and
      Lai, Siwei  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Zhou, Guangyou  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1154",
    pages = "1097--1101",
}
@inproceedings{mehta-majumder-2013-optimum,
    title = "Optimum Parameter Selection for {K}.{L}.{D}. Based Authorship Attribution in {G}ujarati",
    author = "Mehta, Parth  and
      Majumder, Prasenjit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1155",
    pages = "1102--1106",
}
@inproceedings{gao-etal-2013-modeling,
    title = "Modeling User Leniency and Product Popularity for Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Gao, Wenliang  and
      Yoshinaga, Naoki  and
      Kaji, Nobuhiro  and
      Kitsuregawa, Masaru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1156",
    pages = "1107--1111",
}
@inproceedings{kim-2013-generalized,
    title = "A Generalized {LCS} Algorithm and Its Application to Corpus Alignment",
    author = "Kim, Jin-Dong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1157",
    pages = "1112--1116",
}
@inproceedings{jing-etal-2013-semantic,
    title = {Semantic Na{\"\i}ve {B}ayes Classifier for Document Classification},
    author = "Jing, How  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1158",
    pages = "1117--1123",
}
@inproceedings{petinot-etal-2013-cluster,
    title = "Cluster-based Web Summarization",
    author = "Petinot, Yves  and
      McKeown, Kathleen  and
      Thadani, Kapil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1159",
    pages = "1124--1128",
}
@inproceedings{thorne-etal-2013-automated,
    title = "Automated Activity Recognition in Clinical Documents",
    author = "Thorne, Camilo  and
      Montali, Marco  and
      Calvanese, Diego  and
      Cardillo, Elena  and
      Eccher, Claudio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1160",
    pages = "1129--1133",
}
@inproceedings{hanke-bird-2013-large,
    title = "Large-Scale Text Collection for Unwritten Languages",
    author = "Hanke, Florian R.  and
      Bird, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1161",
    pages = "1134--1138",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-self,
    title = "A Self-learning Template Approach for Recognizing Named Entities from Web Text",
    author = "Liu, Qian  and
      Liu, Bingyang  and
      Wu, Dayong  and
      Liu, Yue  and
      Cheng, Xueqi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1162",
    pages = "1139--1143",
}
@inproceedings{chu-etal-2013-accurate,
    title = "Accurate Parallel Fragment Extraction from Quasi{--}Comparable Corpora using Alignment Model and Translation Lexicon",
    author = "Chu, Chenhui  and
      Nakazawa, Toshiaki  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1163",
    pages = "1144--1150",
}
@inproceedings{ebrahimi-etal-2013-meta,
    title = "Meta-level Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Ebrahimi, Sajad  and
      Meshgi, Kourosh  and
      Khadivi, Shahram  and
      Shiri Ahmad Abady, Mohammad Ebrahim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1164",
    pages = "1151--1157",
}
@inproceedings{saers-wu-2013-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Induction of Bracketing Inversion Transduction Grammars",
    author = "Saers, Markus  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1165",
    pages = "1158--1166",
}
@inproceedings{rubino-etal-2013-estimating,
    title = "Estimating the Quality of Translated User-Generated Content",
    author = "Rubino, Raphael  and
      Foster, Jennifer  and
      Samad Zadeh Kaljahi, Rasoul  and
      Roturier, Johann  and
      Hollowood, Fred",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1166",
    pages = "1167--1173",
}
@inproceedings{el-kholy-etal-2013-selective,
    title = "Selective Combination of Pivot and Direct Statistical Machine Translation Models",
    author = "El Kholy, Ahmed  and
      Habash, Nizar  and
      Leusch, Gregor  and
      Matusov, Evgeny  and
      Sawaf, Hassan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1167",
    pages = "1174--1180",
}
@inproceedings{ghoneim-diab-2013-multiword,
    title = "Multiword Expressions in the Context of Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Ghoneim, Mahmoud  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1168",
    pages = "1181--1187",
}
@inproceedings{szarvas-gurevych-2013-uncertainty,
    title = "Uncertainty Detection for Natural Language Watermarking",
    author = {Szarvas, Gy{\"o}rgy  and
      Gurevych, Iryna},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1169",
    pages = "1188--1194",
}
@inproceedings{jia-zhao-2013-kyss,
    title = "{K}y{SS} 1.0: a Framework for Automatic Evaluation of {C}hinese Input Method Engines",
    author = "Jia, Zhongye  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1170",
    pages = "1195--1201",
}
@inproceedings{agarwal-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Extraction of Social Networks from Literary Text: A Case Study on Alice in Wonderland",
    author = "Agarwal, Apoorv  and
      Kotalwar, Anup  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1171",
    pages = "1202--1208",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2013-using,
    title = "Using the Web to Train a Mobile Device Oriented {J}apanese Input Method Editor",
    author = "Wu, Xianchao  and
      Xiao, Rixin  and
      Chen, Xiaoxin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1172",
    pages = "1209--1215",
}
@inproceedings{akula-etal-2013-novel,
    title = "A Novel Approach Towards Incorporating Context Processing Capabilities in {NLIDB} System",
    author = "Akula, Arjun  and
      Sangal, Rajeev  and
      Mamidi, Radhika",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1173",
    pages = "1216--1222",
}
@inproceedings{silvervarg-jonsson-2013-iterative,
    title = "Iterative Development and Evaluation of a Social Conversational Agent",
    author = {Silvervarg, Annika  and
      J{\"o}nsson, Arne},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1174",
    pages = "1223--1229",
}
@inproceedings{kutlu-cicekli-2013-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Morphological Disambiguation System for {T}urkish",
    author = "Kutlu, Mucahid  and
      Cicekli, Ilyas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1175",
    pages = "1230--1236",
}
@inproceedings{jain-agrawal-2013-dynamic,
    title = "A Dynamic Confusion Score for Dependency Arc Labels",
    author = "Jain, Sambhav  and
      Agrawal, Bhasha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1176",
    pages = "1237--1242",
}
@inproceedings{duong-etal-2013-increasing,
    title = "Increasing the Quality and Quantity of Source Language Data for Unsupervised Cross-Lingual {POS} Tagging",
    author = "Duong, Long  and
      Cook, Paul  and
      Bird, Steven  and
      Pecina, Pavel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1177",
    pages = "1243--1249",
}
@inproceedings{bohnet-etal-2013-towards,
    title = "Towards the Annotation of {P}enn {T}ree{B}ank with Information Structure",
    author = "Bohnet, Bernd  and
      Burga, Alicia  and
      Wanner, Leo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1178",
    pages = "1250--1256",
}
@inproceedings{maskharashvili-pogodalla-2013-constituency,
    title = "Constituency and Dependency Relationship from a Tree Adjoining Grammar and Abstract Categorial Grammars Perspective",
    author = "Maskharashvili, Aleksandre  and
      Pogodalla, Sylvain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1179",
    pages = "1257--1263",
}
@inproceedings{patil-etal-2013-named,
    title = "Named Entity Extraction using Information Distance",
    author = "Patil, Sangameshwar  and
      Pawar, Sachin  and
      Palshikar, Girish",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1180",
    pages = "1264--1270",
}
@inproceedings{mansur-etal-2013-feature,
    title = "Feature-based Neural Language Model and {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Mansur, Mairgup  and
      Pei, Wenzhe  and
      Chang, Baobao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1181",
    pages = "1271--1277",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2013-human,
    title = "Human-Computer Interactive {C}hinese Word Segmentation: An Adaptive {D}irichlet Process Mixture Model Approach",
    author = "Chen, Tongfei  and
      Zou, Xiaojun  and
      Zhu, Weimeng  and
      Hu, Junfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1182",
    pages = "1278--1284",
}
@inproceedings{wang-manning-2013-effect,
    title = "Effect of Non-linear Deep Architecture in Sequence Labeling",
    author = "Wang, Mengqiu  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1183",
    pages = "1285--1291",
}
@inproceedings{imamura-2013-case,
    title = "Case Study of Model Adaptation: Transfer Learning and Online Learning",
    author = "Imamura, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1184",
    pages = "1292--1298",
}
@inproceedings{islam-hoenen-2013-source,
    title = "Source and Translation Classification using Most Frequent Words",
    author = "Islam, Zahurul  and
      Hoenen, Armin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1185",
    pages = "1299--1305",
}
@inproceedings{mersch-lang-2013-comparison,
    title = "Comparison of Algorithmic and Human Assessments of Sentence Similarity",
    author = "Mersch, John  and
      Lang, R. Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1186",
    pages = "1306--1311",
}
@inproceedings{akbik-etal-2013-effective,
    title = "Effective Selectional Restrictions for Unsupervised Relation Extraction",
    author = {Akbik, Alan  and
      Visengeriyeva, Larysa  and
      Kirschnick, Johannes  and
      L{\"o}ser, Alexander},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1187",
    pages = "1312--1320",
}
@inproceedings{ziering-etal-2013-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping Semantic Lexicons for Technical Domains",
    author = {Ziering, Patrick  and
      van der Plas, Lonneke  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1188",
    pages = "1321--1329",
}
@inproceedings{moschitti-etal-2013-long,
    title = "Long-Distance Time-Event Relation Extraction",
    author = "Moschitti, Alessandro  and
      Patwardhan, Siddharth  and
      Welty, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1189",
    pages = "1330--1338",
}
@inproceedings{shinzato-sekine-2013-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Extraction of Attributes and Their Values from Product Description",
    author = "Shinzato, Keiji  and
      Sekine, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1190",
    pages = "1339--1347",
}
@inproceedings{hasan-ng-2013-stance,
    title = "Stance Classification of Ideological Debates: Data, Models, Features, and Constraints",
    author = "Hasan, Kazi Saidul  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1191",
    pages = "1348--1356",
}
@inproceedings{miyao-kawazoe-2013-university,
    title = "University Entrance Examinations as a Benchmark Resource for {NLP}-based Problem Solving",
    author = "Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Kawazoe, Ai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1192",
    pages = "1357--1365",
}
@inproceedings{chen-ng-2013-linguistically,
    title = "Linguistically Aware Coreference Evaluation Metrics",
    author = "Chen, Chen  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1193",
    pages = "1366--1374",
}
@inproceedings{narang-etal-2013-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Assessment of Contemporary Online Media in Ad-Hoc Corpus Creation for Social Events",
    author = "Narang, Kanika  and
      Nagar, Seema  and
      Mehta, Sameep  and
      Subramaniam, L V  and
      Dey, Kuntal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1194",
    pages = "1375--1382",
}
@inproceedings{martinez-gomez-aizawa-2013-diagnosing,
    title = "Diagnosing Causes of Reading Difficulty using {B}ayesian Networks",
    author = "Mart{\'\i}nez-G{\'o}mez, Pascual  and
      Aizawa, Akiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1195",
    pages = "1383--1391",
}
@inproceedings{hazem-morin-2013-word,
    title = "Word Co-occurrence Counts Prediction for Bilingual Terminology Extraction from Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Hazem, Amir  and
      Morin, Emmanuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1196",
    pages = "1392--1400",
}
@inproceedings{mithun-kosseim-2013-measuring,
    title = "Measuring the Effect of Discourse Relations on Blog Summarization",
    author = "Mithun, Shamima  and
      Kosseim, Leila",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1197",
    pages = "1401--1409",
}
@inproceedings{thadani-mckeown-2013-supervised,
    title = "Supervised Sentence Fusion with Single-Stage Inference",
    author = "Thadani, Kapil  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1198",
    pages = "1410--1418",
}
@inproceedings{israel-etal-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting and Correcting Learner {K}orean Particle Omission Errors",
    author = "Israel, Ross  and
      Dickinson, Markus  and
      Lee, Sun-Hee",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1199",
    pages = "1419--1427",
}
@inproceedings{aharodnik-etal-2013-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Identification of Learners{'} Language Background Based on Their Writing in {C}zech",
    author = "Aharodnik, Katsiaryna  and
      Chang, Marco  and
      Feldman, Anna  and
      Hana, Jirka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-1200",
    pages = "1428--1436",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2013-companion,
    title = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    author = "Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      Li, Hang",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2000",
}
@inproceedings{obeid-etal-2013-web,
    title = "A Web-based Annotation Framework For Large-Scale Text Correction",
    author = "Obeid, Ossama  and
      Zaghouani, Wajdi  and
      Mohit, Behrang  and
      Habash, Nizar  and
      Oflazer, Kemal  and
      Tomeh, Nadi",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2001",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{azab-etal-2013-english,
    title = "An {E}nglish Reading Tool as a {NLP} Showcase",
    author = "Azab, Mahmoud  and
      Salama, Ahmed  and
      Oflazer, Kemal  and
      Shima, Hideki  and
      Araki, Jun  and
      Mitamura, Teruko",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2002",
    pages = "5--8",
}
@inproceedings{kumar-etal-2013-dashboard,
    title = "{D}ashboard: A Tool for Integration, Validation, and Visualization of Distributed {NLP} Systems on Heterogeneous Platforms",
    author = "Kumar, Pawan  and
      Ahmad, Rashid  and
      Chaudhary, Banshi  and
      Sinha, Mukul",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2003",
    pages = "9--12",
}
@inproceedings{pasha-etal-2013-dira,
    title = "{DIRA}: Dialectal {A}rabic Information Retrieval Assistant",
    author = "Pasha, Arfath  and
      Al-Badrashiny, Mohammad  and
      Altantawy, Mohamed  and
      Habash, Nizar  and
      Pooleery, Manoj  and
      Rambow, Owen  and
      M. Roth, Ryan  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2004",
    pages = "13--16",
}
@inproceedings{berend-farkas-2013-keyphrase,
    title = "Keyphrase-Driven Document Visualization Tool",
    author = "Berend, G{\'a}bor  and
      Farkas, Rich{\'a}rd",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2005",
    pages = "17--20",
}
@inproceedings{joshi-etal-2013-making,
    title = "Making Headlines in {H}indi: Automatic {E}nglish to {H}indi News Headline Translation",
    author = "Joshi, Aditya  and
      Popat, Kashyap  and
      Gautam, Shubham  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2006",
    pages = "21--24",
}
@inproceedings{ballesteros-carlini-2013-maltdiver,
    title = "{M}alt{D}iver: A Transition-Based Parser Visualizer",
    author = "Ballesteros, Miguel  and
      Carlini, Roberto",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2007",
    pages = "25--28",
}
@inproceedings{ohtake-etal-2013-nict,
    title = "{NICT} Disaster Information Analysis System",
    author = "Ohtake, Kiyonori  and
      Goto, Jun  and
      De Saeger, Stijn  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      Mizuno, Junta  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2008",
    pages = "29--32",
}
@inproceedings{agarwal-etal-2013-sinnet,
    title = "{SINNET}: Social Interaction Network Extractor from Text",
    author = "Agarwal, Apoorv  and
      Kotalwar, Anup  and
      Zheng, Jiehan  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2009",
    pages = "33--36",
}
@inproceedings{litvak-matz-2013-smartnews,
    title = "{S}mart{N}ews: Towards content-sensitive ranking of comments",
    author = "Litvak, Marina  and
      Matz, Leon",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2010",
    pages = "37--40",
}
@inproceedings{chudy-etal-2013-tmuse,
    title = "{T}muse: Lexical Network Exploration",
    author = "Chudy, Yannick  and
      Desalle, Yann  and
      Gaillard, Beno{\^\i}t  and
      Gaume, Bruno  and
      Magistry, Pierre  and
      Navarro, Emmanuel",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2011",
    pages = "41--44",
}
@inproceedings{tanaka-etal-2013-wisdom2013,
    title = "{WISDOM}2013: A Large-scale Web Information Analysis System",
    author = "Tanaka, Masahiro  and
      De Saeger, Stijn  and
      Ohtake, Kiyonori  and
      Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Hijiya, Makoto  and
      Fujii, Hideaki  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "The Companion Volume of the Proceedings of {IJCNLP} 2013: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Nagoya, Japan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I13-2012",
    pages = "45--48",
}
@proceedings{acl-2011-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    author = "Lin, Dekang  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1000",
}
@inproceedings{zollmann-vogel-2011-word,
    title = "A Word-Class Approach to Labeling {PSCFG} Rules for Machine Translation",
    author = "Zollmann, Andreas  and
      Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1001",
    pages = "1--11",
}
@inproceedings{ravi-knight-2011-deciphering,
    title = "Deciphering Foreign Language",
    author = "Ravi, Sujith  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1002",
    pages = "12--21",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2011-effective,
    title = "Effective Use of Function Words for Rule Generalization in Forest-Based Translation",
    author = "Wu, Xianchao  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1003",
    pages = "22--31",
}
@inproceedings{clifton-sarkar-2011-combining,
    title = "Combining Morpheme-based Machine Translation with Post-processing Morpheme Prediction",
    author = "Clifton, Ann  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1004",
    pages = "32--42",
}
@inproceedings{rehbein-ruppenhofer-2011-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating the Impact of Coder Errors on Active Learning",
    author = "Rehbein, Ines  and
      Ruppenhofer, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1005",
    pages = "43--51",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2011-fast,
    title = "A Fast and Accurate Method for Approximate String Search",
    author = "Wang, Ziqi  and
      Xu, Gu  and
      Li, Hang  and
      Zhang, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1006",
    pages = "52--61",
}
@inproceedings{titov-2011-domain,
    title = "Domain Adaptation by Constraining Inter-Domain Variability of Latent Feature Representation",
    author = "Titov, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1007",
    pages = "62--71",
}
@inproceedings{rush-collins-2011-exact,
    title = "Exact Decoding of Syntactic Translation Models through {L}agrangian Relaxation",
    author = "Rush, Alexander M.  and
      Collins, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1008",
    pages = "72--82",
}
@inproceedings{pantel-fuxman-2011-jigs,
    title = "Jigs and Lures: Associating Web Queries with Structured Entities",
    author = "Pantel, Patrick  and
      Fuxman, Ariel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1009",
    pages = "83--92",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-sun-2011-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised {S}im{H}ash for Efficient Document Similarity Search",
    author = "Jiang, Qixia  and
      Sun, Maosong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1010",
    pages = "93--101",
}
@inproceedings{bendersky-etal-2011-joint,
    title = "Joint Annotation of Search Queries",
    author = "Bendersky, Michael  and
      Croft, W. Bruce  and
      Smith, David A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1011",
    pages = "102--111",
}
@inproceedings{cai-etal-2011-query,
    title = "Query Weighting for Ranking Model Adaptation",
    author = "Cai, Peng  and
      Gao, Wei  and
      Zhou, Aoying  and
      Wong, Kam-Fai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1012",
    pages = "112--122",
}
@inproceedings{he-etal-2011-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Extracting Polarity-Bearing Topics for Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification",
    author = "He, Yulan  and
      Lin, Chenghua  and
      Alani, Harith",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1013",
    pages = "123--131",
}
@inproceedings{bollegala-etal-2011-using,
    title = "Using Multiple Sources to Construct a Sentiment Sensitive Thesaurus for Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Bollegala, Danushka  and
      Weir, David  and
      Carroll, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1014",
    pages = "132--141",
}
@inproceedings{maas-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning Word Vectors for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Maas, Andrew L.  and
      Daly, Raymond E.  and
      Pham, Peter T.  and
      Huang, Dan  and
      Ng, Andrew Y.  and
      Potts, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1015",
    pages = "142--150",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2011-target,
    title = "Target-dependent Twitter Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Jiang, Long  and
      Yu, Mo  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Liu, Xiaohua  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1016",
    pages = "151--160",
}
@inproceedings{shudo-etal-2011-comprehensive,
    title = "A Comprehensive Dictionary of Multiword Expressions",
    author = "Shudo, Kosho  and
      Kurahone, Akira  and
      Tanabe, Toshifumi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1017",
    pages = "161--170",
}
@inproceedings{gower-small-etal-2011-multi,
    title = "Multi-Modal Annotation of Quest Games in Second Life",
    author = "Gower Small, Sharon  and
      Strommer-Galley, Jennifer  and
      Strzalkowski, Tomek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1018",
    pages = "171--179",
}
@inproceedings{yannakoudakis-etal-2011-new,
    title = "A New Dataset and Method for Automatically Grading {ESOL} Texts",
    author = "Yannakoudakis, Helen  and
      Briscoe, Ted  and
      Medlock, Ben",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1019",
    pages = "180--189",
}
@inproceedings{chen-dolan-2011-collecting,
    title = "Collecting Highly Parallel Data for Paraphrase Evaluation",
    author = "Chen, David  and
      Dolan, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1020",
    pages = "190--200",
}
@inproceedings{tan-etal-2011-large,
    title = "A Large Scale Distributed Syntactic, Semantic and Lexical Language Model for Machine Translation",
    author = "Tan, Ming  and
      Zhou, Wenli  and
      Zheng, Lei  and
      Wang, Shaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1021",
    pages = "201--210",
}
@inproceedings{bach-etal-2011-goodness,
    title = "{G}oodness: A Method for Measuring Machine Translation Confidence",
    author = "Bach, Nguyen  and
      Huang, Fei  and
      Al-Onaizan, Yaser",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1022",
    pages = "211--219",
}
@inproceedings{lo-wu-2011-meant,
    title = "{MEANT}: An inexpensive, high-accuracy, semi-automatic metric for evaluating translation utility based on semantic roles",
    author = "Lo, Chi-kiu  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1023",
    pages = "220--229",
}
@inproceedings{subotin-2011-exponential,
    title = "An exponential translation model for target language morphology",
    author = "Subotin, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1024",
    pages = "230--238",
}
@inproceedings{ravi-knight-2011-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Inference for Zodiac and Other Homophonic Ciphers",
    author = "Ravi, Sujith  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1025",
    pages = "239--247",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2011-interactive,
    title = "Interactive Topic Modeling",
    author = "Hu, Yuening  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Satinoff, Brianna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1026",
    pages = "248--257",
}
@inproceedings{pauls-klein-2011-faster,
    title = "Faster and Smaller N-Gram Language Models",
    author = "Pauls, Adam  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1027",
    pages = "258--267",
}
@inproceedings{branavan-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning to Win by Reading Manuals in a Monte-{C}arlo Framework",
    author = "Branavan, S.R.K.  and
      Silver, David  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1028",
    pages = "268--277",
}
@inproceedings{veale-2011-creative,
    title = "Creative Language Retrieval: A Robust Hybrid of Information Retrieval and Linguistic Creativity",
    author = "Veale, Tony",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1029",
    pages = "278--287",
}
@inproceedings{escalante-etal-2011-local,
    title = "Local Histograms of Character N-grams for Authorship Attribution",
    author = "Escalante, Hugo Jair  and
      Solorio, Thamar  and
      Montes-y-G{\'o}mez, Manuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1030",
    pages = "288--298",
}
@inproceedings{kireyev-landauer-2011-word,
    title = "Word Maturity: Computational Modeling of Word Knowledge",
    author = "Kireyev, Kirill  and
      Landauer, Thomas K",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1031",
    pages = "299--308",
}
@inproceedings{ott-etal-2011-finding,
    title = "Finding Deceptive Opinion Spam by Any Stretch of the Imagination",
    author = "Ott, Myle  and
      Choi, Yejin  and
      Cardie, Claire  and
      Hancock, Jeffrey T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1032",
    pages = "309--319",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2011-joint,
    title = "Joint Bilingual Sentiment Classification with Unlabeled Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Lu, Bin  and
      Tan, Chenhao  and
      Cardie, Claire  and
      Tsou, Benjamin K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1033",
    pages = "320--330",
}
@inproceedings{wang-liu-2011-pilot,
    title = "A Pilot Study of Opinion Summarization in Conversations",
    author = "Wang, Dong  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1034",
    pages = "331--339",
}
@inproceedings{park-etal-2011-contrasting,
    title = "Contrasting Opposing Views of News Articles on Contentious Issues",
    author = "Park, Souneil  and
      Lee, KyungSoon  and
      Song, Junehwa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1035",
    pages = "340--349",
}
@inproceedings{sauper-etal-2011-content,
    title = "Content Models with Attitude",
    author = "Sauper, Christina  and
      Haghighi, Aria  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1036",
    pages = "350--358",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2011-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing Named Entities in Tweets",
    author = "Liu, Xiaohua  and
      Zhang, Shaodian  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1037",
    pages = "359--367",
}
@inproceedings{han-baldwin-2011-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Normalisation of Short Text Messages: Makn Sens a {\#}twitter",
    author = "Han, Bo  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1038",
    pages = "368--378",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-etal-2011-topical,
    title = "Topical Keyphrase Extraction from Twitter",
    author = "Zhao, Xin  and
      Jiang, Jing  and
      He, Jing  and
      Song, Yang  and
      Achanauparp, Palakorn  and
      Lim, Ee-Peng  and
      Li, Xiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1039",
    pages = "379--388",
}
@inproceedings{benson-etal-2011-event,
    title = "Event Discovery in Social Media Feeds",
    author = "Benson, Edward  and
      Haghighi, Aria  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1040",
    pages = "389--398",
}
@inproceedings{bhargava-kondrak-2011-pronounce,
    title = "How do you pronounce your name? Improving {G}2{P} with transliterations",
    author = "Bhargava, Aditya  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1041",
    pages = "399--408",
}
@inproceedings{dyer-etal-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Word Alignment with Arbitrary Features",
    author = "Dyer, Chris  and
      Clark, Jonathan H.  and
      Lavie, Alon  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1042",
    pages = "409--419",
}
@inproceedings{denero-macherey-2011-model,
    title = "Model-Based Aligner Combination Using Dual Decomposition",
    author = "DeNero, John  and
      Macherey, Klaus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1043",
    pages = "420--429",
}
@inproceedings{sajjad-etal-2011-algorithm,
    title = "An Algorithm for Unsupervised Transliteration Mining with an Application to Word Alignment",
    author = "Sajjad, Hassan  and
      Fraser, Alexander  and
      Schmid, Helmut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1044",
    pages = "430--439",
}
@inproceedings{bodenstab-etal-2011-beam,
    title = "Beam-Width Prediction for Efficient Context-Free Parsing",
    author = "Bodenstab, Nathan  and
      Dunlop, Aaron  and
      Hall, Keith  and
      Roark, Brian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1045",
    pages = "440--449",
}
@inproceedings{crescenzi-etal-2011-optimal,
    title = "Optimal Head-Driven Parsing Complexity for Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems",
    author = "Crescenzi, Pierluigi  and
      Gildea, Daniel  and
      Marino, Andrea  and
      Rossi, Gianluca  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1046",
    pages = "450--459",
}
@inproceedings{nederhof-satta-2011-prefix,
    title = "Prefix Probability for Probabilistic Synchronous Context-Free Grammars",
    author = "Nederhof, Mark-Jan  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1047",
    pages = "460--469",
}
@inproceedings{auli-lopez-2011-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Loopy Belief Propagation and Dual Decomposition for Integrated {CCG} Supertagging and Parsing",
    author = "Auli, Michael  and
      Lopez, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1048",
    pages = "470--480",
}
@inproceedings{berg-kirkpatrick-etal-2011-jointly,
    title = "Jointly Learning to Extract and Compress",
    author = "Berg-Kirkpatrick, Taylor  and
      Gillick, Dan  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1049",
    pages = "481--490",
}
@inproceedings{celikyilmaz-hakkani-tur-2011-discovery,
    title = "Discovery of Topically Coherent Sentences for Extractive Summarization",
    author = {Celikyilmaz, Asli  and
      Hakkani-T{\"u}r, Dilek},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1050",
    pages = "491--499",
}
@inproceedings{abu-jbara-radev-2011-coherent,
    title = "Coherent Citation-Based Summarization of Scientific Papers",
    author = "Abu-Jbara, Amjad  and
      Radev, Dragomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1051",
    pages = "500--509",
}
@inproceedings{lin-bilmes-2011-class,
    title = "A Class of Submodular Functions for Document Summarization",
    author = "Lin, Hui  and
      Bilmes, Jeff",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1052",
    pages = "510--520",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2011-semi,
    title = "Semi-supervised Relation Extraction with Large-scale Word Clustering",
    author = "Sun, Ang  and
      Grishman, Ralph  and
      Sekine, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1053",
    pages = "521--529",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2011-domain,
    title = "In-domain Relation Discovery with Meta-constraints via Posterior Regularization",
    author = "Chen, Harr  and
      Benson, Edward  and
      Naseem, Tahira  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1054",
    pages = "530--540",
}
@inproceedings{hoffmann-etal-2011-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge-Based Weak Supervision for Information Extraction of Overlapping Relations",
    author = "Hoffmann, Raphael  and
      Zhang, Congle  and
      Ling, Xiao  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke  and
      Weld, Daniel S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1055",
    pages = "541--550",
}
@inproceedings{chan-roth-2011-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Syntactico-Semantic Structures for Relation Extraction",
    author = "Chan, Yee Seng  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1056",
    pages = "551--560",
}
@inproceedings{khapra-etal-2011-together,
    title = "Together We Can: Bilingual Bootstrapping for {WSD}",
    author = "Khapra, Mitesh M.  and
      Joshi, Salil  and
      Chatterjee, Arindam  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1057",
    pages = "561--569",
}
@inproceedings{krishnamurthy-mitchell-2011-noun,
    title = "Which Noun Phrases Denote Which Concepts?",
    author = "Krishnamurthy, Jayant  and
      Mitchell, Tom",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1058",
    pages = "570--580",
}
@inproceedings{blanco-moldovan-2011-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Representation of Negation Using Focus Detection",
    author = "Blanco, Eduardo  and
      Moldovan, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1059",
    pages = "581--589",
}
@inproceedings{liang-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning Dependency-Based Compositional Semantics",
    author = "Liang, Percy  and
      Jordan, Michael  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1060",
    pages = "590--599",
}
@inproceedings{das-petrov-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Tagging with Bilingual Graph-Based Projections",
    author = "Das, Dipanjan  and
      Petrov, Slav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1061",
    pages = "600--609",
}
@inproceedings{berant-etal-2011-global,
    title = "Global Learning of Typed Entailment Rules",
    author = "Berant, Jonathan  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Goldberger, Jacob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1062",
    pages = "610--619",
}
@inproceedings{schwartz-etal-2011-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Syntactic Language Models for Phrase-based Translation",
    author = "Schwartz, Lane  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      Schuler, William  and
      Wu, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1063",
    pages = "620--631",
}
@inproceedings{neubig-etal-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "An Unsupervised Model for Joint Phrase Alignment and Extraction",
    author = "Neubig, Graham  and
      Watanabe, Taro  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Mori, Shinsuke  and
      Kawahara, Tatsuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1064",
    pages = "632--641",
}
@inproceedings{mylonakis-simaan-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning Hierarchical Translation Structure with Linguistic Annotations",
    author = "Mylonakis, Markos  and
      Sima{'}an, Khalil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1065",
    pages = "642--652",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2011-phrase,
    title = "Phrase-Based Translation Model for Question Retrieval in Community Question Answer Archives",
    author = "Zhou, Guangyou  and
      Cai, Li  and
      Zhao, Jun  and
      Liu, Kang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1066",
    pages = "653--662",
}
@inproceedings{schwartz-etal-2011-neutralizing,
    title = "Neutralizing Linguistically Problematic Annotations in Unsupervised Dependency Parsing Evaluation",
    author = "Schwartz, Roy  and
      Abend, Omri  and
      Reichart, Roi  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1067",
    pages = "663--672",
}
@inproceedings{kuhlmann-etal-2011-dynamic,
    title = "Dynamic Programming Algorithms for Transition-Based Dependency Parsers",
    author = "Kuhlmann, Marco  and
      G{\'o}mez-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Carlos  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1068",
    pages = "673--682",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-clark-2011-shift,
    title = "Shift-Reduce {CCG} Parsing",
    author = "Zhang, Yue  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1069",
    pages = "683--692",
}
@inproceedings{bansal-klein-2011-web,
    title = "Web-Scale Features for Full-Scale Parsing",
    author = "Bansal, Mohit  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1070",
    pages = "693--702",
}
@inproceedings{zwarts-johnson-2011-impact,
    title = "The impact of language models and loss functions on repair disfluency detection",
    author = "Zwarts, Simon  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1071",
    pages = "703--711",
}
@inproceedings{parada-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning Sub-Word Units for Open Vocabulary Speech Recognition",
    author = "Parada, Carolina  and
      Dredze, Mark  and
      Sethy, Abhinav  and
      Rastrow, Ariya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1072",
    pages = "712--721",
}
@inproceedings{chen-zechner-2011-computing,
    title = "Computing and Evaluating Syntactic Complexity Features for Automated Scoring of Spontaneous Non-Native Speech",
    author = "Chen, Miao  and
      Zechner, Klaus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1073",
    pages = "722--731",
}
@inproceedings{jeon-etal-2011-n,
    title = "N-Best Rescoring Based on Pitch-accent Patterns",
    author = "Jeon, Je Hun  and
      Wang, Wen  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1074",
    pages = "732--741",
}
@inproceedings{kiritchenko-cherry-2011-lexically,
    title = "Lexically-Triggered Hidden {M}arkov Models for Clinical Document Coding",
    author = "Kiritchenko, Svetlana  and
      Cherry, Colin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1075",
    pages = "742--751",
}
@inproceedings{mohler-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning to Grade Short Answer Questions using Semantic Similarity Measures and Dependency Graph Alignments",
    author = "Mohler, Michael  and
      Bunescu, Razvan  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1076",
    pages = "752--762",
}
@inproceedings{rosenthal-mckeown-2011-age,
    title = "Age Prediction in Blogs: A Study of Style, Content, and Online Behavior in Pre- and Post-Social Media Generations",
    author = "Rosenthal, Sara  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1077",
    pages = "763--772",
}
@inproceedings{bramsen-etal-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Social Power Relationships from Natural Language",
    author = "Bramsen, Philip  and
      Escobar-Molano, Martha  and
      Patel, Ami  and
      Alonso, Rafael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1078",
    pages = "773--782",
}
@inproceedings{kobdani-etal-2011-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping coreference resolution using word associations",
    author = "Kobdani, Hamidreza  and
      Schuetze, Hinrich  and
      Schiehlen, Michael  and
      Kamp, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1079",
    pages = "783--792",
}
@inproceedings{singh-etal-2011-large,
    title = "Large-Scale Cross-Document Coreference Using Distributed Inference and Hierarchical Models",
    author = "Singh, Sameer  and
      Subramanya, Amarnag  and
      Pereira, Fernando  and
      McCallum, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1080",
    pages = "793--803",
}
@inproceedings{iida-poesio-2011-cross,
    title = "A Cross-Lingual {ILP} Solution to Zero Anaphora Resolution",
    author = "Iida, Ryu  and
      Poesio, Massimo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1081",
    pages = "804--813",
}
@inproceedings{rahman-ng-2011-coreference,
    title = "Coreference Resolution with World Knowledge",
    author = "Rahman, Altaf  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1082",
    pages = "814--824",
}
@inproceedings{maletti-2011-train,
    title = "How to train your multi bottom-up tree transducer",
    author = "Maletti, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1083",
    pages = "825--834",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2011-binarized,
    title = "Binarized Forest to String Translation",
    author = "Zhang, Hao  and
      Fang, Licheng  and
      Xu, Peng  and
      Wu, Xiaoyun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1084",
    pages = "835--845",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning to Transform and Select Elementary Trees for Improved Syntax-based Machine Translations",
    author = "Zhao, Bing  and
      Lee, Young-Suk  and
      Luo, Xiaoqiang  and
      Li, Liu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1085",
    pages = "846--855",
}
@inproceedings{vaswani-etal-2011-rule,
    title = "Rule {M}arkov Models for Fast Tree-to-String Translation",
    author = "Vaswani, Ashish  and
      Mi, Haitao  and
      Huang, Liang  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1086",
    pages = "856--864",
}
@inproceedings{blunsom-cohn-2011-hierarchical,
    title = "A Hierarchical Pitman-Yor Process {HMM} for Unsupervised Part of Speech Induction",
    author = "Blunsom, Phil  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1087",
    pages = "865--874",
}
@inproceedings{habash-roth-2011-using,
    title = "Using Deep Morphology to Improve Automatic Error Detection in {A}rabic Handwriting Recognition",
    author = "Habash, Nizar  and
      Roth, Ryan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1088",
    pages = "875--884",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2011-discriminative,
    title = "A Discriminative Model for Joint Morphological Disambiguation and Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Lee, John  and
      Naradowsky, Jason  and
      Smith, David A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1089",
    pages = "885--894",
}
@inproceedings{naradowsky-toutanova-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Bilingual Morpheme Segmentation and Alignment with Context-rich Hidden Semi-{M}arkov Models",
    author = "Naradowsky, Jason  and
      Toutanova, Kristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1090",
    pages = "895--904",
}
@inproceedings{bao-etal-2011-graph,
    title = "A Graph Approach to Spelling Correction in Domain-Centric Search",
    author = "Bao, Zhuowei  and
      Kimelfeld, Benny  and
      Li, Yunyao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1091",
    pages = "905--914",
}
@inproceedings{dahlmeier-ng-2011-grammatical,
    title = "Grammatical Error Correction with Alternating Structure Optimization",
    author = "Dahlmeier, Daniel  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1092",
    pages = "915--923",
}
@inproceedings{rozovskaya-roth-2011-algorithm,
    title = "Algorithm Selection and Model Adaptation for {ESL} Correction Tasks",
    author = "Rozovskaya, Alla  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1093",
    pages = "924--933",
}
@inproceedings{park-levy-2011-automated,
    title = "Automated Whole Sentence Grammar Correction Using a Noisy Channel Model",
    author = "Park, Y. Albert  and
      Levy, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1094",
    pages = "934--944",
}
@inproceedings{han-sun-2011-generative,
    title = "A Generative Entity-Mention Model for Linking Entities with Knowledge Base",
    author = "Han, Xianpei  and
      Sun, Le",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1095",
    pages = "945--954",
}
@inproceedings{wing-baldridge-2011-simple,
    title = "Simple supervised document geolocation with geodesic grids",
    author = "Wing, Benjamin  and
      Baldridge, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1096",
    pages = "955--964",
}
@inproceedings{rud-etal-2011-piggyback,
    title = "{P}iggyback: Using Search Engines for Robust Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognition",
    author = {R{\"u}d, Stefan  and
      Ciaramita, Massimiliano  and
      M{\"u}ller, Jens  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1097",
    pages = "965--975",
}
@inproceedings{chambers-jurafsky-2011-template,
    title = "Template-Based Information Extraction without the Templates",
    author = "Chambers, Nathanael  and
      Jurafsky, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1098",
    pages = "976--986",
}
@inproceedings{feng-hirst-2011-classifying,
    title = "Classifying arguments by scheme",
    author = "Feng, Vanessa Wei  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1099",
    pages = "987--996",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2011-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Evaluating Text Coherence Using Discourse Relations",
    author = "Lin, Ziheng  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Kan, Min-Yen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1100",
    pages = "997--1006",
}
@inproceedings{zarriess-etal-2011-underspecifying,
    title = "Underspecifying and Predicting Voice for Surface Realisation Ranking",
    author = "Zarrie{\ss}, Sina  and
      Cahill, Aoife  and
      Kuhn, Jonas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1101",
    pages = "1007--1017",
}
@inproceedings{mayfield-penstein-rose-2011-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing Authority in Dialogue with an Integer Linear Programming Constrained Model",
    author = "Mayfield, Elijah  and
      Penstein Ros{\'e}, Carolyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1102",
    pages = "1018--1026",
}
@inproceedings{birch-osborne-2011-reordering,
    title = "Reordering Metrics for {MT}",
    author = "Birch, Alexandra  and
      Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1103",
    pages = "1027--1035",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2011-reordering,
    title = "Reordering with Source Language Collocations",
    author = "Liu, Zhanyi  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Wu, Hua  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1104",
    pages = "1036--1044",
}
@inproceedings{durrani-etal-2011-joint,
    title = "A Joint Sequence Translation Model with Integrated Reordering",
    author = "Durrani, Nadir  and
      Schmid, Helmut  and
      Fraser, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1105",
    pages = "1045--1054",
}
@inproceedings{levy-2011-integrating,
    title = "Integrating surprisal and uncertain-input models in online sentence comprehension: formal techniques and empirical results",
    author = "Levy, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1106",
    pages = "1055--1065",
}
@inproceedings{fokkens-2011-metagrammar,
    title = "Metagrammar engineering: Towards systematic exploration of implemented grammars",
    author = "Fokkens, Antske",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1107",
    pages = "1066--1076",
}
@inproceedings{ponvert-etal-2011-simple,
    title = "Simple Unsupervised Grammar Induction from Raw Text with Cascaded Finite State Models",
    author = "Ponvert, Elias  and
      Baldridge, Jason  and
      Erk, Katrin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1108",
    pages = "1077--1086",
}
@inproceedings{hashimoto-etal-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Paraphrases from Definition Sentences on the Web",
    author = "Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      De Saeger, Stijn  and
      Kazama, Jun{'}ichi  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1109",
    pages = "1087--1097",
}
@inproceedings{qazvinian-radev-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning From Collective Human Behavior to Introduce Diversity in Lexical Choice",
    author = "Qazvinian, Vahed  and
      Radev, Dragomir R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1110",
    pages = "1098--1108",
}
@inproceedings{liu-haghighi-2011-ordering,
    title = "Ordering Prenominal Modifiers with a Reranking Approach",
    author = "Liu, Jenny  and
      Haghighi, Aria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1111",
    pages = "1109--1116",
}
@inproceedings{lang-lapata-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Semantic Role Induction via Split-Merge Clustering",
    author = "Lang, Joel  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1112",
    pages = "1117--1126",
}
@inproceedings{hong-etal-2011-using,
    title = "Using Cross-Entity Inference to Improve Event Extraction",
    author = "Hong, Yu  and
      Zhang, Jianfeng  and
      Ma, Bin  and
      Yao, Jianmin  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1113",
    pages = "1127--1136",
}
@inproceedings{huang-riloff-2011-peeling,
    title = "Peeling Back the Layers: Detecting Event Role Fillers in Secondary Contexts",
    author = "Huang, Ruihong  and
      Riloff, Ellen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1114",
    pages = "1137--1147",
}
@inproceedings{ji-grishman-2011-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge Base Population: Successful Approaches and Challenges",
    author = "Ji, Heng  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1115",
    pages = "1148--1158",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2011-nonlinear,
    title = "Nonlinear Evidence Fusion and Propagation for Hyponymy Relation Mining",
    author = "Zhang, Fan  and
      Shi, Shuming  and
      Liu, Jing  and
      Sun, Shuqi  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1116",
    pages = "1159--1168",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-pronoun,
    title = "A Pronoun Anaphora Resolution System based on Factorial Hidden {M}arkov Models",
    author = "Li, Dingcheng  and
      Miller, Tim  and
      Schuler, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1117",
    pages = "1169--1178",
}
@inproceedings{elsner-charniak-2011-disentangling,
    title = "Disentangling Chat with Local Coherence Models",
    author = "Elsner, Micha  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1118",
    pages = "1179--1189",
}
@inproceedings{boyer-etal-2011-affect,
    title = "An Affect-Enriched Dialogue Act Classification Model for Task-Oriented Dialogue",
    author = "Boyer, Kristy  and
      Grafsgaard, Joseph  and
      Ha, Eun Young  and
      Phillips, Robert  and
      Lester, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1119",
    pages = "1190--1199",
}
@inproceedings{reisinger-pasca-2011-fine,
    title = "Fine-Grained Class Label Markup of Search Queries",
    author = "Reisinger, Joseph  and
      Pa{\c{s}}ca, Marius",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1120",
    pages = "1200--1209",
}
@inproceedings{nagata-etal-2011-creating,
    title = "Creating a manually error-tagged and shallow-parsed learner corpus",
    author = "Nagata, Ryo  and
      Whittaker, Edward  and
      Sheinman, Vera",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1121",
    pages = "1210--1219",
}
@inproceedings{zaidan-callison-burch-2011-crowdsourcing,
    title = "Crowdsourcing Translation: Professional Quality from Non-Professionals",
    author = "Zaidan, Omar F.  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1122",
    pages = "1220--1229",
}
@inproceedings{luo-zhao-2011-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical Tree Annotator and Its Applications",
    author = "Luo, Xiaoqiang  and
      Zhao, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1123",
    pages = "1230--1238",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2011-consistent,
    title = "Consistent Translation using Discriminative Learning - A Translation Memory-inspired Approach",
    author = "Ma, Yanjun  and
      He, Yifan  and
      Way, Andy  and
      van Genabith, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1124",
    pages = "1239--1248",
}
@inproceedings{watanabe-sumita-2011-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation System Combination by Confusion Forest",
    author = "Watanabe, Taro  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1125",
    pages = "1249--1257",
}
@inproceedings{duan-etal-2011-hypothesis,
    title = "Hypothesis Mixture Decoding for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Duan, Nan  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1126",
    pages = "1258--1267",
}
@inproceedings{gonzalez-rubio-etal-2011-minimum,
    title = "Minimum {B}ayes-risk System Combination",
    author = "Gonz{\'a}lez-Rubio, Jes{\'u}s  and
      Juan, Alfons  and
      Casacuberta, Francisco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1127",
    pages = "1268--1277",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2011-adjoining,
    title = "Adjoining Tree-to-String Translation",
    author = {Liu, Yang  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      L{\"u}, Yajuan},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1128",
    pages = "1278--1287",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-etal-2011-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing Language Models in Statistical Machine Translation with Backward N-grams and Mutual Information Triggers",
    author = "Xiong, Deyi  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1129",
    pages = "1288--1297",
}
@inproceedings{nakov-ng-2011-translating,
    title = "Translating from Morphologically Complex Languages: A Paraphrase-Based Approach",
    author = "Nakov, Preslav  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1130",
    pages = "1298--1307",
}
@inproceedings{bansal-etal-2011-gappy,
    title = "Gappy Phrasal Alignment By Agreement",
    author = "Bansal, Mohit  and
      Quirk, Chris  and
      Moore, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1131",
    pages = "1308--1317",
}
@inproceedings{koppel-ordan-2011-translationese,
    title = "Translationese and Its Dialects",
    author = "Koppel, Moshe  and
      Ordan, Noam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1132",
    pages = "1318--1326",
}
@inproceedings{prochasson-fung-2011-rare,
    title = "Rare Word Translation Extraction from Aligned Comparable Documents",
    author = "Prochasson, Emmanuel  and
      Fung, Pascale",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1133",
    pages = "1327--1335",
}
@inproceedings{mehdad-etal-2011-using,
    title = "Using Bilingual Parallel Corpora for Cross-Lingual Textual Entailment",
    author = "Mehdad, Yashar  and
      Negri, Matteo  and
      Federico, Marcello",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1134",
    pages = "1336--1345",
}
@inproceedings{bergsma-etal-2011-using,
    title = "Using Large Monolingual and Bilingual Corpora to Improve Coordination Disambiguation",
    author = "Bergsma, Shane  and
      Yarowsky, David  and
      Church, Kenneth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1135",
    pages = "1346--1355",
}
@inproceedings{koppel-etal-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Decomposition of a Document into Authorial Components",
    author = "Koppel, Moshe  and
      Akiva, Navot  and
      Dershowitz, Idan  and
      Dershowitz, Nachum",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1136",
    pages = "1356--1364",
}
@inproceedings{eisenstein-etal-2011-discovering,
    title = "Discovering Sociolinguistic Associations with Structured Sparsity",
    author = "Eisenstein, Jacob  and
      Smith, Noah A.  and
      Xing, Eric P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1137",
    pages = "1365--1374",
}
@inproceedings{ratinov-etal-2011-local,
    title = "Local and Global Algorithms for Disambiguation to {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Ratinov, Lev  and
      Roth, Dan  and
      Downey, Doug  and
      Anderson, Mike",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1138",
    pages = "1375--1384",
}
@inproceedings{sun-2011-stacked,
    title = "A Stacked Sub-Word Model for Joint {C}hinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-Speech Tagging",
    author = "Sun, Weiwei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1139",
    pages = "1385--1394",
}
@inproceedings{macherey-etal-2011-language,
    title = "Language-independent compound splitting with morphological operations",
    author = "Macherey, Klaus  and
      Dai, Andrew  and
      Talbot, David  and
      Popat, Ashok  and
      Och, Franz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1140",
    pages = "1395--1404",
}
@inproceedings{li-2011-parsing,
    title = "Parsing the Internal Structure of Words: A New Paradigm for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Li, Zhongguo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1141",
    pages = "1405--1414",
}
@inproceedings{penas-rodrigo-2011-simple,
    title = "A Simple Measure to Assess Non-response",
    author = "Pe{\~n}as, Anselmo  and
      Rodrigo, Alvaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1142",
    pages = "1415--1424",
}
@inproceedings{li-manandhar-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving Question Recommendation by Exploiting Information Need",
    author = "Li, Shuguang  and
      Manandhar, Suresh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1143",
    pages = "1425--1434",
}
@inproceedings{das-smith-2011-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Frame-Semantic Parsing for Unknown Predicates",
    author = "Das, Dipanjan  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1144",
    pages = "1435--1444",
}
@inproceedings{titov-klementiev-2011-bayesian,
    title = "A {B}ayesian Model for Unsupervised Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Titov, Ivan  and
      Klementiev, Alexandre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1145",
    pages = "1445--1455",
}
@inproceedings{blanco-moldovan-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Learning of Semantic Relation Composition",
    author = "Blanco, Eduardo  and
      Moldovan, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1146",
    pages = "1456--1465",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-etal-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Discovery of Domain-Specific Knowledge from Text",
    author = "Hovy, Dirk  and
      Zhang, Chunliang  and
      Hovy, Eduard  and
      Pe{\~n}as, Anselmo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1147",
    pages = "1466--1475",
}
@inproceedings{van-de-cruys-apidianaki-2011-latent,
    title = "Latent Semantic Word Sense Induction and Disambiguation",
    author = "Van de Cruys, Tim  and
      Apidianaki, Marianna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1148",
    pages = "1476--1485",
}
@inproceedings{goldwasser-etal-2011-confidence,
    title = "Confidence Driven Unsupervised Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Goldwasser, Dan  and
      Reichart, Roi  and
      Clarke, James  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1149",
    pages = "1486--1495",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2011-aspect,
    title = "Aspect Ranking: Identifying Important Product Aspects from Online Consumer Reviews",
    author = "Yu, Jianxing  and
      Zha, Zheng-Jun  and
      Wang, Meng  and
      Chua, Tat-Seng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1150",
    pages = "1496--1505",
}
@inproceedings{burfoot-etal-2011-collective,
    title = "Collective Classification of Congressional Floor-Debate Transcripts",
    author = "Burfoot, Clinton  and
      Bird, Steven  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1151",
    pages = "1506--1515",
}
@inproceedings{schutze-2011-integrating,
    title = "Integrating history-length interpolation and classes in language modeling",
    author = {Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1152",
    pages = "1516--1525",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2011-structural,
    title = "Structural Topic Model for Latent Topical Structure Analysis",
    author = "Wang, Hongning  and
      Zhang, Duo  and
      Zhai, ChengXiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1153",
    pages = "1526--1535",
}
@inproceedings{lau-etal-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Labelling of Topic Models",
    author = "Lau, Jey Han  and
      Grieser, Karl  and
      Newman, David  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1154",
    pages = "1536--1545",
}
@inproceedings{wan-2011-using,
    title = "Using Bilingual Information for Cross-Language Document Summarization",
    author = "Wan, Xiaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1155",
    pages = "1546--1555",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2011-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Web-Derived Selectional Preference to Improve Statistical Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Zhou, Guangyou  and
      Zhao, Jun  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Cai, Li",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1156",
    pages = "1556--1565",
}
@inproceedings{plank-van-noord-2011-effective,
    title = "Effective Measures of Domain Similarity for Parsing",
    author = "Plank, Barbara  and
      van Noord, Gertjan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1157",
    pages = "1566--1576",
}
@inproceedings{auli-lopez-2011-efficient,
    title = "Efficient {CCG} Parsing: {A}* versus Adaptive Supertagging",
    author = "Auli, Michael  and
      Lopez, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1158",
    pages = "1577--1585",
}
@inproceedings{marton-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving {A}rabic Dependency Parsing with Form-based and Functional Morphological Features",
    author = "Marton, Yuval  and
      Habash, Nizar  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1159",
    pages = "1586--1596",
}
@inproceedings{mannem-dara-2011-partial,
    title = "Partial Parsing from Bitext Projections",
    author = "Mannem, Prashanth  and
      Dara, Aswarth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1160",
    pages = "1597--1606",
}
@inproceedings{pasca-2011-ranking,
    title = "Ranking Class Labels Using Query Sessions",
    author = "Pa{\c{s}}ca, Marius",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1161",
    pages = "1607--1615",
}
@inproceedings{kozareva-hovy-2011-insights,
    title = "Insights from Network Structure for Text Mining",
    author = "Kozareva, Zornitsa  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1162",
    pages = "1616--1625",
}
@inproceedings{mcclosky-etal-2011-event,
    title = "Event Extraction as Dependency Parsing",
    author = "McClosky, David  and
      Surdeanu, Mihai  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1163",
    pages = "1626--1635",
}
@inproceedings{yang-ko-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Comparative Entities and Predicates from Texts Using Comparative Type Classification",
    author = "Yang, Seon  and
      Ko, Youngjoong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1164",
    pages = "1636--1644",
}
@proceedings{acl-2011-association-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    author = "Lin, Dekang  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2000",
}
@inproceedings{roark-etal-2011-lexicographic,
    title = "Lexicographic Semirings for Exact Automata Encoding of Sequence Models",
    author = "Roark, Brian  and
      Sproat, Richard  and
      Shafran, Izhak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2001",
    pages = "1--5",
}
@inproceedings{dligach-palmer-2011-good,
    title = "Good Seed Makes a Good Crop: Accelerating Active Learning Using Language Modeling",
    author = "Dligach, Dmitriy  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2002",
    pages = "6--10",
}
@inproceedings{garg-henderson-2011-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Restricted Boltzmann Machines for Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Garg, Nikhil  and
      Henderson, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2003",
    pages = "11--17",
}
@inproceedings{van-durme-lall-2011-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Online Locality Sensitive Hashing via Reservoir Counting",
    author = "Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Lall, Ashwin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2004",
    pages = "18--23",
}
@inproceedings{durrett-klein-2011-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Investigation of Discounting in Cross-Domain Language Models",
    author = "Durrett, Greg  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2005",
    pages = "24--29",
}
@inproceedings{kiso-etal-2011-hits,
    title = "{HITS}-based Seed Selection and Stop List Construction for Bootstrapping",
    author = "Kiso, Tetsuo  and
      Shimbo, Masashi  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2006",
    pages = "30--36",
}
@inproceedings{zaidan-callison-burch-2011-arabic,
    title = "The {A}rabic Online Commentary Dataset: an Annotated Dataset of Informal {A}rabic with High Dialectal Content",
    author = "Zaidan, Omar F.  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2007",
    pages = "37--41",
}
@inproceedings{gimpel-etal-2011-part,
    title = "Part-of-Speech Tagging for Twitter: Annotation, Features, and Experiments",
    author = "Gimpel, Kevin  and
      Schneider, Nathan  and
      O{'}Connor, Brendan  and
      Das, Dipanjan  and
      Mills, Daniel  and
      Eisenstein, Jacob  and
      Heilman, Michael  and
      Yogatama, Dani  and
      Flanigan, Jeffrey  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2008",
    pages = "42--47",
}
@inproceedings{sogaard-2011-semi,
    title = "Semi-supervised condensed nearest neighbor for part-of-speech tagging",
    author = "S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2009",
    pages = "48--52",
}
@inproceedings{hagiwara-sekine-2011-latent,
    title = "Latent Class Transliteration based on Source Language Origin",
    author = "Hagiwara, Masato  and
      Sekine, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2010",
    pages = "53--57",
}
@inproceedings{heinz-etal-2011-tier,
    title = "Tier-based Strictly Local Constraints for Phonology",
    author = "Heinz, Jeffrey  and
      Rawal, Chetan  and
      Tanner, Herbert G.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2011",
    pages = "58--64",
}
@inproceedings{hedegaard-simonsen-2011-lost,
    title = "Lost in Translation: Authorship Attribution using Frame Semantics",
    author = "Hedegaard, Steffen  and
      Simonsen, Jakob Grue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2012",
    pages = "65--70",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2011-insertion,
    title = "Insertion, Deletion, or Substitution? Normalizing Text Messages without Pre-categorization nor Supervision",
    author = "Liu, Fei  and
      Weng, Fuliang  and
      Wang, Bingqing  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2013",
    pages = "71--76",
}
@inproceedings{reddy-knight-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Discovery of Rhyme Schemes",
    author = "Reddy, Sravana  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2014",
    pages = "77--82",
}
@inproceedings{harpalani-etal-2011-language,
    title = "Language of Vandalism: Improving {W}ikipedia Vandalism Detection via Stylometric Analysis",
    author = "Harpalani, Manoj  and
      Hart, Michael  and
      Singh, Sandesh  and
      Johnson, Rob  and
      Choi, Yejin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2015",
    pages = "83--88",
}
@inproceedings{kiddon-brun-2011-thats,
    title = "That{'}s What She Said: Double Entendre Identification",
    author = "Kiddon, Chlo{\'e}  and
      Brun, Yuriy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2016",
    pages = "89--94",
}
@inproceedings{morbini-sagae-2011-joint,
    title = "Joint Identification and Segmentation of Domain-Specific Dialogue Acts for Conversational Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Morbini, Fabrizio  and
      Sagae, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2017",
    pages = "95--100",
}
@inproceedings{johansson-moschitti-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Opinion Expressions and Their Polarities {--} Exploration of Pipelines and Joint Models",
    author = "Johansson, Richard  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2018",
    pages = "101--106",
}
@inproceedings{ovesdotter-alm-2011-subjective,
    title = "Subjective Natural Language Problems: Motivations, Applications, Characterizations, and Implications",
    author = "Ovesdotter Alm, Cecilia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2019",
    pages = "107--112",
}
@inproceedings{levitan-etal-2011-entrainment,
    title = "Entrainment in Speech Preceding Backchannels.",
    author = "Levitan, Rivka  and
      Gravano, Agust{\'\i}n  and
      Hirschberg, Julia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2020",
    pages = "113--117",
}
@inproceedings{margolis-ostendorf-2011-question,
    title = "Question Detection in Spoken Conversations Using Textual Conversations",
    author = "Margolis, Anna  and
      Ostendorf, Mari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2021",
    pages = "118--124",
}
@inproceedings{elsner-charniak-2011-extending,
    title = "Extending the Entity Grid with Entity-Specific Features",
    author = "Elsner, Micha  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2022",
    pages = "125--129",
}
@inproceedings{bittar-etal-2011-french,
    title = "{F}rench {T}ime{B}ank: An {ISO}-{T}ime{ML} Annotated Reference Corpus",
    author = "Bittar, Andr{\'e}  and
      Amsili, Pascal  and
      Denis, Pascal  and
      Danlos, Laurence",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2023",
    pages = "130--134",
}
@inproceedings{pang-kumar-2011-search,
    title = "Search in the Lost Sense of {``}Query{''}: Question Formulation in Web Search Queries and its Temporal Changes",
    author = "Pang, Bo  and
      Kumar, Ravi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2024",
    pages = "135--140",
}
@inproceedings{manshadi-etal-2011-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus of Scope-disambiguated {E}nglish Text",
    author = "Manshadi, Mehdi  and
      Allen, James  and
      Swift, Mary",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2025",
    pages = "141--146",
}
@inproceedings{jagarlamudi-etal-2011-bilingual,
    title = "From Bilingual Dictionaries to Interlingual Document Representations",
    author = "Jagarlamudi, Jagadeesh  and
      Daum{\'e} III, Hal  and
      Udupa, Raghavendra",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2026",
    pages = "147--152",
}
@inproceedings{banchs-li-2011-fm,
    title = "{AM}-{FM}: A Semantic Framework for Translation Quality Assessment",
    author = "Banchs, Rafael E.  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2027",
    pages = "153--158",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Evaluation of {C}hinese Translation Output: Word-Level or Character-Level?",
    author = "Li, Maoxi  and
      Zong, Chengqing  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2028",
    pages = "159--164",
}
@inproceedings{xu-chen-2011-much,
    title = "How Much Can We Gain from Supervised Word Alignment?",
    author = "Xu, Jinxi  and
      Chen, Jinying",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2029",
    pages = "165--169",
}
@inproceedings{lin-bilmes-2011-word,
    title = "Word Alignment via Submodular Maximization over Matroids",
    author = "Lin, Hui  and
      Bilmes, Jeff",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2030",
    pages = "170--175",
}
@inproceedings{clark-etal-2011-better,
    title = "Better Hypothesis Testing for Statistical Machine Translation: Controlling for Optimizer Instability",
    author = "Clark, Jonathan H.  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      Lavie, Alon  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2031",
    pages = "176--181",
}
@inproceedings{mermer-saraclar-2011-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Word Alignment for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Mermer, Co{\c{s}}kun  and
      Sara{\c{c}}lar, Murat",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2032",
    pages = "182--187",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-nivre-2011-transition,
    title = "Transition-based Dependency Parsing with Rich Non-local Features",
    author = "Zhang, Yue  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2033",
    pages = "188--193",
}
@inproceedings{de-kok-etal-2011-reversible,
    title = "Reversible Stochastic Attribute-Value Grammars",
    author = {de Kok, Dani{\"e}l  and
      Plank, Barbara  and
      van Noord, Gertjan},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2034",
    pages = "194--199",
}
@inproceedings{cherry-bergsma-2011-joint,
    title = "Joint Training of Dependency Parsing Filters through Latent Support Vector Machines",
    author = "Cherry, Colin  and
      Bergsma, Shane",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2035",
    pages = "200--205",
}
@inproceedings{shindo-etal-2011-insertion,
    title = "Insertion Operator for {B}ayesian Tree Substitution Grammars",
    author = "Shindo, Hiroyuki  and
      Fujino, Akinori  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2036",
    pages = "206--211",
}
@inproceedings{cai-etal-2011-language,
    title = "Language-Independent Parsing with Empty Elements",
    author = "Cai, Shu  and
      Chiang, David  and
      Goldberg, Yoav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2037",
    pages = "212--216",
}
@inproceedings{post-2011-judging,
    title = "Judging Grammaticality with Tree Substitution Grammar Derivations",
    author = "Post, Matt",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2038",
    pages = "217--222",
}
@inproceedings{morita-etal-2011-query,
    title = "Query Snowball: A Co-occurrence-based Approach to Multi-document Summarization for Question Answering",
    author = "Morita, Hajime  and
      Sakai, Tetsuya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2039",
    pages = "223--229",
}
@inproceedings{belz-kow-2011-discrete,
    title = "Discrete vs. Continuous Rating Scales for Language Evaluation in {NLP}",
    author = "Belz, Anja  and
      Kow, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2040",
    pages = "230--235",
}
@inproceedings{mitchell-etal-2011-semi,
    title = "Semi-Supervised Modeling for Prenominal Modifier Ordering",
    author = "Mitchell, Margaret  and
      Dunlop, Aaron  and
      Roark, Brian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2041",
    pages = "236--241",
}
@inproceedings{piwek-stoyanchev-2011-data,
    title = "Data-oriented Monologue-to-Dialogue Generation",
    author = "Piwek, Paul  and
      Stoyanchev, Svetlana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2042",
    pages = "242--247",
}
@inproceedings{abu-jbara-etal-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards Style Transformation from Written-Style to Audio-Style",
    author = "Abu-Jbara, Amjad  and
      Rosario, Barbara  and
      Lyons, Kent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2043",
    pages = "248--253",
}
@inproceedings{thadani-mckeown-2011-optimal,
    title = "Optimal and Syntactically-Informed Decoding for Monolingual Phrase-Based Alignment",
    author = "Thadani, Kapil  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2044",
    pages = "254--259",
}
@inproceedings{liao-grishman-2011-document,
    title = "Can Document Selection Help Semi-supervised Learning? A Case Study On Event Extraction",
    author = "Liao, Shasha  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2045",
    pages = "260--265",
}
@inproceedings{mcintosh-etal-2011-relation,
    title = "Relation Guided Bootstrapping of Semantic Lexicons",
    author = "McIntosh, Tara  and
      Yencken, Lars  and
      Curran, James R.  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2046",
    pages = "266--270",
}
@inproceedings{kolomiyets-etal-2011-model,
    title = "Model-Portability Experiments for Textual Temporal Analysis",
    author = "Kolomiyets, Oleksandr  and
      Bethard, Steven  and
      Moens, Marie-Francine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2047",
    pages = "271--276",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-moschitti-2011-end,
    title = "End-to-End Relation Extraction Using Distant Supervision from External Semantic Repositories",
    author = "Nguyen, Truc-Vien T.  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2048",
    pages = "277--282",
}
@inproceedings{apostolova-etal-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Extraction of Lexico-Syntactic Patterns for Detection of Negation and Speculation Scopes",
    author = "Apostolova, Emilia  and
      Tomuro, Noriko  and
      Demner-Fushman, Dina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2049",
    pages = "283--287",
}
@inproceedings{gabbard-etal-2011-coreference,
    title = "Coreference for Learning to Extract Relations: Yes Virginia, Coreference Matters",
    author = "Gabbard, Ryan  and
      Freedman, Marjorie  and
      Weischedel, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2050",
    pages = "288--293",
}
@inproceedings{gao-vogel-2011-corpus,
    title = "Corpus Expansion for Statistical Machine Translation with Semantic Role Label Substitution Rules",
    author = "Gao, Qin  and
      Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2051",
    pages = "294--298",
}
@inproceedings{van-der-plas-etal-2011-scaling,
    title = "Scaling up Automatic Cross-Lingual Semantic Role Annotation",
    author = "van der Plas, Lonneke  and
      Merlo, Paola  and
      Henderson, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2052",
    pages = "299--304",
}
@inproceedings{rohrdantz-etal-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards Tracking Semantic Change by Visual Analytics",
    author = "Rohrdantz, Christian  and
      Hautli, Annette  and
      Mayer, Thomas  and
      Butt, Miriam  and
      Keim, Daniel A.  and
      Plank, Frans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2053",
    pages = "305--310",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving Classification of Medical Assertions in Clinical Notes",
    author = "Kim, Youngjun  and
      Riloff, Ellen  and
      Meystre, St{\'e}phane",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2054",
    pages = "311--316",
}
@inproceedings{lefever-etal-2011-parasense,
    title = "{P}ara{S}ense or How to Use Parallel Corpora for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Lefever, Els  and
      Hoste, V{\'e}ronique  and
      De Cock, Martine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2055",
    pages = "317--322",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-etal-2011-models,
    title = "Models and Training for Unsupervised Preposition Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Hovy, Dirk  and
      Vaswani, Ashish  and
      Tratz, Stephen  and
      Chiang, David  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2056",
    pages = "323--328",
}
@inproceedings{lobue-yates-2011-types,
    title = "Types of Common-Sense Knowledge Needed for Recognizing Textual Entailment",
    author = "LoBue, Peter  and
      Yates, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2057",
    pages = "329--334",
}
@inproceedings{ozkan-morency-2011-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Wisdom of Crowds Using Latent Mixture of Discriminative Experts",
    author = "Ozkan, Derya  and
      Morency, Louis-Philippe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2058",
    pages = "335--340",
}
@inproceedings{freedman-etal-2011-language,
    title = "Language Use: What can it tell us?",
    author = "Freedman, Marjorie  and
      Baron, Alex  and
      Punyakanok, Vasin  and
      Weischedel, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2059",
    pages = "341--345",
}
@inproceedings{volokh-neumann-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection and Correction of Errors in Dependency Treebanks",
    author = {Volokh, Alexander  and
      Neumann, G{\"u}nter},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2060",
    pages = "346--350",
}
@inproceedings{uzzaman-allen-2011-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Evaluation",
    author = "UzZaman, Naushad  and
      Allen, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2061",
    pages = "351--356",
}
@inproceedings{alkuhlani-habash-2011-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus for Modeling Morpho-Syntactic Agreement in {A}rabic: Gender, Number and Rationality",
    author = "Alkuhlani, Sarah  and
      Habash, Nizar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2062",
    pages = "357--362",
}
@inproceedings{mcfate-forbus-2011-nulex,
    title = "{NULEX}: An Open-License Broad Coverage Lexicon",
    author = "McFate, Clifton  and
      Forbus, Kenneth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2063",
    pages = "363--367",
}
@inproceedings{mohammad-2011-even,
    title = "Even the Abstract have Color: Consensus in Word-Colour Associations",
    author = "Mohammad, Saif",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2064",
    pages = "368--373",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2011-detection,
    title = "Detection of Agreement and Disagreement in Broadcast Conversations",
    author = "Wang, Wen  and
      Yaman, Sibel  and
      Precoda, Kristin  and
      Richey, Colleen  and
      Raymond, Geoffrey",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2065",
    pages = "374--378",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2011-dealing,
    title = "Dealing with Spurious Ambiguity in Learning {ITG}-based Word Alignment",
    author = "Huang, Shujian  and
      Vogel, Stephan  and
      Chen, Jiajun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2066",
    pages = "379--383",
}
@inproceedings{howlett-dras-2011-clause,
    title = "Clause Restructuring For {SMT} Not Absolutely Helpful",
    author = "Howlett, Susan  and
      Dras, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2067",
    pages = "384--388",
}
@inproceedings{alabau-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving On-line Handwritten Recognition using Translation Models in Multimodal Interactive Machine Translation",
    author = "Alabau, Vicent  and
      Sanchis, Alberto  and
      Casacuberta, Francisco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2068",
    pages = "389--394",
}
@inproceedings{bouamor-etal-2011-monolingual,
    title = "Monolingual Alignment by Edit Rate Computation on Sentential Paraphrase Pairs",
    author = "Bouamor, Houda  and
      Max, Aur{\'e}lien  and
      Vilnat, Anne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2069",
    pages = "395--400",
}
@inproceedings{fang-etal-2011-terminal,
    title = "Terminal-Aware Synchronous Binarization",
    author = "Fang, Licheng  and
      Chung, Tagyoung  and
      Gildea, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2070",
    pages = "401--406",
}
@inproceedings{daume-iii-jagarlamudi-2011-domain,
    title = "Domain Adaptation for Machine Translation by Mining Unseen Words",
    author = "Daum{\'e} III, Hal  and
      Jagarlamudi, Jagadeesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2071",
    pages = "407--412",
}
@inproceedings{chung-etal-2011-issues,
    title = "Issues Concerning Decoding with Synchronous Context-free Grammar",
    author = "Chung, Tagyoung  and
      Fang, Licheng  and
      Gildea, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2072",
    pages = "413--417",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-xiao-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving Decoding Generalization for Tree-to-String Translation",
    author = "Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Xiao, Tong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2073",
    pages = "418--423",
}
@inproceedings{xiang-ittycheriah-2011-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Feature-Tied Mixture Modeling for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Xiang, Bing  and
      Ittycheriah, Abraham",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2074",
    pages = "424--428",
}
@inproceedings{duh-etal-2011-machine,
    title = "Is Machine Translation Ripe for Cross-Lingual Sentiment Classification?",
    author = "Duh, Kevin  and
      Fujino, Akinori  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2075",
    pages = "429--433",
}
@inproceedings{onishi-etal-2011-reordering,
    title = "Reordering Constraint Based on Document-Level Context",
    author = "Onishi, Takashi  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2076",
    pages = "434--438",
}
@inproceedings{ha-thuc-cancedda-2011-confidence,
    title = "Confidence-Weighted Learning of Factored Discriminative Language Models",
    author = "Ha-Thuc, Viet  and
      Cancedda, Nicola",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2077",
    pages = "439--444",
}
@inproceedings{ananthakrishnan-etal-2011-line,
    title = "On-line Language Model Biasing for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Ananthakrishnan, Sankaranarayanan  and
      Prasad, Rohit  and
      Natarajan, Prem",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2078",
    pages = "445--449",
}
@inproceedings{ling-etal-2011-reordering,
    title = "Reordering Modeling using Weighted Alignment Matrices",
    author = "Ling, Wang  and
      Lu{\'\i}s, Tiago  and
      Gra{\c{c}}a, Jo{\~a}o  and
      Trancoso, Isabel  and
      Coheur, Lu{\'\i}sa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2079",
    pages = "450--454",
}
@inproceedings{chiang-etal-2011-two,
    title = "Two Easy Improvements to Lexical Weighting",
    author = "Chiang, David  and
      DeNeefe, Steve  and
      Pust, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2080",
    pages = "455--460",
}
@inproceedings{toutanova-galley-2011-initialization,
    title = "Why Initialization Matters for {IBM} Model 1: Multiple Optima and Non-Strict Convexity",
    author = "Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Galley, Michel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2081",
    pages = "461--466",
}
@inproceedings{faruqui-pado-2011-thou,
    title = "{``}{I} Thou Thee, Thou Traitor{''}: Predicting Formal vs. Informal Address in {E}nglish Literature",
    author = "Faruqui, Manaal  and
      Pad{\'o}, Sebastian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2082",
    pages = "467--472",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-clustering,
    title = "Clustering Comparable Corpora For Bilingual Lexicon Extraction",
    author = "Li, Bo  and
      Gaussier, Eric  and
      Aizawa, Akiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2083",
    pages = "473--478",
}
@inproceedings{vulic-etal-2011-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Word Translations from Comparable Corpora Using Latent Topic Models",
    author = "Vuli{\'c}, Ivan  and
      De Smet, Wim  and
      Moens, Marie-Francine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2084",
    pages = "479--484",
}
@inproceedings{zheng-etal-2011-press,
    title = "Why Press Backspace? Understanding User Input Behaviors in {C}hinese Pinyin Input Method",
    author = "Zheng, Yabin  and
      Xie, Lixing  and
      Liu, Zhiyuan  and
      Sun, Maosong  and
      Zhang, Yang  and
      Ru, Liyun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2085",
    pages = "485--490",
}
@inproceedings{brody-kantor-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Assessment of Coverage Quality in Intelligence Reports",
    author = "Brody, Samuel  and
      Kantor, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2086",
    pages = "491--495",
}
@inproceedings{biran-etal-2011-putting,
    title = "Putting it Simply: a Context-Aware Approach to Lexical Simplification",
    author = "Biran, Or  and
      Brody, Samuel  and
      Elhadad, No{\'e}mie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2087",
    pages = "496--501",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-litman-2011-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Predicting Peer-Review Helpfulness",
    author = "Xiong, Wenting  and
      Litman, Diane",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2088",
    pages = "502--507",
}
@inproceedings{madnani-etal-2011-help,
    title = "They Can Help: Using Crowdsourcing to Improve the Evaluation of Grammatical Error Detection Systems",
    author = "Madnani, Nitin  and
      Chodorow, Martin  and
      Tetreault, Joel  and
      Rozovskaya, Alla",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2089",
    pages = "508--513",
}
@inproceedings{rao-yarowsky-2011-typed,
    title = "Typed Graph Models for Learning Latent Attributes from Names",
    author = "Rao, Delip  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2090",
    pages = "514--518",
}
@inproceedings{qu-liu-2011-interactive,
    title = "Interactive Group Suggesting for Twitter",
    author = "Qu, Zhonghua  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2091",
    pages = "519--523",
}
@inproceedings{mueller-schuetze-2011-improved,
    title = "Improved Modeling of Out-Of-Vocabulary Words Using Morphological Classes",
    author = "Mueller, Thomas  and
      Schuetze, Hinrich",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2092",
    pages = "524--528",
}
@inproceedings{neubig-etal-2011-pointwise,
    title = "Pointwise Prediction for Robust, Adaptable {J}apanese Morphological Analysis",
    author = "Neubig, Graham  and
      Nakata, Yosuke  and
      Mori, Shinsuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2093",
    pages = "529--533",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2011-nonparametric,
    title = "Nonparametric {B}ayesian Machine Transliteration with Synchronous Adaptor Grammars",
    author = "Huang, Yun  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2094",
    pages = "534--539",
}
@inproceedings{hewlett-cohen-2011-fully,
    title = "Fully Unsupervised Word Segmentation with {BVE} and {MDL}",
    author = "Hewlett, Daniel  and
      Cohen, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2095",
    pages = "540--545",
}
@inproceedings{metzler-etal-2011-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Evaluation of Data-Driven Paraphrase Generation Techniques",
    author = "Metzler, Donald  and
      Hovy, Eduard  and
      Zhang, Chunliang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2096",
    pages = "546--551",
}
@inproceedings{fukumoto-suzuki-2011-identification,
    title = "Identification of Domain-Specific Senses in a Machine-Readable Dictionary",
    author = "Fukumoto, Fumiyo  and
      Suzuki, Yoshimi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2097",
    pages = "552--557",
}
@inproceedings{shnarch-etal-2011-probabilistic,
    title = "A Probabilistic Modeling Framework for Lexical Entailment",
    author = "Shnarch, Eyal  and
      Goldberger, Jacob  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2098",
    pages = "558--563",
}
@inproceedings{carvalho-etal-2011-liars,
    title = "Liars and Saviors in a Sentiment Annotated Corpus of Comments to Political Debates",
    author = "Carvalho, Paula  and
      Sarmento, Lu{\'\i}s  and
      Teixeira, Jorge  and
      Silva, M{\'a}rio J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2099",
    pages = "564--568",
}
@inproceedings{tackstrom-mcdonald-2011-semi,
    title = "Semi-supervised latent variable models for sentence-level sentiment analysis",
    author = {T{\"a}ckstr{\"o}m, Oscar  and
      McDonald, Ryan},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2100",
    pages = "569--574",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-liu-2011-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Noun Product Features that Imply Opinions",
    author = "Zhang, Lei  and
      Liu, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2101",
    pages = "575--580",
}
@inproceedings{gonzalez-ibanez-etal-2011-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Sarcasm in Twitter: A Closer Look",
    author = "Gonz{\'a}lez-Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, Roberto  and
      Muresan, Smaranda  and
      Wacholder, Nina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2102",
    pages = "581--586",
}
@inproceedings{abdul-mageed-etal-2011-subjectivity,
    title = "Subjectivity and Sentiment Analysis of Modern Standard {A}rabic",
    author = "Abdul-Mageed, Muhammad  and
      Diab, Mona  and
      Korayem, Mohammed",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2103",
    pages = "587--591",
}
@inproceedings{hassan-etal-2011-identifying,
    title = "Identifying the Semantic Orientation of Foreign Words",
    author = "Hassan, Ahmed  and
      Abu-Jbara, Amjad  and
      Jha, Rahul  and
      Radev, Dragomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2104",
    pages = "592--597",
}
@inproceedings{qiu-etal-2011-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Text Classification with Latent Concepts",
    author = "Qiu, Xipeng  and
      Huang, Xuanjing  and
      Liu, Zhao  and
      Zhou, Jinlong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2105",
    pages = "598--602",
}
@inproceedings{liang-etal-2011-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Information and Derivation Rules for Robust Dialogue Act Detection in a Spoken Dialogue System",
    author = "Liang, Wei-Bin  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Chen, Chia-Ping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2106",
    pages = "603--608",
}
@inproceedings{mishra-bangalore-2011-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Relative Prominence in Noun-Noun Compounds",
    author = "Mishra, Taniya  and
      Bangalore, Srinivas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2107",
    pages = "609--613",
}
@inproceedings{wang-levow-2011-contrasting,
    title = "Contrasting Multi-Lingual Prosodic Cues to Predict Verbal Feedback for Rapport",
    author = "Wang, Siwei  and
      Levow, Gina-Anne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2108",
    pages = "614--619",
}
@inproceedings{filimonov-harper-2011-generalized,
    title = "Generalized Interpolation in Decision Tree {LM}",
    author = "Filimonov, Denis  and
      Harper, Mary",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2109",
    pages = "620--624",
}
@inproceedings{lang-2011-scalable,
    title = "A Scalable Probabilistic Classifier for Language Modeling",
    author = "Lang, Joel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2110",
    pages = "625--630",
}
@inproceedings{xue-yang-2011-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese sentence segmentation as comma classification",
    author = "Xue, Nianwen  and
      Yang, Yaqin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2111",
    pages = "631--635",
}
@inproceedings{suzuki-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "Learning Condensed Feature Representations from Large Unsupervised Data Sets for Supervised Learning",
    author = "Suzuki, Jun  and
      Isozaki, Hideki  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2112",
    pages = "636--641",
}
@inproceedings{darling-song-2011-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Document Modeling for Syntax Removal in Text Summarization",
    author = "Darling, William M.  and
      Song, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2113",
    pages = "642--647",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2011-comparative,
    title = "Comparative News Summarization Using Linear Programming",
    author = "Huang, Xiaojiang  and
      Wan, Xiaojun  and
      Xiao, Jianguo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2114",
    pages = "648--653",
}
@inproceedings{dethlefs-cuayahuitl-2011-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning and Hidden {M}arkov Models for Task-Oriented Natural Language Generation",
    author = "Dethlefs, Nina  and
      Cuay{\'a}huitl, Heriberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2115",
    pages = "654--659",
}
@inproceedings{theune-etal-2011-size,
    title = "Does Size Matter {--} How Much Data is Required to Train a {REG} Algorithm?",
    author = {Theune, Mari{\"e}t  and
      Koolen, Ruud  and
      Krahmer, Emiel  and
      Wubben, Sander},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2116",
    pages = "660--664",
}
@inproceedings{coster-kauchak-2011-simple,
    title = "Simple {E}nglish {W}ikipedia: A New Text Simplification Task",
    author = "Coster, William  and
      Kauchak, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2117",
    pages = "665--669",
}
@inproceedings{petinot-etal-2011-hierarchical,
    title = "A Hierarchical Model of Web Summaries",
    author = "Petinot, Yves  and
      McKeown, Kathleen  and
      Thadani, Kapil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2118",
    pages = "670--675",
}
@inproceedings{bodenstab-etal-2011-unary,
    title = "Unary Constraints for Efficient Context-Free Parsing",
    author = "Bodenstab, Nathan  and
      Hollingshead, Kristy  and
      Roark, Brian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2119",
    pages = "676--681",
}
@inproceedings{sogaard-2011-data,
    title = "Data point selection for cross-language adaptation of dependency parsers",
    author = "S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2120",
    pages = "682--686",
}
@inproceedings{choi-palmer-2011-getting,
    title = "Getting the Most out of Transition-based Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Choi, Jinho D.  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2121",
    pages = "687--692",
}
@inproceedings{kulick-etal-2011-using,
    title = "Using Derivation Trees for Treebank Error Detection",
    author = "Kulick, Seth  and
      Bies, Ann  and
      Mott, Justin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2122",
    pages = "693--698",
}
@inproceedings{agirre-etal-2011-improving,
    title = "Improving Dependency Parsing with Semantic Classes",
    author = "Agirre, Eneko  and
      Bengoetxea, Kepa  and
      Gojenola, Koldo  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2123",
    pages = "699--703",
}
@inproceedings{goldberg-elhadad-2011-joint,
    title = "Joint {H}ebrew Segmentation and Parsing using a {PCFGLA} Lattice Parser",
    author = "Goldberg, Yoav  and
      Elhadad, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2124",
    pages = "704--709",
}
@inproceedings{haffari-etal-2011-ensemble,
    title = "An Ensemble Model that Combines Syntactic and Semantic Clustering for Discriminative Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Haffari, Gholamreza  and
      Razavi, Marzieh  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2125",
    pages = "710--714",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2011-better,
    title = "Better Automatic Treebank Conversion Using A Feature-Based Approach",
    author = "Zhu, Muhua  and
      Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Hu, Minghan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2126",
    pages = "715--719",
}
@inproceedings{bansal-klein-2011-surprising,
    title = "The Surprising Variance in Shortest-Derivation Parsing",
    author = "Bansal, Mohit  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2127",
    pages = "720--725",
}
@inproceedings{sadamitsu-etal-2011-entity,
    title = "Entity Set Expansion using Topic information",
    author = "Sadamitsu, Kugatsu  and
      Saito, Kuniko  and
      Imamura, Kenji  and
      Kikui, Genichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2128",
    pages = "726--731",
}
@proceedings{acl-2011-acl,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    author = "Petrovic, Sasa  and
      Selfridge, Ethan  and
      Pitler, Emily  and
      Osborne, Miles  and
      Solorio, Thamar",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3000",
}
@inproceedings{xi-etal-2011-word,
    title = "Word Alignment Combination over Multiple Word Segmentation",
    author = "Xi, Ning  and
      Tang, Guangchao  and
      Li, Boyuan  and
      Zhao, Yinggong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3001",
    pages = "1--5",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-2011-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Ordering Driven by Local and Global Coherence for Summary Generation",
    author = "Zhang, Renxian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3002",
    pages = "6--11",
}
@inproceedings{stymne-2011-pre,
    title = "Pre- and Postprocessing for Statistical Machine Translation into Germanic Languages",
    author = "Stymne, Sara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3003",
    pages = "12--17",
}
@inproceedings{ploch-2011-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Entity Relations for Named Entity Disambiguation",
    author = "Ploch, Danuta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3004",
    pages = "18--23",
}
@inproceedings{hautli-sulger-2011-extracting,
    title = "Extracting and Classifying {U}rdu Multiword Expressions",
    author = "Hautli, Annette  and
      Sulger, Sebastian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3005",
    pages = "24--29",
}
@inproceedings{kitajima-kobayashi-2011-latent,
    title = "A Latent Topic Extracting Method based on Events in a Document and its Application",
    author = "Kitajima, Risa  and
      Kobayashi, Ichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3006",
    pages = "30--35",
}
@inproceedings{beck-2011-syntax,
    title = "Syntax-based Statistical Machine Translation using Tree Automata and Tree Transducers",
    author = "Beck, Daniel Emilio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3007",
    pages = "36--40",
}
@inproceedings{schneider-garnett-2011-consentcanvas,
    title = "{C}onsent{C}anvas: Automatic Texturing for Improved Readability in End-User License Agreements",
    author = "Schneider, Oliver  and
      Garnett, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3008",
    pages = "41--45",
}
@inproceedings{meyer-2011-disambiguating,
    title = "Disambiguating temporal-contrastive connectives for machine translation",
    author = "Meyer, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3009",
    pages = "46--51",
}
@inproceedings{das-2011-psychosentiwordnet,
    title = "{P}sycho{S}enti{W}ord{N}et",
    author = "Das, Amitava",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3010",
    pages = "52--57",
}
@inproceedings{ytrestol-2011-optimistic,
    title = "Optimistic Backtracking - A Backtracking Overlay for Deterministic Incremental Parsing",
    author = "Ytrest{\o}l, Gisle",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3011",
    pages = "58--63",
}
@inproceedings{brown-2011-error,
    title = "An Error Analysis of Relation Extraction in Social Media Documents",
    author = "Brown, Gregory",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3012",
    pages = "64--68",
}
@inproceedings{green-2011-effects,
    title = "Effects of Noun Phrase Bracketing in Dependency Parsing and Machine Translation",
    author = "Green, Nathan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3013",
    pages = "69--74",
}
@inproceedings{greenbacker-2011-towards,
    title = "Towards a Framework for Abstractive Summarization of Multimodal Documents",
    author = "Greenbacker, Charles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3014",
    pages = "75--80",
}
@inproceedings{athar-2011-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Analysis of Citations using Sentence Structure-Based Features",
    author = "Athar, Awais",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3015",
    pages = "81--87",
}
@inproceedings{boruta-2011-combining,
    title = "Combining Indicators of Allophony",
    author = "Boruta, Luc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3016",
    pages = "88--93",
}
@inproceedings{friedberg-2011-turn,
    title = "Turn-Taking Cues in a Human Tutoring Corpus",
    author = "Friedberg, Heather",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3017",
    pages = "94--98",
}
@inproceedings{michelony-2011-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Clicks in a Vocabulary Learning System",
    author = "Michelony, Aaron",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3018",
    pages = "99--104",
}
@inproceedings{yeniterzi-2011-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Morphology in {T}urkish Named Entity Recognition System",
    author = "Yeniterzi, Reyyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3019",
    pages = "105--110",
}
@inproceedings{agarwal-2011-social,
    title = "Social Network Extraction from Texts: A Thesis Proposal",
    author = "Agarwal, Apoorv",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3020",
    pages = "111--116",
}
@inproceedings{alotaiby-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Headline Generation using Character Cross-Correlation",
    author = "Alotaiby, Fahad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3021",
    pages = "117--121",
}
@inproceedings{senuma-2011-k,
    title = "K-means Clustering with Feature Hashing",
    author = "Senuma, Hajime",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2011 Student Session",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, OR, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-3022",
    pages = "122--126",
}
@proceedings{acl-2011-acl-hlt,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    author = "Kurohashi, Sadao",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4000",
}
@inproceedings{goyal-singh-lehal-2011-hindi,
    title = "{H}indi to {P}unjabi Machine Translation System",
    author = "Goyal, Vishal  and
      Singh Lehal, Gurpreet",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{schafer-etal-2011-acl,
    title = "The {ACL} Anthology Searchbench",
    author = {Sch{\"a}fer, Ulrich  and
      Kiefer, Bernd  and
      Spurk, Christian  and
      Steffen, J{\"o}rg  and
      Wang, Rui},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4002",
    pages = "7--13",
}
@inproceedings{veale-hao-2011-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Readymades in Linguistic Creativity: A System Demonstration of the Jigsaw Bard",
    author = "Veale, Tony  and
      Hao, Yanfen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4003",
    pages = "14--19",
}
@inproceedings{neumann-schmeier-2011-mobile,
    title = "A Mobile Touchable Application for Online Topic Graph Extraction and Exploration of Web Content",
    author = {Neumann, G{\"u}nter  and
      Schmeier, Sven},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4004",
    pages = "20--25",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2011-edit,
    title = "{E}d{I}t: A Broad-Coverage Grammar Checker Using Pattern Grammar",
    author = "Huang, Chung-Chi  and
      Chen, Mei-Hua  and
      Huang, Shih-Ting  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4005",
    pages = "26--31",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-memetube,
    title = "{M}eme{T}ube: A Sentiment-based Audiovisual System for Analyzing and Displaying Microblog Messages",
    author = "Li, Cheng-Te  and
      Wang, Chien-Yuan  and
      Tseng, Chien-Lin  and
      Lin, Shou-De",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4006",
    pages = "32--37",
}
@inproceedings{hild-etal-2011-erp,
    title = "An {ERP}-based Brain-Computer Interface for text entry using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation and Language Modeling",
    author = "Hild, Kenneth  and
      Orhan, Umut  and
      Erdogmus, Deniz  and
      Roark, Brian  and
      Oken, Barry  and
      Purwar, Shalini  and
      Nezamfar, Hooman  and
      Fried-Oken, Melanie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4007",
    pages = "38--43",
}
@inproceedings{scott-etal-2011-engkoo,
    title = "{E}ngkoo: Mining the Web for Language Learning",
    author = "Scott, Matthew R.  and
      Liu, Xiaohua  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Engkoo Team, Microsoft",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4008",
    pages = "44--49",
}
@inproceedings{das-bandyopadhyay-2011-dr,
    title = "Dr Sentiment Knows Everything!",
    author = "Das, Amitava  and
      Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4009",
    pages = "50--55",
}
@inproceedings{stymne-2011-blast,
    title = "{B}last: A Tool for Error Analysis of Machine Translation Output",
    author = "Stymne, Sara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4010",
    pages = "56--61",
}
@inproceedings{benotti-denis-2011-prototyping,
    title = "Prototyping virtual instructors from human-human corpora",
    author = "Benotti, Luciana  and
      Denis, Alexandre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4011",
    pages = "62--67",
}
@inproceedings{ortiz-martinez-etal-2011-interactive,
    title = "An Interactive Machine Translation System with Online Learning",
    author = "Ortiz-Mart{\'\i}nez, Daniel  and
      Leiva, Luis A.  and
      Alabau, Vicent  and
      Garc{\'\i}a-Varea, Ismael  and
      Casacuberta, Francisco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4012",
    pages = "68--73",
}
@inproceedings{bar-etal-2011-wikulu,
    title = "{W}ikulu: An Extensible Architecture for Integrating Natural Language Processing Techniques with Wikis",
    author = {B{\"a}r, Daniel  and
      Erbs, Nicolai  and
      Zesch, Torsten  and
      Gurevych, Iryna},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4013",
    pages = "74--79",
}
@inproceedings{popescu-belis-etal-2011-speech,
    title = "A Speech-based Just-in-Time Retrieval System using Semantic Search",
    author = "Popescu-Belis, Andrei  and
      Yazdani, Majid  and
      Nanchen, Alexandre  and
      Garner, Philip N.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4014",
    pages = "80--85",
}
@inproceedings{nasr-etal-2011-macaon,
    title = "{MACAON} An {NLP} Tool Suite for Processing Word Lattices",
    author = "Nasr, Alexis  and
      B{\'e}chet, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric  and
      Rey, Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Favre, Beno{\^\i}t  and
      Le Roux, Joseph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4015",
    pages = "86--91",
}
@inproceedings{larsson-etal-2011-multimodal,
    title = "Multimodal Menu-based Dialogue with Speech Cursor in {DICO} {II}+",
    author = "Larsson, Staffan  and
      Berman, Alexander  and
      Villing, Jessica",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4016",
    pages = "92--96",
}
@inproceedings{ferschke-etal-2011-wikipedia,
    title = "{W}ikipedia Revision Toolkit: Efficiently Accessing {W}ikipedia{'}s Edit History",
    author = "Ferschke, Oliver  and
      Zesch, Torsten  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4017",
    pages = "97--102",
}
@inproceedings{ceylan-mihalcea-2011-efficient,
    title = "An Efficient Indexer for Large N-Gram Corpora",
    author = "Ceylan, Hakan  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4018",
    pages = "103--108",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-systemt,
    title = "{S}ystem{T}: A Declarative Information Extraction System",
    author = "Li, Yunyao  and
      Reiss, Frederick  and
      Chiticariu, Laura",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4019",
    pages = "109--114",
}
@inproceedings{agarwal-etal-2011-scisumm,
    title = "{S}ci{S}umm: A Multi-Document Summarization System for Scientific Articles",
    author = "Agarwal, Nitin  and
      Reddy, Ravi Shankar  and
      Gvr, Kiran  and
      Ros{\'e}, Carolyn Penstein",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4020",
    pages = "115--120",
}
@inproceedings{abu-jbara-radev-2011-clairlib,
    title = "{C}lairlib: A Toolkit for Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, and Network Analysis",
    author = "Abu-Jbara, Amjad  and
      Radev, Dragomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4021",
    pages = "121--126",
}
@inproceedings{joshi-etal-2011-c,
    title = "C-Feel-It: A Sentiment Analyzer for Micro-blogs",
    author = "Joshi, Aditya  and
      AR, Balamurali  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Mohanty, Rajat",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4022",
    pages = "127--132",
}
@inproceedings{weng-etal-2011-imass,
    title = "{IMASS}: An Intelligent Microblog Analysis and Summarization System",
    author = "Weng, Jui-Yu  and
      Yang, Cheng-Lun  and
      Chen, Bo-Nian  and
      Wang, Yen-Kai  and
      Lin, Shou-De",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4023",
    pages = "133--138",
}
@inproceedings{soundrarajan-etal-2011-interface,
    title = "An Interface for Rapid Natural Language Processing Development in {UIMA}",
    author = "Soundrarajan, Balaji  and
      Ginter, Thomas  and
      DuVall, Scott",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{HLT} 2011 System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-4024",
    pages = "139--144",
}
@proceedings{acl-2011-association-linguistics-tutorial,
    title = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    author = "Way, Andy  and
      Pantel, Patrick",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-5000",
}
@inproceedings{daume-iii-2011-beyond,
    title = "Beyond Structured Prediction: Inverse Reinforcement Learning",
    author = "Daum{\'e} III, Hal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-5001",
    pages = "1",
}
@inproceedings{heinz-etal-2011-formal,
    title = "Formal and Empirical Grammatical Inference",
    author = "Heinz, Jeffrey  and
      de la Higuera, Colin  and
      van Zannen, Menno",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-5002",
    pages = "2",
}
@inproceedings{nenkova-etal-2011-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Summarization",
    author = "Nenkova, Ani  and
      Maskey, Sameer  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-5003",
    pages = "3",
}
@inproceedings{pasca-2011-web,
    title = "Web Search Queries as a Corpus",
    author = "Pa{\c{s}}ca, Marius",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-5004",
    pages = "4",
}
@inproceedings{druck-etal-2011-rich,
    title = "Rich Prior Knowledge in Learning for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Druck, Gregory  and
      Ganchev, Kuzman  and
      Gra{\c{c}}a, Jo{\~a}o",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-5005",
    pages = "5",
}
@inproceedings{collins-rush-2011-dual,
    title = "Dual Decomposition for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Collins, Michael  and
      Rush, Alexander M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jun,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Portland, Oregon",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-5006",
    pages = "6",
}
@proceedings{ws-1977-nordic,
    title = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    author = "All{\'e}n, Sture  and
      Gavare, Rolf  and
      Gellerstam, Martin",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0100",
}
@inproceedings{alhaug-1977-noen,
    title = "Noen problemer ved opbygging av et datamaskinelt morfem-lexikon (Some problems in the construction of a computerized morpheme lexicon) [In {N}orwegian]",
    author = "Alhaug, Gulbrand",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0101",
    pages = "5--12",
}
@inproceedings{basboll-kristensen-1977-computergenerering,
    title = "Computergenerering af lydskrevet dansk ud fra en quasiortografisk notation ved hj{\ae}lp af generative fonologiske regler (Computer generation of {D}anish phonetic script from a quasi orthographic notation using generative phonological rules) [In {D}anish]",
    author = "Basb{\o}ll, Hans  and
      Kristensen, Kjeld",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0102",
    pages = "13--19",
}
@inproceedings{brodda-1977-beta,
    title = "BETA-systemet: En sammanfattning (The BETA system: A summary) [In {S}wedish]",
    author = "Brodda, Benny",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0103",
    pages = "20--26",
}
@inproceedings{eeg-olofsson-1977-algoritmisk,
    title = "Algoritmisk textanalys {--} en presentation (Algorithmic text analysis {--} A presentation) [In {S}wedish]",
    author = "Eeg-Olofsson, Mats",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0104",
    pages = "27--30",
}
@inproceedings{fonnes-1977-edb,
    title = "{EDB} i ordboksproduksjon: Tillrettelegging av Norsk Landbruksordbok for trykking ({EDB} in dictionary production: Adaptation of the {N}orwegian Agricultural Dictionary for printing) [In {N}orwegian]",
    author = "Fonnes, Ivar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0105",
    pages = "31--38",
}
@inproceedings{grinstead-1977-experiments,
    title = "Experiments with odd languages",
    author = "Grinstead, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0106",
    pages = "39--39",
}
@inproceedings{heggstad-solevag-1977-nyord,
    title = "Nyord-registrering i database (Registration of new words in databases) [In {N}orwegian]",
    author = "Heggstad, Kolbj{\o}rn  and
      Solev{\aa}g, Harald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0107",
    pages = "40--49",
}
@inproceedings{hofland-1977-implementering,
    title = "Implementering av en metode for syntaktisk analyse av norsk (Implementation of a method for syntactic analysis of {N}orwegian) [In {N}orwegian]",
    author = "Hofland, Knut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0108",
    pages = "50--64",
}
@inproceedings{maegaard-ruus-1977-danword,
    title = "{DAN}w{ORD} {--} Hyppighedsunders{\o}gelser i moderne dansk ({DAN}w{ORD} {--} Frequency surveys in modern {D}anish) [In {D}anish]",
    author = "Maegaard, Bente  and
      Ruus, Hanne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0109",
    pages = "65--74",
}
@inproceedings{mundt-1977-function,
    title = "Function words in H{\'a}konar saga [In {N}orwegian]",
    author = "Mundt, Marina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0110",
    pages = "75--78",
}
@inproceedings{ralph-1977-projektet,
    title = "Projektet Lexikalisk databas (The Lexical Database project) [In {S}wedish]",
    author = "Ralph, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0111",
    pages = "79--81",
}
@inproceedings{salmela-kohonen-1977-chitab,
    title = "{CHITAB} {--} a {``}poor man{'}s{''} shortcut to computer processing of linguistic data",
    author = "Salmela, Jussi  and
      Kohonen, Viljo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0112",
    pages = "82--86",
}
@inproceedings{sagvall-hein-1977-chartanalys,
    title = "Chartanalys och morfologi (Chart analysis and morphology) [In {S}wedish]",
    author = "S{\aa}gvall Hein, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1977)",
    month = oct,
    year = "1977",
    address = "Gothenburg, Sweden",
    publisher = "Spr{\aa}kdata, University of Gothenburg, Sweden",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W77-0113",
    pages = "87--93",
}
@proceedings{acl-2005-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    author = "Knight, Kevin  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Oflazer, Kemal",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1000",
}
@inproceedings{ando-zhang-2005-high,
    title = "A High-Performance Semi-Supervised Learning Method for Text Chunking",
    author = "Ando, Rie  and
      Zhang, Tong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1001",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219841",
    pages = "1--9",
}
@inproceedings{cohn-etal-2005-scaling,
    title = "Scaling Conditional Random Fields Using Error-Correcting Codes",
    author = "Cohn, Trevor  and
      Smith, Andrew  and
      Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1002",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219842",
    pages = "10--17",
}
@inproceedings{smith-etal-2005-logarithmic,
    title = "Logarithmic Opinion Pools for Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Smith, Andrew  and
      Cohn, Trevor  and
      Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1003",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219843",
    pages = "18--25",
}
@inproceedings{curran-2005-supersense,
    title = "Supersense Tagging of Unknown Nouns Using Semantic Similarity",
    author = "Curran, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1004",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219844",
    pages = "26--33",
}
@inproceedings{kohomban-lee-2005-learning,
    title = "Learning Semantic Classes for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Kohomban, Upali Sathyajith  and
      Lee, Wee Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1005",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219845",
    pages = "34--41",
}
@inproceedings{dang-palmer-2005-role,
    title = "The Role of Semantic Roles in Disambiguating Verb Senses",
    author = "Dang, Hoa Trang  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1006",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219846",
    pages = "42--49",
}
@inproceedings{di-eugenio-etal-2005-aggregation,
    title = "Aggregation Improves Learning: Experiments in Natural Language Generation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems",
    author = "Di Eugenio, Barbara  and
      Fossati, Davide  and
      Yu, Dan  and
      Haller, Susan  and
      Glass, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1007",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219847",
    pages = "50--57",
}
@inproceedings{paiva-evans-2005-empirically,
    title = "Empirically-based Control of Natural Language Generation",
    author = "Paiva, Daniel S.  and
      Evans, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1008",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219848",
    pages = "58--65",
}
@inproceedings{soricut-marcu-2005-towards,
    title = "Towards Developing Generation Algorithms for Text-to-Text Applications",
    author = "Soricut, Radu  and
      Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1009",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219849",
    pages = "66--74",
}
@inproceedings{matsuzaki-etal-2005-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic {CFG} with Latent Annotations",
    author = "Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1010",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219850",
    pages = "75--82",
}
@inproceedings{miyao-tsujii-2005-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Disambiguation Models for Wide-Coverage {HPSG} Parsing",
    author = "Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1011",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219851",
    pages = "83--90",
}
@inproceedings{mcdonald-etal-2005-online,
    title = "Online Large-Margin Training of Dependency Parsers",
    author = "McDonald, Ryan  and
      Crammer, Koby  and
      Pereira, Fernando",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1012",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219852",
    pages = "91--98",
}
@inproceedings{nivre-nilsson-2005-pseudo,
    title = "Pseudo-Projective Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Nivre, Joakim  and
      Nilsson, Jens",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1013",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219853",
    pages = "99--106",
}
@inproceedings{geffet-dagan-2005-distributional,
    title = "The Distributional Inclusion Hypotheses and Lexical Entailment",
    author = "Geffet, Maayan  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1014",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219854",
    pages = "107--114",
}
@inproceedings{pang-lee-2005-seeing,
    title = "Seeing Stars: Exploiting Class Relationships for Sentiment Categorization with Respect to Rating Scales",
    author = "Pang, Bo  and
      Lee, Lillian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1015",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219855",
    pages = "115--124",
}
@inproceedings{pantel-2005-inducing,
    title = "Inducing Ontological Co-occurrence Vectors",
    author = "Pantel, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1016",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219856",
    pages = "125--132",
}
@inproceedings{takamura-etal-2005-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Semantic Orientations of Words using Spin Model",
    author = "Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Inui, Takashi  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1017",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219857",
    pages = "133--140",
}
@inproceedings{barzilay-lapata-2005-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Local Coherence: An Entity-Based Approach",
    author = "Barzilay, Regina  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1018",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219858",
    pages = "141--148",
}
@inproceedings{hutchinson-2005-modelling,
    title = "Modelling the Substitutability of Discourse Connectives",
    author = "Hutchinson, Ben",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1019",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219859",
    pages = "149--156",
}
@inproceedings{ng-2005-machine,
    title = "Machine Learning for Coreference Resolution: From Local Classification to Global Ranking",
    author = "Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1020",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219860",
    pages = "157--164",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2005-improving,
    title = "Improving Pronoun Resolution Using Statistics-Based Semantic Compatibility Information",
    author = "Yang, Xiaofeng  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1021",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219861",
    pages = "165--172",
}
@inproceedings{charniak-johnson-2005-coarse,
    title = "Coarse-to-Fine n-Best Parsing and {M}ax{E}nt Discriminative Reranking",
    author = "Charniak, Eugene  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1022",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219862",
    pages = "173--180",
}
@inproceedings{henderson-titov-2005-data,
    title = "Data-Defined Kernels for Parse Reranking Derived from Probabilistic Models",
    author = "Henderson, James  and
      Titov, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1023",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219863",
    pages = "181--188",
}
@inproceedings{kudo-etal-2005-boosting,
    title = "Boosting-based Parse Reranking with Subtree Features",
    author = "Kudo, Taku  and
      Suzuki, Jun  and
      Isozaki, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1024",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219864",
    pages = "189--196",
}
@inproceedings{sagae-etal-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Measurement of Syntactic Development in Child Language",
    author = "Sagae, Kenji  and
      Lavie, Alon  and
      MacWhinney, Brian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1025",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219865",
    pages = "197--204",
}
@inproceedings{harabagiu-etal-2005-experiments,
    title = "Experiments with Interactive Question-Answering",
    author = "Harabagiu, Sanda  and
      Hickl, Andrew  and
      Lehmann, John  and
      Moldovan, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1026",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219866",
    pages = "205--214",
}
@inproceedings{sasaki-2005-question,
    title = "Question Answering as Question-Biased Term Extraction: A New Approach toward Multilingual {QA}",
    author = "Sasaki, Yutaka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1027",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219867",
    pages = "215--222",
}
@inproceedings{elzer-etal-2005-exploring,
    title = "Exploring and Exploiting the Limited Utility of Captions in Recognizing Intention in Information Graphics",
    author = "Elzer, Stephanie  and
      Carberry, Sandra  and
      Chester, Daniel  and
      Demir, Seniz  and
      Green, Nancy  and
      Zukerman, Ingrid  and
      Trnka, Keith",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1028",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219868",
    pages = "223--230",
}
@inproceedings{ginzburg-fernandez-2005-scaling,
    title = "Scaling up from Dialogue to Multilogue: Some Principles and Benchmarks",
    author = "Ginzburg, Jonathan  and
      Fern{\'a}ndez, Raquel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1029",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219869",
    pages = "231--238",
}
@inproceedings{rieser-moore-2005-implications,
    title = "Implications for Generating Clarification Requests in Task-Oriented Dialogues",
    author = "Rieser, Verena  and
      Moore, Johanna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1030",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219870",
    pages = "239--246",
}
@inproceedings{schlangen-2005-towards,
    title = "Towards Finding and Fixing {F}ragments{---}{U}sing {ML} to Identify Non-Sentential Utterances and their Antecedents in Multi-Party Dialogue",
    author = "Schlangen, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1031",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219871",
    pages = "247--254",
}
@inproceedings{callison-burch-etal-2005-scaling,
    title = "Scaling Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation to Larger Corpora and Longer Phrases",
    author = "Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      Bannard, Colin  and
      Schroeder, Josh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1032",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219872",
    pages = "255--262",
}
@inproceedings{chiang-2005-hierarchical,
    title = "A Hierarchical Phrase-Based Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1033",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219873",
    pages = "263--270",
}
@inproceedings{quirk-etal-2005-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Treelet Translation: Syntactically Informed Phrasal {SMT}",
    author = "Quirk, Chris  and
      Menezes, Arul  and
      Cherry, Colin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1034",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219874",
    pages = "271--279",
}
@inproceedings{amigo-etal-2005-qarla,
    title = "{QARLA}: A Framework for the Evaluation of Text Summarization Systems",
    author = "Amig{\'o}, Enrique  and
      Gonzalo, Julio  and
      Pe{\~n}as, Anselmo  and
      Verdejo, Felisa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1035",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219875",
    pages = "280--289",
}
@inproceedings{turner-charniak-2005-supervised,
    title = "Supervised and Unsupervised Learning for Sentence Compression",
    author = "Turner, Jenine  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1036",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219876",
    pages = "290--297",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-hovy-2005-digesting,
    title = "Digesting Virtual {``}Geek{''} Culture: The Summarization of Technical {I}nternet Relay Chats",
    author = "Zhou, Liang  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1037",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219877",
    pages = "298--305",
}
@inproceedings{arun-keller-2005-lexicalization,
    title = "Lexicalization in Crosslinguistic Probabilistic Parsing: The Case of {F}rench",
    author = "Arun, Abhishek  and
      Keller, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1038",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219878",
    pages = "306--313",
}
@inproceedings{dubey-2005-lexicalization,
    title = "What to Do When Lexicalization Fails: Parsing {G}erman with Suffix Analysis and Smoothing",
    author = "Dubey, Amit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1039",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219879",
    pages = "314--321",
}
@inproceedings{dickinson-meurers-2005-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Errors in Discontinuous Structural Annotation",
    author = "Dickinson, Markus  and
      Meurers, W. Detmar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1040",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219880",
    pages = "322--329",
}
@inproceedings{tanaka-etal-2005-high,
    title = "High Precision {T}reebanking{---}{B}lazing Useful Trees Using {POS} Information",
    author = "Tanaka, Takaaki  and
      Bond, Francis  and
      Oepen, Stephan  and
      Fujita, Sanae",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1041",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219881",
    pages = "330--337",
}
@inproceedings{filali-bilmes-2005-dynamic,
    title = "A Dynamic {B}ayesian Framework to Model Context and Memory in Edit Distance Learning: An Application to Pronunciation Classification",
    author = "Filali, Karim  and
      Bilmes, Jeff",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1042",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219882",
    pages = "338--345",
}
@inproceedings{lin-2005-learning,
    title = "Learning Stochastic {OT} Grammars: A {B}ayesian Approach using Data Augmentation and {G}ibbs Sampling",
    author = "Lin, Ying",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1043",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219883",
    pages = "346--353",
}
@inproceedings{smith-eisner-2005-contrastive,
    title = "Contrastive Estimation: Training Log-Linear Models on Unlabeled Data",
    author = "Smith, Noah A.  and
      Eisner, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1044",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219884",
    pages = "354--362",
}
@inproceedings{finkel-etal-2005-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating Non-local Information into Information Extraction Systems by {G}ibbs Sampling",
    author = "Finkel, Jenny Rose  and
      Grenager, Trond  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1045",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219885",
    pages = "363--370",
}
@inproceedings{grenager-etal-2005-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Learning of Field Segmentation Models for Information Extraction",
    author = "Grenager, Trond  and
      Klein, Dan  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1046",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219886",
    pages = "371--378",
}
@inproceedings{stevenson-greenwood-2005-semantic,
    title = "A Semantic Approach to {IE} Pattern Induction",
    author = "Stevenson, Mark  and
      Greenwood, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1047",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219887",
    pages = "379--386",
}
@inproceedings{carpuat-wu-2005-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation vs. Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Carpuat, Marine  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1048",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219888",
    pages = "387--394",
}
@inproceedings{niu-etal-2005-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation Using Label Propagation Based Semi-Supervised Learning",
    author = "Niu, Zheng-Yu  and
      Ji, Dong-Hong  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1049",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219889",
    pages = "395--402",
}
@inproceedings{gliozzo-etal-2005-domain,
    title = "Domain Kernels for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Gliozzo, Alfio  and
      Giuliano, Claudio  and
      Strapparava, Carlo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1050",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219890",
    pages = "403--410",
}
@inproceedings{ji-grishman-2005-improving,
    title = "Improving Name Tagging by Reference Resolution and Relation Detection",
    author = "Ji, Heng  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1051",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219891",
    pages = "411--418",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-grishman-2005-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Relations with Integrated Information Using Kernel Methods",
    author = "Zhao, Shubin  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1052",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219892",
    pages = "419--426",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2005-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Various Knowledge in Relation Extraction",
    author = "Zhou, GuoDong  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Zhang, Jie  and
      Zhang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1053",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219893",
    pages = "427--434",
}
@inproceedings{boulis-ostendorf-2005-quantitative,
    title = "A Quantitative Analysis of Lexical Differences Between Genders in Telephone Conversations",
    author = "Boulis, Constantinos  and
      Ostendorf, Mari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1054",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219894",
    pages = "435--442",
}
@inproceedings{chelba-acero-2005-position,
    title = "Position Specific Posterior Lattices for Indexing Speech",
    author = "Chelba, Ciprian  and
      Acero, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1055",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219895",
    pages = "443--450",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2005-using,
    title = "Using Conditional Random Fields for Sentence Boundary Detection in Speech",
    author = "Liu, Yang  and
      Stolcke, Andreas  and
      Shriberg, Elizabeth  and
      Harper, Mary",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1056",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219896",
    pages = "451--458",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2005-log,
    title = "Log-Linear Models for Word Alignment",
    author = "Liu, Yang  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Lin, Shouxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1057",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219897",
    pages = "459--466",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2005-alignment,
    title = "Alignment Model Adaptation for Domain-Specific Word Alignment",
    author = "Wu, Hua  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Liu, Zhanyi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1058",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219898",
    pages = "467--474",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-gildea-2005-stochastic,
    title = "Stochastic Lexicalized Inversion Transduction Grammar for Alignment",
    author = "Zhang, Hao  and
      Gildea, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1059",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219899",
    pages = "475--482",
}
@inproceedings{mann-yarowsky-2005-multi,
    title = "Multi-Field Information Extraction and Cross-Document Fusion",
    author = "Mann, Gideon  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1060",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219900",
    pages = "483--490",
}
@inproceedings{mcdonald-etal-2005-simple,
    title = "Simple Algorithms for Complex Relation Extraction with Applications to Biomedical {IE}",
    author = "McDonald, Ryan  and
      Pereira, Fernando  and
      Kulick, Seth  and
      Winters, Scott  and
      Jin, Yang  and
      White, Pete",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1061",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219901",
    pages = "491--498",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2005-resume,
    title = "Resume Information Extraction with Cascaded Hybrid Model",
    author = "Yu, Kun  and
      Guan, Gang  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1062",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219902",
    pages = "499--506",
}
@inproceedings{collins-etal-2005-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Syntactic Language Modeling for Speech Recognition",
    author = "Collins, Michael  and
      Roark, Brian  and
      Saraclar, Murat",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1063",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219903",
    pages = "507--514",
}
@inproceedings{li-ma-2005-phonotactic,
    title = "A Phonotactic Language Model for Spoken Language Identification",
    author = "Li, Haizhou  and
      Ma, Bin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1064",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219904",
    pages = "515--522",
}
@inproceedings{schwarm-ostendorf-2005-reading,
    title = "Reading Level Assessment Using Support Vector Machines and Statistical Language Models",
    author = "Schwarm, Sarah  and
      Ostendorf, Mari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1065",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219905",
    pages = "523--530",
}
@inproceedings{collins-etal-2005-clause,
    title = "Clause Restructuring for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Collins, Michael  and
      Koehn, Philipp  and
      Ku{\v{c}}erov{\'a}, Ivona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1066",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219906",
    pages = "531--540",
}
@inproceedings{ding-palmer-2005-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation Using Probabilistic Synchronous Dependency Insertion Grammars",
    author = "Ding, Yuan  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1067",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219907",
    pages = "541--548",
}
@inproceedings{hwang-sasaki-2005-context,
    title = "Context-Dependent {SMT} Model using Bilingual Verb-Noun Collocation",
    author = "Hwang, Young-Sook  and
      Sasaki, Yutaka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1068",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219908",
    pages = "549--556",
}
@inproceedings{tillmann-zhang-2005-localized,
    title = "A Localized Prediction Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Tillmann, Christoph  and
      Zhang, Tong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1069",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219909",
    pages = "557--564",
}
@inproceedings{pan-shaw-2005-instance,
    title = "Instance-based Sentence Boundary Determination by Optimization for Natural Language Generation",
    author = "Pan, Shimei  and
      Shaw, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1070",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219910",
    pages = "565--572",
}
@inproceedings{habash-rambow-2005-arabic,
    title = "{A}rabic Tokenization, Part-of-Speech Tagging and Morphological Disambiguation in One Fell Swoop",
    author = "Habash, Nizar  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1071",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219911",
    pages = "573--580",
}
@inproceedings{pradhan-etal-2005-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Role Labeling Using Different Syntactic Views",
    author = "Pradhan, Sameer  and
      Ward, Wayne  and
      Hacioglu, Kadri  and
      Martin, James  and
      Jurafsky, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1072",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219912",
    pages = "581--588",
}
@inproceedings{toutanova-etal-2005-joint,
    title = "Joint Learning Improves Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Haghighi, Aria  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1073",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219913",
    pages = "589--596",
}
@inproceedings{bannard-callison-burch-2005-paraphrasing,
    title = "Paraphrasing with Bilingual Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Bannard, Colin  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1074",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219914",
    pages = "597--604",
}
@inproceedings{deane-2005-nonparametric,
    title = "A Nonparametric Method for Extraction of Candidate Phrasal Terms",
    author = "Deane, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1075",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219915",
    pages = "605--613",
}
@inproceedings{yallop-etal-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Acquisition of Adjectival Subcategorization from Corpora",
    author = "Yallop, Jeremy  and
      Korhonen, Anna  and
      Briscoe, Ted",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1076",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219916",
    pages = "614--621",
}
@inproceedings{ravichandran-etal-2005-randomized,
    title = "Randomized Algorithms and {NLP}: Using Locality Sensitive Hash Functions for High Speed Noun Clustering",
    author = "Ravichandran, Deepak  and
      Pantel, Patrick  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}{'}05)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-1077",
    doi = "10.3115/1219840.1219917",
    pages = "622--629",
}
@proceedings{acl-2005-acl,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    author = "Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      Wan, Stephen",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2000",
}
@inproceedings{lu-2005-hybrid,
    title = "Hybrid Methods for {POS} Guessing of {C}hinese Unknown Words",
    author = "Lu, Xiaofei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{thabet-2005-understanding,
    title = "Understanding the Thematic Structure of the {Q}ur{'}an: An Exploratory Multivariate Approach",
    author = "Thabet, Naglaa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{pecina-2005-extensive,
    title = "An Extensive Empirical Study of Collocation Extraction Methods",
    author = "Pecina, Pavel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{duh-2005-jointly,
    title = "Jointly Labeling Multiple Sequences: A Factorial {HMM} Approach",
    author = "Duh, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{solorio-2005-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Named Entity Taggers in a Second Language",
    author = "Solorio, Thamar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2005",
    pages = "25--30",
}
@inproceedings{tatu-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Discovery of Intentions in Text and its Application to Question Answering",
    author = "Tatu, Marta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2006",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{huenerfauth-2005-american,
    title = "{A}merican Sign Language Generation: Multimodal {NLG} with Multiple Linguistic Channels",
    author = "Huenerfauth, Matt",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2007",
    pages = "37--42",
}
@inproceedings{read-2005-using,
    title = "Using Emoticons to Reduce Dependency in Machine Learning Techniques for Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Read, Jonathon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2008",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{roberts-2005-learning,
    title = "Learning Meronyms from Biomedical Text",
    author = "Roberts, Angus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{beigman-klebanov-2005-using,
    title = "Using Readers to Identify Lexical Cohesive Structures in Texts",
    author = "Beigman Klebanov, Beata",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{de-bleecker-2005-towards,
    title = "Towards an Optimal Lexicalization in a Natural-Sounding Portable Natural Language Generator for Dialog Systems",
    author = "De Bleecker, Inge M. R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2011",
    pages = "61--66",
}
@inproceedings{de-gispert-2005-phrase,
    title = "Phrase Linguistic Classification and Generalization for Improving Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "de Gispert, Adri{\`a}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2012",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@inproceedings{cakici-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Induction of a {CCG} Grammar for {T}urkish",
    author = "{\c{C}}ak{\i}c{\i}, Ruken",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2013",
    pages = "73--78",
}
@inproceedings{ivanovic-2005-dialogue,
    title = "Dialogue Act Tagging for Instant Messaging Chat Sessions",
    author = "Ivanovic, Edward",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2014",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{grois-2005-learning,
    title = "Learning Strategies for Open-Domain Natural Language Question Answering",
    author = "Grois, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2015",
    pages = "85--90",
}
@inproceedings{fox-2005-dependency,
    title = "Dependency-Based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Fox, Heidi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2016",
    pages = "91--96",
}
@inproceedings{sayeed-2005-minimalist,
    title = "Minimalist Parsing of Subjects Displaced from Embedded Clauses in Free Word Order Languages",
    author = "Sayeed, Asad B.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2017",
    pages = "97--102",
}
@inproceedings{xie-2005-centrality,
    title = "Centrality Measures in Text Mining: Prediction of Noun Phrases that Appear in Abstracts",
    author = "Xie, Zhuli",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2018",
    pages = "103--108",
}
@inproceedings{diderichsen-elming-2005-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus-Based Approach to Topic in {D}anish dialog",
    author = "Diderichsen, Philip  and
      Elming, Jakob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2019",
    pages = "109--114",
}
@inproceedings{postolache-2005-learning,
    title = "Learning Information Structure in the {P}rague {T}reebank",
    author = "Postolache, Oana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2020",
    pages = "115--120",
}
@inproceedings{podvesky-machek-2005-speech,
    title = "Speech Recognition of {C}zech{---}Inclusion of Rare Words Helps",
    author = "Podvesk{\'y}, Petr  and
      Machek, Pavel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2021",
    pages = "121--126",
}
@inproceedings{ozdowska-2005-using,
    title = "Using Bilingual Dependencies to Align Words in {E}nglish/{F}rench Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Ozdowska, Sylwia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2022",
    pages = "127--132",
}
@inproceedings{alex-2005-unsupervised,
    title = "An Unsupervised System for Identifying {E}nglish Inclusions in {G}erman Text",
    author = "Alex, Beatrice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2023",
    pages = "133--138",
}
@inproceedings{yoshida-2005-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-Oriented Development of {J}apanese {HPSG} Parsers",
    author = "Yoshida, Kazuhiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2024",
    pages = "139--144",
}
@inproceedings{kulkarni-2005-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Discrimination and Labeling of Ambiguous Names",
    author = "Kulkarni, Anagha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2025",
    pages = "145--150",
}
@inproceedings{russell-2005-domain,
    title = "A Domain-Specific Statistical Surface Realizer",
    author = "Russell, Jeffrey",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-2026",
    pages = "151--156",
}
@proceedings{acl-2005-acl-interactive,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    author = "Nagata, Masaaki  and
      Pedersen, Ted",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3000",
}
@inproceedings{devault-etal-2005-information,
    title = "An Information-State Approach to Collaborative Reference",
    author = "DeVault, David  and
      Kariaeva, Natalia  and
      Kothari, Anubha  and
      Oved, Iris  and
      Stone, Matthew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3001",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225754",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{gurevych-niederlich-2005-accessing,
    title = "Accessing {G}erma{N}et Data and Computing Semantic Relatedness",
    author = "Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Niederlich, Hendrik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3002",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225755",
    pages = "5--8",
}
@inproceedings{koller-thater-2005-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Solving and Exploration of Scope Ambiguities",
    author = "Koller, Alexander  and
      Thater, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3003",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225756",
    pages = "9--12",
}
@inproceedings{litkowski-2005-cl,
    title = "{CL} Research{'}s Knowledge Management System",
    author = "Litkowski, Kenneth C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3004",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225757",
    pages = "13--16",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2005-dynamically,
    title = "Dynamically Generating a Protein Entity Dictionary Using Online Resources",
    author = "Liu, Hongfang  and
      Hu, Zhangzhi  and
      Wu, Cathy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3005",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225758",
    pages = "17--20",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2005-descriptive,
    title = "Descriptive Question Answering in Encyclopedia",
    author = "Lee, Hyo-Jung O.  and
      Kim, Hyeon-Jin  and
      Jang, Myung-Gil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3006",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225759",
    pages = "21--24",
}
@inproceedings{pakhomov-etal-2005-high,
    title = "High Throughput Modularized {NLP} System for Clinical Text",
    author = "Pakhomov, Serguei  and
      Buntrock, James  and
      Duffy, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3007",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225760",
    pages = "25--28",
}
@inproceedings{rayner-etal-2005-voice,
    title = "A Voice Enabled Procedure Browser for the International Space Station",
    author = "Rayner, Manny  and
      Hockey, Beth A.  and
      Chatzichrisafis, Nikos  and
      Farrell, Kim  and
      Renders, Jean-Michel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3008",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225761",
    pages = "29--32",
}
@inproceedings{resnik-elkiss-2005-linguists,
    title = "The {L}inguist{'}s {S}earch {E}ngine: An Overview",
    author = "Resnik, Philip  and
      Elkiss, Aaron",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3009",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225762",
    pages = "33--36",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2005-learning,
    title = "Learning Source-Target Surface Patterns for Web-based Terminology Translation",
    author = "Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Lin, Tracy  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3010",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225763",
    pages = "37--40",
}
@inproceedings{chelba-acero-2005-speech,
    title = "{SPEECH} {OGLE}: Indexing Uncertainty for Spoken Document Search",
    author = "Chelba, Ciprian  and
      Acero, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3011",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225764",
    pages = "41--44",
}
@inproceedings{foster-etal-2005-multimodal,
    title = "Multimodal Generation in the {COMIC} Dialogue System",
    author = "Foster, Mary E.  and
      White, Michael  and
      Setzer, Andrea  and
      Catizone, Roberta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3012",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225765",
    pages = "45--48",
}
@inproceedings{mihalcea-2005-language,
    title = "Language Independent Extractive Summarization",
    author = "Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3013",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225766",
    pages = "49--52",
}
@inproceedings{mihalcea-csomai-2005-senselearner,
    title = "{S}ense{L}earner: Word Sense Disambiguation for All Words in Unrestricted Text",
    author = "Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Csomai, Andras",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3014",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225767",
    pages = "53--56",
}
@inproceedings{mohit-hwa-2005-syntax,
    title = "Syntax-based Semi-Supervised Named Entity Tagging",
    author = "Mohit, Behrang  and
      Hwa, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3015",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225768",
    pages = "57--60",
}
@inproceedings{nakajima-etal-2005-portable,
    title = "Portable Translator Capable of Recognizing Characters on Signboard and Menu Captured by its Built-in Camera",
    author = "Nakajima, Hideharu  and
      Matsuo, Yoshihiro  and
      Nagata, Masaaki  and
      Saito, Kuniko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3016",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225769",
    pages = "61--64",
}
@inproceedings{nakov-etal-2005-supporting,
    title = "Supporting Annotation Layers for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Nakov, Preslav  and
      Schwartz, Ariel  and
      Wolf, Brian  and
      Hearst, Marti",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3017",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225770",
    pages = "65--68",
}
@inproceedings{nichols-hwa-2005-word,
    title = "Word Alignment and Cross-Lingual Resource Acquisition",
    author = "Nichols, Carol  and
      Hwa, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3018",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225771",
    pages = "69--72",
}
@inproceedings{patwardhan-etal-2005-senserelate,
    title = "{S}ense{R}elate::{T}arget{W}ord{---}A Generalized Framework for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Patwardhan, Siddharth  and
      Banerjee, Satanjeev  and
      Pedersen, Ted",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3019",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225772",
    pages = "73--76",
}
@inproceedings{rapp-2005-practical,
    title = "A Practical Solution to the Problem of Automatic Part-of-Speech Induction from Text",
    author = "Rapp, Reinhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3020",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225773",
    pages = "77--80",
}
@inproceedings{verhagen-etal-2005-automating,
    title = "Automating Temporal Annotation with {TARSQI}",
    author = "Verhagen, Marc  and
      Mani, Inderjeet  and
      Sauri, Roser  and
      Littman, Jessica  and
      Knippen, Robert  and
      Jang, Seok B.  and
      Rumshisky, Anna  and
      Phillips, John  and
      Pustejovsky, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3021",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225774",
    pages = "81--84",
}
@inproceedings{allen-etal-2005-two,
    title = "Two Diverse Systems Built using Generic Components for Spoken Dialogue (Recent Progress on {TRIPS})",
    author = "Allen, James  and
      Ferguson, George  and
      Stent, Amanda  and
      Stoness, Scott  and
      Swift, Mary  and
      Galescu, Lucian  and
      Chambers, Nathan  and
      Campana, Ellen  and
      Aist, Gregory",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3022",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225775",
    pages = "85--88",
}
@inproceedings{belvin-etal-2005-transonics,
    title = "{T}ransonics: A Practical Speech-to-Speech Translator for {E}nglish-{F}arsi Medical Dialogs",
    author = "Belvin, Robert  and
      Ettelaie, Emil  and
      Gandhe, Sudeep  and
      Georgiou, Panayiotis  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Marcu, Daniel  and
      Millward, Scott  and
      Narayanan, Shrikanth  and
      Neely, Howard  and
      Traum, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3023",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225776",
    pages = "89--92",
}
@inproceedings{church-thiesson-2005-wild,
    title = "The Wild Thing",
    author = "Church, Ken  and
      Thiesson, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3024",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225777",
    pages = "93--96",
}
@inproceedings{deneefe-etal-2005-interactively,
    title = "Interactively Exploring a Machine Translation Model",
    author = "DeNeefe, Steve  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Chan, Hayward H.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3025",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225778",
    pages = "97--100",
}
@inproceedings{jayaraman-lavie-2005-multi,
    title = "Multi-Engine Machine Translation Guided by Explicit Word Matching",
    author = "Jayaraman, Shyamsundar  and
      Lavie, Alon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3026",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225779",
    pages = "101--104",
}
@inproceedings{kulkarni-pedersen-2005-senseclusters,
    title = "{S}ense{C}lusters: Unsupervised Clustering and Labeling of Similar Contexts",
    author = "Kulkarni, Anagha  and
      Pedersen, Ted",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3027",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225780",
    pages = "105--108",
}
@inproceedings{mueller-2005-flexible,
    title = "A Flexible Stand-Off Data Model with Query Language for Multi-Level Annotation",
    author = "Mueller, Christoph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3028",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225781",
    pages = "109--112",
}
@inproceedings{stock-strapparava-2005-hahacronym,
    title = "{HAHA}cronym: A Computational Humor System",
    author = "Stock, Oliviero  and
      Strapparava, Carlo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3029",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225782",
    pages = "113--116",
}
@inproceedings{utiyama-etal-2005-organizing,
    title = "Organizing {E}nglish Reading Materials for Vocabulary Learning",
    author = "Utiyama, Masao  and
      Tanimura, Midori  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3030",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225783",
    pages = "117--120",
}
@inproceedings{yoshida-nakagawa-2005-reformatting,
    title = "Reformatting Web Documents via Header Trees",
    author = "Yoshida, Minoru  and
      Nakagawa, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P05-3031",
    doi = "10.3115/1225753.1225784",
    pages = "121--124",
}
@proceedings{acl-2004-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1000",
}
@inproceedings{chai-etal-2004-optimization,
    title = "Optimization in Multimodal Interpretation",
    author = "Chai, Joyce Y.  and
      Hong, Pengyu  and
      Zhou, Michelle X.  and
      Prasov, Zahar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1001",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218956",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{steels-2004-constructivist,
    title = "Constructivist Development of Grounded Construction Grammar",
    author = "Steels, Luc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1002",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218957",
    pages = "9--16",
}
@inproceedings{mcdonald-brew-2004-distributional,
    title = "A Distributional Model of Semantic Context Effects in Lexical Processing",
    author = "McDonald, Scott  and
      Brew, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1003",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218958",
    pages = "17--24",
}
@inproceedings{wolska-kruijff-korbayova-2004-analysis,
    title = "Analysis of Mixed Natural and Symbolic Input in Mathematical Dialogs",
    author = "Wolska, Magdalena  and
      Kruijff-Korbayov{\'a}, Ivana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1004",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218959",
    pages = "25--32",
}
@inproceedings{johnson-charniak-2004-tag,
    title = "A {TAG}-based noisy-channel model of speech repairs",
    author = "Johnson, Mark  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1005",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218960",
    pages = "33--39",
}
@inproceedings{hall-johnson-2004-attention,
    title = "Attention Shifting for Parsing Speech",
    author = "Hall, Keith B.  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1006",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218961",
    pages = "40--46",
}
@inproceedings{roark-etal-2004-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Language Modeling with Conditional Random Fields and the Perceptron Algorithm",
    author = "Roark, Brian  and
      Saraclar, Murat  and
      Collins, Michael  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1007",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218962",
    pages = "47--54",
}
@inproceedings{mohri-etal-2004-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Modeling for Unit Selection in Speech Synthesis",
    author = "Mohri, Mehryar  and
      Allauzen, Cyril  and
      Riley, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1008",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218963",
    pages = "55--62",
}
@inproceedings{chung-2004-developing,
    title = "Developing a Flexible Spoken Dialog System Using Simulation",
    author = "Chung, Grace",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1009",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218964",
    pages = "63--70",
}
@inproceedings{hardy-etal-2004-data,
    title = "Data-Driven Strategies for an Automated Dialogue System",
    author = "Hardy, Hilda  and
      Strzalkowski, Tomek  and
      Wu, Min  and
      Ursu, Cristian  and
      Webb, Nick  and
      Biermann, Alan  and
      Inouye, R. Bryce  and
      McKenzie, Ashley",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1010",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218965",
    pages = "71--78",
}
@inproceedings{stent-etal-2004-trainable,
    title = "Trainable Sentence Planning for Complex Information Presentations in Spoken Dialog Systems",
    author = "Stent, Amanda  and
      Prasad, Rashmi  and
      Walker, Marilyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1011",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218966",
    pages = "79--86",
}
@inproceedings{jokinen-kanto-2004-user,
    title = "User Expertise Modeling and Adaptivity in a Speech-Based E-Mail System",
    author = "Jokinen, Kristiina  and
      Kanto, Kari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1012",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218967",
    pages = "87--94",
}
@inproceedings{henderson-2004-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Training of a Neural Network Statistical Parser",
    author = "Henderson, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1013",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218968",
    pages = "95--102",
}
@inproceedings{clark-curran-2004-parsing,
    title = "Parsing the {WSJ} Using {CCG} and Log-Linear Models",
    author = "Clark, Stephen  and
      Curran, James R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1014",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218969",
    pages = "103--110",
}
@inproceedings{collins-roark-2004-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Parsing with the Perceptron Algorithm",
    author = "Collins, Michael  and
      Roark, Brian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1015",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218970",
    pages = "111--118",
}
@inproceedings{suzuki-etal-2004-convolution,
    title = "Convolution Kernels with Feature Selection for Natural Language Processing Tasks",
    author = "Suzuki, Jun  and
      Isozaki, Hideki  and
      Maeda, Eisaku",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1016",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218971",
    pages = "119--126",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2004-improving,
    title = "Improving Pronoun Resolution by Incorporating Coreferential Information of Candidates",
    author = "Yang, Xiaofeng  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Tan, Chew-Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1017",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218972",
    pages = "127--134",
}
@inproceedings{luo-etal-2004-mention,
    title = "A Mention-Synchronous Coreference Resolution Algorithm Based On the Bell Tree",
    author = "Luo, Xiaoqiang  and
      Ittycheriah, Abe  and
      Jing, Hongyan  and
      Kambhatla, Nanda  and
      Roukos, Salim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1018",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218973",
    pages = "135--142",
}
@inproceedings{poesio-etal-2004-learning,
    title = "Learning to Resolve Bridging References",
    author = "Poesio, Massimo  and
      Mehta, Rahul  and
      Maroudas, Axel  and
      Hitzeman, Janet",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1019",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218974",
    pages = "143--150",
}
@inproceedings{ng-2004-learning,
    title = "Learning Noun Phrase Anaphoricity to Improve Conference Resolution: Issues in Representation and Optimization",
    author = "Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1020",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218975",
    pages = "151--158",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2004-joint,
    title = "A Joint Source-Channel Model for Machine Transliteration",
    author = "Li, Haizhou  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Su, Jian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1021",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218976",
    pages = "159--166",
}
@inproceedings{lu-zhou-2004-collocation,
    title = "Collocation Translation Acquisition Using Monolingual Corpora",
    author = {L{\"u}, Yajuan  and
      Zhou, Ming},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1022",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218977",
    pages = "167--174",
}
@inproceedings{callison-burch-etal-2004-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Machine Translation with Word- and Sentence-Aligned Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      Talbot, David  and
      Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1023",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218978",
    pages = "175--182",
}
@inproceedings{qu-grefenstette-2004-finding,
    title = "Finding Ideographic Representations of {J}apanese Names Written in {L}atin Script via Language Identification and Corpus Validation",
    author = "Qu, Yan  and
      Grefenstette, Gregory",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1024",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218979",
    pages = "183--190",
}
@inproceedings{saric-etal-2004-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Regulatory Gene Expression Networks From Pubmed",
    author = "Saric, Jasmin  and
      Jensen, Lars J.  and
      Bork, Peer  and
      Ouzounova, Rossitza  and
      Rojas, Isabel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1025",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218980",
    pages = "191--198",
}
@inproceedings{van-halteren-2004-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Profiling for Authorship Recognition and Verification",
    author = "van Halteren, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1026",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218981",
    pages = "199--206",
}
@inproceedings{amigo-etal-2004-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study of Information Synthesis Task",
    author = "Amigo, Enrique  and
      Gonzalo, Julio  and
      Peinado, Victor  and
      Pe{\~n}as, Anselmo  and
      Verdejo, Felisa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1027",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218982",
    pages = "207--214",
}
@inproceedings{penagos-2004-mining,
    title = "Mining Metalinguistic Activity in Corpora to Create Lexical Resources Using Information Extraction Techniques: the {MOP} System",
    author = "Penagos, Carlos Rodriguez",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1028",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218983",
    pages = "215--222",
}
@inproceedings{munteanu-penn-2004-optimizing,
    title = "Optimizing Typed Feature Structure Grammar Parsing through Non-Statistical Indexing",
    author = "Munteanu, Cosmin  and
      Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1029",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218984",
    pages = "223--230",
}
@inproceedings{collins-etal-2004-head,
    title = "Head-Driven Parsing for Word Lattices",
    author = "Collins, Christopher  and
      Carpenter, Bob  and
      Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1030",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218985",
    pages = "231--238",
}
@inproceedings{penn-2004-balancing,
    title = "Balancing Clarity and Efficiency in Typed Feature Logic Through Delaying",
    author = "Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1031",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218986",
    pages = "239--246",
}
@inproceedings{fuchss-etal-2004-minimal,
    title = "Minimal Recursion Semantics as Dominance Constraints: Translation, Evaluation, and Analysis",
    author = "Fuchss, Ruth  and
      Koller, Alexander  and
      Niehren, Joachim  and
      Thater, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1032",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218987",
    pages = "247--254",
}
@inproceedings{ko-seo-2004-learning,
    title = "Learning with Unlabeled Data for Text Categorization Using a Bootstrapping and a Feature Projection Technique",
    author = "Ko, Youngjoong  and
      Seo, Jungyun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1033",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218988",
    pages = "255--262",
}
@inproceedings{beineke-etal-2004-sentimental,
    title = "The Sentimental Factor: Improving Review Classification Via Human-Provided Information",
    author = "Beineke, Philip  and
      Hastie, Trevor  and
      Vaithyanathan, Shivakumar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1034",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218989",
    pages = "263--270",
}
@inproceedings{pang-lee-2004-sentimental,
    title = "A Sentimental Education: Sentiment Analysis Using Subjectivity Summarization Based on Minimum Cuts",
    author = "Pang, Bo  and
      Lee, Lillian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1035",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218990",
    pages = "271--278",
}
@inproceedings{mccarthy-etal-2004-finding,
    title = "Finding Predominant Word Senses in Untagged Text",
    author = "McCarthy, Diana  and
      Koeling, Rob  and
      Weeds, Julie  and
      Carroll, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1036",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218991",
    pages = "279--286",
}
@inproceedings{bhattacharya-etal-2004-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Sense Disambiguation Using Bilingual Probabilistic Models",
    author = "Bhattacharya, Indrajit  and
      Getoor, Lise  and
      Bengio, Yoshua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1037",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218992",
    pages = "287--294",
}
@inproceedings{chen-palmer-2004-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Verb Sense Discrimination Using an {EM} Clustering Model with Rich Linguistic Features",
    author = "Chen, Jinying  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1038",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218993",
    pages = "295--302",
}
@inproceedings{diab-2004-relieving,
    title = "Relieving the data Acquisition Bottleneck in Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1039",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218994",
    pages = "303--310",
}
@inproceedings{jijkoun-de-rijke-2004-enriching,
    title = "Enriching the Output of a Parser Using Memory-based Learning",
    author = "Jijkoun, Valentin  and
      de Rijke, Maarten",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1040",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218995",
    pages = "311--318",
}
@inproceedings{cahill-etal-2004-long,
    title = "Long-Distance Dependency Resolution in Automatically Acquired Wide-Coverage {PCFG}-Based {LFG} Approximations",
    author = "Cahill, Aoife  and
      Burke, Michael  and
      O{'}Donovan, Ruth  and
      van Genabith, Josef  and
      Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1041",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218996",
    pages = "319--326",
}
@inproceedings{levy-manning-2004-deep,
    title = "Deep Dependencies from Context-Free Statistical Parsers: Correcting the Surface Dependency Approximation",
    author = "Levy, Roger  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1042",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218997",
    pages = "327--334",
}
@inproceedings{moschitti-2004-study,
    title = "A Study on Convolution Kernels for Shallow Statistic Parsing",
    author = "Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1043",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218998",
    pages = "335--342",
}
@inproceedings{gabsdil-lemon-2004-combining,
    title = "Combining Acoustic and Pragmatic Features to Predict Recognition Performance in Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Gabsdil, Malte  and
      Lemon, Oliver",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1044",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1218999",
    pages = "343--350",
}
@inproceedings{litman-forbes-riley-2004-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Student Emotions in Computer-Human Tutoring Dialogues",
    author = "Litman, Diane J.  and
      Forbes-Riley, Kate",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1045",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219000",
    pages = "351--358",
}
@inproceedings{gomez-2004-building,
    title = "Building Verb Predicates: A Computational View",
    author = "Gomez, Fernando",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1046",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219001",
    pages = "359--366",
}
@inproceedings{odonovan-etal-2004-large,
    title = "Large-Scale Induction and Evaluation of Lexical Resources from the {P}enn-{II} Treebank",
    author = "O{'}Donovan, Ruth  and
      Burke, Michael  and
      Cahill, Aoife  and
      van Genabith, Josef  and
      Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1047",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219002",
    pages = "367--374",
}
@inproceedings{green-etal-2004-inducing,
    title = "Inducing Frame Semantic Verb Classes from {W}ord{N}et and {LDOCE}",
    author = "Green, Rebecca  and
      Dorr, Bonnie J.  and
      Resnik, Philip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1048",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219003",
    pages = "375--382",
}
@inproceedings{wolf-gibson-2004-paragraph,
    title = "Paragraph-, Word-, and Coherence-based Approaches to Sentence Ranking: A Comparison of Algorithm and Human Performance",
    author = "Wolf, Florian  and
      Gibson, Edward",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1049",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219004",
    pages = "383--390",
}
@inproceedings{karamanis-etal-2004-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Centering-Based Metrics of Coherence",
    author = "Karamanis, Nikiforos  and
      Poesio, Massimo  and
      Mellish, Chris  and
      Oberlander, Jon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1050",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219005",
    pages = "391--398",
}
@inproceedings{althaus-etal-2004-computing,
    title = "Computing Locally Coherent Discourses",
    author = "Althaus, Ernst  and
      Karamanis, Nikiforos  and
      Koller, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1051",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219006",
    pages = "399--406",
}
@inproceedings{siddharthan-copestake-2004-generating,
    title = "Generating Referring Expressions in Open Domains",
    author = "Siddharthan, Advaith  and
      Copestake, Ann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1052",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219007",
    pages = "407--414",
}
@inproceedings{hasegawa-etal-2004-discovering,
    title = "Discovering Relations among Named Entities from Large Corpora",
    author = "Hasegawa, Takaaki  and
      Sekine, Satoshi  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1053",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219008",
    pages = "415--422",
}
@inproceedings{culotta-sorensen-2004-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Tree Kernels for Relation Extraction",
    author = "Culotta, Aron  and
      Sorensen, Jeffrey",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1054",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219009",
    pages = "423--429",
}
@inproceedings{rosario-hearst-2004-classifying,
    title = "Classifying Semantic Relations in Bioscience Texts",
    author = "Rosario, Barbara  and
      Hearst, Marti",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1055",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219010",
    pages = "430--437",
}
@inproceedings{bunescu-mooney-2004-collective,
    title = "Collective Information Extraction with Relational {M}arkov Networks",
    author = "Bunescu, Razvan  and
      Mooney, Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1056",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219011",
    pages = "438--445",
}
@inproceedings{van-noord-2004-error,
    title = "Error Mining for Wide-Coverage Grammar Engineering",
    author = "van Noord, Gertjan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1057",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219012",
    pages = "446--453",
}
@inproceedings{infante-lopez-de-rijke-2004-alternative,
    title = "Alternative approaches for Generating Bodies of Grammar Rules",
    author = "Infante-Lopez, Gabriel  and
      de Rijke, Maarten",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1058",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219013",
    pages = "454--461",
}
@inproceedings{gao-etal-2004-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Wu, Andi  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Huang, Chang-Ning  and
      Li, Hongqiao  and
      Xia, Xinsong  and
      Qin, Haowei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1059",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219014",
    pages = "462--469",
}
@inproceedings{kuhn-2004-experiments,
    title = "Experiments in parallel-text based grammar induction",
    author = "Kuhn, Jonas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1060",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219015",
    pages = "470--477",
}
@inproceedings{klein-manning-2004-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-Based Induction of Syntactic Structure: Models of Dependency and Constituency",
    author = "Klein, Dan  and
      Manning, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1061",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219016",
    pages = "478--485",
}
@inproceedings{smith-eisner-2004-annealing,
    title = "Annealing Techniques For Unsupervised Statistical Language Learning",
    author = "Smith, Noah A.  and
      Eisner, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1062",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219017",
    pages = "486--493",
}
@inproceedings{nomoto-2004-multi,
    title = "Multi-Engine Machine Translation with Voted Language Model",
    author = "Nomoto, Tadashi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1063",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219018",
    pages = "494--501",
}
@inproceedings{goutte-etal-2004-aligning,
    title = "Aligning words using matrix factorisation",
    author = "Goutte, Cyril  and
      Yamada, Kenji  and
      Gaussier, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1064",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219019",
    pages = "502--509",
}
@inproceedings{kanthak-ney-2004-fsa,
    title = "{FSA}: An Efficient and Flexible {C}++ Toolkit for Finite State Automata Using On-Demand Computation",
    author = "Kanthak, Stephan  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1065",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219020",
    pages = "510--517",
}
@inproceedings{moore-2004-improving,
    title = "Improving {IBM} Word Alignment Model 1",
    author = "Moore, Robert C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1066",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219021",
    pages = "518--525",
}
@inproceedings{gaussier-etal-2004-geometric,
    title = "A Geometric View on Bilingual Lexicon Extraction from Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Gaussier, Eric  and
      Renders, J.M.  and
      Matveeva, I.  and
      Goutte, C.  and
      Dejean, H.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1067",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219022",
    pages = "526--533",
}
@inproceedings{cheng-etal-2004-creating,
    title = "Creating Multilingual Translation Lexicons with Regional Variations Using Web Corpora",
    author = "Cheng, Pu-Jen  and
      Lu, Wen-Hsiang  and
      Teng, Jei-Wen  and
      Chien, Lee-Feng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1068",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219023",
    pages = "534--541",
}
@inproceedings{nederhof-satta-2004-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Parsing Strategies",
    author = "Nederhof, Mark-Jan  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1069",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219024",
    pages = "542--549",
}
@inproceedings{nederhof-satta-2004-alternative,
    title = "An Alternative Method of Training Probabilistic {LR} Parsers",
    author = "Nederhof, Mark-Jan  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1070",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219025",
    pages = "550--557",
}
@inproceedings{rogers-2004-wrapping,
    title = "Wrapping of Trees",
    author = "Rogers, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1071",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219026",
    pages = "558--565",
}
@inproceedings{saquete-etal-2004-splitting,
    title = "Splitting Complex Temporal Questions for Question Answering Systems",
    author = "Saquete, E.  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez-Barco, P.  and
      Mu{\~n}oz, R.  and
      Vicedo, J.L.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1072",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219027",
    pages = "566--573",
}
@inproceedings{prager-etal-2004-question,
    title = "Question Answering Using Constraint Satisfaction: {QA}-By-Dossier-With-Contraints",
    author = "Prager, John  and
      Chu-Carroll, Jennifer  and
      Czuba, Krzysztof",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1073",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219028",
    pages = "574--581",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2004-applying,
    title = "Applying Machine Learning to {C}hinese Temporal Relation Resolution",
    author = "Li, Wenjie  and
      Wong, Kam-Fai  and
      Cao, Guihong  and
      Yuan, Chunfa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1074",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219029",
    pages = "582--588",
}
@inproceedings{shen-etal-2004-multi,
    title = "Multi-Criteria-based Active Learning for Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Shen, Dan  and
      Zhang, Jie  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Tan, Chew-Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1075",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219030",
    pages = "589--596",
}
@inproceedings{niu-etal-2004-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised Learning for Cross-document Person Name Disambiguation Supported by Information Extraction",
    author = "Niu, Cheng  and
      Li, Wei  and
      Srihari, Rohini K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1076",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219031",
    pages = "597--604",
}
@inproceedings{lin-och-2004-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality Using Longest Common Subsequence and Skip-Bigram Statistics",
    author = "Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Och, Franz Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1077",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219032",
    pages = "605--612",
}
@inproceedings{soricut-brill-2004-unified,
    title = "A Unified Framework For Automatic Evaluation Using 4-Gram Co-occurrence Statistics",
    author = "Soricut, Radu  and
      Brill, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1078",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219033",
    pages = "613--620",
}
@inproceedings{babych-hartley-2004-extending,
    title = "Extending the {BLEU} {MT} Evaluation Method with Frequency Weightings",
    author = "Babych, Bogdan  and
      Hartley, Tony",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1079",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219034",
    pages = "621--628",
}
@inproceedings{niu-etal-2004-learning,
    title = "Learning Word Sense With Feature Selection and Order Identification Capabilities",
    author = "Niu, Zheng-Yu  and
      Ji, Dong-Hong  and
      Tan, Chew-Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1080",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219035",
    pages = "629--636",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2004-kernel,
    title = "A Kernel {PCA} Method for Superior Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Wu, Dekai  and
      Su, Weifeng  and
      Carpuat, Marine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1081",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219036",
    pages = "637--644",
}
@inproceedings{campbell-2004-using,
    title = "Using Linguistic Principles to Recover Empty Categories",
    author = "Campbell, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1082",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219037",
    pages = "645--652",
}
@inproceedings{melamed-2004-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Machine Translation by Parsing",
    author = "Melamed, I. Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1083",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219038",
    pages = "653--660",
}
@inproceedings{melamed-etal-2004-generalized,
    title = "Generalized Multitext Grammars",
    author = "Melamed, I. Dan  and
      Satta, Giorgio  and
      Wellington, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1084",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219039",
    pages = "661--668",
}
@inproceedings{galley-etal-2004-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Agreement and Disagreement in Conversational Speech: Use of {B}ayesian Networks to Model Pragmatic Dependencies",
    author = "Galley, Michel  and
      McKeown, Kathleen  and
      Hirschberg, Julia  and
      Shriberg, Elizabeth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1085",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219040",
    pages = "669--676",
}
@inproceedings{gregory-altun-2004-using,
    title = "Using Conditional Random Fields to Predict Pitch Accents in Conversational Speech",
    author = "Gregory, Michelle  and
      Altun, Yasemin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1086",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219041",
    pages = "677--683",
}
@inproceedings{hutchinson-2004-acquiring,
    title = "Acquiring the Meaning of Discourse Markers",
    author = "Hutchinson, Ben",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1087",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219042",
    pages = "684--691",
}
@inproceedings{serafin-di-eugenio-2004-flsa,
    title = "{FLSA}: Extending Latent Semantic Analysis with Features for Dialogue Act Classification",
    author = "Serafin, Riccardo  and
      Di Eugenio, Barbara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics ({ACL}-04)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-1088",
    doi = "10.3115/1218955.1219043",
    pages = "692--699",
}
@proceedings{acl-2004-acl,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2000",
}
@inproceedings{ryu-2004-determining,
    title = "Determining the Specificity of Terms using Compositional and Contextual Information",
    author = "Ryu, Pum-Mo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{inouye-2004-minimizing,
    title = "Minimizing the Length of Non-Mixed Initiative Dialogs",
    author = "Inouye, R. Bryce",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{holub-etal-2004-searching,
    title = "Searching for Topics in a Large Collection of Texts",
    author = "Holub, Martin  and
      Semeck{\'y}, Ji{\v{r}}{\'\i}  and
      Divi{\v{s}}, Ji{\v{r}}{\'\i}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{leibscher-2004-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Context: Applications and Implications for Computational Linguistics",
    author = "Leibscher, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{wang-2004-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Acquisition of {E}nglish Topic Signatures Based on a Second Language",
    author = "Wang, Xinglong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2005",
    pages = "25--30",
}
@inproceedings{boonthum-2004-istart,
    title = "i{START}: Paraphrase Recognition",
    author = "Boonthum, Chutima",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2006",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{ferrer-2004-towards,
    title = "Towards a Semantic Classification of {S}panish Verbs Based on Subcategorisation Information",
    author = "Ferrer, Eva Esteve",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2007",
    pages = "37--42",
}
@inproceedings{yoshinaga-2004-improving,
    title = "Improving the Accuracy of Subcategorizations Acquired from Corpora",
    author = "Yoshinaga, Naoki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2008",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{nielsen-2004-robust,
    title = "Robust {VPE} Detection using Automatically Parsed Text",
    author = "Nielsen, Leif Arda",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{kouchnir-2004-machine,
    title = "A Machine Learning Approach to {G}erman Pronoun Resolution",
    author = "Kouchnir, Beata",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{prins-2004-beyond,
    title = "Beyond N in N-gram Tagging",
    author = "Prins, Robbert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2011",
    pages = "61--66",
}
@inproceedings{monson-2004-framework,
    title = "A Framework for Unsupervised Natural Language Morphology Induction",
    author = "Monson, Christian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-2012",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@proceedings{acl-2004-acl-interactive,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3000",
}
@inproceedings{esteban-etal-2004-transtype2,
    title = "{T}rans{T}ype2 - An Innovative Computer-Assisted Translation System",
    author = "Esteban, Jos{\'e}  and
      Lorenzo, Jos{\'e}  and
      Valderr{\'a}banos, Antonio S.  and
      Lapalme, Guy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3001",
    pages = "94--97",
}
@inproceedings{wu-wang-2004-improving,
    title = "Improving Domain-Specific Word Alignment for Computer Assisted Translation",
    author = "Wu, Hua  and
      Wang, Haifeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3002",
    pages = "98--101",
}
@inproceedings{kuo-yang-2004-constructing,
    title = "Constructing Transliteration Lexicons from Web Corpora",
    author = "Kuo, Jin-Shea  and
      Yang, Ying-Kuei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3003",
    pages = "102--105",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2004-subsentential,
    title = "Subsentential Translation Memory for Computer Assisted Writing and Translation",
    author = "Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Chuang, Thomas C.  and
      Shei, Wen-Chi  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3004",
    pages = "106--109",
}
@inproceedings{rogati-yang-2004-customizing,
    title = "Customizing Parallel Corpora at the Document Level",
    author = "Rogati, Monica  and
      Yang, Yiming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3005",
    pages = "110--113",
}
@inproceedings{pike-melamed-2004-automatic,
    title = "An Automatic Filter for Non-Parallel Texts",
    author = "Pike, Chris  and
      Melamed, I. Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3006",
    pages = "114--117",
}
@inproceedings{schafer-yarowsky-2004-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Aggregate Properties of Bilingual Dictionaries For Distinguishing Senses of {E}nglish Words and Inducing {E}nglish Sense Clusters",
    author = "Schafer, Charles  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3007",
    pages = "118--121",
}
@inproceedings{foth-etal-2004-interactive,
    title = "Interactive grammar development with {WCDG}",
    author = "Foth, Kilian A.  and
      Daum, Michael  and
      Menzel, Wolfgang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3008",
    pages = "122--125",
}
@inproceedings{callaway-2004-wide,
    title = "Wide Coverage Symbolic Surface Realization",
    author = "Callaway, Charles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3009",
    pages = "126--129",
}
@inproceedings{lee-rim-2004-part,
    title = "Part-of-Speech Tagging Considering Surface Form for an Agglutinative Language",
    author = "Lee, Do-Gil  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3010",
    pages = "130--133",
}
@inproceedings{maguire-cater-2004-conceptual,
    title = "Is Conceptual Combination Influenced by Word Order?",
    author = "Maguire, Phil  and
      Cater, Arthur",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3011",
    pages = "134--137",
}
@inproceedings{bel-2004-corpus,
    title = "Corpus representativeness for syntactic information acquisition",
    author = "Bel, N{\'u}ria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3012",
    pages = "138--141",
}
@inproceedings{ando-2004-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Unannotated Corpora for Tagging and Chunking",
    author = "Ando, Rie Kubota",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3013",
    pages = "142--145",
}
@inproceedings{drabek-yarowsky-2004-improving,
    title = "Improving Bitext Word Alignments via Syntax-based Reordering of {E}nglish",
    author = "Drabek, Elliott Franco  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3014",
    pages = "146--149",
}
@inproceedings{yamamoto-etal-2004-hierarchy,
    title = "Hierarchy Extraction based on Inclusion of Appearance",
    author = "Yamamoto, Eiko  and
      Kanzaki, Kyoko  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3015",
    pages = "150--153",
}
@inproceedings{alonso-etal-2004-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge intensive e-mail summarization in {CARPANTA}",
    author = "Alonso, Laura  and
      Castell{\'o}n, Irene  and
      Casas, Bernardino  and
      Padr{\'o}, Llu{\'\i}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3016",
    pages = "154--157",
}
@inproceedings{yakushiji-etal-2004-finding,
    title = "Finding Anchor Verbs for Biomedical {IE} Using Predicate-Argument Structures",
    author = "Yakushiji, Akane  and
      Tateisi, Yuka  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3017",
    pages = "158--161",
}
@inproceedings{lita-etal-2004-resource,
    title = "Resource Analysis for Question Answering",
    author = "Lita, Lucian Vlad  and
      Hunt, Warren A.  and
      Nyberg, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3018",
    pages = "162--165",
}
@inproceedings{jian-etal-2004-tango,
    title = "{TANGO}: Bilingual Collocational Concordancer",
    author = "Jian, Jia-Yan  and
      Chang, Yu-Chia  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3019",
    pages = "166--169",
}
@inproceedings{mihalcea-2004-graph,
    title = "Graph-based Ranking Algorithms for Sentence Extraction, Applied to Text Summarization",
    author = "Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3020",
    pages = "170--173",
}
@inproceedings{bangalore-2004-compiling,
    title = "Compiling Boostexter Rules into a Finite-state Transducer",
    author = "Bangalore, Srinivas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3021",
    pages = "174--177",
}
@inproceedings{kambhatla-2004-combining,
    title = "Combining Lexical, Syntactic, and Semantic Features with Maximum Entropy Models for Information Extraction",
    author = "Kambhatla, Nanda",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3022",
    pages = "178--181",
}
@inproceedings{quint-2004-equivalence,
    title = "On the Equivalence of Weighted Finite-state Transducers",
    author = "Quint, Julien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3023",
    pages = "182--185",
}
@inproceedings{schneider-2004-new,
    title = "A New Feature Selection Score for Multinomial Naive {B}ayes Text Classification Based on {KL}-Divergence",
    author = "Schneider, Karl-Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3024",
    pages = "186--189",
}
@inproceedings{mullen-collier-2004-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating topic information into semantic analysis models",
    author = "Mullen, Tony  and
      Collier, Nigel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3025",
    pages = "190--193",
}
@inproceedings{rapp-2004-practical,
    title = "A Practical Solution to the Problem of Automatic Word Sense Induction",
    author = "Rapp, Reinhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3026",
    pages = "194--197",
}
@inproceedings{shin-choi-2004-automatic,
    title = "Automatic clustering of collocation for detecting practical sense boundary",
    author = "Shin, Saim  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3027",
    pages = "198--201",
}
@inproceedings{maeireizo-etal-2004-co,
    title = "Co-training for Predicting Emotions with Spoken Dialogue Data",
    author = "Maeireizo, Beatriz  and
      Litman, Diane  and
      Hwa, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3028",
    pages = "202--205",
}
@inproceedings{pecourt-reithinger-2004-multimodal,
    title = "Multimodal Database Access on Handheld Devices",
    author = "Pecourt, Elsa  and
      Reithinger, Norbert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3029",
    pages = "206--209",
}
@inproceedings{power-evans-2004-wysiwym,
    title = "Wysiwym with wider coverage",
    author = "Power, Richard  and
      Evans, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3030",
    pages = "210--213",
}
@inproceedings{bird-loper-2004-nltk,
    title = "{NLTK}: The Natural Language Toolkit",
    author = "Bird, Steven  and
      Loper, Edward",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3031",
    pages = "214--217",
}
@inproceedings{eisner-etal-2004-dyna,
    title = "{D}yna: A Language for Weighted Dynamic Programming",
    author = "Eisner, Jason  and
      Goldlust, Eric  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3032",
    pages = "218--221",
}
@inproceedings{johnston-bangalore-2004-matchkiosk,
    title = "{MATCH}kiosk: A Multimodal Interactive City Guide",
    author = "Johnston, Michael  and
      Bangalore, Srinivas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3033",
    pages = "222--225",
}
@inproceedings{blatak-etal-2004-fragments,
    title = "Fragments and Text Categorization",
    author = "Blat{\'a}k, Jan  and
      Mr{\'a}kov{\'a}, Eva  and
      Popel{\'\i}nsky, Lubos",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions",
    month = jul,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P04-3034",
    pages = "226--229",
}
@proceedings{acl-2010-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    author = "Haji{\v{c}}, Jan  and
      Carberry, Sandra  and
      Clark, Stephen  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1000",
}
@inproceedings{koo-collins-2010-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Third-Order Dependency Parsers",
    author = "Koo, Terry  and
      Collins, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1001",
    pages = "1--11",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-liu-2010-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Parsing and Projection Based on Word-Pair Classification",
    author = "Jiang, Wenbin  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1002",
    pages = "12--20",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2010-bitext,
    title = "Bitext Dependency Parsing with Bilingual Subtree Constraints",
    author = "Chen, Wenliang  and
      Kazama, Jun{'}ichi  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1003",
    pages = "21--29",
}
@inproceedings{koller-thater-2010-computing,
    title = "Computing Weakest Readings",
    author = "Koller, Alexander  and
      Thater, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1004",
    pages = "30--39",
}
@inproceedings{reiter-frank-2010-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Generic Noun Phrases",
    author = "Reiter, Nils  and
      Frank, Anette",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1005",
    pages = "40--49",
}
@inproceedings{han-zhao-2010-structural,
    title = "Structural Semantic Relatedness: A Knowledge-Based Method to Named Entity Disambiguation",
    author = "Han, Xianpei  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1006",
    pages = "50--59",
}
@inproceedings{rudzicz-2010-correcting,
    title = "Correcting Errors in Speech Recognition with Articulatory Dynamics",
    author = "Rudzicz, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1007",
    pages = "60--68",
}
@inproceedings{janarthanam-lemon-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning to Adapt to Unknown Users: Referring Expression Generation in Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Janarthanam, Srinivasan  and
      Lemon, Oliver",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1008",
    pages = "69--78",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chen-2010-risk,
    title = "A Risk Minimization Framework for Extractive Speech Summarization",
    author = "Lin, Shih-Hsiang  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1009",
    pages = "79--87",
}
@inproceedings{abney-bird-2010-human,
    title = "The Human Language Project: Building a Universal Corpus of the World{'}s Languages",
    author = "Abney, Steven  and
      Bird, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1010",
    pages = "88--97",
}
@inproceedings{shezaf-rappoport-2010-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Lexicon Generation Using Non-Aligned Signatures",
    author = "Shezaf, Daphna  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1011",
    pages = "98--107",
}
@inproceedings{echizen-ya-araki-2010-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Evaluation Method for Machine Translation Using Noun-Phrase Chunking",
    author = "Echizen-ya, Hiroshi  and
      Araki, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1012",
    pages = "108--117",
}
@inproceedings{wu-weld-2010-open,
    title = "Open Information Extraction Using {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Wu, Fei  and
      Weld, Daniel S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1013",
    pages = "118--127",
}
@inproceedings{chiticariu-etal-2010-systemt,
    title = "{S}ystem{T}: An Algebraic Approach to Declarative Information Extraction",
    author = "Chiticariu, Laura  and
      Krishnamurthy, Rajasekar  and
      Li, Yunyao  and
      Raghavan, Sriram  and
      Reiss, Frederick  and
      Vaithyanathan, Shivakumar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1014",
    pages = "128--137",
}
@inproceedings{elson-etal-2010-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Social Networks from Literary Fiction",
    author = "Elson, David  and
      Dames, Nicholas  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1015",
    pages = "138--147",
}
@inproceedings{duan-etal-2010-pseudo,
    title = "Pseudo-Word for Phrase-Based Machine Translation",
    author = "Duan, Xiangyu  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1016",
    pages = "148--156",
}
@inproceedings{riesa-marcu-2010-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Search for Word Alignment",
    author = "Riesa, Jason  and
      Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1017",
    pages = "157--166",
}
@inproceedings{de-marneffe-etal-2010-good,
    title = "{``}Was It Good? It Was Provocative.{''} Learning the Meaning of Scalar Adjectives",
    author = "de Marneffe, Marie-Catherine  and
      Manning, Christopher D.  and
      Potts, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1018",
    pages = "167--176",
}
@inproceedings{selfridge-heeman-2010-importance,
    title = "Importance-Driven Turn-Bidding for Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Selfridge, Ethan  and
      Heeman, Peter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1019",
    pages = "177--185",
}
@inproceedings{cheung-penn-2010-entity,
    title = "Entity-Based Local Coherence Modelling Using Topological Fields",
    author = "Cheung, Jackie Chi Kit  and
      Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1020",
    pages = "186--195",
}
@inproceedings{mitchell-etal-2010-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic and Semantic Factors in Processing Difficulty: An Integrated Measure",
    author = "Mitchell, Jeff  and
      Lapata, Mirella  and
      Demberg, Vera  and
      Keller, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1021",
    pages = "196--206",
}
@inproceedings{honnibal-etal-2010-rebanking,
    title = "Rebanking {CCG}bank for Improved {NP} Interpretation",
    author = "Honnibal, Matthew  and
      Curran, James R.  and
      Bos, Johan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1022",
    pages = "207--215",
}
@inproceedings{navigli-ponzetto-2010-babelnet,
    title = "{B}abel{N}et: Building a Very Large Multilingual Semantic Network",
    author = "Navigli, Roberto  and
      Ponzetto, Simone Paolo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1023",
    pages = "216--225",
}
@inproceedings{abend-rappoport-2010-fully,
    title = "Fully Unsupervised Core-Adjunct Argument Classification",
    author = "Abend, Omri  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1024",
    pages = "226--236",
}
@inproceedings{croce-etal-2010-towards,
    title = "Towards Open-Domain Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Croce, Danilo  and
      Giannone, Cristina  and
      Annesi, Paolo  and
      Basili, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1025",
    pages = "237--246",
}
@inproceedings{kazama-etal-2010-bayesian,
    title = "A {B}ayesian Method for Robust Estimation of Distributional Similarities",
    author = "Kazama, Jun{'}ichi  and
      De Saeger, Stijn  and
      Kuroda, Kow  and
      Murata, Masaki  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1026",
    pages = "247--256",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2010-recommendation,
    title = "Recommendation in {I}nternet Forums and Blogs",
    author = "Wang, Jia  and
      Li, Qing  and
      Chen, Yuanzhu Peter  and
      Lin, Zhangxi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1027",
    pages = "257--265",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning Phrase-Based Spelling Error Models from Clickthrough Data",
    author = "Sun, Xu  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Micol, Daniel  and
      Quirk, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1028",
    pages = "266--274",
}
@inproceedings{huang-riloff-2010-inducing,
    title = "Inducing Domain-Specific Semantic Class Taggers from (Almost) Nothing",
    author = "Huang, Ruihong  and
      Riloff, Ellen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1029",
    pages = "275--285",
}
@inproceedings{hoffmann-etal-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning 5000 Relational Extractors",
    author = "Hoffmann, Raphael  and
      Zhang, Congle  and
      Weld, Daniel S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1030",
    pages = "286--295",
}
@inproceedings{poon-domingos-2010-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Ontology Induction from Text",
    author = "Poon, Hoifung  and
      Domingos, Pedro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1031",
    pages = "296--305",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2010-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Syntactic Structural Features for Sub-Tree Alignment Using Bilingual Tree Kernels",
    author = "Sun, Jun  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1032",
    pages = "306--315",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2010-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Pruning for Discriminative {ITG} Alignment",
    author = "Liu, Shujie  and
      Li, Chi-Ho  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1033",
    pages = "316--324",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2010-fine,
    title = "Fine-Grained Tree-to-String Translation Rule Extraction",
    author = "Wu, Xianchao  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1034",
    pages = "325--334",
}
@inproceedings{fowler-penn-2010-accurate,
    title = "Accurate Context-Free Parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar",
    author = "Fowler, Timothy A. D.  and
      Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1035",
    pages = "335--344",
}
@inproceedings{kummerfeld-etal-2010-faster,
    title = "Faster Parsing by Supertagger Adaptation",
    author = "Kummerfeld, Jonathan K.  and
      Roesner, Jessika  and
      Dawborn, Tim  and
      Haggerty, James  and
      Curran, James R.  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1036",
    pages = "345--355",
}
@inproceedings{sassano-kurohashi-2010-using,
    title = "Using Smaller Constituents Rather Than Sentences in Active Learning for {J}apanese Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Sassano, Manabu  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1037",
    pages = "356--365",
}
@inproceedings{trogkanis-elkan-2010-conditional,
    title = "Conditional Random Fields for Word Hyphenation",
    author = "Trogkanis, Nikolaos  and
      Elkan, Charles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1038",
    pages = "366--374",
}
@inproceedings{spiegler-flach-2010-enhanced,
    title = "Enhanced Word Decomposition by Calibrating the Decision Threshold of Probabilistic Models and Using a Model Ensemble",
    author = "Spiegler, Sebastian  and
      Flach, Peter A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1039",
    pages = "375--383",
}
@inproceedings{turian-etal-2010-word,
    title = "Word Representations: A Simple and General Method for Semi-Supervised Learning",
    author = "Turian, Joseph  and
      Ratinov, Lev-Arie  and
      Bengio, Yoshua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1040",
    pages = "384--394",
}
@inproceedings{hassan-radev-2010-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Text Polarity Using Random Walks",
    author = "Hassan, Ahmed  and
      Radev, Dragomir R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1041",
    pages = "395--403",
}
@inproceedings{wei-gulla-2010-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Learning on Product Reviews via Sentiment Ontology Tree",
    author = "Wei, Wei  and
      Gulla, Jon Atle",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1042",
    pages = "404--413",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-employing,
    title = "Employing Personal/Impersonal Views in Supervised and Semi-Supervised Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Li, Shoushan  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Lee, Sophia Yat Mei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1043",
    pages = "414--423",
}
@inproceedings{ritter-etal-2010-latent,
    title = "A Latent {D}irichlet Allocation Method for Selectional Preferences",
    author = "Ritter, Alan  and
      {Mausam}  and
      Etzioni, Oren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1044",
    pages = "424--434",
}
@inproceedings{o-seaghdha-2010-latent,
    title = "Latent Variable Models of Selectional Preference",
    author = "{\'O} S{\'e}aghdha, Diarmuid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1045",
    pages = "435--444",
}
@inproceedings{chambers-jurafsky-2010-improving,
    title = "Improving the Use of Pseudo-Words for Evaluating Selectional Preferences",
    author = "Chambers, Nathanael  and
      Jurafsky, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1046",
    pages = "445--453",
}
@inproceedings{yeniterzi-oflazer-2010-syntax,
    title = "Syntax-to-Morphology Mapping in Factored Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation from {E}nglish to {T}urkish",
    author = "Yeniterzi, Reyyan  and
      Oflazer, Kemal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1047",
    pages = "454--464",
}
@inproceedings{durrani-etal-2010-hindi,
    title = "{H}indi-to-{U}rdu Machine Translation through Transliteration",
    author = "Durrani, Nadir  and
      Sajjad, Hassan  and
      Fraser, Alexander  and
      Schmid, Helmut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1048",
    pages = "465--474",
}
@inproceedings{wuebker-etal-2010-training,
    title = "Training Phrase Translation Models with Leaving-One-Out",
    author = "Wuebker, Joern  and
      Mauser, Arne  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1049",
    pages = "475--484",
}
@inproceedings{kaji-etal-2010-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Staggered Decoding for Sequence Labeling",
    author = "Kaji, Nobuhiro  and
      Fujiwara, Yasuhiro  and
      Yoshinaga, Naoki  and
      Kitsuregawa, Masaru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1050",
    pages = "485--494",
}
@inproceedings{ravi-etal-2010-minimized,
    title = "Minimized Models and Grammar-Informed Initialization for Supertagging with Highly Ambiguous Lexicons",
    author = "Ravi, Sujith  and
      Baldridge, Jason  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1051",
    pages = "495--503",
}
@inproceedings{lavergne-etal-2010-practical,
    title = "Practical Very Large Scale {CRF}s",
    author = "Lavergne, Thomas  and
      Capp{\'e}, Olivier  and
      Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1052",
    pages = "504--513",
}
@inproceedings{schmitz-2010-computational,
    title = "On the Computational Complexity of Dominance Links in Grammatical Formalisms",
    author = "Schmitz, Sylvain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1053",
    pages = "514--524",
}
@inproceedings{sagot-satta-2010-optimal,
    title = "Optimal Rank Reduction for Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems with Fan-Out Two",
    author = "Sagot, Beno{\^\i}t  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1054",
    pages = "525--533",
}
@inproceedings{kuhlmann-etal-2010-importance,
    title = "The Importance of Rule Restrictions in {CCG}",
    author = "Kuhlmann, Marco  and
      Koller, Alexander  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1055",
    pages = "534--543",
}
@inproceedings{pitler-etal-2010-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Evaluation of Linguistic Quality in Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Pitler, Emily  and
      Louis, Annie  and
      Nenkova, Ani",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1056",
    pages = "544--554",
}
@inproceedings{qazvinian-radev-2010-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Non-Explicit Citing Sentences for Citation-Based Summarization.",
    author = "Qazvinian, Vahed  and
      Radev, Dragomir R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1057",
    pages = "555--564",
}
@inproceedings{woodsend-lapata-2010-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Generation of Story Highlights",
    author = "Woodsend, Kristian  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1058",
    pages = "565--574",
}
@inproceedings{toprak-etal-2010-sentence,
    title = "Sentence and Expression Level Annotation of Opinions in User-Generated Discourse",
    author = "Toprak, Cigdem  and
      Jakob, Niklas  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1059",
    pages = "575--584",
}
@inproceedings{jijkoun-etal-2010-generating,
    title = "Generating Focused Topic-Specific Sentiment Lexicons",
    author = "Jijkoun, Valentin  and
      de Rijke, Maarten  and
      Weerkamp, Wouter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1060",
    pages = "585--594",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2010-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Multilanguage-Comparability of Subjectivity Analysis Systems",
    author = "Kim, Jungi  and
      Li, Jin-Ji  and
      Lee, Jong-Hyeok",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1061",
    pages = "595--603",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-etal-2010-error,
    title = "Error Detection for Statistical Machine Translation Using Linguistic Features",
    author = "Xiong, Deyi  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1062",
    pages = "604--611",
}
@inproceedings{soricut-echihabi-2010-trustrank,
    title = "{T}rust{R}ank: Inducing Trust in Automatic Translations via Ranking",
    author = "Soricut, Radu  and
      Echihabi, Abdessamad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1063",
    pages = "612--621",
}
@inproceedings{he-etal-2010-bridging,
    title = "Bridging {SMT} and {TM} with Translation Recommendation",
    author = "He, Yifan  and
      Ma, Yanjun  and
      van Genabith, Josef  and
      Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1064",
    pages = "622--630",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2010-jointly,
    title = "On Jointly Recognizing and Aligning Bilingual Named Entities",
    author = "Chen, Yufeng  and
      Zong, Chengqing  and
      Su, Keh-Yih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1065",
    pages = "631--639",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-generating,
    title = "Generating Templates of Entity Summaries with an Entity-Aspect Model and Pattern Mining",
    author = "Li, Peng  and
      Jiang, Jing  and
      Wang, Yinglin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1066",
    pages = "640--649",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-comparable,
    title = "Comparable Entity Mining from Comparative Questions",
    author = "Li, Shasha  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Song, Young-In  and
      Li, Zhoujun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1067",
    pages = "650--658",
}
@inproceedings{chiarcos-2010-towards,
    title = "Towards Robust Multi-Tool Tagging. An {OWL}/{DL}-Based Approach",
    author = "Chiarcos, Christian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1068",
    pages = "659--670",
}
@inproceedings{costa-branco-2010-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Information Processing of a New Language: Fast Porting with Minimal Resources",
    author = "Costa, Francisco  and
      Branco, Ant{\'o}nio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1069",
    pages = "671--677",
}
@inproceedings{tratz-hovy-2010-taxonomy,
    title = "A Taxonomy, Dataset, and Classifier for Automatic Noun Compound Interpretation",
    author = "Tratz, Stephen  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1070",
    pages = "678--687",
}
@inproceedings{shutova-2010-models,
    title = "Models of Metaphor in {NLP}",
    author = "Shutova, Ekaterina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1071",
    pages = "688--697",
}
@inproceedings{beigman-klebanov-beigman-2010-game,
    title = "A Game-Theoretic Model of Metaphorical Bargaining",
    author = "Beigman Klebanov, Beata  and
      Beigman, Eyal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1072",
    pages = "698--709",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2010-kernel,
    title = "Kernel Based Discourse Relation Recognition with Temporal Ordering Information",
    author = "Wang, WenTing  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1073",
    pages = "710--719",
}
@inproceedings{finkel-manning-2010-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Joint Learning: Improving Joint Parsing and Named Entity Recognition with Non-Jointly Labeled Data",
    author = "Finkel, Jenny Rose  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1074",
    pages = "720--728",
}
@inproceedings{dickinson-2010-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Errors in Automatically-Parsed Dependency Relations",
    author = "Dickinson, Markus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1075",
    pages = "729--738",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-etal-2010-boosting,
    title = "Boosting-Based System Combination for Machine Translation",
    author = "Xiao, Tong  and
      Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Zhu, Muhua  and
      Wang, Huizhen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1076",
    pages = "739--748",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2010-fine-grained,
    title = "Fine-Grained Genre Classification Using Structural Learning Algorithms",
    author = "Wu, Zhili  and
      Markert, Katja  and
      Sharoff, Serge",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1077",
    pages = "749--759",
}
@inproceedings{tomasoni-huang-2010-metadata,
    title = "Metadata-Aware Measures for Answer Summarization in Community Question Answering",
    author = "Tomasoni, Mattia  and
      Huang, Minlie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1078",
    pages = "760--769",
}
@inproceedings{beaufort-etal-2010-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Rule/Model-Based Finite-State Framework for Normalizing {SMS} Messages",
    author = "Beaufort, Richard  and
      Roekhaut, Sophie  and
      Cougnon, Louise-Am{\'e}lie  and
      Fairon, C{\'e}drick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1079",
    pages = "770--779",
}
@inproceedings{jiampojamarn-kondrak-2010-letter,
    title = "Letter-Phoneme Alignment: An Exploration",
    author = "Jiampojamarn, Sittichai  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1080",
    pages = "780--788",
}
@inproceedings{liao-grishman-2010-using,
    title = "Using Document Level Cross-Event Inference to Improve Event Extraction",
    author = "Liao, Shasha  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1081",
    pages = "789--797",
}
@inproceedings{villing-2010-now,
    title = "Now, Where Was {I}? Resumption Strategies for an In-Vehicle Dialogue System",
    author = "Villing, Jessica",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1082",
    pages = "798--805",
}
@inproceedings{vogel-jurafsky-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning to Follow Navigational Directions",
    author = "Vogel, Adam  and
      Jurafsky, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1083",
    pages = "806--814",
}
@inproceedings{celikyilmaz-hakkani-tur-2010-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Hierarchical Model for Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Celikyilmaz, Asli  and
      Hakkani-Tur, Dilek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1084",
    pages = "815--824",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2010-improving,
    title = "Improving Statistical Machine Translation with Monolingual Collocation",
    author = "Liu, Zhanyi  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Wu, Hua  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1085",
    pages = "825--833",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2010-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Sense Similarity for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Chen, Boxing  and
      Foster, George  and
      Kuhn, Roland",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1086",
    pages = "834--843",
}
@inproceedings{de-melo-weikum-2010-untangling,
    title = "Untangling the Cross-Lingual Link Structure of {W}ikipedia",
    author = "de Melo, Gerard  and
      Weikum, Gerhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1087",
    pages = "844--853",
}
@inproceedings{bloodgood-callison-burch-2010-bucking,
    title = "Bucking the Trend: Large-Scale Cost-Focused Active Learning for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Bloodgood, Michael  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1088",
    pages = "854--864",
}
@inproceedings{bergsma-etal-2010-creating,
    title = "Creating Robust Supervised Classifiers via Web-Scale N-Gram Data",
    author = "Bergsma, Shane  and
      Pitler, Emily  and
      Lin, Dekang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1089",
    pages = "865--874",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2010-convolution,
    title = "Convolution Kernel over Packed Parse Forest",
    author = "Zhang, Min  and
      Zhang, Hui  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1090",
    pages = "875--885",
}
@inproceedings{heinz-rogers-2010-estimating,
    title = "Estimating Strictly Piecewise Distributions",
    author = "Heinz, Jeffrey  and
      Rogers, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1091",
    pages = "886--896",
}
@inproceedings{heinz-2010-string,
    title = "String Extension Learning",
    author = "Heinz, Jeffrey",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1092",
    pages = "897--906",
}
@inproceedings{rudolph-giesbrecht-2010-compositional,
    title = "Compositional Matrix-Space Models of Language",
    author = "Rudolph, Sebastian  and
      Giesbrecht, Eugenie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1093",
    pages = "907--916",
}
@inproceedings{wan-etal-2010-cross,
    title = "Cross-Language Document Summarization Based on Machine Translation Quality Prediction",
    author = "Wan, Xiaojun  and
      Li, Huiying  and
      Xiao, Jianguo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1094",
    pages = "917--926",
}
@inproceedings{litvak-etal-2010-new,
    title = "A New Approach to Improving Multilingual Summarization Using a Genetic Algorithm",
    author = "Litvak, Marina  and
      Last, Mark  and
      Friedman, Menahem",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1095",
    pages = "927--936",
}
@inproceedings{yamangil-shieber-2010-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Synchronous Tree-Substitution Grammar Induction and Its Application to Sentence Compression",
    author = "Yamangil, Elif  and
      Shieber, Stuart M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1096",
    pages = "937--947",
}
@inproceedings{thater-etal-2010-contextualizing,
    title = "Contextualizing Semantic Representations Using Syntactically Enriched Vector Models",
    author = {Thater, Stefan  and
      F{\"u}rstenau, Hagen  and
      Pinkal, Manfred},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1097",
    pages = "948--957",
}
@inproceedings{titov-kozhevnikov-2010-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping Semantic Analyzers from Non-Contradictory Texts",
    author = "Titov, Ivan  and
      Kozhevnikov, Mikhail",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1098",
    pages = "958--967",
}
@inproceedings{huang-yates-2010-open,
    title = "Open-Domain Semantic Role Labeling by Modeling Word Spans",
    author = "Huang, Fei  and
      Yates, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1099",
    pages = "968--978",
}
@inproceedings{regneri-etal-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning Script Knowledge with Web Experiments",
    author = "Regneri, Michaela  and
      Koller, Alexander  and
      Pinkal, Manfred",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1100",
    pages = "979--988",
}
@inproceedings{connor-etal-2010-starting,
    title = "Starting from Scratch in Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Connor, Michael  and
      Gertner, Yael  and
      Fisher, Cynthia  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1101",
    pages = "989--998",
}
@inproceedings{laskowski-2010-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Norms of Turn-Taking in Multi-Party Conversation",
    author = "Laskowski, Kornel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1102",
    pages = "999--1008",
}
@inproceedings{rieser-etal-2010-optimising,
    title = "Optimising Information Presentation for Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Rieser, Verena  and
      Lemon, Oliver  and
      Liu, Xingkun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1103",
    pages = "1009--1018",
}
@inproceedings{sonderegger-niyogi-2010-combining,
    title = "Combining Data and Mathematical Models of Language Change",
    author = "Sonderegger, Morgan  and
      Niyogi, Partha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1104",
    pages = "1019--1029",
}
@inproceedings{hall-klein-2010-finding,
    title = "Finding Cognate Groups Using Phylogenies",
    author = "Hall, David  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1105",
    pages = "1030--1039",
}
@inproceedings{corlett-penn-2010-exact,
    title = "An Exact {A}* Method for Deciphering Letter-Substitution Ciphers",
    author = "Corlett, Eric  and
      Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1106",
    pages = "1040--1047",
}
@inproceedings{snyder-etal-2010-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical Model for Lost Language Decipherment",
    author = "Snyder, Benjamin  and
      Barzilay, Regina  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1107",
    pages = "1048--1057",
}
@inproceedings{may-etal-2010-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Inference through Cascades of Weighted Tree Transducers",
    author = "May, Jonathan  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Vogler, Heiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1108",
    pages = "1058--1066",
}
@inproceedings{maletti-2010-tree,
    title = "A Tree Transducer Model for Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars",
    author = "Maletti, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1109",
    pages = "1067--1076",
}
@inproceedings{huang-sagae-2010-dynamic,
    title = "Dynamic Programming for Linear-Time Incremental Parsing",
    author = "Huang, Liang  and
      Sagae, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1110",
    pages = "1077--1086",
}
@inproceedings{seeker-etal-2010-hard,
    title = "Hard Constraints for Grammatical Function Labelling",
    author = "Seeker, Wolfgang  and
      Rehbein, Ines  and
      Kuhn, Jonas  and
      van Genabith, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1111",
    pages = "1087--1097",
}
@inproceedings{bansal-klein-2010-simple,
    title = "Simple, Accurate Parsing with an All-Fragments Grammar",
    author = "Bansal, Mohit  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1112",
    pages = "1098--1107",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-joint,
    title = "Joint Syntactic and Semantic Parsing of {C}hinese",
    author = "Li, Junhui  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1113",
    pages = "1108--1117",
}
@inproceedings{prettenhofer-stein-2010-cross,
    title = "Cross-Language Text Classification Using Structural Correspondence Learning",
    author = "Prettenhofer, Peter  and
      Stein, Benno",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1114",
    pages = "1118--1127",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2010-cross,
    title = "Cross-Lingual Latent Topic Extraction",
    author = "Zhang, Duo  and
      Mei, Qiaozhu  and
      Zhai, ChengXiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1115",
    pages = "1128--1137",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-topic,
    title = "Topic Models for Word Sense Disambiguation and Token-Based Idiom Detection",
    author = "Li, Linlin  and
      Roth, Benjamin  and
      Sporleder, Caroline",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1116",
    pages = "1138--1147",
}
@inproceedings{johnson-2010-pcfgs,
    title = "{PCFG}s, Topic Models, Adaptor Grammars and Learning Topical Collocations and the Structure of Proper Names",
    author = "Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1117",
    pages = "1148--1157",
}
@inproceedings{tomanek-etal-2010-cognitive,
    title = "A Cognitive Cost Model of Annotations Based on Eye-Tracking Data",
    author = {Tomanek, Katrin  and
      Hahn, Udo  and
      Lohmann, Steffen  and
      Ziegler, J{\"u}rgen},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1118",
    pages = "1158--1167",
}
@inproceedings{bicknell-levy-2010-rational,
    title = "A Rational Model of Eye Movement Control in Reading",
    author = "Bicknell, Klinton  and
      Levy, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1119",
    pages = "1168--1178",
}
@inproceedings{dubey-2010-influence,
    title = "The Influence of Discourse on Syntax: A Psycholinguistic Model of Sentence Processing",
    author = "Dubey, Amit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1120",
    pages = "1179--1188",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2010-complexity,
    title = "Complexity Metrics in an Incremental Right-Corner Parser",
    author = "Wu, Stephen  and
      Bachrach, Asaf  and
      Cardenas, Carlos  and
      Schuler, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1121",
    pages = "1189--1198",
}
@inproceedings{sammons-etal-2010-ask,
    title = "{``}Ask Not What Textual Entailment Can Do for You...{''}",
    author = "Sammons, Mark  and
      Vydiswaran, V.G.Vinod  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1122",
    pages = "1199--1208",
}
@inproceedings{mirkin-etal-2010-assessing,
    title = "Assessing the Role of Discourse References in Entailment Inference",
    author = "Mirkin, Shachar  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Pad{\'o}, Sebastian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1123",
    pages = "1209--1219",
}
@inproceedings{berant-etal-2010-global,
    title = "Global Learning of Focused Entailment Graphs",
    author = "Berant, Jonathan  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Goldberger, Jacob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1124",
    pages = "1220--1229",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2010-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Semantic Relevance for Question-Answer Pairs in Web Social Communities",
    author = "Wang, Baoxun  and
      Wang, Xiaolong  and
      Sun, Chengjie  and
      Liu, Bingquan  and
      Sun, Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1125",
    pages = "1230--1238",
}
@inproceedings{feng-lapata-2010-many,
    title = "How Many Words Is a Picture Worth? Automatic Caption Generation for News Images",
    author = "Feng, Yansong  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1126",
    pages = "1239--1249",
}
@inproceedings{aker-gaizauskas-2010-generating,
    title = "Generating Image Descriptions Using Dependency Relational Patterns",
    author = "Aker, Ahmet  and
      Gaizauskas, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1127",
    pages = "1250--1258",
}
@inproceedings{iida-etal-2010-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating Extra-Linguistic Information into Reference Resolution in Collaborative Task Dialogue",
    author = "Iida, Ryu  and
      Kobayashi, Syumpei  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1128",
    pages = "1259--1267",
}
@inproceedings{branavan-etal-2010-reading,
    title = "Reading between the Lines: Learning to Map High-Level Instructions to Commands",
    author = "Branavan, S.R.K.  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1129",
    pages = "1268--1277",
}
@inproceedings{spitkovsky-etal-2010-profiting,
    title = "Profiting from Mark-Up: Hyper-Text Annotations for Guided Parsing",
    author = "Spitkovsky, Valentin I.  and
      Jurafsky, Daniel  and
      Alshawi, Hiyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1130",
    pages = "1278--1287",
}
@inproceedings{berg-kirkpatrick-klein-2010-phylogenetic,
    title = "Phylogenetic Grammar Induction",
    author = "Berg-Kirkpatrick, Taylor  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1131",
    pages = "1288--1297",
}
@inproceedings{abend-etal-2010-improved,
    title = "Improved Unsupervised {POS} Induction through Prototype Discovery",
    author = "Abend, Omri  and
      Reichart, Roi  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1132",
    pages = "1298--1307",
}
@inproceedings{davidov-rappoport-2010-extraction,
    title = "Extraction and Approximation of Numerical Attributes from the Web",
    author = "Davidov, Dmitry  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1133",
    pages = "1308--1317",
}
@inproceedings{navigli-velardi-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning Word-Class Lattices for Definition and Hypernym Extraction",
    author = "Navigli, Roberto  and
      Velardi, Paola",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1134",
    pages = "1318--1327",
}
@inproceedings{ittoo-bouma-2010-learning,
    title = "On Learning Subtypes of the Part-Whole Relation: Do Not Mix Your Seeds",
    author = "Ittoo, Ashwin  and
      Bouma, Gosse",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1135",
    pages = "1328--1336",
}
@inproceedings{li-2010-understanding,
    title = "Understanding the Semantic Structure of Noun Phrase Queries",
    author = "Li, Xiao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1136",
    pages = "1337--1345",
}
@inproceedings{chinnakotla-etal-2010-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Pseudo-Relevance Feedback: Performance Study of Assisting Languages",
    author = "Chinnakotla, Manoj Kumar  and
      Raman, Karthik  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1137",
    pages = "1346--1356",
}
@inproceedings{santamaria-etal-2010-wikipedia,
    title = "{W}ikipedia as Sense Inventory to Improve Diversity in Web Search Results",
    author = "Santamar{\'\i}a, Celina  and
      Gonzalo, Julio  and
      Artiles, Javier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1138",
    pages = "1357--1366",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-unified,
    title = "A Unified Graph Model for Sentence-Based Opinion Retrieval",
    author = "Li, Binyang  and
      Zhou, Lanjun  and
      Feng, Shi  and
      Wong, Kam-Fai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1139",
    pages = "1367--1375",
}
@inproceedings{tata-di-eugenio-2010-generating,
    title = "Generating Fine-Grained Reviews of Songs from Album Reviews",
    author = "Tata, Swati  and
      Di Eugenio, Barbara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1140",
    pages = "1376--1385",
}
@inproceedings{paltoglou-thelwall-2010-study,
    title = "A Study of Information Retrieval Weighting Schemes for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Paltoglou, Georgios  and
      Thelwall, Mike",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1141",
    pages = "1386--1395",
}
@inproceedings{ng-2010-supervised,
    title = "Supervised Noun Phrase Coreference Research: The First Fifteen Years",
    author = "Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1142",
    pages = "1396--1411",
}
@inproceedings{bejan-harabagiu-2010-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Event Coreference Resolution with Rich Linguistic Features",
    author = "Bejan, Cosmin  and
      Harabagiu, Sanda",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1143",
    pages = "1412--1422",
}
@inproceedings{recasens-hovy-2010-coreference,
    title = "Coreference Resolution across Corpora: Languages, Coding Schemes, and Preprocessing Information",
    author = "Recasens, Marta  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1144",
    pages = "1423--1432",
}
@inproceedings{mi-liu-2010-constituency,
    title = "Constituency to Dependency Translation with Forests",
    author = "Mi, Haitao  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1145",
    pages = "1433--1442",
}
@inproceedings{chiang-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning to Translate with Source and Target Syntax",
    author = "Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1146",
    pages = "1443--1452",
}
@inproceedings{denero-klein-2010-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Modeling of Extraction Sets for Machine Translation",
    author = "DeNero, John  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1147",
    pages = "1453--1463",
}
@inproceedings{park-etal-2010-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Experiences from Weblogs",
    author = "Park, Keun Chan  and
      Jeong, Yoonjae  and
      Myaeng, Sung Hyon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1148",
    pages = "1464--1472",
}
@inproceedings{talukdar-pereira-2010-experiments,
    title = "Experiments in Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning Methods for Class-Instance Acquisition",
    author = "Talukdar, Partha Pratim  and
      Pereira, Fernando",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1149",
    pages = "1473--1481",
}
@inproceedings{kozareva-hovy-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning Arguments and Supertypes of Semantic Relations Using Recursive Patterns",
    author = "Kozareva, Zornitsa  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1150",
    pages = "1482--1491",
}
@inproceedings{gomez-rodriguez-nivre-2010-transition,
    title = "A Transition-Based Parser for 2-Planar Dependency Structures",
    author = "G{\'o}mez-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Carlos  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1151",
    pages = "1492--1501",
}
@inproceedings{cohen-smith-2010-viterbi,
    title = "{V}iterbi Training for {PCFG}s: Hardness Results and Competitiveness of Uniform Initialization",
    author = "Cohen, Shay  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1152",
    pages = "1502--1511",
}
@inproceedings{skala-etal-2010-generalized,
    title = "A Generalized-Zero-Preserving Method for Compact Encoding of Concept Lattices",
    author = "Skala, Matthew  and
      Krakovna, Victoria  and
      Kram{\'a}r, J{\'a}nos  and
      Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1153",
    pages = "1512--1521",
}
@inproceedings{ponzetto-navigli-2010-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge-Rich Word Sense Disambiguation Rivaling Supervised Systems",
    author = "Ponzetto, Simone Paolo  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1154",
    pages = "1522--1531",
}
@inproceedings{khapra-etal-2010-words,
    title = "All Words Domain Adapted {WSD}: Finding a Middle Ground between Supervision and Unsupervision",
    author = "Khapra, Mitesh  and
      Kulkarni, Anup  and
      Sohoney, Saurabh  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1155",
    pages = "1532--1541",
}
@inproceedings{guo-diab-2010-combining,
    title = "Combining Orthogonal Monolingual and Multilingual Sources of Evidence for All Words {WSD}",
    author = "Guo, Weiwei  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1156",
    pages = "1542--1551",
}
@inproceedings{mairesse-etal-2010-phrase,
    title = "Phrase-Based Statistical Language Generation Using Graphical Models and Active Learning",
    author = "Mairesse, Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Ga{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Milica  and
      Jur{\v{c}}{\'\i}{\v{c}}ek, Filip  and
      Keizer, Simon  and
      Thomson, Blaise  and
      Yu, Kai  and
      Young, Steve",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1157",
    pages = "1552--1561",
}
@inproceedings{mcintyre-lapata-2010-plot,
    title = "Plot Induction and Evolutionary Search for Story Generation",
    author = "McIntyre, Neil  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1158",
    pages = "1562--1572",
}
@inproceedings{garoufi-koller-2010-automated,
    title = "Automated Planning for Situated Natural Language Generation",
    author = "Garoufi, Konstantina  and
      Koller, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1159",
    pages = "1573--1582",
}
@inproceedings{gerber-chai-2010-beyond,
    title = "Beyond {N}om{B}ank: A Study of Implicit Arguments for Nominal Predicates",
    author = "Gerber, Matthew  and
      Chai, Joyce",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1160",
    pages = "1583--1592",
}
@proceedings{acl-2010-acl,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    author = "Haji{\v{c}}, Jan  and
      Carberry, Sandra  and
      Clark, Stephen  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2000",
}
@inproceedings{onishi-etal-2010-paraphrase,
    title = "Paraphrase Lattice for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Onishi, Takashi  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2001",
    pages = "1--5",
}
@inproceedings{cui-etal-2010-joint,
    title = "A Joint Rule Selection Model for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation",
    author = "Cui, Lei  and
      Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2002",
    pages = "6--11",
}
@inproceedings{su-etal-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning Lexicalized Reordering Models from Reordering Graphs",
    author = "Su, Jinsong  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Lv, Yajuan  and
      Mi, Haitao  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2003",
    pages = "12--16",
}
@inproceedings{cao-sumita-2010-filtering,
    title = "Filtering Syntactic Constraints for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Cao, Hailong  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2004",
    pages = "17--21",
}
@inproceedings{xiang-etal-2010-diversify,
    title = "Diversify and Combine: Improving Word Alignment for Machine Translation on Low-Resource Languages",
    author = "Xiang, Bing  and
      Deng, Yonggang  and
      Zhou, Bowen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2005",
    pages = "22--26",
}
@inproceedings{blackwood-etal-2010-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Path Counting Transducers for Minimum {B}ayes-Risk Decoding of Statistical Machine Translation Lattices",
    author = "Blackwood, Graeme  and
      de Gispert, Adri{\`a}  and
      Byrne, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2006",
    pages = "27--32",
}
@inproceedings{elsner-charniak-2010-head,
    title = "The Same-Head Heuristic for Coreference",
    author = "Elsner, Micha  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2007",
    pages = "33--37",
}
@inproceedings{raghavan-etal-2010-authorship,
    title = "Authorship Attribution Using Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars",
    author = "Raghavan, Sindhu  and
      Kovashka, Adriana  and
      Mooney, Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2008",
    pages = "38--42",
}
@inproceedings{dzikovska-etal-2010-impact,
    title = "The Impact of Interpretation Problems on Tutorial Dialogue",
    author = "Dzikovska, Myroslava O.  and
      Moore, Johanna D.  and
      Steinhauser, Natalie  and
      Campbell, Gwendolyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2009",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{hervas-finlayson-2010-prevalence,
    title = "The Prevalence of Descriptive Referring Expressions in News and Narrative",
    author = "Herv{\'a}s, Raquel  and
      Finlayson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2010",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{goudbeek-krahmer-2010-preferences,
    title = "Preferences versus Adaptation during Referring Expression Generation",
    author = "Goudbeek, Martijn  and
      Krahmer, Emiel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2011",
    pages = "55--59",
}
@inproceedings{keller-2010-cognitively,
    title = "Cognitively Plausible Models of Human Language Processing",
    author = "Keller, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2012",
    pages = "60--67",
}
@inproceedings{ide-etal-2010-manually,
    title = "The Manually Annotated Sub-Corpus: A Community Resource for and by the People",
    author = "Ide, Nancy  and
      Baker, Collin  and
      Fellbaum, Christiane  and
      Passonneau, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2013",
    pages = "68--73",
}
@inproceedings{kato-matsubara-2010-correcting,
    title = "Correcting Errors in a Treebank Based on Synchronous Tree Substitution Grammar",
    author = "Kato, Yoshihide  and
      Matsubara, Shigeki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2014",
    pages = "74--79",
}
@inproceedings{dobrinkat-etal-2010-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Machine Translations Using m{NCD}",
    author = {Dobrinkat, Marcus  and
      Tapiovaara, Tero  and
      V{\"a}yrynen, Jaakko  and
      Kettunen, Kimmo},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2015",
    pages = "80--85",
}
@inproceedings{bojar-etal-2010-tackling,
    title = "Tackling Sparse Data Issue in Machine Translation Evaluation",
    author = "Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej  and
      Kos, Kamil  and
      Mare{\v{c}}ek, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2016",
    pages = "86--91",
}
@inproceedings{erk-pado-2010-exemplar,
    title = "Exemplar-Based Models for Word Meaning in Context",
    author = "Erk, Katrin  and
      Pad{\'o}, Sebastian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2017",
    pages = "92--97",
}
@inproceedings{watanabe-etal-2010-structured,
    title = "A Structured Model for Joint Learning of Argument Roles and Predicate Senses",
    author = "Watanabe, Yotaro  and
      Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2018",
    pages = "98--102",
}
@inproceedings{sun-2010-semantics,
    title = "Semantics-Driven Shallow Parsing for {C}hinese Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Sun, Weiwei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2019",
    pages = "103--108",
}
@inproceedings{bouma-2010-collocation,
    title = "Collocation Extraction beyond the Independence Assumption",
    author = "Bouma, Gerlof",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2020",
    pages = "109--114",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2010-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Collocation Suggestion in Academic Writing",
    author = "Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Chang, Yu-Chia  and
      Mitamura, Teruko  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2021",
    pages = "115--119",
}
@inproceedings{yan-etal-2010-event,
    title = "Event-Based Hyperspace Analogue to Language for Query Expansion",
    author = "Yan, Tingxu  and
      Maxwell, Tamsin  and
      Song, Dawei  and
      Hou, Yuexian  and
      Zhang, Peng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2022",
    pages = "120--125",
}
@inproceedings{murthy-etal-2010-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Generating Term Frequency Induced Taxonomies",
    author = "Murthy, Karin  and
      Faruquie, Tanveer A  and
      Subramaniam, L Venkata  and
      K, Hima Prasad  and
      Mohania, Mukesh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2023",
    pages = "126--131",
}
@inproceedings{power-2010-complexity,
    title = "Complexity Assumptions in Ontology Verbalisation",
    author = "Power, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2024",
    pages = "132--136",
}
@inproceedings{shindo-etal-2010-word,
    title = "Word Alignment with Synonym Regularization",
    author = "Shindo, Hiroyuki  and
      Fujino, Akinori  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2025",
    pages = "137--141",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2010-better,
    title = "Better Filtration and Augmentation for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation Rules",
    author = "Wang, Zhiyang  and
      Lv, Yajuan  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Hwang, Young-Sook",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2026",
    pages = "142--146",
}
@inproceedings{sharif-razavian-vogel-2010-fixed,
    title = "Fixed Length Word Suffix for Factored Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Sharif Razavian, Narges  and
      Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2027",
    pages = "147--150",
}
@inproceedings{jeong-titov-2010-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Discourse Segmentation of Documents with Inherently Parallel Structure",
    author = "Jeong, Minwoo  and
      Titov, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2028",
    pages = "151--155",
}
@inproceedings{stoyanov-etal-2010-coreference,
    title = "Coreference Resolution with Reconcile",
    author = "Stoyanov, Veselin  and
      Cardie, Claire  and
      Gilbert, Nathan  and
      Riloff, Ellen  and
      Buttler, David  and
      Hysom, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2029",
    pages = "156--161",
}
@inproceedings{taira-etal-2010-predicate,
    title = "Predicate Argument Structure Analysis Using Transformation Based Learning",
    author = "Taira, Hirotoshi  and
      Fujita, Sanae  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2030",
    pages = "162--167",
}
@inproceedings{sun-2010-improving,
    title = "Improving {C}hinese Semantic Role Labeling with Rich Syntactic Features",
    author = "Sun, Weiwei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2031",
    pages = "168--172",
}
@inproceedings{gonzalez-rubio-etal-2010-balancing,
    title = "Balancing User Effort and Translation Error in Interactive Machine Translation via Confidence Measures",
    author = "Gonz{\'a}lez-Rubio, Jes{\'u}s  and
      Ortiz-Mart{\'\i}nez, Daniel  and
      Casacuberta, Francisco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2032",
    pages = "173--177",
}
@inproceedings{carpuat-etal-2010-improving,
    title = "Improving {A}rabic-to-{E}nglish Statistical Machine Translation by Reordering Post-Verbal Subjects for Alignment",
    author = "Carpuat, Marine  and
      Marton, Yuval  and
      Habash, Nizar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2033",
    pages = "178--183",
}
@inproceedings{iwata-etal-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning Common Grammar from Multilingual Corpus",
    author = "Iwata, Tomoharu  and
      Mochihashi, Daichi  and
      Sawada, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2034",
    pages = "184--188",
}
@inproceedings{kitagawa-tanaka-ishii-2010-tree,
    title = "Tree-Based Deterministic Dependency Parsing {---} An Application to {N}ivre{'}s Method {---}",
    author = "Kitagawa, Kotaro  and
      Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2035",
    pages = "189--193",
}
@inproceedings{gillenwater-etal-2010-sparsity,
    title = "Sparsity in Dependency Grammar Induction",
    author = "Gillenwater, Jennifer  and
      Ganchev, Kuzman  and
      Gra{\c{c}}a, Jo{\~a}o  and
      Pereira, Fernando  and
      Taskar, Ben",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2036",
    pages = "194--199",
}
@inproceedings{pauls-etal-2010-top,
    title = "Top-Down K-Best {A}* Parsing",
    author = "Pauls, Adam  and
      Klein, Dan  and
      Quirk, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2037",
    pages = "200--204",
}
@inproceedings{sogaard-2010-simple,
    title = "Simple Semi-Supervised Training of Part-Of-Speech Taggers",
    author = "S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2038",
    pages = "205--208",
}
@inproceedings{vaswani-etal-2010-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Optimization of an {MDL}-Inspired Objective Function for Unsupervised Part-Of-Speech Tagging",
    author = "Vaswani, Ashish  and
      Pauls, Adam  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2039",
    pages = "209--214",
}
@inproceedings{lamar-etal-2010-svd,
    title = "{SVD} and Clustering for Unsupervised {POS} Tagging",
    author = "Lamar, Michael  and
      Maron, Yariv  and
      Johnson, Mark  and
      Bienenstock, Elie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2040",
    pages = "215--219",
}
@inproceedings{moore-lewis-2010-intelligent,
    title = "Intelligent Selection of Language Model Training Data",
    author = "Moore, Robert C.  and
      Lewis, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2041",
    pages = "220--224",
}
@inproceedings{cohn-blunsom-2010-blocked,
    title = "Blocked Inference in {B}ayesian Tree Substitution Grammars",
    author = "Cohn, Trevor  and
      Blunsom, Phil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2042",
    pages = "225--230",
}
@inproceedings{van-durme-lall-2010-online,
    title = "Online Generation of Locality Sensitive Hash Signatures",
    author = "Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Lall, Ashwin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2043",
    pages = "231--235",
}
@inproceedings{heie-etal-2010-optimizing,
    title = "Optimizing Question Answering Accuracy by Maximizing Log-Likelihood",
    author = "Heie, Matthias H.  and
      Whittaker, Edward W. D.  and
      Furui, Sadaoki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2044",
    pages = "236--240",
}
@inproceedings{ben-aharon-etal-2010-generating,
    title = "Generating Entailment Rules from {F}rame{N}et",
    author = "Ben Aharon, Roni  and
      Szpektor, Idan  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2045",
    pages = "241--246",
}
@inproceedings{danescu-niculescu-mizil-lee-2010-dont,
    title = "Don{'}t {`}Have a Clue{'}? Unsupervised Co-Learning of Downward-Entailing Operators.",
    author = "Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian  and
      Lee, Lillian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2046",
    pages = "247--252",
}
@inproceedings{beigman-klebanov-etal-2010-vocabulary,
    title = "Vocabulary Choice as an Indicator of Perspective",
    author = "Beigman Klebanov, Beata  and
      Beigman, Eyal  and
      Diermeier, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2047",
    pages = "253--257",
}
@inproceedings{wei-pal-2010-cross,
    title = "Cross Lingual Adaptation: An Experiment on Sentiment Classifications",
    author = "Wei, Bin  and
      Pal, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2048",
    pages = "258--262",
}
@inproceedings{jakob-gurevych-2010-using,
    title = "Using Anaphora Resolution to Improve Opinion Target Identification in Movie Reviews",
    author = "Jakob, Niklas  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2049",
    pages = "263--268",
}
@inproceedings{choi-cardie-2010-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Sequential Learning for Extracting Opinions and Their Attributes",
    author = "Choi, Yejin  and
      Cardie, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2050",
    pages = "269--274",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2010-jointly,
    title = "Jointly Optimizing a Two-Step Conditional Random Field Model for Machine Transliteration and Its Fast Decoding Algorithm",
    author = "Yang, Dong  and
      Dixon, Paul  and
      Furui, Sadaoki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2051",
    pages = "275--280",
}
@inproceedings{benajiba-etal-2010-arabic,
    title = "{A}rabic Named Entity Recognition: Using Features Extracted from Noisy Data",
    author = "Benajiba, Yassine  and
      Zitouni, Imed  and
      Diab, Mona  and
      Rosso, Paolo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2052",
    pages = "281--285",
}
@inproceedings{fader-etal-2010-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Sequences from the Web",
    author = "Fader, Anthony  and
      Soderland, Stephen  and
      Etzioni, Oren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2053",
    pages = "286--290",
}
@inproceedings{haghighi-klein-2010-entity,
    title = "An Entity-Level Approach to Information Extraction",
    author = "Haghighi, Aria  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2054",
    pages = "291--295",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-semi,
    title = "A Semi-Supervised Key Phrase Extraction Approach: Learning from Title Phrases through a Document Semantic Network",
    author = "Li, Decong  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Wang, Wei  and
      Qu, Weiguang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2055",
    pages = "296--300",
}
@inproceedings{alumae-kurimo-2010-domain,
    title = "Domain Adaptation of Maximum Entropy Language Models",
    author = {Alum{\"a}e, Tanel  and
      Kurimo, Mikko},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2056",
    pages = "301--306",
}
@inproceedings{bui-peters-2010-decision,
    title = "Decision Detection Using Hierarchical Graphical Models",
    author = "Bui, Trung H.  and
      Peters, Stanley",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2057",
    pages = "307--312",
}
@inproceedings{ju-paek-2010-using,
    title = "Using Speech to Reply to {SMS} Messages While Driving: An In-Car Simulator User Study",
    author = "Ju, Yun-Cheng  and
      Paek, Tim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2058",
    pages = "313--317",
}
@inproceedings{navarretta-paggio-2010-classification,
    title = "Classification of Feedback Expressions in Multimodal Data",
    author = "Navarretta, Costanza  and
      Paggio, Patrizia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2059",
    pages = "318--324",
}
@inproceedings{nishikawa-etal-2010-optimizing,
    title = "Optimizing Informativeness and Readability for Sentiment Summarization",
    author = "Nishikawa, Hitoshi  and
      Hasegawa, Takaaki  and
      Matsuo, Yoshihiro  and
      Kikui, Genichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2060",
    pages = "325--330",
}
@inproceedings{becker-aharonson-2010-last,
    title = "Last but Definitely Not Least: On the Role of the Last Sentence in Automatic Polarity-Classification",
    author = "Becker, Israela  and
      Aharonson, Vered",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2061",
    pages = "331--335",
}
@inproceedings{yessenalina-etal-2010-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Generating Annotator Rationales to Improve Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Yessenalina, Ainur  and
      Choi, Yejin  and
      Cardie, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2062",
    pages = "336--341",
}
@inproceedings{kulick-2010-simultaneous,
    title = "Simultaneous Tokenization and Part-Of-Speech Tagging for {A}rabic without a Morphological Analyzer",
    author = "Kulick, Seth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2063",
    pages = "342--347",
}
@inproceedings{pauls-klein-2010-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical {A}* Parsing with Bridge Outside Scores",
    author = "Pauls, Adam  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2064",
    pages = "348--352",
}
@inproceedings{tetreault-etal-2010-using,
    title = "Using Parse Features for Preposition Selection and Error Detection",
    author = "Tetreault, Joel  and
      Foster, Jennifer  and
      Chodorow, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2065",
    pages = "353--358",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-distributional,
    title = "Distributional Similarity vs. {PU} Learning for Entity Set Expansion",
    author = "Li, Xiao-Li  and
      Zhang, Lei  and
      Liu, Bing  and
      Ng, See-Kiong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2066",
    pages = "359--364",
}
@inproceedings{ambati-etal-2010-active,
    title = "Active Learning-Based Elicitation for Semi-Supervised Word Alignment",
    author = "Ambati, Vamshi  and
      Vogel, Stephan  and
      Carbonell, Jaime",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2067",
    pages = "365--370",
}
@inproceedings{vickrey-etal-2010-active,
    title = "An Active Learning Approach to Finding Related Terms",
    author = "Vickrey, David  and
      Kipersztok, Oscar  and
      Koller, Daphne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2068",
    pages = "371--376",
}
@inproceedings{dhillon-etal-2010-learning,
    title = "Learning Better Data Representation Using Inference-Driven Metric Learning",
    author = "Dhillon, Paramveer S.  and
      Talukdar, Partha Pratim  and
      Crammer, Koby",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2069",
    pages = "377--381",
}
@inproceedings{steinberger-etal-2010-wrapping,
    title = "Wrapping up a Summary: From Representation to Generation",
    author = "Steinberger, Josef  and
      Turchi, Marco  and
      Kabadjov, Mijail  and
      Steinberger, Ralf  and
      Cristianini, Nello",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Conference Short Papers",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-2070",
    pages = "382--386",
}
@proceedings{acl-2010-acl-2010,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    author = "Demir, Seniz  and
      Raab, Jan  and
      Reiter, Nils  and
      Lopatkova, Marketa  and
      Strzalkowski, Tomek",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3000",
}
@inproceedings{pluss-2010-non,
    title = "Non-Cooperation in Dialogue",
    author = {Pl{\"u}ss, Brian},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{lison-2010-towards,
    title = "Towards Relational {POMDP}s for Adaptive Dialogue Management",
    author = "Lison, Pierre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{reddy-inumella-2010-wsd,
    title = "{WSD} as a Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem",
    author = "Reddy, Siva  and
      Inumella, Abhilash",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{sangati-2010-probabilistic,
    title = "A Probabilistic Generative Model for an Intermediate Constituency-Dependency Representation",
    author = "Sangati, Federico",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{scheible-2010-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Translation through Lexicon Induction",
    author = "Scheible, Christian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3005",
    pages = "25--30",
}
@inproceedings{mermer-2010-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Search for the Optimal Segmentation for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Mermer, Co{\c{s}}kun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3006",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{umanski-sangati-2010-spoken,
    title = "How Spoken Language Corpora Can Refine Current Speech Motor Training Methodologies",
    author = "Umanski, Daniil  and
      Sangati, Federico",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3007",
    pages = "37--42",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-2010-mood,
    title = "Mood Patterns and Affective Lexicon Access in Weblogs",
    author = "Nguyen, Thin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3008",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{zheng-etal-2010-growing,
    title = "Growing Related Words from Seed via User Behaviors: A Re-Ranking Based Approach",
    author = "Zheng, Yabin  and
      Liu, Zhiyuan  and
      Xie, Lixing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{haulrich-2010-transition,
    title = "Transition-Based Parsing with Confidence-Weighted Classification",
    author = "Haulrich, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{mcfate-2010-expanding,
    title = "Expanding Verb Coverage in Cyc with {V}erb{N}et",
    author = "McFate, Clifton",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3011",
    pages = "61--66",
}
@inproceedings{bogdanova-2010-framework,
    title = "A Framework for Figurative Language Detection Based on Sense Differentiation",
    author = "Bogdanova, Daria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3012",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@inproceedings{mcgillivray-2010-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Selectional Preference Acquisition for {L}atin Verbs",
    author = "McGillivray, Barbara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3013",
    pages = "73--78",
}
@inproceedings{franco-penya-2010-edit,
    title = "Edit Tree Distance Alignments for Semantic Role Labelling",
    author = "Franco-Penya, Hector-Hugo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3014",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{mittal-2010-automatic,
    title = "Automatic {S}anskrit Segmentizer Using Finite State Transducers",
    author = "Mittal, Vipul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3015",
    pages = "85--90",
}
@inproceedings{samad-zadeh-kaljahi-2010-adapting,
    title = "Adapting Self-Training for Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Samad Zadeh Kaljahi, Rasoul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3016",
    pages = "91--96",
}
@inproceedings{tremper-2010-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised Learning of Presupposition Relations between Verbs",
    author = "Tremper, Galina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3017",
    pages = "97--102",
}
@inproceedings{ambati-2010-importance,
    title = "Importance of Linguistic Constraints in Statistical Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Ambati, Bharat Ram",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3018",
    pages = "103--108",
}
@inproceedings{porta-2010-use,
    title = "The Use of Formal Language Models in the Typology of the Morphology of Amerindian Languages",
    author = "Porta, Andr{\'e}s Osvaldo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-3019",
    pages = "109--114",
}
@proceedings{acl-2010-acl-2010-system,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    author = {K{\"u}bler, Sandra},
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4000",
}
@inproceedings{bender-etal-2010-grammar,
    title = "Grammar Prototyping and Testing with the {L}in{GO} Grammar Matrix Customization System",
    author = "Bender, Emily M.  and
      Drellishak, Scott  and
      Fokkens, Antske  and
      Goodman, Michael Wayne  and
      Mills, Daniel P.  and
      Poulson, Laurie  and
      Saleem, Safiyyah",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{dyer-etal-2010-cdec,
    title = "cdec: A Decoder, Alignment, and Learning Framework for Finite-State and Context-Free Translation Models",
    author = "Dyer, Chris  and
      Lopez, Adam  and
      Ganitkevitch, Juri  and
      Weese, Jonathan  and
      Ture, Ferhan  and
      Blunsom, Phil  and
      Setiawan, Hendra  and
      Eidelman, Vladimir  and
      Resnik, Philip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{dzikovska-etal-2010-beetle,
    title = "Beetle {II}: A System for Tutoring and Computational Linguistics Experimentation",
    author = "Dzikovska, Myroslava O.  and
      Moore, Johanna D.  and
      Steinhauser, Natalie  and
      Campbell, Gwendolyn  and
      Farrow, Elaine  and
      Callaway, Charles B.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{henrich-hinrichs-2010-gernedit,
    title = "{G}ern{E}di{T} - The {G}erma{N}et Editing Tool",
    author = "Henrich, Verena  and
      Hinrichs, Erhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{hinrichs-etal-2010-weblicht,
    title = "{W}eb{L}icht: Web-Based {LRT} Services for {G}erman",
    author = "Hinrichs, Erhard  and
      Hinrichs, Marie  and
      Zastrow, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4005",
    pages = "25--29",
}
@inproceedings{jurgens-stevens-2010-space,
    title = "The S-Space Package: An Open Source Package for Word Space Models",
    author = "Jurgens, David  and
      Stevens, Keith",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4006",
    pages = "30--35",
}
@inproceedings{kluwer-etal-2010-talking,
    title = "Talking {NPC}s in a Virtual Game World",
    author = {Kl{\"u}wer, Tina  and
      Adolphs, Peter  and
      Xu, Feiyu  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans  and
      Cheng, Xiwen},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4007",
    pages = "36--41",
}
@inproceedings{kouylekov-negri-2010-open,
    title = "An Open-Source Package for Recognizing Textual Entailment",
    author = "Kouylekov, Milen  and
      Negri, Matteo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4008",
    pages = "42--47",
}
@inproceedings{kurimo-etal-2010-personalising,
    title = "Personalising Speech-To-Speech Translation in the {EMIME} Project",
    author = {Kurimo, Mikko  and
      Byrne, William  and
      Dines, John  and
      Garner, Philip N.  and
      Gibson, Matthew  and
      Guan, Yong  and
      Hirsim{\"a}ki, Teemu  and
      Karhila, Reima  and
      King, Simon  and
      Liang, Hui  and
      Oura, Keiichiro  and
      Saheer, Lakshmi  and
      Shannon, Matt  and
      Shiota, Sayaki  and
      Tian, Jilei},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4009",
    pages = "48--53",
}
@inproceedings{leidner-schilder-2010-hunting,
    title = "Hunting for the Black Swan: Risk Mining from Text",
    author = "Leidner, Jochen  and
      Schilder, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4010",
    pages = "54--59",
}
@inproceedings{mishra-bangalore-2010-speech,
    title = "Speech-Driven Access to the Deep Web on Mobile Devices",
    author = "Mishra, Taniya  and
      Bangalore, Srinivas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4011",
    pages = "60--65",
}
@inproceedings{ranta-etal-2010-tools,
    title = "Tools for Multilingual Grammar-Based Translation on the Web",
    author = "Ranta, Aarne  and
      Angelov, Krasimir  and
      Hallgren, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4012",
    pages = "66--71",
}
@inproceedings{wilks-etal-2010-demonstration,
    title = "Demonstration of a Prototype for a Conversational Companion for Reminiscing about Images",
    author = "Wilks, Yorick  and
      Catizone, Roberta  and
      Dingli, Alexiei  and
      Cheng, Weiwei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4013",
    pages = "72--77",
}
@inproceedings{zhong-ng-2010-makes,
    title = "It Makes Sense: A Wide-Coverage Word Sense Disambiguation System for Free Text",
    author = "Zhong, Zhi  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2010 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4014",
    pages = "78--83",
}
@proceedings{acl-2010-association-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    author = "M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Wang, Haifeng",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-5000",
}
@inproceedings{hockenmaier-etal-2010-wide,
    title = "Wide-Coverage {NLP} with Linguistically Expressive Grammars",
    author = "Hockenmaier, Julia  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Genabith, Josef van",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-5001",
    pages = "1",
}
@inproceedings{liu-huang-2010-tree,
    title = "Tree-Based and Forest-Based Translation",
    author = "Liu, Yang  and
      Huang, Liang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-5002",
    pages = "2",
}
@inproceedings{webber-etal-2010-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Structure: Theory, Practice and Use",
    author = "Webber, Bonnie  and
      Egg, Markus  and
      Kordoni, Valia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-5003",
    pages = "3",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-2010-annotation,
    title = "Annotation",
    author = "Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-5004",
    pages = "4",
}
@inproceedings{daume-iii-2010-structured,
    title = "From Structured Prediction to Inverse Reinforcement Learning",
    author = "Daum{\'e} III, Hal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-5005",
    pages = "5",
}
@inproceedings{kate-wong-2010-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing: The Task, the State of the Art and the Future",
    author = "Kate, Rohit J.  and
      Wong, Yuk Wah",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Uppsala, Sweden",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-5006",
    pages = "6",
}
@proceedings{ws-1990-nordic,
    title = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    author = {Pind, J{\"o}rgen  and
      R{\"o}gnvaldsson, Eir{\'\i}kur},
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0100",
}
@inproceedings{briem-1990-automatisk,
    title = "Automatisk morfologisk analyse af islandsk tekst (Automatic morphological analysis of {I}celandic text) [In {D}anish]",
    author = "Briem, Stef{\'a}n",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0101",
    pages = "3--13",
}
@inproceedings{ejerhed-1990-swedish,
    title = "A {S}wedish Clause Grammar And Its Implementation",
    author = "Ejerhed, Eva",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0102",
    pages = "14--29",
}
@inproceedings{gustafsson-1990-handelsestyrd,
    title = {H{\"a}ndelsestyrd textgenerering (Event-driven text generation) [In {S}wedish]},
    author = "Gustafsson, Lars M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0103",
    pages = "30--40",
}
@inproceedings{hansen-1990-pa,
    title = "P{\aa} vej mod en fagsproglig tekstfortolker? (Towards a specialized text interpreter?) [In {D}anish]",
    author = "Hansen, Steffen Leo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0104",
    pages = "41--50",
}
@inproceedings{johannessen-1990-two,
    title = "Is Two-level Morphology a Morphological Model?",
    author = "Johannessen, Janne Bondi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0105",
    pages = "51--59",
}
@inproceedings{kallgren-1990-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Indexing and Generating of Content Graphs from Unrestricted Text",
    author = {K{\"a}llgren, Gunnel},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0106",
    pages = "60--76",
}
@inproceedings{koch-1990-computational,
    title = "Computational Man-Machine Interaction in Simple Natural Language",
    author = "Koch, Gregers",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0107",
    pages = "77--85",
}
@inproceedings{zlatev-1990-criteria,
    title = "Criteria for Computational Models of Morphology: The Two-Level Model as an {NLP} Framework",
    author = "Zlatev, Jordan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0108",
    pages = "86--100",
}
@inproceedings{andersen-1990-close,
    title = "How Close Can We Get to the Ideal of Simple Transfer in Multi-lingual Machine Translation ({MT})?",
    author = "Andersen, Poul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0109",
    pages = "103--113",
}
@inproceedings{bech-1990-design,
    title = "The Design and Application of a Domain Specific Knowledgebase in the {TACITUS} Text Understanding System",
    author = "Bech, Annelise",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0110",
    pages = "114--126",
}
@inproceedings{braasch-1990-udnyttelse,
    title = "Udnyttelse af maskinl{\ae}sbare ordbogsdata til maskinovers{\ae}ttelse (Utilization of machine-readable dictionary data for machine translation) [In {D}anish]",
    author = "Braasch, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0111",
    pages = "127--137",
}
@inproceedings{briem-1990-maskinoversaettelse,
    title = "Maskinovers{\ae}ttelse fra esperanto til islandsk (Machine translation from {E}speranto to {I}celandic) [In {D}anish]",
    author = "Briem, Stef{\'a}n",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0112",
    pages = "138--145",
}
@inproceedings{boggild-andersen-1990-valence,
    title = "Valence Frames Used for Syntactic Disambiguation in the {EUROTRA}-{DK} Model",
    author = "B{\o}ggild-Andersen, Boel Victoria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0113",
    pages = "146--156",
}
@inproceedings{fersoe-1990-representational,
    title = "Representational Issues within Eurotra",
    author = "Fers{\o}e, Hanne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0114",
    pages = "157--169",
}
@inproceedings{gawronska-werngren-1990-identifiering,
    title = {Identifiering av diskursrefenter vid maskin{\"o}vers{\"a}ttning fr{\aa}n ryska till svenska (Identification of dicourse references in machine translation from {R}ussian to {S}wedish) [In {S}wedish]},
    author = "Gawro{\'n}ska-Werngren, Barbara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0115",
    pages = "170--182",
}
@inproceedings{jaeger-1990-text,
    title = "Text Treatment and Morphology in the Analysis of {D}anish within {EUROTRA}",
    author = "J{\ae}ger, Niels",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0116",
    pages = "183--190",
}
@inproceedings{kirchmeier-andersen-1990-coordination,
    title = "Coordination in Eurotra",
    author = "Kirchmeier-Andersen, Sabine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0117",
    pages = "191--203",
}
@inproceedings{magnusdottir-1990-collocations,
    title = "Collocations in Knowledge Based Machine Translation",
    author = "Magn{\'u}sd{\'o}ttir, Gu{\dh}r{\'u}n",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0118",
    pages = "204--207",
}
@inproceedings{nohr-pedersen-1990-treatment,
    title = "The Treatment of Support Verbs and Predicative Nouns in {D}anish",
    author = "N{\o}hr Pedersen, Susanne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0119",
    pages = "208--217",
}
@inproceedings{schubert-1990-kunskap,
    title = {Kunskap om v{\"a}rlden eller kunskap om texten? (Knowledge about the world or knowledge about the text?) [In {S}wedish]},
    author = "Schubert, Klaus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0120",
    pages = "218--228",
}
@inproceedings{sigurd-1990-erfarenheter,
    title = "Erfarenheter av Swetra{--}ett svenskt {MT}-experiment (Experiences from Swetra{--}A {S}wedish {MT} experiment) [In {S}wedish]",
    author = "Sigurd, Bengt",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0121",
    pages = "229--236",
}
@inproceedings{togeby-1990-translation,
    title = "Translation of Prepositions by Neural Networks",
    author = "Togeby, Ole",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0122",
    pages = "237--249",
}
@inproceedings{utne-1990-machine,
    title = "Machine Aided Translation between the Two {N}orwegian Languages {N}orwegian-{B}okm{\aa}l and {N}orwegian-Nynorsk",
    author = "Utne, Ivar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0123",
    pages = "250--259",
}
@inproceedings{holmboe-1990-dansk,
    title = "Dansk radi{\ae}rordbog (The {D}anish Radial Dictionary) [In {D}anish]",
    author = "Holmboe, Henrik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0124",
    pages = "263--267",
}
@inproceedings{jonsson-1990-standardized,
    title = "A Standardized Dictionary of {I}celandic Verbs",
    author = "J{\'o}nsson, J{\'o}n Hilmar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0125",
    pages = "268--296",
}
@inproceedings{jonsson-1990-application,
    title = "Application-Dependent Discourse Management for Natural Language Interfaces: An Empirical Investigation",
    author = {J{\"o}nsson, Arne},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0126",
    pages = "297--307",
}
@inproceedings{pind-1990-computers,
    title = "Computers, Typesetting, and Lexicography",
    author = {Pind, J{\"o}rgen},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0127",
    pages = "308--325",
}
@inproceedings{svavarsson-pind-1990-database,
    title = "Database Systems for Lexicographic Work",
    author = {Svavarsson, Bj{\"o}rn {\TH}.  and
      Pind, J{\"o}rgen},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0128",
    pages = "326--341",
}
@inproceedings{sagvall-hein-1990-lemmatising,
    title = "Lemmatising the Definitions of Svensk Ordbok by Morphological and Syntactic Analysis. A Pilot Study",
    author = "S{\aa}gvall Hein, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0129",
    pages = "342--357",
}
@inproceedings{utne-1990-included,
    title = "What Should be Included in a Commercial Word Data Base, and Why?",
    author = "Utne, Ivar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1989)",
    year = "1990",
    address = "Reykjav{\'\i}k, Iceland",
    publisher = "Institute of Lexicography, Institute of Linguistics, University of Iceland, Iceland",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0130",
    pages = "358--371",
}
@proceedings{ws-1989-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    author = "Tomita, Masaru",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0200",
    pages = "i--vii",
}
@inproceedings{kasper-1989-unification,
    title = "Unification and Classification: An Experiment in Information-Based Parsing",
    author = "Kasper, Robert T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0201",
    pages = "1--7",
    abstract = "When dealing with a phenomenon as vast and com plex as natural language, an experimental approach is often the best way to discover new computational methods and determine their usefulness. The experimental process includes designing and selecting new experiments, carrying out the experiments, and evaluating the experiments. Most conference presentations are about finished experiments, completed theoretical results, or the evaluation of systems already in use. In this workshop setting, I would like to depart from this tendency to discuss some experiments that we are beginning to perform, and the reasons for investigating a particular approach to parsing. This approach builds on recent work in unification-based parsing and classification-based knowledge representation, developing an architecture that brings together the capabilities of these related frameworks.",
}
@inproceedings{gerdemann-1989-using,
    title = "Using Restriction to Optimize Unification Parsing",
    author = "Gerdemann, Dale",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0202",
    pages = "8--17",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{maxwell-iii-kaplan-1989-overview,
    title = "An Overview of Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction",
    author = "Maxwell III, John T.  and
      Kaplan, Ronald M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0203",
    pages = "18--27",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{lang-1989-uniform,
    title = "A Uniform Formal Framework for Parsing",
    author = "Lang, Bernard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0204",
    pages = "28--42",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{satta-stock-1989-head,
    title = "Head-Driven Bidirectional Parsing: A Tabular Method",
    author = "Satta, Giorgio  and
      Stock, Oliviero",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0205",
    pages = "43--51",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{kay-1989-head,
    title = "Head-Driven Parsing",
    author = "Kay, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0206",
    pages = "52--62",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{gibson-1989-parsing,
    title = "Parsing with Principles: Predicting a Phrasal Node Before Its Head Appears",
    author = "Gibson, Edward",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0207",
    pages = "63--74",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{fong-berwick-1989-computational,
    title = "The Computational Implementation of Principle-Based Parsers",
    author = "Fong, Sandiway  and
      Berwick, Robert C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0208",
    pages = "75--84",
    abstract = "This paper addresses the issue of how to organize linguistic principles for efficient processing. Based on the general characterization of principles in terms of purely computational properties, the effects of principle-ordering on parser performance are investigated. A novel parser that exploits the possible variation in principle-ordering to dynamically re-order principles is described. Heuristics for minimizing the amount of unnecessary work performed during the parsing process are also discussed.",
}
@inproceedings{fujisaki-etal-1989-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Parsing Method for Sentence Disambiguation",
    author = "Fujisaki, T.  and
      Jelinek, F.  and
      Cocke, J.  and
      Black, E.  and
      Nishino, T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0209",
    pages = "85--94",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{su-etal-1989-sequential,
    title = "A Sequential Truncation Parsing Algorithm Based on the Score Function",
    author = "Su, Keh-Yih  and
      Wang, Jong-Nae  and
      Su, Mei-Hui  and
      Chang, Jing-Shin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0210",
    pages = "95--104",
    abstract = "In a natural language processing system, a large amount of ambiguity and a large branching factor are hindering factors in obtaining the desired analysis for a given sentence in a short time. In this paper, we are proposing a sequential truncation parsing algorithm to reduce the searching space and thus lowering the parsing time. The algorithm is based on a score function which takes the advantages of probabilistic characteristics of syntactic information in the sentences. A preliminary test on this algorithm was conducted with a special version of our machine translation system, the ARCHTRAN, and an encouraging result was observed.",
}
@inproceedings{wright-wrigley-1989-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic {LR} Parsing for Speech Recognition",
    author = "Wright, J. H.  and
      Wrigley, E. N.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0211",
    pages = "105--114",
    abstract = "An LR parser for probabilistic context-free grammars is described. Each of the standard versions of parser generator (SLR, canonical and LALR) may be applied. A graph-structured stack permits action conflicts and allows the parser to be used with uncertain input, typical of speech recognition applications. The sentence uncertainty is measured using entropy and is significantly lower for the grammar than for a first-order Markov model.",
}
@inproceedings{huber-1989-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Speech for Structure and Prominence",
    author = "Huber, Dieter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0212",
    pages = "115--125",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{kita-etal-1989-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Continuous Speech by {HMM}-{LR} Method",
    author = "Kita, Kenji  and
      Kawabata, Takeshi  and
      Saito, Hiroaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0213",
    pages = "126--131",
    abstract = "This paper describes a speech parsing method called HMM-LR. In HMM-LR, an LR parsing table is used to predict phones in speech input, and the system drives an HMM-based speech recognizer directly without any intervening structures such as a phone lattice. Very accurate, efficient speech parsing is achieved through the integrated processes of speech recognition and language analysis. The HMM-LR m ethod is applied to large-vocabulary speaker-dependent Japanese phrase recognition. The recognition rate is 87.1{\%} for the top candidates and 97.7{\%} for the five best candidates.",
}
@inproceedings{kogure-1989-parsing,
    title = "Parsing {J}apanese Spoken Sentences Based on {HPSG}",
    author = "Kogure, Kiyoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0214",
    pages = "132--141",
    abstract = "An analysis method for Japanese spoken sentences based on HPSG has been developed. Any analysis module for the interpreting telephony task requires the following capabilities: (i) the module must be able to treat spoken-style sentences; and, (ii) the module must be able to take, as its input, lattice-like structures which include both correct and incorrect constituent candidates of a speech recognition module. To satisfy these requirements, an analysis method has been developed, which consists of a grammar designed for treating spoken-style Japanese sentences and a parser designed for taking as its input speech recognition output lattices. The analysis module based on this method is used as part of the NADINE (Natural Dialogue Interpretation Expert) system and the SL-TRANS (Spoken Language Translation) system.",
}
@inproceedings{van-zuijlen-1989-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Methods in Dependency Grammar Parsing",
    author = "van Zuijlen, Job M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0215",
    pages = "142--151",
    abstract = "Authentic text as found in corpora cannot be described completely by a formal system, such as a set of grammar rules. As robust parsing is a prerequisite for any practical natural language processing system, there is certainly a need for techniques that go beyond merely formal approaches. Various possibilities, such as the use of simulated annealing, have been proposed recently and we have looked at their suitability for the parse process of the DLT machine translation system, which will use a large structured bilingual corpus as its main linguistic knowledge source. Our findings are that parsing is not the type of task that should be tackled solely through simulated annealing or similar stochastic optimization techniques but that a controlled application of probabilistic methods is essential for the performance of a corpus-based parser. On the basis of our explorative research we have planned a number of small-scale implementations in the near future.",
}
@inproceedings{wall-wittenburg-1989-predictive,
    title = "Predictive Normal Forms for Composition in Categorical Grammars",
    author = "Wall, Robert E.  and
      Wittenburg, Kent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0216",
    pages = "152--161",
    abstract = "Extensions to Categorial Grammars proposed to account for nonconstitutent conjunction and long-distance dependencies introduce the problem of equivalent derivations, an issue we have characterized as spurious ambiguity from the parsing perspective. In Wittenburg (1987) a proposal was made for compiling Categorial Grammars into predictive forms in order to solve the spurious ambiguity problem. This paper investigates formal properties o f grammars that use predictive versions of function composition. Among our results are (1) that grammars with predictive composition are in general equivalent to the originals if and only if a restriction on predictive rules is applied, (2) that modulo this restriction, the predictive grammars have indeed eliminated the problem of spurious ambiguity, and (3) that the issue o f equivalence is decidable, i.e., for any particular grammar, whether one needs to apply the restriction or not to ensure equivalence is a decidable question.",
}
@inproceedings{steedman-1989-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Spoken Language Using Combinatory Grammars",
    author = "Steedman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0217",
    pages = "162--171",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{vijay-shanker-weir-1989-recognition,
    title = "Recognition of Combinatory Categorial Grammars and Linear Indexed Grammars",
    author = "Vijay-Shanker, K.  and
      Weir, David J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0218",
    pages = "172--181",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{nozohoor-farshi-1989-handling,
    title = "Handling of Ill-Designed Grammars in Tomita{'}s Parsing Algorithm",
    author = "Nozohoor-Farshi, Rohman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0219",
    pages = "182--192",
    abstract = "In this paper, we show that some non-cyclic context-free grammars with $\varepsilon$-rules cannot be handled by Tomita{'}s algorithm properly. We describe a modified version of the algorithm which remedies the problem.",
}
@inproceedings{kipps-1989-analysis,
    title = "Analysis of Tomita{'}s Algorithm for General Context-Free Parsing",
    author = "Kipps, James R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0220",
    pages = "193--202",
    abstract = "A variation on Tomita{'}s algorithm is analyzed in regards to its time and space complexity. It is shown to have a general time bound of $0(n^{\tilde{\rho}+1})$, where $n$ is the length of the input string and $\rho$ is the length of the longest production. A modified algorithm is presented in which the time bound is reduced to $0(n^3)$. The space complexity of Tomita{'}s algorithm is shown to be proportional to $n^2$ in the worst case and is changed by at most a constant factor with the modification. Empirical results are used to illustrate the trade off between time and space on a simple example. A discussion of two subclasses of context-free grammars that can be recognized in $0(n^2)$ and $O(n)$ is also included.",
}
@inproceedings{johnson-1989-computational,
    title = "The Computational Complexity of Tomita{'}s Algorithm",
    author = "Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0221",
    pages = "203--208",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{seneff-1989-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Parsing for Spoken Language Applications",
    author = "Seneff, Stephanie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0222",
    pages = "209--218",
    abstract = "A new natural language system, TINA, has been developed for applications involving spoken language tasks, which integrate key ideas from context free grammars, Augmented Transition Networks (ATN{'}s) [6], and Lexical Functional Grammars (LFG{'}s) [1]. The parser uses a best-first strategy, with probability assignments on all arcs obtained automatically from a set of example sentences. An initial context-free grammar, derived from the example sentences, is first converted to a probabilistic network structure. Control includes both top-down and bottom-up cycles, and key parameters are passed among nodes to deal with long-distance movement, agreement, and semantic constraints. The probabilities provide a natural mechanism for exploring more common grammatical constructions first. One novel feature of TINA is that it provides an atuomatic sentence generation capability, which has been very effective for identifying overgeneration problems. A fully integrated spoken language system using this parser is under development.",
}
@inproceedings{mcclelland-1989-connectionist,
    title = "Connectionist Models of Language",
    author = "McClelland, James L.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0223",
    pages = "219--220",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{jain-waibel-1989-connectionist,
    title = "A Connectionist Parser Aimed at Spoken Language",
    author = "Jain, Ajay  and
      Waibel, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0224",
    pages = "221--229",
    abstract = "We describe a connectionist model which learns to parse single sentences from sequential word input. A parse in the connectionist network contains information about role assignment, prepositional attachment, relative clause structure, and subordinate clause structure. The trained network displays several interesting types of behavior. These include predictive ability, tolerance to certain corruptions of input word sequences, and some generalization capability. We report on experiments in which a small number of sentence types have been successfully learned by a network. Work is in progress on a larger database. Application of this type of connectionist model to the area of spoken language processing is discussed.",
}
@inproceedings{kitano-etal-1989-massively,
    title = "Massively Parallel Parsing in $\Phi$DmDialog: Integrated Architecture for Parsing Speech Inputs",
    author = "Kitano, Hiroaki  and
      Mitamura, Teruko  and
      Tomita, Masaru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0225",
    pages = "230--239",
    abstract = "This paper describes the parsing scheme in the $\Phi$DmDialog speech-to-speech dialog translation system, with special emphasis on the integration of speech and natural language processing. We propose an integrated architecture for parsing speech inputs based on a parallel marker-passing scheme and attaining dynamic participation of knowledge from the phonological-level to the discourse-level. At the phonological level, we employ a stochastic model using a transition matrix and a confusion matrix and markers which carry a probability measure. At a higher level, syntactic/semantic and discourse processing, we integrate a case-based and constraint-based scheme in a consistent manner so that a priori probability and constraints, which reflect linguistic and discourse factors, are provided to the phonological level of processing. A probability/cost-based scheme in our model enables ambiguity resolution at various levels using one uniform principle.",
}
@inproceedings{nijholt-1989-parallel,
    title = "Parallel Parsing Strategies in Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Nijholt, Anton",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0226",
    pages = "240--253",
    abstract = "We present a concise survey of approaches to the context-free parsing problem of natural languages in parallel environments. The discussion includes parsing schemes which use more than one traditional parser, schemes where separate processes are assigned to the {`}non-deterministic{'} choices during parsing, schemes where the number of processes depends on the length of the sentence being parsed, and schemes where the number of processes depends on the grammar size rather than on the input length. In addition we discuss a connectionist approach to the parsing problem.",
}
@inproceedings{hausser-1989-complexity,
    title = "Complexity and Decidability in Left-Associative Grammar",
    author = "Hausser, Roland",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0227",
    pages = "254--263",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{shann-1989-selection,
    title = "The selection of a parsing strategy for an on-line machine translation system in a sublanguage domain. A new practical comparison",
    author = "Shann, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0228",
    pages = "264--276",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{black-1989-finite,
    title = "Finite State Machines from Feature Grammars",
    author = "Black, Alan W",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0229",
    pages = "277--285",
    abstract = "This paper describes the conversion of a set of feature grammar rules into a deterministic finite state machine that accepts the same language (or at least a well-defined related language). First the reasoning behind why this is an interesting thing to do within the Edinburgh speech recogniser project, is discussed. Then details about the compilation algorithm are given. Finally, there is some discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this method of implementing feature based grammar formalisms.",
}
@inproceedings{yamai-etal-1989-effective,
    title = "An Effective Enumeration Algorithm of Parses for Ambiguous {CFL}",
    author = "Yamai, Nariyoshi  and
      Seko, Tadashi  and
      Kubo, Noboru  and
      Kawata, Toru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0230",
    pages = "286--296",
    abstract = "An efficient algorithm that enumerates parses of ambiguous context-free languages is described, and its time and space complexities are discussed. When context-free parsers are used for natural language parsing, pattern recognition, and so forth, there may be a great number of parses for a sentence. One common strategy for efficient enumeration of parses is to assign an appropriate weight to each production, and to enumerate parses in the order of the total weight of all applied production. However, the existing algorithms taking this strategy can be applied only to the problems of limited areas such as regular languages; in the other areas only inefficient exhaustive searches are known. In this paper, we first introduce a hierarchical graph suitable for enumeration. Using this graph, enumeration of parses in the order of acceptablity is equivalent to finding paths of this graph in the order of length. Then, we present an efficient enumeration algorithm with this graph, which can be applied to arbitrary context-free grammars. For enumeration of $k$ parses in the order of the total weight of all applied productions, the time and space complexities of our algorithm are $0(n^3 + kn^2)$ and $0(n^3 + kn)$, respectively.",
}
@inproceedings{weber-1989-morphological,
    title = "A Morphological Parser for Linguistic Exploration",
    author = "Weber, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0231",
    pages = "297--308",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{adriaens-1989-parallel,
    title = "The Parallel Expert Parser: A Meaning-Oriented, Lexically-Guided, Parallel-Interactive Model of Natural Language Understanding",
    author = "Adriaens, G.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0232",
    pages = "309--319",
    abstract = "The Parallel Expert Parser (PEP) is a natural language analysis model belonging to the interactive model paradigm that stresses the parallel interaction of relatively small distributed knowledge components to arrive at the meaning of a fragment of text. It borrows the idea of words as basic dynamic entities triggering a set of interactive processes from the Word Expert Parser (Small 1980), but tries to improve on the clarity of interactive processes and on the organization of lexically-distributed knowledge. As of now, especially the procedural aspects have received attention: instead of having wild-running uncontrollable interactions, PEP restricts the interactions to explicit communications on a structured blackboard; the communication protocols are a compromise betwenn maximum parallelism and controllability. At the same time, it is no longer just words that trigger processes; words create larger units (constituents), that are in turn interacting entities on a higher level. Lexical experts contribute their associated knowledge, create higher-level experts, and die away. The linguists define the levels to be considered, and write expert processes in a language that tries to hide the procedural aspects of the parallel-interactive model from them. Problems include the possiblity of deadlock situations when processes wait infinitely for each other, the way to efficiently pursue different alternatives (as of now, the system just uses don{'}t-care determinism), and testing whether the protocols allow linguists to fully express their needs. PEP has been implemented in Flat Concurrent Prolog, using the Logix programming environment. Current research is oriented more towards the problem of distributed knowledge representation. Abstractions and generalizations across lexical experts could be made using principles from object-oriented programming (introducing generic, prototypical experts; cp. Hahn 1987). Thoughts also go in the direction of an integration of the coarse-grained parallelism with knowledge representation in a fine-grained parallel (connectionist) way.",
}
@inproceedings{thompson-1989-chart,
    title = "Chart Parsing for Loosely Coupled Parallel Systems",
    author = "Thompson, Henry S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0233",
    pages = "320--328",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{tanaka-numazaki-1989-parallel,
    title = "Parallel Generalized {LR} Parsing based on Logic Programming",
    author = "Tanaka, Hozumi  and
      Numazaki, Hiroaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0234",
    pages = "329--338",
    abstract = "A generalized LR parsing algorithm, which has been developed by Tomita [Tomita 86], can treat a context free grammar. His algorithm makes use of breadth first strategy when a conflict occcurs in a LR parsing table. It is well known that the breadth first strategy is suitable for parallel processing. This paper presents an algorithm of a parallel parsing system (PLR) based on a generalized LR parsing. PLR is implemented in GHC [Ueda 85] that is a concurrent logic programming language developed by Japanese 5th generation computer project. The feature of PLR is as follows: Each entry of a LR parsing table is regarded as a process which handles shift and reduce operations. If a process discovers a conflict in a LR parsing table, it activates subprocesses which conduct shift and reduce operations. These subprocesses run in parallel and simulate breadth first strategy. There is no need to make some subprocesses synchronize during parsing. Stack information is sent to each subprocesses from their parent process. A simple experiment for parsing a sentence revealed the fact that PLR runs faster than PAX [Matsumoto 87][Matsumoto 89] that has been known as the best parallel parser.",
}
@inproceedings{schabes-joshi-1989-relevance,
    title = "The Relevance of Lexicalization to Parsing",
    author = "Schabes, Yves  and
      Joshi, Aravind K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0235",
    pages = "339--349",
    abstract = "In this paper, we investigate the processing of the so-called {`}lexicalized{'} grammar. In {`}lexicalized{'} grammars (Schabes, Abeille and Joshi, 1988), each elementary structure is systema tically associated with a lexical {`}head{'}. These structures specify extended domains of locality (as compared to CFGs) over which constraints can be stated. The {`}grammar{'} consists of a lexicon where each lexical item is associated with a finite number of structures for which that item is the {`}head{'} . There are no separate grammar rules. There are, of course, {`}rules{'} which tell us how these structures are combined. A general two-pass parsing strategy for {`}lexicalized{'} grammars follows naturally. In the first stage, the parser selects a set of elementary structures associated with the lexical items in the input sentence, and in the second stage the sentence is parsed with respect to this set. We evaluate this strategy with respect to two characteristics. First, the amount of filtering on the entire grammar is evaluated: once the first pass is performed, the parser uses only a subset of the grammar. Second, we evaluate the use of non-local information: the structures selected during the first pass encode the morphological value (and therefore the position in the string) of their {`}head{'}; this enables the parser to use non-local in form ation to guide its search. We take Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars as an in stance of lexicalized grammar. We illustrate the organization of the grammar. Then we show how a general Earley-type TAG parser (Schabes and Joshi, 1988) can take advantage of lexicalization. Empirical data show that the filtering of the grammar and the non-local in formation provided by the two-pass strategy improve the performance of the parser. We explain how constraints over the elementary structures expressed by unification equations can be parsed by a simple extension of the Earley-type TAG parser. Lexicalization guarantees termination of the algorithm without special devices such as restrictors.",
}
@inproceedings{marino-1989-framework,
    title = "A Framework for the Development of Natural Language Grammars",
    author = "Marino, Massimo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0236",
    pages = "350--360",
    abstract = "This paper describes a parsing system used in a framework for the development of Natural Language grammars. It is an interactive environment suitable for writing robust NL applications generally. Its heart is the SAIL parsing algorithm that uses a Phrase-Structure Grammar with extensive augmentations. Furthermore, some particular parsing tools are embedded in the system, and provide a powerful environment for developing grammars, even of large coverage.",
}
@inproceedings{malone-felshin-1989-efficient,
    title = "An Efficient Method for Parsing Erroneous Input",
    author = "Malone, Stuart  and
      Felshin, Sue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0237",
    pages = "361--368",
    abstract = "In a natural language processing system designed for language learners, it is necessary to accept both well-formed and ill-formed input. This paper describes a method of maintaining parsing efficiency for well-formed sentences while still accepting a wide range of ill-formed input.",
}
@inproceedings{yoon-kim-1989-analysis,
    title = "Analysis Techniques for {K}orean Sentences Based on Lexical Functional Grammar",
    author = "Yoon, Deok Ho  and
      Kim, Yung Taek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0238",
    pages = "369--378",
    abstract = "The Unification-based Grammars seem to be adequate for the analysis of agglutinative languages such as Korean, etc. In this paper, the merits of Lexical Functional Grammar is analyzed and the structure of Korean Syntactic Analyzer is described. Verbal complex category is used for the analysis of several linguistic phenomena and a new attribute of UNKNOWN is defined for the analysis of grammatical relations.",
}
@inproceedings{matsumoto-etal-1989-learning,
    title = "Learning Cooccurrences by using a Parser",
    author = "Matsumoto, Kazunori  and
      Sakaki, Hiroshi  and
      Kuroiwa, Shingo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0239",
    pages = "379--388",
    abstract = "This paper describes two methods for the acquisition and utilization of lexical cooccurrence relationships. Under these method, cooccurrence relationships are obtained from two kinds of inputs: example sentences and the corresponding correct syntactic structure. The first of the two methods treats a set of governors each element of which is bound to a element of sister nodes set in a syntactic structure under consideration, as a cooccurrence relationship. In the second method, a cooccurrence relationship name and affiliated attribute names are manually given in the description of augmented rewriting rules. Both methods discriminate correctness of cooccurrence by the use of the correct syntactic structure mentioned above. Experiment is made for both methods to find if thus obtained cooccurrence relationship is useful for the correct analysis.",
}
@inproceedings{church-etal-1989-parsing,
    title = "Parsing, Word Associations and Typical Predicate-Argument Relations",
    author = "Church, Kenneth  and
      Gale, William  and
      Hanks, Patrick  and
      Hindle, Donald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0240",
    pages = "389--398",
    abstract = "There are a number of collocational constraints in natural languages that ought to play a more important role in natural language parsers. Thus, for example, it is hard for most parsers to take advantage of the fact that wine is typically drunk, produced, and sold, but (probably) not pruned. So too, it is hard for a parser to know which verbs go with which prepositions (e.g., set up) and which nouns fit together to form compound noun phrases (e.g., computer programmer). This paper will attempt to show that many of these types of concerns can be addressed with syntactic methods (symbol pushing), and need not require explicit semantic interpretation. We have found that it is possible to identify many of these interesting co-occurrence relations by computing simple summary statistics over millions of words of text. This paper will summarize a number of experiments carried out by various subsets of the authors over the last few years. The term collocation will be used quite broadly to include constraints on SVO (subject verb object) triples, phrasal verbs, compound noun phrases, and psychoiinguistic notions of word association (e.g., doctor/nurse).",
}
@inproceedings{simpkins-hancox-1989-efficient,
    title = "An Efficient, Primarily Bottom-Up Parser for Unification Grammars",
    author = "Simpkins, Neil K.  and
      Hancox, Peter J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0241",
    pages = "399--400",
    abstract = "The search for efficient parsing strategies has a long history, dating back to at least the Cocke/Younger/Kusami parser of the early sixties. The publication of the Earley parser in 1970 has had a significant influence on context-free (CF) parsing for natural language processing, evidenced by the interest in the variety of chart parsers implemented since then. The development of unification grammars (with their complex feature structures) has put new life into the discussion of efficient parsing strategies, and there has been some debate on the use of essentially bottom-up or top-down strategies, the efficacy of top-down filtering and so on. The approacn to parsing described here is suitable for complex category, unification-based grammars. The concentration here is on a unification grammar which has a context-free backbone, Lexical-Functional Grammer (LFG). The parser is designed primarily for simplicity, efficiency and practical application. The parser outlined here results in a high-level, but still efficient, language system without making a requirement on the grammar/lexicon writer to understand its implementation details. The parsing algorithm operates in a systematic bottom-up (BU) fashion, thus taking earliest advantage of LFQ{'}s concentration of information in the lexicon and also making use of unrestricted feature structures to realize LFG{'}s Top-Down (TD) predictive potential. While LFG can make special use of its CF backbone, the algorithm employed is not restricted to grammars having a CF backbone and is equally suited to complex-feature-based formalisms. Additionally, the algorithm described (which is a systematic left-to-right (left comer) parsing algorithm) allows us to take full advantage of both BU and TD aspects of a unificatin-based grammar without incurring prohibitive overheads such as feature-structure comparison or subsumption checking. The use of TD prediction, which in the Earley algorithm is allowed to hypothesize new parse paths, is here restricted to confirming initial parses produced BU, and specializing these according to future (feature) expectations.",
}
@inproceedings{slator-wilks-1989-premo,
    title = "{PREMO}: Parsing by Conspicuous Lexical Consumption",
    author = "Slator, Brian M.  and
      Wilks, Yorick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0242",
    pages = "401--413",
    abstract = "PREMO is a knowledge-based Preference Semantics parser with access to a large, lexical semantic knowledge base and organized along the lines of an operating system. The state of every partial parse is captured in a structure called a language object, and the control structure of the preference machine is a priority queue of these language objects. The language object at the front of the queue has the highest score as computed by a preference metric that weighs grammatical predictions, semantic type matching, and pragmatic coherence. The highest priority language object is the intermediate reading that is currently most preferred (the others are still {``}alive,{''} but not actively pursued); in this way the preference machine avoids combinatorial explosion by following a {``}best-first{''} strategy for parsing. The system has clear extensions into parallel processing.",
}
@inproceedings{tomita-1989-parsing,
    title = "Parsing 2-Dimensional Language",
    author = "Tomita, Masaru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0243",
    pages = "414--424",
    abstract = "2-Dimensional Context-Free Grammar (2D-CFG) for 2-dimensional input text is introduced and efficient parsing algorithms for 2D-CFG are presented. In 2D-CFG, a grammar rule{'}s right hand side symbols can be placed not only horizontally but also vertically. Terminal symbols in a 2-dimensional input text are combined to form a rectangular region, and regions are combined to form a larger region using a 2-dimensional phrase structure rule. The parsing algorithms presented in this paper are the 2D-Ear1ey algorithm and 2D-LR algorithm, which are 2-dimensionally extended versions of Earley{'}s algorithm and the LR(O) algorithm, respectively.",
}
@inproceedings{jensen-1989-broad,
    title = "A Broad-Coverage Natural Language Analysis System",
    author = "Jensen, Karen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0244",
    pages = "425--441",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{asija-1989-pseudo,
    title = "Pseudo Parsing Swift-Answer Algorithm",
    author = "Asija, S Pal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0245",
    pages = "442--447",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{hajicova-1989-dependency,
    title = "A Dependency-Based Parser for Topic and Focus",
    author = "Haji{\v{c}}ov{\'a}, Eva",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0246",
    pages = "448--457",
    abstract = "",
}
@inproceedings{budhiraja-etal-1989-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar with Dynamic Expansion",
    author = "Budhiraja, Navin  and
      Mitra, Subrata  and
      Karnick, Harish  and
      Sangal, Rajeev",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W89-0247",
    pages = "458--467",
    abstract = "A parser is described here based on the Cocke-Young-Kassami algorithm which uses immediate dominance and linear precedence rules together with various feature inheritance conventions. The meta rules in the grammar are not applied beforehand but only when needed. This ensures that the rule set is kept to a minimum. At the same time, determining what rule to expand by applying which meta-rule is done in an efficient manner using the meta-rule reference table. Since this table is generated during {``}compilation{''} stage, its generation does not add to parsing time.",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2000-research,
    title = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    author = "Chien, Lee-Feng  and
      Chen, Kuang-Hua",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{liang-yeh-2000-ying,
    title = "應用構詞法則與類神經網路於中文新詞萃取 (Applying Morphological Rules and Artificial Neural Network to {C}hinese Unknown Word Extraction) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liang, Tyne  and
      Yeh, Tat-Lon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1001",
    pages = "21--40",
}
@inproceedings{streiter-2000-parsing,
    title = "Parsing {C}hinese by Examples",
    author = "Streiter, Oliver",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1002",
    pages = "41--65",
}
@inproceedings{hwang-etal-2000-improving,
    title = "The Improving Techniques for Disambiguating Non-alphabet Sense Categories",
    author = "Hwang, Feng-Long  and
      Yu, Ming-Shing  and
      Wu, Min-Jer",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1003",
    pages = "67--86",
}
@inproceedings{liu-zhou-2000-building,
    title = "Building A {C}hinese Text Summarizer with Phrasal Chunks and Domain Knowledge",
    author = "Liu, Weiquan  and
      Zhou, Joe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1004",
    pages = "87--96",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chen-2000-fan,
    title = "反向異文字音譯相似度評量方法與跨語言資訊檢索 (Similarity Measure in Backward Transliteration between Different Character Sets and Its Application to {CLIR}) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Wei-Hao  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1005",
    pages = "97--113",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2000-clustering,
    title = "Clustering Similar Query Sessions Toward Interactive Web Search",
    author = "Huang, Chien-Kang  and
      Chien, Lee-Feng  and
      Oyang, Yen-Jen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1006",
    pages = "115--134",
}
@inproceedings{lai-etal-2000-wang,
    title = "網際網路{FAQ} 檢索中意圖萃取與語意比對之研究 (Intention Extraction and Semantic Matching for {I}nternet {FAQ} Retrieval Using Spoken Language Query) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lai, Yu-Sheng  and
      Lee, Kuen-Lin  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1007",
    pages = "135--155",
}
@inproceedings{cheng-2000-cong,
    title = "從語料庫看漢語助動詞的語法特點 (The Syntactic Characteristics of {C}hinese Auxiliaries based on the Sinica Corpus) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Cheng, Ying",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1008",
    pages = "157--170",
}
@inproceedings{shih-etal-2000-part,
    title = "Part-of-speech Sequences and Distribution in a Learner Corpus of {E}nglish",
    author = "Shih, Rebecca H.  and
      Chiang, John Y.  and
      Tien, F.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1009",
    pages = "171--177",
}
@inproceedings{chien-liao-2000-ju,
    title = "具有累進學習能力之貝氏預測法則在汽車語音辨識之應用 ({B}ayesian Predictive Classification with Incremental Learning Capability for Car Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chien, Jen-Tzung  and
      Liao, Guo-Hong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1010",
    pages = "179--197",
}
@inproceedings{lai-chien-2000-jie,
    title = "結合麥克風陣列及模型調整技術之遠距離語音辨識系統 (Far-Distant Speech Recognition System Using Combined Techniques of Microphone Array and Model Adaptation)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lai, Jain-Ray  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1011",
    pages = "199--213",
}
@inproceedings{chiu-etal-2000-pc,
    title = "{PC}-Based 台灣手語轉語音溝通輔助系統 ({PC}-based {T}aiwanese Sign Language to Speech Communication Aided System)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chiu, Yu-Hsien  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Guo, Chi-Shiang  and
      Chung, Kao-Chi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Research on Computational Linguistics Conference {XIII}",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-1012",
    pages = "223--242",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2000-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2000: Special Issue on {C}hinese Verbal Semantics",
    month = feb,
    year = "2000",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2000-han,
    title = "漢語動詞辭彙語意分析：表達模式與研究方法 (A Lexical-Semantic Analysis of {M}andarin {C}hinese Verbs: Representation and Methodology) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Li-Li  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2000: Special Issue on {C}hinese Verbal Semantics",
    month = feb,
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-2001",
    pages = "1--18",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2000-module,
    title = "The Module-Attribute Representation of Verbal Semantics: From Semantic to Argument Structure",
    author = "Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Ahrens, Kathleen  and
      Chang, Li-Li  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann  and
      Liu, Mei-Chun  and
      Tsai, Mei-Chih",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2000: Special Issue on {C}hinese Verbal Semantics",
    month = feb,
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-2002",
    pages = "19--46",
}
@inproceedings{chief-etal-2000-near,
    title = "What Can Near Synonyms Tell Us",
    author = "Chief, Lian-Cheng  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann  and
      Tsai, Mei-Chih  and
      Chang, Li-Li",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2000: Special Issue on {C}hinese Verbal Semantics",
    month = feb,
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-2003",
    pages = "47--60",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2000-alternation,
    title = "Alternation Across Semantic Fields: A Study on {M}andarin Verbs of Emotion",
    author = "Chang, Li-Li  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2000: Special Issue on {C}hinese Verbal Semantics",
    month = feb,
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-2004",
    pages = "61--80",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2000-endpoint,
    title = "When Endpoint Meets Endpoint: A Corpus-based Lexical Semantic Study of {M}andarin Verbs of Throwing",
    author = "Liu, Mei-Chun  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Lee, Charles  and
      Lee, Ching-Yi",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2000: Special Issue on {C}hinese Verbal Semantics",
    month = feb,
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-2005",
    pages = "81--96",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2000-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 2, August 2000",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
}
@inproceedings{chen-2000-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Word Sense Disambiguation Using Lexical Knowledge in a Machine-readable Dictionary",
    author = "Chen, Jen Nan",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 2, August 2000",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-3001",
    pages = "1--42",
}
@inproceedings{tsay-wang-2000-design,
    title = "Design and Evaluation of Approaches to Automatic {C}hinese Text Categorization",
    author = "Tsay, Jyh-Jong  and
      Wang, Jing-Doo",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 2, August 2000",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-3002",
    pages = "43--58",
}
@inproceedings{hasan-matsumoto-2000-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese-{C}hinese Cross-Language Information Retrieval: An Interlingua Approach",
    author = "Hasan, Md. Maruf  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 2, August 2000",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-3003",
    pages = "59--86",
}
@inproceedings{shih-2000-compiling,
    title = "Compiling {T}aiwanese Learner Corpus of {E}nglish",
    author = "Shih, Rebecca Hsue-Hueh",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 5, Number 2, August 2000",
    month = aug,
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O00-3004",
    pages = "87--100",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2014-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    author = "Jou, Jing-Yang  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1000",
}
@inproceedings{hao-etal-2014-yun,
    title = "運用概念模型化技術於中文大詞彙連續語音辨識之語言模型調適 (Leveraging Concept Modeling Techniques for Language Model Adaptation in {M}andarin Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hao, Po-Han  and
      Chen, Su-Cheng  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1001",
    pages = "1--2",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2014-tan,
    title = "探究新穎語句模型化技術於節錄式語音摘要 (Investigating Novel Sentence Modeling Techniques for Extractive Speech Summarization) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Hsieh, Yu-Lun  and
      Chen, Berlin  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1002",
    pages = "3--20",
}
@inproceedings{chiou-chen-2014-tai,
    title = "台灣情緒語料庫建置與辨識 (An Emotional Speech Database in Taiwan: Collection and Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chiou, Bo-Chang  and
      Chen, Chia-Ping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1003",
    pages = "21--30",
}
@inproceedings{wang-wang-2014-ji,
    title = "基於稀疏表示之語者識別 (Sparse Representation Based Speaker Identification) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Kuang-Yao  and
      Wang, Jia-Ching",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1004",
    pages = "31--41",
}
@inproceedings{wu-chang-2014-li,
    title = "利用核依賴估計來進行多軌自動混音 (Automatic Multi-track Mixing by Kernel Dependency Estimation)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Tsung Ting  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1005",
    pages = "42--57",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2014-zhong,
    title = "中文轉客文文轉音系統中的客語斷詞處理之研究 (Research on {H}akka Word Segmentation Processes in {C}hinese-to-{H}akka {T}ext-to-{S}peech System )[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Hsin-Wei  and
      Huang, Feng-Long  and
      Yu, Ming-Shing  and
      Lin, Yih-Jeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1006",
    pages = "58--77",
}
@inproceedings{gu-etal-2014-ji,
    title = "基於發音知識以建構頻譜{HMM} 之國語語音合成方法 (A {M}andarin Speech Synthesis Method Using Articulation-knowledge Based Spectral {HMM} Structure)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gu, Hung-Yan  and
      Lai, Ming-Yen  and
      Hong, Wei-Siang  and
      Chen, Yan-Hua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1007",
    pages = "78--88",
}
@inproceedings{su-etal-2014-prosodic,
    title = "Some Prosodic Characteristics of Taiwan {E}nglish Accent",
    author = "Su, Chao-yu  and
      Tseng, Chiu-yu  and
      Roger Jang, Jyh-Shing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1008",
    pages = "89--90",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chang-2014-wang,
    title = "網頁商家名稱擷取與地址配對之研究 (Store Name Extraction and Name-Address Matching on the Web) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Yu-Yang  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1009",
    pages = "91--93",
}
@inproceedings{wu-hsieh-2014-public,
    title = "Public Opinion Toward {CSSTA}: A Text Mining Approach",
    author = "Wu, Yi-An  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1010",
    pages = "94--95",
}
@inproceedings{gargouri-etal-2014-towards,
    title = "Towards automatic enrichment of standardized electronic dictionaries by semantic classes",
    author = "Gargouri, Bilel  and
      Elleuch, Imen  and
      Ben Hamadou, Abdelmajid-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1011",
    pages = "96--109",
}
@inproceedings{figueroa-chen-2014-collaborative,
    title = "Collaborative Ranking between Supervised and Unsupervised Approaches for Keyphrase Extraction",
    author = "Figueroa, Gerardo  and
      Chen, Yi-Shin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1012",
    pages = "110--124",
}
@inproceedings{mikulova-2014-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Representation of Ellipsis in the {P}rague Dependency Treebanks",
    author = "Mikulov{\'a}, Marie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1013",
    pages = "125--138",
}
@inproceedings{shih-hsieh-2014-sketching,
    title = "Sketching the Dependency Relations of Words in {C}hinese",
    author = "Shih, Meng-Hsien  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1014",
    pages = "139--152",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2014-shi,
    title = "使用中文字筆畫構形資料庫校正字形相似之別字 (Using {C}hinese Orthography Database to Correct {C}hinese Misspelling Words With Graphemic Similarity) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Tao-Hsing  and
      Chen, Hsueh-Chih  and
      Zheng, Jian-Liang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1015",
    pages = "153--162",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-xue,
    title = "學術論文簡介的自動文步分析與寫作提示 (Automatic Move Analysis of Research Articles for Assisting Writing)[In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Guan-Cheng  and
      Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Hsu, Hsiang-Ling  and
      Yen, Tzu-Hsi  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1016",
    pages = "163--164",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2014-yi,
    title = "以二維共振峰分布建立語者音色模型及其在語者驗證上之應用 (Using 2{D} Formant Distribution to Build Speaker Models and Its Application in Speaker Verification) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Jia-Guu  and
      Shiau, Jyh-Bin  and
      En Pu, Chang  and
      Wu, Chia-Long",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1017",
    pages = "165--174",
}
@inproceedings{atwi-awajan-2014-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Approach for Automatic Keyword Extraction from {A}rabic Documents",
    author = "Atwi Awajan, Arafat",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1018",
    pages = "175--184",
}
@inproceedings{lin-lepage-2014-testing,
    title = "Testing Distributional Hypothesis in Patent Translation",
    author = "Lin, Hsin-Hung  and
      Lepage, Yves",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1019",
    pages = "185--192",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2014-spectrum,
    title = "Spectrum Analysis of Cry Sounds in Preterm and Full-Term Infants",
    author = "Chen, Li-mei  and
      Yang, Yu-Hsuan  and
      Lin, Chyi-Her  and
      Lin, Yuh-Jyh  and
      Lin, Yung-Chieh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1020",
    pages = "193--203",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2014-web,
    title = "Web-Based Recording and Visualization Framework for Moving Trajectories [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yang, Po-An  and
      Chi, LiJung  and
      Chuang, Kun-Ta  and
      Chen, Seth  and
      Tsai, Jonathan  and
      Ku, Yung-Chung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2014)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Jhongli, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-1021",
    pages = "204--213",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2014-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 1, March 2014",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-hua",
    month = mar,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-2000",
}
@inproceedings{tran-dinh-2014-novel,
    title = "A Novel Approach for Handling Unknown Word Problem in {C}hinese-{V}ietnamese Machine Translation",
    author = "Tran, Phuoc  and
      Dinh, Dien",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 1, March 2014",
    month = mar,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-2001",
}
@inproceedings{dai-etal-2014-joint,
    title = "Joint Learning of Entity Linking Constraints Using a {M}arkov-Logic Network",
    author = "Dai, Hong-Jie  and
      Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 1, March 2014",
    month = mar,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-2002",
}
@inproceedings{el-shishtawy-2014-linking,
    title = "Linking Databases using Matched {A}rabic Names",
    author = "El-Shishtawy, Tarek",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 1, March 2014",
    month = mar,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-2003",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-xue-2014-use,
    title = "On the Use of Speech Recognition Techniques to Identify Bird Species",
    author = "Tsai, Wei-Ho  and
      Xue, Yu-Zhi",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 1, March 2014",
    month = mar,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-2004",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2014-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 2, June 2014",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-hua",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-3000",
}
@inproceedings{huang-2014-social,
    title = "Social Metaphor Detection via Topical Analysis",
    author = "Huang, Ting-Hao Kenneth",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 2, June 2014",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-3001",
}
@inproceedings{zeng-etal-2014-modeling,
    title = "Modeling the Helpful Opinion Mining of Online Consumer Reviews as a Classification Problem",
    author = "Zeng, Yi-Ching  and
      Ku, Tsun  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chen, Liang-Pu  and
      Chen, Gwo-Dong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 2, June 2014",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-3002",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-resolving,
    title = "Resolving the Representational Problems of Polarity and Interaction between Process and State Verbs",
    author = "Huang, Shu-Ling  and
      Hsieh, Yu-Ming  and
      Lin, Su-Chu  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 2, June 2014",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-3003",
}
@inproceedings{chang-2014-bu,
    title = "不同母語背景華語學習者的用詞特徵：以語料庫為本的研究 (Salient Linguistic Features of {C}hinese Learners with Different L1s: A Corpus-based Study) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Li-ping",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 2, June 2014",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-3004",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2014-international-journal-linguistics,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 3, September 2014",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-hua",
    month = sep,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-4000",
}
@inproceedings{asahara-etal-2014-bccwj,
    title = "{BCCWJ}-{T}ime{B}ank: Temporal and Event Information Annotation on {J}apanese Text",
    author = "Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Kato, Sachi  and
      Konishi, Hikari  and
      Imada, Mizuho  and
      Maekawa, Kikuo",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 3, September 2014",
    month = sep,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-4001",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2014-transliteration,
    title = "Transliteration Extraction from Classical {C}hinese Buddhist Literature Using Conditional Random Fields with Language Models",
    author = "Wang, Yu-Chun  and
      Chang, Karol Chia-Tien  and
      Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han  and
      Hsiang, Jieh",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 3, September 2014",
    month = sep,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-4002",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Human Inference Process for Textual Entailment Recognition",
    author = "Huang, Hen-Hsen  and
      Chang, Kai-Chun  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 3, September 2014",
    month = sep,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-4003",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2014-international-journal-linguistics-chinese,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 4, {D}ecember 2014 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVI}",
    author = "Chien, Jen-Tzung  and
      Kao, Hung-Yu  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui",
    month = dec,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-5000",
}
@inproceedings{yu-yang-chang-2014-poi,
    title = "{POI} 擷取:商家名稱辨識與地址配對之研究 ({POI} Extraction from the Web: Store Name Recognition and Address Matching) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yu-Yang, Lin  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 4, {D}ecember 2014 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVI}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-5001",
}
@inproceedings{wu-hsieh-2014-public-opinion,
    title = "Public Opinion Toward {CSSTA}: A Text Mining Approach",
    author = "Wu, Yi-An  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 4, {D}ecember 2014 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVI}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-5002",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-xue-shu,
    title = "學術論文簡介的自動文步分析與寫作提示 (Automatic Move Analysis of Research Articles for Assisting Writing) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Guan-Cheng  and
      Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Hsu, Hsiang-Ling  and
      Yen, Tzu-Hsi  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 4, {D}ecember 2014 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVI}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-5003",
}
@inproceedings{hao-etal-2014-shi,
    title = "使用概念資訊於中文大詞彙連續語音辨識之研究 (Exploring Concept Information for {M}andarin Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hao, Po-Han  and
      Chen, Ssu-Cheng  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 4, {D}ecember 2014 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVI}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-5004",
}
@inproceedings{su-etal-2014-prosodic-characteristics,
    title = "Some Prosodic Characteristics of Taiwan {E}nglish Accent",
    author = "Su, Chao-yu  and
      Tseng, Chiu-yu  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing Roger",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 4, {D}ecember 2014 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVI}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-5005",
}
@inproceedings{chen-2014-quantitative,
    title = "Quantitative Assessment of Cry in Term and Preterm Infants: Long-Time Average Spectrum Analysis",
    author = "Chen, Li-mei",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 19, Number 4, {D}ecember 2014 - Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXVI}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2014",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O14-5006",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2010-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    author = "Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chao-2010-tourism,
    title = "Tourism-Related Opinion Mining",
    author = "Lin, Chuan-Jie  and
      Chao, Pin-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1001",
    pages = "3--16",
}
@inproceedings{chang-shih-2010-automatic,
    title = "An Automatic Query Augmentation Model for Answering Well-Defined Questions in Top-1 Search Result",
    author = "Chang, Jing-Shin  and
      Shih, Shu-Fan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1002",
    pages = "17--29",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2010-jian,
    title = "鑑別式語言模型於語音辨識結果重新排序之研究 (Exploiting Discriminative Language Models for Reranking Speech Recognition Hypotheses) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Chia-Wen  and
      Lin, Shih-Hsiang  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1003",
    pages = "30--49",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-etal-2010-fa,
    title = "發音事件驗證於多語辨識發音變異模型之產生 (Pronunciation Variation Model Generation based on Pronunciation Event Verification for Multi-Lingual Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tsai, Pei-Shan  and
      Shen, Han-Pin  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1004",
    pages = "50--64",
}
@inproceedings{lo-chen-2010-zheng,
    title = "整合邊際資訊於鑑別式聲學模型訓練方法之比較研究 (A Comparative Study on Margin-Based Discriminative Training of Acoustic Models) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lo, Yueng-Tien  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1005",
    pages = "65--85",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-etal-2010-zui,
    title = "最小變異數調變頻譜濾波器於強健性語音辨識之研究 (A Study of Minimum Variance Modulation Filter for Robust Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsieh, Ren-hau  and
      Fan, Hao-teng  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1006",
    pages = "86--97",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2010-yi,
    title = "以語文特徵為基之中學閱讀測驗短文分級 (Using Linguistic Features to Classify Texts for Reading Comprehension Tests at the High School Levels) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Chao-Shainn  and
      Kuo, Wei-Ti  and
      Li, Chia-Ling  and
      Tsai, Chia-Chi  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1007",
    pages = "98--112",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-ji,
    title = "基於對照表以及語言模型之簡繁字體轉換 ({C}hinese Characters Conversion System based on Lookup Table and Language Model) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Li, Min-Hsiang  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Yang, Ping-che  and
      Ku, Tsun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1008",
    pages = "113--127",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2010-yi-gong,
    title = "以共現資訊為基礎增進中學英漢翻譯試題與解答之詞彙對列 (Using Co-Occurrence Information to Improve {C}hinese-{E}nglish Word Alignment in Translation Test Items for High School Students) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Chao-Shainn  and
      Chang, Yu-Chi  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin  and
      Tseng, Yuan-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1009",
    pages = "128--142",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2010-term,
    title = "Term Contributed Boundary Feature using Conditional Random Fields for {C}hinese Word Segmentation Task",
    author = "Jiang, Tian-Jian  and
      Liu, Shih-Hung  and
      Sung, Cheng-Lung  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1010",
    pages = "143--156",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2010-ji,
    title = "基於非監督式詞義消歧之日語旅遊意見詞翻譯 ({J}apanese Opinion Word Translation Based on Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation in the Travel Domain) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Jyun-Wei  and
      Kao, Chia Pei  and
      Chen, Chun-Yu  and
      Tsai, Tzong-Han",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1011",
    pages = "157--171",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2010-classifying,
    title = "Classifying mood in plurks",
    author = "Chen, Mei-Yu  and
      Lin, Hsin-Ni  and
      Shih, Chang-An  and
      Hsu, Yen-Ching  and
      Hsu, Pei-Yu  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1012",
    pages = "172--183",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2010-zhong,
    title = "中文短句之情緒分類 (Sentiment Classification of Short {C}hinese Sentences) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Sun, Ying-Tse  and
      Chen, Chien-Liang  and
      Liu, Chun-Chieh  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin  and
      Soo, Von-Wun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1013",
    pages = "184--198",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2010-yi,
    title = "以最佳化及機率分佈判斷漢字聲符之研究 (Automatic Identification of Phonetic Complements for {C}hinese Characters Based on Optimization and Probability Distribution) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Chia-Hui  and
      Li, Shu-Ying  and
      Lin, Sean  and
      Huang, Chia-Yi  and
      Chen, Jhih-ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1014",
    pages = "199--209",
}
@inproceedings{lu-wang-2010-wen,
    title = "文本不特定之自動音素分段演算法 (Text-Independent Automatic Phone Segmentation Algorithm) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lu, Ching-Feng  and
      Wang, Hsiao-Chuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1015",
    pages = "210--221",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2010-ke,
    title = "可變速中文文字轉語音系統 (Variable Speech Rate {M}andarin {C}hinese Text-to-Speech System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Qi-Quan  and
      Chiang, Chen-Yu  and
      Wang, Yih-Ru  and
      Yu, Hsiu-Min  and
      Chen, Sin-Horng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1016",
    pages = "222--235",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-etal-2010-jin,
    title = "進階式調變頻譜補償法於強健性語音辨識之研究 (Advanced Modulation Spectrum Compensation Techniques for Robust Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yeh, Wei-Jeih  and
      Tu, Wen-hsiang  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2010)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-1017",
    pages = "236--250",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2010-rocling,
    title = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2010-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Correction Rules for Auto Editing",
    author = "Huang, Anta  and
      Kuo, Tsung-Ting  and
      Lai, Ying-Chun  and
      Lin, Shou-de",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2001",
    pages = "251--265",
}
@inproceedings{barrett-chen-2010-tai,
    title = "台灣學生英文寫作冠詞錯誤分析 ({E}nglish article errors in {T}aiwanese college students{'} {EFL} writing)",
    author = "Barrett, Neil Edward  and
      Chen, Li-mei",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2002",
    pages = "266--280",
}
@inproceedings{gu-etal-2010-jie,
    title = "結合{HMM} 頻譜模型與{ANN} 韻律模型之國語語音合成系統 (A {M}andarin Speech Synthesis System Combining {HMM} Spectrum Model and {ANN} Prosody Model) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gu, Hung-Yan  and
      Lai, Ming-Yen  and
      Tsai, Sung-Fung",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2003",
    pages = "281--295",
}
@inproceedings{lin-hsieh-2010-mei,
    title = "美國專利書「獨立項數」之搭配詞初探: 以{L}exis{N}exis 法律資料庫為例 (Collocation Features of Independent Claim in {U}.{S}. Patent Documents: Information Retrieval from {L}exis{N}exis)",
    author = "Lin, Hsin-Hung  and
      Hsieh, Ching-yu",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2004",
    pages = "296--310",
}
@inproceedings{wu-kuo-2010-dual,
    title = "Dual-{ALU} Processor for Speech Signal Processing",
    author = "Wu, Gin-Der  and
      Kuo, Kuei-Ting",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2005",
    pages = "311--319",
}
@inproceedings{ning-lai-2010-ji,
    title = "基於網路社群之旅遊經驗及對應情境之情感意見分析研究 (Sentiment Analysis in Scenic Spot Experiences from Web Community Using Semantically Relevant Contextual Information) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Ning, Ke-chih  and
      Lai, Kun-chi",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2006",
    pages = "320--334",
}
@inproceedings{yen-etal-2010-jie,
    title = "結合音長與發音特徵於{GTB} 之腔調化語音辨識 (Accented Speech Recognition based on Gradient Tree Boosting with Duration and Articulation Features) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yen, Ming-chin  and
      Lai, Po-San  and
      Yeh, Jui-Feng",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2007",
    pages = "335--349",
}
@inproceedings{das-bandyopadhyay-2010-discerning,
    title = "Discerning Emotions of Bloggers based on Topics {--} a Supervised Coreference Approach in {B}engali",
    author = "Das, Dipankar  and
      Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2008",
    pages = "350--363",
}
@inproceedings{chen-lin-2010-ying,
    title = "應用直方圖均化於統計式未知詞萃取之研究 (Histogram Equalization for Statistical Unknown Word Extraction) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Yi-Cong  and
      Lin, Bor-Shen",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2009",
    pages = "364--378",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2010-qualia,
    title = "Qualia Modification in Noun-Noun Compounds: A Cross-Language Survey",
    author = "Lee, Chih-yao  and
      Chang, Chia-hao  and
      Hsu, Wei-chieh  and
      Hsieh, Shu-kai",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2010 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Nantou, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-2010",
    pages = "379--390",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2010-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 1, March 2010",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-hua",
    month = mar,
    year = "2010",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2010-harmony,
    title = "Harmony Graph, a Social-Network-Like Structure, and Its Applications to Music Corpus Visualization, Distinguishing and Music Generation",
    author = "Chen, Wei-An  and
      Lin, Jihg-Hong  and
      Jeng, Shyh-Kang",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 1, March 2010",
    month = mar,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-3001",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2010-ji-yu,
    title = "基於對照表以及語言模型之簡繁字體轉換 ({C}hinese Characters Conversion System based on Lookup Table and Language Model) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Li, Min-Hsiang  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Zeng, Yi-Ching  and
      Yang, Ping-che  and
      Ku, Tsun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 1, March 2010",
    month = mar,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-3002",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chao-2010-tourism-related,
    title = "Tourism-Related Opinion Detection and Tourist-Attraction Target Identification",
    author = "Lin, Chuan-Jie  and
      Chao, Pin-Hsien",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 1, March 2010",
    month = mar,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-3003",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2010-cross,
    title = "Cross-Validation and Minimum Generation Error based Decision Tree Pruning for {HMM}-based Speech Synthesis",
    author = "Lu, Heng  and
      Ling, Zhen-Hua  and
      Dai, Li-Rong  and
      Wang, Ren-Hua",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 1, March 2010",
    month = mar,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-3004",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2010-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 2, June 2010",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-hua",
    month = jun,
    year = "2010",
}
@inproceedings{josan-lehal-2010-punjabi,
    title = "A {P}unjabi to {H}indi Machine Transliteration System",
    author = "Josan, Gurpreet Singh  and
      Lehal, Gurpreet Singh",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 2, June 2010",
    month = jun,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-4001",
}
@inproceedings{ha-etal-2010-posteriori,
    title = "A Posteriori Individual Word Language Models for {V}ietnamese Language",
    author = "Ha, Le Quan  and
      Van, Tran Thi Thu  and
      Long, Hoang Tien  and
      Tinh, Nguyen Huu  and
      Tham, Nguyen Ngoc  and
      Ngoc, Le Trong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 2, June 2010",
    month = jun,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-4002",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2010-improving,
    title = "Improving the Template Generation for {C}hinese Character Error Detection with Confusion Sets",
    author = "Chen, Yong-Zhi  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Yang, Ping-che  and
      Ku, Tsun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 2, June 2010",
    month = jun,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-4003",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2010-yi-zui,
    title = "以最佳化及機率分佈標記形聲字聲符之研究 (Annotating Phonetic Component of {C}hinese Characters Using Constrained Optimization and Pronunciation Distribution) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Chia-Hui  and
      Lin, Shu-Yen  and
      Li, Shu-Ying  and
      Tsai, Meng-Feng  and
      Li, Shu-Ping  and
      Liao, Hsiang-Mei  and
      Sun, Chih-Wen  and
      Huang, Norden E.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 2, June 2010",
    month = jun,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-4004",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2010-international-journal-linguistics,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2010",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-hua",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2010",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2010-jie,
    title = "結合長詞優先與序列標記之中文斷詞研究 (A Simple and Effective Closed Test for {C}hinese Word Segmentation Based on Sequence Labeling) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Qian-Xiang  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui  and
      Chen, Chen-Ling",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2010",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-5001",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2010-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation Using Multiple Contextual Features",
    author = "Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Yeh, Jui-Feng",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2010",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-5002",
}
@inproceedings{kuo-etal-2010-using,
    title = "Using Linguistic Features to Predict Readability of Short Essays for Senior High School Students in Taiwan",
    author = "Kuo, Wei-Ti  and
      Huang, Chao-Shainn  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2010",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-5003",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2010-discovering,
    title = "Discovering Correction Rules for Auto Editing",
    author = "Huang, An-Ta  and
      Kuo, Tsung-Ting  and
      Lai, Ying-Chun  and
      Lin, Shou-De",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2010",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-5004",
}
@inproceedings{chen-2010-xue,
    title = "學術會議資訊之擷取及其應用 (Information Extraction for Academic Conference and It{'}s Application) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Kuang-hua",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 15, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2010",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O10-5005",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2004-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    author = "Chien, Lee-Feng  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2004-li,
    title = "利用小波聽覺分頻處理與訊號子空間分解於車內噪音消除 (In-Car Speech Enhancement Using Wavelet Based Perceptual Filterbank and Signal Subspace Tracking) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Jhing-Fa  and
      Yang, Chung-Hsien  and
      Chang, Kai-Hsing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1001",
    pages = "1--10",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2004-ju,
    title = "聚集事後機率線性迴歸調適演算法應用於語音辨識 (Aggregate a Posteriori Linear Regression for Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Chih-Hsien  and
      Wang, Yii-Kai  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1002",
    pages = "11--20",
}
@inproceedings{kuo-etal-2004-fei,
    title = "非監督式學習於中文電視新聞自動轉寫之初步應用 (Unsupervised Learning for {C}hinese Broadcast News Transcription) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Kuo, Jen-Wei  and
      Tsai, Wen-Hung  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1003",
    pages = "21--31",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2004-noise,
    title = "A Noise Estimator with Rapid Adaptation in Variable-Level Noisy Environments",
    author = "Wu, Bing-Fei  and
      Wang, Kun-Ching  and
      Kuo, Lung-Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1004",
    pages = "33--38",
}
@inproceedings{chen-lee-2004-three,
    title = "A Three-Phase System for {C}hinese Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Chen, Conrad  and
      Lee, Hsi-Jian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1005",
    pages = "39--48",
}
@inproceedings{liu-weng-2004-zhu,
    title = "主題導向之非結構化文本資訊擷取技術 (Subject-oriented Information Extraction on {C}hinese Free Texts) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Jyi-Shane  and
      Weng, Chia-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1006",
    pages = "49--58",
}
@inproceedings{hung-chien-2004-finding,
    title = "Finding Relevant Concepts for Unknown Terms Using a Web-based Approach",
    author = "Hung, Chen-Ming  and
      Chien, Lee-Feng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1007",
    pages = "59--67",
}
@inproceedings{lin-2004-yi,
    title = "以自組織映射圖進行計算語言學領域術語視覺化之研究 (Visualizing the Terms of Computational Linguistics with Self-Organizing Maps) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Sung-Chen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1008",
    pages = "69--77",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-etal-2004-applying,
    title = "Applying Meaningful Word-Pair Identifier to the {C}hinese Syllable-to-Word Conversion Problem",
    author = "Tsai, Jia-Lin  and
      Chiang, Tien-Jien  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1009",
    pages = "79--88",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chen-2004-yu,
    title = "語料庫統計值與全球資訊網統計值之比較：以中文斷詞應用為例 (Comparison of Corpus Statistics and Web Statistics: An Application to {C}hinese Word Segmentation) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Hsiao-Ching  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1010",
    pages = "89--100",
}
@inproceedings{lin-liang-2004-pronominal,
    title = "Pronominal and Sortal Anaphora Resolution for Biomedical Literature",
    author = "Lin, Yu-Hsiang  and
      Liang, Tyne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1011",
    pages = "101--109",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2004-li-yong,
    title = "利用自然語言處理技術自動產生英文克漏詞試題之研究 (A Study on Natural Language Processing Aided Grneration of Multiple-Choice Cloze Items) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Chun-Hung  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin  and
      Gao, Zhao Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1012",
    pages = "111--120",
}
@inproceedings{yen-etal-2004-infrastructure,
    title = "An Infrastructure for Creating Web Automation Applications",
    author = "Yen, Wen Heng  and
      Ke, Hao-Ren  and
      Yang, Wei-Pang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1013",
    pages = "121--130",
}
@inproceedings{chiu-etal-2004-xian,
    title = "現代漢語複合動詞之詞首詞尾研究 (Compositional Semantics of {M}andarin Affix Verbs) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chiu, Chih-ming  and
      Lo, Ji-Chin  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1014",
    pages = "131--139",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-etal-2004-yu,
    title = "語法規律的抽取及普遍化與精確化的研究 (Grammar Extraction, Generalization and Specialization) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsieh, Yu-Ming  and
      Yang, Duen-Chi  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1015",
    pages = "141--150",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-liu-2004-resolution,
    title = "A Resolution for Polysemy: the case of {M}andarin verb {ZOU}",
    author = "Hsu, Yaling  and
      Liu, Meichun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1016",
    pages = "151--157",
}
@inproceedings{chou-2004-good,
    title = "Too Good to Be True: A Case Study of {``}Zui Hao Shi{''}",
    author = "Chou, Hsiang-nan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1017",
    pages = "159--168",
}
@inproceedings{lin-liu-2004-functional,
    title = "Functional Distinction between Zai and Zhengzai in {M}andarin: Evidence from Collocations",
    author = "Lin, Tsi-chun  and
      Liu, Mei-chun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1018",
    pages = "169--175",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-2004-zhong,
    title = "中文手機新聞簡訊自動摘要 (Automated Summarization for {C}hinese News Brief Service in Cellular Phones) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1019",
    pages = "177--189",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2004-using,
    title = "Using the Web as Corpus for Un-supervised Learning in Question Answering",
    author = "Wang, Yi-Chia  and
      Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Liang, Tyne  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1020",
    pages = "191--198",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2004-ying,
    title = "應用語料庫和語意相依法則於中文語音文件之摘要 (Spoken Document Summarization Using Topic-Related Corpus and Semantic Dependency Grammar) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Chien-Lin  and
      Xie, Jia-Xien  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1021",
    pages = "199--208",
}
@inproceedings{chien-yang-2004-ju,
    title = "具相關資訊回饋能力之貝氏混合式機率檢索模型 (Using Relevance Feedback in {B}ayesian Probabilistic Mixture Retrieval Model) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chien, Jen-Tzung  and
      Yang, Duen-Chi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1022",
    pages = "209--218",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2004-lan,
    title = "藍芽無線環境下中文語音辨識效能之評估與分析 (Performance Evaluation and Analysis of {M}andarin Speech Recognition over Bluetooth Communication Environments) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Yin-Cheng  and
      Tan, Tan-Hsu  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Tsai, Wei-Ho",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1023",
    pages = "219--228",
}
@inproceedings{lyu-etal-2004-hua,
    title = "華台雙語發音變異性之語音辨識研究及{PDA}之應用 (The study of pronunciation variations in {M}andarin and {T}aiwanese and its application in {PDA}) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lyu, Dau-cheng  and
      Hsien, Hong-Wen  and
      Lee, Yung-Xian  and
      Liou, Zhong-Ing  and
      Hsu, Chun-Nan  and
      Chiang, Yung-Jien  and
      Lyu, Ren-yuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1024",
    pages = "229--238",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2004-yi,
    title = "以語音辨識與評分輔助口說英文學習 (Spoken {E}nglish Learning Based on Speech Recognition and Assessment) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Jiang-Chun  and
      Lo, Jui-Lin  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing  and
      Lee, Chun-Jen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1025",
    pages = "239--248",
}
@inproceedings{ting-tai-2004-design,
    title = "The Design of Computer Multimedia Material for {E}nglish Language Learning",
    author = "Ting, Yu-liang  and
      Tai, Yaming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1026",
    pages = "249--256",
}
@inproceedings{jian-etal-2004-collocational,
    title = "Collocational Translation Memory Extraction Based on Statistical and Linguistic Information",
    author = "Jian, Jia-Yan  and
      Chang, Yu-Chia  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1027",
    pages = "257--264",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2004-new,
    title = "A New Two-Layer Approach for Spoken Language Translation",
    author = "Wang, Jhing-Fa  and
      Lin, Shun-Chieh  and
      Yang, Hsueh-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1028",
    pages = "265--272",
}
@inproceedings{lin-gao-2004-jie,
    title = "結合統計與語言訊息的混合式中英雙語句對應演算法 (Combining Linguistic and Statistical Information in {C}hinese-{E}nglish Bilingual Sentence Alignment) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Yu-Chun  and
      Gao, Zhao Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1029",
    pages = "273--283",
}
@inproceedings{chang-huang-2004-zhong,
    title = "中央研究院中英雙語知識本體詞網(Sinica {BOW})：結合詞網，知識本體，與領域標記的詞彙知識庫 (The Academia Sinica Bilingual Ontological {W}ordnet) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Ru-Yng  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1030",
    pages = "285--294",
}
@inproceedings{yang-chen-2004-yi,
    title = "以語法分析為輔建立新聞名詞知識庫 (Construction of Knowledge Base for News Names by Applying Syntactic Rules) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yang, Chang-Hua  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1031",
    pages = "295--304",
}
@inproceedings{shih-etal-2004-construction,
    title = "The Construction of a {C}hinese Named Entity Tagged Corpus: {CNEC}1.0",
    author = "Shih, Cheng-Wei  and
      Tsai, Tzong-Han  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Hsieh, Chiu-Chen  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1032",
    pages = "305--313",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2004-ying,
    title = "應用機率式句法結構與隱含式語意索引於情緒語音合成之單元選取 (Unit Selection for Corpus-Based Emotional Speech Synthesis Using {PCFG} and {LSI}) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Jiun-Fu  and
      Hsia, Chi-Chun  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1033",
    pages = "315--324",
}
@inproceedings{gu-etal-2004-fang,
    title = "仿趙氏音高尺度之基週軌跡正規化方法及其應用 (A Pitch-Contour Normalization Method Following Zhao{'}s Pitch Scale and Its Application) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gu, Hung-yan  and
      Chang, Hsiao-Fen  and
      Wu, Chun Hsin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1034",
    pages = "325--334",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2004-ji,
    title = "基於反轉檔查找與最佳片段選取演算法的中文語音合成系統 (A {M}andarin Text-to-speech System based on Inverted File Indexing and Unit Selection) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Cheng Yuan  and
      Hsieh, Ming-Feng  and
      Chen, Kuan-Ting  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1035",
    pages = "335--344",
}
@inproceedings{liao-shen-2004-improved,
    title = "Improved Prosody Module in a Text-to-Speech System",
    author = "Liao, Wen-Wei  and
      Shen, Jia-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1036",
    pages = "345--354",
}
@inproceedings{pao-etal-2004-construction,
    title = "The Construction and Testing of a {M}andarin Emotional Speech Database",
    author = "Pao, Tsang-Long  and
      Chen, Yu-Te  and
      Lu, Jhih-Jheng  and
      Yeh, Jun-Heng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1037",
    pages = "355--363",
}
@inproceedings{pao-etal-2004-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Emotions in {M}andarin Speech",
    author = "Pao, Tsang-Long  and
      Chen, Yu-Te  and
      Yeh, Jun-Heng  and
      Lu, Jhih-Jheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2004",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-1038",
    pages = "365--373",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2004-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2004: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XV}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2004",
}
@inproceedings{wu-chang-2004-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Collocation Extraction Based on Syntactic and Statistical Analyses",
    author = "Wu, Chien-Cheng  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2004: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XV}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-2001",
    pages = "1--20",
}
@inproceedings{liang-wu-2004-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in {E}nglish Texts",
    author = "Liang, Tyne  and
      Wu, Dian-Song",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2004: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XV}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-2002",
    pages = "21--40",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-etal-2004-auto,
    title = "Auto-Generation of {NVEF} Knowledge in {C}hinese",
    author = "Tsai, Jia-Lin  and
      Hsieh, Gladys  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2004: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XV}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-2003",
    pages = "41--64",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-etal-2004-mencius,
    title = "{M}encius: A {C}hinese Named Entity Recognizer Using the Maximum Entropy-based Hybrid Model",
    author = "Tsai, Tzong-Han  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Lee, Cheng-Wei  and
      Shih, Cheng-Wei  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2004: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XV}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-2004",
    pages = "65--82",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-chen-2004-reliable,
    title = "Reliable and Cost-Effective Pos-Tagging",
    author = "Tsai, Yu-Fang  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2004: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XV}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-2005",
    pages = "83--96",
}
@inproceedings{lin-2004-ji,
    title = "基於術語抽取與術語叢集技術的主題抽取(Topic Extraction Based on Techniques of Term Extraction and Term Clustering) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Sung-Chen",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2004: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XV}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-2006",
    pages = "97--112",
}
@inproceedings{lin-yu-2004-properties,
    title = "The Properties and Further Applications of {C}hinese Frequent Strings",
    author = "Lin, Yih-Jeng  and
      Yu, Ming-Shing",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 1, {F}ebruary 2004: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XV}",
    month = feb,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-2007",
    pages = "113--128",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2004-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 2, August 2004: Special Issue on New Trends of Speech and Language Processing",
    month = aug,
    year = "2004",
}
@inproceedings{lyu-etal-2004-toward,
    title = "Toward Constructing A Multilingual Speech Corpus for {T}aiwanese (Min-nan), {H}akka, and {M}andarin",
    author = "Lyu, Ren-Yuan  and
      Liang, Min-Siong  and
      Chiang, Yuang-Chin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 2, August 2004: Special Issue on New Trends of Speech and Language Processing",
    month = aug,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-3001",
    pages = "1--12",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2004-multiple,
    title = "Multiple-Translation Spotting for {M}andarin-{T}aiwanese Speech-to-Speech Translation",
    author = "Wang, Jhing-Fa  and
      Lin, Shun-Chieh  and
      Yang, Hsueh-Wei  and
      Li, Fan-Min",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 2, August 2004: Special Issue on New Trends of Speech and Language Processing",
    month = aug,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-3002",
    pages = "13--28",
}
@inproceedings{chien-etal-2004-latent,
    title = "Latent Semantic Language Modeling and Smoothing",
    author = "Chien, Jen-Tzung  and
      Wu, Meng-Sung  and
      Peng, Hua-Jui",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 2, August 2004: Special Issue on New Trends of Speech and Language Processing",
    month = aug,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-3003",
    pages = "29--44",
}
@inproceedings{chuang-wu-2004-multi,
    title = "Multi-Modal Emotion Recognition from Speech and Text",
    author = "Chuang, Ze-Jing  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 2, August 2004: Special Issue on New Trends of Speech and Language Processing",
    month = aug,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-3004",
    pages = "45--62",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2004-multiband,
    title = "Multiband Approach to Robust Text-Independent Speaker Identification",
    author = "Chen, Wan-Chen  and
      Hsieh, Ching-Tang  and
      Lai, Eugene",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 2, August 2004: Special Issue on New Trends of Speech and Language Processing",
    month = aug,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-3005",
    pages = "63--76",
}
@inproceedings{yang-2004-innovative,
    title = "An Innovative Distributed Speech Recognition Platform for Portable, Personalized and Humanized Wireless Devices",
    author = "Yang, Yin-Pin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 9, Number 2, August 2004: Special Issue on New Trends of Speech and Language Processing",
    month = aug,
    year = "2004",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O04-3006",
    pages = "77--94",
}
@proceedings{hlt-1989-speech,
    title = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1000",
}
@inproceedings{hirshman-1989-overview,
    title = "Overview of the {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop",
    author = "Hirshman, Lynette",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1001",
}
@inproceedings{nn-1989-workshop,
    title = "Workshop Agenda",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1002",
}
@inproceedings{nn-1989-reports,
    title = "Reports From Session Chairs",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1003",
}
@inproceedings{nn-1989-tutorials,
    title = "Tutorials",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1004",
}
@inproceedings{levinson-etal-1989-speaker,
    title = "SPEAKER INDEPENDENT PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION OF FLUENT SPEECH FOR LARGE VOCABULARY SPEECH RECOGNITION",
    author = "Levinson, S. E.  and
      Liberman, M. Y.  and
      Ljolje, A.  and
      Miller, L. G.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1005",
}
@inproceedings{makhoul-schwartz-1989-research,
    title = "Research in Continuous Speech Recognition",
    author = "Makhoul, John  and
      Schwartz, Richard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1006",
}
@inproceedings{roukos-1989-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Speech and Natural Language",
    author = "Roukos, Salim",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1007",
}
@inproceedings{bates-1989-rapid,
    title = "RAPID PORTING OF THE PARLANCE tm NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACE",
    author = "Bates, Madeleine",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1008",
}
@inproceedings{crowther-1989-common,
    title = "A COMMON FACTS DATA BASE",
    author = "Crowther, William",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1009",
}
@inproceedings{schwartz-etal-1989-bbn,
    title = "The {BBN} {BYBLOS} Continuous Speech Recognition System",
    author = "Schwartz, Richard  and
      Barry, Chris  and
      Chow, Yen-Lu  and
      Deft, Alan  and
      Feng, Ming-Whei  and
      Kimball, Owen  and
      Kubala, Francis  and
      Makhoul, John  and
      Vandegrift, Jeffrey",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1010",
}
@inproceedings{kubala-etal-1989-speaker,
    title = "Speaker Adaptation from Limited Training in the {BBN} {BYBLOS} Speech Recognition System",
    author = "Kubala, Francis  and
      Feng, Ming-Whei  and
      Makhoul, John  and
      Schwartz, Richard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1011",
}
@inproceedings{boisen-etal-1989-bbn,
    title = "THE BBN SPOKEN LANGUAGE SYSTEM",
    author = "Boisen, Sean  and
      Chow, Yen-Lu  and
      Haas, Andrew  and
      Ingria, Robert  and
      Roukos, Salim  and
      Stallard, David",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1012",
}
@inproceedings{weischedel-etal-1989-portability,
    title = "PORTABILITY IN THE JANUS NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACE",
    author = "Weischedel, Ralph M.  and
      Bobrow, Robert J.  and
      Ayuso, Damaris  and
      Ramshaw, Lance",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1013",
}
@inproceedings{reddy-1989-speech,
    title = "Speech Research at {C}arnegie Mellon",
    author = "Reddy, Raj",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1014",
}
@inproceedings{rudnicky-1989-design,
    title = "The design of voice-driven interfaces",
    author = "Rudnicky, Alexander I.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1015",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-1989-recent,
    title = "RECENT PROGRESS IN THE SPHINX SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM",
    author = "Lee, Kai-Fu  and
      Hon, Hsiao-Wuen  and
      Hwang, Mei-Yuh",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1016",
}
@inproceedings{young-1989-minds,
    title = "THE MINDS SYSTEM: USING CONTEXT AND DIALOG TO ENHANCE SPEECH RECOGNITION",
    author = "Young, Sheryl R.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1017",
}
@inproceedings{ward-1989-understanding,
    title = "UNDERSTANDING SPONTANEOUS SPEECH",
    author = "Ward, Wayne",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1018",
}
@inproceedings{baker-baker-1989-dragon,
    title = "Dragon",
    author = "Baker, Janet M.  and
      Baker, James K.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1019",
}
@inproceedings{danis-1989-goats,
    title = "GOATS TO SHEEP: CAN RECOGNITION RATE BE IMPROVED FOR POOR TANGORA SPEAKERS?",
    author = "Danis, Catalina M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1020",
}
@inproceedings{mann-hovy-1989-penman,
    title = "THE PENMAN LANGUAGE GENERATION PROJECT",
    author = "Mann, William C.  and
      Hovy, Eduard H.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1021",
}
@inproceedings{kasper-1989-flexible,
    title = "A Flexible Interface for Linking Applications to Penman{'}s Sentence Generator",
    author = "Kasper, Robert T.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1022",
}
@inproceedings{weinstein-1989-robust,
    title = "Robust Speech Recognition",
    author = "Weinstein, Clifford J.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1023",
}
@inproceedings{paul-1989-lincoln,
    title = "THE LINCOLN CONTINUOUS SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND RESULTS",
    author = "Paul, Douglas B.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1024",
}
@inproceedings{zue-1989-acoustic,
    title = "Acoustic-Phonetics Based Speech Recognition",
    author = "Zue, Victor W.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1025",
}
@inproceedings{seneff-1989-tina,
    title = "{TINA}: A PROBABILISTIC SYNTACTIC PARSER FOR SPEECH UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS",
    author = "Seneff, Stephanie",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1026",
}
@inproceedings{zue-etal-1989-mit,
    title = "THE MIT SUMMIT SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM: A PROGRESS REPORT",
    author = "Zue, Victor  and
      Glass, James  and
      Phillips, Michael  and
      Seneff, Stephanie",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1027",
}
@inproceedings{pallett-1989-national,
    title = "NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST) (Formerly National Bureau of Standards)",
    author = "Pallett, David S.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1028",
}
@inproceedings{wilks-etal-1989-new,
    title = "New {M}exico State University Computing Research Laboratory",
    author = "Wilks, Yorick  and
      Farwell, David  and
      Ballim, Afzal  and
      Hartley, Roger",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1029",
}
@inproceedings{sundheim-1989-naval,
    title = "Naval Ocean Systems Center",
    author = "Sundheim, Beth",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1030",
}
@inproceedings{nunn-hupp-1989-naval,
    title = "Naval Ocean Systems Center ({NOSC}) User Interface Technology, Code 441",
    author = "Nunn, Steve  and
      Hupp, Nancy",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1031",
}
@inproceedings{sundheim-1989-plans,
    title = "PLANS FOR A TASK-ORIENTED EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS",
    author = "Sundheim, Beth M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1032",
}
@inproceedings{grishman-1989-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Understanding",
    author = "Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1033",
}
@inproceedings{grishman-sterling-1989-analyzing,
    title = "ANALYZING TELEGRAPHIC MESSAGES",
    author = "Grishman, Ralph  and
      Sterling, John",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1034",
}
@inproceedings{joshi-etal-1989-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Research",
    author = "Joshi, Aravind  and
      Marcus, Mitch  and
      Steedman, Mark  and
      Webber, Bonnie",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1035",
}
@inproceedings{abeille-etal-1989-lexicalized,
    title = "Lexicalized {TAG}s, Parsing and Lexicons",
    author = "Abeille, Anne  and
      Bishop, Kathleen  and
      Cote, Sharon  and
      Joshi, Aravind K.  and
      Schabes, Yves",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1036",
}
@inproceedings{cheikes-webber-1989-elements,
    title = "Elements of a Computational Model of Cooperative Response Generation",
    author = "Cheikes, Brant A.  and
      Webber, Bonnie L.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1037",
}
@inproceedings{steedman-1989-intonation,
    title = "Intonation and Syntax in Spoken Language Systems",
    author = "Steedman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1038",
}
@inproceedings{zweig-1989-preprocessor,
    title = "A Preprocessor for Speech Recognition Systems Operating in Noisy Environments",
    author = "Zweig, George",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1039",
}
@inproceedings{zweig-1989-auditory,
    title = "AUDITORY SPEECH PREPROCESSORS",
    author = "Zweig, George",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1040",
}
@inproceedings{bemstein-murveit-1989-sri,
    title = "{SRI} International, Speech Recognition Program, Menlo Park, {CA}",
    author = "Bemstein, Jared  and
      Murveit, Hy",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1041",
}
@inproceedings{murveit-etal-1989-sris,
    title = "SRI{'}s DECIPHER System",
    author = "Murveit, Hy  and
      Cohen, Michael  and
      Price, Patti  and
      Baldwin, Gay  and
      Weintraub, Mitch  and
      Bernstein, Jared",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1042",
}
@inproceedings{moore-etal-1989-integrating,
    title = "INTEGRATING SPEECH AND NATURAL-LANGUAGE PROCESSING",
    author = "Moore, Robert  and
      Pereira, Fernando  and
      Murveit, Hy",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1043",
}
@inproceedings{godfrey-rajasekaran-1989-speech,
    title = "SPEECH DATA BASE",
    author = "Godfrey, John J.  and
      Rajasekaran, Raja",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1044",
}
@inproceedings{hemphill-picone-1989-chart,
    title = "Chart Parsing of Stochastic Spoken Language Models",
    author = "Hemphill, Charles  and
      Picone, Joseph",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1045",
}
@inproceedings{doddington-1989-initial,
    title = "INITIAL DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEXT-GENERATION SPOKEN LANGUAGE SYSTEMS SPEECH RESEARCH DATABASE",
    author = "Doddington, George R.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1046",
}
@inproceedings{wilensky-1989-ucb,
    title = "UCB",
    author = "Wilensky, Robert",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1047",
}
@inproceedings{hirschman-palmer-1989-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Understanding: Integrating Syntaz, Semantics, and Discourse.",
    author = "Hirschman, Lynette  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1048",
}
@inproceedings{ball-1989-analyzing,
    title = "ANALYZING EXPLICITLY-STRUCTURED DISCOURSE IN A LIMITED DOMAIN: TROUBLE AND FAILURE REPORTS",
    author = "Ball, Catherine N.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1049",
}
@inproceedings{dowding-1989-reducing,
    title = "REDUCING SEARCH BY PARTITIONING THE WORD NETWORK",
    author = "Dowding, John",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1050",
}
@inproceedings{hirschman-etal-1989-porting,
    title = "PORTING PUNDIT TO THE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DOMAIN",
    author = "Hirschman, Lynette  and
      Lang, Francois-Michel  and
      Dowding, John  and
      Weir, Carl",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1051",
}
@inproceedings{withgott-kaplan-1989-analysis,
    title = "Analysis and Symbolic Processing of Unrestricted Speech",
    author = "Withgott, M. Margaret  and
      Kaplan, Ronald M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1052",
}
@inproceedings{chen-shrager-1989-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Discovery of Contextual Factors Describing Phonological Variation",
    author = "Chen, Francine R.  and
      Shrager, Jeff",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1053",
}
@inproceedings{kupiec-1989-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Models of Short and Long Distance Word Dependencies in Running Text",
    author = "Kupiec, Julian",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Philadelphia, {P}ennsylvania, {F}ebruary 21-23, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-1054",
}
@proceedings{hlt-1989-speech-natural,
    title = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2000",
}
@inproceedings{hirschman-1989-report,
    title = "REPORT ON SESSION {I}: PROSODIC AIDS TO SPEECH RECOGNITION",
    author = "Hirschman, Lynette",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2001",
}
@inproceedings{price-etal-1989-prosody,
    title = "PROSODY AND PARSING",
    author = "Price, P. J.  and
      Ostendorf, M.  and
      Wightman, C.W.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2002",
}
@inproceedings{beckman-1989-timing,
    title = "TIMING MODELS FOR PROSODY AND CROSS-WORD COARTICULATION IN CONNECTED SPEECH",
    author = "Beckman, Mary E.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2003",
}
@inproceedings{hirschberg-1989-distinguishing,
    title = "Distinguishing Questions by Contour Speech Recognition Tasks",
    author = "Hirschberg, Julia",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2004",
}
@inproceedings{price-1989-summary,
    title = "SUMMARY OF SESSION 2: Spoken Language Systems {I}",
    author = "Price, P.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2005",
}
@inproceedings{stallard-1989-unification,
    title = "UNIFICATION-BASED SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION IN THE BBN SPOKEN LANGUAGE SYSTEM",
    author = "Stallard, David",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2006",
}
@inproceedings{ward-1989-modelling,
    title = "Modelling Non-verbal Sounds for Speech Recognition",
    author = "Ward, Wayne",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2007",
}
@inproceedings{zue-etal-1989-voyager,
    title = "THE VOYAGER SPEECH UNDERSTANDING SYSTEM: A PROGRESS REPORT",
    author = "Zue, Victor  and
      Glass, James  and
      Goodine, David  and
      Leung, Hong  and
      Phillips, Michael  and
      Polifroni, Joseph  and
      Seneff, Stephanie",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2008",
}
@inproceedings{ball-etal-1989-answers,
    title = "ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS: PROCESSING MESSAGES AND QUERIES",
    author = "Ball, Catherine N.  and
      Dahl, Deborah  and
      Norton, Lewis M.  and
      Hirschman, Lynette  and
      Weir, Carl  and
      Linebarger, Marcia",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2009",
}
@inproceedings{webber-1989-natural,
    title = "Natural Language {I}",
    author = "Webber, Bonnie Lynn",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2010",
}
@inproceedings{grishman-sterling-1989-preference,
    title = "Preference Semantics for Message Understanding",
    author = "Grishman, Ralph  and
      Sterling, John",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2011",
}
@inproceedings{church-etal-1989-parsing-word,
    title = "Parsing, Word Associations and Typical Predicate-Argument Relations",
    author = "Church, Kenneth  and
      Gale, William  and
      Hanks, Patrick  and
      Hindle, Donald",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2012",
}
@inproceedings{church-gale-1989-enhanced,
    title = "Enhanced Good-{T}uring and {C}at.{C}al: Two New Methods for Estimating Probabilities of {E}nglish Bigrams (abbreviated version)",
    author = "Church, Kenneth W.  and
      Gale, William A.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2013",
}
@inproceedings{kupiec-1989-augmenting,
    title = "Augmenting a Hidden {M}arkov Model for Phrase-Dependent Word Tagging",
    author = "Kupiec, Julian",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2014",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-1989-new,
    title = "NEW POSSIBILITIES IN MACHINE TRANSLATION",
    author = "Hovy, Eduard H.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2015",
}
@inproceedings{pallett-1989-data,
    title = "Data Collection And Evaluation",
    author = "Pallett, David S.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2016",
}
@inproceedings{kowtko-price-1989-data,
    title = "DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS IN THE AIR TRAVEL PLANNING DOMAIN",
    author = "Kowtko, Jacqueline C.  and
      Price, Patti J.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2017",
}
@inproceedings{zue-etal-1989-collection,
    title = "THE COLLECTION AND PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF A SPONTANEOUS SPEECH DATABASE",
    author = "Zue, Victor  and
      Daly, Nancy  and
      Glass, James  and
      Goodine, David  and
      Leung, Hong  and
      Phillips, Michael  and
      Polifroni, Joseph  and
      Seneff, Stephanie  and
      Soclof, Michal",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2018",
}
@inproceedings{boisen-etal-1989-proposal,
    title = "A PROPOSAL FOR SLS EVALUATION",
    author = "Boisen, Sean  and
      Ramshaw, Lance  and
      Ayuso, Damaris  and
      Bates, Madeleine",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2019",
}
@inproceedings{derr-schwartz-1989-simple,
    title = "A Simple Statistical Class Grammar for Measuring Speech Recognition Performance",
    author = "Derr, Alan  and
      Schwartz, Richard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2020",
}
@inproceedings{rudnicky-etal-1989-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating spoken language interaction",
    author = "Rudnicky, Alexander I.  and
      Sakamoto, Michelle  and
      Polifroni, Joseph H.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2021",
}
@inproceedings{zue-etal-1989-preliminary,
    title = "PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE VOYAGER SPOKEN LANGUAGE SYSTEM",
    author = "Zue, Victor  and
      Glass, James  and
      Goodine, David  and
      Leung, Hong  and
      Phillips, Michael  and
      Polifroni, Joseph  and
      Seneff, Stephanie",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2022",
}
@inproceedings{grishman-1989-data,
    title = "Data Collection and Evaluation {II}",
    author = "Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2023",
}
@inproceedings{liberman-1989-text,
    title = "Text on Tap: the {ACL}/{DCI}",
    author = "Liberman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2024",
}
@inproceedings{stern-1989-spoken,
    title = "Spoken Language Systems {II}",
    author = "Stern, Richard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2025",
}
@inproceedings{sturtevant-1989-stack,
    title = "A STACK DECODER FOR CONTINOUS SPEECH RECOGNITION",
    author = "Sturtevant, Dean G.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2026",
}
@inproceedings{chow-schwartz-1989-n,
    title = "The N-Best Algorithm: Efficient Procedure for Finding Top N Sentence Hypotheses",
    author = "Chow, Yen-Lu  and
      Schwartz, Richard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2027",
}
@inproceedings{paul-1989-csr,
    title = "A CSR-NL INTERFACE SPECIFICATION Version 1.51",
    author = "Paul, Douglas B.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2028",
}
@inproceedings{bates-1989-summary,
    title = "Summary of Session 7 {--} Natural Language (Part 2)",
    author = "Bates, Madeleine",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2029",
}
@inproceedings{wilks-hartley-1989-belief,
    title = "Belief Ascription and Model Generative Reasoning: joining two paradigms to a robust parser of messages.",
    author = "Wilks, Yorick  and
      Hartley, Roger",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2030",
}
@inproceedings{ingna-ramshaw-1989-porting,
    title = "PORTING TO NEW DOMAINS USING THE LEARNER",
    author = "Ingna, Robert J. P.  and
      Ramshaw, Lance",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2031",
}
@inproceedings{baker-1989-overview,
    title = "{OVERVIEW}: CONTINUOUS SPEECH RECOGNITION {I}",
    author = "Baker, Janet M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2032",
}
@inproceedings{austin-etal-1989-improved,
    title = "Improved {HMM} Models for High Performance Speech Recognition",
    author = "Austin, Steve  and
      Barry, Chris  and
      Chow, Yen-Lu  and
      Derr, Man  and
      Kimball, Owen  and
      Kubala, Francis  and
      Makhoul, John  and
      Placeway, Paul  and
      Russell, William  and
      Schwartz, Richard  and
      Yu, George",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2033",
}
@inproceedings{kubala-etal-1989-speaker-adaptation,
    title = "Speaker Adaptation Using Multiple Reference Speakers",
    author = "Kubala, Francis  and
      Schwartz, Richard  and
      Barry, Chris",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2034",
}
@inproceedings{asadi-etal-1989-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection Of New Words In A Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition System",
    author = "Asadi, Ayman  and
      Schwartz, Richard  and
      Makhoul, John",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2035",
}
@inproceedings{alleva-lee-1989-automatic,
    title = "Automatic New Word Acquisition: Spelling from Acoustics",
    author = "Alleva, Fil  and
      Lee, Kai-Fu",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2036",
}
@inproceedings{hon-etal-1989-towards,
    title = "TOWARDS SPEECH RECOGNITION WITHOUT VOCABULARY-SPECIFIC TRAINING",
    author = "Hon, Hsiao-Wuen  and
      Lee, Kai-Fu  and
      Weide, Robert",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2037",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-1989-large,
    title = "Large-Vocabulary Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition with {S}emi.{C}ontinuous Hidden {M}arkov Models",
    author = "Huang, X.D.  and
      Hon, H.W.  and
      Lee, K.F.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2038",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-1989-acoustic,
    title = "ACOUSTIC MODELING OF SUBWORD UNITS FOR LARGE VOCABULARY SPEAKER INDEPENDENT SPEECH RECOGNITION",
    author = "Lee, Chin-Hui  and
      Rabiner, Lawrence R.  and
      Pieraccini, Roberto  and
      Wilpon, Jay G.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2039",
}
@inproceedings{levinson-ljolje-1989-continuous,
    title = "Continuous Speech Recognition from Phonetic Transcription",
    author = "Levinson, S. E.  and
      Ljolje, A",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2040",
}
@inproceedings{paul-1989-tied,
    title = "TIED MIXTURES IN THE LINCOLN ROBUST CSR",
    author = "Paul, Douglas B.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2041",
}
@inproceedings{weinstein-1989-summary,
    title = "SUMMARY OF SESSION 9 - FUTURE PLANS",
    author = "Weinstein, Clifford",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2042",
}
@inproceedings{doddington-1989-summary,
    title = "SUMMARY OF SESSION 10 - Continous Speech Recognition II",
    author = "Doddington, George",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2043",
}
@inproceedings{stern-acero-1989-acoustical,
    title = "ACOUSTICAL PRE-PROCESSING FOR ROBUST SPEECH RECOGNITION",
    author = "Stern, Richard M.  and
      Acero, Alejandro",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2044",
}
@inproceedings{erell-weintraub-1989-spectral,
    title = "SPECTRAL ESTIMATION FOR NOISE ROBUST SPEECH RECOGNITION",
    author = "Erell, Adoram  and
      Weintraub, Mitch",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2045",
}
@inproceedings{byrne-etal-1989-auditory,
    title = "THE AUDITORY PROCESSING AND RECOGNITION OF SPEECH",
    author = "Byrne, William  and
      Robinson, John  and
      Shamma, Shihab",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2046",
}
@inproceedings{digalakis-etal-1989-improvements,
    title = "Improvements in the Stochastic Segment Model for Phoneme Recognition",
    author = "Digalakis, V.  and
      Ostendorf, M.  and
      Rohlicek, J.R.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2047",
}
@inproceedings{riley-1989-applications,
    title = "Some Applications of Tree-based Modelling to Speech and Language",
    author = "Riley, Michael D.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2048",
}
@inproceedings{stolfo-etal-1989-speech,
    title = "SPEECH RECOGNITION IN PARALLEL",
    author = "Stolfo, Salvatore J.  and
      Galil, Zvi  and
      McKeown, Kathleen  and
      Mills, Russell",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2049",
}
@inproceedings{chen-1989-contextually,
    title = "Contextually-Based Data-Derived Pronunciation Networks for Automatic Speech Recognition",
    author = "Chen, Francine R.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2050",
}
@inproceedings{church-1989-session,
    title = "Session 11 Natural Language {III}",
    author = "Church, Kenneth Ward",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2051",
}
@inproceedings{allen-hinkelman-1989-using,
    title = "Using Structural Constraints for Speech Act Interpretation",
    author = "Allen, James F.  and
      Hinkelman, Elizabeth",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2052",
}
@inproceedings{joshi-schabes-1989-evaluation,
    title = "AN EVALUATION OF LEXICALIZATION IN PARSING",
    author = "Joshi, Aravind K.  and
      Schabes, Yves",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2053",
}
@inproceedings{neal-etal-1989-natural,
    title = "Natural Language with Integrated Deictic and Graphic Gestures",
    author = "Neal, J.G.  and
      Thielman, C.Y.  and
      Dobes, Z.  and
      Haller, S.M.  and
      Shapiro, S.C.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2054",
}
@inproceedings{feiner-mckeown-1989-coordinating,
    title = "COORDINATING TEXT AND GRAPHICS IN EXPLANATION GENERATION",
    author = "Feiner, Steven K.  and
      McKeown, Kathleen R.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2055",
}
@inproceedings{schwartz-1989-summary,
    title = "Summary of Session on Hardware for Spoken Language Demonstrations",
    author = "Schwartz, Richard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2056",
}
@inproceedings{weischedel-1989-research,
    title = "Research and Development in Natural Language Understanding",
    author = "Weischedel, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2057",
}
@inproceedings{makhoul-schwartz-1989-research-continuous,
    title = "RESEARCH IN CONTINUOUS SPEECH RECOGNITION",
    author = "Makhoul, John  and
      Schwartz, Richard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2058",
}
@inproceedings{makhoul-1989-spoken,
    title = "SPOKEN LANGUAGE SYSTEMS",
    author = "Makhoul, John",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2059",
}
@inproceedings{wilensky-1989-generalized,
    title = "Generalized Consultation Systems and Knowledge Acquisition",
    author = "Wilensky, Robert",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2060",
}
@inproceedings{ostendorf-price-1989-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating the Use of Prosodic Information in Speech Recognition and Understanding",
    author = "Ostendorf, Mari  and
      Price, Patti",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2061",
}
@inproceedings{ostendorf-rohlicek-1989-segment,
    title = "Segment-Based Acoustic Models with Multi-level Search Algorithms for Continuous Speech Recognition",
    author = "Ostendorf, Mari  and
      Rohlicek, J. Robin",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2062",
}
@inproceedings{silverman-1989-microphone,
    title = "A Microphone Array System for Speech Recognition",
    author = "Silverman, Harvey F.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2063",
}
@inproceedings{reddy-1989-speech-research,
    title = "Speech Research at {C}arnegie Mellon",
    author = "Reddy, Raj",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2064",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-1989-current,
    title = "THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE PENMAN LANGUAGE GENERATION SYSTEM",
    author = "Hovy, Eduard H.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2065",
}
@inproceedings{zue-1989-research,
    title = "Research and Development for Spoken Language Systems",
    author = "Zue, Victor W.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2066",
}
@inproceedings{weinstein-paul-1989-robust,
    title = "Robust Speech Recognition Technology Program Summary",
    author = "Weinstein, Clifford J.  and
      Paul, Douglas B.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2067",
}
@inproceedings{sundheim-1989-establishing,
    title = "Establishing Performance Baselines for Text Understanding Systems",
    author = "Sundheim, Beth",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2068",
}
@inproceedings{grishman-1989-robust,
    title = "ROBUST NATURAL LANGUAGE ANALYSIS",
    author = "Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2069",
}
@inproceedings{josephson-etal-1989-pilot,
    title = "PILOT PROJECT ON SPEECH RECOGNITION USING LAYERED ABDUCTION AND MULTIPLE KNOWLEDGE TYPES",
    author = "Josephson, J.  and
      Beckman, M.  and
      Fox, R.  and
      Krishnamurthy, A.  and
      Patten, T.  and
      Feth, L.  and
      Chandrasekaran, B.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2070",
}
@inproceedings{allen-schubert-1989-natural,
    title = "Natural Language, Knowledge Representation and Discourse",
    author = "Allen, James F.  and
      Schubert, Lenhart K.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2071",
}
@inproceedings{zweig-1989-preprocessors,
    title = "Preprocessors for Noisy Speech",
    author = "Zweig, George",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2072",
}
@inproceedings{price-1989-integration,
    title = "Integration of Speech and Natural Language Understanding for Spoken Language Systems ({SLS})",
    author = "Price, Patti",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2073",
}
@inproceedings{murveit-1989-real,
    title = "REAL-TIME SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS",
    author = "Murveit, Hy",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2074",
}
@inproceedings{hobbs-etal-1989-tacitus,
    title = "{TACITUS}: A Message Understanding System",
    author = "Hobbs, Jerry R.  and
      Appelt, Douglas  and
      Bear, John  and
      Stickel, Mark  and
      Tyson, Mabry",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2075",
}
@inproceedings{withgott-kaplan-1989-analysis-symbolic,
    title = "Analysis and Symbolic Processing of Unrestricted Speech",
    author = "Withgott, M. Margaret  and
      Kaplan, Ronald M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2076",
}
@inproceedings{makhoul-etal-1989-white,
    title = "WHITE PAPER ON SPOKEN LANGUAGE SYSTEMS",
    author = "Makhoul, John  and
      Jelinek, Fred  and
      Rabiner, Larry  and
      Weinstein, Clifford  and
      Zue, Victor",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2077",
}
@inproceedings{weischedel-etal-1989-white,
    title = "White Paper on Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Weischedel, Ralph  and
      Carbonell, Jaime  and
      Grosz, Barbara  and
      Lehnert, Wendy  and
      Marcus, Mitchell  and
      Perrault, Raymond  and
      Wilensky, Robert",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2078",
}
@inproceedings{nn-1989-author,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989",
    year = "1989",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H89-2079",
}
@article{cl-1974-american,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (September 1974)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1974",
}
@article{nn-1974-finite,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 11, Number 1",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 1",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-1001",
    abstract = "{NSF} Sponsorship for {AJCL} (A. Hood Roberts); Microfiche Viewing Equipment Guide (Ronald F. Borden); {ACL} Officers 1975 (Aravind K. Joshi); {ACL} Program, July 26-27, 1974; Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing (R. A. Wisbey); Computer at {MIT} Can Read (Jonathan Allen); Computer-Assisted Lexicography - Bibliography (Richard W. Bailey); Current Bibliography (Brian Harris; R. Laskowski)",
}
@article{fitzpatrick-sager-1974-lexical,
    title = "The Lexical Subclasses of the Linguistic String Parser",
    author = "Fitzpatrick, Eileen  and
      Sager, Naomi",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 2",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-1002",
}
@article{carbonell-collins-1974-natural,
    title = "Natural Semantics in Artificial Intelligence",
    author = "Carbonell, Jaime R.  and
      Collins, Allan M.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 3",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-1003",
}
@article{findler-viil-1974-steps,
    title = "A Few Steps Towards Computer Lexicometry",
    author = "Findler, Nicholas V.  and
      Viil, Heino",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 4",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-1004",
}
@article{colby-etal-1974-pattern,
    title = "Pattern-Matching Rules for the Recognition of Natural Language Dialogue Expressions",
    author = "Colby, Kenneth Mark  and
      Parkison, Roger C.  and
      Faught, Bill",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 5",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-1005",
}
@article{cl-1974-american-journal,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (December 1974)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
}
@article{nn-1974-finite-string,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 11, Number 2",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 6",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-2001",
    abstract = "Personal Notes; Computational Semantics Tutorial at {L}ugano in {M}arch; Artificial Intelligence: Directory Being Compiled (Donald E. Walker); Letters: {L}ogos Development Corporation on {MT} System (Yorick Wilks); {S}olar Project Distributes Materials (Tim Diller; John Olney; Nathan Ucuzoglu); {NAS/NRC} Studies International Information Programs; {NFAIS} Meeting, Overlap Study, Indexer Training Kit (Ben H. Weil); On-line Terminal Searching Course at {P}ratt in January (Patricia Breivik); Educational Data Systems Association Convention; Publication Problems: Journal Prices Rising (Philip H. Abelson); 3rd {P}isa Summer School: Report of Courses, Lectures (Antonio Zampoli); Summer School at {S}tuttgart: Report of Lectures (Hans-Jochen Schneider); Information and Philology Conference: Report (Marichal); {A}riosto Concordance in Progress (Cesare Segre); Text Data: Roundtable on Analytic Procedures Held; {SIGLASH} (Michael Lesk; Robert Wachal; Dolores Burton; Karen Mullen); Political Science Concepts to be Collected and Analyzed (George J. Graham); Reliable Software Conference, {L}os {A}ngeles, {A}pril (M. L. Shooman); Psycholinguistics Conference, {N}ew {Y}ork, {J}anuary; {NSF}: Excerpts from the Organizational Directory (H. Guyford Stever); Microfiche Equipment: Background Information for Buyers (Dake Gaddy); Artificial Intelligence in {P}oland: Bibliography; {AAAS} Meeting: {J}anuary (W. M. Carlson); Current Bibliography (Brian Harris; R. Laskowski)",
}
@article{buttelmann-1974-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Directed Translation of Context Free Languages",
    author = "Buttelmann, H. William",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 7",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-2002",
}
@article{plath-1974-string,
    title = "String Transformations in the {R}equest System",
    author = "Plath, Warren J.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 8",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-2003",
}
@article{cl-1974-american-journal-linguistics,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (December 1974)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
}
@article{nn-1974-finite-string-volume,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 11, Number 3",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 9",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-3001",
    pages = "1--27",
    abstract = "International Conference - {COLING} 76 (Dr. Guy Rondeau); Workshop - Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing ({TINLAP}) (Bonnie Nash Webber; Roger Schank); Summer School - Computational Linguistics at {R}ocquencourt (M. Andreewsky); Summer School - Literary Statistics at {C}ambridge, {E}ngland (M. H. T. Alford); International Conference - Computers and the Humanities (Robert Dilligan; Rudolf Hirschmann; Joseph Raben; Donald Ross; Todd K. Bender; Grace C. Hertlein); {NFAIS} Conference - Information Interfaces (Ben H. Weil; Joseph Coyne; Ann Farren; A. Hood Roberts); {IEEE} Conference - Computers to Reach the People (Martin L. Rubin; Susan Wittig; Kerry Mark Joels; O. Firschein And R. K. Summat); {IFIP} Conference - Computers in Education; International Conference - Developing Countries (Dr. H. A. Al-Bayati; A. A. M. Veenhuis; Richard C. Atkinson); {NSF} Deputy Director - Richard C. Atkinson nominated; {NEH} Calendar - grant applications; National Program Draft: Library and Information services; Research Progress: {I}ndex {T}homisticus in press (Roberto Busa S.J.); Computer Security: {AFIPS} and {ACM} publish guides (Robert L. Patrick)",
}
@article{raskin-1974-opinion,
    title = "Opinion: A Restricted Sublanguage Approach to High Quality Translation",
    author = "Raskin, Victor",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 9",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-3002",
    pages = "28--37",
}
@article{bocsa-1974-technique,
    title = "Technique: Letters with Variable Values and the Mechanical Inflection of {R}umanian Words",
    author = "Bocsa, Minerva",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 9",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-3003",
    pages = "38--52",
}
@article{nn-1974-finite-string-volume-11,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 11, Number 3 (continued)",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 9",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-3004",
    pages = "53--54",
    abstract = "{ACL}: Secretary-Treasurer{'}s report; {ACL}: Editor{'}s report",
}
@article{chafe-1974-verbalization,
    title = "Verbalization and Translation by Machine",
    author = "Chafe, Wallace L.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 10",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-3005",
}
@article{marckworth-baker-1974-discriminant,
    title = "A Discriminant Function Analysis of Co-Variation of a Number of Syntactic Devices in Five Prose Genres",
    author = "Marckworth, Mary Lois  and
      Baker, Wm. J.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 11",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-3006",
}
@article{von-glasersfeld-1974-yerkish,
    title = "The {Y}erkish Language for Non-Human Primates",
    author = "von Glasersfeld, Ernst",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 12",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-3007",
}
@article{rieger-1974-understanding,
    title = "Understanding by Conceptual Inference",
    author = "Rieger, Chuck",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 13",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-3008",
}
@article{nn-1974-finite-string-volume-11-number,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 11, Number 4",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1974",
    note = "Microfiche 14",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J74-3009",
    abstract = "Bibliography; Name Index",
}
@proceedings{ws-1999-relation,
    title = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0100",
}
@inproceedings{kasper-etal-1999-integrated,
    title = "An Integrated Approach to Reference and Presupposition Resolution",
    author = "Kasper, Robert T.  and
      Davis, Paul C.  and
      Roberts, Craige",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0101",
}
@inproceedings{matsui-1999-approaches,
    title = "Approaches,to {J}apanese zero pronouns: Centering and relevance",
    author = "Matsui, Tomoko",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0102",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-1999-anaphora,
    title = "Anaphora Resolution using Extended Centen{'}ng Algorithm in a Multi-modal Dialogue System",
    author = "Kim, Harksoo  and
      Cho, Jeong-Mi  and
      Seo, Jungyun",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0103",
}
@inproceedings{harabagiu-maiorano-1999-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge-Lean Coreference Resolution and its Relation to Textual Cohesion and Coherence",
    author = "Harabagiu, Sanda M.  and
      Maiorano, Steven J.",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0104",
}
@inproceedings{not-etal-1999-positing,
    title = "Positing and resolving bridging anaphora in deverba! {NP}s",
    author = "Not, Elena  and
      Tovena, Lucia M.  and
      Zancanaro, Massimo",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0105",
}
@inproceedings{cristea-etal-1999-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Structure and Co-Reference: An Empirical Study",
    author = "Cristea, Dan  and
      Ide, Nancy  and
      Marcu, Daniel  and
      Tablan, Valentin",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0106",
}
@inproceedings{decristofaro-etal-1999-building,
    title = "Building a Tool for Annotating Reference in Discourse",
    author = "DeCristofaro, Jonathan  and
      Strube, Michael  and
      McCoy, Kathleen E.",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0107",
}
@inproceedings{mccoy-strube-1999-generating,
    title = "Generating Anaphoric Expressions: Pronoun or Definite Description?",
    author = "McCoy, Kathleen E.  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0108",
}
@inproceedings{kibble-1999-cb,
    title = "Cb or not Cb? Centering theory applied to {NLG}",
    author = "Kibble, Rodger",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0109",
}
@inproceedings{gordon-hendrick-1999-comprehension,
    title = "Comprehension of Coreferentiai Expressions",
    author = "Gordon, Peter C.  and
      Hendrick, Randall",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0110",
}
@inproceedings{seville-ramsay-1999-reference,
    title = "Reference-based Discourse Structure for Reference Resolution",
    author = "Seville, Helen  and
      Ramsay, Allan",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0111",
}
@inproceedings{schilder-1999-reference,
    title = "Reference Hashed",
    author = "Schilder, Frank",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0112",
}
@inproceedings{polanyi-van-den-berg-1999-logical,
    title = "Logical Structure and Discourse Anaphora Resolution",
    author = "Polanyi, Livia  and
      van den Berg, Martin",
    booktitle = "The Relation of Discourse/Dialogue Structure and Reference",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0113",
}
@proceedings{ws-1999-coreference,
    title = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0200",
}
@inproceedings{bagga-baldwin-1999-cross,
    title = "Cross-Document Event Coreference: Annotations, Experiments, and Observations",
    author = "Bagga, Amit  and
      Baldwin, Breck",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0201",
}
@inproceedings{ravin-kazi-1999-hillary,
    title = "Is Hillary Rodham {C}linton the President? Disambiguating Names across Documents",
    author = "Ravin, Yael  and
      Kazi, Zunaid",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0202",
}
@inproceedings{yamada-etal-1999-identification,
    title = "Identification of Coreference Between Names and Faces",
    author = "Yamada, Koichi  and
      Sugiyama, Kazunari  and
      Yonamine, Yasunori  and
      Nakagawa, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0203",
}
@inproceedings{utiyama-hasida-1999-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Slide Presentation from Semantically Annotated Documents",
    author = "Utiyama, Masao  and
      Hasida, Koiti",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0204",
}
@inproceedings{murata-etal-1999-resolution,
    title = "Resolution of Indirect Anaphora in {J}apanese Sentences Using Examples: {``}X no Y (Y of X){''}",
    author = "Murata, Masaki  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi  and
      Nagao, Makoto",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0205",
}
@inproceedings{murata-etal-1999-pronoun,
    title = "Pronoun Resolution in {J}apanese Sentences Using Surface Expressions and Examples",
    author = "Murata, Masaki  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi  and
      Nagao, Makoto",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0206",
}
@inproceedings{paul-etal-1999-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-Based Anaphora Resolution Towards Antecedent Preference",
    author = "Paul, Michael  and
      Yamamoto, Kazuhide  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0207",
}
@inproceedings{rocha-1999-coreference,
    title = "Coreference resolution in dialogues in {E}nglish and {P}ortuguese",
    author = "Rocha, Marco",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0208",
}
@inproceedings{amo-etal-1999-orthographic,
    title = "Orthographic Co-Reference Resolution Between Proper Nouns Through the Calculation of the Relation of {``}Replicancia{''}",
    author = "Amo, Pedro  and
      Ferreras, Francisco L.  and
      Cruz, Fernando  and
      Maldonado, Satumino",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0209",
}
@inproceedings{peral-etal-1999-coreference,
    title = "Coreference-oriented Interlingual Slot Structure {\&} Machine Translation",
    author = "Peral, Jesus  and
      Palomar, Manuel  and
      Ferrandez, Antonio",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0210",
}
@inproceedings{azzam-etal-1999-using,
    title = "Using Coreference Chains for Text Summarization",
    author = "Azzam, Saliha  and
      Humphreys, Kevin  and
      Gaizauskas, Robert",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0211",
}
@inproceedings{morton-1999-using,
    title = "Using Coreference for Question Answering",
    author = "Morton, Thomas S.",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0212",
}
@inproceedings{van-deemter-kibble-1999-coreference,
    title = "What is coreference, and what should coreference annotation be?",
    author = "van Deemter, Kees  and
      Kibble, Rodger",
    booktitle = "Coreference and Its Applications",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0213",
}
@proceedings{ws-1999-towards,
    title = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0300",
}
@inproceedings{bird-liberman-1999-annotation,
    title = "Annotation Graphs as a Framework for Multidimensional Linguistic Data Analysis",
    author = "Bird, Steven  and
      Liberman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0301",
}
@inproceedings{carletta-isard-1999-mate,
    title = "The {MATE} Annotation Workbench: User Requirements",
    author = "Carletta, Jean  and
      Isard, Amy",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0302",
}
@inproceedings{delannoy-1999-argumentation,
    title = "Argumentation Mark-Up: A Proposal",
    author = "Delannoy, Jean-Francois",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0303",
}
@inproceedings{ichikawa-etal-1999-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation of Annotation Schemes for {J}apanese Discourse {J}apanese Discourse Tagging Working Group",
    author = "Ichikawa, A.  and
      Araki, M.  and
      Horiuchi, Y.  and
      Ishizaki, M.  and
      Itabashi, S.  and
      Itoh, W.  and
      Kashioka, H  and
      Kato, K.  and
      Kikuchi, H.  and
      Koiso, H.  and
      Kumagai, T.  and
      Kurematsu, A.  and
      Maekawa, K.  and
      Nakazato, S.  and
      Tamoto, M.  and
      Tutiya, S.  and
      Yamashita, Y.  and
      Yoshimura, W.",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0304",
}
@inproceedings{klein-1999-standardisation,
    title = "STANDARDISATION EFFORTS ON THE LEVEL OF DIALOGUE ACT IN THE MATE PROJECT",
    author = "Klein, Marion",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0305",
}
@inproceedings{levin-etal-1999-tagging,
    title = "Tagging of Speech Acts and Dialogue Games in {S}panish Call Home",
    author = "Levin, Lori  and
      Ries, Klaus  and
      Thyme-Gobbel, Ann  and
      Lavie, Alon",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0306",
}
@inproceedings{marcu-etal-1999-experiments,
    title = "Experiments in Constructing a Corpus of Discourse Trees",
    author = "Marcu, Daniel  and
      Amorrortu, Estibaliz  and
      Romera, Magdalena",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0307",
}
@inproceedings{patrick-1999-tagging,
    title = "Tagging Psychotherapeutic Interviews for Linguistic Analysis",
    author = "Patrick, Jon David",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0308",
}
@inproceedings{poesio-etal-1999-mate,
    title = "The {MATE} meta-scheme for coreference in dialogues in multiple languages",
    author = "Poesio, M.  and
      Bruneseaux, F.  and
      Romary, L.",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0309",
}
@inproceedings{soria-pirrelli-1999-recognition,
    title = "A recognition-based meta-scheme for dialogue acts annotation",
    author = "Soria, Claudia  and
      Pirrelli, Vito",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0310",
}
@inproceedings{teufel-moens-1999-discourse,
    title = "Discourse-level argumentation in scientific articles: human and automatic annotation",
    author = "Teufel, Simone  and
      Moens, Marc",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0311",
}
@inproceedings{tonfoni-1999-mark,
    title = "A mark up language for tagging discourse and annotating documents in context sensitive interpretation environments",
    author = "Tonfoni, Graziella",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0312",
}
@inproceedings{traum-nakatani-1999-two,
    title = "A Two-level Approach to Coding Dialogue for Discourse Structure: Activities of the 1998 {DRI} Working Group on Higher-level Structures",
    author = "Traum, David R.  and
      Nakatani, Christine H.",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0313",
}
@inproceedings{zollo-core-1999-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Extracting Grounding Tags from {BF} Tags",
    author = "Zollo, Teresa  and
      Core, Mark",
    booktitle = "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0314",
}
@proceedings{ws-1999-computer,
    title = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0400",
}
@inproceedings{nn-1999-preface,
    title = "Preface",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0401",
}
@inproceedings{tomokiyo-burger-1999-eliciting,
    title = "ELICITING NATURAL SPEECH FROM NON-NATIVE USERS: COLLECTING SPEECH DATA FOR LVCSR",
    author = "Tomokiyo, Laura Mayfield  and
      Burger, Susanne",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0402",
}
@inproceedings{fairfield-1999-speech,
    title = "SPEECH COMPARISON IN The Rosetta Stone TM",
    author = "FAIRFIELD, John",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0403",
}
@inproceedings{malabonga-kenyon-1999-multimedia,
    title = "Multimedia Computer Technology and Performance-Based Language Testing: A Demonstration of the Computerized Oral Proficiency Instrument ({COPI})",
    author = "Malabonga, Valerie A.  and
      Kenyon, Dorry M.",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0404",
}
@inproceedings{levow-olsen-1999-modeling,
    title = "Modeling the language assessment process and result: Proposed architecture for automatic oral proficiency assessment",
    author = "Levow, Gina-Anne  and
      Olsen, Mari Broman",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0405",
}
@inproceedings{decrozant-voss-1999-dual,
    title = "Dual Use of Linguistic Resources: Evaluation of {MT} Systems and Language Learners",
    author = "Decrozant, Lisa  and
      Voss, Clare R.",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0406",
}
@inproceedings{lenci-etal-1999-fame,
    title = "{FAME}: a Functional Annotation Meta-scheme for multi-modal and multi-lingual Parsing Evaluation",
    author = "Lenci, Alessandro  and
      Montemagni, Simonetta  and
      Pirrelli, Vito  and
      Soria, Claudia",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0407",
}
@inproceedings{michaud-mccoy-1999-modeling,
    title = "Modeling User Language Proficiency in a Writing Tutor for Deaf Learners of {E}nglish",
    author = "Michaud, Lisa N.  and
      McCoy, Kathleen F.",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0408",
}
@inproceedings{heift-mcfetridge-1999-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting the Student Model to Emphasize Language Pedagogy in Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Heift, Trude  and
      McFetridge, Paul",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0409",
}
@inproceedings{fairon-1999-web,
    title = "A Web-Based System for Automatic Language Skill Assessment: {EVALING}",
    author = "Fairon, Cedrick",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0410",
}
@inproceedings{burstein-chodorow-1999-automated,
    title = "Automated Essay Scoring for Nonnative {E}nglish Speakers",
    author = "Burstein, Jill  and
      Chodorow, Martin",
    booktitle = "Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0411",
}
@proceedings{ws-1999-siglex99,
    title = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0500",
}
@inproceedings{harabagiu-etal-1999-wordnet,
    title = "{W}ord{N}et 2 - A Morphologically and Semantically Enhanced Resource",
    author = "Harabagiu, Sanda M.  and
      Miller, George A.  and
      Moldovan, Dan I.",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0501",
}
@inproceedings{ng-etal-1999-case,
    title = "A Case Study on Inter-Annotator Agreement for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Lim, Chung Yong  and
      Foo, Shou King",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0502",
}
@inproceedings{stevenson-etal-1999-supervised,
    title = "Supervised Learning of Lexical Semantic Verb Classes Using Frequency Distributions",
    author = "Stevenson, Suzanne  and
      Merlo, Paola  and
      Rutgers, Natalia Kariaeva",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0503",
}
@inproceedings{fernandez-etal-1999-concept,
    title = "On the concept of diathesis alternations as semantic oppositions",
    author = "Fernandez, Ana  and
      Marti, M. Antonia  and
      Vazquez, Gloria  and
      Castellon, Irene",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0504",
}
@inproceedings{litkowski-1999-towards,
    title = "Towards a Meaning-Full Comparison of Lexical Resources",
    author = "Litkowski, Kenneth C.",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0505",
}
@inproceedings{zajac-1999-aspects,
    title = "On Some Aspects of Lexical Standardization",
    author = "Zajac, Remi",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0506",
}
@inproceedings{pedersen-keson-1999-simple,
    title = "{SIMPLE}- Semantic Information for Multifunctional Plurilingual Lexica: Some Examples of {D}anish{''} Concrete Nouns",
    author = "Pedersen, Bolette Sandford  and
      Keson, Britt",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0507",
}
@inproceedings{ide-1999-parallel,
    title = "Parallel Translations as Sense Discriminators",
    author = "IDE, Nancy",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0508",
}
@inproceedings{viegas-1999-overt,
    title = "An Overt Semantics with a Machine-guided Approach for Robust {LKB}s",
    author = "Viegas, Evelyne",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0509",
}
@inproceedings{sekine-etal-1999-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Matching of Two Ontologies",
    author = "Sekine, Satoshi  and
      Sudo, Kiyoshi  and
      Ogino, Takano",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0510",
}
@inproceedings{ranchhod-etal-1999-computational,
    title = "A Computational Lexicon of {P}ortuguese for Automatic Text Parsing",
    author = "Ranchhod, Ehsabete  and
      Mota, Cristina  and
      Baptista, Jorge",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0511",
}
@inproceedings{vossen-etal-1999-towards,
    title = "Towards a Universal Index of Meaning",
    author = "Vossen, Piek  and
      Peters, Wim  and
      Gonzalo, Julio",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0512",
}
@inproceedings{vietri-elia-1999-electronic,
    title = "Electronic Dictionaries and Linguistic Analysis of {I}talian Large Corpora",
    author = "Vietri, Simonetta  and
      Elia, Annibale",
    booktitle = "{SIGLEX}99: Standardizing Lexical Resources",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0513",
}
@proceedings{ws-1999-1999,
    title = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0600",
}
@inproceedings{church-1999-whats,
    title = "What{'}s Happened Since the First {SIGDAT} Meeting?",
    author = "Church, Kenneth Ward",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0601",
}
@inproceedings{simard-1999-text,
    title = "Text-Translation Alignment: Three Languages Are Better Than Two",
    author = "Simard, Michel",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0602",
}
@inproceedings{daude-etal-1999-mapping,
    title = "Mapping Multilingual Hierarchies Using Relaxation Labeling",
    author = "Daud{\'e}, J.  and
      Padr{\'o}, L.  and
      Rigau, G.",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0603",
}
@inproceedings{och-etal-1999-improved,
    title = "Improved Alignment Models for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Och, Franz Josef  and
      Tillmann, Christoph  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0604",
}
@inproceedings{fujii-ishikawa-1999-cross,
    title = "Cross-Language Information Retrieval for Technical Documents",
    author = "Fujii, Atsushi  and
      Ishikawa, Tetsuya",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0605",
}
@inproceedings{abney-etal-1999-boosting,
    title = "Boosting Applied to Tagging and {PP} Attachment",
    author = "Abney, Steven  and
      Schapire, Robert E.  and
      Singer, Yoram",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0606",
}
@inproceedings{black-etal-1999-applying,
    title = "Applying Extrasentential Context To Maximum Entropy Based Tagging With A Large Semantic And Syntactic Tagset",
    author = "Black, Ezra  and
      Finch, Andrew  and
      Zhang, Ruiqiang",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0607",
}
@inproceedings{marquez-etal-1999-improving,
    title = "Improving {POS} Tagging Using Machine-Learning Techniques",
    author = "Marquez, Lluis  and
      Rodriguez, Horacio  and
      Carmona, Josep  and
      Montolio, Josep",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0608",
}
@inproceedings{caraballo-charniak-1999-determining,
    title = "Determining the specificity of nouns from text",
    author = "Caraballo, Sharon A.  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0609",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-1999-retrieving,
    title = "Retrieving Collocations From {K}orean Text",
    author = "Kim, Seonho  and
      Yang, Zooil  and
      Song, Mansuk  and
      Ahn, Jung-Ho",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0610",
}
@inproceedings{cardie-wagstaff-1999-noun,
    title = "Noun Phrase Coreference as Clustering",
    author = "Cardie, Claire  and
      Wagstaff, Kiri",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0611",
}
@inproceedings{cucerzan-yarowsky-1999-language,
    title = "Language Independent Named Entity Recognition Combining Morphological and Contextual Evidence",
    author = "Cucerzan, Silviu  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0612",
}
@inproceedings{collins-singer-1999-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Models for Named Entity Classification",
    author = "Collins, Michael  and
      Singer, Yoram",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0613",
}
@inproceedings{hartrumpf-1999-hybrid,
    title = "Hybrid Disambiguation of Prepositional Phrase Attachment and Interpretation",
    author = "Hartrumpf, Sven",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0614",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-1999-hmm,
    title = "{HMM} Specialization with Selective Lexicalization",
    author = "Kim, Jin-Dong  and
      Lee, Sang-Zoo  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0615",
}
@inproceedings{schwartz-1999-doesnt,
    title = "Why Doesn{'}t Natural Language Come Naturally?",
    author = "Schwartz, Richard",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0616",
}
@inproceedings{heeman-1999-pos,
    title = "{POS} Tags and Decision Trees for Language Modeling",
    author = "Heeman, Peter A.",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0617",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-1999-information,
    title = "An Information-Theoretic Empirical Analysis of Dependency-Based Feature Types for Word Prediction Models",
    author = "Wu, Dekai  and
      Zhao, Jun  and
      Sui, Zhifang",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0618",
}
@inproceedings{pan-mckeown-1999-word,
    title = "Word Informativeness and Automatic Pitch Accent Modeling",
    author = "Pan, Shimei  and
      McKeown, Kathleen R.",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0619",
}
@inproceedings{nomoto-matsumoto-1999-learning,
    title = "Learning Discourse Relations with Active Data Selection",
    author = "Nomoto, Tadashi  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0620",
}
@inproceedings{munoz-etal-1999-learning,
    title = "A Learning Approach to Shallow Parsing",
    author = "Mu{\~n}oz, Marcia  and
      Punyakanok, Vasin  and
      Roth, Dan  and
      Zimak, Dav",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0621",
}
@inproceedings{seagull-schubert-1999-guiding,
    title = "Guiding a Well-Founded Parser with Corpus Statistics",
    author = "Seagull, Amon  and
      Schubert, Lenhart",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0622",
}
@inproceedings{henderson-brill-1999-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Diversity in Natural Language Processing: Combining Parsers",
    author = "Henderson, John C.  and
      Brill, Eric",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0623",
}
@inproceedings{gonzalo-etal-1999-lexical,
    title = "Lexical ambiguity and Information Retrieval revisited",
    author = "Gonzalo, Julio  and
      Penas, Anselmo  and
      Verdejo, Felisa",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0624",
}
@inproceedings{hatzivassiloglou-etal-1999-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Text Similarity over Short Passages: Exploring Linguistic Feature Combinations via Machine Learning",
    author = "Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios  and
      Klavans, Judith L.  and
      Eskin, Eleazar",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0625",
}
@inproceedings{tiedemann-1999-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Construction of Weighted String Similarity Measures",
    author = "Tiedemann, Jorg",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0626",
}
@inproceedings{yarowsky-florian-1999-taking,
    title = "Taking the load off the conference chairs-towards a digital paper-routing assistant",
    author = "Yarowsky, David  and
      Florian, Radu",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0627",
}
@inproceedings{alegre-etal-1999-pp,
    title = "{PP}-Attachment: A Committee Machine Approach",
    author = "Alegre, Martha A.  and
      Sopena, Josep M.  and
      Lloberas, Agusti",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0628",
}
@inproceedings{buchholz-etal-1999-cascaded,
    title = "Cascaded Grammatical Relation Assignment",
    author = "Buchholz, Sabine  and
      Veenstra, Jorn  and
      Daelemans, Walter",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0629",
}
@inproceedings{chan-wu-1999-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Merging Lexicons that have Incompatible Part-of-Speech Categories",
    author = "Chan, Daniel Ka-Leung  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0630",
}
@inproceedings{clark-weir-1999-iterative,
    title = "An Iterative Approach to Estimating Frequencies over a Semantic Hierarchy",
    author = "Clark, Stephen  and
      Weir, David",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0631",
}
@inproceedings{lapata-brew-1999-using,
    title = "Using Subcategorization to Resolve Verb Class Ambiguity",
    author = "Lapata, Maria  and
      Brew, Chris",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0632",
}
@inproceedings{megyesi-1999-improving,
    title = "IMPROVING BRILL{'}S POS TAGGER FOR AN AGGLUTINATIVE LANGUAGE",
    author = "Megyesi, Beata",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0633",
}
@inproceedings{soon-etal-1999-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-Based Learning for Noun Phrase Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Soon, Wee Meng  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Lim, Chung Yong",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0634",
}
@inproceedings{yoon-etal-1999-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-Based Approach for Nominal Compound Analysis for {K}orean Based on Linguistic and Statistical Information",
    author = "Yoon, Juntae  and
      Choi, Key-Sun  and
      Song, Mansuk",
    booktitle = "1999 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0635",
}
@proceedings{ws-1999-eacl,
    title = "{EACL} 1999: {C}o{NLL}-99 Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0700",
}
@inproceedings{kit-wilks-1999-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Learning of Word Boundary with Description Length Gain",
    author = "Kit, Chunyu  and
      Wilks, Yorick",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: {C}o{NLL}-99 Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0701",
}
@inproceedings{kempe-1999-experiments,
    title = "Experiments in Unsupervised Entropy-Based Corpus Segmentation",
    author = "Kempe, Andr{\'e}",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: {C}o{NLL}-99 Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0702",
}
@inproceedings{oflazer-nirenburg-1999-practical,
    title = "Practical Bootstrapping of Morphological Analyzers",
    author = "Oflazer, Kemal  and
      Nirenburg, Sergei",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: {C}o{NLL}-99 Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0703",
}
@inproceedings{raaijmakers-1999-finding,
    title = "Finding Representations for Memory-Based Language Learning",
    author = "Raaijmakers, Stephan",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: {C}o{NLL}-99 Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0704",
}
@inproceedings{lager-1999-u,
    title = "The u-{TBL} System: Logic Programming Tools for Transformation-Based Learning",
    author = "Lager, Torbjorn",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: {C}o{NLL}-99 Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0705",
}
@inproceedings{ferro-etal-1999-learning,
    title = "Learning Transformation Rules to Find Grammatical Relations",
    author = "Ferro, Lisa  and
      Vilain, Marc  and
      Yeh, Alexander",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: {C}o{NLL}-99 Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0706",
}
@inproceedings{daelemans-etal-1999-memory,
    title = "Memory-Based Shallow Parsing",
    author = "Daelemans, Walter  and
      Buchholz, Sabine  and
      Veenstra, Jorn",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: {C}o{NLL}-99 Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0707",
}
@inproceedings{osborne-1999-mdl,
    title = "{MDL}-based {DCG} Induction for {NP} Identification",
    author = "Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: {C}o{NLL}-99 Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0708",
}
@proceedings{ws-1999-eacl-1999,
    title = "{EACL} 1999: Computer and {I}nternet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0800",
}
@inproceedings{calder-1999-keynote,
    title = "Keynote Talk: Diamonds on my Windshield: the Use of Computer-based Instruction in Computational Linguistics",
    author = "Calder, Jo",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: Computer and {I}nternet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0801",
}
@inproceedings{bouma-1999-modern,
    title = "A Modern Computational Linguistics Course Using {D}utch",
    author = "Bouma, Gosse",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: Computer and {I}nternet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0802",
}
@inproceedings{gibbon-carson-berndsen-1999-web,
    title = "Web tools for introductory computational linguistics",
    author = "Gibbon, Dafydd  and
      Carson-Berndsen, Julie",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: Computer and {I}nternet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0803",
}
@inproceedings{black-etal-1999-intranet,
    title = "Intranet learning tools for {NLP}",
    author = "Black, William J.  and
      Hill, Simon  and
      Kassaei, Mahmoud",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: Computer and {I}nternet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0804",
}
@inproceedings{cooke-1999-interactive,
    title = "Interactive Auditory Demonstrations",
    author = "Cooke, Martin",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: Computer and {I}nternet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0805",
}
@inproceedings{arnold-1999-web,
    title = "Web Access to Corpora: the {W}3{C}orpora Project",
    author = "Arnold, Doug",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: Computer and {I}nternet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0806",
}
@inproceedings{borin-dahlls-1999-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus-Based Grammar Tutor for Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    author = "Borin, Lars  and
      DahllS, Mats",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: Computer and {I}nternet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0807",
}
@inproceedings{verdejo-etal-1999-open,
    title = "An Open Distance Learning Web-Course for {NLP} in {IR}",
    author = "Verdejo, Felisa  and
      Gonzalo, Julio  and
      Penas, Anselmo",
    booktitle = "{EACL} 1999: Computer and {I}nternet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0808",
}
@proceedings{ws-1999-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0900",
}
@inproceedings{abney-light-1999-hiding,
    title = "Hiding a Semantic Hierarchy in a {M}arkov Model",
    author = "Abney, Steven  and
      Light, Marc",
    booktitle = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0901",
}
@inproceedings{baldwin-tanaka-1999-applications,
    title = "The applications of unsupervised learning to {J}apanese grapheme-phoneme alignment",
    author = "Baldwin, Timothy  and
      Tanaka, Hozumi",
    booktitle = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0902",
}
@inproceedings{cho-etal-1999-dual,
    title = "Dual Distributional Verb Sense Disambiguation with Small Corpora and Machine Readable Dictionaries",
    author = "Cho, Jeong-Mi  and
      Seo, Jungyun  and
      Kim, Gil Chang",
    booktitle = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0903",
}
@inproceedings{gaussier-1999-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised learning of derivational morphology from inflectional lexicons",
    author = "Gaussier, Eric",
    booktitle = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0904",
}
@inproceedings{kikui-1999-resolving,
    title = "Resolving Translation Ambiguity using Non-parallel Bilingual Corpora",
    author = "KIKUI, Genichiro",
    booktitle = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0905",
}
@inproceedings{knight-yamada-1999-computational,
    title = "A Computational Approach to Deciphering Unknown Scripts",
    author = "Knight, Kevin  and
      Yamada, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0906",
}
@inproceedings{marx-etal-1999-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Sub-Topic Correspondence through Bipartite Term Clustering",
    author = "MARX, Zvika  and
      DAGAN, Ido  and
      SHAMIR, Eli",
    booktitle = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0907",
}
@inproceedings{mccallum-nigam-1999-text,
    title = "Text Classification by Bootstrapping with Keywords, {EM} and Shrinkage",
    author = "McCallum, Andrew  and
      Nigam, Kamal",
    booktitle = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0908",
}
@inproceedings{watkinson-manandhar-1999-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Lexical Learning with Categorial Grammars",
    author = "Watkinson, Stephen  and
      Manandhar, Suresh",
    booktitle = "Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1999",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-0909",
}
@proceedings{ws-2000-nordic,
    title = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    author = "Nordg{\aa}rd, Torbj{\o}rn",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1000",
}
@inproceedings{amble-2000-bustuc,
    title = "{B}us{TUC}{--}A natural language bus route adviser in Prolog",
    author = "Amble, Tore",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1001",
    pages = "1--12",
}
@inproceedings{arppe-2000-developing,
    title = "Developing a grammar checker for {S}wedish",
    author = "Arppe, Antti",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1002",
    pages = "13--27",
}
@inproceedings{birn-2000-detecting,
    title = "Detecting grammar errors with Lingsoft{'}s {S}wedish grammar checker",
    author = "Birn, Juhani",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1003",
    pages = "28--40",
}
@inproceedings{borin-2000-pivot,
    title = "Pivot Alignment",
    author = "Borin, Lars",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1004",
    pages = "41--48",
}
@inproceedings{domeij-etal-2000-granska,
    title = "Granska{--}an efficient hybrid system for {S}wedish grammar checking",
    author = "Domeij, Rickard  and
      Knutsson, Ola  and
      Carlberger, Johan  and
      Kann, Viggo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1005",
    pages = "49--56",
}
@inproceedings{franzen-2000-adapting,
    title = "Adapting an {E}nglish Information Extraction System to {S}wedish",
    author = "Franz{\'e}n, Kristofer",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1006",
    pages = "57--65",
}
@inproceedings{hagen-etal-2000-shortcomings,
    title = "The shortcomings of a tagger",
    author = "Hagen, Kristin  and
      Johannessen, Janne Bondi  and
      N{\o}klestad, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1007",
    pages = "66--75",
}
@inproceedings{hulth-asker-2000-merging,
    title = "Merging Classifiers for Improved Information Retrieval",
    author = "Hulth, Anette  and
      Asker, Lars",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1008",
    pages = "76--82",
}
@inproceedings{jonsson-2000-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Keywords from Digital Document Collections",
    author = "Jonsson, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1009",
    pages = "83--90",
}
@inproceedings{kiryakov-simov-2000-ontologically,
    title = "Ontologically Supported Semantic Matching",
    author = "Kiryakov, Atanas K.  and
      Simov, Kiril Iv.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1010",
    pages = "91--102",
}
@inproceedings{lindberg-2000-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection of Lexicalised Phrases in {S}wedish",
    author = "Lindberg, Janne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1011",
    pages = "103--114",
}
@inproceedings{megyesi-rydin-2000-towards,
    title = "Towards a Finite-State Parser for {S}wedish",
    author = "Megyesi, Be{\'a}ta  and
      Rydin, Sara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1012",
    pages = "115--123",
}
@inproceedings{navarretta-2000-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Clustering of Adjectives and Verbs Based on Syntactic Patterns",
    author = "Navarretta, Costanza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1013",
    pages = "124--132",
}
@inproceedings{neville-2000-hpsg,
    title = "An {HPSG} Account of {D}anish Pre-nominals",
    author = "Neville, Anne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1014",
    pages = "133--142",
}
@inproceedings{noven-etal-2000-tonem,
    title = "Tonem 1 eller 2 eller 1,5? (Toneme 1 or 2 or 1,5?) [In {N}orwegian]",
    author = "Noven, Arild  and
      Larsen, Per Arne  and
      Moxness, Bente  and
      Slethei, Kolbj{\o}rn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1015",
    pages = "143--151",
}
@inproceedings{paggio-2000-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Analysis and Error Correction for {D}anish in the {SCARRIE} Project",
    author = "Paggio, Patrizia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1016",
    pages = "152--161",
}
@inproceedings{pakucs-gamback-2000-designing,
    title = "Designing a System for {S}wedish Spoken Document Retrieval",
    author = {Pakucs, Botond  and
      Gamb{\"a}ck, Bj{\"o}rn},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1017",
    pages = "162--173",
}
@inproceedings{nylander-2000-statistics,
    title = "Statistics and Phonotactical Rules in Finding {OCR} Errors",
    author = "Nylander, Stina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1018",
    pages = "174--181",
}
@inproceedings{quaresma-pimenta-rodrigues-2000-information,
    title = "An Information Retrieval System with Cooperative Behaviour",
    author = "Quaresma, Paulo  and
      Pimenta Rodrigues, Irene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1019",
    pages = "182--190",
}
@inproceedings{santos-oksefjell-2000-evaluation,
    title = "An Evaluation of the Translation Corpus Aligner, with special reference to the language pair {E}nglish-{P}ortuguese",
    author = "Santos, Diana  and
      Oksefjell, Signe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1020",
    pages = "191--205",
}
@inproceedings{de-smedt-rosen-2000-automatic,
    title = "Automatic proofreading for {N}orwegian: The challenges of lexical and grammatical variation",
    author = "de Smedt, Koenraad  and
      Ros{\'e}n, Victoria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1021",
    pages = "206--215",
}
@inproceedings{tiedemann-2000-word,
    title = "Word Alignment Step by Step",
    author = {Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1022",
    pages = "216--227",
}
@inproceedings{uibo-2000-using,
    title = "On Using the Two-level Model as the Basis of Morphological Analysis and Synthesis of {E}stonian",
    author = "Uibo, Heli",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1023",
    pages = "228--242",
}
@inproceedings{way-2000-lfg,
    title = "{LFG}-{DOT}: Combining Constraint-Based and Empirical Methodologies for Robust {MT}",
    author = "Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1999)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Trondheim, Norway",
    publisher = "Department of Linguistics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W99-1024",
    pages = "243--254",
}
@proceedings{acl-2014-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    author = "Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Wu, Hua",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1",
}
@inproceedings{cortes-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Ensembles of Structured Prediction Rules",
    author = "Cortes, Corinna  and
      Kuznetsov, Vitaly  and
      Mohri, Mehryar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1001",
    pages = "1--12",
}
@inproceedings{ji-eisenstein-2014-representation,
    title = "Representation Learning for Text-level Discourse Parsing",
    author = "Ji, Yangfeng  and
      Eisenstein, Jacob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1002",
    pages = "13--24",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-text,
    title = "Text-level Discourse Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Li, Sujian  and
      Wang, Liang  and
      Cao, Ziqiang  and
      Li, Wenjie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1003",
    pages = "25--35",
}
@inproceedings{zhai-williams-2014-discovering,
    title = "Discovering Latent Structure in Task-Oriented Dialogues",
    author = "Zhai, Ke  and
      Williams, Jason D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1004",
    pages = "36--46",
}
@inproceedings{bjorkelund-kuhn-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Structured Perceptrons for Coreference Resolution with Latent Antecedents and Non-local Features",
    author = {Bj{\"o}rkelund, Anders  and
      Kuhn, Jonas},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1005",
    pages = "47--57",
}
@inproceedings{hermann-blunsom-2014-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Models for Compositional Distributed Semantics",
    author = "Hermann, Karl Moritz  and
      Blunsom, Phil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1006",
    pages = "58--68",
}
@inproceedings{packard-etal-2014-simple,
    title = "Simple Negation Scope Resolution through Deep Parsing: A Semantic Solution to a Semantic Problem",
    author = "Packard, Woodley  and
      Bender, Emily M.  and
      Read, Jonathon  and
      Oepen, Stephan  and
      Dridan, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1007",
    pages = "69--78",
}
@inproceedings{tian-etal-2014-logical,
    title = "Logical Inference on Dependency-based Compositional Semantics",
    author = "Tian, Ran  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1008",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1008",
    pages = "79--89",
}
@inproceedings{paperno-etal-2014-practical,
    title = "A practical and linguistically-motivated approach to compositional distributional semantics",
    author = "Paperno, Denis  and
      Pham, Nghia The  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1009",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1009",
    pages = "90--99",
}
@inproceedings{salameh-etal-2014-lattice,
    title = "Lattice Desegmentation for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Salameh, Mohammad  and
      Cherry, Colin  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1010",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1010",
    pages = "100--110",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2014-bilingually,
    title = "Bilingually-constrained Phrase Embeddings for Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Liu, Shujie  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1011",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1011",
    pages = "111--121",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning New Semi-Supervised Deep Auto-encoder Features for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Lu, Shixiang  and
      Chen, Zhenbiao  and
      Xu, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1012",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1012",
    pages = "122--132",
}
@inproceedings{cui-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Topic Representation for {SMT} with Neural Networks",
    author = "Cui, Lei  and
      Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Liu, Shujie  and
      Chen, Qiming  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Yang, Muyun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1013",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1013",
    pages = "133--143",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2014-tagging,
    title = "Tagging The Web: Building A Robust Web Tagger with Neural Network",
    author = "Ma, Ji  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Zhu, Jingbo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1014",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1014",
    pages = "144--154",
}
@inproceedings{p-visweswariah-2014-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Solution Post Identification from Discussion Forums",
    author = "P, Deepak  and
      Visweswariah, Karthik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1015",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1015",
    pages = "155--164",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised User Profile Extraction from Twitter",
    author = "Li, Jiwei  and
      Ritter, Alan  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1016",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1016",
    pages = "165--174",
}
@inproceedings{tan-etal-2014-effect,
    title = "The effect of wording on message propagation: Topic- and author-controlled natural experiments on Twitter",
    author = "Tan, Chenhao  and
      Lee, Lillian  and
      Pang, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1017",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1017",
    pages = "175--185",
}
@inproceedings{volkova-etal-2014-inferring,
    title = "Inferring User Political Preferences from Streaming Communications",
    author = "Volkova, Svitlana  and
      Coppersmith, Glen  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1018",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1018",
    pages = "186--196",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2014-steps,
    title = "Steps to Excellence: Simple Inference with Refined Scoring of Dependency Trees",
    author = "Zhang, Yuan  and
      Lei, Tao  and
      Barzilay, Regina  and
      Jaakkola, Tommi  and
      Globerson, Amir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1019",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1019",
    pages = "197--207",
}
@inproceedings{hall-etal-2014-sparser,
    title = "Sparser, Better, Faster {GPU} Parsing",
    author = "Hall, David  and
      Berg-Kirkpatrick, Taylor  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1020",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1020",
    pages = "208--217",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2014-shift,
    title = "Shift-Reduce {CCG} Parsing with a Dependency Model",
    author = "Xu, Wenduan  and
      Clark, Stephen  and
      Zhang, Yue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1021",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1021",
    pages = "218--227",
}
@inproceedings{hall-etal-2014-less,
    title = "Less Grammar, More Features",
    author = "Hall, David  and
      Durrett, Greg  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1022",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1022",
    pages = "228--237",
}
@inproceedings{baroni-etal-2014-dont,
    title = "Don{'}t count, predict! A systematic comparison of context-counting vs. context-predicting semantic vectors",
    author = "Baroni, Marco  and
      Dinu, Georgiana  and
      Kruszewski, Germ{\'a}n",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1023",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1023",
    pages = "238--247",
}
@inproceedings{tsvetkov-etal-2014-metaphor,
    title = "Metaphor Detection with Cross-Lingual Model Transfer",
    author = "Tsvetkov, Yulia  and
      Boytsov, Leonid  and
      Gershman, Anatole  and
      Nyberg, Eric  and
      Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1024",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1024",
    pages = "248--258",
}
@inproceedings{lau-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Word Sense Distributions, Detecting Unattested Senses and Identifying Novel Senses Using Topic Models",
    author = "Lau, Jey Han  and
      Cook, Paul  and
      McCarthy, Diana  and
      Gella, Spandana  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1025",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1025",
    pages = "259--270",
}
@inproceedings{kushman-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning to Automatically Solve Algebra Word Problems",
    author = "Kushman, Nate  and
      Artzi, Yoav  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1026",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1026",
    pages = "271--281",
}
@inproceedings{johnson-etal-2014-modelling,
    title = "Modelling function words improves unsupervised word segmentation",
    author = "Johnson, Mark  and
      Christophe, Anne  and
      Dupoux, Emmanuel  and
      Demuth, Katherine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1027",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1027",
    pages = "282--292",
}
@inproceedings{pei-etal-2014-max,
    title = "Max-Margin Tensor Neural Network for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Pei, Wenzhe  and
      Ge, Tao  and
      Chang, Baobao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1028",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1028",
    pages = "293--303",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2014-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study on the Effect of Negation Words on Sentiment",
    author = "Zhu, Xiaodan  and
      Guo, Hongyu  and
      Mohammad, Saif  and
      Kiritchenko, Svetlana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1029",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1029",
    pages = "304--313",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2014-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Opinion Targets and Opinion Words from Online Reviews with Graph Co-ranking",
    author = "Liu, Kang  and
      Xu, Liheng  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1030",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1030",
    pages = "314--324",
}
@inproceedings{yang-cardie-2014-context,
    title = "Context-aware Learning for Sentence-level Sentiment Analysis with Posterior Regularization",
    author = "Yang, Bishan  and
      Cardie, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1031",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1031",
    pages = "325--335",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2014-product,
    title = "Product Feature Mining: Semantic Clues versus Syntactic Constituents",
    author = "Xu, Liheng  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Lai, Siwei  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1032",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1032",
    pages = "336--346",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2014-aspect,
    title = "Aspect Extraction with Automated Prior Knowledge Learning",
    author = "Chen, Zhiyuan  and
      Mukherjee, Arjun  and
      Liu, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1033",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1033",
    pages = "347--358",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2014-anchors,
    title = "Anchors Regularized: Adding Robustness and Extensibility to Scalable Topic-Modeling Algorithms",
    author = "Nguyen, Thang  and
      Hu, Yuening  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1034",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1034",
    pages = "359--369",
}
@inproceedings{bamman-etal-2014-bayesian,
    title = "A {B}ayesian Mixed Effects Model of Literary Character",
    author = "Bamman, David  and
      Underwood, Ted  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1035",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1035",
    pages = "370--379",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-collective,
    title = "Collective Tweet Wikification based on Semi-supervised Graph Regularization",
    author = "Huang, Hongzhao  and
      Cao, Yunbo  and
      Huang, Xiaojiang  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1036",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1036",
    pages = "380--390",
}
@inproceedings{pasupat-liang-2014-zero,
    title = "Zero-shot Entity Extraction from Web Pages",
    author = "Pasupat, Panupong  and
      Liang, Percy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1037",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1037",
    pages = "391--401",
}
@inproceedings{li-ji-2014-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Joint Extraction of Entity Mentions and Relations",
    author = "Li, Qi  and
      Ji, Heng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1038",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1038",
    pages = "402--412",
}
@inproceedings{duan-white-2014-thats,
    title = "That{'}s Not What {I} Meant! Using Parsers to Avoid Structural Ambiguities in Generated Text",
    author = "Duan, Manjuan  and
      White, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1039",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1039",
    pages = "413--423",
}
@inproceedings{gyawali-gardent-2014-surface,
    title = "Surface Realisation from Knowledge-Bases",
    author = "Gyawali, Bikash  and
      Gardent, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1040",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1040",
    pages = "424--434",
}
@inproceedings{narayan-gardent-2014-hybrid,
    title = "Hybrid Simplification using Deep Semantics and Machine Translation",
    author = "Narayan, Shashi  and
      Gardent, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1041",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1041",
    pages = "435--445",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2014-grammatical,
    title = "Grammatical Relations in {C}hinese: {GB}-Ground Extraction and Data-Driven Parsing",
    author = "Sun, Weiwei  and
      Du, Yantao  and
      Kou, Xin  and
      Ding, Shuoyang  and
      Wan, Xiaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1042",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1042",
    pages = "446--456",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-ambiguity,
    title = "Ambiguity-aware Ensemble Training for Semi-supervised Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Li, Zhenghua  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Chen, Wenliang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1043",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1043",
    pages = "457--467",
}
@inproceedings{pilehvar-navigli-2014-robust,
    title = "A Robust Approach to Aligning Heterogeneous Lexical Resources",
    author = "Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1044",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1044",
    pages = "468--478",
}
@inproceedings{muller-etal-2014-predicting,
    title = "Predicting the relevance of distributional semantic similarity with contextual information",
    author = "Muller, Philippe  and
      Fabre, C{\'e}cile  and
      Adam, Cl{\'e}mentine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1045",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1045",
    pages = "479--488",
}
@inproceedings{fyshe-etal-2014-interpretable,
    title = "Interpretable Semantic Vectors from a Joint Model of Brain- and Text- Based Meaning",
    author = "Fyshe, Alona  and
      Talukdar, Partha P.  and
      Murphy, Brian  and
      Mitchell, Tom M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1046",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1046",
    pages = "489--499",
}
@inproceedings{georgila-etal-2014-single,
    title = "Single-Agent vs. Multi-Agent Techniques for Concurrent Reinforcement Learning of Negotiation Dialogue Policies",
    author = "Georgila, Kallirroi  and
      Nelson, Claire  and
      Traum, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1047",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1047",
    pages = "500--510",
}
@inproceedings{feng-hirst-2014-linear,
    title = "A Linear-Time Bottom-Up Discourse Parser with Constraints and Post-Editing",
    author = "Feng, Vanessa Wei  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1048",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1048",
    pages = "511--521",
}
@inproceedings{zou-etal-2014-negation,
    title = "Negation Focus Identification with Contextual Discourse Information",
    author = "Zou, Bowei  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1049",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1049",
    pages = "522--530",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-new,
    title = "New Word Detection for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Huang, Minlie  and
      Ye, Borui  and
      Wang, Yichen  and
      Chen, Haiqiang  and
      Cheng, Junjun  and
      Zhu, Xiaoyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1050",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1050",
    pages = "531--541",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-singh-2014-renew,
    title = "{R}e{N}ew: A Semi-Supervised Framework for Generating Domain-Specific Lexicons and Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Zhang, Zhe  and
      Singh, Munindar P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1051",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1051",
    pages = "542--551",
}
@inproceedings{mckinley-ray-2014-decision,
    title = "A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Natural Language Generation",
    author = "McKinley, Nathan  and
      Ray, Soumya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1052",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1052",
    pages = "552--561",
}
@inproceedings{labutov-lipson-2014-generating,
    title = "Generating Code-switched Text for Lexical Learning",
    author = "Labutov, Igor  and
      Lipson, Hod",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1053",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1053",
    pages = "562--571",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2014-omni,
    title = "Omni-word Feature and Soft Constraint for {C}hinese Relation Extraction",
    author = "Chen, Yanping  and
      Zheng, Qinghua  and
      Zhang, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1054",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1054",
    pages = "572--581",
}
@inproceedings{qian-etal-2014-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Active Learning for Relation Classification via Pseudo Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Qian, Longhua  and
      Hui, Haotian  and
      Hu, Ya{'}nan  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1055",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1055",
    pages = "582--592",
}
@inproceedings{anzaroot-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Soft Linear Constraints with Application to Citation Field Extraction",
    author = "Anzaroot, Sam  and
      Passos, Alexandre  and
      Belanger, David  and
      McCallum, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1056",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1056",
    pages = "593--602",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2014-study,
    title = "A Study of Concept-based Weighting Regularization for Medical Records Search",
    author = "Wang, Yue  and
      Liu, Xitong  and
      Fang, Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1057",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1057",
    pages = "603--612",
}
@inproceedings{bollegala-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning to Predict Distributions of Words Across Domains",
    author = "Bollegala, Danushka  and
      Weir, David  and
      Carroll, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1058",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1058",
    pages = "613--623",
}
@inproceedings{dinu-baroni-2014-make,
    title = "How to make words with vectors: Phrase generation in distributional semantics",
    author = "Dinu, Georgiana  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1059",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1059",
    pages = "624--633",
}
@inproceedings{srivastava-hovy-2014-vector,
    title = "Vector space semantics with frequency-driven motifs",
    author = "Srivastava, Shashank  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1060",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1060",
    pages = "634--643",
}
@inproceedings{abend-etal-2014-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Inference over Multi-Word Predicates: A Distributional Approach",
    author = "Abend, Omri  and
      Cohen, Shay B.  and
      Steedman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1061",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1061",
    pages = "644--654",
}
@inproceedings{kalchbrenner-etal-2014-convolutional,
    title = "A Convolutional Neural Network for Modelling Sentences",
    author = "Kalchbrenner, Nal  and
      Grefenstette, Edward  and
      Blunsom, Phil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1062",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1062",
    pages = "655--665",
}
@inproceedings{cao-khudanpur-2014-online,
    title = "Online Learning in Tensor Space",
    author = "Cao, Yuan  and
      Khudanpur, Sanjeev",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1063",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1063",
    pages = "666--675",
}
@inproceedings{saluja-etal-2014-graph,
    title = "Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning of Translation Models from Monolingual Data",
    author = "Saluja, Avneesh  and
      Hassan, Hany  and
      Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Quirk, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1064",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1064",
    pages = "676--686",
}
@inproceedings{guzman-etal-2014-using,
    title = "Using Discourse Structure Improves Machine Translation Evaluation",
    author = "Guzm{\'a}n, Francisco  and
      Joty, Shafiq  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Nakov, Preslav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1065",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1065",
    pages = "687--698",
}
@inproceedings{gao-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Continuous Phrase Representations for Translation Modeling",
    author = "Gao, Jianfeng  and
      He, Xiaodong  and
      Yih, Wen-tau  and
      Deng, Li",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1066",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1066",
    pages = "699--709",
}
@inproceedings{turchi-etal-2014-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Quality Estimation for Machine Translation",
    author = "Turchi, Marco  and
      Anastasopoulos, Antonios  and
      C. de Souza, Jos{\'e} G.  and
      Negri, Matteo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1067",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1067",
    pages = "710--720",
}
@inproceedings{silberer-lapata-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Grounded Meaning Representations with Autoencoders",
    author = "Silberer, Carina  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1068",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1068",
    pages = "721--732",
}
@inproceedings{wang-xue-2014-joint,
    title = "Joint {POS} Tagging and Transition-based Constituent Parsing in {C}hinese with Non-local Features",
    author = "Wang, Zhiguo  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1069",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1069",
    pages = "733--742",
}
@inproceedings{candito-constant-2014-strategies,
    title = "Strategies for Contiguous Multiword Expression Analysis and Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Candito, Marie  and
      Constant, Matthieu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1070",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1070",
    pages = "743--753",
}
@inproceedings{nagata-etal-2014-correcting,
    title = "Correcting Preposition Errors in Learner {E}nglish Using Error Case Frames and Feedback Messages",
    author = "Nagata, Ryo  and
      Vilenius, Mikko  and
      Whittaker, Edward",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1071",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1071",
    pages = "754--764",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-chiang-2014-kneser,
    title = "{K}neser-{N}ey Smoothing on Expected Counts",
    author = "Zhang, Hui  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1072",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1072",
    pages = "765--774",
}
@inproceedings{andrews-etal-2014-robust,
    title = "Robust Entity Clustering via Phylogenetic Inference",
    author = "Andrews, Nicholas  and
      Eisner, Jason  and
      Dredze, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1073",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1073",
    pages = "775--785",
}
@inproceedings{yogatama-smith-2014-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Structured Sparsity in Text Categorization",
    author = "Yogatama, Dani  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1074",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1074",
    pages = "786--796",
}
@inproceedings{kobayashi-2014-perplexity,
    title = "Perplexity on Reduced Corpora",
    author = "Kobayashi, Hayato",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1075",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1075",
    pages = "797--806",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2014-robust,
    title = "Robust Domain Adaptation for Relation Extraction via Clustering Consistency",
    author = "Nguyen, Minh Luan  and
      Tsang, Ivor W.  and
      Chai, Kian Ming A.  and
      Chieu, Hai Leong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1076",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1076",
    pages = "807--817",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2014-encoding,
    title = "Encoding Relation Requirements for Relation Extraction via Joint Inference",
    author = "Chen, Liwei  and
      Feng, Yansong  and
      Huang, Songfang  and
      Qin, Yong  and
      Zhao, Dongyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1077",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1077",
    pages = "818--827",
}
@inproceedings{wang-fan-2014-medical,
    title = "Medical Relation Extraction with Manifold Models",
    author = "Wang, Chang  and
      Fan, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1078",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1078",
    pages = "828--838",
}
@inproceedings{fan-etal-2014-distant,
    title = "Distant Supervision for Relation Extraction with Matrix Completion",
    author = "Fan, Miao  and
      Zhao, Deli  and
      Zhou, Qiang  and
      Liu, Zhiyuan  and
      Zheng, Thomas Fang  and
      Chang, Edward Y.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1079",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1079",
    pages = "839--849",
}
@inproceedings{tu-etal-2014-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing Grammatical Cohesion: Generating Transitional Expressions for {SMT}",
    author = "Tu, Mei  and
      Zhou, Yu  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1080",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1080",
    pages = "850--860",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive {HTER} Estimation for Document-Specific {MT} Post-Editing",
    author = "Huang, Fei  and
      Xu, Jian-Ming  and
      Ittycheriah, Abraham  and
      Roukos, Salim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1081",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1081",
    pages = "861--870",
}
@inproceedings{van-gompel-van-den-bosch-2014-translation,
    title = "Translation Assistance by Translation of {L}1 Fragments in an {L}2 Context",
    author = "van Gompel, Maarten  and
      van den Bosch, Antal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1082",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1082",
    pages = "871--880",
}
@inproceedings{riezler-etal-2014-response,
    title = "Response-based Learning for Grounded Machine Translation",
    author = "Riezler, Stefan  and
      Simianer, Patrick  and
      Haas, Carolin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1083",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1083",
    pages = "881--891",
}
@inproceedings{pighin-etal-2014-modelling,
    title = "Modelling Events through Memory-based, Open-{IE} Patterns for Abstractive Summarization",
    author = "Pighin, Daniele  and
      Cornolti, Marco  and
      Alfonseca, Enrique  and
      Filippova, Katja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1084",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1084",
    pages = "892--901",
}
@inproceedings{christensen-etal-2014-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Summarization: Scaling Up Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Christensen, Janara  and
      Soderland, Stephen  and
      Bansal, Gagan  and
      {Mausam}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1085",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1085",
    pages = "902--912",
}
@inproceedings{baumel-etal-2014-query,
    title = "Query-Chain Focused Summarization",
    author = "Baumel, Tal  and
      Cohen, Raphael  and
      Elhadad, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1086",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1086",
    pages = "913--922",
}
@inproceedings{ng-etal-2014-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Timelines to Enhance Multi-document Summarization",
    author = "Ng, Jun-Ping  and
      Chen, Yan  and
      Kan, Min-Yen  and
      Li, Zhoujun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1087",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1087",
    pages = "923--933",
}
@inproceedings{skjaerholt-2014-chance,
    title = "A chance-corrected measure of inter-annotator agreement for syntax",
    author = "Skj{\ae}rholt, Arne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1088",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1088",
    pages = "934--944",
}
@inproceedings{flati-etal-2014-two,
    title = "Two Is Bigger (and Better) Than One: the {W}ikipedia Bitaxonomy Project",
    author = "Flati, Tiziano  and
      Vannella, Daniele  and
      Pasini, Tommaso  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1089",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1089",
    pages = "945--955",
}
@inproceedings{yao-van-durme-2014-information,
    title = "Information Extraction over Structured Data: Question Answering with {F}reebase",
    author = "Yao, Xuchen  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1090",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1090",
    pages = "956--966",
}
@inproceedings{bao-etal-2014-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge-Based Question Answering as Machine Translation",
    author = "Bao, Junwei  and
      Duan, Nan  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1091",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1091",
    pages = "967--976",
}
@inproceedings{jansen-etal-2014-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Complements Lexical Semantics for Non-factoid Answer Reranking",
    author = "Jansen, Peter  and
      Surdeanu, Mihai  and
      Clark, Peter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1092",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1092",
    pages = "977--986",
}
@inproceedings{hashimoto-etal-2014-toward,
    title = "Toward Future Scenario Generation: Extracting Event Causality Exploiting Semantic Relation, Context, and Association Features",
    author = "Hashimoto, Chikara  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      Kloetzer, Julien  and
      Sano, Motoki  and
      Varga, Istv{\'a}n  and
      Oh, Jong-Hoon  and
      Kidawara, Yutaka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1093",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1093",
    pages = "987--997",
}
@inproceedings{raghavan-etal-2014-cross,
    title = "Cross-narrative Temporal Ordering of Medical Events",
    author = "Raghavan, Preethi  and
      Fosler-Lussier, Eric  and
      Elhadad, No{\'e}mie  and
      Lai, Albert M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1094",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1094",
    pages = "998--1008",
}
@inproceedings{nakashole-mitchell-2014-language,
    title = "Language-Aware Truth Assessment of Fact Candidates",
    author = "Nakashole, Ndapandula  and
      Mitchell, Tom M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1095",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1095",
    pages = "1009--1019",
}
@inproceedings{mitra-etal-2014-thats,
    title = "That{'}s sick dude!: Automatic identification of word sense change across different timescales",
    author = "Mitra, Sunny  and
      Mitra, Ritwik  and
      Riedl, Martin  and
      Biemann, Chris  and
      Mukherjee, Animesh  and
      Goyal, Pawan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1096",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1096",
    pages = "1020--1029",
}
@inproceedings{kawahara-etal-2014-step,
    title = "A Step-wise Usage-based Method for Inducing Polysemy-aware Verb Classes",
    author = "Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Peterson, Daniel W.  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1097",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1097",
    pages = "1030--1040",
}
@inproceedings{bansal-etal-2014-structured,
    title = "Structured Learning for Taxonomy Induction with Belief Propagation",
    author = "Bansal, Mohit  and
      Burkett, David  and
      de Melo, Gerard  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1098",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1098",
    pages = "1041--1051",
}
@inproceedings{cohen-collins-2014-provably,
    title = "A Provably Correct Learning Algorithm for Latent-Variable {PCFG}s",
    author = "Cohen, Shay B.  and
      Collins, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1099",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1099",
    pages = "1052--1061",
}
@inproceedings{parikh-etal-2014-spectral,
    title = "Spectral Unsupervised Parsing with Additive Tree Metrics",
    author = "Parikh, Ankur P.  and
      Cohen, Shay B.  and
      Xing, Eric P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1100",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1100",
    pages = "1062--1072",
}
@inproceedings{frank-etal-2014-weak,
    title = "Weak semantic context helps phonetic learning in a model of infant language acquisition",
    author = "Frank, Stella  and
      Feldman, Naomi H.  and
      Goldwater, Sharon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1101",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1101",
    pages = "1073--1083",
}
@inproceedings{van-schijndel-elsner-2014-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping into Filler-Gap: An Acquisition Story",
    author = "van Schijndel, Marten  and
      Elsner, Micha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1102",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1102",
    pages = "1084--1093",
}
@inproceedings{doyle-etal-2014-nonparametric,
    title = "Nonparametric Learning of Phonological Constraints in Optimality Theory",
    author = "Doyle, Gabriel  and
      Bicknell, Klinton  and
      Levy, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1103",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1103",
    pages = "1094--1103",
}
@inproceedings{martineau-etal-2014-active,
    title = "Active Learning with Efficient Feature Weighting Methods for Improving Data Quality and Classification Accuracy",
    author = "Martineau, Justin  and
      Chen, Lu  and
      Cheng, Doreen  and
      Sheth, Amit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1104",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1104",
    pages = "1104--1112",
}
@inproceedings{iyyer-etal-2014-political,
    title = "Political Ideology Detection Using Recursive Neural Networks",
    author = "Iyyer, Mohit  and
      Enns, Peter  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Resnik, Philip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1105",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1105",
    pages = "1113--1122",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-unified,
    title = "A Unified Model for Soft Linguistic Reordering Constraints in Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Li, Junhui  and
      Marton, Yuval  and
      Resnik, Philip  and
      Daum{\'e} III, Hal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1106",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1106",
    pages = "1123--1133",
}
@inproceedings{yan-etal-2014-two,
    title = "Are Two Heads Better than One? Crowdsourced Translation via a Two-Step Collaboration of Non-Professional Translators and Editors",
    author = "Yan, Rui  and
      Gao, Mingkun  and
      Pavlick, Ellie  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1107",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1107",
    pages = "1134--1144",
}
@inproceedings{pickhardt-etal-2014-generalized,
    title = "A Generalized Language Model as the Combination of Skipped n-grams and Modified {K}neser {N}ey Smoothing",
    author = {Pickhardt, Rene  and
      Gottron, Thomas  and
      K{\"o}rner, Martin  and
      Wagner, Paul Georg  and
      Speicher, Till  and
      Staab, Steffen},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1108",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1108",
    pages = "1145--1154",
}
@inproceedings{wang-hua-2014-semiparametric,
    title = "A Semiparametric {G}aussian Copula Regression Model for Predicting Financial Risks from Earnings Calls",
    author = "Wang, William Yang  and
      Hua, Zhenhao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1109",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1109",
    pages = "1155--1165",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2014-polylingual,
    title = "Polylingual Tree-Based Topic Models for Translation Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Hu, Yuening  and
      Zhai, Ke  and
      Eidelman, Vladimir  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1110",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1110",
    pages = "1166--1176",
}
@inproceedings{gormley-etal-2014-low,
    title = "Low-Resource Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Gormley, Matthew R.  and
      Mitchell, Margaret  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Dredze, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1111",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1111",
    pages = "1177--1187",
}
@inproceedings{krishnamurthy-mitchell-2014-joint,
    title = "Joint Syntactic and Semantic Parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar",
    author = "Krishnamurthy, Jayant  and
      Mitchell, Tom M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1112",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1112",
    pages = "1188--1198",
}
@inproceedings{fu-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Semantic Hierarchies via Word Embeddings",
    author = "Fu, Ruiji  and
      Guo, Jiang  and
      Qin, Bing  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1113",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1113",
    pages = "1199--1209",
}
@inproceedings{beltagy-etal-2014-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Soft Logic for Semantic Textual Similarity",
    author = "Beltagy, Islam  and
      Erk, Katrin  and
      Mooney, Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1114",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1114",
    pages = "1210--1219",
}
@inproceedings{mehdad-etal-2014-abstractive,
    title = "Abstractive Summarization of Spoken and Written Conversations Based on Phrasal Queries",
    author = "Mehdad, Yashar  and
      Carenini, Giuseppe  and
      Ng, Raymond T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1115",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1115",
    pages = "1220--1230",
}
@inproceedings{gkatzia-etal-2014-comparing,
    title = "Comparing Multi-label Classification with Reinforcement Learning for Summarisation of Time-series Data",
    author = "Gkatzia, Dimitra  and
      Hastie, Helen  and
      Lemon, Oliver",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1116",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1116",
    pages = "1231--1240",
}
@inproceedings{thadani-2014-approximation,
    title = "Approximation Strategies for Multi-Structure Sentence Compression",
    author = "Thadani, Kapil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1117",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1117",
    pages = "1241--1251",
}
@inproceedings{severyn-etal-2014-opinion,
    title = "Opinion Mining on {Y}ou{T}ube",
    author = "Severyn, Aliaksei  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro  and
      Uryupina, Olga  and
      Plank, Barbara  and
      Filippova, Katja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1118",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1118",
    pages = "1252--1261",
}
@inproceedings{hasan-ng-2014-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Keyphrase Extraction: A Survey of the State of the Art",
    author = "Hasan, Kazi Saidul  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1119",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1119",
    pages = "1262--1273",
}
@inproceedings{litkowski-2014-pattern,
    title = "Pattern Dictionary of {E}nglish Prepositions",
    author = "Litkowski, Ken",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1120",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1120",
    pages = "1274--1283",
}
@inproceedings{morin-hazem-2014-looking,
    title = "Looking at Unbalanced Specialized Comparable Corpora for Bilingual Lexicon Extraction",
    author = "Morin, Emmanuel  and
      Hazem, Amir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1121",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1121",
    pages = "1284--1293",
}
@inproceedings{vannella-etal-2014-validating,
    title = "Validating and Extending Semantic Knowledge Bases using Video Games with a Purpose",
    author = "Vannella, Daniele  and
      Jurgens, David  and
      Scarfini, Daniele  and
      Toscani, Domenico  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1122",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1122",
    pages = "1294--1304",
}
@inproceedings{bhat-etal-2014-shallow,
    title = "Shallow Analysis Based Assessment of Syntactic Complexity for Automated Speech Scoring",
    author = "Bhat, Suma  and
      Xue, Huichao  and
      Yoon, Su-Youn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1123",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1123",
    pages = "1305--1315",
}
@inproceedings{wintrode-khudanpur-2014-repeat,
    title = "Can You Repeat That? Using Word Repetition to Improve Spoken Term Detection",
    author = "Wintrode, Jonathan  and
      Khudanpur, Sanjeev",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1124",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1124",
    pages = "1316--1325",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2014-character,
    title = "Character-Level {C}hinese Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Zhang, Meishan  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1125",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1125",
    pages = "1326--1336",
}
@inproceedings{ma-xia-2014-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Dependency Parsing with Transferring Distribution via Parallel Guidance and Entropy Regularization",
    author = "Ma, Xuezhe  and
      Xia, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1126",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1126",
    pages = "1337--1348",
}
@inproceedings{rasooli-etal-2014-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Morphology-Based Vocabulary Expansion",
    author = "Rasooli, Mohammad Sadegh  and
      Lippincott, Thomas  and
      Habash, Nizar  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1127",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1127",
    pages = "1349--1359",
}
@inproceedings{zeng-etal-2014-toward,
    title = "Toward Better {C}hinese Word Segmentation for {SMT} via Bilingual Constraints",
    author = "Zeng, Xiaodong  and
      Chao, Lidia S.  and
      Wong, Derek F.  and
      Trancoso, Isabel  and
      Tian, Liang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1128",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1128",
    pages = "1360--1369",
}
@inproceedings{devlin-etal-2014-fast,
    title = "Fast and Robust Neural Network Joint Models for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Devlin, Jacob  and
      Zbib, Rabih  and
      Huang, Zhongqiang  and
      Lamar, Thomas  and
      Schwartz, Richard  and
      Makhoul, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1129",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1129",
    pages = "1370--1380",
}
@inproceedings{lei-etal-2014-low,
    title = "Low-Rank Tensors for Scoring Dependency Structures",
    author = "Lei, Tao  and
      Xin, Yu  and
      Zhang, Yuan  and
      Barzilay, Regina  and
      Jaakkola, Tommi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1130",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1130",
    pages = "1381--1391",
}
@inproceedings{rothe-schutze-2014-cosimrank,
    title = "{C}o{S}im{R}ank: A Flexible {\&} Efficient Graph-Theoretic Similarity Measure",
    author = {Rothe, Sascha  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1131",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1131",
    pages = "1392--1402",
}
@inproceedings{lazaridou-etal-2014-wampimuk,
    title = "Is this a wampimuk? Cross-modal mapping between distributional semantics and the visual world",
    author = "Lazaridou, Angeliki  and
      Bruni, Elia  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1132",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1132",
    pages = "1403--1414",
}
@inproceedings{berant-liang-2014-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing via Paraphrasing",
    author = "Berant, Jonathan  and
      Liang, Percy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1133",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1133",
    pages = "1415--1425",
}
@inproceedings{flanigan-etal-2014-discriminative,
    title = "A Discriminative Graph-Based Parser for the Abstract Meaning Representation",
    author = "Flanigan, Jeffrey  and
      Thomson, Sam  and
      Carbonell, Jaime  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1134",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1134",
    pages = "1426--1436",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2014-context,
    title = "Context-dependent Semantic Parsing for Time Expressions",
    author = "Lee, Kenton  and
      Artzi, Yoav  and
      Dodge, Jesse  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1135",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1135",
    pages = "1437--1447",
}
@inproceedings{hermann-etal-2014-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Frame Identification with Distributed Word Representations",
    author = "Hermann, Karl Moritz  and
      Das, Dipanjan  and
      Weston, Jason  and
      Ganchev, Kuzman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1136",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1136",
    pages = "1448--1458",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-zhang-2014-sense,
    title = "A Sense-Based Translation Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Xiong, Deyi  and
      Zhang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1137",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1137",
    pages = "1459--1469",
}
@inproceedings{tamura-etal-2014-recurrent,
    title = "Recurrent Neural Networks for Word Alignment Model",
    author = "Tamura, Akihiro  and
      Watanabe, Taro  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1138",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1138",
    pages = "1470--1480",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2014-constrained,
    title = "A Constrained {V}iterbi Relaxation for Bidirectional Word Alignment",
    author = "Chang, Yin-Wen  and
      Rush, Alexander M.  and
      DeNero, John  and
      Collins, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1139",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1139",
    pages = "1481--1490",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2014-recursive,
    title = "A Recursive Recurrent Neural Network for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Liu, Shujie  and
      Yang, Nan  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1140",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1140",
    pages = "1491--1500",
}
@inproceedings{chaturvedi-etal-2014-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Instructor{'}s Intervention in {MOOC} forums",
    author = "Chaturvedi, Snigdha  and
      Goldwasser, Dan  and
      Daum{\'e} III, Hal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1141",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1141",
    pages = "1501--1511",
}
@inproceedings{jia-zhao-2014-joint,
    title = "A Joint Graph Model for Pinyin-to-{C}hinese Conversion with Typo Correction",
    author = "Jia, Zhongye  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1142",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1142",
    pages = "1512--1523",
}
@inproceedings{pantel-etal-2014-smart,
    title = "Smart Selection",
    author = "Pantel, Patrick  and
      Gamon, Michael  and
      Fuxman, Ariel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1143",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1143",
    pages = "1524--1533",
}
@inproceedings{persing-ng-2014-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Prompt Adherence in Student Essays",
    author = "Persing, Isaac  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1144",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1144",
    pages = "1534--1543",
}
@inproceedings{kang-etal-2014-connotationwordnet,
    title = "{C}onnotation{W}ord{N}et: Learning Connotation over the {W}ord+{S}ense Network",
    author = "Kang, Jun Seok  and
      Feng, Song  and
      Akoglu, Leman  and
      Choi, Yejin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1145",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1145",
    pages = "1544--1554",
}
@inproceedings{tang-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Sentiment-Specific Word Embedding for Twitter Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Tang, Duyu  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Yang, Nan  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Liu, Ting  and
      Qin, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1146",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1146",
    pages = "1555--1565",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-towards,
    title = "Towards a General Rule for Identifying Deceptive Opinion Spam",
    author = "Li, Jiwei  and
      Ott, Myle  and
      Cardie, Claire  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-1147",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-1147",
    pages = "1566--1576",
}
@proceedings{acl-2014-association-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    author = "Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Wu, Hua",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2",
}
@inproceedings{fourtassi-etal-2014-exploring,
    title = "Exploring the Relative Role of Bottom-up and Top-down Information in Phoneme Learning",
    author = "Fourtassi, Abdellah  and
      Schatz, Thomas  and
      Varadarajan, Balakrishnan  and
      Dupoux, Emmanuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{fine-etal-2014-biases,
    title = "Biases in Predicting the Human Language Model",
    author = "Fine, Alex B.  and
      Frank, Austin F.  and
      Jaeger, T. Florian  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2014-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Labeling for Efficient Referential Grounding based on Collaborative Discourse",
    author = "Liu, Changsong  and
      She, Lanbo  and
      Fang, Rui  and
      Chai, Joyce Y.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2014-composite,
    title = "A Composite Kernel Approach for Dialog Topic Tracking with Structured Domain Knowledge from {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Kim, Seokhwan  and
      Banchs, Rafael E.  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2004",
    pages = "19--23",
}
@inproceedings{luo-etal-2014-extension,
    title = "An Extension of {BLANC} to System Mentions",
    author = "Luo, Xiaoqiang  and
      Pradhan, Sameer  and
      Recasens, Marta  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2005",
    pages = "24--29",
}
@inproceedings{pradhan-etal-2014-scoring,
    title = "Scoring Coreference Partitions of Predicted Mentions: A Reference Implementation",
    author = "Pradhan, Sameer  and
      Luo, Xiaoqiang  and
      Recasens, Marta  and
      Hovy, Eduard  and
      Ng, Vincent  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2006",
    pages = "30--35",
}
@inproceedings{joshi-etal-2014-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Sentiment Annotation Complexity of Text",
    author = "Joshi, Aditya  and
      Mishra, Abhijit  and
      Senthamilselvan, Nivvedan  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2007",
    pages = "36--41",
}
@inproceedings{jochim-schutze-2014-improving,
    title = "Improving Citation Polarity Classification with Product Reviews",
    author = {Jochim, Charles  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2008",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2008",
    pages = "42--48",
}
@inproceedings{dong-etal-2014-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Recursive Neural Network for Target-dependent Twitter Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Dong, Li  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Tan, Chuanqi  and
      Tang, Duyu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Xu, Ke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2009",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{hingmire-chakraborti-2014-sprinkling,
    title = "Sprinkling Topics for Weakly Supervised Text Classification",
    author = "Hingmire, Swapnil  and
      Chakraborti, Sutanu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2010",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{sun-han-2014-feature,
    title = "A Feature-Enriched Tree Kernel for Relation Extraction",
    author = "Sun, Le  and
      Han, Xianpei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2011",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2011",
    pages = "61--67",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-grishman-2014-employing,
    title = "Employing Word Representations and Regularization for Domain Adaptation of Relation Extraction",
    author = "Nguyen, Thien Huu  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2012",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2012",
    pages = "68--74",
}
@inproceedings{alhelbawy-gaizauskas-2014-graph,
    title = "Graph Ranking for Collective Named Entity Disambiguation",
    author = "Alhelbawy, Ayman  and
      Gaizauskas, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2013",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2013",
    pages = "75--80",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2014-descending,
    title = "Descending-Path Convolution Kernel for Syntactic Structures",
    author = "Lin, Chen  and
      Miller, Timothy  and
      Kho, Alvin  and
      Bethard, Steven  and
      Dligach, Dmitriy  and
      Pradhan, Sameer  and
      Savova, Guergana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2014",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2014",
    pages = "81--86",
}
@inproceedings{ben-ami-etal-2014-entities,
    title = "Entities{'} Sentiment Relevance",
    author = "Ben-Ami, Zvi  and
      Feldman, Ronen  and
      Rosenfeld, Binyamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2015",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2015",
    pages = "87--92",
}
@inproceedings{grigonyte-baldwin-2014-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection of Multilingual Dictionaries on the Web",
    author = "Grigonyt{\.e}, Gintar{\.e}  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2016",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2016",
    pages = "93--98",
}
@inproceedings{ciobanu-dinu-2014-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection of Cognates Using Orthographic Alignment",
    author = "Ciobanu, Alina Maria  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2017",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2017",
    pages = "99--105",
}
@inproceedings{lam-etal-2014-automatically,
    title = "Automatically constructing {W}ordnet Synsets",
    author = "Lam, Khang Nhut  and
      Al Tarouti, Feras  and
      Kalita, Jugal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2018",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2018",
    pages = "106--111",
}
@inproceedings{yildiz-etal-2014-constructing,
    title = "Constructing a {T}urkish-{E}nglish Parallel {T}ree{B}ank",
    author = {Y{\i}ld{\i}z, Olcay Taner  and
      Solak, Ercan  and
      G{\"o}rg{\"u}n, Onur  and
      Ehsani, Razieh},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2019",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2019",
    pages = "112--117",
}
@inproceedings{berg-kirkpatrick-klein-2014-improved,
    title = "Improved Typesetting Models for Historical {OCR}",
    author = "Berg-Kirkpatrick, Taylor  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2020",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2020",
    pages = "118--123",
}
@inproceedings{tibshirani-manning-2014-robust,
    title = "Robust Logistic Regression using Shift Parameters",
    author = "Tibshirani, Julie  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2021",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2021",
    pages = "124--129",
}
@inproceedings{heafield-etal-2014-faster,
    title = "Faster Phrase-Based Decoding by Refining Feature State",
    author = "Heafield, Kenneth  and
      Kayser, Michael  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2022",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2022",
    pages = "130--135",
}
@inproceedings{auli-gao-2014-decoder,
    title = "Decoder Integration and Expected {BLEU} Training for Recurrent Neural Network Language Models",
    author = "Auli, Michael  and
      Gao, Jianfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2023",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2023",
    pages = "136--142",
}
@inproceedings{neubig-duh-2014-elements,
    title = "On the Elements of an Accurate Tree-to-String Machine Translation System",
    author = "Neubig, Graham  and
      Duh, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2024",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2024",
    pages = "143--149",
}
@inproceedings{gelling-cohn-2014-simple,
    title = "Simple extensions and {POS} Tags for a reparameterised {IBM} Model 2",
    author = "Gelling, Douwe  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2025",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2025",
    pages = "150--154",
}
@inproceedings{cai-etal-2014-dependency,
    title = "Dependency-based Pre-ordering for {C}hinese-{E}nglish Machine Translation",
    author = "Cai, Jingsheng  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Zhang, Yujie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2026",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2026",
    pages = "155--160",
}
@inproceedings{farra-etal-2014-generalized,
    title = "Generalized Character-Level Spelling Error Correction",
    author = "Farra, Noura  and
      Tomeh, Nadi  and
      Rozovskaya, Alla  and
      Habash, Nizar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2027",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2027",
    pages = "161--167",
}
@inproceedings{gubanov-etal-2014-improved,
    title = "Improved Iterative Correction for Distant Spelling Errors",
    author = "Gubanov, Sergey  and
      Galinskaya, Irina  and
      Baytin, Alexey",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2028",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2028",
    pages = "168--173",
}
@inproceedings{heilman-etal-2014-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Grammaticality on an Ordinal Scale",
    author = "Heilman, Michael  and
      Cahill, Aoife  and
      Madnani, Nitin  and
      Lopez, Melissa  and
      Mulholland, Matthew  and
      Tetreault, Joel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2029",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2029",
    pages = "174--180",
}
@inproceedings{beller-etal-2014-im,
    title = "{I}{'}m a Belieber: Social Roles via Self-identification and Conceptual Attributes",
    author = "Beller, Charley  and
      Knowles, Rebecca  and
      Harman, Craig  and
      Bergsma, Shane  and
      Mitchell, Margaret  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2030",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2030",
    pages = "181--186",
}
@inproceedings{daxenberger-gurevych-2014-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Detecting Corresponding Edit-Turn-Pairs in {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Daxenberger, Johannes  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2031",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2031",
    pages = "187--192",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2014-two,
    title = "Two Knives Cut Better Than One: {C}hinese Word Segmentation with Dual Decomposition",
    author = "Wang, Mengqiu  and
      Voigt, Rob  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2032",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2032",
    pages = "193--198",
}
@inproceedings{li-xue-2014-effective,
    title = "Effective Document-Level Features for {C}hinese Patent Word Segmentation",
    author = "Li, Si  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2033",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2033",
    pages = "199--205",
}
@inproceedings{monroe-etal-2014-word,
    title = "Word Segmentation of Informal {A}rabic with Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Monroe, Will  and
      Green, Spence  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2034",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2034",
    pages = "206--211",
}
@inproceedings{kartsaklis-etal-2014-resolving,
    title = "Resolving Lexical Ambiguity in Tensor Regression Models of Meaning",
    author = "Kartsaklis, Dimitri  and
      Kalchbrenner, Nal  and
      Sadrzadeh, Mehrnoosh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2035",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2035",
    pages = "212--217",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2014-novel,
    title = "A Novel Content Enriching Model for Microblog Using News Corpus",
    author = "Yang, Yunlun  and
      Deng, Zhihong  and
      Yu, Hongliang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2036",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2036",
    pages = "218--223",
}
@inproceedings{kocisky-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Bilingual Word Representations by Marginalizing Alignments",
    author = "Ko{\v{c}}isk{\'y}, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}}  and
      Hermann, Karl Moritz  and
      Blunsom, Phil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2037",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2037",
    pages = "224--229",
}
@inproceedings{levitan-elson-2014-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Retries of Voice Search Queries",
    author = "Levitan, Rivka  and
      Elson, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2038",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2038",
    pages = "230--235",
}
@inproceedings{kazemi-etal-2014-sliding,
    title = "Sliding Alignment Windows for Real-Time Crowd Captioning",
    author = "Kazemi, Mohammad  and
      Lavaee, Rahman  and
      Naim, Iftekhar  and
      Gildea, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2039",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2039",
    pages = "236--240",
}
@inproceedings{suzuki-fukumoto-2014-detection,
    title = "Detection of Topic and its Extrinsic Evaluation Through Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Suzuki, Yoshimi  and
      Fukumoto, Fumiyo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2040",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2040",
    pages = "241--246",
}
@inproceedings{beigman-klebanov-etal-2014-content,
    title = "Content Importance Models for Scoring Writing From Sources",
    author = "Beigman Klebanov, Beata  and
      Madnani, Nitin  and
      Burstein, Jill  and
      Somasundaran, Swapna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2041",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2041",
    pages = "247--252",
}
@inproceedings{shen-etal-2014-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Morphological Analysis with Character-level {POS} Tagging",
    author = "Shen, Mo  and
      Liu, Hongxiao  and
      Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2042",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2042",
    pages = "253--258",
}
@inproceedings{silfverberg-etal-2014-part,
    title = "Part-of-Speech Tagging using Conditional Random Fields: Exploiting Sub-Label Dependencies for Improved Accuracy",
    author = "Silfverberg, Miikka  and
      Ruokolainen, Teemu  and
      Lind{\'e}n, Krister  and
      Kurimo, Mikko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2043",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2043",
    pages = "259--264",
}
@inproceedings{sirts-etal-2014-pos,
    title = "{POS} induction with distributional and morphological information using a distance-dependent {C}hinese restaurant process",
    author = "Sirts, Kairit  and
      Eisenstein, Jacob  and
      Elsner, Micha  and
      Goldwater, Sharon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2044",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2044",
    pages = "265--271",
}
@inproceedings{muralidharan-hearst-2014-improving,
    title = "Improving the Recognizability of Syntactic Relations Using Contextualized Examples",
    author = "Muralidharan, Aditi  and
      Hearst, Marti A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2045",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2045",
    pages = "272--277",
}
@inproceedings{shi-etal-2014-speak,
    title = "How to Speak a Language without Knowing It",
    author = "Shi, Xing  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Ji, Heng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2046",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2046",
    pages = "278--282",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-assessing,
    title = "Assessing the Discourse Factors that Influence the Quality of Machine Translation",
    author = "Li, Junyi Jessy  and
      Carpuat, Marine  and
      Nenkova, Ani",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2047",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2047",
    pages = "283--288",
}
@inproceedings{aharoni-etal-2014-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection of Machine Translated Text and Translation Quality Estimation",
    author = "Aharoni, Roee  and
      Koppel, Moshe  and
      Goldberg, Yoav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2048",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2048",
    pages = "289--295",
}
@inproceedings{gawron-2014-improving,
    title = "Improving sparse word similarity models with asymmetric measures",
    author = "Gawron, Jean Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2049",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2049",
    pages = "296--301",
}
@inproceedings{levy-goldberg-2014-dependency,
    title = "Dependency-Based Word Embeddings",
    author = "Levy, Omer  and
      Goldberg, Yoav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2050",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2050",
    pages = "302--308",
}
@inproceedings{perek-2014-vector,
    title = "Vector spaces for historical linguistics: Using distributional semantics to study syntactic productivity in diachrony",
    author = "Perek, Florent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2051",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2051",
    pages = "309--314",
}
@inproceedings{kikuchi-etal-2014-single,
    title = "Single Document Summarization based on Nested Tree Structure",
    author = "Kikuchi, Yuta  and
      Hirao, Tsutomu  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2052",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2052",
    pages = "315--320",
}
@inproceedings{mazidi-nielsen-2014-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Considerations in Automatic Question Generation",
    author = "Mazidi, Karen  and
      Nielsen, Rodney D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2053",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2053",
    pages = "321--326",
}
@inproceedings{qian-liu-2014-polynomial,
    title = "Polynomial Time Joint Structural Inference for Sentence Compression",
    author = "Qian, Xian  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2054",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2054",
    pages = "327--332",
}
@inproceedings{louis-2014-bayesian,
    title = "A {B}ayesian Method to Incorporate Background Knowledge during Automatic Text Summarization",
    author = "Louis, Annie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2055",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2055",
    pages = "333--338",
}
@inproceedings{prabhakaran-rambow-2014-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Power Relations between Participants in Written Dialog from a Single Thread",
    author = "Prabhakaran, Vinodkumar  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2056",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2056",
    pages = "339--344",
}
@inproceedings{qian-etal-2014-tri,
    title = "Tri-Training for Authorship Attribution with Limited Training Data",
    author = "Qian, Tieyun  and
      Liu, Bing  and
      Chen, Li  and
      Peng, Zhiyong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2057",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2057",
    pages = "345--351",
}
@inproceedings{ozbal-etal-2014-automation,
    title = "Automation and Evaluation of the Keyword Method for Second Language Learning",
    author = {{\"O}zbal, G{\"o}zde  and
      Pighin, Daniele  and
      Strapparava, Carlo},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2058",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2058",
    pages = "352--357",
}
@inproceedings{duma-klein-2014-citation,
    title = "Citation Resolution: A method for evaluating context-based citation recommendation systems",
    author = "Duma, Daniel  and
      Klein, Ewan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2059",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2059",
    pages = "358--363",
}
@inproceedings{roark-sproat-2014-hippocratic,
    title = "Hippocratic Abbreviation Expansion",
    author = "Roark, Brian  and
      Sproat, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2060",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2060",
    pages = "364--369",
}
@inproceedings{gebre-etal-2014-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Feature Learning for Visual Sign Language Identification",
    author = "Gebre, Binyam Gebrekidan  and
      Crasborn, Onno  and
      Wittenburg, Peter  and
      Drude, Sebastian  and
      Heskes, Tom",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2061",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2061",
    pages = "370--376",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-etal-2014-experiments,
    title = "Experiments with crowdsourced re-annotation of a {POS} tagging data set",
    author = "Hovy, Dirk  and
      Plank, Barbara  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2062",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2062",
    pages = "377--382",
}
@inproceedings{chen-skiena-2014-building,
    title = "Building Sentiment Lexicons for All Major Languages",
    author = "Chen, Yanqing  and
      Skiena, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2063",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2063",
    pages = "383--389",
}
@inproceedings{beigman-klebanov-beigman-2014-difficult,
    title = "Difficult Cases: From Data to Learning, and Back",
    author = "Beigman Klebanov, Beata  and
      Beigman, Eyal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2064",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2064",
    pages = "390--396",
}
@inproceedings{hartshorne-etal-2014-verbcorner,
    title = "The {V}erb{C}orner Project: Findings from Phase 1 of crowd-sourcing a semantic decomposition of verbs",
    author = "Hartshorne, Joshua K.  and
      Bonial, Claire  and
      Palmer, Martha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2065",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2065",
    pages = "397--402",
}
@inproceedings{tan-lee-2014-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus of Sentence-level Revisions in Academic Writing: A Step towards Understanding Statement Strength in Communication",
    author = "Tan, Chenhao  and
      Lee, Lillian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2066",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2066",
    pages = "403--408",
}
@inproceedings{wilson-oberlander-2014-determiner,
    title = "Determiner-Established Deixis to Communicative Artifacts in Pedagogical Text",
    author = "Wilson, Shomir  and
      Oberlander, Jon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2067",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2067",
    pages = "409--414",
}
@inproceedings{soni-etal-2014-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Factuality Judgments in Social Media Text",
    author = "Soni, Sandeep  and
      Mitra, Tanushree  and
      Gilbert, Eric  and
      Eisenstein, Jacob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2068",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2068",
    pages = "415--420",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2014-topic,
    title = "A Topic Model for Building Fine-grained Domain-specific Emotion Lexicon",
    author = "Yang, Min  and
      Zhu, Dingju  and
      Chow, Kam-Pui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2069",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2069",
    pages = "421--426",
}
@inproceedings{staiano-guerini-2014-depeche,
    title = "Depeche Mood: a Lexicon for Emotion Analysis from Crowd Annotated News",
    author = "Staiano, Jacopo  and
      Guerini, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2070",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2070",
    pages = "427--433",
}
@inproceedings{xiang-zhou-2014-improving,
    title = "Improving Twitter Sentiment Analysis with Topic-Based Mixture Modeling and Semi-Supervised Training",
    author = "Xiang, Bing  and
      Zhou, Liang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2071",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2071",
    pages = "434--439",
}
@inproceedings{perez-rosas-mihalcea-2014-cross,
    title = "Cross-cultural Deception Detection",
    author = "P{\'e}rez-Rosas, Ver{\'o}nica  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2072",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2072",
    pages = "440--445",
}
@inproceedings{may-etal-2014-particle,
    title = "Particle Filter Rejuvenation and Latent {D}irichlet Allocation",
    author = "May, Chandler  and
      Clemmer, Alex  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2073",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2073",
    pages = "446--451",
}
@inproceedings{elliott-keller-2014-comparing,
    title = "Comparing Automatic Evaluation Measures for Image Description",
    author = "Elliott, Desmond  and
      Keller, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2074",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2074",
    pages = "452--457",
}
@inproceedings{horn-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning a Lexical Simplifier Using {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Horn, Colby  and
      Manduca, Cathryn  and
      Kauchak, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2075",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2075",
    pages = "458--463",
}
@inproceedings{hachey-etal-2014-cheap,
    title = "Cheap and easy entity evaluation",
    author = "Hachey, Ben  and
      Nothman, Joel  and
      Radford, Will",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2076",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2076",
    pages = "464--469",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2014-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Real-Life Complex Task Names with Task-Intrinsic Entities from Microblogs",
    author = "Wang, Ting-Xuan  and
      Tsai, Kun-Yu  and
      Lu, Wen-Hsiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2077",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2077",
    pages = "470--475",
}
@inproceedings{charton-etal-2014-mutual,
    title = "Mutual Disambiguation for Entity Linking",
    author = "Charton, Eric  and
      Meurs, Marie-Jean  and
      Jean-Louis, Ludovic  and
      Gagnon, Michel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2078",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2078",
    pages = "476--481",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-2014-well,
    title = "How Well can We Learn Interpretable Entity Types from Text?",
    author = "Hovy, Dirk",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2079",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2079",
    pages = "482--487",
}
@inproceedings{schamoni-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Translational and Knowledge-based Similarities from Relevance Rankings for Cross-Language Retrieval",
    author = "Schamoni, Shigehiko  and
      Hieber, Felix  and
      Sokolov, Artem  and
      Riezler, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2080",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2080",
    pages = "488--494",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-two,
    title = "Two-Stage Hashing for Fast Document Retrieval",
    author = "Li, Hao  and
      Liu, Wei  and
      Ji, Heng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2081",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2081",
    pages = "495--500",
}
@inproceedings{cassidy-etal-2014-annotation,
    title = "An Annotation Framework for Dense Event Ordering",
    author = "Cassidy, Taylor  and
      McDowell, Bill  and
      Chambers, Nathanael  and
      Bethard, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2082",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2082",
    pages = "501--506",
}
@inproceedings{plank-etal-2014-linguistically,
    title = "Linguistically debatable or just plain wrong?",
    author = "Plank, Barbara  and
      Hovy, Dirk  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2083",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2083",
    pages = "507--511",
}
@inproceedings{wallace-etal-2014-humans,
    title = "Humans Require Context to Infer Ironic Intent (so Computers Probably do, too)",
    author = "Wallace, Byron C.  and
      Choe, Do Kook  and
      Kertz, Laura  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2084",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2084",
    pages = "512--516",
}
@inproceedings{friedrich-palmer-2014-automatic,
    title = "Automatic prediction of aspectual class of verbs in context",
    author = "Friedrich, Annemarie  and
      Palmer, Alexis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2085",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2085",
    pages = "517--523",
}
@inproceedings{roth-schulte-im-walde-2014-combining,
    title = "Combining Word Patterns and Discourse Markers for Paradigmatic Relation Classification",
    author = "Roth, Michael  and
      Schulte im Walde, Sabine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2086",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2086",
    pages = "524--530",
}
@inproceedings{wang-hirst-2014-applying,
    title = "Applying a Naive {B}ayes Similarity Measure to Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Wang, Tong  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2087",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2087",
    pages = "531--537",
}
@inproceedings{yang-eisenstein-2014-fast,
    title = "Fast Easy Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Marginalized Structured Dropout",
    author = "Yang, Yi  and
      Eisenstein, Jacob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2088",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2088",
    pages = "538--544",
}
@inproceedings{yu-dredze-2014-improving,
    title = "Improving Lexical Embeddings with Semantic Knowledge",
    author = "Yu, Mo  and
      Dredze, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2089",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2089",
    pages = "545--550",
}
@inproceedings{oda-etal-2014-optimizing,
    title = "Optimizing Segmentation Strategies for Simultaneous Speech Translation",
    author = "Oda, Yusuke  and
      Neubig, Graham  and
      Sakti, Sakriani  and
      Toda, Tomoki  and
      Nakamura, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2090",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2090",
    pages = "551--556",
}
@inproceedings{kudo-etal-2014-joint,
    title = "A joint inference of deep case analysis and zero subject generation for {J}apanese-to-{E}nglish statistical machine translation",
    author = "Kudo, Taku  and
      Ichikawa, Hiroshi  and
      Kazawa, Hideto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2091",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2091",
    pages = "557--562",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-etal-2014-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Approach to Skeleton-based Translation",
    author = "Xiao, Tong  and
      Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Zhang, Chunliang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2092",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2092",
    pages = "563--568",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2014-effective,
    title = "Effective Selection of Translation Model Training Data",
    author = "Liu, Le  and
      Hong, Yu  and
      Liu, Hao  and
      Wang, Xing  and
      Yao, Jianmin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2093",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2093",
    pages = "569--573",
}
@inproceedings{koehn-etal-2014-refinements,
    title = "Refinements to Interactive Translation Prediction Based on Search Graphs",
    author = "Koehn, Philipp  and
      Tsoukala, Chara  and
      Saint-Amand, Herve",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2094",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2094",
    pages = "574--578",
}
@inproceedings{kozhevnikov-titov-2014-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Model Transfer Using Feature Representation Projection",
    author = "Kozhevnikov, Mikhail  and
      Titov, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2095",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2095",
    pages = "579--585",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2014-cross,
    title = "Cross-language and Cross-encyclopedia Article Linking Using Mixed-language Topic Model and Hypernym Translation",
    author = "Wang, Yu-Chun  and
      Wu, Chun-Kai  and
      Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2096",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2096",
    pages = "586--591",
}
@inproceedings{mason-charniak-2014-nonparametric,
    title = "Nonparametric Method for Data-driven Image Captioning",
    author = "Mason, Rebecca  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2097",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2097",
    pages = "592--598",
}
@inproceedings{xue-hwa-2014-improved,
    title = "Improved Correction Detection in Revised {ESL} Sentences",
    author = "Xue, Huichao  and
      Hwa, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2098",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2098",
    pages = "599--604",
}
@inproceedings{ramanath-etal-2014-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Alignment of Privacy Policies using Hidden {M}arkov Models",
    author = "Ramanath, Rohan  and
      Liu, Fei  and
      Sadeh, Norman  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2099",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2099",
    pages = "605--610",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-enriching,
    title = "Enriching Cold Start Personalized Language Model Using Social Network Information",
    author = "Huang, Yu-Yang  and
      Yan, Rui  and
      Kuo, Tsung-Ting  and
      Lin, Shou-De",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2100",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2100",
    pages = "611--617",
}
@inproceedings{cano-basave-etal-2014-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Labelling of Topic Models Learned from Twitter by Summarisation",
    author = "Cano Basave, Amparo Elizabeth  and
      He, Yulan  and
      Xu, Ruifeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2101",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2101",
    pages = "618--624",
}
@inproceedings{cotterell-etal-2014-stochastic,
    title = "Stochastic Contextual Edit Distance and Probabilistic {FST}s",
    author = "Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Peng, Nanyun  and
      Eisner, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2102",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2102",
    pages = "625--630",
}
@inproceedings{aletras-stevenson-2014-labelling,
    title = "Labelling Topics using Unsupervised Graph-based Methods",
    author = "Aletras, Nikolaos  and
      Stevenson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2103",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2103",
    pages = "631--636",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2014-training,
    title = "Training a {K}orean {SRL} System with Rich Morphological Features",
    author = "Kim, Young-Bum  and
      Chae, Heemoon  and
      Snyder, Benjamin  and
      Kim, Yu-Seop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2104",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2104",
    pages = "637--642",
}
@inproceedings{yih-etal-2014-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing for Single-Relation Question Answering",
    author = "Yih, Wen-tau  and
      He, Xiaodong  and
      Meek, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2105",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2105",
    pages = "643--648",
}
@inproceedings{bengoetxea-etal-2014-wordnet,
    title = "On {W}ord{N}et Semantic Classes and Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Bengoetxea, Kepa  and
      Agirre, Eneko  and
      Nivre, Joakim  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Gojenola, Koldo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2106",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2106",
    pages = "649--655",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-mcdonald-2014-enforcing,
    title = "Enforcing Structural Diversity in Cube-pruned Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Zhang, Hao  and
      McDonald, Ryan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2107",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2107",
    pages = "656--661",
}
@inproceedings{kulick-etal-2014-penn,
    title = "The {P}enn Parsed Corpus of Modern {B}ritish {E}nglish: First Parsing Results and Analysis",
    author = "Kulick, Seth  and
      Kroch, Anthony  and
      Santorini, Beatrice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2108",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2108",
    pages = "662--667",
}
@inproceedings{kulick-etal-2014-parser,
    title = "Parser Evaluation Using Derivation Trees: A Complement to evalb",
    author = "Kulick, Seth  and
      Bies, Ann  and
      Mott, Justin  and
      Kroch, Anthony  and
      Santorini, Beatrice  and
      Liberman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2109",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2109",
    pages = "668--673",
}
@inproceedings{peng-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Polylingual Topic Models from Code-Switched Social Media Documents",
    author = "Peng, Nanyun  and
      Wang, Yiming  and
      Dredze, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2110",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2110",
    pages = "674--679",
}
@inproceedings{chrupala-2014-normalizing,
    title = "Normalizing tweets with edit scripts and recurrent neural embeddings",
    author = "Chrupa{\l}a, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2111",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2111",
    pages = "680--686",
}
@inproceedings{osborne-etal-2014-exponential,
    title = "Exponential Reservoir Sampling for Streaming Language Models",
    author = "Osborne, Miles  and
      Lall, Ashwin  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2112",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2112",
    pages = "687--692",
}
@inproceedings{wang-cardie-2014-piece,
    title = "A Piece of My Mind: A Sentiment Analysis Approach for Online Dispute Detection",
    author = "Wang, Lu  and
      Cardie, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2113",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2113",
    pages = "693--699",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2014-simple,
    title = "A Simple {B}ayesian Modelling Approach to Event Extraction from Twitter",
    author = "Zhou, Deyu  and
      Chen, Liangyu  and
      He, Yulan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2114",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2114",
    pages = "700--705",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2014-appropriate,
    title = "Be Appropriate and Funny: Automatic Entity Morph Encoding",
    author = "Zhang, Boliang  and
      Huang, Hongzhao  and
      Pan, Xiaoman  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Wen, Zhen  and
      Sun, Yizhou  and
      Han, Jiawei  and
      Yener, Bulent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2115",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2115",
    pages = "706--711",
}
@inproceedings{salway-touileb-2014-applying,
    title = "Applying Grammar Induction to Text Mining",
    author = "Salway, Andrew  and
      Touileb, Samia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2116",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2116",
    pages = "712--717",
}
@inproceedings{han-sun-2014-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Consistency: A Local Subspace Based Method for Distant Supervised Relation Extraction",
    author = "Han, Xianpei  and
      Sun, Le",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2117",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2117",
    pages = "718--724",
}
@inproceedings{hill-korhonen-2014-concreteness,
    title = "Concreteness and Subjectivity as Dimensions of Lexical Meaning",
    author = "Hill, Felix  and
      Korhonen, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2118",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2118",
    pages = "725--731",
}
@inproceedings{pershina-etal-2014-infusion,
    title = "Infusion of Labeled Data into Distant Supervision for Relation Extraction",
    author = "Pershina, Maria  and
      Min, Bonan  and
      Xu, Wei  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2119",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2119",
    pages = "732--738",
}
@inproceedings{stern-dagan-2014-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing Implied Predicate-Argument Relationships in Textual Inference",
    author = "Stern, Asher  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2120",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2120",
    pages = "739--744",
}
@inproceedings{dunn-2014-measuring,
    title = "Measuring metaphoricity",
    author = "Dunn, Jonathan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2121",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2121",
    pages = "745--751",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2014-empirical,
    title = "Empirical Study of Unsupervised {C}hinese Word Segmentation Methods for {SMT} on Large-scale Corpora",
    author = "Wang, Xiaolin  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Finch, Andrew  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2122",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2122",
    pages = "752--758",
}
@inproceedings{nuhn-ney-2014-em,
    title = "{EM} Decipherment for Large Vocabularies",
    author = "Nuhn, Malte  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2123",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2123",
    pages = "759--764",
}
@inproceedings{lo-etal-2014-xmeant,
    title = "{XMEANT}: Better semantic {MT} evaluation without reference translations",
    author = "Lo, Chi-kiu  and
      Beloucif, Meriem  and
      Saers, Markus  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2124",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2124",
    pages = "765--771",
}
@inproceedings{salloum-etal-2014-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Level Dialect Identification for Machine Translation System Selection",
    author = "Salloum, Wael  and
      Elfardy, Heba  and
      Alamir-Salloum, Linda  and
      Habash, Nizar  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2125",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2125",
    pages = "772--778",
}
@inproceedings{zhai-etal-2014-rnn,
    title = "{RNN}-based Derivation Structure Prediction for {SMT}",
    author = "Zhai, Feifei  and
      Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Zhou, Yu  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2126",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2126",
    pages = "779--784",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-etal-2014-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical {MT} Training using Max-Violation Perceptron",
    author = "Zhao, Kai  and
      Huang, Liang  and
      Mi, Haitao  and
      Ittycheriah, Abe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2127",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2127",
    pages = "785--790",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2014-punctuation,
    title = "Punctuation Processing for Projective Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Ma, Ji  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Zhu, Jingbo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2128",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2128",
    pages = "791--796",
}
@inproceedings{yarmohammadi-etal-2014-transforming,
    title = "Transforming trees into hedges and parsing with {``}hedgebank{''} grammars",
    author = "Yarmohammadi, Mahsa  and
      Dunlop, Aaron  and
      Roark, Brian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2129",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2129",
    pages = "797--802",
}
@inproceedings{kohn-menzel-2014-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Predictive Parsing with {T}urbo{P}arser",
    author = {K{\"o}hn, Arne  and
      Menzel, Wolfgang},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2130",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2130",
    pages = "803--808",
}
@inproceedings{bansal-etal-2014-tailoring,
    title = "Tailoring Continuous Word Representations for Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Bansal, Mohit  and
      Gimpel, Kevin  and
      Livescu, Karen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2131",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2131",
    pages = "809--815",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-denero-2014-observational,
    title = "Observational Initialization of Type-Supervised Taggers",
    author = "Zhang, Hui  and
      DeNero, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2132",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2132",
    pages = "816--821",
}
@inproceedings{andreas-klein-2014-much,
    title = "How much do word embeddings encode about syntax?",
    author = "Andreas, Jacob  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2133",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2133",
    pages = "822--827",
}
@inproceedings{bamman-etal-2014-distributed,
    title = "Distributed Representations of Geographically Situated Language",
    author = "Bamman, David  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2134",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2134",
    pages = "828--834",
}
@inproceedings{kiela-etal-2014-improving,
    title = "Improving Multi-Modal Representations Using Image Dispersion: Why Less is Sometimes More",
    author = "Kiela, Douwe  and
      Hill, Felix  and
      Korhonen, Anna  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2135",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2135",
    pages = "835--841",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2014-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Event Extraction: a Case Study on Trigger Type Determination",
    author = "Zhu, Zhu  and
      Li, Shoushan  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Xia, Rui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2136",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2136",
    pages = "842--847",
}
@inproceedings{lee-hwang-2014-understanding,
    title = "Understanding Relation Temporality of Entities",
    author = "Lee, Taesung  and
      Hwang, Seung-won",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2137",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2137",
    pages = "848--853",
}
@inproceedings{nicolai-kondrak-2014-phonology,
    title = "Does the Phonology of {L}1 Show Up in {L}2 Texts?",
    author = "Nicolai, Garrett  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2138",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2138",
    pages = "854--859",
}
@inproceedings{gui-etal-2014-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Opinion Analysis via Negative Transfer Detection",
    author = "Gui, Lin  and
      Xu, Ruifeng  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Xu, Jun  and
      Xu, Jian  and
      Liu, Bin  and
      Wang, Xiaolong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2139",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-2139",
    pages = "860--865",
}
@proceedings{acl-2014-acl,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    author = "Kochmar, Ekaterina  and
      Louis, Annie  and
      Volkova, Svitlana  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Byrne, Bill",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3",
}
@inproceedings{beck-2014-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Kernel Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Beck, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3001",
    pages = "1--9",
}
@inproceedings{mirza-2014-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Temporal and Causal Relations between Events",
    author = "Mirza, Paramita",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3002",
    pages = "10--17",
}
@inproceedings{yung-2014-towards,
    title = "Towards a discourse relation-aware approach for {C}hinese-{E}nglish machine translation",
    author = "Yung, Frances",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3003",
    pages = "18--25",
}
@inproceedings{zirn-2014-analyzing,
    title = "Analyzing Positions and Topics in Political Discussions of the {G}erman Bundestag",
    author = {Zirn, C{\"a}cilia},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3004",
    pages = "26--33",
}
@inproceedings{letard-etal-2014-mapping,
    title = "A Mapping-Based Approach for General Formal Human Computer Interaction Using Natural Language",
    author = "Letard, Vincent  and
      Rosset, Sophie  and
      Illouz, Gabriel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3005",
    pages = "34--40",
}
@inproceedings{yin-schutze-2014-exploration,
    title = "An Exploration of Embeddings for Generalized Phrases",
    author = {Yin, Wenpeng  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3006",
    pages = "41--47",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-learning,
    title = "Learning Grammar with Explicit Annotations for Subordinating Conjunctions",
    author = "Li, Dongchen  and
      Zhang, Xiantao  and
      Wu, Xihong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3007",
    pages = "48--55",
}
@inproceedings{ilvovsky-2014-going,
    title = "Going beyond sentences when applying tree kernels",
    author = "Ilvovsky, Dmitry",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3008",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3008",
    pages = "56--63",
}
@inproceedings{attokurov-bayazit-2014-multi,
    title = "Multi-document summarization using distortion-rate ratio",
    author = "Attokurov, Ulukbek  and
      Bayazit, Ulug",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3009",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3009",
    pages = "64--70",
}
@inproceedings{greenberg-2014-disambiguating,
    title = "Disambiguating prepositional phrase attachment sites with sense information captured in contextualized distributional data",
    author = "Greenberg, Clayton",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3010",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3010",
    pages = "71--77",
}
@inproceedings{zhila-gelbukh-2014-open,
    title = "Open Information Extraction for {S}panish Language based on Syntactic Constraints",
    author = "Zhila, Alisa  and
      Gelbukh, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3011",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3011",
    pages = "78--85",
}
@inproceedings{li-liu-2014-improving,
    title = "Improving Text Normalization via Unsupervised Model and Discriminative Reranking",
    author = "Li, Chen  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3012",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3012",
    pages = "86--93",
}
@inproceedings{aliabadi-2014-semi,
    title = "Semi-Automatic Development of {K}urd{N}et, The {K}urdish {W}ord{N}et",
    author = "Aliabadi, Purya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL} 2014 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-3013",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-3013",
    pages = "94--99",
}
@proceedings{acl-2014-association-linguistics-system,
    title = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    author = "Bontcheva, Kalina  and
      Zhu, Jingbo",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-cross,
    title = "Cross-Lingual Information to the Rescue in Keyword Extraction",
    author = "Huang, Chung-Chi  and
      Eskenazi, Maxine  and
      Carbonell, Jaime  and
      Ku, Lun-Wei  and
      Yang, Ping-Che",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{gartner-etal-2014-visualization,
    title = "Visualization, Search, and Error Analysis for Coreference Annotations",
    author = {G{\"a}rtner, Markus  and
      Bj{\"o}rkelund, Anders  and
      Thiele, Gregor  and
      Seeker, Wolfgang  and
      Kuhn, Jonas},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{strakova-etal-2014-open,
    title = "Open-Source Tools for Morphology, Lemmatization, {POS} Tagging and Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Strakov{\'a}, Jana  and
      Straka, Milan  and
      Haji{\v{c}}, Jan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{faruqui-dyer-2014-community,
    title = "Community Evaluation and Exchange of Word Vectors at wordvectors.org",
    author = "Faruqui, Manaal  and
      Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{dai-etal-2014-wings,
    title = "{WINGS}:Writing with Intelligent Guidance and Suggestions",
    author = "Dai, Xianjun  and
      Liu, Yuanchao  and
      Wang, Xiaolong  and
      Liu, Bingquan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5005",
    pages = "25--30",
}
@inproceedings{erbs-etal-2014-dkpro,
    title = "{DKP}ro Keyphrases: Flexible and Reusable Keyphrase Extraction Experiments",
    author = "Erbs, Nicolai  and
      Santos, Pedro Bispo  and
      Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Zesch, Torsten",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5006",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{osborne-etal-2014-real,
    title = "Real-Time Detection, Tracking, and Monitoring of Automatically Discovered Events in Social Media",
    author = "Osborne, Miles  and
      Moran, Sean  and
      McCreadie, Richard  and
      Von Lunen, Alexander  and
      Sykora, Martin  and
      Cano, Elizabeth  and
      Ireson, Neil  and
      Macdonald, Craig  and
      Ounis, Iadh  and
      He, Yulan  and
      Jackson, Tom  and
      Ciravegna, Fabio  and
      O{'}Brien, Ann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5007",
    pages = "37--42",
}
@inproceedings{magnini-etal-2014-excitement,
    title = "The Excitement Open Platform for Textual Inferences",
    author = "Magnini, Bernardo  and
      Zanoli, Roberto  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Eichler, Kathrin  and
      Neumann, Guenter  and
      Noh, Tae-Gil  and
      Pado, Sebastian  and
      Stern, Asher  and
      Levy, Omer",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5008",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5008",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{ulinski-etal-2014-welt,
    title = "{WELT}: Using Graphics Generation in Linguistic Fieldwork",
    author = "Ulinski, Morgan  and
      Balakrishnan, Anusha  and
      Coyne, Bob  and
      Hirschberg, Julia  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5009",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{manning-etal-2014-stanford,
    title = "The {S}tanford {C}ore{NLP} Natural Language Processing Toolkit",
    author = "Manning, Christopher  and
      Surdeanu, Mihai  and
      Bauer, John  and
      Finkel, Jenny  and
      Bethard, Steven  and
      McClosky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5010",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{daxenberger-etal-2014-dkpro,
    title = "{DKP}ro {TC}: A {J}ava-based Framework for Supervised Learning Experiments on Textual Data",
    author = "Daxenberger, Johannes  and
      Ferschke, Oliver  and
      Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Zesch, Torsten",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5011",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5011",
    pages = "61--66",
}
@inproceedings{vannella-etal-2014-wosit,
    title = "{W}o{SIT}: A Word Sense Induction Toolkit for Search Result Clustering and Diversification",
    author = "Vannella, Daniele  and
      Flati, Tiziano  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5012",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5012",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@inproceedings{hoang-etal-2014-rule,
    title = "A Rule-Augmented Statistical Phrase-based Translation System",
    author = "Hoang, Cong Duy Vu  and
      Aw, AiTi  and
      Nguyen, Nhung T. H.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5013",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5013",
    pages = "73--78",
}
@inproceedings{richardson-etal-2014-kyotoebmt,
    title = "{K}yoto{EBMT}: An Example-Based Dependency-to-Dependency Translation Framework",
    author = "Richardson, John  and
      Cromi{\`e}res, Fabien  and
      Nakazawa, Toshiaki  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5014",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5014",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{verbeke-etal-2014-klognlp,
    title = "k{L}og{NLP}: Graph Kernel{--}based Relational Learning of Natural Language",
    author = "Verbeke, Mathias  and
      Frasconi, Paolo  and
      De Grave, Kurt  and
      Costa, Fabrizio  and
      De Raedt, Luc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5015",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5015",
    pages = "85--90",
}
@inproceedings{yimam-etal-2014-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Annotation Suggestions and Custom Annotation Layers in {W}eb{A}nno",
    author = "Yimam, Seid Muhie  and
      Biemann, Chris  and
      Eckart de Castilho, Richard  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5016",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5016",
    pages = "91--96",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2014-web,
    title = "Web Information Mining and Decision Support Platform for the Modern Service Industry",
    author = "Li, Binyang  and
      Zhou, Lanjun  and
      Wei, Zhongyu  and
      Wong, Kam-fai  and
      Xu, Ruifeng  and
      Xia, Yunqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5017",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5017",
    pages = "97--102",
}
@inproceedings{tang-chen-2014-fadr,
    title = "{FA}d{R}: A System for Recognizing False Online Advertisements",
    author = "Tang, Yi-jie  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5018",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5018",
    pages = "103--108",
}
@inproceedings{vakil-etal-2014-lex4all,
    title = "lex4all: A language-independent tool for building and evaluating pronunciation lexicons for small-vocabulary speech recognition",
    author = "Vakil, Anjana  and
      Paulus, Max  and
      Palmer, Alexis  and
      Regneri, Michaela",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5019",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5019",
    pages = "109--114",
}
@inproceedings{mann-etal-2014-enhanced,
    title = "Enhanced Search with Wildcards and Morphological Inflections in the {G}oogle Books Ngram Viewer",
    author = "Mann, Jason  and
      Zhang, David  and
      Yang, Lu  and
      Das, Dipanjan  and
      Petrov, Slav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5020",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5020",
    pages = "115--120",
}
@inproceedings{mordowanec-etal-2014-simplified,
    title = "Simplified Dependency Annotations with {GFL}-Web",
    author = "Mordowanec, Michael T.  and
      Schneider, Nathan  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-5021",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-5021",
    pages = "121--126",
}
@proceedings{acl-2014-association-linguistics-tutorials,
    title = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorials",
    author = "Fraser, Alex  and
      Liu, Yang",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-6000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-6",
}
@inproceedings{cohn-etal-2014-gaussian,
    title = "{G}aussian Processes for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Cohn, Trevor  and
      Preo{\c{t}}iuc-Pietro, Daniel  and
      Lawrence, Neil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorials",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-6001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-6001",
    pages = "1--3",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2014-scalable,
    title = "Scalable Large-Margin Structured Learning: Theory and Algorithms",
    author = "Huang, Liang  and
      Zhao, Kai  and
      Liu, Lemao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorials",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-6002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-6002",
    pages = "4--5",
}
@inproceedings{metze-shinoda-2014-semantics,
    title = "Semantics for Large-Scale Multimedia: New Challenges for {NLP}",
    author = "Metze, Florian  and
      Shinoda, Koichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorials",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-6003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-6003",
    pages = "6",
}
@inproceedings{roth-etal-2014-wikification,
    title = "Wikification and Beyond: The Challenges of Entity and Concept Grounding",
    author = "Roth, Dan  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Chang, Ming-Wei  and
      Cassidy, Taylor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorials",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-6004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-6004",
    pages = "7",
}
@inproceedings{grefenstette-etal-2014-new,
    title = "New Directions in Vector Space Models of Meaning",
    author = "Grefenstette, Edward  and
      Hermann, Karl Moritz  and
      Dinu, Georgiana  and
      Blunsom, Phil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorials",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-6005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-6005",
    pages = "8",
}
@inproceedings{gormley-eisner-2014-structured,
    title = "Structured Belief Propagation for {NLP}",
    author = "Gormley, Matthew  and
      Eisner, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorials",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-6006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-6006",
    pages = "9--10",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-zhang-2014-semantics,
    title = "Semantics, Discourse and Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Xiong, Deyi  and
      Zhang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorials",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-6007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-6007",
    pages = "11--12",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2014-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Processing Using Global Discriminative Learning and Beam-Search Decoding",
    author = "Zhang, Yue  and
      Zhang, Meishan  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorials",
    month = jun,
    year = "2014",
    address = "Baltimore, Maryland, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-6008",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P14-6008",
    pages = "13--15",
}
@proceedings{acl-2000-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
}
@inproceedings{brennan-2000-invited,
    title = "Invited Talk: Processes that Shape Conversation and their Implications for Computational Linguistics",
    author = "Brennan, Susan E.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1001",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075219",
    pages = "1--11",
}
@inproceedings{tsujii-2000-invited,
    title = "Invited Talk: Generic {NLP} Technologies: Language, Knowledge and Information Extraction",
    author = "Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1002",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075220",
    pages = "12--22",
}
@inproceedings{moore-2000-invited,
    title = "Invited Talk: Spoken Language Technology: Where Do We Go From Here?",
    author = "Moore, Roger K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1003",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075221",
    pages = "22--22",
}
@inproceedings{vogel-ney-2000-translation,
    title = "Translation with Cascaded Finite State Transducers",
    author = "Vogel, Stephan  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1004",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075222",
    pages = "23--30",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2000-phrase,
    title = "Phrase-Pattern-based {K}orean to {E}nglish Machine Translation using Two Level Translation Pattern Selection",
    author = "Kim, Jung-jae  and
      Choi, Key-Sun  and
      Chae, Young-Soog",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1005",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075223",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{foster-2000-maximum,
    title = "A Maximum Entropy/Minimum Divergence Translation Model",
    author = "Foster, George",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1006",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075224",
    pages = "45--52",
}
@inproceedings{krymolowski-dagan-2000-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating Compositional Evidence in Memory-Based Partial Parsing",
    author = "Krymolowski, Yuval  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1007",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075225",
    pages = "53--60",
}
@inproceedings{simaan-2000-tree,
    title = "Tree-gram Parsing: Lexical Dependencies and Structural Relations",
    author = "Sima{'}an, K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1008",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075226",
    pages = "37--44",
}
@inproceedings{bod-2000-improved,
    title = "An Improved Parser for Data-Oriented Lexical-Functional Analysis",
    author = "Bod, Rens",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1009",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075227",
    pages = "61--68",
}
@inproceedings{mani-wilson-2000-robust,
    title = "Robust Temporal Processing of News",
    author = "Mani, Inderjeet  and
      Wilson, George",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1010",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075228",
    pages = "69--76",
}
@inproceedings{bechet-etal-2000-tagging,
    title = "Tagging Unknown Proper Names Using Decision Trees",
    author = "B{\'e}chet, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric  and
      Nasr, Alexis  and
      Genet, Franck",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1011",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075229",
    pages = "77--84",
}
@inproceedings{malouf-2000-order,
    title = "The Order of Prenominal Adjectives in Natural Language Generation",
    author = "Malouf, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1012",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075230",
    pages = "85--92",
}
@inproceedings{roy-etal-2000-spoken,
    title = "Spoken Dialogue Management Using Probabilistic Reasoning",
    author = "Roy, Nicholas  and
      Pineau, Joelle  and
      Thrun, Sebastian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1013",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075231",
    pages = "93--100",
}
@inproceedings{pantel-lin-2000-unsupervised,
    title = "An Unsupervised Approach to Prepositional Phrase Attachment using Contextually Similar Words",
    author = "Pantel, Patrick  and
      Lin, Dekang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1014",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075232",
    pages = "101--108",
}
@inproceedings{xun-etal-2000-unified,
    title = "A Unified Statistical Model for the Identification of {E}nglish {B}ase{NP}",
    author = "Xun, Endong  and
      Huang, Changning  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1015",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075233",
    pages = "109--116",
}
@inproceedings{ngai-yarowsky-2000-rule,
    title = "Rule Writing or Annotation: Cost-efficient Resource Usage for Base Noun Phrase Chunking",
    author = "Ngai, Grace  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1016",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075234",
    pages = "117--125",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-2000-using,
    title = "Using Existing Systems to Supplement Small Amounts of Annotated Grammatical Relations Training Data",
    author = "Yeh, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1017",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075235",
    pages = "126--132",
}
@inproceedings{milward-2000-distributing,
    title = "Distributing Representation for Robust Interpretation of Dialogue Utterances",
    author = "Milward, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1018",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075236",
    pages = "133--141",
}
@inproceedings{jordan-2000-nominal,
    title = "Can Nominal Expressions Achieve Multiple Goals?: An Empirical Study",
    author = "Jordan, Pamela",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1019",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075237",
    pages = "142--149",
}
@inproceedings{carenini-moore-2000-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study of the Influence of Argument Conciseness on Argument Effectiveness",
    author = "Carenini, Giuseppe  and
      Moore, Johanna D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1020",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075238",
    pages = "150--157",
}
@inproceedings{tanaka-ishii-frank-2000-multi,
    title = "Multi-Agent Explanation Strategies in Real-Time Domains",
    author = "Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko  and
      Frank, Ian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1021",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075239",
    pages = "158--165",
}
@inproceedings{ferrandez-peral-2000-computational,
    title = "A Computational Approach to Zero-pronouns in {S}panish",
    author = "Ferr{\'a}ndez, Antonio  and
      Peral, Jes{\'u}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1022",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075240",
    pages = "166--172",
}
@inproceedings{morton-2000-coreference,
    title = "Coreference for {NLP} Applications",
    author = "Morton, Thomas S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1023",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075241",
    pages = "173--180",
}
@inproceedings{jordan-walker-2000-learning,
    title = "Learning Attribute Selections for Non-Pronominal Expressions",
    author = "Jordan, Pamela  and
      Walker, Marilyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1024",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075242",
    pages = "181--190",
}
@inproceedings{beesley-karttunen-2000-finite,
    title = "Finite-State Non-Concatenative Morphotactics",
    author = "Beesley, Kenneth R.  and
      Karttunen, Lauri",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1025",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075243",
    pages = "191--198",
}
@inproceedings{roeck-al-fares-2000-morphologically,
    title = "A Morphologically Sensitive Clustering Algorithm for Identifying {A}rabic Roots",
    author = "Roeck, Anne N. De  and
      Al-Fares, Waleed",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1026",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075244",
    pages = "199--206",
}
@inproceedings{yarowsky-wicentowski-2000-minimally,
    title = "Minimally Supervised Morphological Analysis by Multimodal Alignment",
    author = "Yarowsky, David  and
      Wicentowski, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1027",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075245",
    pages = "207--216",
}
@inproceedings{klein-2000-constraint,
    title = "A Constraint-based Approach to {E}nglish Prosodic Constituents",
    author = "Klein, Ewan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1028",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075246",
    pages = "217--224",
}
@inproceedings{muller-etal-2000-inducing,
    title = "Inducing Probabilistic Syllable Classes Using Multivariate Clustering",
    author = {M{\"u}ller, Karin  and
      M{\"o}bius, Bernd  and
      Prescher, Detlef},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1029",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075247",
    pages = "225--232",
}
@inproceedings{pan-hirschberg-2000-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Local Context for Pitch Accent Prediction",
    author = "Pan, Shimei  and
      Hirschberg, Julia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1030",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075248",
    pages = "233--240",
}
@inproceedings{chen-lee-2000-new,
    title = "A New Statistical Approach To {C}hinese Pinyin Input",
    author = "Chen, Zheng  and
      Lee, Kai-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1031",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075249",
    pages = "241--247",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2000-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detecting/Correcting Errors in {C}hinese Text by an Approximate Word-Matching Algorithm",
    author = "Zhang, Lei  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Huang, Changning  and
      Pan, Haihua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1032",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075250",
    pages = "248--254",
}
@inproceedings{lai-huang-2000-dependency,
    title = "Dependency-based Syntactic Analysis of {C}hinese and Annotation of Parsed Corpus",
    author = "Lai, Tom B.Y.  and
      Huang, Changning",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1033",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075251",
    pages = "255--262",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2000-part,
    title = "Part-of-Speech Tagging Based on Hidden {M}arkov Model Assuming Joint Independence",
    author = "Lee, Sang-Zoo  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1034",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075252",
    pages = "263--269",
}
@inproceedings{cucerzan-yarowsky-2000-language,
    title = "Language Independent, Minimally Supervised Induction of Lexical Probabilities",
    author = "Cucerzan, Silviu  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1035",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075253",
    pages = "270--277",
}
@inproceedings{hepple-2000-independence,
    title = "Independence and Commitment: Assumptions for Rapid Training and Execution of Rule-based {POS} Taggers",
    author = "Hepple, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1036",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075254",
    pages = "278--277",
}
@inproceedings{brill-moore-2000-improved,
    title = "An Improved Error Model for Noisy Channel Spelling Correction",
    author = "Brill, Eric  and
      Moore, Robert C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1037",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075255",
    pages = "286--293",
}
@inproceedings{berger-mittal-2000-query,
    title = "Query-Relevant Summarization using {FAQ}s",
    author = "Berger, Adam  and
      Mittal, Vibhu O.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1038",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075256",
    pages = "294--301",
}
@inproceedings{nakao-2000-algorithm,
    title = "An Algorithm for One-page Summarization of a Long Text Based on Thematic Hierarchy Detection",
    author = "Nakao, Yoshio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1039",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075257",
    pages = "302--309",
}
@inproceedings{reithinger-etal-2000-summarizing,
    title = "Summarizing Multilingual Spoken Negotiation Dialogues",
    author = "Reithinger, Norbert  and
      Kipp, Michael  and
      Engel, Ralf  and
      Alexandersson, Jan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1040",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075258",
    pages = "310--317",
}
@inproceedings{banko-etal-2000-headline,
    title = "Headline Generation Based on Statistical Translation",
    author = "Banko, Michele  and
      Mittal, Vibhu O.  and
      Witbrock, Michael J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1041",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075259",
    pages = "318--325",
}
@inproceedings{uchimoto-etal-2000-named,
    title = "Named Entity Extraction Based on A Maximum Entropy Model and Transformation Rules",
    author = "Uchimoto, Kiyotaka  and
      Ma, Qing  and
      Murata, Masaki  and
      Ozaku, Hiromi  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1042",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075260",
    pages = "326--335",
}
@inproceedings{khoo-etal-2000-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Causal Knowledge from a Medical Database Using Graphical Patterns",
    author = "Khoo, Christopher S. G.  and
      Chan, Syin  and
      Niu, Yun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1043",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075261",
    pages = "336--343",
}
@inproceedings{nobata-etal-2000-difficulty,
    title = "Difficulty Indices for the Named Entity Task in {J}apanese",
    author = "Nobata, Chikashi  and
      Sekine, Satoshi  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1044",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075262",
    pages = "344--351",
}
@inproceedings{van-lohuizen-2000-memory,
    title = "Memory-Efficient and Thread-Safe Quasi-Destructive Graph Unification",
    author = "van Lohuizen, Marcel P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1045",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075263",
    pages = "352--359",
}
@inproceedings{kuhn-2000-processing,
    title = "Processing Optimality-theoretic Syntax by Interleaved Chart Parsing and Generation",
    author = "Kuhn, Jonas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1046",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075264",
    pages = "368--375",
}
@inproceedings{koller-etal-2000-polynomial,
    title = "A Polynomial-Time Fragment of Dominance Constraints",
    author = "Koller, Alexander  and
      Mehlhorn, Kurt  and
      Niehren, Joachim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1047",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075265",
    pages = "376--383",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2000-hidden,
    title = "Hidden {M}arkov Model-Based {K}orean Part-of-Speech Tagging Considering High Agglutinativity, Word-Spacing, and Lexical Correlativity",
    author = "Lee, Sang-Zoo  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi  and
      Rim, Hae-Chang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1048",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075266",
    pages = "384--391",
}
@inproceedings{nagata-2000-synchronous,
    title = "Synchronous Morphological Analysis of Grapheme and Phoneme for {J}apanese {OCR}",
    author = "Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1049",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075267",
    pages = "384--391",
}
@inproceedings{huang-choi-2000-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese-{K}orean Word Alignment Based on Linguistic Comparison",
    author = "Huang, Jin-Xia  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1050",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075268",
    pages = "392--399",
}
@inproceedings{poesio-etal-2000-specifying,
    title = "Specifying the Parameters of Centering Theory: a Corpus-Based Evaluation using Text from Application-Oriented Domains",
    author = "Poesio, M.  and
      Cheng, H.  and
      Henschel, R.  and
      Hitzeman, J.  and
      Kibble, R.  and
      Stevenson, R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1051",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075269",
    pages = "400--407",
}
@inproceedings{miltsakaki-kukich-2000-role,
    title = "The Role of Centering Theory{'}s Rough-Shift in the Teaching and Evaluation of Writing Skills",
    author = "Miltsakaki, Eleni  and
      Kukich, Karen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1052",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075270",
    pages = "408--415",
}
@inproceedings{ide-cristea-2000-hierarchical,
    title = "A Hierarchical Account of Referential Accessibility",
    author = "Ide, Nancy  and
      Cristea, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1053",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075271",
    pages = "416--424",
}
@inproceedings{sumita-2000-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Transfer Using a Vector-Space Model",
    author = "Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1054",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075272",
    pages = "425--431",
}
@inproceedings{ribeiro-etal-2000-using,
    title = "Using Confidence Bands for Parallel Texts Alignment",
    author = "Ribeiro, Ant{\'o}nio  and
      Lopes, Gabriel  and
      Mexia, Jo{\~a}o",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1055",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075273",
    pages = "432--439",
}
@inproceedings{och-ney-2000-improved,
    title = "Improved Statistical Alignment Models",
    author = "Och, Franz Josef  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1056",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075274",
    pages = "440--447",
}
@inproceedings{schuler-etal-2000-multi,
    title = "Multi-Component {TAG} and Notions of Formal Power",
    author = "Schuler, William  and
      Chiang, David  and
      Dras, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1057",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075275",
    pages = "448--455",
}
@inproceedings{chiang-2000-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Parsing with an Automatically-Extracted Tree Adjoining Grammar",
    author = "Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1058",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075276",
    pages = "456--463",
}
@inproceedings{bangalore-rambow-2000-corpus,
    title = "Corpus-Based Lexical Choice in Natural Language Generation",
    author = "Bangalore, Srinivas  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1059",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075277",
    pages = "464--471",
}
@inproceedings{sui-etal-2000-information,
    title = "An Information-Theory-Based Feature Type Analysis for the Modeling of Statistical Parsing",
    author = "Sui, Zhifang  and
      Zhao, Jun  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1060",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075278",
    pages = "472--479",
}
@inproceedings{riezler-etal-2000-lexicalized,
    title = "Lexicalized Stochastic Modeling of Constraint-Based Grammars using Log-Linear Measures and {EM} Training",
    author = "Riezler, Stefan  and
      Prescher, Detlef  and
      Kuhn, Jonas  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1061",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075279",
    pages = "480--487",
}
@inproceedings{fujii-ishikawa-2000-utilizing,
    title = "Utilizing the World Wide Web as an Encyclopedia: Extracting Term Descriptions from Semi-Structured Texts",
    author = "Fujii, Atsushi  and
      Ishikawa, Tetsuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1062",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075280",
    pages = "488--495",
}
@inproceedings{oh-etal-2000-term,
    title = "Term Recognition Using Technical Dictionary Hierarchy",
    author = "Oh, Jong-Hoon  and
      Lee, KyungSoon  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1063",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075281",
    pages = "496--503",
}
@inproceedings{daude-etal-2000-mapping,
    title = "Mapping {W}ord{N}ets Using Structural Information",
    author = "Daud{\'e}, J.  and
      Padr{\'o}, L.  and
      Rigau, G.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1064",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075282",
    pages = "504--511",
}
@inproceedings{gildea-jurafsky-2000-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles",
    author = "Gildea, Daniel  and
      Jurafsky, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1065",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075283",
    pages = "512--520",
}
@inproceedings{pinkal-kohlhase-2000-feature,
    title = "Feature Logic for Dotted Types: A Formalism for Complex Word Meanings",
    author = "Pinkal, Manfred  and
      Kohlhase, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1066",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075284",
    pages = "521--528",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2000-pens,
    title = "{PENS}: A Machine-aided {E}nglish Writing System for {C}hinese Users",
    author = "Liu, Ting  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Xun, Endong  and
      Huang, Changning",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1067",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075285",
    pages = "529--536",
}
@inproceedings{kakegawa-etal-2000-diagnostic,
    title = "Diagnostic Processing of {J}apanese for Computer-Assisted Second Language Learning",
    author = "Kakegawa, Jun{'}ichi  and
      Kanda, Hisayuki  and
      Fujioka, Eitaro  and
      Itami, Makoto  and
      Itoh, Kohji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1068",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075286",
    pages = "537--546",
}
@inproceedings{park-etal-2000-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation by Learning from Unlabeled Data",
    author = "Park, Seong-Bae  and
      Zhang, Byoung-Tak  and
      Kim, Yung Taek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1069",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075287",
    pages = "547--554",
}
@inproceedings{vicedo-ferrandez-2000-importance,
    title = "Importance of Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in Question Answering Systems",
    author = "Vicedo, Jos{\'e} L.  and
      Ferr{\'a}ndez, Antonio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1070",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075288",
    pages = "555--562",
}
@inproceedings{moldovan-etal-2000-structure,
    title = "The Structure and Performance of an Open-Domain Question Answering System",
    author = "Moldovan, Dan  and
      Harabagiu, Sanda  and
      Pasca, Marius  and
      Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Girju, Roxana  and
      Goodrum, Richard  and
      Rus, Vasile",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1071",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075289",
    pages = "563--570",
}
@inproceedings{kim-choi-2000-dimension,
    title = "Dimension-Reduced Estimation of Word Co-occurrence Probability",
    author = "Kim, Kilyoun  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1072",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075290",
    pages = "571--578",
}
@inproceedings{gao-lee-2000-distribution,
    title = "Distribution-Based Pruning of Backoff Language Models",
    author = "Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Lee, Kai-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1073",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075291",
    pages = "579--588",
}
@inproceedings{roxas-borra-2000-panel,
    title = "{P}anel: Computational Linguistics Research on {P}hilippine Languages",
    author = "Roxas, Rachel Edita O.  and
      Borra, Allan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1074",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075292",
    pages = "1--2",
}
@inproceedings{nazief-2000-panel,
    title = "{P}anel: Development of Computational Linguistics Research: A Challenge for {I}ndonesia",
    author = "Nazief, Bobby",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1075",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075293",
    pages = "1--2",
}
@inproceedings{phan-2000-panel,
    title = "{P}anel: Good Spelling of {V}ietnamese Texts,One Aspect of Computational Linguistics in Vietnam",
    author = "Phan, Huy Khanh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1076",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075294",
    pages = "1--2",
}
@inproceedings{bharati-etal-2000-panel,
    title = "{P}anel: Computational Linguistics in {I}ndia: An Overview",
    author = "Bharati, Akshar  and
      Chaitanya, Vineet  and
      Sangal, Rajeev",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1077",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075295",
    pages = "1--2",
}
@inproceedings{sornlertlamvanich-etal-2000-panel,
    title = "{P}anel: The State of the Art in {T}hai Language Processing",
    author = "Sornlertlamvanich, Virach  and
      Potipiti, Tanapong  and
      Wutiwiwatchai, Chai  and
      Mittrapiyanuruk, Pradit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1078",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075296",
    pages = "1--2",
}
@inproceedings{yusoff-2000-panel,
    title = "{P}anel: Computational Linguistics in Malaysia",
    author = "Yusoff, Zaharin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = oct,
    year = "2000",
    address = "Hong Kong",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P00-1079",
    doi = "10.3115/1075218.1075297",
    pages = "1--2",
}
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      Kim, Jong-Bok",
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    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1000",
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    title = "Classifiers and Semantic Type Coercion : Motivating a New Classification of Classifiers",
    author = "Ahrens, Kathleen  and
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    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
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    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1001",
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    title = "Configuration vs. Information : An Informational Explanation of Command Relations",
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    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
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    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1002",
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    title = "Subject-oriented and non Subject-oriented Long-distance Anaphora : an Integrated Approach",
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      Marrafa, Palmira",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
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    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1003",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12030",
    pages = "21--30",
}
@inproceedings{kim-park-1996-english,
    title = "{E}nglish Free Relative Clause Constructions : From a Constraint-Based Perspective",
    author = "Kim, Jong-Bok  and
      Park, Byung-Soo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1004",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12041",
    pages = "31--41",
}
@inproceedings{siegel-1996-preferences,
    title = "Preferences and Defaults for Definiteness and Number in {J}apanese to {G}erman Machine Translation",
    author = "Siegel, Melanie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1005",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12054",
    pages = "43--52",
}
@inproceedings{gamback-etal-1996-underspecified,
    title = "Underspecified {J}apanese Semantics in a Machine Translation System",
    author = {Gamb{\"a}ck, Bj{\"o}rn  and
      Lieske, Christian  and
      Mori, Yoshiki},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1006",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12062",
    pages = "53--62",
}
@inproceedings{campbell-etal-1996-improving,
    title = "Improving Automated Alignment in Multilingual Corpora",
    author = "Campbell, J.A.  and
      Chatterjee, N.  and
      Manela, M.  and
      Fang, Alex Chengyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1007",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12063",
    pages = "63--72",
}
@inproceedings{chan-1996-truth,
    title = "The Truth-Conditional Treatment of Ambiguity and {C}hinese Serial Verb Constructions",
    author = "Chan, Alice Yin Wa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1008",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12064",
    pages = "73--82",
}
@inproceedings{lee-1996-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Causatives in {K}orean : Clause Union or Not?",
    author = "Lee, Keon Soo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1009",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12065",
    pages = "83--92",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-1996-discourse,
    title = "A Discourse Approach to Causal Sentences in {M}andarin {C}hinese",
    author = "Tsai, Mei-chih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1010",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12066",
    pages = "93--98",
}
@inproceedings{chae-1996-light,
    title = "Light Verb Constructions and Structural Ambiguity",
    author = "Chae, Hee-Rahk",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1011",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12067",
    pages = "99--107",
}
@inproceedings{cooper-1996-ambiguous,
    title = "Ambiguous (((Par(t)(it))((ion))(s))(in)) {T}hai Text",
    author = "Cooper, Doug",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1012",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12018",
    pages = "109--118",
}
@inproceedings{hasan-lua-1996-neural,
    title = "Neural Networks in {C}hinese Lexical Classification",
    author = "Hasan, Md Maruf  and
      Lua, Kim-Teng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1013",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12020",
    pages = "119--128",
}
@inproceedings{choi-etal-1996-logical,
    title = "A Logical Structure for the Construction of Machine Readable Dictionaries",
    author = "Choi, Byung-Jin  and
      Lee, Jae-Sung  and
      Lee, Woon-Jae  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1014",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12021",
    pages = "129--136",
}
@inproceedings{mc-hale-myaeng-1996-extraction,
    title = "Extraction of Thematic Roles from Dictionary Definitions",
    author = "Mc Hale, Michael L.  and
      Myaeng, Sung H.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1015",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12022",
    pages = "137--146",
}
@inproceedings{uda-1996-beyond,
    title = "Beyond Telicity and Affected-Theme : Semantic Factors Contributing to the Resultative Interpretation of Predicates in {J}apanese",
    author = "Uda, Chiharu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1016",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12023",
    pages = "147--156",
}
@inproceedings{ikeya-1996-semantic,
    title = "The Semantic Structure of {J}apanese Adjectives with -tai Derivational Suffix",
    author = "Ikeya, Akira",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1017",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12024",
    pages = "157--166",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-1996-sinica,
    title = "{SINICA} {CORPUS} : Design Methodology for Balanced Corpora",
    author = "Chen, Keh-Jiann  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Chang, Li-Ping  and
      Hsu, Hui-Li",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1018",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12025",
    pages = "167--176",
}
@inproceedings{shinnou-1996-finding,
    title = "Finding a Deficiency of a Meaning in a Bunrui-goi-hyou Entry by Using Corpora",
    author = "Shinnou, Hiroyuki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1019",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12026",
    pages = "177--186",
}
@inproceedings{uehara-bradley-1996-effect,
    title = "The Effect of -ga Sequences on Processing {J}apanese Multiply Center-Embedded Sentences",
    author = "Uehara, Keiko  and
      Bradley, Dianne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1020",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12027",
    pages = "187--196",
}
@inproceedings{kwak-1996-event,
    title = "The Event-Dependent Individuals and the Ambiguity of Donkey Sentences",
    author = "Kwak, Eun-Joo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1021",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12028",
    pages = "197--207",
}
@inproceedings{uehara-1996-pronouns,
    title = "Are Pronouns Always Zero in Zero Pronominal Languages? : The Case in {J}apanese",
    author = "Uehara, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1022",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12029",
    pages = "209--218",
}
@inproceedings{kang-1996-markup,
    title = "Markup of {K}orean Dictionary Entries",
    author = "Kang, Beom-mo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1023",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12031",
    pages = "219--228",
}
@inproceedings{hirano-matsumoto-1996-proposal,
    title = "A Proposal of {K}orean Conjugation System and its Application to Morphological Analysis",
    author = "Hirano, Yoshitaka  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1024",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12032",
    pages = "229--236",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-1996-rule,
    title = "Rule-based Approach to {K}orean Morphological Disambiguation Supported by Statistical Method",
    author = "Kim, Min-Jung  and
      Kwon, Hyuk-Chul  and
      Yoon, Ae-Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1025",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12033",
    pages = "237--246",
}
@inproceedings{wu-1996-argument,
    title = "Argument Control and Mapping Theory : Evidence from the {HO} Construction in {T}aiwanese",
    author = "Wu, Jiun-Shiung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1026",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12034",
    pages = "247--256",
}
@inproceedings{yoshida-yoshida-1996-interrogative,
    title = "Interrogative Feature Checking in {J}apanese and {K}orean",
    author = "Yoshida, Keiko  and
      Yoshida, Tomoyuki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1027",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12035",
    pages = "257--266",
}
@inproceedings{hsin-1996-temporal,
    title = "Temporal/Locative {WH}s and Null-P Incorporation",
    author = "Hsin, Tien-Hsin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1028",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12036",
    pages = "267--276",
}
@inproceedings{inaba-1996-computational,
    title = "A Computational Expression of Initial Binary Feet and Surface Ternary Feet in Metrical Theory",
    author = "Inaba, Seiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1029",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12037",
    pages = "277--287",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-1996-mandarin,
    title = "A {M}andarin Voice Organizer Based on a Template-Matching Speech Recognizer",
    author = "Wang, Jhing-Fa  and
      Shyuu, Jyh-Shing  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1030",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12038",
    pages = "289--296",
}
@inproceedings{kawamori-etal-1996-phonological,
    title = "A Phonological Study on {J}apanese Discourse Markers",
    author = "Kawamori, Masahito  and
      Shimazu, Akira  and
      Kawabata, Takeshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1031",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12039",
    pages = "297--306",
}
@inproceedings{chung-1996-contrastive,
    title = "Contrastive Focus and Exempted Anaphor Caki in {K}orean",
    author = "Chung, Chan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1032",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12040",
    pages = "307--316",
}
@inproceedings{evans-1996-legitimate,
    title = "Legitimate Termination of Nonlocal Features in {HPSG}",
    author = "Evans, Hywel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1033",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12042",
    pages = "317--326",
}
@inproceedings{ryu-1996-argument,
    title = "Argument Structure and Unaccusativity in the Constraint-based Lexicon",
    author = "Ryu, Byong-Rae",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1034",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12043",
    pages = "327--336",
}
@inproceedings{wu-sun-1996-fuzzy,
    title = "Fuzzy Statistics and Computation on the Lexical Semantics : How Much Do You Think? and How Many?",
    author = "Wu, Berlin  and
      Sun, Ching-min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1035",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12044",
    pages = "337--346",
}
@inproceedings{komatsu-1996-epistemic,
    title = "Epistemic Model and Three-valued Interpretation",
    author = "Komatsu, Hisashi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1036",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12045",
    pages = "347--356",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-1996-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Topics from Texts Based on Situations",
    author = "Ma, Zhiyi  and
      Zhan, Xuegong  and
      Yao, Tianshun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1037",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12046",
    pages = "357--362",
}
@inproceedings{yang-berwick-1996-principle,
    title = "Principle-based Parsing for {C}hinese",
    author = "Yang, Charles D.  and
      Berwick, Robert C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1038",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12047",
    pages = "363--371",
}
@inproceedings{nagamatsu-tanaka-1996-estimating,
    title = "Estimating Point-of-View-based Similarity Using {POV} Reinforcement and Similarity Propagation",
    author = "Nagamatsu, Kenji  and
      Tanaka, Hidehiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1039",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12048",
    pages = "373--382",
}
@inproceedings{hogenhout-matsumoto-1996-fast,
    title = "Fast Statistical Grammar Induction",
    author = "Hogenhout, Wide R.  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1040",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12049",
    pages = "383--392",
}
@inproceedings{chung-1996-structure,
    title = "On the Structure of the So-called Head Internal Relative Construction",
    author = "Chung, Daeho",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1041",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12050",
    pages = "393--402",
}
@inproceedings{kim-1996-internally,
    title = "Internally Headed Relative Clause Constructions in {K}orean",
    author = "Kim, Yong-Beom",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1042",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12051",
    pages = "403--413",
}
@inproceedings{lee-cho-1996-coronal,
    title = "Coronal Unmarkedness and Clusters in Correspondence Theory",
    author = "Lee, Shinsook  and
      Cho, Mi-Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1043",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12052",
    pages = "415--424",
}
@inproceedings{gonzalez-1996-spanish,
    title = "{S}panish Lexical Acquisition via Morpho-Semantic Constructive Derivational Morphology",
    author = "Gonz{\'a}lez, Margarita C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1044",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12053",
    pages = "425--437",
}
@inproceedings{yoon-1996-danger,
    title = "Danger of Partial Universality : In Two Uses of In-adverbials",
    author = "Yoon, Jae-Hak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1045",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12055",
    pages = "439--448",
}
@inproceedings{mcewen-1996-learning,
    title = "Learning to Speak Like Girls and Boys : A Developmental Study in Gender and Narrative Style",
    author = "McEwen, Shannon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1046",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12056",
    pages = "449--458",
}
@inproceedings{wee-1996-felicity,
    title = "Felicity Condition of {K}orean and {E}nglish Contrastive Topic",
    author = "Wee, Hae-Kyung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1047",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12057",
    pages = "459--468",
}
@inproceedings{lee-1996-irregular,
    title = "On the Irregular Verbs in {K}orean",
    author = "Lee, Sechang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1048",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12058",
    pages = "469--478",
}
@inproceedings{kang-1996-optimality,
    title = "An Optimality Theoretic Account of Nasal Assimilation in {E}nglish",
    author = "Kang, Seok-keun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1049",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12059",
    pages = "479--488",
}
@inproceedings{shin-1996-coronal,
    title = "Coronal Specification and Licensing in Place Assimilation",
    author = "Shin, Seung-Hoon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1050",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12060",
    pages = "489--500",
}
@inproceedings{de-wind-1996-attract,
    title = "Attract F, Accusative Case-checking and the Position of the Subject in {F}rench Stylistic Inversion with Causative and Perception Verbs",
    author = "de Wind, Maarten",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1051",
    doi = "http://hdl.handle.net/2065/12061",
    pages = "501--510",
}
@inproceedings{nn-1996-programme,
    title = "Programme Committee",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation",
    month = dec,
    year = "1996",
    address = "Seoul, Korea",
    publisher = "Kyung Hee University",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y96-1052",
}
@proceedings{acl-2001-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
}
@inproceedings{durbin-2001-invited,
    title = "Invited Talk: Interpreting the Human Genome Sequence, Using Stochastic Grammars",
    author = "Durbin, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1001",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073013",
    pages = "1--1",
}
@inproceedings{gauvain-etal-2001-invited,
    title = "Invited Talk: Processing Broadcast Audio for Information Access",
    author = "Gauvain, Jean-Luc  and
      Lamel, Lori  and
      Adda, Gilles  and
      Adda-Decker, Martine  and
      Barras, Claude  and
      Chen, Langzhou  and
      de Kercadio, Yannick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1002",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073014",
    pages = "2--9",
}
@inproceedings{amaya-benedi-2001-improvement,
    title = "Improvement of a Whole Sentence Maximum Entropy Language Model Using Grammatical Features",
    author = "Amaya, Fredy A.  and
      Bened{\'\i}, Jos{\'e} Miguel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1003",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073015",
    pages = "10--17",
}
@inproceedings{baldwin-2001-low,
    title = "Low-cost, High-performance Translation Retrieval: Dumber is Better",
    author = "Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1004",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073016",
    pages = "18--25",
}
@inproceedings{banko-brill-2001-scaling,
    title = "Scaling to Very Very Large Corpora for Natural Language Disambiguation",
    author = "Banko, Michele  and
      Brill, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1005",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073017",
    pages = "26--33",
}
@inproceedings{barbu-mitkov-2001-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation Tool for Rule-based Anaphora Resolution Methods",
    author = "Barbu, Catalina  and
      Mitkov, Ruslan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1006",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073018",
    pages = "34--41",
}
@inproceedings{barthelemy-etal-2001-guided,
    title = "Guided Parsing of Range Concatenation Languages",
    author = "Barth{\'e}lemy, Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Boullier, Pierre  and
      Deschamp, Philippe  and
      Villemonte de la Clergerie, {\'E}ric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1007",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073019",
    pages = "42--49",
}
@inproceedings{barzilay-mckeown-2001-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Paraphrases from a Parallel Corpus",
    author = "Barzilay, Regina  and
      McKeown, Kathleen R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1008",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073020",
    pages = "50--57",
}
@inproceedings{bierner-2001-alternative,
    title = "Alternative Phrases and Natural Language Information Retrieval",
    author = "Bierner, Gann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1009",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073021",
    pages = "58--65",
}
@inproceedings{bod-2001-minimal,
    title = "What is the Minimal Set of Fragments that Achieves Maximal Parse Accuracy?",
    author = "Bod, Rens",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1010",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073022",
    pages = "66--73",
}
@inproceedings{bodirsky-etal-2001-underspecified,
    title = "Underspecified Beta Reduction",
    author = "Bodirsky, Manuel  and
      Erk, Katrin  and
      Koller, Alexander  and
      Niehren, Joachim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1011",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073023",
    pages = "74--81",
}
@inproceedings{van-den-bosch-etal-2001-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Problematic Turns in Human-Machine Interactions: Rule-induction Versus Memory-based Learning Approaches",
    author = "van den Bosch, Antal  and
      Krahmer, Emiel  and
      Swerts, Marc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1012",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073024",
    pages = "82--89",
}
@inproceedings{brent-tao-2001-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Text Segmentation With {MBDP}-1: Making the Most of Training Corpora",
    author = "Brent, Michael R.  and
      Tao, Xiaopeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1013",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073025",
    pages = "90--97",
}
@inproceedings{burstein-etal-2001-towards,
    title = "Towards Automatic Classification of Discourse Elements in Essays",
    author = "Burstein, Jill  and
      Marcu, Daniel  and
      Andreyev, Slava  and
      Chodorow, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1014",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073026",
    pages = "98--105",
}
@inproceedings{cahill-etal-2001-rags,
    title = "From {RAGS} to {RICHES}: Exploiting the Potential of a Flexible Generation Architecture",
    author = "Cahill, Lynne  and
      Carroll, John  and
      Evans, Roger  and
      Paiva, Daniel  and
      Power, Richard  and
      Scott, Donia  and
      van Deemter, Kees",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1015",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073027",
    pages = "106--113",
}
@inproceedings{cassell-etal-2001-non,
    title = "Non-Verbal Cues for Discourse Structure",
    author = "Cassell, Justine  and
      Nakano, Yukiko  and
      Bickmore, Timothy W.  and
      Sidner, Candace L.  and
      Rich, Charles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1016",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073028",
    pages = "114--123",
}
@inproceedings{charniak-2001-immediate,
    title = "Immediate-Head Parsing for Language Models",
    author = "Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1017",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073029",
    pages = "124--131",
}
@inproceedings{chiang-2001-constraints,
    title = "Constraints on Strong Generative Power",
    author = "Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1018",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073030",
    pages = "132--139",
}
@inproceedings{copestake-etal-2001-algebra,
    title = "An Algebra for Semantic Construction in Constraint-based Grammars",
    author = "Copestake, Ann  and
      Lascarides, Alex  and
      Flickinger, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1019",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073031",
    pages = "140--147",
}
@inproceedings{corston-oliver-etal-2001-machine,
    title = "A Machine Learning Approach to the Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation",
    author = "Corston-Oliver, Simon  and
      Gamon, Michael  and
      Brockett, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1020",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073032",
    pages = "148--155",
}
@inproceedings{dikovsky-2001-grammars,
    title = "Grammars for Local and Long Dependencies",
    author = "Dikovsky, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1021",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073033",
    pages = "156--163",
}
@inproceedings{dowding-etal-2001-practical,
    title = "Practical Issues in Compiling Typed Unification Grammars for Speech Recognition",
    author = "Dowding, John  and
      Hockey, Beth Ann  and
      Gawron, Jean Mark  and
      Culy, Christopher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1022",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073034",
    pages = "164--171",
}
@inproceedings{duboue-mckeown-2001-empirically,
    title = "Empirically Estimating Order Constraints for Content Planning in Generation",
    author = "Duboue, Pablo A.  and
      McKeown, Kathleen R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1023",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073035",
    pages = "172--179",
}
@inproceedings{duchier-debusmann-2001-topological,
    title = "Topological Dependency Trees: A Constraint-Based Account of Linear Precedence",
    author = "Duchier, Denys  and
      Debusmann, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1024",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073036",
    pages = "180--187",
}
@inproceedings{evert-krenn-2001-methods,
    title = "Methods for the Qualitative Evaluation of Lexical Association Measures",
    author = "Evert, Stefan  and
      Krenn, Brigitte",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1025",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073037",
    pages = "188--195",
}
@inproceedings{fujii-ishikawa-2001-organizing,
    title = "Organizing Encyclopedic Knowledge based on the Web and its Application to Question Answering",
    author = "Fujii, Atsushi  and
      Ishikawa, Tetsuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1026",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073038",
    pages = "196--203",
}
@inproceedings{garcia-varea-etal-2001-refined,
    title = "Refined Lexicon Models for Statistical Machine Translation using a Maximum Entropy Approach",
    author = "Garc{\'\i}a-Varea, Ismael  and
      Och, Franz J.  and
      Ney, Hermann  and
      Casacuberta, Francisco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1027",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073039",
    pages = "204--211",
}
@inproceedings{gardent-thater-2001-generating,
    title = "Generating with a Grammar Based on Tree Descriptions: a Constraint-Based Approach",
    author = "Gardent, Claire  and
      Thater, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1028",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073040",
    pages = "212--219",
}
@inproceedings{gerdes-kahane-2001-word,
    title = "Word Order in {G}erman: A Formal Dependency Grammar Using a Topological Hierarchy",
    author = "Gerdes, Kim  and
      Kahane, Sylvain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1029",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073041",
    pages = "220--227",
}
@inproceedings{germann-etal-2001-fast,
    title = "Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation",
    author = "Germann, Ulrich  and
      Jahr, Michael  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Marcu, Daniel  and
      Yamada, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1030",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073042",
    pages = "228--235",
}
@inproceedings{ginzburg-cooper-2001-resolving,
    title = "Resolving Ellipsis in Clarification",
    author = "Ginzburg, Jonathan  and
      Cooper, Robin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1031",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073043",
    pages = "236--243",
}
@inproceedings{green-etal-2001-mapping,
    title = "Mapping Lexical Entries in a Verbs Database to {W}ord{N}et Senses",
    author = "Green, Rebecca  and
      Pearl, Lisa  and
      Dorr, Bonnie J.  and
      Resnik, Philip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1032",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073044",
    pages = "244--251",
}
@inproceedings{de-groote-2001-towards,
    title = "Towards Abstract Categorial Grammars",
    author = "de Groote, Philippe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1033",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073045",
    pages = "252--259",
}
@inproceedings{grover-lascarides-2001-xml,
    title = "{XML}-Based Data Preparation for Robust Deep Parsing",
    author = "Grover, Claire  and
      Lascarides, Alex",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1034",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073046",
    pages = "260--267",
}
@inproceedings{hajic-etal-2001-serial,
    title = "Serial Combination of Rules and Statistics: A Case Study in {C}zech Tagging",
    author = "Hajic, Jan  and
      Krbec, Pavel  and
      Kveton, Pavel  and
      Oliva, Karel  and
      Petkevic, Vladimir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1035",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073047",
    pages = "268--275",
}
@inproceedings{hajicova-sgall-2001-topic,
    title = "Topic-focus and Salience",
    author = "Hajicov{\'a}, Eva  and
      Sgall, Petr",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1036",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073048",
    pages = "276--281",
}
@inproceedings{harabagiu-etal-2001-role,
    title = "The Role of Lexico-Semantic Feedback in Open-Domain Textual Question-Answering",
    author = "Harabagiu, Sanda  and
      Moldovan, Dan  and
      Pasca, Marius  and
      Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Surdeanu, Mihai  and
      Bunsecu, Razvan  and
      Girju, Roxana  and
      Rus, Vasile  and
      Morarescu, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1037",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073049",
    pages = "282--289",
}
@inproceedings{hardt-rambow-2001-generation,
    title = "Generation of {VP} Ellipsis: A Corpus-Based Approach",
    author = "Hardt, Daniel  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1038",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073050",
    pages = "290--297",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2001-information,
    title = "Information Extraction from Voicemail",
    author = "Huang, Jing  and
      Zweig, Geoffrey  and
      Padmanabhan, Mukund",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1039",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073051",
    pages = "298--305",
}
@inproceedings{ide-romary-2001-common,
    title = "A Common Framework for Syntactic Annotation",
    author = "Ide, Nancy  and
      Romary, Laurent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1040",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073052",
    pages = "306--313",
}
@inproceedings{isozaki-2001-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese Named Entity Recognition based on a Simple Rule Generator and Decision Tree Learning",
    author = "Isozaki, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1041",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073053",
    pages = "314--321",
}
@inproceedings{johnson-2001-joint,
    title = "Joint and Conditional Estimation of Tagging and Parsing Models",
    author = "Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1042",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073054",
    pages = "322--329",
}
@inproceedings{kinyon-2001-language,
    title = "A Language Independent Shallow-Parser Compiler",
    author = "Kinyon, Alexandra",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1043",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073055",
    pages = "330--337",
}
@inproceedings{klein-manning-2001-parsing,
    title = "Parsing with Treebank Grammars: Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Structure of the {P}enn Treebank",
    author = "Klein, Dan  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1044",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073056",
    pages = "338--345",
}
@inproceedings{kubler-hinrichs-2001-chunks,
    title = "From Chunks to Function-Argument Structure: A Similarity-Based Approach",
    author = {K{\"u}bler, Sandra  and
      Hinrichs, Erhard W.},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1045",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073057",
    pages = "346--353",
}
@inproceedings{lapata-etal-2001-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Smoothing Algorithms against Plausibility Judgements",
    author = "Lapata, Maria  and
      Keller, Frank  and
      McDonald, Scott",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1046",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073058",
    pages = "354--361",
}
@inproceedings{lecomte-retore-2001-extending,
    title = "Extending Lambek Grammars: a Logical Account of Minimalist Grammars",
    author = "Lecomte, Alain  and
      Retor{\'e}, Christian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1047",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073059",
    pages = "362--369",
}
@inproceedings{litman-etal-2001-predicting,
    title = "Predicting User Reactions to System Error",
    author = "Litman, Diane  and
      Hirschberg, Julia  and
      Swerts, Marc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1048",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073060",
    pages = "370--377",
}
@inproceedings{liu-chua-2001-building,
    title = "Building Semantic Perceptron Net for Topic Spotting",
    author = "Liu, Jimin  and
      Chua, Tat-Seng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1049",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073061",
    pages = "378--385",
}
@inproceedings{marcu-2001-towards,
    title = "Towards a Unified Approach to Memory- and Statistical-Based Machine Translation",
    author = "Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1050",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073062",
    pages = "386--393",
}
@inproceedings{michaud-mccoy-2001-error,
    title = "Error Profiling: Toward a Model of {E}nglish Acquisition for Deaf Learners",
    author = "Michaud, Lisa N.  and
      McCoy, Kathleen F.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1051",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073063",
    pages = "394--401",
}
@inproceedings{moldovan-rus-2001-logic,
    title = "Logic Form Transformation of {W}ord{N}et and its Applicability to Question Answering",
    author = "Moldovan, Dan  and
      Rus, Vasile",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1052",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073064",
    pages = "402--409",
}
@inproceedings{muller-2001-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection of Syllable Boundaries Combining the Advantages of Treebank and Bracketed Corpora Training",
    author = {M{\"u}ller, Karin},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1053",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073065",
    pages = "410--417",
}
@inproceedings{penn-2001-tractability,
    title = "Tractability and Structural Closures in Attribute Logic Type Signatures",
    author = "Penn, Gerald",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1054",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073066",
    pages = "418--425",
}
@inproceedings{petasis-etal-2001-using,
    title = "Using Machine Learning to Maintain Rule-based Named-Entity Recognition and Classification Systems",
    author = "Petasis, Georgios  and
      Vichot, Frantz  and
      Wolinski, Francis  and
      Paliouras, Georgios  and
      Karkaletsis, Vangelis  and
      Spyropoulos, Constantine D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1055",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073067",
    pages = "426--433",
}
@inproceedings{rambow-etal-2001-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating a Trainable Sentence Planner for a Spoken Dialogue System",
    author = "Rambow, Owen  and
      Rogati, Monica  and
      Walker, Marilyn A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1056",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073068",
    pages = "434--441",
}
@inproceedings{reiter-etal-2001-using,
    title = "Using a Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate an {NLG} System",
    author = "Reiter, Ehud  and
      Robertson, Roma  and
      Lennox, A. Scott  and
      Osman, Liesl",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1057",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073069",
    pages = "442--449",
}
@inproceedings{santos-rocha-2001-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating {CETEMP}{\'u}blico, a Free Resource for {P}ortuguese",
    author = "Santos, Diana  and
      Rocha, Paulo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1058",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073070",
    pages = "450--457",
}
@inproceedings{schiffman-etal-2001-producing,
    title = "Producing Biographical Summaries: Combining Linguistic Knowledge with Corpus Statistics",
    author = "Schiffman, Barry  and
      Mani, Inderjeet  and
      Concepcion, Kristian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1059",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073071",
    pages = "458--465",
}
@inproceedings{schmid-rooth-2001-parse,
    title = "Parse Forest Computation of Expected Governors",
    author = "Schmid, Helmut  and
      Rooth, Mats",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1060",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073072",
    pages = "466--473",
}
@inproceedings{schuler-2001-computational,
    title = "Computational Properties of Environment-based Disambiguation",
    author = "Schuler, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1061",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073073",
    pages = "474--481",
}
@inproceedings{sgarbas-etal-2001-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Construction of Compact Acyclic {NFA}s",
    author = "Sgarbas, Kyriakos N.  and
      Fakotakis, Nikos D.  and
      Kokkinakis, George K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1062",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073074",
    pages = "482--489",
}
@inproceedings{snover-brent-2001-bayesian,
    title = "A {B}ayesian Model For Morpheme and Paradigm Identification",
    author = "Snover, Matthew G.  and
      Brent, Michael R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1063",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073075",
    pages = "490--498",
}
@inproceedings{utiyama-isahara-2001-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical Model for Domain-Independent Text Segmentation",
    author = "Utiyama, Masao  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1064",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073076",
    pages = "499--506",
}
@inproceedings{lohuizen-2001-generic,
    title = "A Generic Approach to Parallel Chart Parsing with an Application to {L}in{GO}",
    author = "Lohuizen, Marcel P. Van",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1065",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073077",
    pages = "507--514",
}
@inproceedings{walker-etal-2001-quantitative,
    title = "Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Darpa Communicator Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Walker, Marilyn A.  and
      Passonneau, Rebecca  and
      Boland, Julie E.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1066",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073078",
    pages = "515--522",
}
@inproceedings{yamada-knight-2001-syntax,
    title = "A Syntax-based Statistical Translation Model",
    author = "Yamada, Kenji  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1067",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073079",
    pages = "523--530",
}
@inproceedings{yamamoto-etal-2001-multi,
    title = "Multi-Class Composite N-gram Language Model for Spoken Language Processing Using Multiple Word Clusters",
    author = "Yamamoto, Hirofumi  and
      Isogai, Shuntaro  and
      Sagisaka, Yoshinori",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1068",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073080",
    pages = "531--538",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2001-text,
    title = "Text Chunking using Regularized Winnow",
    author = "Zhang, Tong  and
      Damerau, Fred  and
      Johnson, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1069",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073081",
    pages = "539--546",
}
@inproceedings{zukerman-horvitz-2001-using,
    title = "Using Machine Learning Techniques to Interpret {WH}-questions",
    author = "Zukerman, Ingrid  and
      Horvitz, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2001",
    address = "Toulouse, France",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P01-1070",
    doi = "10.3115/1073012.1073082",
    pages = "547--554",
}
@proceedings{acl-2015-association,
    title = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    author = "Zong, Chengqing  and
      Strube, Michael",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1",
}
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    title = "On Using Very Large Target Vocabulary for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Jean, S{\'e}bastien  and
      Cho, Kyunghyun  and
      Memisevic, Roland  and
      Bengio, Yoshua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1001",
    pages = "1--10",
}
@inproceedings{luong-etal-2015-addressing,
    title = "Addressing the Rare Word Problem in Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Luong, Thang  and
      Sutskever, Ilya  and
      Le, Quoc  and
      Vinyals, Oriol  and
      Zaremba, Wojciech",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1002",
    pages = "11--19",
}
@inproceedings{meng-etal-2015-encoding,
    title = "Encoding Source Language with Convolutional Neural Network for Machine Translation",
    author = "Meng, Fandong  and
      Lu, Zhengdong  and
      Wang, Mingxuan  and
      Li, Hang  and
      Jiang, Wenbin  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1003",
    pages = "20--30",
}
@inproceedings{setiawan-etal-2015-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Machine Translation Features with Multitask Tensor Networks",
    author = "Setiawan, Hendra  and
      Huang, Zhongqiang  and
      Devlin, Jacob  and
      Lamar, Thomas  and
      Zbib, Rabih  and
      Schwartz, Richard  and
      Makhoul, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1004",
    pages = "31--41",
}
@inproceedings{elliott-de-vries-2015-describing,
    title = "Describing Images using Inferred Visual Dependency Representations",
    author = "Elliott, Desmond  and
      de Vries, Arjen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1005",
    pages = "42--52",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2015-text,
    title = "Text to 3{D} Scene Generation with Rich Lexical Grounding",
    author = "Chang, Angel  and
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      Potts, Christopher  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1006",
    pages = "53--62",
}
@inproceedings{yin-schutze-2015-multigrancnn,
    title = "{M}ulti{G}ran{CNN}: An Architecture for General Matching of Text Chunks on Multiple Levels of Granularity",
    author = {Yin, Wenpeng  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1007",
    pages = "63--73",
}
@inproceedings{ramesh-etal-2015-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised Models of Aspect-Sentiment for Online Course Discussion Forums",
    author = "Ramesh, Arti  and
      H. Kumar, Shachi  and
      Foulds, James  and
      Getoor, Lise",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1008",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1008",
    pages = "74--83",
}
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    title = "Semantically Smooth Knowledge Graph Embedding",
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      Wang, Quan  and
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      Wang, Lihong  and
      Guo, Li",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1009",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1009",
    pages = "84--94",
}
@inproceedings{iacobacci-etal-2015-sensembed,
    title = "{S}ens{E}mbed: Learning Sense Embeddings for Word and Relational Similarity",
    author = "Iacobacci, Ignacio  and
      Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1010",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1010",
    pages = "95--105",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-revisiting,
    title = "Revisiting Word Embedding for Contrasting Meaning",
    author = "Chen, Zhigang  and
      Lin, Wei  and
      Chen, Qian  and
      Chen, Xiaoping  and
      Wei, Si  and
      Jiang, Hui  and
      Zhu, Xiaodan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1011",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1011",
    pages = "106--115",
}
@inproceedings{sridhar-etal-2015-joint,
    title = "Joint Models of Disagreement and Stance in Online Debate",
    author = "Sridhar, Dhanya  and
      Foulds, James  and
      Huang, Bert  and
      Getoor, Lise  and
      Walker, Marilyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1012",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1012",
    pages = "116--125",
}
@inproceedings{primadhanty-etal-2015-low,
    title = "Low-Rank Regularization for Sparse Conjunctive Feature Spaces: An Application to Named Entity Classification",
    author = "Primadhanty, Audi  and
      Carreras, Xavier  and
      Quattoni, Ariadna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1013",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1013",
    pages = "126--135",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Word Representations by Jointly Modeling Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relations",
    author = "Sun, Fei  and
      Guo, Jiafeng  and
      Lan, Yanyan  and
      Xu, Jun  and
      Cheng, Xueqi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1014",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1014",
    pages = "136--145",
}
@inproceedings{strubell-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Dynamic Feature Selection for Fast Sequential Prediction",
    author = "Strubell, Emma  and
      Vilnis, Luke  and
      Silverstein, Kate  and
      McCallum, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1015",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1015",
    pages = "146--155",
}
@inproceedings{neelakantan-etal-2015-compositional,
    title = "Compositional Vector Space Models for Knowledge Base Completion",
    author = "Neelakantan, Arvind  and
      Roth, Benjamin  and
      McCallum, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1016",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1016",
    pages = "156--166",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-event,
    title = "Event Extraction via Dynamic Multi-Pooling Convolutional Neural Networks",
    author = "Chen, Yubo  and
      Xu, Liheng  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Zeng, Daojian  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1017",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1017",
    pages = "167--176",
}
@inproceedings{viswanathan-etal-2015-stacked,
    title = "Stacked Ensembles of Information Extractors for Knowledge-Base Population",
    author = "Viswanathan, Vidhoon  and
      Rajani, Nazneen Fatema  and
      Bentor, Yinon  and
      Mooney, Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1018",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1018",
    pages = "177--187",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2015-generative,
    title = "Generative Event Schema Induction with Entity Disambiguation",
    author = "Nguyen, Kiem-Hieu  and
      Tannier, Xavier  and
      Ferret, Olivier  and
      Besan{\c{c}}on, Romaric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1019",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1019",
    pages = "188--197",
}
@inproceedings{oda-etal-2015-syntax,
    title = "Syntax-based Simultaneous Translation through Prediction of Unseen Syntactic Constituents",
    author = "Oda, Yusuke  and
      Neubig, Graham  and
      Sakti, Sakriani  and
      Toda, Tomoki  and
      Nakamura, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1020",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1020",
    pages = "198--207",
}
@inproceedings{nakagawa-2015-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Top-Down {BTG} Parsing for Machine Translation Preordering",
    author = "Nakagawa, Tetsuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1021",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1021",
    pages = "208--218",
}
@inproceedings{c-de-souza-etal-2015-online,
    title = "Online Multitask Learning for Machine Translation Quality Estimation",
    author = "C. de Souza, Jos{\'e} G.  and
      Negri, Matteo  and
      Ricci, Elisa  and
      Turchi, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1022",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1022",
    pages = "219--228",
}
@inproceedings{su-etal-2015-context,
    title = "A Context-Aware Topic Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Su, Jinsong  and
      Xiong, Deyi  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Han, Xianpei  and
      Lin, Hongyu  and
      Yao, Junfeng  and
      Zhang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1023",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1023",
    pages = "229--238",
}
@inproceedings{sachan-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Answer-Entailing Structures for Machine Comprehension",
    author = "Sachan, Mrinmaya  and
      Dubey, Kumar  and
      Xing, Eric  and
      Richardson, Matthew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1024",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1024",
    pages = "239--249",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Continuous Word Embedding with Metadata for Question Retrieval in Community Question Answering",
    author = "Zhou, Guangyou  and
      He, Tingting  and
      Zhao, Jun  and
      Hu, Po",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1025",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1025",
    pages = "250--259",
}
@inproceedings{dong-etal-2015-question,
    title = "Question Answering over {F}reebase with Multi-Column Convolutional Neural Networks",
    author = "Dong, Li  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Xu, Ke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1026",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1026",
    pages = "260--269",
}
@inproceedings{lazaridou-etal-2015-hubness,
    title = "Hubness and Pollution: Delving into Cross-Space Mapping for Zero-Shot Learning",
    author = "Lazaridou, Angeliki  and
      Dinu, Georgiana  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1027",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1027",
    pages = "270--280",
}
@inproceedings{bride-etal-2015-generalisation,
    title = "A Generalisation of Lexical Functions for Composition in Distributional Semantics",
    author = "Bride, Antoine  and
      Van de Cruys, Tim  and
      Asher, Nicholas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1028",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1028",
    pages = "281--291",
}
@inproceedings{kennington-schlangen-2015-simple,
    title = "Simple Learning and Compositional Application of Perceptually Grounded Word Meanings for Incremental Reference Resolution",
    author = "Kennington, Casey  and
      Schlangen, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1029",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1029",
    pages = "292--301",
}
@inproceedings{durrett-klein-2015-neural,
    title = "Neural {CRF} Parsing",
    author = "Durrett, Greg  and
      Klein, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1030",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1030",
    pages = "302--312",
}
@inproceedings{pei-etal-2015-effective,
    title = "An Effective Neural Network Model for Graph-based Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Pei, Wenzhe  and
      Ge, Tao  and
      Chang, Baobao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1031",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1031",
    pages = "313--322",
}
@inproceedings{weiss-etal-2015-structured,
    title = "Structured Training for Neural Network Transition-Based Parsing",
    author = "Weiss, David  and
      Alberti, Chris  and
      Collins, Michael  and
      Petrov, Slav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1032",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1032",
    pages = "323--333",
}
@inproceedings{dyer-etal-2015-transition,
    title = "Transition-Based Dependency Parsing with Stack Long Short-Term Memory",
    author = "Dyer, Chris  and
      Ballesteros, Miguel  and
      Ling, Wang  and
      Matthews, Austin  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1033",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1033",
    pages = "334--343",
}
@inproceedings{angeli-etal-2015-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Linguistic Structure For Open Domain Information Extraction",
    author = "Angeli, Gabor  and
      Johnson Premkumar, Melvin Jose  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1034",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1034",
    pages = "344--354",
}
@inproceedings{wang-cohen-2015-joint,
    title = "Joint Information Extraction and Reasoning: A Scalable Statistical Relational Learning Approach",
    author = "Wang, William Yang  and
      Cohen, William W.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1035",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1035",
    pages = "355--364",
}
@inproceedings{nakashole-mitchell-2015-knowledge,
    title = "A Knowledge-Intensive Model for Prepositional Phrase Attachment",
    author = "Nakashole, Ndapandula  and
      Mitchell, Tom M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1036",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1036",
    pages = "365--375",
}
@inproceedings{tkachenko-lauw-2015-convolution,
    title = "A Convolution Kernel Approach to Identifying Comparisons in Text",
    author = "Tkachenko, Maksim  and
      Lauw, Hady",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1037",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1037",
    pages = "376--386",
}
@inproceedings{choi-etal-2015-depends,
    title = "It Depends: Dependency Parser Comparison Using A Web-based Evaluation Tool",
    author = "Choi, Jinho D.  and
      Tetreault, Joel  and
      Stent, Amanda",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1038",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1038",
    pages = "387--396",
}
@inproceedings{akbik-etal-2015-generating,
    title = "Generating High Quality Proposition {B}anks for Multilingual Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Akbik, Alan  and
      Chiticariu, Laura  and
      Danilevsky, Marina  and
      Li, Yunyao  and
      Vaithyanathan, Shivakumar  and
      Zhu, Huaiyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1039",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1039",
    pages = "397--407",
}
@inproceedings{almeida-etal-2015-aligning,
    title = "Aligning Opinions: Cross-Lingual Opinion Mining with Dependencies",
    author = "Almeida, Mariana S. C.  and
      Pinto, Cl{\'a}udia  and
      Figueira, Helena  and
      Mendes, Pedro  and
      Martins, Andr{\'e} F. T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1040",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1040",
    pages = "408--418",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning to Adapt Credible Knowledge in Cross-lingual Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Chen, Qiang  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Lei, Yu  and
      Liu, Xule  and
      He, Yanxiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1041",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1041",
    pages = "419--429",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2015-learning-bilingual,
    title = "Learning Bilingual Sentiment Word Embeddings for Cross-language Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Zhou, HuiWei  and
      Chen, Long  and
      Shi, Fulin  and
      Huang, Degen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1042",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1042",
    pages = "430--440",
}
@inproceedings{jha-etal-2015-content,
    title = "Content Models for Survey Generation: A Factoid-Based Evaluation",
    author = "Jha, Rahul  and
      Finegan-Dollak, Catherine  and
      King, Ben  and
      Coke, Reed  and
      Radev, Dragomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1043",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1043",
    pages = "441--450",
}
@inproceedings{dusek-jurcicek-2015-training,
    title = "Training a Natural Language Generator From Unaligned Data",
    author = "Du{\v{s}}ek, Ond{\v{r}}ej  and
      Jur{\v{c}}{\'\i}{\v{c}}ek, Filip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1044",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1044",
    pages = "451--461",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2015-event,
    title = "Event-Driven Headline Generation",
    author = "Sun, Rui  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Zhang, Meishan  and
      Ji, Donghong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1045",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1045",
    pages = "462--472",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2015-new,
    title = "New Transfer Learning Techniques for Disparate Label Sets",
    author = "Kim, Young-Bum  and
      Stratos, Karl  and
      Sarikaya, Ruhi  and
      Jeong, Minwoo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1046",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1046",
    pages = "473--482",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-matrix,
    title = "Matrix Factorization with Knowledge Graph Propagation for Unsupervised Spoken Language Understanding",
    author = "Chen, Yun-Nung  and
      Wang, William Yang  and
      Gershman, Anatole  and
      Rudnicky, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1047",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1047",
    pages = "483--494",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2015-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Disfluency Detection with Transition-based Parsing",
    author = "Wu, Shuangzhi  and
      Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1048",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1048",
    pages = "495--503",
}
@inproceedings{yang-chang-2015-mart,
    title = "S-{MART}: Novel Tree-based Structured Learning Algorithms Applied to Tweet Entity Linking",
    author = "Yang, Yi  and
      Chang, Ming-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1049",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1049",
    pages = "504--513",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2015-entity,
    title = "Entity Retrieval via Entity Factoid Hierarchy",
    author = "Lu, Chunliang  and
      Lam, Wai  and
      Liao, Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1050",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1050",
    pages = "514--523",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2015-encoding,
    title = "Encoding Distributional Semantics into Triple-Based Knowledge Ranking for Document Enrichment",
    author = "Zhang, Muyu  and
      Qin, Bing  and
      Zheng, Mao  and
      Hirst, Graeme  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1051",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1051",
    pages = "524--533",
}
@inproceedings{stevens-etal-2015-strategic,
    title = "A Strategic Reasoning Model for Generating Alternative Answers",
    author = "Stevens, Jon  and
      Benz, Anton  and
      Reu{\ss}e, Sebastian  and
      Klabunde, Ralf",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1052",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1052",
    pages = "534--542",
}
@inproceedings{persing-ng-2015-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Argument Strength in Student Essays",
    author = "Persing, Isaac  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1053",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1053",
    pages = "543--552",
}
@inproceedings{bairi-etal-2015-summarization,
    title = "Summarization of Multi-Document Topic Hierarchies using Submodular Mixtures",
    author = "Bairi, Ramakrishna  and
      Iyer, Rishabh  and
      Ramakrishnan, Ganesh  and
      Bilmes, Jeff",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1054",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1054",
    pages = "553--563",
}
@inproceedings{voskarides-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning to Explain Entity Relationships in Knowledge Graphs",
    author = "Voskarides, Nikos  and
      Meij, Edgar  and
      Tsagkias, Manos  and
      de Rijke, Maarten  and
      Weerkamp, Wouter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1055",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1055",
    pages = "564--574",
}
@inproceedings{ge-etal-2015-bring,
    title = "Bring you to the past: Automatic Generation of Topically Relevant Event Chronicles",
    author = "Ge, Tao  and
      Pei, Wenzhe  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Chang, Baobao  and
      Sui, Zhifang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1056",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1056",
    pages = "575--585",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2015-context,
    title = "Context-aware Entity Morph Decoding",
    author = "Zhang, Boliang  and
      Huang, Hongzhao  and
      Pan, Xiaoman  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Wen, Zhen  and
      Sun, Yizhou  and
      Han, Jiawei  and
      Yener, Bulent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1057",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1057",
    pages = "586--595",
}
@inproceedings{weissenborn-etal-2015-multi,
    title = "Multi-Objective Optimization for the Joint Disambiguation of Nouns and Named Entities",
    author = "Weissenborn, Dirk  and
      Hennig, Leonhard  and
      Xu, Feiyu  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1058",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1058",
    pages = "596--605",
}
@inproceedings{adar-datta-2015-building,
    title = "Building a Scientific Concept Hierarchy Database ({SCHB}ase)",
    author = "Adar, Eytan  and
      Datta, Srayan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1059",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1059",
    pages = "606--615",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment-Aspect Extraction based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines",
    author = "Wang, Linlin  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Cao, Zhu  and
      Zhao, Jun  and
      de Melo, Gerard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1060",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1060",
    pages = "616--625",
}
@inproceedings{dos-santos-etal-2015-classifying,
    title = "Classifying Relations by Ranking with Convolutional Neural Networks",
    author = "dos Santos, C{\'\i}cero  and
      Xiang, Bing  and
      Zhou, Bowen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1061",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1061",
    pages = "626--634",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2015-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Representations for Domain Adaptation: A Case Study on the Tree Kernel-based Method for Relation Extraction",
    author = "Nguyen, Thien Huu  and
      Plank, Barbara  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1062",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1062",
    pages = "635--644",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2015-omnia,
    title = "Omnia Mutantur, Nihil Interit: Connecting Past with Present by Finding Corresponding Terms across Time",
    author = "Zhang, Yating  and
      Jatowt, Adam  and
      Bhowmick, Sourav  and
      Tanaka, Katsumi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1063",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1063",
    pages = "645--655",
}
@inproceedings{zou-etal-2015-negation,
    title = "Negation and Speculation Identification in {C}hinese Language",
    author = "Zou, Bowei  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1064",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1064",
    pages = "656--665",
}
@inproceedings{lao-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Relational Features with Backward Random Walks",
    author = "Lao, Ni  and
      Minkov, Einat  and
      Cohen, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1065",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1065",
    pages = "666--675",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning the Semantics of Manipulation Action",
    author = {Yang, Yezhou  and
      Aloimonos, Yiannis  and
      Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia  and
      Aksoy, Eren Erdal},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1066",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1066",
    pages = "676--686",
}
@inproceedings{ji-etal-2015-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge Graph Embedding via Dynamic Mapping Matrix",
    author = "Ji, Guoliang  and
      He, Shizhu  and
      Xu, Liheng  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      Zhao, Jun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1067",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1067",
    pages = "687--696",
}
@inproceedings{bryant-ng-2015-far,
    title = "How Far are We from Fully Automatic High Quality Grammatical Error Correction?",
    author = "Bryant, Christopher  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1068",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1068",
    pages = "697--707",
}
@inproceedings{arcan-etal-2015-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge Portability with Semantic Expansion of Ontology Labels",
    author = "Arcan, Mihael  and
      Turchi, Marco  and
      Buitelaar, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1069",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1069",
    pages = "708--718",
}
@inproceedings{miller-gurevych-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic disambiguation of {E}nglish puns",
    author = "Miller, Tristan  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1070",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1070",
    pages = "719--729",
}
@inproceedings{bollegala-etal-2015-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Cross-Domain Word Representation Learning",
    author = "Bollegala, Danushka  and
      Maehara, Takanori  and
      Kawarabayashi, Ken-ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1071",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1071",
    pages = "730--740",
}
@inproceedings{camacho-collados-etal-2015-unified,
    title = "A Unified Multilingual Semantic Representation of Concepts",
    author = "Camacho-Collados, Jos{\'e}  and
      Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1072",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1072",
    pages = "741--751",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-2015-demographic,
    title = "Demographic Factors Improve Classification Performance",
    author = "Hovy, Dirk",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1073",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1073",
    pages = "752--762",
}
@inproceedings{sayeed-etal-2015-vector,
    title = "Vector-space calculation of semantic surprisal for predicting word pronunciation duration",
    author = "Sayeed, Asad  and
      Fischer, Stefan  and
      Demberg, Vera",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1074",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1074",
    pages = "763--773",
}
@inproceedings{downey-etal-2015-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Methods for Inferring Large Sparse Topic Hierarchies",
    author = "Downey, Doug  and
      Bhagavatula, Chandra  and
      Yang, Yi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1075",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1075",
    pages = "774--784",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-trans,
    title = "Trans-dimensional Random Fields for Language Modeling",
    author = "Wang, Bin  and
      Ou, Zhijian  and
      Tan, Zhiqiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1076",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1076",
    pages = "785--794",
}
@inproceedings{das-etal-2015-gaussian,
    title = "{G}aussian {LDA} for Topic Models with Word Embeddings",
    author = "Das, Rajarshi  and
      Zaheer, Manzil  and
      Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1077",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1077",
    pages = "795--804",
}
@inproceedings{guzman-etal-2015-pairwise,
    title = "Pairwise Neural Machine Translation Evaluation",
    author = "Guzm{\'a}n, Francisco  and
      Joty, Shafiq  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Nakov, Preslav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1078",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1078",
    pages = "805--814",
}
@inproceedings{seemann-etal-2015-string,
    title = "String-to-Tree Multi Bottom-up Tree Transducers",
    author = "Seemann, Nina  and
      Braune, Fabienne  and
      Maletti, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1079",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1079",
    pages = "815--824",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2015-non,
    title = "Non-linear Learning for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Huang, Shujian  and
      Chen, Huadong  and
      Dai, Xin-Yu  and
      Chen, Jiajun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1080",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1080",
    pages = "825--835",
}
@inproceedings{dou-etal-2015-unifying,
    title = "Unifying {B}ayesian Inference and Vector Space Models for Improved Decipherment",
    author = "Dou, Qing  and
      Vaswani, Ashish  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1081",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1081",
    pages = "836--845",
}
@inproceedings{miceli-barone-attardi-2015-non,
    title = "Non-projective Dependency-based Pre-Reordering with Recurrent Neural Network for Machine Translation",
    author = "Miceli-Barone, Antonio Valerio  and
      Attardi, Giuseppe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1082",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1082",
    pages = "846--856",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2015-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Deceptive Groups Using Conversations and Network Analysis",
    author = "Yu, Dian  and
      Tyshchuk, Yulia  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Wallace, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1083",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1083",
    pages = "857--866",
}
@inproceedings{banerjee-mitra-2015-wikikreator,
    title = "{W}iki{K}reator: Improving {W}ikipedia Stubs Automatically",
    author = "Banerjee, Siddhartha  and
      Mitra, Prasenjit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1084",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1084",
    pages = "867--877",
}
@inproceedings{quirk-etal-2015-language,
    title = "Language to Code: Learning Semantic Parsers for If-This-Then-That Recipes",
    author = "Quirk, Chris  and
      Mooney, Raymond  and
      Galley, Michel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1085",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1085",
    pages = "878--888",
}
@inproceedings{labutov-etal-2015-deep,
    title = "Deep Questions without Deep Understanding",
    author = "Labutov, Igor  and
      Basu, Sumit  and
      Vanderwende, Lucy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1086",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1086",
    pages = "889--898",
}
@inproceedings{vo-etal-2015-nl2kr,
    title = "The {NL}2{KR} Platform for building Natural Language Translation Systems",
    author = "Vo, Nguyen  and
      Mitra, Arindam  and
      Baral, Chitta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1087",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1087",
    pages = "899--908",
}
@inproceedings{eger-2015-multiple,
    title = "Multiple Many-to-Many Sequence Alignment for Combining String-Valued Variables: A {G}2{P} Experiment",
    author = "Eger, Steffen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1088",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1088",
    pages = "909--919",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2015-tweet,
    title = "Tweet Normalization with Syllables",
    author = "Xu, Ke  and
      Xia, Yunqing  and
      Lee, Chin-Hui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1089",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1089",
    pages = "920--928",
}
@inproceedings{li-liu-2015-improving,
    title = "Improving Named Entity Recognition in Tweets via Detecting Non-Standard Words",
    author = "Li, Chen  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1090",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1090",
    pages = "929--938",
}
@inproceedings{gleize-grau-2015-unified,
    title = "A Unified Kernel Approach for Learning Typed Sentence Rewritings",
    author = "Gleize, Martin  and
      Grau, Brigitte",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1091",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1091",
    pages = "939--949",
}
@inproceedings{shutova-etal-2015-perceptually,
    title = "Perceptually Grounded Selectional Preferences",
    author = "Shutova, Ekaterina  and
      Tandon, Niket  and
      de Melo, Gerard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1092",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1092",
    pages = "950--960",
}
@inproceedings{ouchi-etal-2015-joint,
    title = "Joint Case Argument Identification for {J}apanese Predicate Argument Structure Analysis",
    author = "Ouchi, Hiroki  and
      Shindo, Hiroyuki  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1093",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1093",
    pages = "961--970",
}
@inproceedings{pham-etal-2015-jointly,
    title = "Jointly optimizing word representations for lexical and sentential tasks with the C-{PHRASE} model",
    author = "Pham, Nghia The  and
      Kruszewski, Germ{\'a}n  and
      Lazaridou, Angeliki  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1094",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1094",
    pages = "971--981",
}
@inproceedings{werling-etal-2015-robust,
    title = "Robust Subgraph Generation Improves Abstract Meaning Representation Parsing",
    author = "Werling, Keenon  and
      Angeli, Gabor  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1095",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1095",
    pages = "982--991",
}
@inproceedings{misra-etal-2015-environment,
    title = "Environment-Driven Lexicon Induction for High-Level Instructions",
    author = "Misra, Dipendra Kumar  and
      Tao, Kejia  and
      Liang, Percy  and
      Saxena, Ashutosh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1096",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1096",
    pages = "992--1002",
}
@inproceedings{filice-etal-2015-structural,
    title = "Structural Representations for Learning Relations between Pairs of Texts",
    author = "Filice, Simone  and
      Da San Martino, Giovanni  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1097",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1097",
    pages = "1003--1013",
}
@inproceedings{tang-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Semantic Representations of Users and Products for Document Level Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Tang, Duyu  and
      Qin, Bing  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1098",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1098",
    pages = "1014--1023",
}
@inproceedings{schneider-dragut-2015-towards,
    title = "Towards Debugging Sentiment Lexicons",
    author = "Schneider, Andrew  and
      Dragut, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1099",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1099",
    pages = "1024--1034",
}
@inproceedings{wallace-etal-2015-sparse,
    title = "Sparse, Contextually Informed Models for Irony Detection: Exploiting User Communities, Entities and Sentiment",
    author = "Wallace, Byron C.  and
      Choe, Do Kook  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1100",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1100",
    pages = "1035--1044",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2015-sentence,
    title = "Sentence-level Emotion Classification with Label and Context Dependence",
    author = "Li, Shoushan  and
      Huang, Lei  and
      Wang, Rong  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1101",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1101",
    pages = "1045--1053",
}
@inproceedings{xia-etal-2015-co,
    title = "Co-training for Semi-supervised Sentiment Classification Based on Dual-view Bags-of-words Representation",
    author = "Xia, Rui  and
      Wang, Cheng  and
      Dai, Xin-Yu  and
      Li, Tao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1102",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1102",
    pages = "1054--1063",
}
@inproceedings{langlet-clavel-2015-improving,
    title = "Improving social relationships in face-to-face human-agent interactions: when the agent wants to know user{'}s likes and dislikes",
    author = "Langlet, Caroline  and
      Clavel, Chlo{\'e}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1103",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1103",
    pages = "1064--1073",
}
@inproceedings{astudillo-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Word Representations from Scarce and Noisy Data with Embedding Subspaces",
    author = "Astudillo, Ramon  and
      Amir, Silvio  and
      Ling, Wang  and
      Silva, M{\'a}rio  and
      Trancoso, Isabel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1104",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1104",
    pages = "1074--1084",
}
@inproceedings{shashidhar-etal-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Spontaneous Speech Grading: A Novel Feature Derivation Technique using the Crowd",
    author = "Shashidhar, Vinay  and
      Pandey, Nishant  and
      Aggarwal, Varun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1105",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1105",
    pages = "1085--1094",
}
@inproceedings{jalalvand-etal-2015-driving,
    title = "Driving {ROVER} with Segment-based {ASR} Quality Estimation",
    author = "Jalalvand, Shahab  and
      Negri, Matteo  and
      Falavigna, Daniele  and
      Turchi, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1106",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1106",
    pages = "1095--1105",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2015-hierarchical,
    title = "A Hierarchical Neural Autoencoder for Paragraphs and Documents",
    author = "Li, Jiwei  and
      Luong, Thang  and
      Jurafsky, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1107",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1107",
    pages = "1106--1115",
}
@inproceedings{nasr-etal-2015-joint,
    title = "Joint Dependency Parsing and Multiword Expression Tokenization",
    author = "Nasr, Alexis  and
      Ramisch, Carlos  and
      Deulofeu, Jos{\'e}  and
      Valli, Andr{\'e}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1108",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1108",
    pages = "1116--1126",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-xu-2015-end,
    title = "End-to-end learning of semantic role labeling using recurrent neural networks",
    author = "Zhou, Jie  and
      Xu, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1109",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1109",
    pages = "1127--1137",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-feature,
    title = "Feature Optimization for Constituent Parsing via Neural Networks",
    author = "Wang, Zhiguo  and
      Mi, Haitao  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1110",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1110",
    pages = "1138--1147",
}
@inproceedings{ng-curran-2015-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Cascading Errors using Constraints in Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Ng, Dominick  and
      Curran, James R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1111",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1111",
    pages = "1148--1158",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2015-ranking,
    title = "A Re-ranking Model for Dependency Parser with Recursive Convolutional Neural Network",
    author = "Zhu, Chenxi  and
      Qiu, Xipeng  and
      Chen, Xinchi  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1112",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1112",
    pages = "1159--1168",
}
@inproceedings{watanabe-sumita-2015-transition,
    title = "Transition-based Neural Constituent Parsing",
    author = "Watanabe, Taro  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1113",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1113",
    pages = "1169--1179",
}
@inproceedings{qian-liu-2015-feature,
    title = "Feature Selection in Kernel Space: A Case Study on Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Qian, Xian  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1114",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1114",
    pages = "1180--1190",
}
@inproceedings{konstas-keller-2015-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Role Labeling Improves Incremental Parsing",
    author = "Konstas, Ioannis  and
      Keller, Frank",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1115",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1115",
    pages = "1191--1201",
}
@inproceedings{maier-2015-discontinuous,
    title = "Discontinuous Incremental Shift-reduce Parsing",
    author = "Maier, Wolfgang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1116",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1116",
    pages = "1202--1212",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2015-neural,
    title = "A Neural Probabilistic Structured-Prediction Model for Transition-Based Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Zhou, Hao  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Huang, Shujian  and
      Chen, Jiajun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1117",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1117",
    pages = "1213--1222",
}
@inproceedings{choe-mcclosky-2015-parsing,
    title = "Parsing Paraphrases with Joint Inference",
    author = "Choe, Do Kook  and
      McClosky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1118",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1118",
    pages = "1223--1233",
}
@inproceedings{guo-etal-2015-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Dependency Parsing Based on Distributed Representations",
    author = "Guo, Jiang  and
      Che, Wanxiang  and
      Yarowsky, David  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1119",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1119",
    pages = "1234--1244",
}
@inproceedings{hearst-2015-natural,
    title = "Can Natural Language Processing Become Natural Language Coaching?",
    author = "Hearst, Marti A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1120",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1120",
    pages = "1245--1252",
}
@inproceedings{narasimhan-barzilay-2015-machine,
    title = "Machine Comprehension with Discourse Relations",
    author = "Narasimhan, Karthik  and
      Barzilay, Regina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1121",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1121",
    pages = "1253--1262",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2015-implicit,
    title = "Implicit Role Linking on {C}hinese Discourse: Exploiting Explicit Roles and Frame-to-Frame Relations",
    author = "Li, Ru  and
      Wu, Juan  and
      Wang, Zhiqiang  and
      Chai, Qinghua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1122",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1122",
    pages = "1263--1271",
}
@inproceedings{friedrich-pinkal-2015-discourse,
    title = "Discourse-sensitive Automatic Identification of Generic Expressions",
    author = "Friedrich, Annemarie  and
      Pinkal, Manfred",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1123",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1123",
    pages = "1272--1281",
}
@inproceedings{stratos-etal-2015-model,
    title = "Model-based Word Embeddings from Decompositions of Count Matrices",
    author = "Stratos, Karl  and
      Collins, Michael  and
      Hsu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1124",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1124",
    pages = "1282--1291",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2015-entity,
    title = "Entity Hierarchy Embedding",
    author = "Hu, Zhiting  and
      Huang, Poyao  and
      Deng, Yuntian  and
      Gao, Yingkai  and
      Xing, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1125",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1125",
    pages = "1292--1300",
}
@inproceedings{mitchell-steedman-2015-orthogonality,
    title = "Orthogonality of Syntax and Semantics within Distributional Spaces",
    author = "Mitchell, Jeff  and
      Steedman, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1126",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1126",
    pages = "1301--1310",
}
@inproceedings{choi-etal-2015-scalable,
    title = "Scalable Semantic Parsing with Partial Ontologies",
    author = "Choi, Eunsol  and
      Kwiatkowski, Tom  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1127",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1127",
    pages = "1311--1320",
}
@inproceedings{yih-etal-2015-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing via Staged Query Graph Generation: Question Answering with Knowledge Base",
    author = "Yih, Wen-tau  and
      Chang, Ming-Wei  and
      He, Xiaodong  and
      Gao, Jianfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1128",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1128",
    pages = "1321--1331",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-building,
    title = "Building a Semantic Parser Overnight",
    author = "Wang, Yushi  and
      Berant, Jonathan  and
      Liang, Percy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1129",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1129",
    pages = "1332--1342",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Polarities of Tweets by Composing Word Embeddings with Long Short-Term Memory",
    author = "Wang, Xin  and
      Liu, Yuanchao  and
      Sun, Chengjie  and
      Wang, Baoxun  and
      Wang, Xiaolong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1130",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1130",
    pages = "1343--1353",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-shirai-2015-topic,
    title = "Topic Modeling based Sentiment Analysis on Social Media for Stock Market Prediction",
    author = "Nguyen, Thien Hai  and
      Shirai, Kiyoaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1131",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1131",
    pages = "1354--1364",
}
@inproceedings{qian-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Tag Embeddings and Tag-specific Composition Functions in Recursive Neural Network",
    author = "Qian, Qiao  and
      Tian, Bo  and
      Huang, Minlie  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Zhu, Xuan  and
      Zhu, Xiaoyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1132",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1132",
    pages = "1365--1374",
}
@inproceedings{grave-elhadad-2015-convex,
    title = "A convex and feature-rich discriminative approach to dependency grammar induction",
    author = "Grave, {\'E}douard  and
      Elhadad, No{\'e}mie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1133",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1133",
    pages = "1375--1384",
}
@inproceedings{mielens-etal-2015-parse,
    title = "Parse Imputation for Dependency Annotations",
    author = "Mielens, Jason  and
      Sun, Liang  and
      Baldridge, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1134",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1134",
    pages = "1385--1394",
}
@inproceedings{bisk-hockenmaier-2015-probing,
    title = "Probing the Linguistic Strengths and Limitations of Unsupervised Grammar Induction",
    author = "Bisk, Yonatan  and
      Hockenmaier, Julia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1135",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1135",
    pages = "1395--1404",
}
@inproceedings{clark-manning-2015-entity,
    title = "Entity-Centric Coreference Resolution with Model Stacking",
    author = "Clark, Kevin  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1136",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1136",
    pages = "1405--1415",
}
@inproceedings{wiseman-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Anaphoricity and Antecedent Ranking Features for Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Wiseman, Sam  and
      Rush, Alexander M.  and
      Shieber, Stuart  and
      Weston, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1137",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1137",
    pages = "1416--1426",
}
@inproceedings{martins-2015-transferring,
    title = "Transferring Coreference Resolvers with Posterior Regularization",
    author = "Martins, Andr{\'e} F. T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1138",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1138",
    pages = "1427--1437",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2015-tea,
    title = "Tea Party in the House: A Hierarchical Ideal Point Topic Model and Its Application to Republican Legislators in the 112th Congress",
    author = "Nguyen, Viet-An  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Resnik, Philip  and
      Miler, Kristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1139",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1139",
    pages = "1438--1448",
}
@inproceedings{movshovitz-attias-cohen-2015-kb,
    title = "{KB}-{LDA}: Jointly Learning a Knowledge Base of Hierarchy, Relations, and Facts",
    author = "Movshovitz-Attias, Dana  and
      Cohen, William W.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1140",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1140",
    pages = "1449--1459",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-etal-2015-computationally,
    title = "A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Learning Topical Collocation Models",
    author = {Zhao, Zhendong  and
      Du, Lan  and
      B{\"o}rschinger, Benjamin  and
      Pate, John K  and
      Ciaramita, Massimiliano  and
      Steedman, Mark  and
      Johnson, Mark},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1141",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1141",
    pages = "1460--1469",
}
@inproceedings{pasupat-liang-2015-compositional,
    title = "Compositional Semantic Parsing on Semi-Structured Tables",
    author = "Pasupat, Panupong  and
      Liang, Percy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1142",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1142",
    pages = "1470--1480",
}
@inproceedings{groschwitz-etal-2015-graph,
    title = "Graph parsing with s-graph grammars",
    author = "Groschwitz, Jonas  and
      Koller, Alexander  and
      Teichmann, Christoph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1143",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1143",
    pages = "1481--1490",
}
@inproceedings{faruqui-etal-2015-sparse,
    title = "Sparse Overcomplete Word Vector Representations",
    author = "Faruqui, Manaal  and
      Tsvetkov, Yulia  and
      Yogatama, Dani  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1144",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1144",
    pages = "1491--1500",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Semantic Word Embeddings based on Ordinal Knowledge Constraints",
    author = "Liu, Quan  and
      Jiang, Hui  and
      Wei, Si  and
      Ling, Zhen-Hua  and
      Hu, Yu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1145",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1145",
    pages = "1501--1511",
}
@inproceedings{pavlick-etal-2015-adding,
    title = "Adding Semantics to Data-Driven Paraphrasing",
    author = "Pavlick, Ellie  and
      Bos, Johan  and
      Nissim, Malvina  and
      Beller, Charley  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1146",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1146",
    pages = "1512--1522",
}
@inproceedings{fernandez-gonzalez-martins-2015-parsing,
    title = "Parsing as Reduction",
    author = "Fern{\'a}ndez-Gonz{\'a}lez, Daniel  and
      Martins, Andr{\'e} F. T.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1147",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1147",
    pages = "1523--1533",
}
@inproceedings{thang-etal-2015-optimal,
    title = "Optimal Shift-Reduce Constituent Parsing with Structured Perceptron",
    author = "Thang, Le Quang  and
      Noji, Hiroshi  and
      Miyao, Yusuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1148",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1148",
    pages = "1534--1544",
}
@inproceedings{du-etal-2015-data,
    title = "A Data-Driven, Factorization Parser for {CCG} Dependency Structures",
    author = "Du, Yantao  and
      Sun, Weiwei  and
      Wan, Xiaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1149",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1149",
    pages = "1545--1555",
}
@inproceedings{tai-etal-2015-improved,
    title = "Improved Semantic Representations From Tree-Structured Long Short-Term Memory Networks",
    author = "Tai, Kai Sheng  and
      Socher, Richard  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1150",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1150",
    pages = "1556--1566",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-gencnn,
    title = "gen{CNN}: A Convolutional Architecture for Word Sequence Prediction",
    author = "Wang, Mingxuan  and
      Lu, Zhengdong  and
      Li, Hang  and
      Jiang, Wenbin  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1151",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1151",
    pages = "1567--1576",
}
@inproceedings{shang-etal-2015-neural,
    title = "Neural Responding Machine for Short-Text Conversation",
    author = "Shang, Lifeng  and
      Lu, Zhengdong  and
      Li, Hang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1152",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1152",
    pages = "1577--1586",
}
@inproceedings{bing-etal-2015-abstractive,
    title = "Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization via Phrase Selection and Merging",
    author = "Bing, Lidong  and
      Li, Piji  and
      Liao, Yi  and
      Lam, Wai  and
      Guo, Weiwei  and
      Passonneau, Rebecca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1153",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1153",
    pages = "1587--1597",
}
@inproceedings{tran-etal-2015-joint,
    title = "Joint Graphical Models for Date Selection in Timeline Summarization",
    author = "Tran, Giang  and
      Herder, Eelco  and
      Markert, Katja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1154",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1154",
    pages = "1598--1607",
}
@inproceedings{kedzie-etal-2015-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Salient Updates for Disaster Summarization",
    author = "Kedzie, Chris  and
      McKeown, Kathleen  and
      Diaz, Fernando",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1155",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1155",
    pages = "1608--1617",
}
@inproceedings{lau-etal-2015-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Prediction of Acceptability Judgements",
    author = "Lau, Jey Han  and
      Clark, Alexander  and
      Lappin, Shalom",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1156",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1156",
    pages = "1618--1628",
}
@inproceedings{tsur-etal-2015-frame,
    title = "A Frame of Mind: Using Statistical Models for Detection of Framing and Agenda Setting Campaigns",
    author = "Tsur, Oren  and
      Calacci, Dan  and
      Lazer, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1157",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1157",
    pages = "1629--1638",
}
@inproceedings{orita-etal-2015-discourse,
    title = "Why discourse affects speakers{'} choice of referring expressions",
    author = "Orita, Naho  and
      Vornov, Eliana  and
      Feldman, Naomi  and
      Daum{\'e} III, Hal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1158",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1158",
    pages = "1639--1649",
}
@inproceedings{niculae-etal-2015-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Harbingers of Betrayal: A Case Study on an Online Strategy Game",
    author = "Niculae, Vlad  and
      Kumar, Srijan  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1159",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1159",
    pages = "1650--1659",
}
@inproceedings{kanouchi-etal-2015-caught,
    title = "Who caught a cold ? - Identifying the subject of a symptom",
    author = "Kanouchi, Shin  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Aramaki, Eiji  and
      Ishikawa, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1160",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1160",
    pages = "1660--1670",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2015-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised Role Identification in Teamwork Interactions",
    author = "Yang, Diyi  and
      Wen, Miaomiao  and
      Ros{\'e}, Carolyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1161",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1161",
    pages = "1671--1680",
}
@inproceedings{iyyer-etal-2015-deep,
    title = "Deep Unordered Composition Rivals Syntactic Methods for Text Classification",
    author = "Iyyer, Mohit  and
      Manjunatha, Varun  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Daum{\'e} III, Hal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1162",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1162",
    pages = "1681--1691",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-solar,
    title = "{SOLAR}: Scalable Online Learning Algorithms for Ranking",
    author = "Wang, Jialei  and
      Wan, Ji  and
      Zhang, Yongdong  and
      Hoi, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1163",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1163",
    pages = "1692--1701",
}
@inproceedings{rousseau-etal-2015-text,
    title = "Text Categorization as a Graph Classification Problem",
    author = "Rousseau, Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Kiagias, Emmanouil  and
      Vazirgiannis, Michalis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1164",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1164",
    pages = "1702--1712",
}
@inproceedings{sogaard-etal-2015-inverted,
    title = "Inverted indexing for cross-lingual {NLP}",
    author = "S{\o}gaard, Anders  and
      Agi{\'c}, {\v{Z}}eljko  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez Alonso, H{\'e}ctor  and
      Plank, Barbara  and
      Bohnet, Bernd  and
      Johannsen, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1165",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1165",
    pages = "1713--1722",
}
@inproceedings{dong-etal-2015-multi,
    title = "Multi-Task Learning for Multiple Language Translation",
    author = "Dong, Daxiang  and
      Wu, Hua  and
      He, Wei  and
      Yu, Dianhai  and
      Wang, Haifeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1166",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1166",
    pages = "1723--1732",
}
@inproceedings{ma-hinrichs-2015-accurate,
    title = "Accurate Linear-Time {C}hinese Word Segmentation via Embedding Matching",
    author = "Ma, Jianqiang  and
      Hinrichs, Erhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1167",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1167",
    pages = "1733--1743",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-gated,
    title = "Gated Recursive Neural Network for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Chen, Xinchi  and
      Qiu, Xipeng  and
      Zhu, Chenxi  and
      Huang, Xuanjing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1168",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1168",
    pages = "1744--1753",
}
@inproceedings{preotiuc-pietro-etal-2015-analysis,
    title = "An analysis of the user occupational class through Twitter content",
    author = "Preo{\c{t}}iuc-Pietro, Daniel  and
      Lampos, Vasileios  and
      Aletras, Nikolaos",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1169",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1169",
    pages = "1754--1764",
}
@inproceedings{wurzer-etal-2015-tracking,
    title = "Tracking unbounded Topic Streams",
    author = "Wurzer, Dominik  and
      Lavrenko, Victor  and
      Osborne, Miles",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1170",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1170",
    pages = "1765--1773",
}
@inproceedings{uchiumi-etal-2015-inducing,
    title = "Inducing Word and Part-of-Speech with Pitman-Yor Hidden Semi-{M}arkov Models",
    author = "Uchiumi, Kei  and
      Tsukahara, Hiroshi  and
      Mochihashi, Daichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1171",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1171",
    pages = "1774--1782",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2015-coupled,
    title = "Coupled Sequence Labeling on Heterogeneous Annotations: {POS} Tagging as a Case Study",
    author = "Li, Zhenghua  and
      Chao, Jiayuan  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Chen, Wenliang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1172",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1172",
    pages = "1783--1792",
}
@inproceedings{rothe-schutze-2015-autoextend,
    title = "{A}uto{E}xtend: Extending Word Embeddings to Embeddings for Synsets and Lexemes",
    author = {Rothe, Sascha  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1173",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1173",
    pages = "1793--1803",
}
@inproceedings{graham-2015-improving,
    title = "Improving Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality Estimation",
    author = "Graham, Yvette",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1174",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-1174",
    pages = "1804--1813",
}
@proceedings{acl-2015-association-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    author = "Zong, Chengqing  and
      Strube, Michael",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2",
}
@inproceedings{camacho-collados-etal-2015-framework,
    title = "A Framework for the Construction of Monolingual and Cross-lingual Word Similarity Datasets",
    author = "Camacho-Collados, Jos{\'e}  and
      Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2001",
    pages = "1--7",
}
@inproceedings{subercaze-etal-2015-metric,
    title = "On metric embedding for boosting semantic similarity computations",
    author = "Subercaze, Julien  and
      Gravier, Christophe  and
      Laforest, Frederique",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2002",
    pages = "8--14",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-improving,
    title = "Improving Distributed Representation of Word Sense via {W}ord{N}et Gloss Composition and Context Clustering",
    author = "Chen, Tao  and
      Xu, Ruifeng  and
      He, Yulan  and
      Wang, Xuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2003",
    pages = "15--20",
}
@inproceedings{pham-etal-2015-multitask,
    title = "A Multitask Objective to Inject Lexical Contrast into Distributional Semantics",
    author = "Pham, Nghia The  and
      Lazaridou, Angeliki  and
      Baroni, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2004",
    pages = "21--26",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2015-semi,
    title = "Semi-Stacking for Semi-supervised Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Li, Shoushan  and
      Huang, Lei  and
      Wang, Jingjing  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2005",
    pages = "27--31",
}
@inproceedings{yang-2015-deep,
    title = "Deep {M}arkov Neural Network for Sequential Data Classification",
    author = "Yang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2006",
    pages = "32--37",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2015-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Analysis and Helpfulness Prediction of Text for Online Product Reviews",
    author = "Yang, Yinfei  and
      Yan, Yaowei  and
      Qiu, Minghui  and
      Bao, Forrest",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2007",
    pages = "38--44",
}
@inproceedings{taddy-2015-document,
    title = "Document Classification by Inversion of Distributed Language Representations",
    author = "Taddy, Matt",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2008",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2008",
    pages = "45--49",
}
@inproceedings{wei-etal-2015-using,
    title = "Using Tweets to Help Sentence Compression for News Highlights Generation",
    author = "Wei, Zhongyu  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Li, Chen  and
      Gao, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2009",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2009",
    pages = "50--56",
}
@inproceedings{pavlick-etal-2015-domain,
    title = "Domain-Specific Paraphrase Extraction",
    author = "Pavlick, Ellie  and
      Ganitkevitch, Juri  and
      Chan, Tsz Ping  and
      Yao, Xuchen  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2010",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2010",
    pages = "57--62",
}
@inproceedings{glavas-stajner-2015-simplifying,
    title = "Simplifying Lexical Simplification: Do We Need Simplified Corpora?",
    author = "Glava{\v{s}}, Goran  and
      {\v{S}}tajner, Sanja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2011",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2011",
    pages = "63--68",
}
@inproceedings{altamirano-etal-2015-zoom,
    title = "{Z}oom: a corpus of natural language descriptions of map locations",
    author = "Altamirano, Romina  and
      Ferreira, Thiago  and
      Paraboni, Ivandr{\'e}  and
      Benotti, Luciana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2012",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2012",
    pages = "69--75",
}
@inproceedings{paraboni-etal-2015-generating,
    title = "Generating overspecified referring expressions: the role of discrimination",
    author = "Paraboni, Ivandr{\'e}  and
      Galindo, Michelle  and
      Iacovelli, Douglas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2013",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2013",
    pages = "76--82",
}
@inproceedings{roesiger-riester-2015-using,
    title = "Using prosodic annotations to improve coreference resolution of spoken text",
    author = "Roesiger, Ina  and
      Riester, Arndt",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2014",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2014",
    pages = "83--88",
}
@inproceedings{fisher-simmons-2015-spectral,
    title = "Spectral Semi-Supervised Discourse Relation Classification",
    author = "Fisher, Robert  and
      Simmons, Reid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2015",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2015",
    pages = "89--93",
}
@inproceedings{gokcen-de-marneffe-2015-disagree,
    title = "{I} do not disagree: leveraging monolingual alignment to detect disagreement in dialogue",
    author = "Gokcen, Ajda  and
      de Marneffe, Marie-Catherine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2016",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2016",
    pages = "94--99",
}
@inproceedings{devlin-etal-2015-language,
    title = "Language Models for Image Captioning: The Quirks and What Works",
    author = "Devlin, Jacob  and
      Cheng, Hao  and
      Fang, Hao  and
      Gupta, Saurabh  and
      Deng, Li  and
      He, Xiaodong  and
      Zweig, Geoffrey  and
      Mitchell, Margaret",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2017",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2017",
    pages = "100--105",
}
@inproceedings{yagcioglu-etal-2015-distributed,
    title = "A Distributed Representation Based Query Expansion Approach for Image Captioning",
    author = "Yagcioglu, Semih  and
      Erdem, Erkut  and
      Erdem, Aykut  and
      Cakici, Ruket",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2018",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2018",
    pages = "106--111",
}
@inproceedings{chrupala-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning language through pictures",
    author = "Chrupa{\l}a, Grzegorz  and
      K{\'a}d{\'a}r, {\'A}kos  and
      Alishahi, Afra",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2019",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2019",
    pages = "112--118",
}
@inproceedings{kiela-etal-2015-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Image Generality for Lexical Entailment Detection",
    author = "Kiela, Douwe  and
      Rimell, Laura  and
      Vuli{\'c}, Ivan  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2020",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2020",
    pages = "119--124",
}
@inproceedings{tsvetkov-dyer-2015-lexicon,
    title = "Lexicon Stratification for Translating Out-of-Vocabulary Words",
    author = "Tsvetkov, Yulia  and
      Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2021",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2021",
    pages = "125--131",
}
@inproceedings{yu-zhu-2015-recurrent,
    title = "Recurrent Neural Network based Rule Sequence Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Yu, Heng  and
      Zhu, Xuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2022",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2022",
    pages = "132--138",
}
@inproceedings{hoshino-etal-2015-discriminative,
    title = "Discriminative Preordering Meets Kendall{'}s $\tau$ Maximization",
    author = "Hoshino, Sho  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Sudoh, Katsuhito  and
      Hayashi, Katsuhiko  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2023",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2023",
    pages = "139--144",
}
@inproceedings{matsuzaki-etal-2015-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Machine Translation Systems with Second Language Proficiency Tests",
    author = "Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Fujita, Akira  and
      Todo, Naoya  and
      H. Arai, Noriko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2024",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2024",
    pages = "145--149",
}
@inproceedings{chen-guo-2015-representation,
    title = "Representation Based Translation Evaluation Metrics",
    author = "Chen, Boxing  and
      Guo, Hongyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2025",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2025",
    pages = "150--155",
}
@inproceedings{chatterjee-etal-2015-exploring,
    title = "Exploring the Planet of the {APE}s: a Comparative Study of State-of-the-art Methods for {MT} Automatic Post-Editing",
    author = "Chatterjee, Rajen  and
      Weller, Marion  and
      Negri, Matteo  and
      Turchi, Marco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2026",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2026",
    pages = "156--161",
}
@inproceedings{gu-li-2015-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Learning for Undirected Topic Models",
    author = "Gu, Jiatao  and
      Li, Victor O.K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2027",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2027",
    pages = "162--167",
}
@inproceedings{yu-jiang-2015-hassle,
    title = "A Hassle-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method Using Instance Similarity Features",
    author = "Yu, Jianfei  and
      Jiang, Jing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2028",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2028",
    pages = "168--173",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2015-dependency,
    title = "Dependency-based Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Embedding",
    author = "Ma, Mingbo  and
      Huang, Liang  and
      Zhou, Bowen  and
      Xiang, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2029",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2029",
    pages = "174--179",
}
@inproceedings{bitvai-cohn-2015-non,
    title = "Non-Linear Text Regression with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network",
    author = "Bitvai, Zsolt  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2030",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2030",
    pages = "180--185",
}
@inproceedings{suzuki-nagata-2015-unified,
    title = "A Unified Learning Framework of Skip-Grams and Global Vectors",
    author = "Suzuki, Jun  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2031",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2031",
    pages = "186--191",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2015-pre,
    title = "Pre-training of Hidden-Unit {CRF}s",
    author = "Kim, Young-Bum  and
      Stratos, Karl  and
      Sarikaya, Ruhi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2032",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2032",
    pages = "192--198",
}
@inproceedings{severyn-etal-2015-distributional,
    title = "Distributional Neural Networks for Automatic Resolution of Crossword Puzzles",
    author = "Severyn, Aliaksei  and
      Nicosia, Massimo  and
      Barlacchi, Gianni  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2033",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2033",
    pages = "199--204",
}
@inproceedings{ostling-2015-word,
    title = "Word Order Typology through Multilingual Word Alignment",
    author = {{\"O}stling, Robert},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2034",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2034",
    pages = "205--211",
}
@inproceedings{rouhizadeh-etal-2015-measuring,
    title = "Measuring idiosyncratic interests in children with autism",
    author = "Rouhizadeh, Masoud  and
      Prud{'}hommeaux, Emily  and
      van Santen, Jan  and
      Sproat, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2035",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2035",
    pages = "212--217",
}
@inproceedings{kshirsagar-etal-2015-frame,
    title = "Frame-Semantic Role Labeling with Heterogeneous Annotations",
    author = "Kshirsagar, Meghana  and
      Thomson, Sam  and
      Schneider, Nathan  and
      Carbonell, Jaime  and
      Smith, Noah A.  and
      Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2036",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2036",
    pages = "218--224",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2015-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Interpretation of Superlative Expressions via Structured Knowledge Bases",
    author = "Zhang, Sheng  and
      Feng, Yansong  and
      Huang, Songfang  and
      Xu, Kun  and
      Han, Zhe  and
      Zhao, Dongyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2037",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2037",
    pages = "225--230",
}
@inproceedings{kiela-etal-2015-grounding,
    title = "Grounding Semantics in Olfactory Perception",
    author = "Kiela, Douwe  and
      Bulat, Luana  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2038",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2038",
    pages = "231--236",
}
@inproceedings{tanaka-nagata-2015-word,
    title = "Word-based {J}apanese typed dependency parsing with grammatical function analysis",
    author = "Tanaka, Takaaki  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2039",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2039",
    pages = "237--242",
}
@inproceedings{rosa-zabokrtsky-2015-klcpos3,
    title = "{KL}cpos3 - a Language Similarity Measure for Delexicalized Parser Transfer",
    author = "Rosa, Rudolf  and
      {\v{Z}}abokrtsk{\'y}, Zden{\v{e}}k",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2040",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2040",
    pages = "243--249",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2015-ccg,
    title = "{CCG} Supertagging with a Recurrent Neural Network",
    author = "Xu, Wenduan  and
      Auli, Michael  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2041",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2041",
    pages = "250--255",
}
@inproceedings{gomez-rodriguez-fernandez-gonzalez-2015-efficient,
    title = "An Efficient Dynamic Oracle for Unrestricted Non-Projective Parsing",
    author = "G{\'o}mez-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Carlos  and
      Fern{\'a}ndez-Gonz{\'a}lez, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2042",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2042",
    pages = "256--261",
}
@inproceedings{cheng-etal-2015-synthetic,
    title = "Synthetic Word Parsing Improves {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Cheng, Fei  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2043",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2043",
    pages = "262--267",
}
@inproceedings{agic-etal-2015-bit,
    title = "If all you have is a bit of the {B}ible: Learning {POS} taggers for truly low-resource languages",
    author = "Agi{\'c}, {\v{Z}}eljko  and
      Hovy, Dirk  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2044",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2044",
    pages = "268--272",
}
@inproceedings{roller-etal-2015-improving,
    title = "Improving distant supervision using inference learning",
    author = "Roller, Roland  and
      Agirre, Eneko  and
      Soroa, Aitor  and
      Stevenson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2045",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2045",
    pages = "273--278",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2015-lexicalized,
    title = "A Lexicalized Tree Kernel for Open Information Extraction",
    author = "Xu, Ying  and
      Ringlstetter, Christoph  and
      Kim, Mi-Young  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz  and
      Goebel, Randy  and
      Miyao, Yusuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2046",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2046",
    pages = "279--284",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2015-dependency,
    title = "A Dependency-Based Neural Network for Relation Classification",
    author = "Liu, Yang  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Wang, Houfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2047",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2047",
    pages = "285--290",
}
@inproceedings{yogatama-etal-2015-embedding,
    title = "Embedding Methods for Fine Grained Entity Type Classification",
    author = "Yogatama, Dani  and
      Gillick, Daniel  and
      Lazic, Nevena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2048",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2048",
    pages = "291--296",
}
@inproceedings{dsouza-ng-2015-sieve,
    title = "Sieve-Based Entity Linking for the Biomedical Domain",
    author = "D{'}Souza, Jennifer  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2049",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2049",
    pages = "297--302",
}
@inproceedings{stanovsky-etal-2015-open,
    title = "Open {IE} as an Intermediate Structure for Semantic Tasks",
    author = "Stanovsky, Gabriel  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      {Mausam}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2050",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2050",
    pages = "303--308",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2015-recovering,
    title = "Recovering dropped pronouns from {C}hinese text messages",
    author = "Yang, Yaqin  and
      Liu, Yalin  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2051",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2051",
    pages = "309--313",
}
@inproceedings{voigt-jurafsky-2015-users,
    title = "The Users Who Say {`}Ni{'}: Audience Identification in {C}hinese-language Restaurant Reviews",
    author = "Voigt, Rob  and
      Jurafsky, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2052",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2052",
    pages = "314--319",
}
@inproceedings{chen-ng-2015-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Zero Pronoun Resolution: A Joint Unsupervised Discourse-Aware Model Rivaling State-of-the-Art Resolvers",
    author = "Chen, Chen  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2053",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2053",
    pages = "320--326",
}
@inproceedings{yu-mccann-2015-co,
    title = "Co-Simmate: Quick Retrieving All Pairwise Co-Simrank Scores",
    author = "Yu, Weiren  and
      McCann, Julie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2054",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2054",
    pages = "327--333",
}
@inproceedings{stathopoulos-teufel-2015-retrieval,
    title = "Retrieval of Research-level Mathematical Information Needs: A Test Collection and Technical Terminology Experiment",
    author = "Stathopoulos, Yiannos  and
      Teufel, Simone",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2055",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2055",
    pages = "334--340",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning to Mine Query Subtopics from Query Log",
    author = "Zhang, Zhenzhong  and
      Sun, Le  and
      Han, Xianpei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2056",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2056",
    pages = "341--345",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Topic Hierarchies for {W}ikipedia Categories",
    author = "Hu, Linmei  and
      Wang, Xuzhong  and
      Zhang, Mengdi  and
      Li, Juanzi  and
      Li, Xiaoli  and
      Shao, Chao  and
      Tang, Jie  and
      Liu, Yongbin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2057",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2057",
    pages = "346--351",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Clustering and Convolutional Neural Network for Short Text Categorization",
    author = "Wang, Peng  and
      Xu, Jiaming  and
      Xu, Bo  and
      Liu, Chenglin  and
      Zhang, Heng  and
      Wang, Fangyuan  and
      Hao, Hongwei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2058",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2058",
    pages = "352--357",
}
@inproceedings{laparra-etal-2015-document,
    title = "Document Level Time-anchoring for {T}ime{L}ine Extraction",
    author = "Laparra, Egoitz  and
      Aldabe, Itziar  and
      Rigau, German",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2059",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2059",
    pages = "358--364",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-grishman-2015-event,
    title = "Event Detection and Domain Adaptation with Convolutional Neural Networks",
    author = "Nguyen, Thien Huu  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2060",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2060",
    pages = "365--371",
}
@inproceedings{bronstein-etal-2015-seed,
    title = "Seed-Based Event Trigger Labeling: How far can event descriptions get us?",
    author = "Bronstein, Ofer  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Li, Qi  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Frank, Anette",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2061",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2061",
    pages = "372--376",
}
@inproceedings{peng-etal-2015-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study of {C}hinese Name Matching and Applications",
    author = "Peng, Nanyun  and
      Yu, Mo  and
      Dredze, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2062",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2062",
    pages = "377--383",
}
@inproceedings{heafield-etal-2015-language,
    title = "Language Identification and Modeling in Specialized Hardware",
    author = "Heafield, Kenneth  and
      Kshirsagar, Rohan  and
      Barona, Santiago",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2063",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2063",
    pages = "384--389",
}
@inproceedings{zirikly-hagiwara-2015-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Transfer of Named Entity Recognizers without Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Zirikly, Ayah  and
      Hagiwara, Masato",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2064",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2064",
    pages = "390--396",
}
@inproceedings{liu-wang-2015-robust,
    title = "Robust Multi-Relational Clustering via $\ell_1$-Norm Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization",
    author = "Liu, Kai  and
      Wang, Hua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2065",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2065",
    pages = "397--401",
}
@inproceedings{dasgupta-2015-painless,
    title = "Painless Labeling with Application to Text Mining",
    author = "Dasgupta, Sajib",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2066",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2066",
    pages = "402--407",
}
@inproceedings{pavlick-etal-2015-framenet,
    title = "{F}rame{N}et+: Fast Paraphrastic Tripling of {F}rame{N}et",
    author = "Pavlick, Ellie  and
      Wolfe, Travis  and
      Rastogi, Pushpendre  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      Dredze, Mark  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2067",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2067",
    pages = "408--413",
}
@inproceedings{liebeck-conrad-2015-iwnlp,
    title = "{IWNLP}: Inverse {W}iktionary for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Liebeck, Matthias  and
      Conrad, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2068",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2068",
    pages = "414--418",
}
@inproceedings{levy-etal-2015-tr9856,
    title = "{TR}9856: A Multi-word Term Relatedness Benchmark",
    author = "Levy, Ran  and
      Ein-Dor, Liat  and
      Hummel, Shay  and
      Rinott, Ruty  and
      Slonim, Noam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2069",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2069",
    pages = "419--424",
}
@inproceedings{pavlick-etal-2015-ppdb,
    title = "{PPDB} 2.0: Better paraphrase ranking, fine-grained entailment relations, word embeddings, and style classification",
    author = "Pavlick, Ellie  and
      Rastogi, Pushpendre  and
      Ganitkevitch, Juri  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Callison-Burch, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2070",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2070",
    pages = "425--430",
}
@inproceedings{ciobanu-dinu-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Discrimination between Cognates and Borrowings",
    author = "Ciobanu, Alina Maria  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2071",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2071",
    pages = "431--437",
}
@inproceedings{card-etal-2015-media,
    title = "The Media Frames Corpus: Annotations of Frames Across Issues",
    author = "Card, Dallas  and
      Boydstun, Amber E.  and
      Gross, Justin H.  and
      Resnik, Philip  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2072",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2072",
    pages = "438--444",
}
@inproceedings{galley-etal-2015-deltableu,
    title = "delta{BLEU}: A Discriminative Metric for Generation Tasks with Intrinsically Diverse Targets",
    author = "Galley, Michel  and
      Brockett, Chris  and
      Sordoni, Alessandro  and
      Ji, Yangfeng  and
      Auli, Michael  and
      Quirk, Chris  and
      Mitchell, Margaret  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Dolan, Bill",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2073",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2073",
    pages = "445--450",
}
@inproceedings{nuo-etal-2015-tibetan,
    title = "{T}ibetan Unknown Word Identification from News Corpora for Supporting Lexicon-based {T}ibetan Word Segmentation",
    author = "Nuo, Minghua  and
      Liu, Huidan  and
      Long, Congjun  and
      Wu, Jian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2074",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2074",
    pages = "451--457",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Lexical Embeddings with Syntactic and Lexicographic Knowledge",
    author = "Wang, Tong  and
      Mohamed, Abdelrahman  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2075",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2075",
    pages = "458--463",
}
@inproceedings{faruqui-dyer-2015-non,
    title = "Non-distributional Word Vector Representations",
    author = "Faruqui, Manaal  and
      Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2076",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2076",
    pages = "464--469",
}
@inproceedings{ferret-2015-early,
    title = "Early and Late Combinations of Criteria for Reranking Distributional Thesauri",
    author = "Ferret, Olivier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2077",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2077",
    pages = "470--476",
}
@inproceedings{gulordava-etal-2015-dependency,
    title = "Dependency length minimisation effects in short spans: a large-scale analysis of adjective placement in complex noun phrases",
    author = "Gulordava, Kristina  and
      Merlo, Paola  and
      Crabb{\'e}, Benoit",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2078",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2078",
    pages = "477--482",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-sogaard-2015-tagging,
    title = "Tagging Performance Correlates with Author Age",
    author = "Hovy, Dirk  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2079",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2079",
    pages = "483--488",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-user,
    title = "User Based Aggregation for Biterm Topic Model",
    author = "Chen, Weizheng  and
      Wang, Jinpeng  and
      Zhang, Yan  and
      Yan, Hongfei  and
      Li, Xiaoming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2080",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2080",
    pages = "489--494",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2015-fixed,
    title = "The Fixed-Size Ordinally-Forgetting Encoding Method for Neural Network Language Models",
    author = "Zhang, ShiLiang  and
      Jiang, Hui  and
      Xu, MingBin  and
      Hou, JunFeng  and
      Dai, LiRong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2081",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2081",
    pages = "495--500",
}
@inproceedings{aldebei-etal-2015-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Decomposition of a Multi-Author Document Based on Naive-{B}ayesian Model",
    author = "Aldebei, Khaled  and
      He, Xiangjian  and
      Yang, Jie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2082",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2082",
    pages = "501--505",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-extended,
    title = "Extended Topic Model for Word Dependency",
    author = "Wang, Tong  and
      Viswanath, Vish  and
      Chen, Ping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2083",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2083",
    pages = "506--510",
}
@inproceedings{mirowski-vlachos-2015-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Recurrent Neural Language Models for Sentence Completion",
    author = "Mirowski, Piotr  and
      Vlachos, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2084",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2084",
    pages = "511--517",
}
@inproceedings{lukasik-etal-2015-point,
    title = "Point Process Modelling of Rumour Dynamics in Social Media",
    author = "Lukasik, Michal  and
      Cohn, Trevor  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2085",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2085",
    pages = "518--523",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-guo-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Hidden {M}arkov Models with Distributed State Representations for Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Xiao, Min  and
      Guo, Yuhong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2086",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2086",
    pages = "524--529",
}
@inproceedings{turchi-etal-2015-mt,
    title = "{MT} Quality Estimation for Computer-assisted Translation: Does it Really Help?",
    author = "Turchi, Marco  and
      Negri, Matteo  and
      Federico, Marcello",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2087",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2087",
    pages = "530--535",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2015-context,
    title = "Context-Dependent Translation Selection Using Convolutional Neural Network",
    author = "Hu, Baotian  and
      Tu, Zhaopeng  and
      Lu, Zhengdong  and
      Li, Hang  and
      Chen, Qingcai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2088",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2088",
    pages = "536--541",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2015-learning-word,
    title = "Learning Word Reorderings for Hierarchical Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhang, Jingyi  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Sumita, Eiichro  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2089",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2089",
    pages = "542--548",
}
@inproceedings{nuhn-etal-2015-unravel,
    title = "{UNRAVEL}{---}{A} Decipherment Toolkit",
    author = "Nuhn, Malte  and
      Schamper, Julian  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2090",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2090",
    pages = "549--553",
}
@inproceedings{marie-max-2015-multi,
    title = "Multi-Pass Decoding With Complex Feature Guidance for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Marie, Benjamin  and
      Max, Aur{\'e}lien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2091",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2091",
    pages = "554--559",
}
@inproceedings{van-der-wees-etal-2015-whats,
    title = "What{'}s in a Domain? Analyzing Genre and Topic Differences in Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "van der Wees, Marlies  and
      Bisazza, Arianna  and
      Weerkamp, Wouter  and
      Monz, Christof",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2092",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2092",
    pages = "560--566",
}
@inproceedings{shi-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Cross-lingual Word Embeddings via Matrix Co-factorization",
    author = "Shi, Tianze  and
      Liu, Zhiyuan  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Sun, Maosong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2093",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2093",
    pages = "567--572",
}
@inproceedings{miura-etal-2015-improving,
    title = "Improving Pivot Translation by Remembering the Pivot",
    author = "Miura, Akiva  and
      Neubig, Graham  and
      Sakti, Sakriani  and
      Toda, Tomoki  and
      Nakamura, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2094",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2094",
    pages = "573--577",
}
@inproceedings{wan-hu-2015-braillesum,
    title = "{B}raille{SUM}: A News Summarization System for the Blind and Visually Impaired People",
    author = "Wan, Xiaojun  and
      Hu, Yue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2095",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2095",
    pages = "578--582",
}
@inproceedings{maulidyani-manurung-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Identification of Age-Appropriate Ratings of Song Lyrics",
    author = "Maulidyani, Anggi  and
      Manurung, Ruli",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2096",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2096",
    pages = "583--587",
}
@inproceedings{napoles-etal-2015-ground,
    title = "Ground Truth for Grammatical Error Correction Metrics",
    author = "Napoles, Courtney  and
      Sakaguchi, Keisuke  and
      Post, Matt  and
      Tetreault, Joel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2097",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2097",
    pages = "588--593",
}
@inproceedings{shi-etal-2015-radical,
    title = "Radical Embedding: Delving Deeper to {C}hinese Radicals",
    author = "Shi, Xinlei  and
      Zhai, Junjie  and
      Yang, Xudong  and
      Xie, Zehua  and
      Liu, Chao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2098",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2098",
    pages = "594--598",
}
@inproceedings{yeung-lee-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Detection of Sentence Fragments",
    author = "Yeung, Chak Yan  and
      Lee, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2099",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2099",
    pages = "599--603",
}
@inproceedings{joshi-etal-2015-computational,
    title = "A Computational Approach to Automatic Prediction of Drunk-Texting",
    author = "Joshi, Aditya  and
      Mishra, Abhijit  and
      AR, Balamurali  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak  and
      Carman, Mark J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2100",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2100",
    pages = "604--608",
}
@inproceedings{xie-etal-2015-reducing,
    title = "Reducing infrequent-token perplexity via variational corpora",
    author = "Xie, Yusheng  and
      Daga, Pranjal  and
      Cheng, Yu  and
      Zhang, Kunpeng  and
      Agrawal, Ankit  and
      Choudhary, Alok",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2101",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2101",
    pages = "609--615",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2015-hierarchical-knowledge,
    title = "A Hierarchical Knowledge Representation for Expert Finding on Social Media",
    author = "Li, Yanran  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Li, Sujian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2102",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2102",
    pages = "616--622",
}
@inproceedings{yan-etal-2015-tackling,
    title = "Tackling Sparsity, the Achilles Heel of Social Networks: Language Model Smoothing via Social Regularization",
    author = "Yan, Rui  and
      Li, Xiang  and
      Liu, Mengwen  and
      Hu, Xiaohua",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2103",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2103",
    pages = "623--629",
}
@inproceedings{rahimi-etal-2015-twitter,
    title = "Twitter User Geolocation Using a Unified Text and Network Prediction Model",
    author = "Rahimi, Afshin  and
      Cohn, Trevor  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2104",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2104",
    pages = "630--636",
}
@inproceedings{marujo-etal-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Keyword Extraction on Twitter",
    author = "Marujo, Lu{\'\i}s  and
      Ling, Wang  and
      Trancoso, Isabel  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      Black, Alan W.  and
      Gershman, Anatole  and
      Martins de Matos, David  and
      Neto, Jo{\~a}o  and
      Carbonell, Jaime",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2105",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2105",
    pages = "637--643",
}
@inproceedings{karoui-etal-2015-towards,
    title = "Towards a Contextual Pragmatic Model to Detect Irony in Tweets",
    author = "Karoui, Jihen  and
      Benamara Zitoune, Farah  and
      Moriceau, V{\'e}ronique  and
      Aussenac-Gilles, Nathalie  and
      Hadrich Belguith, Lamia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2106",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2106",
    pages = "644--650",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-xu-2015-annotation,
    title = "Annotation and Classification of an Email Importance Corpus",
    author = "Zhang, Fan  and
      Xu, Kui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2107",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2107",
    pages = "651--656",
}
@inproceedings{tan-etal-2015-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Comparison Between {W}ikipedia and Twitter Corpora by Using Word Embeddings",
    author = "Tan, Luchen  and
      Zhang, Haotian  and
      Clarke, Charles  and
      Smucker, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2108",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2108",
    pages = "657--661",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2015-discovery,
    title = "The Discovery of Natural Typing Annotations: User-produced Potential {C}hinese Word Delimiters",
    author = "Zhang, Dakui  and
      Mao, Yu  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Wang, Hanshi  and
      Wei, Chuyuan  and
      Tang, Shiping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2109",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2109",
    pages = "662--667",
}
@inproceedings{ge-etal-2015-one,
    title = "One Tense per Scene: Predicting Tense in {C}hinese Conversations",
    author = "Ge, Tao  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Chang, Baobao  and
      Sui, Zhifang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2110",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2110",
    pages = "668--673",
}
@inproceedings{sylak-glassman-etal-2015-language,
    title = "A Language-Independent Feature Schema for Inflectional Morphology",
    author = "Sylak-Glassman, John  and
      Kirov, Christo  and
      Yarowsky, David  and
      Que, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2111",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2111",
    pages = "674--680",
}
@inproceedings{galitsky-etal-2015-rhetoric,
    title = "Rhetoric Map of an Answer to Compound Queries",
    author = "Galitsky, Boris  and
      Ilvovsky, Dmitry  and
      Kuznetsov, Sergey O.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2112",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2112",
    pages = "681--686",
}
@inproceedings{barron-cedeno-etal-2015-thread,
    title = "Thread-Level Information for Comment Classification in Community Question Answering",
    author = "Barr{\'o}n-Cede{\~n}o, Alberto  and
      Filice, Simone  and
      Da San Martino, Giovanni  and
      Joty, Shafiq  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2113",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2113",
    pages = "687--693",
}
@inproceedings{dos-santos-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Hybrid Representations to Retrieve Semantically Equivalent Questions",
    author = "dos Santos, C{\'\i}cero  and
      Barbosa, Luciano  and
      Bogdanova, Dasha  and
      Zadrozny, Bianca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2114",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2114",
    pages = "694--699",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-machine,
    title = "Machine Comprehension with Syntax, Frames, and Semantics",
    author = "Wang, Hai  and
      Bansal, Mohit  and
      Gimpel, Kevin  and
      McAllester, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2115",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2115",
    pages = "700--706",
}
@inproceedings{wang-nyberg-2015-long,
    title = "A Long Short-Term Memory Model for Answer Sentence Selection in Question Answering",
    author = "Wang, Di  and
      Nyberg, Eric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2116",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2116",
    pages = "707--712",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2015-answer,
    title = "Answer Sequence Learning with Neural Networks for Answer Selection in Community Question Answering",
    author = "Zhou, Xiaoqiang  and
      Hu, Baotian  and
      Chen, Qingcai  and
      Tang, Buzhou  and
      Wang, Xiaolong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2117",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2117",
    pages = "713--718",
}
@inproceedings{vulic-moens-2015-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Word Embeddings from Non-Parallel Document-Aligned Data Applied to Bilingual Lexicon Induction",
    author = "Vuli{\'c}, Ivan  and
      Moens, Marie-Francine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2118",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2118",
    pages = "719--725",
}
@inproceedings{rubinstein-etal-2015-well,
    title = "How Well Do Distributional Models Capture Different Types of Semantic Knowledge?",
    author = "Rubinstein, Dana  and
      Levi, Effi  and
      Schwartz, Roy  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2119",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2119",
    pages = "726--730",
}
@inproceedings{fried-etal-2015-low,
    title = "Low-Rank Tensors for Verbs in Compositional Distributional Semantics",
    author = "Fried, Daniel  and
      Polajnar, Tamara  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2120",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2120",
    pages = "731--736",
}
@inproceedings{lu-2015-constrained,
    title = "Constrained Semantic Forests for Improved Discriminative Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Lu, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2121",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2121",
    pages = "737--742",
}
@inproceedings{bhattasali-etal-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Identification of Rhetorical Questions",
    author = "Bhattasali, Shohini  and
      Cytryn, Jeremy  and
      Feldman, Elana  and
      Park, Joonsuk",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2122",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2122",
    pages = "743--749",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-lifelong,
    title = "Lifelong Learning for Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Chen, Zhiyuan  and
      Ma, Nianzu  and
      Liu, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2123",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2123",
    pages = "750--756",
}
@inproceedings{joshi-etal-2015-harnessing,
    title = "Harnessing Context Incongruity for Sarcasm Detection",
    author = "Joshi, Aditya  and
      Sharma, Vinita  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2124",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2124",
    pages = "757--762",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-emotion,
    title = "Emotion Detection in Code-switching Texts via Bilingual and Sentimental Information",
    author = "Wang, Zhongqing  and
      Lee, Sophia  and
      Li, Shoushan  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2125",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2125",
    pages = "763--768",
}
@inproceedings{al-boni-etal-2015-model,
    title = "Model Adaptation for Personalized Opinion Analysis",
    author = "Al Boni, Mohammad  and
      Zhou, Keira  and
      Wang, Hongning  and
      Gerber, Matthew S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2126",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2126",
    pages = "769--774",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2015-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Template Extraction for Recognizing Reader-Emotion and Emotional Resonance Writing Assistance",
    author = "Chang, Yung-Chun  and
      Chen, Cen-Chieh  and
      Hsieh, Yu-Lun  and
      Chen, Chien Chin  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2127",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2127",
    pages = "775--780",
}
@inproceedings{lambert-2015-aspect,
    title = "Aspect-Level Cross-lingual Sentiment Classification with Constrained {SMT}",
    author = "Lambert, Patrik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2128",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2128",
    pages = "781--787",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2015-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Valence-Arousal Ratings of Words Using a Weighted Graph Method",
    author = "Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Wang, Jin  and
      Lai, K. Robert  and
      Zhang, Xue-jie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2129",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2129",
    pages = "788--793",
}
@inproceedings{mrksic-etal-2015-multi,
    title = "Multi-domain Dialog State Tracking using Recurrent Neural Networks",
    author = "Mrk{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola  and
      {\'O} S{\'e}aghdha, Diarmuid  and
      Thomson, Blaise  and
      Ga{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Milica  and
      Su, Pei-Hao  and
      Vandyke, David  and
      Wen, Tsung-Hsien  and
      Young, Steve",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2130",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2130",
    pages = "794--799",
}
@inproceedings{ge-xu-2015-dialogue,
    title = "Dialogue Management based on Sentence Clustering",
    author = "Ge, Wendong  and
      Xu, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2131",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2131",
    pages = "800--805",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2015-compact,
    title = "Compact Lexicon Selection with Spectral Methods",
    author = "Kim, Young-Bum  and
      Stratos, Karl  and
      Liu, Xiaohu  and
      Sarikaya, Ruhi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2132",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2132",
    pages = "806--811",
}
@inproceedings{koleva-etal-2015-impact,
    title = "The Impact of Listener Gaze on Predicting Reference Resolution",
    author = "Koleva, Nikolina  and
      Villalba, Mart{\'\i}n  and
      Staudte, Maria  and
      Koller, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2133",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2133",
    pages = "812--817",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2015-simultaneous,
    title = "A Simultaneous Recognition Framework for the Spoken Language Understanding Module of Intelligent Personal Assistant Software on Smart Phones",
    author = "Lee, Changsu  and
      Ko, Youngjoong  and
      Seo, Jungyun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2134",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2134",
    pages = "818--822",
}
@inproceedings{stajner-etal-2015-deeper,
    title = "A Deeper Exploration of the Standard {PB}-{SMT} Approach to Text Simplification and its Evaluation",
    author = "{\v{S}}tajner, Sanja  and
      B{\'e}chara, Hannah  and
      Saggion, Horacio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2135",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2135",
    pages = "823--828",
}
@inproceedings{cao-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Summary Prior Representation for Extractive Summarization",
    author = "Cao, Ziqiang  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Zhou, Ming  and
      Wang, Houfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2136",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2136",
    pages = "829--833",
}
@inproceedings{bauer-teufel-2015-methodology,
    title = "A Methodology for Evaluating Timeline Generation Algorithms based on Deep Semantic Units",
    author = "Bauer, Sandro  and
      Teufel, Simone",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2137",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2137",
    pages = "834--839",
}
@inproceedings{schluter-sogaard-2015-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised extractive summarization via coverage maximization with syntactic and semantic concepts",
    author = "Schluter, Natalie  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2138",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2138",
    pages = "840--844",
}
@inproceedings{duong-etal-2015-low,
    title = "Low Resource Dependency Parsing: Cross-lingual Parameter Sharing in a Neural Network Parser",
    author = "Duong, Long  and
      Cohn, Trevor  and
      Bird, Steven  and
      Cook, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2139",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2139",
    pages = "845--850",
}
@inproceedings{sawai-etal-2015-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Structure Analysis of Noun Phrases using Abstract Meaning Representation",
    author = "Sawai, Yuichiro  and
      Shindo, Hiroyuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2140",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2140",
    pages = "851--856",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-boosting,
    title = "Boosting Transition-based {AMR} Parsing with Refined Actions and Auxiliary Analyzers",
    author = "Wang, Chuan  and
      Xue, Nianwen  and
      Pradhan, Sameer",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2141",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2141",
    pages = "857--862",
}
@inproceedings{buys-blunsom-2015-generative,
    title = "Generative Incremental Dependency Parsing with Neural Networks",
    author = "Buys, Jan  and
      Blunsom, Phil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2142",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2142",
    pages = "863--869",
}
@inproceedings{bisk-etal-2015-labeled,
    title = "Labeled Grammar Induction with Minimal Supervision",
    author = "Bisk, Yonatan  and
      Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
      Hockenmaier, Julia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2143",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2143",
    pages = "870--876",
}
@inproceedings{nourian-etal-2015-importance,
    title = "On the Importance of Ezafe Construction in {P}ersian Parsing",
    author = "Nourian, Alireza  and
      Rasooli, Mohammad Sadegh  and
      Imany, Mohsen  and
      Faili, Heshaam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-2144",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-2144",
    pages = "877--882",
}
@proceedings{acl-2015-acl,
    title = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 Student Research Workshop",
    author = "Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Ivanova, Angelina  and
      Pavlick, Ellie  and
      Bender, Emily  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Oepen, Stephan",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-3000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-3",
}
@inproceedings{chen-2015-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Learning and Modeling of Knowledge and Intent for Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Chen, Yun-Nung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-3001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-3001",
    pages = "1--7",
}
@inproceedings{pu-etal-2015-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Compounds to Improve Noun Phrase Translation from {C}hinese and {G}erman",
    author = "Pu, Xiao  and
      Mascarell, Laura  and
      Popescu-Belis, Andrei  and
      Fishel, Mark  and
      Luong, Ngoc-Quang  and
      Volk, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-3002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-3002",
    pages = "8--15",
}
@inproceedings{weiss-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Representations for Text-level Discourse Parsing",
    author = "Weiss, Gregor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-3003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-3003",
    pages = "16--21",
}
@inproceedings{tokgoz-eryigit-2015-transition,
    title = "Transition-based Dependency {DAG} Parsing Using Dynamic Oracles",
    author = {Tokg{\"o}z, Alper  and
      Eryi{\v{g}}it, G{\"u}l{\c{s}}en},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-3004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-3004",
    pages = "22--27",
}
@inproceedings{kitagawa-etal-2015-disease,
    title = "Disease Event Detection based on Deep Modality Analysis",
    author = "Kitagawa, Yoshiaki  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Aramaki, Eiji  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Ishikawa, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-3005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-3005",
    pages = "28--34",
}
@inproceedings{kajiwara-yamamoto-2015-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation Dataset and System for {J}apanese Lexical Simplification",
    author = "Kajiwara, Tomoyuki  and
      Yamamoto, Kazuhide",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-3006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-3006",
    pages = "35--40",
}
@inproceedings{chen-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning to Map Dependency Parses to Abstract Meaning Representations",
    author = "Chen, Wei-Te",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-3007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-3007",
    pages = "41--46",
}
@proceedings{acl-2015-acl-ijcnlp,
    title = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    author = "Chen, Hsin-Hsi  and
      Markert, Katja",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4",
}
@inproceedings{ai-xu-2015-system,
    title = "A System Demonstration of a Framework for Computer Assisted Pronunciation Training",
    author = "Ai, Renlong  and
      Xu, Feiyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4001",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{bond-etal-2015-imi,
    title = "{IMI} {---} A Multilingual Semantic Annotation Environment",
    author = "Bond, Francis  and
      Morgado da Costa, Lu{\'\i}s  and
      L{\^e}, Tuấn Anh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4002",
    pages = "7--12",
}
@inproceedings{do-dinh-etal-2015-tool,
    title = "In-tool Learning for Selective Manual Annotation in Large Corpora",
    author = "Do Dinh, Erik-L{\^a}n  and
      Eckart de Castilho, Richard  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4003",
    pages = "13--18",
}
@inproceedings{filice-etal-2015-kelp,
    title = "{K}e{LP}: a Kernel-based Learning Platform for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Filice, Simone  and
      Castellucci, Giuseppe  and
      Croce, Danilo  and
      Basili, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4004",
    pages = "19--24",
}
@inproceedings{gartner-etal-2015-multi,
    title = "Multi-modal Visualization and Search for Text and Prosody Annotations",
    author = {G{\"a}rtner, Markus  and
      Schweitzer, Katrin  and
      Eckart, Kerstin  and
      Kuhn, Jonas},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4005",
    pages = "25--30",
}
@inproceedings{habib-van-keulen-2015-need4tweet,
    title = "{NEED}4{T}weet: A Twitterbot for Tweets Named Entity Extraction and Disambiguation",
    author = "Habib, Mena  and
      van Keulen, Maurice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4006",
    pages = "31--36",
}
@inproceedings{heinzerling-strube-2015-visual,
    title = "Visual Error Analysis for Entity Linking",
    author = "Heinzerling, Benjamin  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4007",
    pages = "37--42",
}
@inproceedings{hennig-etal-2015-web,
    title = "A Web-based Collaborative Evaluation Tool for Automatically Learned Relation Extraction Patterns",
    author = "Hennig, Leonhard  and
      Li, Hong  and
      Krause, Sebastian  and
      Xu, Feiyu  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4008",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4008",
    pages = "43--48",
}
@inproceedings{ku-etal-2015-dual,
    title = "A Dual-Layer Semantic Role Labeling System",
    author = "Ku, Lun-Wei  and
      Virk, Shafqat Mumtaz  and
      Lee, Yann-Huei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4009",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4009",
    pages = "49--54",
}
@inproceedings{lipenkova-2015-system,
    title = "A system for fine-grained aspect-based sentiment analysis of {C}hinese",
    author = "Lipenkova, Janna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4010",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4010",
    pages = "55--60",
}
@inproceedings{martschat-etal-2015-plug,
    title = "Plug Latent Structures and Play Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Martschat, Sebastian  and
      Claus, Patrick  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4011",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4011",
    pages = "61--66",
}
@inproceedings{michael-akbik-2015-schnapper,
    title = {{SCHN{\"A}PPER}: A Web Toolkit for Exploratory Relation Extraction},
    author = "Michael, Thilo  and
      Akbik, Alan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4012",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4012",
    pages = "67--72",
}
@inproceedings{morgado-da-costa-bond-2015-omwedit,
    title = "{OMWE}dit - The Integrated Open Multilingual {W}ordnet Editing System",
    author = "Morgado da Costa, Lu{\'\i}s  and
      Bond, Francis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4013",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4013",
    pages = "73--78",
}
@inproceedings{moschitti-etal-2015-sacry,
    title = "{SACRY}: Syntax-based Automatic Crossword puzzle Resolution s{Y}stem",
    author = "Moschitti, Alessandro  and
      Nicosia, Massimo  and
      Barlacchi, Gianni",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4014",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4014",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{paetzold-specia-2015-lexenstein,
    title = "{LEX}enstein: A Framework for Lexical Simplification",
    author = "Paetzold, Gustavo  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4015",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4015",
    pages = "85--90",
}
@inproceedings{pyysalo-etal-2015-sharing,
    title = "Sharing annotations better: {REST}ful Open Annotation",
    author = "Pyysalo, Sampo  and
      Campos, Jorge  and
      Cejuela, Juan Miguel  and
      Ginter, Filip  and
      Hakala, Kai  and
      Li, Chen  and
      Stenetorp, Pontus  and
      Jensen, Lars Juhl",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4016",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4016",
    pages = "91--96",
}
@inproceedings{piperidis-etal-2015-data,
    title = "A Data Sharing and Annotation Service Infrastructure",
    author = "Piperidis, Stelios  and
      Galanis, Dimitrios  and
      Bakagianni, Juli  and
      Sofianopoulos, Sokratis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4017",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4017",
    pages = "97--102",
}
@inproceedings{ruppert-etal-2015-jobimviz,
    title = "{J}o{B}im{V}iz: A Web-based Visualization for Graph-based Distributional Semantic Models",
    author = "Ruppert, Eugen  and
      Kaufmann, Manuel  and
      Riedl, Martin  and
      Biemann, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4018",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4018",
    pages = "103--108",
}
@inproceedings{sato-etal-2015-end,
    title = "End-to-end Argument Generation System in Debating",
    author = "Sato, Misa  and
      Yanai, Kohsuke  and
      Miyoshi, Toshinori  and
      Yanase, Toshihiko  and
      Iwayama, Makoto  and
      Sun, Qinghua  and
      Niwa, Yoshiki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4019",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4019",
    pages = "109--114",
}
@inproceedings{specia-etal-2015-multi,
    title = "Multi-level Translation Quality Prediction with {Q}u{E}st++",
    author = "Specia, Lucia  and
      Paetzold, Gustavo  and
      Scarton, Carolina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4020",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4020",
    pages = "115--120",
}
@inproceedings{steele-specia-2015-wa,
    title = "{WA}-Continuum: Visualising Word Alignments across Multiple Parallel Sentences Simultaneously",
    author = "Steele, David  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4021",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4021",
    pages = "121--126",
}
@inproceedings{valenzuela-escarcega-etal-2015-domain,
    title = "A Domain-independent Rule-based Framework for Event Extraction",
    author = "Valenzuela-Esc{\'a}rcega, Marco A.  and
      Hahn-Powell, Gus  and
      Surdeanu, Mihai  and
      Hicks, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4022",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4022",
    pages = "127--132",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2015-storybase,
    title = "{S}torybase: Towards Building a Knowledge Base for News Events",
    author = "Wu, Zhaohui  and
      Liang, Chen  and
      Giles, C. Lee",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4023",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4023",
    pages = "133--138",
}
@inproceedings{yen-etal-2015-writeahead,
    title = "{W}rite{A}head: Mining Grammar Patterns in Corpora for Assisted Writing",
    author = "Yen, Tzu-Hsi  and
      Wu, Jian-Cheng  and
      Chang, Jim  and
      Boisson, Joanne  and
      Chang, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4024",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4024",
    pages = "139--144",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2015-niuparser,
    title = "{N}iu{P}arser: A {C}hinese Syntactic and Semantic Parsing Toolkit",
    author = "Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Zhu, Muhua  and
      Wang, Qiang  and
      Xiao, Tong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of {ACL}-{IJCNLP} 2015 System Demonstrations",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics and The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-4025",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-4025",
    pages = "145--150",
}
@proceedings{acl-2015-association-linguistics-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Tutorial Abstracts",
    author = "Agirre, Eneko  and
      Duh, Kevin",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-5000",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-5",
}
@inproceedings{han-etal-2015-successful,
    title = "Successful Data Mining Methods for {NLP}",
    author = "Han, Jiawei  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Sun, Yizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-5001",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-5001",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{gormley-eisner-2015-structured,
    title = "Structured Belief Propagation for {NLP}",
    author = "Gormley, Matthew R.  and
      Eisner, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-5002",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-5002",
    pages = "5--6",
}
@inproceedings{rambow-wiebe-2015-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment and Belief: How to Think about, Represent, and Annotate Private States",
    author = "Rambow, Owen  and
      Wiebe, Janyce",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-5003",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-5003",
    pages = "7--11",
}
@inproceedings{popescu-etal-2015-corpus,
    title = "Corpus Patterns for Semantic Processing",
    author = "Popescu, Octavian  and
      Hanks, Patrick  and
      Jezek, Elisabetta  and
      Kawahara, Daisuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-5004",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-5004",
    pages = "12--15",
}
@inproceedings{bouchard-etal-2015-matrix,
    title = "Matrix and Tensor Factorization Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    author = {Bouchard, Guillaume  and
      Naradowsky, Jason  and
      Riedel, Sebastian  and
      Rockt{\"a}schel, Tim  and
      Vlachos, Andreas},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-5005",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-5005",
    pages = "16--18",
}
@inproceedings{huang-zhao-2015-scalable,
    title = "Scalable Large-Margin Structured Learning: Theory and Algorithms",
    author = "Huang, Liang  and
      Zhao, Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-5006",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-5006",
    pages = "19--20",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-2015-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Deceptive Opinion Spam using Linguistics, Behavioral and Statistical Modeling",
    author = "Mukherjee, Arjun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-5007",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-5007",
    pages = "21--22",
}
@inproceedings{huang-2015-need,
    title = "What You Need to Know about {C}hinese for {C}hinese Language Processing",
    author = "Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-5008",
    doi = "10.3115/v1/P15-5008",
    pages = "23--24",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2017-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    author = "Kondrak, Greg  and
      Watanabe, Taro",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1000",
}
@inproceedings{belinkov-etal-2017-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Layers of Representation in Neural Machine Translation on Part-of-Speech and Semantic Tagging Tasks",
    author = "Belinkov, Yonatan  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Sajjad, Hassan  and
      Durrani, Nadir  and
      Dalvi, Fahim  and
      Glass, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1001",
    pages = "1--10",
    abstract = "While neural machine translation (NMT) models provide improved translation quality in an elegant framework, it is less clear what they learn about language. Recent work has started evaluating the quality of vector representations learned by NMT models on morphological and syntactic tasks. In this paper, we investigate the representations learned at different layers of NMT encoders. We train NMT systems on parallel data and use the models to extract features for training a classifier on two tasks: part-of-speech and semantic tagging. We then measure the performance of the classifier as a proxy to the quality of the original NMT model for the given task. Our quantitative analysis yields interesting insights regarding representation learning in NMT models. For instance, we find that higher layers are better at learning semantics while lower layers tend to be better for part-of-speech tagging. We also observe little effect of the target language on source-side representations, especially in higher quality models.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2017-context,
    title = "Context-Aware Smoothing for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Chen, Kehai  and
      Wang, Rui  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1002",
    pages = "11--20",
    abstract = "In Neural Machine Translation (NMT), each word is represented as a low-dimension, real-value vector for encoding its syntax and semantic information. This means that even if the word is in a different sentence context, it is represented as the fixed vector to learn source representation. Moreover, a large number of Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) words, which have different syntax and semantic information, are represented as the same vector representation of {``}unk{''}. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel context-aware smoothing method to dynamically learn a sentence-specific vector for each word (including OOV words) depending on its local context words in a sentence. The learned context-aware representation is integrated into the NMT to improve the translation performance. Empirical results on NIST Chinese-to-English translation task show that the proposed approach achieves 1.78 BLEU improvements on average over a strong attentional NMT, and outperforms some existing systems.",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-le-etal-2017-improving,
    title = "Improving Sequence to Sequence Neural Machine Translation by Utilizing Syntactic Dependency Information",
    author = "Nguyen Le, An  and
      Martinez, Ander  and
      Yoshimoto, Akifumi  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1003",
    pages = "21--29",
    abstract = "Sequence to Sequence Neural Machine Translation has achieved significant performance in recent years. Yet, there are some existing issues that Neural Machine Translation still does not solve completely. Two of them are translation for long sentences and the {``}over-translation{''}. To address these two problems, we propose an approach that utilize more grammatical information such as syntactic dependencies, so that the output can be generated based on more abundant information. In our approach, syntactic dependencies is employed in decoding. In addition, the output of the model is presented not as a simple sequence of tokens but as a linearized tree construction. In order to assess the performance, we construct model based on an attention mechanism encoder-decoder model in which the source language is input to the encoder as a sequence and the decoder generates the target language as a linearized dependency tree structure. Experiments on the Europarl-v7 dataset of French-to-English translation demonstrate that our proposed method improves BLEU scores by 1.57 and 2.40 on datasets consisting of sentences with up to 50 and 80 tokens, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method also solved the two existing problems, ineffective translation for long sentences and over-translation in Neural Machine Translation.",
}
@inproceedings{ghader-monz-2017-attention,
    title = "What does Attention in Neural Machine Translation Pay Attention to?",
    author = "Ghader, Hamidreza  and
      Monz, Christof",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1004",
    pages = "30--39",
    abstract = "Attention in neural machine translation provides the possibility to encode relevant parts of the source sentence at each translation step. As a result, attention is considered to be an alignment model as well. However, there is no work that specifically studies attention and provides analysis of what is being learned by attention models. Thus, the question still remains that how attention is similar or different from the traditional alignment. In this paper, we provide detailed analysis of attention and compare it to traditional alignment. We answer the question of whether attention is only capable of modelling translational equivalent or it captures more information. We show that attention is different from alignment in some cases and is capturing useful information other than alignments.",
}
@inproceedings{kaneko-etal-2017-grammatical,
    title = "Grammatical Error Detection Using Error- and Grammaticality-Specific Word Embeddings",
    author = "Kaneko, Masahiro  and
      Sakaizawa, Yuya  and
      Komachi, Mamoru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1005",
    pages = "40--48",
    abstract = "In this study, we improve grammatical error detection by learning word embeddings that consider grammaticality and error patterns. Most existing algorithms for learning word embeddings usually model only the syntactic context of words so that classifiers treat erroneous and correct words as similar inputs. We address the problem of contextual information by considering learner errors. Specifically, we propose two models: one model that employs grammatical error patterns and another model that considers grammaticality of the target word. We determine grammaticality of n-gram sequence from the annotated error tags and extract grammatical error patterns for word embeddings from large-scale learner corpora. Experimental results show that a bidirectional long-short term memory model initialized by our word embeddings achieved the state-of-the-art accuracy by a large margin in an English grammatical error detection task on the First Certificate in English dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2017-dependency,
    title = "Dependency Parsing with Partial Annotations: An Empirical Comparison",
    author = "Zhang, Yue  and
      Li, Zhenghua  and
      Lang, Jun  and
      Xia, Qingrong  and
      Zhang, Min",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1006",
    pages = "49--58",
    abstract = "This paper describes and compares two straightforward approaches for dependency parsing with partial annotations (PA). The first approach is based on a forest-based training objective for two CRF parsers, i.e., a biaffine neural network graph-based parser (Biaffine) and a traditional log-linear graph-based parser (LLGPar). The second approach is based on the idea of constrained decoding for three parsers, i.e., a traditional linear graph-based parser (LGPar), a globally normalized neural network transition-based parser (GN3Par) and a traditional linear transition-based parser (LTPar). For the test phase, constrained decoding is also used for completing partial trees. We conduct experiments on Penn Treebank under three different settings for simulating PA, i.e., random, most uncertain, and divergent outputs from the five parsers. The results show that LLGPar is most effective in directly learning from PA, and other parsers can achieve best performance when PAs are completed into full trees by LLGPar.",
}
@inproceedings{ma-hovy-2017-neural,
    title = "Neural Probabilistic Model for Non-projective {MST} Parsing",
    author = "Ma, Xuezhe  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1007",
    pages = "59--69",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose a probabilistic parsing model that defines a proper conditional probability distribution over non-projective dependency trees for a given sentence, using neural representations as inputs. The neural network architecture is based on bi-directional LSTMCNNs, which automatically benefits from both word- and character-level representations, by using a combination of bidirectional LSTMs and CNNs. On top of the neural network, we introduce a probabilistic structured layer, defining a conditional log-linear model over non-projective trees. By exploiting Kirchhoff{'}s Matrix-Tree Theorem (Tutte, 1984), the partition functions and marginals can be computed efficiently, leading to a straightforward end-to-end model training procedure via back-propagation. We evaluate our model on 17 different datasets, across 14 different languages. Our parser achieves state-of-the-art parsing performance on nine datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{nishida-nakayama-2017-word,
    title = "Word Ordering as Unsupervised Learning Towards Syntactically Plausible Word Representations",
    author = "Nishida, Noriki  and
      Nakayama, Hideki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1008",
    pages = "70--79",
    abstract = "The research question we explore in this study is how to obtain syntactically plausible word representations without using human annotations. Our underlying hypothesis is that word ordering tests, or linearizations, is suitable for learning syntactic knowledge about words. To verify this hypothesis, we develop a differentiable model called Word Ordering Network (WON) that explicitly learns to recover correct word order while implicitly acquiring word embeddings representing syntactic knowledge. We evaluate the word embeddings produced by the proposed method on downstream syntax-related tasks such as part-of-speech tagging and dependency parsing. The experimental results demonstrate that the WON consistently outperforms both order-insensitive and order-sensitive baselines on these tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{kajiwara-etal-2017-mipa,
    title = "{MIPA}: Mutual Information Based Paraphrase Acquisition via Bilingual Pivoting",
    author = "Kajiwara, Tomoyuki  and
      Komachi, Mamoru  and
      Mochihashi, Daichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1009",
    pages = "80--89",
    abstract = "We present a pointwise mutual information (PMI)-based approach to formalize paraphrasability and propose a variant of PMI, called MIPA, for the paraphrase acquisition. Our paraphrase acquisition method first acquires lexical paraphrase pairs by bilingual pivoting and then reranks them by PMI and distributional similarity. The complementary nature of information from bilingual corpora and from monolingual corpora makes the proposed method robust. Experimental results show that the proposed method substantially outperforms bilingual pivoting and distributional similarity themselves in terms of metrics such as MRR, MAP, coverage, and Spearman{'}s correlation.",
}
@inproceedings{do-etal-2017-improving,
    title = "Improving Implicit Semantic Role Labeling by Predicting Semantic Frame Arguments",
    author = "Do, Quynh Ngoc Thi  and
      Bethard, Steven  and
      Moens, Marie-Francine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1010",
    pages = "90--99",
    abstract = "Implicit semantic role labeling (iSRL) is the task of predicting the semantic roles of a predicate that do not appear as explicit arguments, but rather regard common sense knowledge or are mentioned earlier in the discourse. We introduce an approach to iSRL based on a predictive recurrent neural semantic frame model (PRNSFM) that uses a large unannotated corpus to learn the probability of a sequence of semantic arguments given a predicate. We leverage the sequence probabilities predicted by the PRNSFM to estimate selectional preferences for predicates and their arguments. On the NomBank iSRL test set, our approach improves state-of-the-art performance on implicit semantic role labeling with less reliance than prior work on manually constructed language resources.",
}
@inproceedings{lai-etal-2017-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Inference from Multiple Premises",
    author = "Lai, Alice  and
      Bisk, Yonatan  and
      Hockenmaier, Julia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1011",
    pages = "100--109",
    abstract = "We define a novel textual entailment task that requires inference over multiple premise sentences. We present a new dataset for this task that minimizes trivial lexical inferences, emphasizes knowledge of everyday events, and presents a more challenging setting for textual entailment. We evaluate several strong neural baselines and analyze how the multiple premise task differs from standard textual entailment.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-ku-2017-enabling,
    title = "Enabling Transitivity for Lexical Inference on {C}hinese Verbs Using Probabilistic Soft Logic",
    author = "Wang, Wei-Chung  and
      Ku, Lun-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1012",
    pages = "110--119",
    abstract = "To learn more knowledge, enabling transitivity is a vital step for lexical inference. However, most of the lexical inference models with good performance are for nouns or noun phrases, which cannot be directly applied to the inference on events or states. In this paper, we construct the largest Chinese verb lexical inference dataset containing 18,029 verb pairs, where for each pair one of four inference relations are annotated. We further build a probabilistic soft logic (PSL) model to infer verb lexicons using the logic language. With PSL, we easily enable transitivity in two layers, the observed layer and the feature layer, which are included in the knowledge base. We further discuss the effect of transitives within and between these layers. Results show the performance of the proposed PSL model can be improved at least 3.5{\%} (relative) when the transitivity is enabled. Furthermore, experiments show that enabling transitivity in the observed layer benefits the most.",
}
@inproceedings{junczys-dowmunt-grundkiewicz-2017-exploration,
    title = "An Exploration of Neural Sequence-to-Sequence Architectures for Automatic Post-Editing",
    author = "Junczys-Dowmunt, Marcin  and
      Grundkiewicz, Roman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1013",
    pages = "120--129",
    abstract = "In this work, we explore multiple neural architectures adapted for the task of automatic post-editing of machine translation output. We focus on neural end-to-end models that combine both inputs $mt$ (raw MT output) and $src$ (source language input) in a single neural architecture, modeling $\{mt, src\} \rightarrow pe$ directly. Apart from that, we investigate the influence of hard-attention models which seem to be well-suited for monolingual tasks, as well as combinations of both ideas. We report results on data sets provided during the WMT-2016 shared task on automatic post-editing and can demonstrate that dual-attention models that incorporate all available data in the APE scenario in a single model improve on the best shared task system and on all other published results after the shared task. Dual-attention models that are combined with hard attention remain competitive despite applying fewer changes to the input.",
}
@inproceedings{elliott-kadar-2017-imagination,
    title = "Imagination Improves Multimodal Translation",
    author = "Elliott, Desmond  and
      K{\'a}d{\'a}r, {\'A}kos",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1014",
    pages = "130--141",
    abstract = "We decompose multimodal translation into two sub-tasks: learning to translate and learning visually grounded representations. In a multitask learning framework, translations are learned in an attention-based encoder-decoder, and grounded representations are learned through image representation prediction. Our approach improves translation performance compared to the state of the art on the Multi30K dataset. Furthermore, it is equally effective if we train the image prediction task on the external MS COCO dataset, and we find improvements if we train the translation model on the external News Commentary parallel text.",
}
@inproceedings{dalvi-etal-2017-understanding,
    title = "Understanding and Improving Morphological Learning in the Neural Machine Translation Decoder",
    author = "Dalvi, Fahim  and
      Durrani, Nadir  and
      Sajjad, Hassan  and
      Belinkov, Yonatan  and
      Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1015",
    pages = "142--151",
    abstract = "End-to-end training makes the neural machine translation (NMT) architecture simpler, yet elegant compared to traditional statistical machine translation (SMT). However, little is known about linguistic patterns of morphology, syntax and semantics learned during the training of NMT systems, and more importantly, which parts of the architecture are responsible for learning each of these phenomenon. In this paper we i) analyze how much morphology an NMT decoder learns, and ii) investigate whether injecting target morphology in the decoder helps it to produce better translations. To this end we present three methods: i) simultaneous translation, ii) joint-data learning, and iii) multi-task learning. Our results show that explicit morphological information helps the decoder learn target language morphology and improves the translation quality by 0.2{--}0.6 BLEU points.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2017-improving,
    title = "Improving Neural Machine Translation through Phrase-based Forced Decoding",
    author = "Zhang, Jingyi  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Sumita, Eiichro  and
      Neubig, Graham  and
      Nakamura, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1016",
    pages = "152--162",
    abstract = "Compared to traditional statistical machine translation (SMT), neural machine translation (NMT) often sacrifices adequacy for the sake of fluency. We propose a method to combine the advantages of traditional SMT and NMT by exploiting an existing phrase-based SMT model to compute the phrase-based decoding cost for an NMT output and then using the phrase-based decoding cost to rerank the n-best NMT outputs. The main challenge in implementing this approach is that NMT outputs may not be in the search space of the standard phrase-based decoding algorithm, because the search space of phrase-based SMT is limited by the phrase-based translation rule table. We propose a soft forced decoding algorithm, which can always successfully find a decoding path for any NMT output. We show that using the forced decoding cost to rerank the NMT outputs can successfully improve translation quality on four different language pairs.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-xu-2017-convolutional,
    title = "Convolutional Neural Network with Word Embeddings for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Wang, Chunqi  and
      Xu, Bo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1017",
    pages = "163--172",
    abstract = "Character-based sequence labeling framework is flexible and efficient for Chinese word segmentation (CWS). Recently, many character-based neural models have been applied to CWS. While they obtain good performance, they have two obvious weaknesses. The first is that they heavily rely on manually designed bigram feature, i.e. they are not good at capturing $n$-gram features automatically. The second is that they make no use of full word information. For the first weakness, we propose a convolutional neural model, which is able to capture rich $n$-gram features without any feature engineering. For the second one, we propose an effective approach to integrate the proposed model with word embeddings. We evaluate the model on two benchmark datasets: PKU and MSR. Without any feature engineering, the model obtains competitive performance {---} 95.7{\%} on PKU and 97.3{\%} on MSR. Armed with word embeddings, the model achieves state-of-the-art performance on both datasets {---} 96.5{\%} on PKU and 98.0{\%} on MSR, without using any external labeled resource.",
}
@inproceedings{shao-etal-2017-character,
    title = "Character-based Joint Segmentation and {POS} Tagging for {C}hinese using Bidirectional {RNN}-{CRF}",
    author = {Shao, Yan  and
      Hardmeier, Christian  and
      Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg  and
      Nivre, Joakim},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1018",
    pages = "173--183",
    abstract = "We present a character-based model for joint segmentation and POS tagging for Chinese. The bidirectional RNN-CRF architecture for general sequence tagging is adapted and applied with novel vector representations of Chinese characters that capture rich contextual information and lower-than-character level features. The proposed model is extensively evaluated and compared with a state-of-the-art tagger respectively on CTB5, CTB9 and UD Chinese. The experimental results indicate that our model is accurate and robust across datasets in different sizes, genres and annotation schemes. We obtain state-of-the-art performance on CTB5, achieving 94.38 F1-score for joint segmentation and POS tagging.",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2017-addressing,
    title = "Addressing Domain Adaptation for {C}hinese Word Segmentation with Global Recurrent Structure",
    author = "Huang, Shen  and
      Sun, Xu  and
      Wang, Houfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1019",
    pages = "184--193",
    abstract = "Boundary features are widely used in traditional Chinese Word Segmentation (CWS) methods as they can utilize unlabeled data to help improve the Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) word recognition performance. Although various neural network methods for CWS have achieved performance competitive with state-of-the-art systems, these methods, constrained by the domain and size of the training corpus, do not work well in domain adaptation. In this paper, we propose a novel BLSTM-based neural network model which incorporates a global recurrent structure designed for modeling boundary features dynamically. Experiments show that the proposed structure can effectively boost the performance of Chinese Word Segmentation, especially OOV-Recall, which brings benefits to domain adaptation. We achieved state-of-the-art results on 6 domains of CNKI articles, and competitive results to the best reported on the 4 domains of SIGHAN Bakeoff 2010 data.",
}
@inproceedings{vishal-etal-2017-information,
    title = "Information Bottleneck Inspired Method For Chat Text Segmentation",
    author = "Vishal, S  and
      Yadav, Mohit  and
      Vig, Lovekesh  and
      Shroff, Gautam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1020",
    pages = "194--203",
    abstract = "We present a novel technique for segmenting chat conversations using the information bottleneck method (Tishby et al., 2000), augmented with sequential continuity constraints. Furthermore, we utilize critical non-textual clues such as time between two consecutive posts and people mentions within the posts. To ascertain the effectiveness of the proposed method, we have collected data from public Slack conversations and Fresco, a proprietary platform deployed inside our organization. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method yields an absolute (relative) improvement of as high as 3.23{\%} (11.25{\%}). To facilitate future research, we are releasing manual annotations for segmentation on public Slack conversations.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-distributional,
    title = "Distributional Modeling on a Diet: One-shot Word Learning from Text Only",
    author = "Wang, Su  and
      Roller, Stephen  and
      Erk, Katrin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1021",
    pages = "204--213",
    abstract = "We test whether distributional models can do one-shot learning of definitional properties from text only. Using Bayesian models, we find that first learning overarching structure in the known data, regularities in textual contexts and in properties, helps one-shot learning, and that individual context items can be highly informative.",
}
@inproceedings{park-myaeng-2017-computational,
    title = "A Computational Study on Word Meanings and Their Distributed Representations via Polymodal Embedding",
    author = "Park, Joohee  and
      Myaeng, Sung-hyon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1022",
    pages = "214--223",
    abstract = "A distributed representation has become a popular approach to capturing a word meaning. Besides its success and practical value, however, questions arise about the relationships between a true word meaning and its distributed representation. In this paper, we examine such a relationship via polymodal embedding approach inspired by the theory that humans tend to use diverse sources in developing a word meaning. The result suggests that the existing embeddings lack in capturing certain aspects of word meanings which can be significantly improved by the polymodal approach. Also, we show distinct characteristics of different types of words (e.g. concreteness) via computational studies. Finally, we show our proposed embedding method outperforms the baselines in the word similarity measure tasks and the hypernym prediction tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{konkol-etal-2017-geographical,
    title = "Geographical Evaluation of Word Embeddings",
    author = "Konkol, Michal  and
      Brychc{\'\i}n, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}}  and
      Nykl, Michal  and
      Hercig, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1023",
    pages = "224--232",
    abstract = "Word embeddings are commonly compared either with human-annotated word similarities or through improvements in natural language processing tasks. We propose a novel principle which compares the information from word embeddings with reality. We implement this principle by comparing the information in the word embeddings with geographical positions of cities. Our evaluation linearly transforms the semantic space to optimally fit the real positions of cities and measures the deviation between the position given by word embeddings and the real position. A set of well-known word embeddings with state-of-the-art results were evaluated. We also introduce a visualization that helps with error analysis.",
}
@inproceedings{cao-etal-2017-modeling,
    title = "On Modeling Sense Relatedness in Multi-prototype Word Embedding",
    author = "Cao, Yixin  and
      Shi, Jiaxin  and
      Li, Juanzi  and
      Liu, Zhiyuan  and
      Li, Chengjiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1024",
    pages = "233--242",
    abstract = "To enhance the expression ability of distributional word representation learning model, many researchers tend to induce word senses through clustering, and learn multiple embedding vectors for each word, namely multi-prototype word embedding model. However, most related work ignores the relatedness among word senses which actually plays an important role. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to capture word sense relatedness in multi-prototype word embedding model. Particularly, we differentiate the original sense and extended senses of a word by introducing their global occurrence information and model their relatedness through the local textual context information. Based on the idea of fuzzy clustering, we introduce a random process to integrate these two types of senses and design two non-parametric methods for word sense induction. To make our model more scalable and efficient, we use an online joint learning framework extended from the Skip-gram model. The experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms both conventional single-prototype embedding models and other multi-prototype embedding models, and achieves more stable performance when trained on smaller data.",
}
@inproceedings{takeda-komatani-2017-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Segmentation of Phoneme Sequences based on Pitman-Yor Semi-{M}arkov Model using Phoneme Length Context",
    author = "Takeda, Ryu  and
      Komatani, Kazunori",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1025",
    pages = "243--252",
    abstract = "Unsupervised segmentation of phoneme sequences is an essential process to obtain unknown words during spoken dialogues. In this segmentation, an input phoneme sequence without delimiters is converted into segmented sub-sequences corresponding to words. The Pitman-Yor semi-Markov model (PYSMM) is promising for this problem, but its performance degrades when it is applied to phoneme-level word segmentation. This is because of insufficient cues for the segmentation, e.g., homophones are improperly treated as single entries and their different contexts are also confused. We propose a phoneme-length context model for PYSMM to give a helpful cue at the phoneme-level and to predict succeeding segments more accurately. Our experiments showed that the peak performance with our context model outperformed those without such a context model by 0.045 at most in terms of F-measures of estimated segmentation.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-wallace-2017-sensitivity,
    title = "A Sensitivity Analysis of (and Practitioners{'} Guide to) Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification",
    author = "Zhang, Ye  and
      Wallace, Byron",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1026",
    pages = "253--263",
    abstract = "Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have recently achieved remarkably strong performance on the practically important task of sentence classification (Kim, 2014; Kalchbrenner et al., 2014; Johnson and Zhang, 2014; Zhang et al., 2016). However, these models require practitioners to specify an exact model architecture and set accompanying hyperparameters, including the filter region size, regularization parameters, and so on. It is currently unknown how sensitive model performance is to changes in these configurations for the task of sentence classification. We thus conduct a sensitivity analysis of one-layer CNNs to explore the effect of architecture components on model performance; our aim is to distinguish between important and comparatively inconsequential design decisions for sentence classification. We focus on one-layer CNNs (to the exclusion of more complex models) due to their comparative simplicity and strong empirical performance, which makes it a modern standard baseline method akin to Support Vector Machine (SVMs) and logistic regression. We derive practical advice from our extensive empirical results for those interested in getting the most out of CNNs for sentence classification in real world settings.",
}
@inproceedings{teranishi-etal-2017-coordination,
    title = "Coordination Boundary Identification with Similarity and Replaceability",
    author = "Teranishi, Hiroki  and
      Shindo, Hiroyuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1027",
    pages = "264--272",
    abstract = "We propose a neural network model for coordination boundary detection. Our method relies on the two common properties - similarity and replaceability in conjuncts - in order to detect both similar pairs of conjuncts and dissimilar pairs of conjuncts. The model improves identification of clause-level coordination using bidirectional RNNs incorporating two properties as features. We show that our model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods on the coordination annotated Penn Treebank and Genia corpus without any syntactic information from parsers.",
}
@inproceedings{ferret-2017-turning,
    title = "Turning Distributional Thesauri into Word Vectors for Synonym Extraction and Expansion",
    author = "Ferret, Olivier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1028",
    pages = "273--283",
    abstract = "In this article, we propose to investigate a new problem consisting in turning a distributional thesaurus into dense word vectors. We propose more precisely a method for performing such task by associating graph embedding and distributed representation adaptation. We have applied and evaluated it for English nouns at a large scale about its ability to retrieve synonyms. In this context, we have also illustrated the interest of the developed method for three different tasks: the improvement of already existing word embeddings, the fusion of heterogeneous representations and the expansion of synsets.",
}
@inproceedings{nieto-pina-johansson-2017-training,
    title = "Training Word Sense Embeddings With Lexicon-based Regularization",
    author = "Nieto-Pi{\~n}a, Luis  and
      Johansson, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1029",
    pages = "284--294",
    abstract = "We propose to improve word sense embeddings by enriching an automatic corpus-based method with lexicographic data. Information from a lexicon is introduced into the learning algorithm{'}s objective function through a regularizer. The incorporation of lexicographic data yields embeddings that are able to reflect expert-defined word senses, while retaining the robustness, high quality, and coverage of automatic corpus-based methods. These properties are observed in a manual inspection of the semantic clusters that different degrees of regularizer strength create in the vector space. Moreover, we evaluate the sense embeddings in two downstream applications: word sense disambiguation and semantic frame prediction, where they outperform simpler approaches. Our results show that a corpus-based model balanced with lexicographic data learns better representations and improve their performance in downstream tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{alva-manchego-etal-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning How to Simplify From Explicit Labeling of Complex-Simplified Text Pairs",
    author = "Alva-Manchego, Fernando  and
      Bingel, Joachim  and
      Paetzold, Gustavo  and
      Scarton, Carolina  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1030",
    pages = "295--305",
    abstract = "Current research in text simplification has been hampered by two central problems: (i) the small amount of high-quality parallel simplification data available, and (ii) the lack of explicit annotations of simplification operations, such as deletions or substitutions, on existing data. While the recently introduced Newsela corpus has alleviated the first problem, simplifications still need to be learned directly from parallel text using black-box, end-to-end approaches rather than from explicit annotations. These complex-simple parallel sentence pairs often differ to such a high degree that generalization becomes difficult. End-to-end models also make it hard to interpret what is actually learned from data. We propose a method that decomposes the task of TS into its sub-problems. We devise a way to automatically identify operations in a parallel corpus and introduce a sequence-labeling approach based on these annotations. Finally, we provide insights on the types of transformations that different approaches can model.",
}
@inproceedings{biran-mckeown-2017-domain,
    title = "Domain-Adaptable Hybrid Generation of {RDF} Entity Descriptions",
    author = "Biran, Or  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1031",
    pages = "306--315",
    abstract = "RDF ontologies provide structured data on entities in many domains and continue to grow in size and diversity. While they can be useful as a starting point for generating descriptions of entities, they often miss important information about an entity that cannot be captured as simple relations. In addition, generic approaches to generation from RDF cannot capture the unique style and content of specific domains. We describe a framework for hybrid generation of entity descriptions, which combines generation from RDF data with text extracted from a corpus, and extracts unique aspects of the domain from the corpus to create domain-specific generation systems. We show that each component of our approach significantly increases the satisfaction of readers with the text across multiple applications and domains.",
}
@inproceedings{pouriyeh-etal-2017-es,
    title = "{ES}-{LDA}: Entity Summarization using Knowledge-based Topic Modeling",
    author = "Pouriyeh, Seyedamin  and
      Allahyari, Mehdi  and
      Kochut, Krzysztof  and
      Cheng, Gong  and
      Arabnia, Hamid Reza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1032",
    pages = "316--325",
    abstract = "With the advent of the Internet, the amount of Semantic Web documents that describe real-world entities and their inter-links as a set of statements have grown considerably. These descriptions are usually lengthy, which makes the utilization of the underlying entities a difficult task. Entity summarization, which aims to create summaries for real-world entities, has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic topic model, ES-LDA, that combines prior knowledge with statistical learning techniques within a single framework to create more reliable and representative summaries for entities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by conducting extensive experiments and show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques and enhances the quality of the entity summaries.",
}
@inproceedings{ushiku-etal-2017-procedural,
    title = "Procedural Text Generation from an Execution Video",
    author = "Ushiku, Atsushi  and
      Hashimoto, Hayato  and
      Hashimoto, Atsushi  and
      Mori, Shinsuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1033",
    pages = "326--335",
    abstract = "In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in automatically describing images or videos in a natural language. These descriptions are useful for image/video search, etc. In this paper, we focus on procedure execution videos, in which a human makes or repairs something and propose a method for generating procedural texts from them. Since video/text pairs available are limited in size, the direct application of end-to-end deep learning is not feasible. Thus we propose to train Faster R-CNN network for object recognition and LSTM for text generation and combine them at run time. We took pairs of recipe and cooking video, generated a recipe from a video, and compared it with the original recipe. The experimental results showed that our method can produce a recipe as accurate as the state-of-the-art scene descriptions.",
}
@inproceedings{gan-gong-2017-text,
    title = "Text Sentiment Analysis based on Fusion of Structural Information and Serialization Information",
    author = "Gan, Ling  and
      Gong, Houyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1034",
    pages = "336--341",
    abstract = "Tree-structured Long Short-Term Memory (Tree-LSTM) has been proved to be an effective method in the sentiment analysis task. It extracts structural information on text, and uses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cell to prevent gradient vanish. However, though combining the LSTM cell, it is still a kind of model that extracts the structural information and almost not extracts serialization information. In this paper, we propose three new models in order to combine those two kinds of information: the structural information generated by the Constituency Tree-LSTM and the serialization information generated by Long-Short Term Memory neural network. Our experiments show that combining those two kinds of information can give contributes to the performance of the sentiment analysis task compared with the single Constituency Tree-LSTM model and the LSTM model.",
}
@inproceedings{potash-etal-2017-length,
    title = "Length, Interchangeability, and External Knowledge: Observations from Predicting Argument Convincingness",
    author = "Potash, Peter  and
      Bhattacharya, Robin  and
      Rumshisky, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1035",
    pages = "342--351",
    abstract = "In this work, we provide insight into three key aspects related to predicting argument convincingness. First, we explicitly display the power that text length possesses for predicting convincingness in an unsupervised setting. Second, we show that a bag-of-words embedding model posts state-of-the-art on a dataset of arguments annotated for convincingness, outperforming an SVM with numerous hand-crafted features as well as recurrent neural network models that attempt to capture semantic composition. Finally, we assess the feasibility of integrating external knowledge when predicting convincingness, as arguments are often more convincing when they contain abundant information and facts. We finish by analyzing the correlations between the various models we propose.",
}
@inproceedings{duan-etal-2017-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Document Level Information to Improve Event Detection via Recurrent Neural Networks",
    author = "Duan, Shaoyang  and
      He, Ruifang  and
      Zhao, Wenli",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1036",
    pages = "352--361",
    abstract = "This paper tackles the task of event detection, which involves identifying and categorizing events. The previous work mainly exist two problems: (1) the traditional feature-based methods apply cross-sentence information, yet need taking a large amount of human effort to design complicated feature sets and inference rules; (2) the representation-based methods though overcome the problem of manually extracting features, while just depend on local sentence representation. Considering local sentence context is insufficient to resolve ambiguities in identifying particular event types, therefore, we propose a novel document level Recurrent Neural Networks (DLRNN) model, which can automatically extract cross-sentence clues to improve sentence level event detection without designing complex reasoning rules. Experiment results show that our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on ACE 2005 dataset without external knowledge base.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2017-embracing,
    title = "Embracing Non-Traditional Linguistic Resources for Low-resource Language Name Tagging",
    author = "Zhang, Boliang  and
      Lu, Di  and
      Pan, Xiaoman  and
      Lin, Ying  and
      Abudukelimu, Halidanmu  and
      Ji, Heng  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1037",
    pages = "362--372",
    abstract = "Current supervised name tagging approaches are inadequate for most low-resource languages due to the lack of annotated data and actionable linguistic knowledge. All supervised learning methods (including deep neural networks (DNN)) are sensitive to noise and thus they are not quite portable without massive clean annotations. We found that the F-scores of DNN-based name taggers drop rapidly (20{\%}-30{\%}) when we replace clean manual annotations with noisy annotations in the training data. We propose a new solution to incorporate many non-traditional language universal resources that are readily available but rarely explored in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community, such as the World Atlas of Linguistic Structure, CIA names, PanLex and survival guides. We acquire and encode various types of non-traditional linguistic resources into a DNN name tagger. Experiments on three low-resource languages show that feeding linguistic knowledge can make DNN significantly more robust to noise, achieving 8{\%}-22{\%} absolute F-score gains on name tagging without using any human annotation",
}
@inproceedings{skadina-pinnis-2017-nmt,
    title = "{NMT} or {SMT}: Case Study of a Narrow-domain {E}nglish-{L}atvian Post-editing Project",
    author = "Skadi{\c{n}}a, Inguna  and
      Pinnis, M{\=a}rcis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1038",
    pages = "373--383",
    abstract = "The recent technological shift in machine translation from statistical machine translation (SMT) to neural machine translation (NMT) raises the question of the strengths and weaknesses of NMT. In this paper, we present an analysis of NMT and SMT systems{'} outputs from narrow domain English-Latvian MT systems that were trained on a rather small amount of data. We analyze post-edits produced by professional translators and manually annotated errors in these outputs. Analysis of post-edits allowed us to conclude that both approaches are comparably successful, allowing for an increase in translators{'} productivity, with the NMT system showing slightly worse results. Through the analysis of annotated errors, we found that NMT translations are more fluent than SMT translations. However, errors related to accuracy, especially, mistranslation and omission errors, occur more often in NMT outputs. The word form errors, that characterize the morphological richness of Latvian, are frequent for both systems, but slightly fewer in NMT outputs.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-towards,
    title = "Towards Neural Machine Translation with Partially Aligned Corpora",
    author = "Wang, Yining  and
      Zhao, Yang  and
      Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Zong, Chengqing  and
      Xue, Zhengshan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1039",
    pages = "384--393",
    abstract = "While neural machine translation (NMT) has become the new paradigm, the parameter optimization requires large-scale parallel data which is scarce in many domains and language pairs. In this paper, we address a new translation scenario in which there only exists monolingual corpora and phrase pairs. We propose a new method towards translation with partially aligned sentence pairs which are derived from the phrase pairs and monolingual corpora. To make full use of the partially aligned corpora, we adapt the conventional NMT training method in two aspects. On one hand, different generation strategies are designed for aligned and unaligned target words. On the other hand, a different objective function is designed to model the partially aligned parts. The experiments demonstrate that our method can achieve a relatively good result in such a translation scenario, and tiny bitexts can boost translation quality to a large extent.",
}
@inproceedings{lahiri-etal-2017-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Usage Expression Sentences in Consumer Product Reviews",
    author = "Lahiri, Shibamouli  and
      Vydiswaran, V.G.Vinod  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1040",
    pages = "394--403",
    abstract = "In this paper we introduce the problem of identifying usage expression sentences in a consumer product review. We create a human-annotated gold standard dataset of 565 reviews spanning five distinct product categories. Our dataset consists of more than 3,000 annotated sentences. We further introduce a classification system to label sentences according to whether or not they describe some {``}usage{''}. The system combines lexical, syntactic, and semantic features in a product-agnostic fashion to yield good classification performance. We show the effectiveness of our approach using importance ranking of features, error analysis, and cross-product classification experiments.",
}
@inproceedings{asahara-kato-2017-reading,
    title = "Between Reading Time and Syntactic/Semantic Categories",
    author = "Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Kato, Sachi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1041",
    pages = "404--412",
    abstract = "This article presents a contrastive analysis between reading time and syntactic/semantic categories in Japanese. We overlaid the reading time annotation of BCCWJ-EyeTrack and a syntactic/semantic category information annotation on the {`}Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese{'}. Statistical analysis based on a mixed linear model showed that verbal phrases tend to have shorter reading times than adjectives, adverbial phrases, or nominal phrases. The results suggest that the preceding phrases associated with the presenting phrases promote the reading process to shorten the gazing time.",
}
@inproceedings{ghaddar-langlais-2017-winer,
    title = "{W}i{NER}: A {W}ikipedia Annotated Corpus for Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Ghaddar, Abbas  and
      Langlais, Phillippe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1042",
    pages = "413--422",
    abstract = "We revisit the idea of mining Wikipedia in order to generate named-entity annotations. We propose a new methodology that we applied to English Wikipedia to build WiNER, a large, high quality, annotated corpus. We evaluate its usefulness on 6 NER tasks, comparing 4 popular state-of-the art approaches. We show that LSTM-CRF is the approach that benefits the most from our corpus. We report impressive gains with this model when using a small portion of WiNER on top of the CONLL training material. Last, we propose a simple but efficient method for exploiting the full range of WiNER, leading to further improvements.",
}
@inproceedings{lakomkin-etal-2017-reusing,
    title = "Reusing Neural Speech Representations for Auditory Emotion Recognition",
    author = "Lakomkin, Egor  and
      Weber, Cornelius  and
      Magg, Sven  and
      Wermter, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1043",
    pages = "423--430",
    abstract = "Acoustic emotion recognition aims to categorize the affective state of the speaker and is still a difficult task for machine learning models. The difficulties come from the scarcity of training data, general subjectivity in emotion perception resulting in low annotator agreement, and the uncertainty about which features are the most relevant and robust ones for classification. In this paper, we will tackle the latter problem. Inspired by the recent success of transfer learning methods we propose a set of architectures which utilize neural representations inferred by training on large speech databases for the acoustic emotion recognition task. Our experiments on the IEMOCAP dataset show {\textasciitilde}10{\%} relative improvements in the accuracy and F1-score over the baseline recurrent neural network which is trained end-to-end for emotion recognition.",
}
@inproceedings{tjandra-etal-2017-local,
    title = "Local Monotonic Attention Mechanism for End-to-End Speech And Language Processing",
    author = "Tjandra, Andros  and
      Sakti, Sakriani  and
      Nakamura, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1044",
    pages = "431--440",
    abstract = "Recently, encoder-decoder neural networks have shown impressive performance on many sequence-related tasks. The architecture commonly uses an attentional mechanism which allows the model to learn alignments between the source and the target sequence. Most attentional mechanisms used today is based on a global attention property which requires a computation of a weighted summarization of the whole input sequence generated by encoder states. However, it is computationally expensive and often produces misalignment on the longer input sequence. Furthermore, it does not fit with monotonous or left-to-right nature in several tasks, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR), grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P), etc. In this paper, we propose a novel attention mechanism that has local and monotonic properties. Various ways to control those properties are also explored. Experimental results on ASR, G2P and machine translation between two languages with similar sentence structures, demonstrate that the proposed encoder-decoder model with local monotonic attention could achieve significant performance improvements and reduce the computational complexity in comparison with the one that used the standard global attention architecture.",
}
@inproceedings{salton-etal-2017-attentive,
    title = "Attentive Language Models",
    author = "Salton, Giancarlo  and
      Ross, Robert  and
      Kelleher, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1045",
    pages = "441--450",
    abstract = "In this paper, we extend Recurrent Neural Network Language Models (RNN-LMs) with an attention mechanism. We show that an {``}attentive{''} RNN-LM (with 11M parameters) achieves a better perplexity than larger RNN-LMs (with 66M parameters) and achieves performance comparable to an ensemble of 10 similar sized RNN-LMs. We also show that an {``}attentive{''} RNN-LM needs less contextual information to achieve similar results to the state-of-the-art on the wikitext2 dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{murawaki-2017-diachrony,
    title = "Diachrony-aware Induction of Binary Latent Representations from Typological Features",
    author = "Murawaki, Yugo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1046",
    pages = "451--461",
    abstract = "Although features of linguistic typology are a promising alternative to lexical evidence for tracing evolutionary history of languages, a large number of missing values in the dataset pose serious difficulties for statistical modeling. In this paper, we combine two existing approaches to the problem: (1) the synchronic approach that focuses on interdependencies between features and (2) the diachronic approach that exploits phylogenetically- and/or spatially-related languages. Specifically, we propose a Bayesian model that (1) represents each language as a sequence of binary latent parameters encoding inter-feature dependencies and (2) relates a language{'}s parameters to those of its phylogenetic and spatial neighbors. Experiments show that the proposed model recovers missing values more accurately than others and that induced representations retain phylogenetic and spatial signals observed for surface features.",
}
@inproceedings{mostafazadeh-etal-2017-image,
    title = "Image-Grounded Conversations: Multimodal Context for Natural Question and Response Generation",
    author = "Mostafazadeh, Nasrin  and
      Brockett, Chris  and
      Dolan, Bill  and
      Galley, Michel  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Spithourakis, Georgios  and
      Vanderwende, Lucy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1047",
    pages = "462--472",
    abstract = "The popularity of image sharing on social media and the engagement it creates between users reflect the important role that visual context plays in everyday conversations. We present a novel task, Image Grounded Conversations (IGC), in which natural-sounding conversations are generated about a shared image. To benchmark progress, we introduce a new multiple reference dataset of crowd-sourced, event-centric conversations on images. IGC falls on the continuum between chit-chat and goal-directed conversation models, where visual grounding constrains the topic of conversation to event-driven utterances. Experiments with models trained on social media data show that the combination of visual and textual context enhances the quality of generated conversational turns. In human evaluation, the gap between human performance and that of both neural and retrieval architectures suggests that multi-modal IGC presents an interesting challenge for dialog research.",
}
@inproceedings{kobayashi-etal-2017-neural,
    title = "A Neural Language Model for Dynamically Representing the Meanings of Unknown Words and Entities in a Discourse",
    author = "Kobayashi, Sosuke  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1048",
    pages = "473--483",
    abstract = "This study addresses the problem of identifying the meaning of unknown words or entities in a discourse with respect to the word embedding approaches used in neural language models. We proposed a method for on-the-fly construction and exploitation of word embeddings in both the input and output layers of a neural model by tracking contexts. This extends the dynamic entity representation used in Kobayashi et al. (2016) and incorporates a copy mechanism proposed independently by Gu et al. (2016) and Gulcehre et al. (2016). In addition, we construct a new task and dataset called Anonymized Language Modeling for evaluating the ability to capture word meanings while reading. Experiments conducted using our novel dataset show that the proposed variant of RNN language model outperformed the baseline model. Furthermore, the experiments also demonstrate that dynamic updates of an output layer help a model predict reappearing entities, whereas those of an input layer are effective to predict words following reappearing entities.",
}
@inproceedings{shi-etal-2017-using,
    title = "Using Explicit Discourse Connectives in Translation for Implicit Discourse Relation Classification",
    author = "Shi, Wei  and
      Yung, Frances  and
      Rubino, Raphael  and
      Demberg, Vera",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1049",
    pages = "484--495",
    abstract = "Implicit discourse relation recognition is an extremely challenging task due to the lack of indicative connectives. Various neural network architectures have been proposed for this task recently, but most of them suffer from the shortage of labeled data. In this paper, we address this problem by procuring additional training data from parallel corpora: When humans translate a text, they sometimes add connectives (a process known as \textit{explicitation}). Weautomatically back-translate it into an English connective and use it to infera label with high confidence. We show that a training set several times largerthan the original training set can be generated this way. With the extralabeled instances, we show that even a simple bidirectional Long Short-TermMemory Network can outperform the current state-of-the-art.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-tag,
    title = "Tag-Enhanced Tree-Structured Neural Networks for Implicit Discourse Relation Classification",
    author = "Wang, Yizhong  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Yang, Jingfeng  and
      Sun, Xu  and
      Wang, Houfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1050",
    pages = "496--505",
    abstract = "Identifying implicit discourse relations between text spans is a challenging task because it requires understanding the meaning of the text. To tackle this task, recent studies have tried several deep learning methods but few of them exploited the syntactic information. In this work, we explore the idea of incorporating syntactic parse tree into neural networks. Specifically, we employ the Tree-LSTM model and Tree-GRU model, which is based on the tree structure, to encode the arguments in a relation. And we further leverage the constituent tags to control the semantic composition process in these tree-structured neural networks. Experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on PDTB corpus.",
}
@inproceedings{abdalla-hirst-2017-cross,
    title = "Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis Without (Good) Translation",
    author = "Abdalla, Mohamed  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1051",
    pages = "506--515",
    abstract = "Current approaches to cross-lingual sentiment analysis try to leverage the wealth of labeled English data using bilingual lexicons, bilingual vector space embeddings, or machine translation systems. Here we show that it is possible to use a single linear transformation, with as few as 2000 word pairs, to capture fine-grained sentiment relationships between words in a cross-lingual setting. We apply these cross-lingual sentiment models to a diverse set of tasks to demonstrate their functionality in a non-English context. By effectively leveraging English sentiment knowledge without the need for accurate translation, we can analyze and extract features from other languages with scarce data at a very low cost, thus making sentiment and related analyses for many languages inexpensive.",
}
@inproceedings{gao-etal-2017-implicit,
    title = "Implicit Syntactic Features for Target-dependent Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Gao, Yuze  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Xiao, Tong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1052",
    pages = "516--524",
    abstract = "Targeted sentiment analysis investigates the sentiment polarities on given target mentions from input texts. Different from sentence level sentiment, it offers more fine-grained knowledge on each entity mention. While early work leveraged syntactic information, recent research has used neural representation learning to induce features automatically, thereby avoiding error propagation of syntactic parsers, which are particularly severe on social media texts. We study a method to leverage syntactic information without explicitly building the parser outputs, by training an encoder-decoder structure parser model on standard syntactic treebanks, and then leveraging its hidden encoder layers when analysing tweets. Such hidden vectors do not contain explicit syntactic outputs, yet encode rich syntactic features. We use them to augment the inputs to a baseline state-of-the-art targeted sentiment classifier, observing significant improvements on various benchmark datasets. We obtain the best accuracies on all test sets.",
}
@inproceedings{tamilselvam-etal-2017-graph,
    title = "Graph Based Sentiment Aggregation using {C}oncept{N}et Ontology",
    author = "Tamilselvam, Srikanth  and
      Nagar, Seema  and
      Mishra, Abhijit  and
      Dey, Kuntal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1053",
    pages = "525--535",
    abstract = "The sentiment aggregation problem accounts for analyzing the sentiment of a user towards various aspects/features of a product, and meaningfully assimilating the pragmatic significance of these features/aspects from an opinionated text. The current paper addresses the sentiment aggregation problem, by assigning weights to each aspect appearing in the user-generated content, that are proportionate to the strategic importance of the aspect in the pragmatic domain. The novelty of this paper is in computing the pragmatic significance (weight) of each aspect, using graph centrality measures (applied on domain specific ontology-graphs extracted from ConceptNet), and deeply ingraining these weights while aggregating the sentiments from opinionated text. We experiment over multiple real-life product review data. Our system consistently outperforms the state of the art - by as much as a F-score of 20.39{\%} in one case.",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-nguyen-2017-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Modeling with Deep Neural Architecture using Lexicon and Character Attention Mechanism for Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Nguyen, Huy Thanh  and
      Nguyen, Minh Le",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1054",
    pages = "536--544",
    abstract = "Tweet-level sentiment classification in Twitter social networking has many challenges: exploiting syntax, semantic, sentiment, and context in tweets. To address these problems, we propose a novel approach to sentiment analysis that uses lexicon features for building lexicon embeddings (LexW2Vs) and generates character attention vectors (CharAVs) by using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DeepCNN). Our approach integrates LexW2Vs and CharAVs with continuous word embeddings (ContinuousW2Vs) and dependency-based word embeddings (DependencyW2Vs) simultaneously in order to increase information for each word into a Bidirectional Contextual Gated Recurrent Neural Network (Bi-CGRNN). We evaluate our model on two Twitter sentiment classification datasets. Experimental results show that our model can improve the classification accuracy of sentence-level sentiment analysis in Twitter social networking.",
}
@inproceedings{jin-etal-2017-combining,
    title = "Combining Lightly-Supervised Text Classification Models for Accurate Contextual Advertising",
    author = "Jin, Yiping  and
      Wanvarie, Dittaya  and
      Le, Phu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1055",
    pages = "545--554",
    abstract = "In this paper we propose a lightly-supervised framework to rapidly build text classifiers for contextual advertising. Traditionally text classification techniques require labeled training documents for each predefined class. In the scenario of contextual advertising, advertisers often want to target to a specific class of webpages most relevant to their product or service, which may not be covered by a pre-trained classifier. Moreover, the advertisers are interested in whether a webpage is {``}relevant{''} or {``}irrelevant{''}. It is time-consuming to solicit the advertisers for reliable training signals for the negative class. Therefore, it is more suitable to model the problem as a one-class classification problem, in contrast to traditional classification problems where disjoint classes are defined a priori. We first apply two state-of-the-art lightly-supervised classification models, generalized expectation (GE) criteria (Druck et al., 2008) and multinomial naive Bayes (MNB) with priors (Settles, 2011) to one-class classification where the user only needs to provide a small list of labeled words for the target class. To combine the strengths of the two models, we fuse them together by using MNB to automatically enrich the constraints for GE training. We also explore ensemble method to combine classifiers. On a corpus of webpages from real-time bidding requests, the proposed model achieves the highest average F1 of 0.69 and closes more than half of the gap between previous state-of-the-art lightly-supervised models to a fully-supervised MaxEnt model.",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2017-capturing,
    title = "Capturing Long-range Contextual Dependencies with Memory-enhanced Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Liu, Fei  and
      Baldwin, Timothy  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1056",
    pages = "555--565",
    abstract = "Despite successful applications across a broad range of NLP tasks, conditional random fields ({``}CRFs{''}), in particular the linear-chain variant, are only able to model local features. While this has important benefits in terms of inference tractability, it limits the ability of the model to capture long-range dependencies between items. Attempts to extend CRFs to capture long-range dependencies have largely come at the cost of computational complexity and approximate inference. In this work, we propose an extension to CRFs by integrating external memory, taking inspiration from memory networks, thereby allowing CRFs to incorporate information far beyond neighbouring steps. Experiments across two tasks show substantial improvements over strong CRF and LSTM baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{tran-etal-2017-named,
    title = "Named Entity Recognition with Stack Residual {LSTM} and Trainable Bias Decoding",
    author = "Tran, Quan  and
      MacKinlay, Andrew  and
      Jimeno Yepes, Antonio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1057",
    pages = "566--575",
    abstract = "Recurrent Neural Network models are the state-of-the-art for Named Entity Recognition (NER). We present two innovations to improve the performance of these models. The first innovation is the introduction of residual connections between the Stacked Recurrent Neural Network model to address the degradation problem of deep neural networks. The second innovation is a bias decoding mechanism that allows the trained system to adapt to non-differentiable and externally computed objectives, such as the entity-based F-measure. Our work improves the state-of-the-art results for both Spanish and English languages on the standard train/development/test split of the CoNLL 2003 Shared Task NER dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{das-ghosh-2017-neuramanteau,
    title = "{N}euramanteau: A Neural Network Ensemble Model for Lexical Blends",
    author = "Das, Kollol  and
      Ghosh, Shaona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1058",
    pages = "576--583",
    abstract = "The problem of blend formation in generative linguistics is interesting in the context of neologism, their quick adoption in modern life and the creative generative process guiding their formation. Blend quality depends on multitude of factors with high degrees of uncertainty. In this work, we investigate if the modern neural network models can sufficiently capture and recognize the creative blend composition process. We propose recurrent neural network sequence-to-sequence models, that are evaluated on multiple blend datasets available in the literature. We propose an ensemble neural and hybrid model that outperforms most of the baselines and heuristic models upon evaluation on test data.",
}
@inproceedings{ferracane-etal-2017-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Discourse Information Effectively for Authorship Attribution",
    author = "Ferracane, Elisa  and
      Wang, Su  and
      Mooney, Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1059",
    pages = "584--593",
    abstract = "We explore techniques to maximize the effectiveness of discourse information in the task of authorship attribution. We present a novel method to embed discourse features in a Convolutional Neural Network text classifier, which achieves a state-of-the-art result by a significant margin. We empirically investigate several featurization methods to understand the conditions under which discourse features contribute non-trivial performance gains, and analyze discourse embeddings.",
}
@inproceedings{persing-ng-2017-lightly,
    title = "Lightly-Supervised Modeling of Argument Persuasiveness",
    author = "Persing, Isaac  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1060",
    pages = "594--604",
    abstract = "We propose the first lightly-supervised approach to scoring an argument{'}s persuasiveness. Key to our approach is the novel hypothesis that lightly-supervised persuasiveness scoring is possible by explicitly modeling the major errors that negatively impact persuasiveness. In an evaluation on a new annotated corpus of online debate arguments, our approach rivals its fully-supervised counterparts in performance by four scoring metrics when using only 10{\%} of the available training instances.",
}
@inproceedings{luan-etal-2017-multi,
    title = "Multi-Task Learning for Speaker-Role Adaptation in Neural Conversation Models",
    author = "Luan, Yi  and
      Brockett, Chris  and
      Dolan, Bill  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Galley, Michel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1061",
    pages = "605--614",
    abstract = "Building a persona-based conversation agent is challenging owing to the lack of large amounts of speaker-specific conversation data for model training. This paper addresses the problem by proposing a multi-task learning approach to training neural conversation models that leverages both conversation data across speakers and other types of data pertaining to the speaker and speaker roles to be modeled. Experiments show that our approach leads to significant improvements over baseline model quality, generating responses that capture more precisely speakers{'} traits and speaking styles. The model offers the benefits of being algorithmically simple and easy to implement, and not relying on large quantities of data representing specific individual speakers.",
}
@inproceedings{mehri-carenini-2017-chat,
    title = "Chat Disentanglement: Identifying Semantic Reply Relationships with Random Forests and Recurrent Neural Networks",
    author = "Mehri, Shikib  and
      Carenini, Giuseppe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1062",
    pages = "615--623",
    abstract = "Thread disentanglement is a precursor to any high-level analysis of multiparticipant chats. Existing research approaches the problem by calculating the likelihood of two messages belonging in the same thread. Our approach leverages a newly annotated dataset to identify reply relationships. Furthermore, we explore the usage of an RNN, along with large quantities of unlabeled data, to learn semantic relationships between messages. Our proposed pipeline, which utilizes a reply classifier and an RNN to generate a set of disentangled threads, is novel and performs well against previous work.",
}
@inproceedings{schulder-etal-2017-towards,
    title = "Towards Bootstrapping a Polarity Shifter Lexicon using Linguistic Features",
    author = "Schulder, Marc  and
      Wiegand, Michael  and
      Ruppenhofer, Josef  and
      Roth, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1063",
    pages = "624--633",
    abstract = "We present a major step towards the creation of the first high-coverage lexicon of polarity shifters. In this work, we bootstrap a lexicon of verbs by exploiting various linguistic features. Polarity shifters, such as {``}abandon{''}, are similar to negations (e.g. {``}not{''}) in that they move the polarity of a phrase towards its inverse, as in {``}abandon all hope{''}. While there exist lists of negation words, creating comprehensive lists of polarity shifters is far more challenging due to their sheer number. On a sample of manually annotated verbs we examine a variety of linguistic features for this task. Then we build a supervised classifier to increase coverage. We show that this approach drastically reduces the annotation effort while ensuring a high-precision lexicon. We also show that our acquired knowledge of verbal polarity shifters improves phrase-level sentiment analysis.",
}
@inproceedings{ma-etal-2017-cascading,
    title = "Cascading Multiway Attentions for Document-level Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Ma, Dehong  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Zhang, Xiaodong  and
      Wang, Houfeng  and
      Sun, Xu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1064",
    pages = "634--643",
    abstract = "Document-level sentiment classification aims to assign the user reviews a sentiment polarity. Previous methods either just utilized the document content without consideration of user and product information, or did not comprehensively consider what roles the three kinds of information play in text modeling. In this paper, to reasonably use all the information, we present the idea that user, product and their combination can all influence the generation of attentions to words and sentences, when judging the sentiment of a document. With this idea, we propose a cascading multiway attention (CMA) model, where multiple ways of using user and product information are cascaded to influence the generation of attentions on the word and sentence layers. Then, sentences and documents are well modeled by multiple representation vectors, which provide rich information for sentiment classification. Experiments on IMDB and Yelp datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-nguyen-2017-ensemble,
    title = "An Ensemble Method with Sentiment Features and Clustering Support",
    author = "Nguyen, Huy Tien  and
      Nguyen, Minh Le",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1065",
    pages = "644--653",
    abstract = "Deep learning models have recently been applied successfully in natural language processing, especially sentiment analysis. Each deep learning model has a particular advantage, but it is difficult to combine these advantages into one model, especially in the area of sentiment analysis. In our approach, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) were utilized to learn sentiment-specific features in a freezing scheme. This scenario provides a novel and efficient way for integrating advantages of deep learning models. In addition, we also grouped documents into clusters by their similarity and applied the prediction score of Naive Bayes SVM (NBSVM) method to boost the classification accuracy of each group. The experiments show that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on two well-known datasets: IMDB large movie reviews for document level and Pang {\&} Lee movie reviews for sentence level.",
}
@inproceedings{yu-jiang-2017-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Auxiliary Tasks for Document-Level Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification",
    author = "Yu, Jianfei  and
      Jiang, Jing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1066",
    pages = "654--663",
    abstract = "In this paper, we study domain adaptation with a state-of-the-art hierarchical neural network for document-level sentiment classification. We first design a new auxiliary task based on sentiment scores of domain-independent words. We then propose two neural network architectures to respectively induce document embeddings and sentence embeddings that work well for different domains. When these document and sentence embeddings are used for sentiment classification, we find that with both pseudo and external sentiment lexicons, our proposed methods can perform similarly to or better than several highly competitive domain adaptation methods on a benchmark dataset of product reviews.",
}
@inproceedings{wilson-mihalcea-2017-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Semantic Relations between Human Activities",
    author = "Wilson, Steven  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1067",
    pages = "664--673",
    abstract = "The things people do in their daily lives can provide valuable insights into their personality, values, and interests. Unstructured text data on social media platforms are rich in behavioral content, and automated systems can be deployed to learn about human activity on a broad scale if these systems are able to reason about the content of interest. In order to aid in the evaluation of such systems, we introduce a new phrase-level semantic textual similarity dataset comprised of human activity phrases, providing a testbed for automated systems that analyze relationships between phrasal descriptions of people{'}s actions. Our set of 1,000 pairs of activities is annotated by human judges across four relational dimensions including similarity, relatedness, motivational alignment, and perceived actor congruence. We evaluate a set of strong baselines for the task of generating scores that correlate highly with human ratings, and we introduce several new approaches to the phrase-level similarity task in the domain of human activities.",
}
@inproceedings{min-etal-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning Transferable Representation for Bilingual Relation Extraction via Convolutional Neural Networks",
    author = "Min, Bonan  and
      Jiang, Zhuolin  and
      Freedman, Marjorie  and
      Weischedel, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1068",
    pages = "674--684",
    abstract = "Typically, relation extraction models are trained to extract instances of a relation ontology using only training data from a single language. However, the concepts represented by the relation ontology (e.g. ResidesIn, EmployeeOf) are language independent. The numbers of annotated examples available for a given ontology vary between languages. For example, there are far fewer annotated examples in Spanish and Japanese than English and Chinese. Furthermore, using only language-specific training data results in the need to manually annotate equivalently large amounts of training for each new language a system encounters. We propose a deep neural network to learn transferable, discriminative bilingual representation. Experiments on the ACE 2005 multilingual training corpus demonstrate that the joint training process results in significant improvement in relation classification performance over the monolingual counterparts. The learnt representation is discriminative and transferable between languages. When using 10{\%} (25K English words, or 30K Chinese characters) of the training data, our approach results in doubling F1 compared to a monolingual baseline. We achieve comparable performance to the monolingual system trained with 250K English words (or 300K Chinese characters) With 50{\%} of training data.",
}
@inproceedings{hazem-morin-2017-bilingual,
    title = "Bilingual Word Embeddings for Bilingual Terminology Extraction from Specialized Comparable Corpora",
    author = "Hazem, Amir  and
      Morin, Emmanuel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1069",
    pages = "685--693",
    abstract = "Bilingual lexicon extraction from comparable corpora is constrained by the small amount of available data when dealing with specialized domains. This aspect penalizes the performance of distributional-based approaches, which is closely related to the reliability of word{'}s cooccurrence counts extracted from comparable corpora. A solution to avoid this limitation is to associate external resources with the comparable corpus. Since bilingual word embeddings have recently shown efficient models for learning bilingual distributed representation of words, we explore different word embedding models and show how a general-domain comparable corpus can enrich a specialized comparable corpus via neural networks",
}
@inproceedings{liu-nouvel-2017-bambara,
    title = "A {B}ambara Tonalization System for Word Sense Disambiguation Using Differential Coding, Segmentation and Edit Operation Filtering",
    author = "Liu, Luigi Yu-Cheng  and
      Nouvel, Damien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1070",
    pages = "694--703",
    abstract = "In many languages such as Bambara or Arabic, tone markers (diacritics) may be written but are actually often omitted. NLP applications are confronted to ambiguities and subsequent difficulties when processing texts. To circumvent this problem, tonalization may be used, as a word sense disambiguation task, relying on context to add diacritics that partially disambiguate words as well as senses. In this paper, we describe our implementation of a Bambara tonalizer that adds tone markers using machine learning (CRFs). To make our tool efficient, we used differential coding, word segmentation and edit operation filtering. We describe our approach that allows tractable machine learning and improves accuracy: our model may be learned within minutes on a 358K-word corpus and reaches 92.3{\%} accuracy.",
}
@inproceedings{zhao-kawahara-2017-joint,
    title = "Joint Learning of Dialog Act Segmentation and Recognition in Spoken Dialog Using Neural Networks",
    author = "Zhao, Tianyu  and
      Kawahara, Tatsuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1071",
    pages = "704--712",
    abstract = "Dialog act segmentation and recognition are basic natural language understanding tasks in spoken dialog systems. This paper investigates a unified architecture for these two tasks, which aims to improve the model{'}s performance on both of the tasks. Compared with past joint models, the proposed architecture can (1) incorporate contextual information in dialog act recognition, and (2) integrate models for tasks of different levels as a whole, i.e. dialog act segmentation on the word level and dialog act recognition on the segment level. Experimental results show that the joint training system outperforms the simple cascading system and the joint coding system on both dialog act segmentation and recognition tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Users{'} Negative Feedbacks in Multi-Turn Human-Computer Dialogues",
    author = "Wang, Xin  and
      Wang, Jianan  and
      Liu, Yuanchao  and
      Wang, Xiaolong  and
      Wang, Zhuoran  and
      Wang, Baoxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1072",
    pages = "713--722",
    abstract = "User experience is essential for human-computer dialogue systems. However, it is impractical to ask users to provide explicit feedbacks when the agents{'} responses displease them. Therefore, in this paper, we explore to predict users{'} imminent dissatisfactions caused by intelligent agents by analysing the existing utterances in the dialogue sessions. To our knowledge, this is the first work focusing on this task. Several possible factors that trigger negative emotions are modelled. A relation sequence model (RSM) is proposed to encode the sequence of appropriateness of current response with respect to the earlier utterances. The experimental results show that the proposed structure is effective in modelling emotional risk (possibility of negative feedback) than existing conversation modelling approaches. Besides, strategies of obtaining distance supervision data for pre-training are also discussed in this work. Balanced sampling with respect to the last response in the distance supervision data are shown to be reliable for data augmentation.",
}
@inproceedings{madan-joshi-2017-finding,
    title = "Finding Dominant User Utterances And System Responses in Conversations",
    author = "Madan, Dhiraj  and
      Joshi, Sachindra",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1073",
    pages = "723--732",
    abstract = "There are several dialog frameworks which allow manual specification of intents and rule based dialog flow. The rule based framework provides good control to dialog designers at the expense of being more time consuming and laborious. The job of a dialog designer can be reduced if we could identify pairs of user intents and corresponding responses automatically from prior conversations between users and agents. In this paper we propose an approach to find these frequent user utterances (which serve as examples for intents) and corresponding agent responses. We propose a novel SimCluster algorithm that extends standard K-means algorithm to simultaneously cluster user utterances and agent utterances by taking their adjacency information into account. The method also aligns these clusters to provide pairs of intents and response groups. We compare our results with those produced by using simple Kmeans clustering on a real dataset and observe upto 10{\%} absolute improvement in F1-scores. Through our experiments on synthetic dataset, we show that our algorithm gains more advantage over K-means algorithm when the data has large variance.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2017-end,
    title = "End-to-End Task-Completion Neural Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Li, Xiujun  and
      Chen, Yun-Nung  and
      Li, Lihong  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Celikyilmaz, Asli",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1074",
    pages = "733--743",
    abstract = "One of the major drawbacks of modularized task-completion dialogue systems is that each module is trained individually, which presents several challenges. For example, downstream modules are affected by earlier modules, and the performance of the entire system is not robust to the accumulated errors. This paper presents a novel end-to-end learning framework for task-completion dialogue systems to tackle such issues.Our neural dialogue system can directly interact with a structured database to assist users in accessing information and accomplishing certain tasks. The reinforcement learning based dialogue manager offers robust capabilities to handle noises caused by other components of the dialogue system. Our experiments in a movie-ticket booking domain show that our end-to-end system not only outperforms modularized dialogue system baselines for both objective and subjective evaluation, but also is robust to noises as demonstrated by several systematic experiments with different error granularity and rates specific to the language understanding module.",
}
@inproceedings{lau-etal-2017-end,
    title = "End-to-end Network for Twitter Geolocation Prediction and Hashing",
    author = "Lau, Jey Han  and
      Chi, Lianhua  and
      Tran, Khoi-Nguyen  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1075",
    pages = "744--753",
    abstract = "We propose an end-to-end neural network to predict the geolocation of a tweet. The network takes as input a number of raw Twitter metadata such as the tweet message and associated user account information. Our model is language independent, and despite minimal feature engineering, it is interpretable and capable of learning location indicative words and timing patterns. Compared to state-of-the-art systems, our model outperforms them by 2{\%}-6{\%}. Additionally, we propose extensions to the model to compress representation learnt by the network into binary codes. Experiments show that it produces compact codes compared to benchmark hashing algorithms. An implementation of the model is released publicly.",
}
@inproceedings{newell-etal-2017-assessing,
    title = "Assessing the Verifiability of Attributions in News Text",
    author = "Newell, Edward  and
      Schang, Ariane  and
      Margolin, Drew  and
      Ruths, Derek",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1076",
    pages = "754--763",
    abstract = "When reporting the news, journalists rely on the statements of stakeholders, experts, and officials. The attribution of such a statement is verifiable if its fidelity to the source can be confirmed or denied. In this paper, we develop a new NLP task: determining the verifiability of an attribution based on linguistic cues. We operationalize the notion of verifiability as a score between 0 and 1 using human judgments in a comparison-based approach. Using crowdsourcing, we create a dataset of verifiability-scored attributions, and demonstrate a model that achieves an RMSE of 0.057 and Spearman{'}s rank correlation of 0.95 to human-generated scores. We discuss the application of this technique to the analysis of mass media.",
}
@inproceedings{rieman-etal-2017-domain,
    title = "Domain Adaptation from User-level {F}acebook Models to County-level Twitter Predictions",
    author = "Rieman, Daniel  and
      Jaidka, Kokil  and
      Schwartz, H. Andrew  and
      Ungar, Lyle",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1077",
    pages = "764--773",
    abstract = "Several studies have demonstrated how language models of user attributes, such as personality, can be built by using the Facebook language of social media users in conjunction with their responses to psychology questionnaires. It is challenging to apply these models to make general predictions about attributes of communities, such as personality distributions across US counties, because it requires 1. the potentially inavailability of the original training data because of privacy and ethical regulations, 2. adapting Facebook language models to Twitter language without retraining the model, and 3. adapting from users to county-level collections of tweets. We propose a two-step algorithm, Target Side Domain Adaptation (TSDA) for such domain adaptation when no labeled Twitter/county data is available. TSDA corrects for the different word distributions between Facebook and Twitter and for the varying word distributions across counties by adjusting target side word frequencies; no changes to the trained model are made. In the case of predicting the Big Five county-level personality traits, TSDA outperforms a state-of-the-art domain adaptation method, gives county-level predictions that have fewer extreme outliers, higher year-to-year stability, and higher correlation with county-level outcomes.",
}
@inproceedings{gao-etal-2017-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing Explicit and Implicit Hate Speech Using a Weakly Supervised Two-path Bootstrapping Approach",
    author = "Gao, Lei  and
      Kuppersmith, Alexis  and
      Huang, Ruihong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1078",
    pages = "774--782",
    abstract = "In the wake of a polarizing election, social media is laden with hateful content. To address various limitations of supervised hate speech classification methods including corpus bias and huge cost of annotation, we propose a weakly supervised two-path bootstrapping approach for an online hate speech detection model leveraging large-scale unlabeled data. This system significantly outperforms hate speech detection systems that are trained in a supervised manner using manually annotated data. Applying this model on a large quantity of tweets collected before, after, and on election day reveals motivations and patterns of inflammatory language.",
}
@inproceedings{ni-etal-2017-estimating,
    title = "Estimating Reactions and Recommending Products with Generative Models of Reviews",
    author = "Ni, Jianmo  and
      Lipton, Zachary C.  and
      Vikram, Sharad  and
      McAuley, Julian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1079",
    pages = "783--791",
    abstract = "Traditional approaches to recommendation focus on learning from large volumes of historical feedback to estimate simple numerical quantities (Will a user click on a product? Make a purchase? etc.). Natural language approaches that model information like product reviews have proved to be incredibly useful in improving the performance of such methods, as reviews provide valuable auxiliary information that can be used to better estimate latent user preferences and item properties. In this paper, rather than using reviews as an inputs to a recommender system, we focus on generating reviews as the model{'}s output. This requires us to efficiently model text (at the character level) to capture the preferences of the user, the properties of the item being consumed, and the interaction between them (i.e., the user{'}s preference). We show that this can model can be used to (a) generate plausible reviews and estimate nuanced reactions; (b) provide personalized rankings of existing reviews; and (c) recommend existing products more effectively.",
}
@inproceedings{ishigaki-etal-2017-summarizing,
    title = "Summarizing Lengthy Questions",
    author = "Ishigaki, Tatsuya  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1080",
    pages = "792--800",
    abstract = "In this research, we propose the task of question summarization. We first analyzed question-summary pairs extracted from a Community Question Answering (CQA) site, and found that a proportion of questions cannot be summarized by extractive approaches but requires abstractive approaches. We created a dataset by regarding the question-title pairs posted on the CQA site as question-summary pairs. By using the data, we trained extractive and abstractive summarization models, and compared them based on ROUGE scores and manual evaluations. Our experimental results show an abstractive method using an encoder-decoder model with a copying mechanism achieves better scores for both ROUGE-2 F-measure and the evaluations by human judges.",
}
@inproceedings{falke-etal-2017-concept,
    title = "Concept-Map-Based Multi-Document Summarization using Concept Coreference Resolution and Global Importance Optimization",
    author = "Falke, Tobias  and
      Meyer, Christian M.  and
      Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1081",
    pages = "801--811",
    abstract = "Concept-map-based multi-document summarization is a variant of traditional summarization that produces structured summaries in the form of concept maps. In this work, we propose a new model for the task that addresses several issues in previous methods. It learns to identify and merge coreferent concepts to reduce redundancy, determines their importance with a strong supervised model and finds an optimal summary concept map via integer linear programming. It is also computationally more efficient than previous methods, allowing us to summarize larger document sets. We evaluate the model on two datasets, finding that it outperforms several approaches from previous work.",
}
@inproceedings{j-kurisinkel-etal-2017-abstractive,
    title = "Abstractive Multi-document Summarization by Partial Tree Extraction, Recombination and Linearization",
    author = "J Kurisinkel, Litton  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Varma, Vasudeva",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1082",
    pages = "812--821",
    abstract = "Existing work for abstractive multidocument summarization utilise existing phrase structures directly extracted from input documents to generate summary sentences. These methods can suffer from lack of consistence and coherence in merging phrases. We introduce a novel approach for abstractive multidocument summarization through partial dependency tree extraction, recombination and linearization. The method entrusts the summarizer to generate its own topically coherent sequential structures from scratch for effective communication. Results on TAC 2011, DUC-2004 and 2005 show that our system gives competitive results compared with state of the art abstractive summarization approaches in the literature. We also achieve competitive results in linguistic quality assessed by human evaluators.",
}
@inproceedings{judea-strube-2017-event,
    title = "Event Argument Identification on Dependency Graphs with Bidirectional {LSTM}s",
    author = "Judea, Alex  and
      Strube, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1083",
    pages = "822--831",
    abstract = "In this paper we investigate the performance of event argument identification. We show that the performance is tied to syntactic complexity. Based on this finding, we propose a novel and effective system for event argument identification. Recurrent Neural Networks learn to produce meaningful representations of long and short dependency paths. Convolutional Neural Networks learn to decompose the lexical context of argument candidates. They are combined into a simple system which outperforms a feature-based, state-of-the-art event argument identifier without any manual feature engineering.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2017-selective,
    title = "Selective Decoding for Cross-lingual Open Information Extraction",
    author = "Zhang, Sheng  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1084",
    pages = "832--842",
    abstract = "Cross-lingual open information extraction is the task of distilling facts from the source language into representations in the target language. We propose a novel encoder-decoder model for this problem. It employs a novel selective decoding mechanism, which explicitly models the sequence labeling process as well as the sequence generation process on the decoder side. Compared to a standard encoder-decoder model, selective decoding significantly increases the performance on a Chinese-English cross-lingual open IE dataset by 3.87-4.49 BLEU and 1.91-5.92 F1. We also extend our approach to low-resource scenarios, and gain promising improvement.",
}
@inproceedings{mcdowell-etal-2017-event,
    title = "Event Ordering with a Generalized Model for Sieve Prediction Ranking",
    author = "McDowell, Bill  and
      Chambers, Nathanael  and
      Ororbia II, Alexander  and
      Reitter, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1085",
    pages = "843--853",
    abstract = "This paper improves on several aspects of a sieve-based event ordering architecture, CAEVO (Chambers et al., 2014), which creates globally consistent temporal relations between events and time expressions. First, we examine the usage of word embeddings and semantic role features. With the incorporation of these new features, we demonstrate a 5{\%} relative F1 gain over our replicated version of CAEVO. Second, we reformulate the architecture{'}s sieve-based inference algorithm as a prediction reranking method that approximately optimizes a scoring function computed using classifier precisions. Within this prediction reranking framework, we propose an alternative scoring function, showing an 8.8{\%} relative gain over the original CAEVO. We further include an in-depth analysis of one of the main datasets that is used to evaluate temporal classifiers, and we show how despite using the densest corpus, there is still a danger of overfitting. While this paper focuses on temporal ordering, its results are applicable to other areas that use sieve-based architectures.",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2017-open,
    title = "Open Relation Extraction and Grounding",
    author = "Yu, Dian  and
      Huang, Lifu  and
      Ji, Heng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1086",
    pages = "854--864",
    abstract = "Previous open Relation Extraction (open RE) approaches mainly rely on linguistic patterns and constraints to extract important relational triples from large-scale corpora. However, they lack of abilities to cover diverse relation expressions or measure the relative importance of candidate triples within a sentence. It is also challenging to name the relation type of a relational triple merely based on context words, which could limit the usefulness of open RE in downstream applications. We propose a novel importance-based open RE approach by exploiting the global structure of a dependency tree to extract salient triples. We design an unsupervised relation type naming method by grounding relational triples to a large-scale Knowledge Base (KB) schema, leveraging KB triples and weighted context words associated with relational triples. Experiments on the English Slot Filling 2013 dataset demonstrate that our approach achieves 8.1{\%} higher F-score over state-of-the-art open RE methods.",
}
@inproceedings{you-etal-2017-extraction,
    title = "Extraction of Gene-Environment Interaction from the Biomedical Literature",
    author = "You, Jinseon  and
      Chung, Jin-Woo  and
      Yang, Wonsuk  and
      Park, Jong C.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1087",
    pages = "865--874",
    abstract = "Genetic information in the literature has been extensively looked into for the purpose of discovering the etiology of a disease. As the gene-disease relation is sensitive to external factors, their identification is important to study a disease. Environmental influences, which are usually called Gene-Environment interaction (GxE), have been considered as important factors and have extensively been researched in biology. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of systems for automatic GxE extraction from the biomedical literature due to new challenges: (1) there are no preprocessing tools and corpora for GxE, (2) expressions of GxE are often quite implicit, and (3) document-level comprehension is usually required. We propose to overcome these challenges with neural network models and show that a modified sequence-to-sequence model with a static RNN decoder produces a good performance in GxE recognition.",
}
@inproceedings{pan-etal-2017-course,
    title = "Course Concept Extraction in {MOOC}s via Embedding-Based Graph Propagation",
    author = "Pan, Liangming  and
      Wang, Xiaochen  and
      Li, Chengjiang  and
      Li, Juanzi  and
      Tang, Jie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1088",
    pages = "875--884",
    abstract = "Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), offering a new way to study online, are revolutionizing education. One challenging issue in MOOCs is how to design effective and fine-grained course concepts such that students with different backgrounds can grasp the essence of the course. In this paper, we conduct a systematic investigation of the problem of course concept extraction for MOOCs. We propose to learn latent representations for candidate concepts via an embedding-based method. Moreover, we develop a graph-based propagation algorithm to rank the candidate concepts based on the learned representations. We evaluate the proposed method using different courses from XuetangX and Coursera. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms all the alternative methods (+0.013-0.318 in terms of R-precision; p{\textless}{\textless}0.01, t-test).",
}
@inproceedings{perez-rosas-etal-2017-identity,
    title = "Identity Deception Detection",
    author = "P{\'e}rez-Rosas, Ver{\'o}nica  and
      Davenport, Quincy  and
      Dai, Anna Mengdan  and
      Abouelenien, Mohamed  and
      Mihalcea, Rada",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1089",
    pages = "885--894",
    abstract = "This paper addresses the task of detecting identity deception in language. Using a novel identity deception dataset, consisting of real and portrayed identities from 600 individuals, we show that we can build accurate identity detectors targeting both age and gender, with accuracies of up to 88. We also perform an analysis of the linguistic patterns used in identity deception, which lead to interesting insights into identity portrayers.",
}
@inproceedings{ling-etal-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning to Diagnose: Assimilating Clinical Narratives using Deep Reinforcement Learning",
    author = "Ling, Yuan  and
      Hasan, Sadid A.  and
      Datla, Vivek  and
      Qadir, Ashequl  and
      Lee, Kathy  and
      Liu, Joey  and
      Farri, Oladimeji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1090",
    pages = "895--905",
    abstract = "Clinical diagnosis is a critical and non-trivial aspect of patient care which often requires significant medical research and investigation based on an underlying clinical scenario. This paper proposes a novel approach by formulating clinical diagnosis as a reinforcement learning problem. During training, the reinforcement learning agent mimics the clinician{'}s cognitive process and learns the optimal policy to obtain the most appropriate diagnoses for a clinical narrative. This is achieved through an iterative search for candidate diagnoses from external knowledge sources via a sentence-by-sentence analysis of the inherent clinical context. A deep Q-network architecture is trained to optimize a reward function that measures the accuracy of the candidate diagnoses. Experiments on the TREC CDS datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our system over various non-reinforcement learning-based systems.",
}
@inproceedings{brad-etal-2017-dataset,
    title = "Dataset for a Neural Natural Language Interface for Databases ({NNLIDB})",
    author = "Brad, Florin  and
      Iacob, Radu Cristian Alexandru  and
      Hosu, Ionel Alexandru  and
      Rebedea, Traian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1091",
    pages = "906--914",
    abstract = "Progress in natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDB) has been slow mainly due to linguistic issues (such as language ambiguity) and domain portability. Moreover, the lack of a large corpus to be used as a standard benchmark has made data-driven approaches difficult to develop and compare. In this paper, we revisit the problem of NLIDBs and recast it as a sequence translation problem. To this end, we introduce a large dataset extracted from the Stack Exchange Data Explorer website, which can be used for training neural natural language interfaces for databases. We also report encouraging baseline results on a smaller manually annotated test corpus, obtained using an attention-based sequence-to-sequence neural network.",
}
@inproceedings{pragst-etal-2017-acquisition,
    title = "Acquisition and Assessment of Semantic Content for the Generation of Elaborateness and Indirectness in Spoken Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Pragst, Louisa  and
      Yoshino, Koichiro  and
      Minker, Wolfgang  and
      Nakamura, Satoshi  and
      Ultes, Stefan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1092",
    pages = "915--925",
    abstract = "In a dialogue system, the dialogue manager selects one of several system actions and thereby determines the system{'}s behaviour. Defining all possible system actions in a dialogue system by hand is a tedious work. While efforts have been made to automatically generate such system actions, those approaches are mostly focused on providing functional system behaviour. Adapting the system behaviour to the user becomes a difficult task due to the limited amount of system actions available. We aim to increase the adaptability of a dialogue system by automatically generating variants of system actions. In this work, we introduce an approach to automatically generate action variants for elaborateness and indirectness. Our proposed algorithm extracts RDF triplets from a knowledge base and rates their relevance to the original system action to find suitable content. We show that the results of our algorithm are mostly perceived similarly to human generated elaborateness and indirectness and can be used to adapt a conversation to the current user and situation. We also discuss where the results of our algorithm are still lacking and how this could be improved: Taking into account the conversation topic as well as the culture of the user is likely to have beneficial effect on the user{'}s perception.",
}
@inproceedings{hasanuzzaman-etal-2017-demographic,
    title = "Demographic Word Embeddings for Racism Detection on Twitter",
    author = {Hasanuzzaman, Mohammed  and
      Dias, Ga{\"e}l  and
      Way, Andy},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1093",
    pages = "926--936",
    abstract = "Most social media platforms grant users freedom of speech by allowing them to freely express their thoughts, beliefs, and opinions. Although this represents incredible and unique communication opportunities, it also presents important challenges. Online racism is such an example. In this study, we present a supervised learning strategy to detect racist language on Twitter based on word embedding that incorporate demographic (Age, Gender, and Location) information. Our methodology achieves reasonable classification accuracy over a gold standard dataset (F1=76.3{\%}) and significantly improves over the classification performance of demographic-agnostic models.",
}
@inproceedings{saito-etal-2017-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Extracting Variant-Normalization Pairs for {J}apanese Text Normalization",
    author = "Saito, Itsumi  and
      Nishida, Kyosuke  and
      Sadamitsu, Kugatsu  and
      Saito, Kuniko  and
      Tomita, Junji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1094",
    pages = "937--946",
    abstract = "Social media texts, such as tweets from Twitter, contain many types of non-standard tokens, and the number of normalization approaches for handling such noisy text has been increasing. We present a method for automatically extracting pairs of a variant word and its normal form from unsegmented text on the basis of a pair-wise similarity approach. We incorporated the acquired variant-normalization pairs into Japanese morphological analysis. The experimental results show that our method can extract widely covered variants from large Twitter data and improve the recall of normalization without degrading the overall accuracy of Japanese morphological analysis.",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2017-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Document Distance Measures and Unsupervised Document Revision Detection",
    author = "Zhu, Xiaofeng  and
      Klabjan, Diego  and
      Bless, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1095",
    pages = "947--956",
    abstract = "In this paper, we model the document revision detection problem as a minimum cost branching problem that relies on computing document distances. Furthermore, we propose two new document distance measures, word vector-based Dynamic Time Warping (wDTW) and word vector-based Tree Edit Distance (wTED). Our revision detection system is designed for a large scale corpus and implemented in Apache Spark. We demonstrate that our system can more precisely detect revisions than state-of-the-art methods by utilizing the Wikipedia revision dumps and simulated data sets.",
}
@inproceedings{shen-etal-2017-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Analysis of Multiple-Turn Reasoning Strategies in Reading Comprehension Tasks",
    author = "Shen, Yelong  and
      Liu, Xiaodong  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Gao, Jianfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1096",
    pages = "957--966",
    abstract = "Reading comprehension (RC) is a challenging task that requires synthesis of information across sentences and multiple turns of reasoning. Using a state-of-the-art RC model, we empirically investigate the performance of single-turn and multiple-turn reasoning on the SQuAD and MS MARCO datasets. The RC model is an end-to-end neural network with iterative attention, and uses reinforcement learning to dynamically control the number of turns. We find that multiple-turn reasoning outperforms single-turn reasoning for all question and answer types; further, we observe that enabling a flexible number of turns generally improves upon a fixed multiple-turn strategy. {\%}across all question types, and is particularly beneficial to questions with lengthy, descriptive answers. We achieve results competitive to the state-of-the-art on these two datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{kobayashi-etal-2017-automated,
    title = "Automated Historical Fact-Checking by Passage Retrieval, Word Statistics, and Virtual Question-Answering",
    author = "Kobayashi, Mio  and
      Ishii, Ai  and
      Hoshino, Chikara  and
      Miyashita, Hiroshi  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1097",
    pages = "967--975",
    abstract = "This paper presents a hybrid approach to the verification of statements about historical facts. The test data was collected from the world history examinations in a standardized achievement test for high school students. The data includes various kinds of false statements that were carefully written so as to deceive the students while they can be disproven on the basis of the teaching materials. Our system predicts the truth or falsehood of a statement based on text search, word cooccurrence statistics, factoid-style question answering, and temporal relation recognition. These features contribute to the judgement complementarily and achieved the state-of-the-art accuracy.",
}
@inproceedings{hsiao-etal-2017-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Subject, Type, and Property Identification for Simple Question Answering over Knowledge Base",
    author = "Hsiao, Wei-Chuan  and
      Huang, Hen-Hsen  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1098",
    pages = "976--985",
    abstract = "This paper presents an approach to identify subject, type and property from knowledge base (KB) for answering simple questions. We propose new features to rank entity candidates in KB. Besides, we split a relation in KB into type and property. Each of them is modeled by a bi-directional LSTM. Experimental results show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the SimpleQuestions dataset. The hard questions in the experiments are also analyzed in detail.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2017-dailydialog,
    title = "{D}aily{D}ialog: A Manually Labelled Multi-turn Dialogue Dataset",
    author = "Li, Yanran  and
      Su, Hui  and
      Shen, Xiaoyu  and
      Li, Wenjie  and
      Cao, Ziqiang  and
      Niu, Shuzi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1099",
    pages = "986--995",
    abstract = "We develop a high-quality multi-turn dialog dataset, \textbf{DailyDialog},which is intriguing in several aspects. The language is human-written and lessnoisy. The dialogues in the dataset reflect our daily communication way andcover various topics about our daily life. We also manually label the developeddataset with communication intention and emotion information. Then, we evaluateexisting approaches on DailyDialog dataset and hope it benefit the researchfield of dialog systems. The dataset is available on\url{http://yanran.li/dailydialog}",
}
@inproceedings{white-etal-2017-inference,
    title = "Inference is Everything: Recasting Semantic Resources into a Unified Evaluation Framework",
    author = "White, Aaron Steven  and
      Rastogi, Pushpendre  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1100",
    pages = "996--1005",
    abstract = "We propose to unify a variety of existing semantic classification tasks, such as semantic role labeling, anaphora resolution, and paraphrase detection, under the heading of Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE). We present a general strategy to automatically generate one or more sentential hypotheses based on an input sentence and pre-existing manual semantic annotations. The resulting suite of datasets enables us to probe a statistical RTE model{'}s performance on different aspects of semantics. We demonstrate the value of this approach by investigating the behavior of a popular neural network RTE model.",
}
@inproceedings{dhondt-etal-2017-generating,
    title = "Generating a Training Corpus for {OCR} Post-Correction Using Encoder-Decoder Model",
    author = "D{'}hondt, Eva  and
      Grouin, Cyril  and
      Grau, Brigitte",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1101",
    pages = "1006--1014",
    abstract = "In this paper we present a novel approach to the automatic correction of OCR-induced orthographic errors in a given text. While current systems depend heavily on large training corpora or external information, such as domain-specific lexicons or confidence scores from the OCR process, our system only requires a small amount of (relatively) clean training data from a representative corpus to learn a character-based statistical language model using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks (biLSTMs). We demonstrate the versatility and adaptability of our system on different text corpora with varying degrees of textual noise, including a real-life OCR corpus in the medical domain.",
}
@inproceedings{pappas-popescu-belis-2017-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Hierarchical Attention Networks for Document Classification",
    author = "Pappas, Nikolaos  and
      Popescu-Belis, Andrei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1102",
    pages = "1015--1025",
    abstract = "Hierarchical attention networks have recently achieved remarkable performance for document classification in a given language. However, when multilingual document collections are considered, training such models separately for each language entails linear parameter growth and lack of cross-language transfer. Learning a single multilingual model with fewer parameters is therefore a challenging but potentially beneficial objective. To this end, we propose multilingual hierarchical attention networks for learning document structures, with shared encoders and/or shared attention mechanisms across languages, using multi-task learning and an aligned semantic space as input. We evaluate the proposed models on multilingual document classification with disjoint label sets, on a large dataset which we provide, with 600k news documents in 8 languages, and 5k labels. The multilingual models outperform monolingual ones in low-resource as well as full-resource settings, and use fewer parameters, thus confirming their computational efficiency and the utility of cross-language transfer.",
}
@inproceedings{maki-etal-2017-roles,
    title = "Roles and Success in {W}ikipedia Talk Pages: Identifying Latent Patterns of Behavior",
    author = "Maki, Keith  and
      Yoder, Michael  and
      Jo, Yohan  and
      Ros{\'e}, Carolyn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-1103",
    pages = "1026--1035",
    abstract = "In this work we investigate how role-based behavior profiles of a Wikipedia editor, considered against the backdrop of roles taken up by other editors in discussions, predict the success of the editor at achieving an impact on the associated article. We first contribute a new public dataset including a task predicting the success of Wikipedia editors involved in discussion, measured by an operationalization of the lasting impact of their edits in the article. We then propose a probabilistic graphical model that advances earlier work inducing latent discussion roles using the light supervision of success in the negotiation task. We evaluate the performance of the model and interpret findings of roles and group configurations that lead to certain outcomes on Wikipedia.",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2017-international-joint,
    title = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    author = "Kondrak, Greg  and
      Watanabe, Taro",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2000",
}
@inproceedings{watanabe-etal-2017-cky,
    title = "{CKY}-based Convolutional Attention for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Watanabe, Taiki  and
      Tamura, Akihiro  and
      Ninomiya, Takashi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2001",
    pages = "1--6",
    abstract = "This paper proposes a new attention mechanism for neural machine translation (NMT) based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which is inspired by the CKY algorithm. The proposed attention represents every possible combination of source words (e.g., phrases and structures) through CNNs, which imitates the CKY table in the algorithm. NMT, incorporating the proposed attention, decodes a target sentence on the basis of the attention scores of the hidden states of CNNs. The proposed attention enables NMT to capture alignments from underlying structures of a source sentence without sentence parsing. The evaluations on the Asian Scientific Paper Excerpt Corpus (ASPEC) English-Japanese translation task show that the proposed attention gains 0.66 points in BLEU.",
}
@inproceedings{kamigaito-etal-2017-supervised,
    title = "Supervised Attention for Sequence-to-Sequence Constituency Parsing",
    author = "Kamigaito, Hidetaka  and
      Hayashi, Katsuhiko  and
      Hirao, Tsutomu  and
      Takamura, Hiroya  and
      Okumura, Manabu  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2002",
    pages = "7--12",
    abstract = "The sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) model has been successfully applied to machine translation (MT). Recently, MT performances were improved by incorporating supervised attention into the model. In this paper, we introduce supervised attention to constituency parsing that can be regarded as another translation task. Evaluation results on the PTB corpus showed that the bracketing F-measure was improved by supervised attention.",
}
@inproceedings{aminian-etal-2017-transferring,
    title = "Transferring Semantic Roles Using Translation and Syntactic Information",
    author = "Aminian, Maryam  and
      Rasooli, Mohammad Sadegh  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2003",
    pages = "13--19",
    abstract = "Our paper addresses the problem of annotation projection for semantic role labeling for resource-poor languages using supervised annotations from a resource-rich language through parallel data. We propose a transfer method that employs information from source and target syntactic dependencies as well as word alignment density to improve the quality of an iterative bootstrapping method. Our experiments yield a 3.5 absolute labeled F-score improvement over a standard annotation projection method.",
}
@inproceedings{khayrallah-etal-2017-neural,
    title = "Neural Lattice Search for Domain Adaptation in Machine Translation",
    author = "Khayrallah, Huda  and
      Kumar, Gaurav  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Post, Matt  and
      Koehn, Philipp",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2004",
    pages = "20--25",
    abstract = "Domain adaptation is a major challenge for neural machine translation (NMT). Given unknown words or new domains, NMT systems tend to generate fluent translations at the expense of adequacy. We present a stack-based lattice search algorithm for NMT and show that constraining its search space with lattices generated by phrase-based machine translation (PBMT) improves robustness. We report consistent BLEU score gains across four diverse domain adaptation tasks involving medical, IT, Koran, or subtitles texts.",
}
@inproceedings{yawata-etal-2017-analyzing,
    title = "Analyzing Well-Formedness of Syllables in {J}apanese Sign Language",
    author = "Yawata, Satoshi  and
      Miwa, Makoto  and
      Sasaki, Yutaka  and
      Hara, Daisuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2005",
    pages = "26--30",
    abstract = "This paper tackles a problem of analyzing the well-formedness of syllables in Japanese Sign Language (JSL). We formulate the problem as a classification problem that classifies syllables into well-formed or ill-formed. We build a data set that contains hand-coded syllables and their well-formedness. We define a fine-grained feature set based on the hand-coded syllables and train a logistic regression classifier on labeled syllables, expecting to find the discriminative features from the trained classifier. We also perform pseudo active learning to investigate the applicability of active learning in analyzing syllables. In the experiments, the best classifier with our combinatorial features achieved the accuracy of 87.0{\%}. The pseudo active learning is also shown to be effective showing that it could reduce about 84{\%} of training instances to achieve the accuracy of 82.0{\%} when compared to the model without active learning.",
}
@inproceedings{patel-bhattacharyya-2017-towards,
    title = "Towards Lower Bounds on Number of Dimensions for Word Embeddings",
    author = "Patel, Kevin  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2006",
    pages = "31--36",
    abstract = "Word embeddings are a relatively new addition to the modern NLP researcher{'}s toolkit. However, unlike other tools, word embeddings are used in a black box manner. There are very few studies regarding various hyperparameters. One such hyperparameter is the dimension of word embeddings. They are rather decided based on a rule of thumb: in the range 50 to 300. In this paper, we show that the dimension should instead be chosen based on corpus statistics. More specifically, we show that the number of pairwise equidistant words of the corpus vocabulary (as defined by some distance/similarity metric) gives a lower bound on the the number of dimensions , and going below this bound results in degradation of quality of learned word embeddings. Through our evaluations on standard word embedding evaluation tasks, we show that for dimensions higher than or equal to the bound, we get better results as compared to the ones below it.",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2017-sequence,
    title = "Sequence to Sequence Learning for Event Prediction",
    author = "Nguyen, Dai Quoc  and
      Nguyen, Dat Quoc  and
      Chu, Cuong Xuan  and
      Thater, Stefan  and
      Pinkal, Manfred",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2007",
    pages = "37--42",
    abstract = "This paper presents an approach to the task of predicting an event description from a preceding sentence in a text. Our approach explores sequence-to-sequence learning using a bidirectional multi-layer recurrent neural network. Our approach substantially outperforms previous work in terms of the BLEU score on two datasets derived from WikiHow and DeScript respectively. Since the BLEU score is not easy to interpret as a measure of event prediction, we complement our study with a second evaluation that exploits the rich linguistic annotation of gold paraphrase sets of events.",
}
@inproceedings{takase-etal-2017-input,
    title = "Input-to-Output Gate to Improve {RNN} Language Models",
    author = "Takase, Sho  and
      Suzuki, Jun  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2008",
    pages = "43--48",
    abstract = "This paper proposes a reinforcing method that refines the output layers of existing Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) language models. We refer to our proposed method as Input-to-Output Gate (IOG). IOG has an extremely simple structure, and thus, can be easily combined with any RNN language models. Our experiments on the Penn Treebank and WikiText-2 datasets demonstrate that IOG consistently boosts the performance of several different types of current topline RNN language models.",
}
@inproceedings{arnold-etal-2017-counterfactual,
    title = "Counterfactual Language Model Adaptation for Suggesting Phrases",
    author = "Arnold, Kenneth  and
      Chang, Kai-Wei  and
      Kalai, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2009",
    pages = "49--54",
    abstract = "Mobile devices use language models to suggest words and phrases for use in text entry. Traditional language models are based on contextual word frequency in a static corpus of text. However, certain types of phrases, when offered to writers as suggestions, may be systematically chosen more often than their frequency would predict. In this paper, we propose the task of generating suggestions that writers accept, a related but distinct task to making accurate predictions. Although this task is fundamentally interactive, we propose a counterfactual setting that permits offline training and evaluation. We find that even a simple language model can capture text characteristics that improve acceptability.",
}
@inproceedings{liang-shu-2017-deep,
    title = "Deep Automated Multi-task Learning",
    author = "Liang, Davis  and
      Shu, Yan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2010",
    pages = "55--60",
    abstract = "Multi-task learning (MTL) has recently contributed to learning better representations in service of various NLP tasks. MTL aims at improving the performance of a primary task by jointly training on a secondary task. This paper introduces automated tasks, which exploit the sequential nature of the input data, as secondary tasks in an MTL model. We explore next word prediction, next character prediction, and missing word completion as potential automated tasks. Our results show that training on a primary task in parallel with a secondary automated task improves both the convergence speed and accuracy for the primary task. We suggest two methods for augmenting an existing network with automated tasks and establish better performance in topic prediction, sentiment analysis, and hashtag recommendation. Finally, we show that the MTL models can perform well on datasets that are small and colloquial by nature.",
}
@inproceedings{soni-etal-2017-post,
    title = "Post-Processing Techniques for Improving Predictions of Multilabel Learning Approaches",
    author = "Soni, Akshay  and
      Pappu, Aasish  and
      Ni, Jerry Chia-mau  and
      Chevalier, Troy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2011",
    pages = "61--66",
    abstract = "In Multilabel Learning (MLL) each training instance is associated with a set of labels and the task is to learn a function that maps an unseen instance to its corresponding label set. In this paper, we present a suite of {--} MLL algorithm independent {--} post-processing techniques that utilize the conditional and directional label-dependences in order to make the predictions from any MLL approach more coherent and precise. We solve constraint optimization problem over the output produced by any MLL approach and the result is a refined version of the input predicted label set. Using proposed techniques, we show absolute improvement of 3{\%} on English News and 10{\%} on Chinese E-commerce datasets for P@K metric.",
}
@inproceedings{beck-cohn-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning Kernels over Strings using {G}aussian Processes",
    author = "Beck, Daniel  and
      Cohn, Trevor",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2012",
    pages = "67--73",
    abstract = "Non-contiguous word sequences are widely known to be important in modelling natural language. However they not explicitly encoded in common text representations. In this work we propose a model for text processing using string kernels, capable of flexibly representing non-contiguous sequences. Specifically, we derive a vectorised version of the string kernel algorithm and their gradients, allowing efficient hyperparameter optimisation as part of a Gaussian Process framework. Experiments on synthetic data and text regression for emotion analysis show the promise of this technique.",
}
@inproceedings{fujinuma-grissom-ii-2017-substring,
    title = "Substring Frequency Features for Segmentation of {J}apanese Katakana Words with Unlabeled Corpora",
    author = "Fujinuma, Yoshinari  and
      Grissom II, Alvin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2013",
    pages = "74--79",
    abstract = "Word segmentation is crucial in natural language processing tasks for unsegmented languages. In Japanese, many out-of-vocabulary words appear in the phonetic syllabary katakana, making segmentation more difficult due to the lack of clues found in mixed script settings. In this paper, we propose a straightforward approach based on a variant of tf-idf and apply it to the problem of word segmentation in Japanese. Even though our method uses only an unlabeled corpus, experimental results show that it achieves performance comparable to existing methods that use manually labeled corpora. Furthermore, it improves performance of simple word segmentation models trained on a manually labeled corpus.",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-etal-2017-monpa,
    title = "{MONPA}: Multi-objective Named-entity and Part-of-speech Annotator for {C}hinese using Recurrent Neural Network",
    author = "Hsieh, Yu-Lun  and
      Chang, Yung-Chun  and
      Huang, Yi-Jie  and
      Yeh, Shu-Hao  and
      Chen, Chun-Hung  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2014",
    pages = "80--85",
    abstract = "Part-of-speech (POS) tagging and named entity recognition (NER) are crucial steps in natural language processing. In addition, the difficulty of word segmentation places additional burden on those who intend to deal with languages such as Chinese, and pipelined systems often suffer from error propagation. This work proposes an end-to-end model using character-based recurrent neural network (RNN) to jointly accomplish segmentation, POS tagging and NER of a Chinese sentence. Experiments on previous word segmentation and NER datasets show that a single model with the proposed architecture is comparable to those trained specifically for each task, and outperforms freely-available softwares. Moreover, we provide a web-based interface for the public to easily access this resource.",
}
@inproceedings{shao-etal-2017-recall,
    title = "Recall is the Proper Evaluation Metric for Word Segmentation",
    author = "Shao, Yan  and
      Hardmeier, Christian  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2015",
    pages = "86--90",
    abstract = "We extensively analyse the correlations and drawbacks of conventionally employed evaluation metrics for word segmentation. Unlike in standard information retrieval, precision favours under-splitting systems and therefore can be misleading in word segmentation. Overall, based on both theoretical and experimental analysis, we propose that precision should be excluded from the standard evaluation metrics and that the evaluation score obtained by using only recall is sufficient and better correlated with the performance of word segmentation systems.",
}
@inproceedings{cotterell-duh-2017-low,
    title = "Low-Resource Named Entity Recognition with Cross-lingual, Character-Level Neural Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Duh, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2016",
    pages = "91--96",
    abstract = "Low-resource named entity recognition is still an open problem in NLP. Most state-of-the-art systems require tens of thousands of annotated sentences in order to obtain high performance. However, for most of the world{'}s languages it is unfeasible to obtain such annotation. In this paper, we present a transfer learning scheme, whereby we train character-level neural CRFs to predict named entities for both high-resource languages and low-resource languages jointly. Learning character representations for multiple related languages allows knowledge transfer from the high-resource languages to the low-resource ones, improving F1 by up to 9.8 points.",
}
@inproceedings{sato-etal-2017-segment,
    title = "Segment-Level Neural Conditional Random Fields for Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Sato, Motoki  and
      Shindo, Hiroyuki  and
      Yamada, Ikuya  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2017",
    pages = "97--102",
    abstract = "We present Segment-level Neural CRF, which combines neural networks with a linear chain CRF for segment-level sequence modeling tasks such as named entity recognition (NER) and syntactic chunking. Our segment-level CRF can consider higher-order label dependencies compared with conventional word-level CRF. Since it is difficult to consider all possible variable length segments, our method uses segment lattice constructed from the word-level tagging model to reduce the search space. Performing experiments on NER and chunking, we demonstrate that our method outperforms conventional word-level CRF with neural networks.",
}
@inproceedings{kehat-pustejovsky-2017-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Vision and Language Datasets to Measure Word Concreteness",
    author = "Kehat, Gitit  and
      Pustejovsky, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2018",
    pages = "103--108",
    abstract = "We present and take advantage of the inherent visualizability properties of words in visual corpora (the textual components of vision-language datasets) to compute concreteness scores for words. Our simple method does not require hand-annotated concreteness score lists for training, and yields state-of-the-art results when evaluated against concreteness scores lists and previously derived scores, as well as when used for metaphor detection.",
}
@inproceedings{kajiwara-fujita-2017-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Features Based on Word Alignments for Estimating Quality of Text Simplification",
    author = "Kajiwara, Tomoyuki  and
      Fujita, Atsushi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2019",
    pages = "109--115",
    abstract = "This paper examines the usefulness of semantic features based on word alignments for estimating the quality of text simplification. Specifically, we introduce seven types of alignment-based features computed on the basis of word embeddings and paraphrase lexicons. Through an empirical experiment using the QATS dataset, we confirm that we can achieve the state-of-the-art performance only with these features.",
}
@inproceedings{pandey-etal-2017-injecting,
    title = "Injecting Word Embeddings with Another Language{'}s Resource : An Application of Bilingual Embeddings",
    author = "Pandey, Prakhar  and
      Pudi, Vikram  and
      Shrivastava, Manish",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2020",
    pages = "116--121",
    abstract = "Word embeddings learned from text corpus can be improved by injecting knowledge from external resources, while at the same time also specializing them for similarity or relatedness. These knowledge resources (like WordNet, Paraphrase Database) may not exist for all languages. In this work we introduce a method to inject word embeddings of a language with knowledge resource of another language by leveraging bilingual embeddings. First we improve word embeddings of German, Italian, French and Spanish using resources of English and test them on variety of word similarity tasks. Then we demonstrate the utility of our method by creating improved embeddings for Urdu and Telugu languages using Hindi WordNet, beating the previously established baseline for Urdu.",
}
@inproceedings{corona-etal-2017-improving,
    title = "Improving Black-box Speech Recognition using Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Corona, Rodolfo  and
      Thomason, Jesse  and
      Mooney, Raymond",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2021",
    pages = "122--127",
    abstract = "Speech is a natural channel for human-computer interaction in robotics and consumer applications. Natural language understanding pipelines that start with speech can have trouble recovering from speech recognition errors. Black-box automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, built for general purpose use, are unable to take advantage of in-domain language models that could otherwise ameliorate these errors. In this work, we present a method for re-ranking black-box ASR hypotheses using an in-domain language model and semantic parser trained for a particular task. Our re-ranking method significantly improves both transcription accuracy and semantic understanding over a state-of-the-art ASR{'}s vanilla output.",
}
@inproceedings{matsubayashi-inui-2017-revisiting,
    title = "Revisiting the Design Issues of Local Models for {J}apanese Predicate-Argument Structure Analysis",
    author = "Matsubayashi, Yuichiroh  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2022",
    pages = "128--133",
    abstract = "The research trend in Japanese predicate-argument structure (PAS) analysis is shifting from pointwise prediction models with local features to global models designed to search for globally optimal solutions. However, the existing global models tend to employ only relatively simple local features; therefore, the overall performance gains are rather limited. The importance of designing a local model is demonstrated in this study by showing that the performance of a sophisticated local model can be considerably improved with recent feature embedding methods and a feature combination learning based on a neural network, outperforming the state-of-the-art global models in F1 on a common benchmark dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{han-etal-2017-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Informs the Interpretation of Iconic Gestures: A Computational Approach",
    author = "Han, Ting  and
      Hough, Julian  and
      Schlangen, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2023",
    pages = "134--139",
    abstract = "When giving descriptions, speakers often signify object shape or size with hand gestures. Such so-called {`}iconic{'} gestures represent their meaning through their relevance to referents in the verbal content, rather than having a conventional form. The gesture form on its own is often ambiguous, and the aspect of the referent that it highlights is constrained by what the language makes salient. We show how the verbal content guides gesture interpretation through a computational model that frames the task as a multi-label classification task that maps multimodal utterances to semantic categories, using annotated human-human data.",
}
@inproceedings{beck-2017-modelling,
    title = "Modelling Representation Noise in Emotion Analysis using {G}aussian Processes",
    author = "Beck, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2024",
    pages = "140--145",
    abstract = "Emotion Analysis is the task of modelling latent emotions present in natural language. Labelled datasets for this task are scarce so learning good input text representations is not trivial. Using averaged word embeddings is a simple way to leverage unlabelled corpora to build text representations but this approach can be prone to noise either coming from the embedding themselves or the averaging procedure. In this paper we propose a model for Emotion Analysis using Gaussian Processes and kernels that are better suitable for functions that exhibit noisy behaviour. Empirical evaluations in a emotion prediction task show that our model outperforms commonly used baselines for regression.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2017-manually,
    title = "Are Manually Prepared Affective Lexicons Really Useful for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Li, Minglei  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Long, Yunfei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2025",
    pages = "146--150",
    abstract = "In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of different affective lexicons through sentiment analysis of phrases. We examine how phrases can be represented through manually prepared lexicons, extended lexicons using computational methods, or word embedding. Comparative studies clearly show that word embedding using unsupervised distributional method outperforms manually prepared lexicons no matter what affective models are used in the lexicons. Our conclusion is that although different affective lexicons are cognitively backed by theories, they do not show any advantage over the automatically obtained word embedding.",
}
@inproceedings{xue-etal-2017-mtna,
    title = "{MTNA}: A Neural Multi-task Model for Aspect Category Classification and Aspect Term Extraction On Restaurant Reviews",
    author = "Xue, Wei  and
      Zhou, Wubai  and
      Li, Tao  and
      Wang, Qing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2026",
    pages = "151--156",
    abstract = "Online reviews are valuable resources not only for consumers to make decisions before purchase, but also for providers to get feedbacks for their services or commodities. In Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA), it is critical to identify aspect categories and extract aspect terms from the sentences of user-generated reviews. However, the two tasks are often treated independently, even though they are closely related. Intuitively, the learned knowledge of one task should inform the other learning task. In this paper, we propose a multi-task learning model based on neural networks to solve them together. We demonstrate the improved performance of our multi-task learning model over the models trained separately on three public dataset released by SemEval workshops.",
}
@inproceedings{yung-etal-2017-discourse,
    title = "Can Discourse Relations be Identified Incrementally?",
    author = "Yung, Frances  and
      Noji, Hiroshi  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2027",
    pages = "157--162",
    abstract = "Humans process language word by word and construct partial linguistic structures on the fly before the end of the sentence is perceived. Inspired by this cognitive ability, incremental algorithms for natural language processing tasks have been proposed and demonstrated promising performance. For discourse relation (DR) parsing, however, it is not yet clear to what extent humans can recognize DRs incrementally, because the latent {`}nodes{'} of discourse structure can span clauses and sentences. To answer this question, this work investigates incrementality in discourse processing based on a corpus annotated with DR signals. We find that DRs are dominantly signaled at the boundary between the two constituent discourse units. The findings complement existing psycholinguistic theories on expectation in discourse processing and provide direction for incremental discourse parsing.",
}
@inproceedings{chi-etal-2017-speaker,
    title = "Speaker Role Contextual Modeling for Language Understanding and Dialogue Policy Learning",
    author = "Chi, Ta-Chung  and
      Chen, Po-Chun  and
      Su, Shang-Yu  and
      Chen, Yun-Nung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2028",
    pages = "163--168",
    abstract = "Language understanding (LU) and dialogue policy learning are two essential components in conversational systems. Human-human dialogues are not well-controlled and often random and unpredictable due to their own goals and speaking habits. This paper proposes a role-based contextual model to consider different speaker roles independently based on the various speaking patterns in the multi-turn dialogues. The experiments on the benchmark dataset show that the proposed role-based model successfully learns role-specific behavioral patterns for contextual encoding and then significantly improves language understanding and dialogue policy learning tasks.",
}
@inproceedings{song-etal-2017-diversifying,
    title = "Diversifying Neural Conversation Model with Maximal Marginal Relevance",
    author = "Song, Yiping  and
      Tian, Zhiliang  and
      Zhao, Dongyan  and
      Zhang, Ming  and
      Yan, Rui",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2029",
    pages = "169--174",
    abstract = "Neural conversation systems, typically using sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models, are showing promising progress recently. However, traditional seq2seq suffer from a severe weakness: during beam search decoding, they tend to rank universal replies at the top of the candidate list, resulting in the lack of diversity among candidate replies. Maximum Marginal Relevance (MMR) is a ranking algorithm that has been widely used for subset selection. In this paper, we propose the MMR-BS decoding method, which incorporates MMR into the beam search (BS) process of seq2seq. The MMR-BS method improves the diversity of generated replies without sacrificing their high relevance with the user-issued query. Experiments show that our proposed model achieves the best performance among other comparison methods.",
}
@inproceedings{chaurasia-mooney-2017-dialog,
    title = "Dialog for Language to Code",
    author = "Chaurasia, Shobhit  and
      Mooney, Raymond J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2030",
    pages = "175--180",
    abstract = "Generating computer code from natural language descriptions has been a long-standing problem. Prior work in this domain has restricted itself to generating code in one shot from a single description. To overcome this limitation, we propose a system that can engage users in a dialog to clarify their intent until it has all the information to produce correct code. To evaluate the efficacy of dialog in code generation, we focus on synthesizing conditional statements in the form of IFTTT recipes.",
}
@inproceedings{sladoljev-agejev-snajder-2017-using,
    title = "Using Analytic Scoring Rubrics in the Automatic Assessment of College-Level Summary Writing Tasks in {L}2",
    author = "Sladoljev-Agejev, Tamara  and
      {\v{S}}najder, Jan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2031",
    pages = "181--186",
    abstract = "Assessing summaries is a demanding, yet useful task which provides valuable information on language competence, especially for second language learners. We consider automated scoring of college-level summary writing task in English as a second language (EL2). We adopt the Reading-for-Understanding (RU) cognitive framework, extended with the Reading-to-Write (RW) element, and use analytic scoring with six rubrics covering content and writing quality. We show that regression models with reference-based and linguistic features considerably outperform the baselines across all the rubrics. Moreover, we find interesting correlations between summary features and analytic rubrics, revealing the links between the RU and RW constructs.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical Framework for Product Description Generation",
    author = "Wang, Jinpeng  and
      Hou, Yutai  and
      Liu, Jing  and
      Cao, Yunbo  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2032",
    pages = "187--192",
    abstract = "We present in this paper a statistical framework that generates accurate and fluent product description from product attributes. Specifically, after extracting templates and learning writing knowledge from attribute-description parallel data, we use the learned knowledge to decide what to say and how to say for product description generation. To evaluate accuracy and fluency for the generated descriptions, in addition to BLEU and Recall, we propose to measure what to say (in terms of attribute coverage) and to measure how to say (by attribute-specified generation) separately. Experimental results show that our framework is effective.",
}
@inproceedings{lee-lee-2017-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Text Summarization Using Reinforcement Learning with Embedding Features",
    author = "Lee, Gyoung Ho  and
      Lee, Kong Joo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2033",
    pages = "193--197",
    abstract = "An automatic text summarization system can automatically generate a short and brief summary that contains a main concept of an original document. In this work, we explore the advantages of simple embedding features in Reinforcement leaning approach to automatic text summarization tasks. In addition, we propose a novel deep learning network for estimating Q-values used in Reinforcement learning. We evaluate our model by using ROUGE scores with DUC 2001, 2002, Wikipedia, ACL-ARC data. Evaluation results show that our model is competitive with the previous models.",
}
@inproceedings{vadapalli-etal-2017-ssas,
    title = "{SSAS}: Semantic Similarity for Abstractive Summarization",
    author = "Vadapalli, Raghuram  and
      J Kurisinkel, Litton  and
      Gupta, Manish  and
      Varma, Vasudeva",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2034",
    pages = "198--203",
    abstract = "Ideally a metric evaluating an abstract system summary should represent the extent to which the system-generated summary approximates the semantic inference conceived by the reader using a human-written reference summary. Most of the previous approaches relied upon word or syntactic sub-sequence overlap to evaluate system-generated summaries. Such metrics cannot evaluate the summary at semantic inference level. Through this work we introduce the metric of Semantic Similarity for Abstractive Summarization (SSAS), which leverages natural language inference and paraphrasing techniques to frame a novel approach to evaluate system summaries at semantic inference level. SSAS is based upon a weighted composition of quantities representing the level of agreement, contradiction, independence, paraphrasing, and optionally ROUGE score between a system-generated and a human-written summary.",
}
@inproceedings{mnasri-etal-2017-taking,
    title = "Taking into account Inter-sentence Similarity for Update Summarization",
    author = {Mnasri, Ma{\^a}li  and
      de Chalendar, Ga{\"e}l  and
      Ferret, Olivier},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2035",
    pages = "204--209",
    abstract = "Following Gillick and Favre (2009), a lot of work about extractive summarization has modeled this task by associating two contrary constraints: one aims at maximizing the coverage of the summary with respect to its information content while the other represents its size limit. In this context, the notion of redundancy is only implicitly taken into account. In this article, we extend the framework defined by Gillick and Favre (2009) by examining how and to what extent integrating semantic sentence similarity into an update summarization system can improve its results. We show more precisely the impact of this strategy through evaluations performed on DUC 2007 and TAC 2008 and 2009 datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{masumura-etal-2017-hyperspherical,
    title = "Hyperspherical Query Likelihood Models with Word Embeddings",
    author = "Masumura, Ryo  and
      Asami, Taichi  and
      Masataki, Hirokazu  and
      Sadamitsu, Kugatsu  and
      Nishida, Kyosuke  and
      Higashinaka, Ryuichiro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2036",
    pages = "210--216",
    abstract = "This paper presents an initial study on hyperspherical query likelihood models (QLMs) for information retrieval (IR). Our motivation is to naturally utilize pre-trained word embeddings for probabilistic IR. To this end, key idea is to directly leverage the word embeddings as random variables for directional probabilistic models based on von Mises-Fisher distributions which are familiar to cosine distances. The proposed method enables us to theoretically take semantic similarities between document and target queries into consideration without introducing heuristic expansion techniques. In addition, this paper reveals relationships between hyperspherical QLMs and conventional QLMs. Experiments show document retrieval evaluation results in which a hyperspherical QLM is compared to conventional QLMs and document distance metrics using word or document embeddings.",
}
@inproceedings{kulkarni-etal-2017-dual,
    title = "Dual Constrained Question Embeddings with Relational Knowledge Bases for Simple Question Answering",
    author = "Kulkarni, Kaustubh  and
      Togashi, Riku  and
      Maeda, Hideyuki  and
      Fujita, Sumio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2037",
    pages = "217--221",
    abstract = "Embedding based approaches are shown to be effective for solving simple Question Answering (QA) problems in recent works. The major drawback of current approaches is that they look only at the similarity (constraint) between a question and a head, relation pair. Due to the absence of tail (answer) in the questions, these models often require paraphrase datasets to obtain adequate embeddings. In this paper, we propose a dual constraint model which exploits the embeddings obtained by Trans* family of algorithms to solve the simple QA problem without using any additional resources such as paraphrase datasets. The results obtained prove that the embeddings learned using dual constraints are better than those with single constraint models having similar architecture.",
}
@inproceedings{ziegler-etal-2017-efficiency,
    title = "Efficiency-aware Answering of Compositional Questions using Answer Type Prediction",
    author = "Ziegler, David  and
      Abujabal, Abdalghani  and
      Saha Roy, Rishiraj  and
      Weikum, Gerhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2038",
    pages = "222--227",
    abstract = "This paper investigates the problem of answering compositional factoid questions over knowledge bases (KB) under efficiency constraints. The method, called TIPI, (i) decomposes compositional questions, (ii) predicts answer types for individual sub-questions, (iii) reasons over the compatibility of joint types, and finally, (iv) formulates compositional SPARQL queries respecting type constraints. TIPI{'}s answer type predictor is trained using distant supervision, and exploits lexical, syntactic and embedding-based features to compute context- and hierarchy-aware candidate answer types for an input question. Experiments on a recent benchmark show that TIPI results in state-of-the-art performance under the real-world assumption that only a single SPARQL query can be executed over the KB, and substantial reduction in the number of queries in the more general case.",
}
@inproceedings{elsahar-etal-2017-high,
    title = "High Recall Open {IE} for Relation Discovery",
    author = "Elsahar, Hady  and
      Gravier, Christophe  and
      Laforest, Frederique",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2039",
    pages = "228--233",
    abstract = "Relation Discovery discovers predicates (relation types) from a text corpus relying on the co-occurrence of two named entities in the same sentence. This is a very narrowing constraint: it represents only a small fraction of all relation mentions in practice. In this paper we propose a high recall approach for Open IE, which enables covering up to 16 times more sentences in a large corpus. Comparison against OpenIE systems shows that our proposed approach achieves 28{\%} improvement over the highest recall OpenIE system and 6{\%} improvement in precision than the same system.",
}
@inproceedings{dai-etal-2017-using,
    title = "Using Context Events in Neural Network Models for Event Temporal Status Identification",
    author = "Dai, Zeyu  and
      Yao, Wenlin  and
      Huang, Ruihong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2040",
    pages = "234--239",
    abstract = "Focusing on the task of identifying event temporal status, we find that events directly or indirectly governing the target event in a dependency tree are most important contexts. Therefore, we extract dependency chains containing context events and use them as input in neural network models, which consistently outperform previous models using local context words as input. Visualization verifies that the dependency chain representation can effectively capture the context events which are closely related to the target event and play key roles in predicting event temporal status.",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-etal-2017-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Protein-protein Interactions in Biomedical Literature using Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory",
    author = "Hsieh, Yu-Lun  and
      Chang, Yung-Chun  and
      Chang, Nai-Wen  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2041",
    pages = "240--245",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose a recurrent neural network model for identifying protein-protein interactions in biomedical literature. Experiments on two largest public benchmark datasets, AIMed and BioInfer, demonstrate that our approach significantly surpasses state-of-the-art methods with relative improvements of 10{\%} and 18{\%}, respectively. Cross-corpus evaluation also demonstrate that the proposed model remains robust despite using different training data. These results suggest that RNN can effectively capture semantic relationships among proteins as well as generalizes over different corpora, without any feature engineering.",
}
@inproceedings{khanpour-etal-2017-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Empathetic Messages in Online Health Communities",
    author = "Khanpour, Hamed  and
      Caragea, Cornelia  and
      Biyani, Prakhar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2042",
    pages = "246--251",
    abstract = "Empathy captures one{'}s ability to correlate with and understand others{'} emotional states and experiences. Messages with empathetic content are considered as one of the main advantages for joining online health communities due to their potential to improve people{'}s moods. Unfortunately, to this date, no computational studies exist that automatically identify empathetic messages in online health communities. We propose a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and show that the proposed model outperforms each individual model (CNN and LSTM) as well as several baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{long-etal-2017-fake,
    title = "Fake News Detection Through Multi-Perspective Speaker Profiles",
    author = "Long, Yunfei  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Xiang, Rong  and
      Li, Minglei  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2043",
    pages = "252--256",
    abstract = "Automatic fake news detection is an important, yet very challenging topic. Traditional methods using lexical features have only very limited success. This paper proposes a novel method to incorporate speaker profiles into an attention based LSTM model for fake news detection. Speaker profiles contribute to the model in two ways. One is to include them in the attention model. The other includes them as additional input data. By adding speaker profiles such as party affiliation, speaker title, location and credit history, our model outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 14.5{\%} in accuracy using a benchmark fake news detection dataset. This proves that speaker profiles provide valuable information to validate the credibility of news articles.",
}
@inproceedings{saito-etal-2017-improving,
    title = "Improving Neural Text Normalization with Data Augmentation at Character- and Morphological Levels",
    author = "Saito, Itsumi  and
      Suzuki, Jun  and
      Nishida, Kyosuke  and
      Sadamitsu, Kugatsu  and
      Kobashikawa, Satoshi  and
      Masumura, Ryo  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji  and
      Tomita, Junji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2044",
    pages = "257--262",
    abstract = "In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of augmented data for encoder-decoder-based neural normalization models. Attention based encoder-decoder models are greatly effective in generating many natural languages. {\%} such as machine translation or machine summarization. In general, we have to prepare for a large amount of training data to train an encoder-decoder model. Unlike machine translation, there are few training data for text-normalization tasks. In this paper, we propose two methods for generating augmented data. The experimental results with Japanese dialect normalization indicate that our methods are effective for an encoder-decoder model and achieve higher BLEU score than that of baselines. We also investigated the oracle performance and revealed that there is sufficient room for improving an encoder-decoder model.",
}
@inproceedings{miura-etal-2017-using,
    title = "Using Social Networks to Improve Language Variety Identification with Neural Networks",
    author = "Miura, Yasuhide  and
      Taniguchi, Tomoki  and
      Taniguchi, Motoki  and
      Misawa, Shotaro  and
      Ohkuma, Tomoko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2045",
    pages = "263--270",
    abstract = "We propose a hierarchical neural network model for language variety identification that integrates information from a social network. Recently, language variety identification has enjoyed heightened popularity as an advanced task of language identification. The proposed model uses additional texts from a social network to improve language variety identification from two perspectives. First, they are used to introduce the effects of homophily. Secondly, they are used as expanded training data for shared layers of the proposed model. By introducing information from social networks, the model improved its accuracy by 1.67-5.56. Compared to state-of-the-art baselines, these improved performances are better in English and comparable in Spanish. Furthermore, we analyzed the cases of Portuguese and Arabic when the model showed weak performances, and found that the effect of homophily is likely to be weak due to sparsity and noises compared to languages with the strong performances.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2017-boosting,
    title = "Boosting Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhang, Dakun  and
      Kim, Jungi  and
      Crego, Josep  and
      Senellart, Jean",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2046",
    pages = "271--276",
    abstract = "Training efficiency is one of the main problems for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Deep networks need for very large data as well as many training iterations to achieve state-of-the-art performance. This results in very high computation cost, slowing down research and industrialisation. In this paper, we propose to alleviate this problem with several training methods based on data boosting and bootstrap with no modifications to the neural network. It imitates the learning process of humans, which typically spend more time when learning {``}difficult{''} concepts than easier ones. We experiment on an English-French translation task showing accuracy improvements of up to 1.63 BLEU while saving 20{\%} of training time.",
}
@inproceedings{yamagishi-etal-2017-improving,
    title = "Improving {J}apanese-to-{E}nglish Neural Machine Translation by Voice Prediction",
    author = "Yamagishi, Hayahide  and
      Kanouchi, Shin  and
      Sato, Takayuki  and
      Komachi, Mamoru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2047",
    pages = "277--282",
    abstract = "This study reports an attempt to predict the voice of reference using the information from the input sentences or previous input/output sentences. Our previous study presented a voice controlling method to generate sentences for neural machine translation, wherein it was demonstrated that the BLEU score improved when the voice of generated sentence was controlled relative to that of the reference. However, it is impractical to use the reference information because we cannot discern the voice of the correct translation in advance. Thus, this study presents a voice prediction method for generated sentences for neural machine translation. While evaluating on Japanese-to-English translation, we obtain a 0.70-improvement in the BLEU using the predicted voice.",
}
@inproceedings{kunchukuttan-etal-2017-utilizing,
    title = "Utilizing Lexical Similarity between Related, Low-resource Languages for Pivot-based {SMT}",
    author = "Kunchukuttan, Anoop  and
      Shah, Maulik  and
      Prakash, Pradyot  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2048",
    pages = "283--289",
    abstract = "We investigate pivot-based translation between related languages in a low resource, phrase-based SMT setting. We show that a subword-level pivot-based SMT model using a related pivot language is substantially better than word and morpheme-level pivot models. It is also highly competitive with the best direct translation model, which is encouraging as no direct source-target training corpus is used. We also show that combining multiple related language pivot models can rival a direct translation model. Thus, the use of subwords as translation units coupled with multiple related pivot languages can compensate for the lack of a direct parallel corpus.",
}
@inproceedings{mino-etal-2017-key,
    title = "Key-value Attention Mechanism for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Mino, Hideya  and
      Utiyama, Masao  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2049",
    pages = "290--295",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose a neural machine translation (NMT) with a key-value attention mechanism on the source-side encoder. The key-value attention mechanism separates the source-side content vector into two types of memory known as the key and the value. The key is used for calculating the attention distribution, and the value is used for encoding the context representation. Experiments on three different tasks indicate that our model outperforms an NMT model with a conventional attention mechanism. Furthermore, we perform experiments with a conventional NMT framework, in which a part of the initial value of a weight matrix is set to zero so that the matrix is as the same initial-state as the key-value attention mechanism. As a result, we obtain comparable results with the key-value attention mechanism without changing the network structure.",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-chiang-2017-transfer,
    title = "Transfer Learning across Low-Resource, Related Languages for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Nguyen, Toan Q.  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2050",
    pages = "296--301",
    abstract = "We present a simple method to improve neural translation of a low-resource language pair using parallel data from a related, also low-resource, language pair. The method is based on the transfer method of Zoph et al., but whereas their method ignores any source vocabulary overlap, ours exploits it. First, we split words using Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) to increase vocabulary overlap. Then, we train a model on the first language pair and transfer its parameters, including its source word embeddings, to another model and continue training on the second language pair. Our experiments show that transfer learning helps word-based translation only slightly, but when used on top of a much stronger BPE baseline, it yields larger improvements of up to 4.3 BLEU.",
}
@inproceedings{kim-etal-2017-concept,
    title = "Concept Equalization to Guide Correct Training of Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Kim, Kangil  and
      Shin, Jong-Hun  and
      Na, Seung-Hoon  and
      Jung, SangKeun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2051",
    pages = "302--307",
    abstract = "Neural machine translation decoders are usually conditional language models to sequentially generate words for target sentences. This approach is limited to find the best word composition and requires help of explicit methods as beam search. To help learning correct compositional mechanisms in NMTs, we propose concept equalization using direct mapping distributed representations of source and target sentences. In a translation experiment from English to French, the concept equalization significantly improved translation quality by 3.00 BLEU points compared to a state-of-the-art NMT model.",
}
@inproceedings{dernoncourt-lee-2017-pubmed,
    title = "{P}ub{M}ed 200k {RCT}: a Dataset for Sequential Sentence Classification in Medical Abstracts",
    author = "Dernoncourt, Franck  and
      Lee, Ji Young",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2052",
    pages = "308--313",
    abstract = "We present PubMed 200k RCT, a new dataset based on PubMed for sequential sentence classification. The dataset consists of approximately 200,000 abstracts of randomized controlled trials, totaling 2.3 million sentences. Each sentence of each abstract is labeled with their role in the abstract using one of the following classes: background, objective, method, result, or conclusion. The purpose of releasing this dataset is twofold. First, the majority of datasets for sequential short-text classification (i.e., classification of short texts that appear in sequences) are small: we hope that releasing a new large dataset will help develop more accurate algorithms for this task. Second, from an application perspective, researchers need better tools to efficiently skim through the literature. Automatically classifying each sentence in an abstract would help researchers read abstracts more efficiently, especially in fields where abstracts may be long, such as the medical field.",
}
@inproceedings{miceli-barone-sennrich-2017-parallel,
    title = "A Parallel Corpus of Python Functions and Documentation Strings for Automated Code Documentation and Code Generation",
    author = "Miceli Barone, Antonio Valerio  and
      Sennrich, Rico",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2053",
    pages = "314--319",
    abstract = "Automated documentation of programming source code and automated code generation from natural language are challenging tasks of both practical and scientific interest. Progress in these areas has been limited by the low availability of parallel corpora of code and natural language descriptions, which tend to be small and constrained to specific domains. In this work we introduce a large and diverse parallel corpus of a hundred thousands Python functions with their documentation strings ({``}docstrings{''}) generated by scraping open source repositories on GitHub. We describe baseline results for the code documentation and code generation tasks obtained by neural machine translation. We also experiment with data augmentation techniques to further increase the amount of training data. We release our datasets and processing scripts in order to stimulate research in these areas.",
}
@inproceedings{li-wang-2017-building,
    title = "Building Large {C}hinese Corpus for Spoken Dialogue Research in Specific Domains",
    author = "Li, Changliang  and
      Wang, Xiuying",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2054",
    pages = "320--324",
    abstract = "Corpus is a valuable resource for information retrieval and data-driven natural language processing systems,especially for spoken dialogue research in specific domains. However,there is little non-English corpora, particular for ones in Chinese. Spoken by the nation with the largest population in the world, Chinese become increasingly prevalent and popular among millions of people worldwide. In this paper, we build a large-scale and high-quality Chinese corpus, called CSDC (Chinese Spoken Dialogue Corpus). It contains five domains and more than 140 thousand dialogues in all. Each sentence in this corpus is annotated with slot information additionally compared to other corpora. To our best knowledge, this is the largest Chinese spoken dialogue corpus, as well as the first one with slot information. With this corpus, we proposed a method and did a well-designed experiment. The indicative result is reported at last.",
}
@inproceedings{yeung-lee-2017-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Speakers and Listeners of Quoted Speech in Literary Works",
    author = "Yeung, Chak Yan  and
      Lee, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2055",
    pages = "325--329",
    abstract = "We present the first study that evaluates both speaker and listener identification for direct speech in literary texts. Our approach consists of two steps: identification of speakers and listeners near the quotes, and dialogue chain segmentation. Evaluation results show that this approach outperforms a rule-based approach that is state-of-the-art on a corpus of literary texts.",
}
@inproceedings{ehara-2017-language,
    title = "Language-Independent Prediction of Psycholinguistic Properties of Words",
    author = "Ehara, Yo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2056",
    pages = "330--336",
    abstract = "The psycholinguistic properties of words, namely, word familiarity, age of acquisition, concreteness, and imagery, have been reported to be effective for educational natural language-processing tasks. Previous studies on predicting the values of these properties rely on language-dependent features. This paper is the first to propose a practical language-independent method for predicting such values by using only a large raw corpus in a language. Through experiments, our method successfully predicted the values of these properties in two languages. The results for English were competitive with the reported accuracy achieved using features specific to English.",
}
@inproceedings{yoon-kim-2017-correlation,
    title = "Correlation Analysis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ({COPD}) and its Biomarkers Using the Word Embeddings",
    author = "Yoon, Byeong-Hun  and
      Kim, Yu-Seop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2057",
    pages = "337--342",
    abstract = "It is very costly and time consuming to find new biomarkers for specific diseases in clinical laboratories. In this study, to find new biomarkers most closely related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which is widely known as respiratory disease, biomarkers known to be associated with respiratory diseases and COPD itself were converted into word embedding. And their similarities were measured. We used Word2Vec, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), and Global Vector (GloVe) for word embedding. In order to replace the clinical evaluation, the titles and abstracts of papers retrieved from Google Scholars were analyzed and quantified to estimate the performance of the word em-bedding models.",
}
@inproceedings{asano-etal-2017-reference,
    title = "Reference-based Metrics can be Replaced with Reference-less Metrics in Evaluating Grammatical Error Correction Systems",
    author = "Asano, Hiroki  and
      Mizumoto, Tomoya  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2058",
    pages = "343--348",
    abstract = "In grammatical error correction (GEC), automatically evaluating system outputs requires gold-standard references, which must be created manually and thus tend to be both expensive and limited in coverage. To address this problem, a reference-less approach has recently emerged; however, previous reference-less metrics that only consider the criterion of grammaticality, have not worked as well as reference-based metrics. This study explores the potential of extending a prior grammaticality-based method to establish a reference-less evaluation method for GEC systems. Further, we empirically show that a reference-less metric that combines fluency and meaning preservation with grammaticality provides a better estimate of manual scores than that of commonly used reference-based metrics. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides empirical evidence that a reference-less metric can replace reference-based metrics in evaluating GEC systems.",
}
@inproceedings{garg-etal-2017-cvbed,
    title = "{CVB}ed: Structuring {CV}s using{W}ord Embeddings",
    author = "Garg, Shweta  and
      Singh, Sudhanshu S  and
      Mishra, Abhijit  and
      Dey, Kuntal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2059",
    pages = "349--354",
    abstract = "Automatic analysis of curriculum vitae (CVs) of applicants is of tremendous importance in recruitment scenarios. The semi-structuredness of CVs, however, makes CV processing a challenging task. We propose a solution towards transforming CVs to follow a unified structure, thereby, paving ways for smoother CV analysis. The problem of restructuring is posed as a section relabeling problem, where each section of a given CV gets reassigned to a predefined label. Our relabeling method relies on semantic relatedness computed between section header, content and labels, based on phrase-embeddings learned from a large pool of CVs. We follow different heuristics to measure semantic relatedness. Our best heuristic achieves an F-score of 93.17{\%} on a test dataset with gold-standard labels obtained using manual annotation.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2017-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Diverse Lexical Chains to Construct Essays for {C}hinese College Entrance Examination",
    author = "Li, Liunian  and
      Wan, Xiaojun  and
      Yao, Jin-ge  and
      Yan, Siming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2060",
    pages = "355--360",
    abstract = "In this work we study the challenging task of automatically constructing essays for Chinese college entrance examination where the topic is specified in advance. We explore a sentence extraction framework based on diversified lexical chains to capture coherence and richness. Experimental analysis shows the effectiveness of our approach and reveals the importance of information richness in essay writing.",
}
@inproceedings{han-schlangen-2017-draw,
    title = "Draw and Tell: Multimodal Descriptions Outperform Verbal- or Sketch-Only Descriptions in an Image Retrieval Task",
    author = "Han, Ting  and
      Schlangen, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2061",
    pages = "361--365",
    abstract = "While language conveys meaning largely symbolically, actual communication acts typically contain iconic elements as well: People gesture while they speak, or may even draw sketches while explaining something. Image retrieval prima facie seems like a task that could profit from combined symbolic and iconic reference, but it is typically set up to work either from language only, or via (iconic) sketches with no verbal contribution. Using a model of grounded language semantics and a model of sketch-to-image mapping, we show that adding even very reduced iconic information to a verbal image description improves recall. Verbal descriptions paired with fully detailed sketches still perform better than these sketches alone. We see these results as supporting the assumption that natural user interfaces should respond to multimodal input, where possible, rather than just language alone.",
}
@inproceedings{sakaguchi-etal-2017-grammatical,
    title = "Grammatical Error Correction with Neural Reinforcement Learning",
    author = "Sakaguchi, Keisuke  and
      Post, Matt  and
      Van Durme, Benjamin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2062",
    pages = "366--372",
    abstract = "We propose a neural encoder-decoder model with reinforcement learning (NRL) for grammatical error correction (GEC). Unlike conventional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), the model directly optimizes towards an objective that considers a sentence-level, task-specific evaluation metric, avoiding the exposure bias issue in MLE. We demonstrate that NRL outperforms MLE both in human and automated evaluation metrics, achieving the state-of-the-art on a fluency-oriented GEC corpus.",
}
@inproceedings{ito-etal-2017-coreference,
    title = "Coreference Resolution on Math Problem Text in {J}apanese",
    author = "Ito, Takumi  and
      Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Sato, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2063",
    pages = "373--377",
    abstract = "This paper describes a coreference resolution system for math problem text. Case frame dictionaries and a math taxonomy are utilized for supplying domain knowledge. The system deals with various anaphoric phenomena beyond well-studied entity coreferences.",
}
@inproceedings{toyama-etal-2017-utilizing,
    title = "Utilizing Visual Forms of {J}apanese Characters for Neural Review Classification",
    author = "Toyama, Yota  and
      Miwa, Makoto  and
      Sasaki, Yutaka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2064",
    pages = "378--382",
    abstract = "We propose a novel method that exploits visual information of ideograms and logograms in analyzing Japanese review documents. Our method first converts font images of Japanese characters into character embeddings using convolutional neural networks. It then constructs document embeddings from the character embeddings based on Hierarchical Attention Networks, which represent the documents based on attention mechanisms from a character level to a sentence level. The document embeddings are finally used to predict the labels of documents. Our method provides a way to exploit visual features of characters in languages with ideograms and logograms. In the experiments, our method achieved an accuracy comparable to a character embedding-based model while our method has much fewer parameters since it does not need to keep embeddings of thousands of characters.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-multi,
    title = "A Multi-task Learning Approach to Adapting Bilingual Word Embeddings for Cross-lingual Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Wang, Dingquan  and
      Peng, Nanyun  and
      Duh, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2065",
    pages = "383--388",
    abstract = "We show how to adapt bilingual word embeddings (BWE{'}s) to bootstrap a cross-lingual name-entity recognition (NER) system in a language with no labeled data. We assume a setting where we are given a comparable corpus with NER labels for the source language only; our goal is to build a NER model for the target language. The proposed multi-task model jointly trains bilingual word embeddings while optimizing a NER objective. This creates word embeddings that are both shared between languages and fine-tuned for the NER task.",
}
@inproceedings{mitsuda-etal-2017-investigating,
    title = "Investigating the Effect of Conveying Understanding Results in Chat-Oriented Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Mitsuda, Koh  and
      Higashinaka, Ryuichiro  and
      Tomita, Junji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2066",
    pages = "389--394",
    abstract = "In dialogue systems, conveying understanding results of user utterances is important because it enables users to feel understood by the system. However, it is not clear what types of understanding results should be conveyed to users; some utterances may be offensive and some may be too commonsensical. In this paper, we explored the effect of conveying understanding results of user utterances in a chat-oriented dialogue system by an experiment using human subjects. As a result, we found that only certain types of understanding results, such as those related to a user{'}s permanent state, are effective to improve user satisfaction. This paper clarifies the types of understanding results that can be safely uttered by a system.",
}
@inproceedings{ibeke-etal-2017-extracting,
    title = "Extracting and Understanding Contrastive Opinion through Topic Relevant Sentences",
    author = "Ibeke, Ebuka  and
      Lin, Chenghua  and
      Wyner, Adam  and
      Barawi, Mohamad Hardyman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2067",
    pages = "395--400",
    abstract = "Contrastive opinion mining is essential in identifying, extracting and organising opinions from user generated texts. Most existing studies separate input data into respective collections. In addition, the relationships between the topics extracted and the sentences in the corpus which express the topics are opaque, hindering our understanding of the opinions expressed in the corpus. We propose a novel unified latent variable model (contraLDA) which addresses the above matters. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our model in mining contrasted opinions, outperforming our baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{yimam-etal-2017-cwig3g2,
    title = "{CWIG}3{G}2 - Complex Word Identification Task across Three Text Genres and Two User Groups",
    author = "Yimam, Seid Muhie  and
      {\v{S}}tajner, Sanja  and
      Riedl, Martin  and
      Biemann, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2068",
    pages = "401--407",
    abstract = "Complex word identification (CWI) is an important task in text accessibility. However, due to the scarcity of CWI datasets, previous studies have only addressed this problem on Wikipedia sentences and have solely taken into account the needs of non-native English speakers. We collect a new CWI dataset (CWIG3G2) covering three text genres News, WikiNews, and Wikipedia) annotated by both native and non-native English speakers. Unlike previous datasets, we cover single words, as well as complex phrases, and present them for judgment in a paragraph context. We present the first study on cross-genre and cross-group CWI, showing measurable influences in native language and genre types.",
}
@inproceedings{akama-etal-2017-generating,
    title = "Generating Stylistically Consistent Dialog Responses with Transfer Learning",
    author = "Akama, Reina  and
      Inada, Kazuaki  and
      Inoue, Naoya  and
      Kobayashi, Sosuke  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2069",
    pages = "408--412",
    abstract = "We propose a novel, data-driven, and stylistically consistent dialog response generation system. To create a user-friendly system, it is crucial to make generated responses not only appropriate but also stylistically consistent. For leaning both the properties effectively, our proposed framework has two training stages inspired by transfer learning. First, we train the model to generate appropriate responses, and then we ensure that the responses have a specific style. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method produces stylistically consistent responses while maintaining the appropriateness of the responses learned in a general domain.",
}
@inproceedings{ni-wang-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning to Explain Non-Standard {E}nglish Words and Phrases",
    author = "Ni, Ke  and
      Wang, William Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2070",
    pages = "413--417",
    abstract = "We describe a data-driven approach for automatically explaining new, non-standard English expressions in a given sentence, building on a large dataset that includes 15 years of crowdsourced examples from UrbanDictionary.com. Unlike prior studies that focus on matching keywords from a slang dictionary, we investigate the possibility of learning a neural sequence-to-sequence model that generates explanations of unseen non-standard English expressions given context. We propose a dual encoder approach{---}a word-level encoder learns the representation of context, and a second character-level encoder to learn the hidden representation of the target non-standard expression. Our model can produce reasonable definitions of new non-standard English expressions given their context with certain confidence.",
}
@inproceedings{chali-etal-2017-towards,
    title = "Towards Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization Using Submodular Function-Based Framework, Sentence Compression and Merging",
    author = "Chali, Yllias  and
      Tanvee, Moin  and
      Nayeem, Mir Tafseer",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2071",
    pages = "418--424",
    abstract = "We propose a submodular function-based summarization system which integrates three important measures namely importance, coverage, and non-redundancy to detect the important sentences for the summary. We design monotone and submodular functions which allow us to apply an efficient and scalable greedy algorithm to obtain informative and well-covered summaries. In addition, we integrate two abstraction-based methods namely sentence compression and merging for generating an abstractive sentence set. We design our summarization models for both generic and query-focused summarization. Experimental results on DUC-2004 and DUC-2007 datasets show that our generic and query-focused summarizers have outperformed the state-of-the-art summarization systems in terms of ROUGE-1 and ROUGE-2 recall and F-measure.",
}
@inproceedings{fu-etal-2017-domain,
    title = "Domain Adaptation for Relation Extraction with Domain Adversarial Neural Network",
    author = "Fu, Lisheng  and
      Nguyen, Thien Huu  and
      Min, Bonan  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2072",
    pages = "425--429",
    abstract = "Relations are expressed in many domains such as newswire, weblogs and phone conversations. Trained on a source domain, a relation extractor{'}s performance degrades when applied to target domains other than the source. A common yet labor-intensive method for domain adaptation is to construct a target-domain-specific labeled dataset for adapting the extractor. In response, we present an unsupervised domain adaptation method which only requires labels from the source domain. Our method is a joint model consisting of a CNN-based relation classifier and a domain-adversarial classifier. The two components are optimized jointly to learn a domain-independent representation for prediction on the target domain. Our model outperforms the state-of-the-art on all three test domains of ACE 2005.",
}
@inproceedings{pereira-etal-2017-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Simplification with the Deep Structured Similarity Model",
    author = "Pereira, Lis  and
      Liu, Xiaodong  and
      Lee, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2073",
    pages = "430--435",
    abstract = "We explore the application of a Deep Structured Similarity Model (DSSM) to ranking in lexical simplification. Our results show that the DSSM can effectively capture fine-grained features to perform semantic matching when ranking substitution candidates, outperforming the state-of-the-art on two standard datasets used for the task.",
}
@inproceedings{hitomi-etal-2017-proofread,
    title = "Proofread Sentence Generation as Multi-Task Learning with Editing Operation Prediction",
    author = "Hitomi, Yuta  and
      Tamori, Hideaki  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Inui, Kentaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2074",
    pages = "436--441",
    abstract = "This paper explores the idea of robot editors, automated proofreaders that enable journalists to improve the quality of their articles. We propose a novel neural model of multi-task learning that both generates proofread sentences and predicts the editing operations required to rewrite the source sentences and create the proofread ones. The model is trained using logs of the revisions made professional editors revising draft newspaper articles written by journalists. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our multi-task learning approach and the potential value of using revision logs for this task.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-bunescu-2017-exploration,
    title = "An Exploration of Data Augmentation and {RNN} Architectures for Question Ranking in Community Question Answering",
    author = "Chen, Charles  and
      Bunescu, Razvan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2075",
    pages = "442--447",
    abstract = "The automation of tasks in community question answering (cQA) is dominated by machine learning approaches, whose performance is often limited by the number of training examples. Starting from a neural sequence learning approach with attention, we explore the impact of two data augmentation techniques on question ranking performance: a method that swaps reference questions with their paraphrases, and training on examples automatically selected from external datasets. Both methods are shown to lead to substantial gains in accuracy over a strong baseline. Further improvements are obtained by changing the model architecture to mirror the structure seen in the data.",
}
@inproceedings{xia-yarowsky-2017-deriving,
    title = "Deriving Consensus for Multi-Parallel Corpora: an {E}nglish {B}ible Study",
    author = "Xia, Patrick  and
      Yarowsky, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-2076",
    pages = "448--453",
    abstract = "What can you do with multiple noisy versions of the same text? We present a method which generates a single consensus between multi-parallel corpora. By maximizing a function of linguistic features between word pairs, we jointly learn a single corpus-wide multiway alignment: a consensus between 27 versions of the English Bible. We additionally produce English paraphrases, word-level distributions of tags, and consensus dependency parses. Our method is language independent and applicable to any multi-parallel corpora. Given the Bible{'}s unique role as alignable bitext for over 800 of the world{'}s languages, this consensus alignment and resulting resources offer value for multilingual annotation projection, and also shed potential insights into the Bible itself.",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2017-ijcnlp,
    title = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    author = "Park, Seong-Bae  and
      Supnithi, Thepchai",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3000",
}
@inproceedings{paetzold-etal-2017-massalign,
    title = "{MASSA}lign: Alignment and Annotation of Comparable Documents",
    author = "Paetzold, Gustavo  and
      Alva-Manchego, Fernando  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3001",
    pages = "1--4",
    abstract = "We introduce MASSAlign: a Python library for the alignment and annotation of monolingual comparable documents. MASSAlign offers easy-to-use access to state of the art algorithms for paragraph and sentence-level alignment, as well as novel algorithms for word-level annotation of transformation operations between aligned sentences. In addition, MASSAlign provides a visualization module to display and analyze the alignments and annotations performed.",
}
@inproceedings{van-durme-etal-2017-cadet,
    title = "{CADET}: Computer Assisted Discovery Extraction and Translation",
    author = "Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Lippincott, Tom  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Burchfield, Deana  and
      Poliak, Adam  and
      Costello, Cash  and
      Finin, Tim  and
      Miller, Scott  and
      Mayfield, James  and
      Koehn, Philipp  and
      Harman, Craig  and
      Lawrie, Dawn  and
      May, Chandler  and
      Thomas, Max  and
      Carrell, Annabelle  and
      Chaloux, Julianne  and
      Chen, Tongfei  and
      Comerford, Alex  and
      Dredze, Mark  and
      Glass, Benjamin  and
      Hao, Shudong  and
      Martin, Patrick  and
      Rastogi, Pushpendre  and
      Sankepally, Rashmi  and
      Wolfe, Travis  and
      Tran, Ying-Ying  and
      Zhang, Ted",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3002",
    pages = "5--8",
    abstract = "Computer Assisted Discovery Extraction and Translation (CADET) is a workbench for helping knowledge workers find, label, and translate documents of interest. It combines a multitude of analytics together with a flexible environment for customizing the workflow for different users. This open-source framework allows for easy development of new research prototypes using a micro-service architecture based atop Docker and Apache Thrift.",
}
@inproceedings{noh-etal-2017-wisereporter,
    title = "{W}ise{R}eporter: A {K}orean Report Generation System",
    author = "Noh, Yunseok  and
      Choi, Su Jeong  and
      Park, Seong-Bae  and
      Park, Se-Young",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3003",
    pages = "9--12",
    abstract = "We demonstrate a report generation system called WiseReporter. The WiseReporter generates a text report of a specific topic which is usually given as a keyword by verbalizing knowledge base facts involving the topic. This demonstration does not demonstate only the report itself, but also the processes how the sentences for the report are generated. We are planning to enhance WiseReporter in the future by adding data analysis based on deep learning architecture and text summarization.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-encyclolink,
    title = "{E}ncyclolink: A Cross-Encyclopedia,Cross-language Article-Linking System and Web-based Search Interface",
    author = "Wang, Yu-Chun  and
      Wong, Ka Ming  and
      Wu, Chun-Kai  and
      Pan, Chao-Lin  and
      Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3004",
    pages = "13--16",
    abstract = "Cross-language article linking (CLAL) is the task of finding corresponding article pairs across encyclopedias of different languages. In this paper, we present Encyclolink, a web-based CLAL search interface designed to help users find equivalent encyclopedia articles in Baidu Baike for a given English Wikipedia article title query. Encyclolink is powered by our cross-encyclopedia entity embedding CLAL system (0.8 MRR). The browser-based Interface provides users with a clear and easily readable preview of the contents of retrieved articles for comparison.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-telecom,
    title = "A Telecom-Domain Online Customer Service Assistant Based on Question Answering with Word Embedding and Intent Classification",
    author = "Wang, Jui-Yang  and
      Kuo, Min-Feng  and
      Han, Jen-Chieh  and
      Shih, Chao-Chuang  and
      Chen, Chun-Hsun  and
      Lee, Po-Ching  and
      Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3005",
    pages = "17--20",
    abstract = "In the paper, we propose an information retrieval based (IR-based) Question Answering (QA) system to assist online customer service staffs respond users in the telecom domain. When user asks a question, the system retrieves a set of relevant answers and ranks them. Moreover, our system uses a novel reranker to enhance the ranking result of information retrieval.It employs the word2vec model to represent the sentences as vectors. It also uses a sub-category feature, predicted by the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Finally, the system returns the top five candidate answers, making online staffs find answers much more efficiently.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-totemss,
    title = "{TOTEMSS}: Topic-based, Temporal Sentiment Summarisation for Twitter",
    author = "Wang, Bo  and
      Liakata, Maria  and
      Tsakalidis, Adam  and
      Georgakopoulos Kolaitis, Spiros  and
      Papadopoulos, Symeon  and
      Apostolidis, Lazaros  and
      Zubiaga, Arkaitz  and
      Procter, Rob  and
      Kompatsiaris, Yiannis",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3006",
    pages = "21--24",
    abstract = "We present a system for time sensitive, topic based summarisation of the sentiment around target entities and topics in collections of tweets. We describe the main elements of the system and illustrate its functionality with two examples of sentiment analysis of topics related to the 2017 UK general election.",
}
@inproceedings{scarton-etal-2017-musst,
    title = "{MUSST}: A Multilingual Syntactic Simplification Tool",
    author = "Scarton, Carolina  and
      Palmero Aprosio, Alessio  and
      Tonelli, Sara  and
      Mart{\'\i}n Wanton, Tamara  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3007",
    pages = "25--28",
    abstract = "We describe MUSST, a multilingual syntactic simplification tool. The tool supports sentence simplifications for English, Italian and Spanish, and can be easily extended to other languages. Our implementation includes a set of general-purpose simplification rules, as well as a sentence selection module (to select sentences to be simplified) and a confidence model (to select only promising simplifications). The tool was implemented in the context of the European project SIMPATICO on text simplification for Public Administration (PA) texts. Our evaluation on sentences in the PA domain shows that we obtain correct simplifications for 76{\%} of the simplified cases in English, 71{\%} of the cases in Spanish. For Italian, the results are lower (38{\%}) but the tool is still under development.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-xmu,
    title = "{XMU} Neural Machine Translation Online Service",
    author = "Wang, Boli  and
      Tan, Zhixing  and
      Hu, Jinming  and
      Chen, Yidong  and
      Shi, Xiaodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3008",
    pages = "29--32",
    abstract = "We demonstrate a neural machine translation web service. Our NMT service provides web-based translation interfaces for a variety of language pairs. We describe the architecture of NMT runtime pipeline and the training details of NMT models. We also show several applications of our online translation interfaces.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-semantics,
    title = "Semantics-Enhanced Task-Oriented Dialogue Translation: A Case Study on Hotel Booking",
    author = "Wang, Longyue  and
      Du, Jinhua  and
      Li, Liangyou  and
      Tu, Zhaopeng  and
      Way, Andy  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3009",
    pages = "33--36",
    abstract = "We showcase TODAY, a semantics-enhanced task-oriented dialogue translation system, whose novelties are: (i) task-oriented named entity (NE) definition and a hybrid strategy for NE recognition and translation; and (ii) a novel grounded semantic method for dialogue understanding and task-order management. TODAY is a case-study demo which can efficiently and accurately assist customers and agents in different languages to reach an agreement in a dialogue for the hotel booking.",
}
@inproceedings{pham-etal-2017-nnvlp,
    title = "{NNVLP}: A Neural Network-Based {V}ietnamese Language Processing Toolkit",
    author = "Pham, Thai-Hoang  and
      Pham, Xuan-Khoai  and
      Nguyen, Tuan-Anh  and
      Le-Hong, Phuong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3010",
    pages = "37--40",
    abstract = "This paper demonstrates neural network-based toolkit namely NNVLP for essential Vietnamese language processing tasks including part-of-speech (POS) tagging, chunking, Named Entity Recognition (NER). Our toolkit is a combination of bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Conditional Random Field (CRF), using pre-trained word embeddings as input, which outperforms previously published toolkits on these three tasks. We provide both of API and web demo for this toolkit.",
}
@inproceedings{peinelt-etal-2017-classifierguesser,
    title = "{C}lassifier{G}uesser: A Context-based Classifier Prediction System for {C}hinese Language Learners",
    author = "Peinelt, Nicole  and
      Liakata, Maria  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3011",
    pages = "41--44",
    abstract = "Classifiers are function words that are used to express quantities in Chinese and are especially difficult for language learners. In contrast to previous studies, we argue that the choice of classifiers is highly contextual and train context-aware machine learning models based on a novel publicly available dataset, outperforming previous baselines. We further present use cases for our database and models in an interactive demo system.",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2017-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Difficulty Assessment for {C}hinese Texts",
    author = "Lee, John  and
      Liu, Meichun  and
      Lam, Chun Yin  and
      Lau, Tak On  and
      Li, Bing  and
      Li, Keying",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3012",
    pages = "45--48",
    abstract = "We present a web-based interface that automatically assesses reading difficulty of Chinese texts. The system performs word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging and dependency parsing on the input text, and then determines the difficulty levels of the vocabulary items and grammatical constructions in the text. Furthermore, the system highlights the words and phrases that must be simplified or re-written in order to conform to the user-specified target difficulty level. Evaluation results show that the system accurately identifies the vocabulary level of 89.9{\%} of the words, and detects grammar points at 0.79 precision and 0.83 recall.",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2017-verb,
    title = "Verb Replacer: An {E}nglish Verb Error Correction System",
    author = "Wu, Yu-Hsuan  and
      Chen, Jhih-Jie  and
      Chang, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3013",
    pages = "49--52",
    abstract = "According to the analysis of Cambridge Learner Corpus, using a wrong verb is the most common type of grammatical errors. This paper describes Verb Replacer, a system for detecting and correcting potential verb errors in a given sentence. In our approach, alternative verbs are considered to replace the verb based on an error-annotated corpus and verb-object collocations. The method involves applying regression on channel models, parsing the sentence, identifying the verbs, retrieving a small set of alternative verbs, and evaluating each alternative. Our method combines and improves channel and language models, resulting in high recall of detecting and correcting verb misuse.",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning Synchronous Grammar Patterns for Assisted Writing for Second Language Learners",
    author = "Wu, Chi-En  and
      Chen, Jhih-Jie  and
      Chang, Jim  and
      Chang, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3014",
    pages = "53--56",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present a method for extracting Synchronous Grammar Patterns (SGPs) from a given parallel corpus in order to assisted second language learners in writing. A grammar pattern consists of a head word (verb, noun, or adjective) and its syntactic environment. A synchronous grammar pattern describes a grammar pattern in the target language (e.g., English) and its counterpart in an other language (e.g., Mandarin), serving the purpose of native language support. Our method involves identifying the grammar patterns in the target language, aligning these patterns with the target language patterns, and finally filtering valid SGPs. The extracted SGPs with examples are then used to develop a prototype writing assistant system, called WriteAhead/bilingual. Evaluation on a set of randomly selected SGPs shows that our system provides satisfactory writing suggestions for English as a Second Language (ESL) learners.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2017-guess,
    title = "Guess What: A Question Answering Game via On-demand Knowledge Validation",
    author = "Li, Yu-Sheng  and
      Tseng, Chien-Hui  and
      Huang, Chian-Yun  and
      Ma, Wei-Yun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3015",
    pages = "57--60",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose an idea of ondemand knowledge validation and fulfill the idea through an interactive Question-Answering (QA) game system, which is named Guess What. An object (e.g. dog) is first randomly chosen by the system, and then a user can repeatedly ask the system questions in natural language to guess what the object is. The system would respond with yes/no along with a confidence score. Some useful hints can also be given if needed. The proposed framework provides a pioneering example of on-demand knowledge validation in dialog environment to address such needs in AI agents/chatbots. Moreover, the released log data that the system gathered can be used to identify the most critical concepts/attributes of an existing knowledge base, which reflects human{'}s cognition about the world.",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2017-stcp,
    title = "{STCP}: Simplified-Traditional {C}hinese Conversion and Proofreading",
    author = "Xu, Jiarui  and
      Ma, Xuezhe  and
      Tsai, Chen-Tse  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3016",
    pages = "61--64",
    abstract = "This paper aims to provide an effective tool for conversion between Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese. We present STCP, a customizable system comprising statistical conversion model, and proofreading web interface. Experiments show that our system achieves comparable character-level conversion performance with the state-of-art systems. In addition, our proofreading interface can effectively support diagnostics and data annotation. STCP is available at \url{http://lagos.lti.cs.cmu.edu:8002/}",
}
@inproceedings{mehta-etal-2017-deep,
    title = "Deep Neural Network based system for solving Arithmetic Word problems",
    author = "Mehta, Purvanshi  and
      Mishra, Pruthwik  and
      Athavale, Vinayak  and
      Shrivastava, Manish  and
      Sharma, Dipti",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, System Demonstrations",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Tapei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-3017",
    pages = "65--68",
    abstract = "This paper presents DILTON a system which solves simple arithmetic word problems. DILTON uses a Deep Neural based model to solve math word problems. DILTON divides the question into two parts - worldstate and query. The worldstate and the query are processed separately in two different networks and finally, the networks are merged to predict the final operation. We report the first deep learning approach for the prediction of operation between two numbers. DILTON learns to predict operations with 88.81{\%} accuracy in a corpus of primary school questions.",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2017-ijcnlp-2017,
    title = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    author = "Liu, Chao-Hong  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      Xue, Nianwen",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4000",
}
@inproceedings{rao-etal-2017-ijcnlp,
    title = "{IJCNLP}-2017 Task 1: {C}hinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis",
    author = "Rao, Gaoqi  and
      Zhang, Baolin  and
      Xun, Endong  and
      Lee, Lung-Hao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4001",
    pages = "1--8",
    abstract = "This paper presents the IJCNLP 2017 shared task for Chinese grammatical error diagnosis (CGED) which seeks to identify grammatical error types and their range of occurrence within sentences written by learners of Chinese as foreign language. We describe the task definition, data preparation, performance metrics, and evaluation results. Of the 13 teams registered for this shared task, 5 teams developed the system and submitted a total of 13 runs. We expected this evaluation campaign could lead to the development of more advanced NLP techniques for educational applications, especially for Chinese error detection. All data sets with gold standards and scoring scripts are made publicly available to researchers.",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2017-ijcnlp,
    title = "{IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for {C}hinese Phrases",
    author = "Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Lee, Lung-Hao  and
      Wang, Jin  and
      Wong, Kam-Fai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4002",
    pages = "9--16",
    abstract = "This paper presents the IJCNLP 2017 shared task on Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for Chinese Phrases (DSAP) which seeks to identify a real-value sentiment score of Chinese single words and multi-word phrases in the both valence and arousal dimensions. Valence represents the degree of pleasant and unpleasant (or positive and negative) feelings, and arousal represents the degree of excitement and calm. Of the 19 teams registered for this shared task for two-dimensional sentiment analysis, 13 submitted results. We expected that this evaluation campaign could produce more advanced dimensional sentiment analysis techniques, especially for Chinese affective computing. All data sets with gold standards and scoring script are made publicly available to researchers.",
}
@inproceedings{kumar-singh-etal-2017-ijcnlp,
    title = "IJCNLP-2017 Task 3: Review Opinion Diversification (RevOpiD-2017)",
    author = "Kumar Singh, Anil  and
      Thawani, Avijit  and
      Panchal, Mayank  and
      Gupta, Anubhav  and
      McAuley, Julian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4003",
    pages = "17--25",
    abstract = "Unlike Entity Disambiguation in web search results, Opinion Disambiguation is a relatively unexplored topic. RevOpiD shared task at IJCNLP-2107 aimed to attract attention towards this research problem. In this paper, we summarize the first run of this task and introduce a new dataset that we have annotated for the purpose of evaluating Opinion Mining, Summarization and Disambiguation methods.",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2017-ijcnlp,
    title = "{IJCNLP}-2017 Task 4: Customer Feedback Analysis",
    author = "Liu, Chao-Hong  and
      Moriya, Yasufumi  and
      Poncelas, Alberto  and
      Groves, Declan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4004",
    pages = "26--33",
    abstract = "This document introduces the IJCNLP 2017 Shared Task on Customer Feedback Analysis. In this shared task we have prepared corpora of customer feedback in four languages, i.e. English, French, Spanish and Japanese. They were annotated in a common meanings categorization, which was improved from an ADAPT-Microsoft pivot study on customer feedback. Twenty teams participated in the shared task and twelve of them have submitted prediction results. The results show that performance of prediction meanings of customer feedback is reasonable well in four languages. Nine system description papers are archived in the shared tasks proceeding.",
}
@inproceedings{guo-etal-2017-ijcnlp,
    title = "{IJCNLP}-2017 Task 5: Multi-choice Question Answering in Examinations",
    author = "Guo, Shangmin  and
      Liu, Kang  and
      He, Shizhu  and
      Liu, Cao  and
      Zhao, Jun  and
      Wei, Zhuoyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4005",
    pages = "34--40",
    abstract = "The IJCNLP-2017 Multi-choice Question Answering(MCQA) task aims at exploring the performance of current Question Answering(QA) techniques via the realworld complex questions collected from Chinese Senior High School Entrance Examination papers and CK12 website1. The questions are all 4-way multi-choice questions writing in Chinese and English respectively that cover a wide range of subjects, e.g. Biology, History, Life Science and etc. And, all questions are restrained within the elementary and middle school level. During the whole procedure of this task, 7 teams submitted 323 runs in total. This paper describes the collected data, the format and size of these questions, formal run statistics and results, overview and performance statistics of different methods",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2017-alibaba,
    title = "{A}libaba at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 1: Embedding Grammatical Features into {LSTM}s for {C}hinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis Task",
    author = "Yang, Yi  and
      Xie, Pengjun  and
      Tao, Jun  and
      Xu, Guangwei  and
      Li, Linlin  and
      Si, Luo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4006",
    pages = "41--46",
    abstract = "This paper introduces Alibaba NLP team system on IJCNLP 2017 shared task No. 1 Chinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis (CGED). The task is to diagnose four types of grammatical errors which are redundant words (R), missing words (M), bad word selection (S) and disordered words (W). We treat the task as a sequence tagging problem and design some handcraft features to solve it. Our system is mainly based on the LSTM-CRF model and 3 ensemble strategies are applied to improve the performance. At the identification level and the position level our system gets the highest F1 scores. At the position level, which is the most difficult level, we perform best on all metrics.",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2017-thu,
    title = "{THU}{\_}{NGN} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for {C}hinese Phrases with Deep {LSTM}",
    author = "Wu, Chuhan  and
      Wu, Fangzhao  and
      Huang, Yongfeng  and
      Wu, Sixing  and
      Yuan, Zhigang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4007",
    pages = "47--52",
    abstract = "Predicting valence-arousal ratings for words and phrases is very useful for constructing affective resources for dimensional sentiment analysis. Since the existing valence-arousal resources of Chinese are mainly in word-level and there is a lack of phrase-level ones, the Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for Chinese Phrases (DSAP) task aims to predict the valence-arousal ratings for Chinese affective words and phrases automatically. In this task, we propose an approach using a densely connected LSTM network and word features to identify dimensional sentiment on valence and arousal for words and phrases jointly. We use word embedding as major feature and choose part of speech (POS) and word clusters as additional features to train the dense LSTM network. The evaluation results of our submissions (1st and 2nd in average performance) validate the effectiveness of our system to predict valence and arousal dimensions for Chinese words and phrases.",
}
@inproceedings{mishra-etal-2017-iiit,
    title = "{IIIT}-H at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 3: A Bidirectional-{LSTM} Approach for Review Opinion Diversification",
    author = "Mishra, Pruthwik  and
      Danda, Prathyusha  and
      Kanneganti, Silpa  and
      Lanka, Soujanya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4008",
    pages = "53--58",
    abstract = "The Review Opinion Diversification (Revopid-2017) shared task focuses on selecting top-k reviews from a set of reviews for a particular product based on a specific criteria. In this paper, we describe our approaches and results for modeling the ranking of reviews based on their usefulness score, this being the first of the three subtasks under this shared task. Instead of posing this as a regression problem, we modeled this as a classification task where we want to identify whether a review is useful or not. We employed a bi-directional LSTM to represent each review and is used with a softmax layer to predict the usefulness score. We chose the review with highest usefulness score, then find its cosine similarity score with rest of the reviews. This is done in order to ensure diversity in the selection of top-k reviews. On the top-5 list prediction, we finished 3rd while in top-10 list one, we are placed 2nd in the shared task. We have discussed the model and the results in detail in the paper.",
}
@inproceedings{elfardy-etal-2017-bingo,
    title = "Bingo at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 4: Augmenting Data using Machine Translation for Cross-linguistic Customer Feedback Classification",
    author = "Elfardy, Heba  and
      Srivastava, Manisha  and
      Xiao, Wei  and
      Kramer, Jared  and
      Agarwal, Tarun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4009",
    pages = "59--66",
    abstract = "The ability to automatically and accurately process customer feedback is a necessity in the private sector. Unfortunately, customer feedback can be one of the most difficult types of data to work with due to the sheer volume and variety of services, products, languages, and cultures that comprise the customer experience. In order to address this issue, our team built a suite of classifiers trained on a four-language, multi-label corpus released as part of the shared task on {``}Customer Feedback Analysis{''} at IJCNLP 2017. In addition to standard text preprocessing, we translated each dataset into each other language to increase the size of the training datasets. Additionally, we also used word embeddings in our feature engineering step. Ultimately, we trained classifiers using Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks. Overall, we achieved a Macro-Average F-score between 48.7{\%} and 56.0{\%} for the four languages and ranked 3/12 for English, 3/7 for Spanish, 1/8 for French, and 2/7 for Japanese.",
}
@inproceedings{dzendzik-etal-2017-adapt,
    title = "{ADAPT} Centre Cone Team at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 5: A Similarity-Based Logistic Regression Approach to Multi-choice Question Answering in an Examinations Shared Task",
    author = "Dzendzik, Daria  and
      Poncelas, Alberto  and
      Vogel, Carl  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4010",
    pages = "67--72",
    abstract = "We describe the work of a team from the ADAPT Centre in Ireland in addressing automatic answer selection for the Multi-choice Question Answering in Examinations shared task. The system is based on a logistic regression over the string similarities between question, answer, and additional text. We obtain the highest grade out of six systems: 48.7{\%} accuracy on a validation set (vs. a baseline of 29.45{\%}) and 45.6{\%} on a test set.",
}
@inproceedings{liao-etal-2017-ynu,
    title = "{YNU}-{HPCC} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 1: {C}hinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis Using a Bi-directional {LSTM}-{CRF} Model",
    author = "Liao, Quanlei  and
      Wang, Jin  and
      Yang, Jinnan  and
      Zhang, Xuejie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4011",
    pages = "73--77",
    abstract = "Building a system to detect Chinese grammatical errors is a challenge for natural-language processing researchers. As Chinese learners are increasing, developing such a system can help them study Chinese more easily. This paper introduces a bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) - conditional random field (CRF) model to produce the sequences that indicate an error type for every position of a sentence, since we regard Chinese grammatical error diagnosis (CGED) as a sequence-labeling problem.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2017-cvte,
    title = "{CVTE} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 1: Character Checking System for {C}hinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis Task",
    author = "Li, Xian  and
      Wang, Peng  and
      Wang, Suixue  and
      Jiang, Guanyu  and
      You, Tianyuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4012",
    pages = "78--83",
    abstract = "Grammatical error diagnosis is an important task in natural language processing. This paper introduces CVTE Character Checking System in the NLP-TEA-4 shared task for CGED 2017, we use Bi-LSTM to generate the probability of every character, then take two kinds of strategies to decide whether a character is correct or not. This system is probably more suitable to deal with the error type of bad word selection, which is one of four types of errors, and the rest are words re-dundancy, words missing and words disorder. Finally the second strategy achieves better F1 score than the first one at all of detection level, identification level, position level.",
}
@inproceedings{zhong-wang-2017-ldccnlp,
    title = "{LDCCNLP} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for {C}hinese Phrases Using Machine Learning",
    author = "Zhong, Peng  and
      Wang, Jingbin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4013",
    pages = "84--88",
    abstract = "Sentiment analysis on Chinese text has intensively studied. The basic task for related research is to construct an affective lexicon and thereby predict emotional scores of different levels. However, finite lexicon resources make it difficult to effectively and automatically distinguish between various types of sentiment information in Chinese texts. This IJCNLP2017-Task2 competition seeks to automatically calculate Valence and Arousal ratings within the hierarchies of vocabulary and phrases in Chinese. We introduce a regression methodology to automatically recognize continuous emotional values, and incorporate a word embedding technique. In our system, the MAE predictive values of Valence and Arousal were 0.811 and 0.996, respectively, for the sentiment dimension prediction of words in Chinese. In phrase prediction, the corresponding results were 0.822 and 0.489, ranking sixth among all teams.",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2017-ckip,
    title = "{CKIP} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: Neural Valence-Arousal Prediction for Phrases",
    author = "Li, Peng-Hsuan  and
      Ma, Wei-Yun  and
      Wang, Hsin-Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4014",
    pages = "89--94",
    abstract = "CKIP takes part in solving the Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for Chinese Phrases (DSAP) share task of IJCNLP 2017. This task calls for systems that can predict the valence and the arousal of Chinese phrases, which are real values between 1 and 9. To achieve this, functions mapping Chinese character sequences to real numbers are built by regression techniques. In addition, the CKIP phrase Valence-Arousal (VA) predictor depends on knowledge of modifier words and head words. This includes the types of known modifier words, VA of head words, and distributional semantics of both these words. The predictor took the second place out of 13 teams on phrase VA prediction, with 0.444 MAE and 0.935 PCC on valence, and 0.395 MAE and 0.904 PCC on arousal.",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2017-cial,
    title = "{CIAL} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: An Ensemble Valence-Arousal Analysis System for {C}hinese Words and Phrases",
    author = "Lin, Zheng-Wen  and
      Chang, Yung-Chun  and
      Wang, Chen-Ann  and
      Hsieh, Yu-Lun  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4015",
    pages = "95--99",
    abstract = "Sentiment lexicon is very helpful in dimensional sentiment applications. Because of countless Chinese words, developing a method to predict unseen Chinese words is required. The proposed method can handle both words and phrases by using an ADVWeight List for word prediction, which in turn improves our performance at phrase level. The evaluation results demonstrate that our system is effective in dimensional sentiment analysis for Chinese phrases. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Pearson{'}s Correlation Coefficient (PCC) for Valence are 0.723 and 0.835, respectively, and those for Arousal are 0.914 and 0.756, respectively.",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2017-alibaba,
    title = "{A}libaba at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: A Boosted Deep System for Dimensional Sentiment Analysis of {C}hinese Phrases",
    author = "Zhou, Xin  and
      Wang, Jian  and
      Xie, Xu  and
      Sun, Changlong  and
      Si, Luo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4016",
    pages = "100--104",
    abstract = "This paper introduces Team Alibaba{'}s systems participating IJCNLP 2017 shared task No. 2 Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for Chinese Phrases (DSAP). The systems mainly utilize a multi-layer neural networks, with multiple features input such as word embedding, part-of-speech-tagging (POST), word clustering, prefix type, character embedding, cross sentiment input, and AdaBoost method for model training. For word level task our best run achieved MAE 0.545 (ranked 2nd), PCC 0.892 (ranked 2nd) in valence prediction and MAE 0.857 (ranked 1st), PCC 0.678 (ranked 2nd) in arousal prediction. For average performance of word and phrase task we achieved MAE 0.5355 (ranked 3rd), PCC 0.8965 (ranked 3rd) in valence prediction and MAE 0.661 (ranked 3rd), PCC 0.766 (ranked 2nd) in arousal prediction. In the final our submitted system achieved 2nd in mean rank.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2017-nlpsa,
    title = "{NLPSA} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: Imagine Scenario: Leveraging Supportive Images for Dimensional Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Chen, Szu-Min  and
      Chen, Zi-Yuan  and
      Ku, Lun-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4017",
    pages = "105--111",
    abstract = "Categorical sentiment classification has drawn much attention in the field of NLP, while less work has been conducted for dimensional sentiment analysis (DSA). Recent works for DSA utilize either word embedding, knowledge base features, or bilingual language resources. In this paper, we propose our model for IJCNLP 2017 Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for Chinese Phrases shared task. Our model incorporates word embedding as well as image features, attempting to simulate human{'}s imaging behavior toward sentiment analysis. Though the performance is not comparable to others in the end, we conduct several experiments with possible reasons discussed, and analyze the drawbacks of our model.",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-etal-2017-ncyu,
    title = "{NCYU} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: Dimensional Sentiment Analysis for {C}hinese Phrases using Vector Representations",
    author = "Yeh, Jui-Feng  and
      Tsai, Jian-Cheng  and
      Wu, Bo-Wei  and
      Kuang, Tai-You",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4018",
    pages = "112--117",
    abstract = "This paper presents two vector representations proposed by National Chiayi University (NCYU) about phrased-based sentiment detection which was used to compete in dimensional sentiment analysis for Chinese phrases (DSACP) at IJCNLP 2017. The vector-based sentiment phraselike unit analysis models are proposed in this article. E-HowNet-based clustering is used to obtain the values of valence and arousal for sentiment words first. An out-of-vocabulary function is also defined in this article to measure the dimensional emotion values for unknown words. For predicting the corresponding values of sentiment phrase-like unit, a vectorbased approach is proposed here. According to the experimental results, we can find the proposed approach is efficacious.",
}
@inproceedings{benajiba-etal-2017-mainiwayai,
    title = "{M}ainiway{AI} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: Ensembles of Deep Architectures for Valence-Arousal Prediction",
    author = "Benajiba, Yassine  and
      Sun, Jin  and
      Zhang, Yong  and
      Weng, Zhiliang  and
      Biran, Or",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4019",
    pages = "118--123",
    abstract = "This paper introduces Mainiway AI Labs submitted system for the IJCNLP 2017 shared task on Dimensional Sentiment Analysis of Chinese Phrases (DSAP), and related experiments. Our approach consists of deep neural networks with various architectures, and our best system is a voted ensemble of networks. We achieve a Mean Absolute Error of 0.64 in valence prediction and 0.68 in arousal prediction on the test set, both placing us as the 5th ranked team in the competition.",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2017-nctu,
    title = "{NCTU}-{NTUT} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: Deep Phrase Embedding using bi-{LSTM}s for Valence-Arousal Ratings Prediction of {C}hinese Phrases",
    author = "Lee, Yen-Hsuan  and
      Yeh, Han-Yun  and
      Wang, Yih-Ru  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4020",
    pages = "124--129",
    abstract = "In this paper, a deep phrase embedding approach using bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) is proposed to predict the valence-arousal ratings of Chinese words and phrases. It adopts a Chinese word segmentation frontend, a local order-aware word, a global phrase embedding representations and a deep regression neural network (DRNN) model. The performance of the proposed method was benchmarked by the IJCNLP 2017 shared task 2. According the official evaluation results, our best system achieved mean rank 6.5 among all 24 submissions.",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chang-2017-ntoua,
    title = "{NTOUA} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 2: Predicting Sentiment Scores of {C}hinese Words and Phrases",
    author = "Lin, Chuan-Jie  and
      Chang, Hao-Tsung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4021",
    pages = "130--133",
    abstract = "This paper describes the approaches of sentimental score prediction in the NTOU DSA system participating in DSAP this year. The modules to predict scores for words are adapted from our system last year. The approach to predict scores for phrases is keyword-based machine learning method. The performance of our system is good in predicting scores of phrases.",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2017-cyut,
    title = "{CYUT} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 3: System Report for Review Opinion Diversification",
    author = "Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chang, Su-Yu  and
      Chen, Liang-Pu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4022",
    pages = "134--137",
    abstract = "Review Opinion Diversification (RevOpiD) 2017 is a shared task which is held in International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP). The shared task aims at selecting top-k reviews, as a summary, from a set of re-views. There are three subtasks in RevOpiD: helpfulness ranking, rep-resentativeness ranking, and ex-haustive coverage ranking. This year, our team submitted runs by three models. We focus on ranking reviews based on the helpfulness of the reviews. In the first two models, we use linear regression with two different loss functions. First one is least squares, and second one is cross entropy. The third run is a random baseline. For both k=5 and k=10, our second model gets the best scores in the official evaluation metrics.",
}
@inproceedings{dey-etal-2017-junlp,
    title = "{JUNLP} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 3: A Rank Prediction Model for Review Opinion Diversification",
    author = "Dey, Monalisa  and
      Mondal, Anupam  and
      Das, Dipankar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4023",
    pages = "138--142",
    abstract = {IJCNLP-17 Review Opinion Diversification (RevOpiD-2017) task has been designed for ranking the top-k reviews of a product from a set of reviews, which assists in identifying a summarized output to express the opinion of the entire review set. The task is divided into three independent subtasks as subtask-A,subtask-B, and subtask-C. Each of these three subtasks selects the top-k reviews based on helpfulness, representativeness, and exhaustiveness of the opinions expressed in the review set individually. In order to develop the modules and predict the rank of reviews for all three subtasks, we have employed two well-known supervised classifiers namely, Na{\"\i}ve Bayes and Logistic Regression on the top of several extracted features such as the number of nouns, number of verbs, and number of sentiment words etc from the provided datasets. Finally, the organizers have helped to validate the predicted outputs for all three subtasks by using their evaluation metrics. The metrics provide the scores of list size 5 as (0.80 (mth)) for subtask-A, (0.86 (cos), 0.87 (cos d), 0.71 (cpr), 4.98 (a-dcg), and 556.94 (wt)) for subtask B, and (10.94 (unwt) and 0.67 (recall)) for subtask C individually.},
}
@inproceedings{plank-2017-1,
    title = "All-In-1 at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 4: Short Text Classification with One Model for All Languages",
    author = "Plank, Barbara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4024",
    pages = "143--148",
    abstract = "We present All-In-1, a simple model for multilingual text classification that does not require any parallel data. It is based on a traditional Support Vector Machine classifier exploiting multilingual word embeddings and character n-grams. Our model is simple, easily extendable yet very effective, overall ranking 1st (out of 12 teams) in the IJCNLP 2017 shared task on customer feedback analysis in four languages: English, French, Japanese and Spanish.",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2017-sentinlp,
    title = "{S}enti{NLP} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 4: Customer Feedback Analysis Using a Bi-{LSTM}-{CNN} Model",
    author = "Lin, Shuying  and
      Xie, Huosheng  and
      Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Lai, K. Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4025",
    pages = "149--154",
    abstract = "The analysis of customer feedback is useful to provide good customer service. There are a lot of online customer feedback are produced. Manual classification is impractical because the high volume of data. Therefore, the automatic classification of the customer feedback is of importance for the analysis system to identify meanings or intentions that the customer express. The aim of shared Task 4 of IJCNLP 2017 is to classify the customer feedback into six tags categorization. In this paper, we present a system that uses word embeddings to express the feature of the sentence in the corpus and the neural network as the classifier to complete the shared task. And then the ensemble method is used to get final predictive result. The proposed method get ranked first among twelve teams in terms of micro-averaged F1 and second for accura-cy metric.",
}
@inproceedings{danda-etal-2017-iiit,
    title = "{IIIT}-H at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 4: Customer Feedback Analysis using Machine Learning and Neural Network Approaches",
    author = "Danda, Prathyusha  and
      Mishra, Pruthwik  and
      Kanneganti, Silpa  and
      Lanka, Soujanya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4026",
    pages = "155--160",
    abstract = "The IJCNLP 2017 shared task on Customer Feedback Analysis focuses on classifying customer feedback into one of a predefined set of categories or classes. In this paper, we describe our approach to this problem and the results on four languages, i.e. English, French, Japanese and Spanish. Our system implemented a bidirectional LSTM (Graves and Schmidhuber, 2005) using pre-trained glove (Pennington et al., 2014) and fastText (Joulin et al., 2016) embeddings, and SVM (Cortes and Vapnik, 1995) with TF-IDF vectors for classifying the feedback data which is described in the later sections. We also tried different machine learning techniques and compared the results in this paper. Out of the 12 participating teams, our systems obtained 0.65, 0.86, 0.70 and 0.56 exact accuracy score in English, Spanish, French and Japanese respectively. We observed that our systems perform better than the baseline systems in three languages while we match the baseline accuracy for Japanese on our submitted systems. We noticed significant improvements in Japanese in later experiments, matching the highest performing system that was submitted in the shared task, which we will discuss in this paper.",
}
@inproceedings{lohar-etal-2017-adapt,
    title = "{ADAPT} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 4: A Multinomial Naive {B}ayes Classification Approach for Customer Feedback Analysis task",
    author = "Lohar, Pintu  and
      Dutta Chowdhury, Koel  and
      Afli, Haithem  and
      Hasanuzzaman, Mohammed  and
      Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4027",
    pages = "161--169",
    abstract = "In this age of the digital economy, promoting organisations attempt their best to engage the customers in the feedback provisioning process. With the assistance of customer insights, an organisation can develop a better product and provide a better service to its customer. In this paper, we analyse the real world samples of customer feedback from Microsoft Office customers in four languages, i.e., English, French, Spanish and Japanese and conclude a five-plus-one-classes categorisation (comment, request, bug, complaint, meaningless and undetermined) for meaning classification. The task is to {\%}access multilingual corpora annotated by the proposed meaning categorization scheme and develop a system to determine what class(es) the customer feedback sentences should be annotated as in four languages. We propose following approaches to accomplish this task: (i) a multinomial naive bayes (MNB) approach for multi-label classification, (ii) MNB with one-vs-rest classifier approach, and (iii) the combination of the multilabel classification-based and the sentiment classification-based approach. Our best system produces F-scores of 0.67, 0.83, 0.72 and 0.7 for English, Spanish, French and Japanese, respectively. The results are competitive to the best ones for all languages and secure 3rd and 5th position for Japanese and French, respectively, among all submitted systems.",
}
@inproceedings{dhyani-2017-ohiostate,
    title = "{O}hio{S}tate at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 4: Exploring Neural Architectures for Multilingual Customer Feedback Analysis",
    author = "Dhyani, Dushyanta",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4028",
    pages = "170--173",
    abstract = "This paper describes our systems for IJCNLP 2017 Shared Task on Customer Feedback Analysis. We experimented with simple neural architectures that gave competitive performance on certain tasks. This includes shallow CNN and Bi-Directional LSTM architectures with Facebook{'}s Fasttext as a baseline model. Our best performing model was in the Top 5 systems using the Exact-Accuracy and Micro-Average-F1 metrics for the Spanish (85.28{\%} for both) and French (70{\%} and 73.17{\%} respectively) task, and outperformed all the other models on comment (87.28{\%}) and meaningless (51.85{\%}) tags using Micro Average F1 by Tags metric for the French task.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-ynu,
    title = "{YNU}-{HPCC} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 4: Attention-based Bi-directional {GRU} Model for Customer Feedback Analysis Task of {E}nglish",
    author = "Wang, Nan  and
      Wang, Jin  and
      Zhang, Xuejie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4029",
    pages = "174--179",
    abstract = "This paper describes our submission to IJCNLP 2017 shared task 4, for predicting the tags of unseen customer feedback sentences, such as comments, complaints, bugs, requests, and meaningless and undetermined statements. With the use of a neural network, a large number of deep learning methods have been developed, which perform very well on text classification. Our ensemble classification model is based on a bi-directional gated recurrent unit and an attention mechanism which shows a 3.8{\%} improvement in classification accuracy. To enhance the model performance, we also compared it with several word-embedding models. The comparative results show that a combination of both word2vec and GloVe achieves the best performance.",
}
@inproceedings{banerjee-etal-2017-nitmz,
    title = "NITMZ-JU at IJCNLP-2017 Task 4: Customer Feedback Analysis",
    author = "Banerjee, Somnath  and
      Pakray, Partha  and
      Manna, Riyanka  and
      Das, Dipankar  and
      Gelbukh, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4030",
    pages = "180--183",
    abstract = "In this paper, we describe a deep learning framework for analyzing the customer feedback as part of our participation in the shared task on Customer Feedback Analysis at the 8th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP 2017). A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based deep neural network model was employed for the customer feedback task. The proposed system was evaluated on two languages, namely, English and French.",
}
@inproceedings{gupta-etal-2017-iitp,
    title = "{IITP} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 4: Auto Analysis of Customer Feedback using {CNN} and {GRU} Network",
    author = "Gupta, Deepak  and
      Lenka, Pabitra  and
      Bedi, Harsimran  and
      Ekbal, Asif  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4031",
    pages = "184--193",
    abstract = "Analyzing customer feedback is the best way to channelize the data into new marketing strategies that benefit entrepreneurs as well as customers. Therefore an automated system which can analyze the customer behavior is in great demand. Users may write feedbacks in any language, and hence mining appropriate information often becomes intractable. Especially in a traditional feature-based supervised model, it is difficult to build a generic system as one has to understand the concerned language for finding the relevant features. In order to overcome this, we propose deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based approaches that do not require handcrafting of features. We evaluate these techniques for analyzing customer feedback sentences on four languages, namely English, French, Japanese and Spanish. Our empirical analysis shows that our models perform well in all the four languages on the setups of IJCNLP Shared Task on Customer Feedback Analysis. Our model achieved the second rank in French, with an accuracy of 71.75{\%} and third ranks for all the other languages.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-ynudlg,
    title = "{YNUDLG} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 5: A {CNN}-{LSTM} Model with Attention for Multi-choice Question Answering in Examinations",
    author = "Wang, Min  and
      Liu, Qingxun  and
      Ding, Peng  and
      Li, Yongbin  and
      Zhou, Xiaobing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4032",
    pages = "194--198",
    abstract = "In this paper, we perform convolutional neural networks (CNN) to learn the joint representations of question-answer pairs first, then use the joint representations as the inputs of the long short-term memory (LSTM) with attention to learn the answer sequence of a question for labeling the matching quality of each answer. We also incorporating external knowledge by training Word2Vec on Flashcards data, thus we get more compact embedding. Experimental results show that our method achieves better or comparable performance compared with the baseline system. The proposed approach achieves the accuracy of 0.39, 0.42 in English valid set, test set, respectively.",
}
@inproceedings{li-kong-2017-als,
    title = "{ALS} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 5: Answer Localization System for Multi-Choice Question Answering in Exams",
    author = "Li, Changliang  and
      Kong, Cunliang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4033",
    pages = "199--202",
    abstract = "Multi-choice question answering in exams is a typical QA task. To accomplish this task, we present an answer localization method to locate answers shown in web pages, considering structural information and semantic information both. Using this method as basis, we analyze sentences and paragraphs appeared on web pages to get predictions. With this answer localization system, we get effective results on both validation dataset and test dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{hazem-2017-mappsent,
    title = "{M}app{S}ent at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 5: A Textual Similarity Approach Applied to Multi-choice Question Answering in Examinations",
    author = "Hazem, Amir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4034",
    pages = "203--207",
    abstract = "In this paper we present MappSent, a textual similarity approach that we applied to the multi-choice question answering in exams shared task. MappSent has initially been proposed for question-to-question similarity hazem2017. In this work, we present the results of two adaptations of MappSent for the question answering task on the English dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{yuan-etal-2017-ynu,
    title = "{YNU}-{HPCC} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 5: Multi-choice Question Answering in Exams Using an Attention-based {LSTM} Model",
    author = "Yuan, Hang  and
      Zhang, You  and
      Wang, Jin  and
      Zhang, Xuejie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4035",
    pages = "208--212",
    abstract = "A shared task is a typical question answering task that aims to test how accurately the participants can answer the questions in exams. Typically, for each question, there are four candidate answers, and only one of the answers is correct. The existing methods for such a task usually implement a recurrent neural network (RNN) or long short-term memory (LSTM). However, both RNN and LSTM are biased models in which the words in the tail of a sentence are more dominant than the words in the header. In this paper, we propose the use of an attention-based LSTM (AT-LSTM) model for these tasks. By adding an attention mechanism to the standard LSTM, this model can more easily capture long contextual information.",
}
@inproceedings{sarkar-etal-2017-ju,
    title = "{JU} {NITM} at {IJCNLP}-2017 Task 5: A Classification Approach for Answer Selection in Multi-choice Question Answering System",
    author = "Sarkar, Sandip  and
      Das, Dipankar  and
      Pakray, Partha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Shared Tasks",
    month = dec,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-4036",
    pages = "213--216",
    abstract = "This paper describes the participation of the JU NITM team in IJCNLP-2017 Task 5: {``}Multi-choice Question Answering in Examinations{''}. The main aim of this shared task is to choose the correct option for each multi-choice question. Our proposed model includes vector representations as feature and machine learning for classification. At first we represent question and answer in vector space and after that find the cosine similarity between those two vectors. Finally we apply classification approach to find the correct answer. Our system was only developed for the English language, and it obtained an accuracy of 40.07{\%} for test dataset and 40.06{\%} for valid dataset.",
}
@proceedings{ijcnlp-2017-ijcnlp-2017-tutorial,
    title = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Tutorial Abstracts",
    author = "Kurohashi, Sadao  and
      Strube, Michael",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-5000",
}
@inproceedings{che-zhang-2017-deep,
    title = "Deep Learning in Lexical Analysis and Parsing",
    author = "Che, Wanxiang  and
      Zhang, Yue",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-5001",
    pages = "1--2",
    abstract = "Neural networks, also with a fancy name deep learning, just right can overcome the above {``}feature engineering{''} problem. In theory, they can use non-linear activation functions and multiple layers to automatically find useful features. The novel network structures, such as convolutional or recurrent, help to reduce the difficulty further. These deep learning models have been successfully used for lexical analysis and parsing. In this tutorial, we will give a review of each line of work, by contrasting them with traditional statistical methods, and organizing them in consistent orders.",
}
@inproceedings{de-melo-2017-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Vector Representations of Words, Sentences, and Documents",
    author = "de Melo, Gerard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-5002",
    pages = "3--5",
    abstract = "Neural vector representations are now ubiquitous in all subfields of natural language processing and text mining. While methods such as word2vec and GloVe are well-known, this tutorial focuses on multilingual and cross-lingual vector representations, of words, but also of sentences and documents as well.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-gao-2017-open,
    title = "Open-Domain Neural Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Chen, Yun-Nung  and
      Gao, Jianfeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-5003",
    pages = "6--10",
    abstract = "In the past decade, spoken dialogue systems have been the most prominent component in today{'}s personal assistants. A lot of devices have incorporated dialogue system modules, which allow users to speak naturally in order to finish tasks more efficiently. The traditional conversational systems have rather complex and/or modular pipelines. The advance of deep learning technologies has recently risen the applications of neural models to dialogue modeling. Nevertheless, applying deep learning technologies for building robust and scalable dialogue systems is still a challenging task and an open research area as it requires deeper understanding of the classic pipelines as well as detailed knowledge on the benchmark of the models of the prior work and the recent state-of-the-art work. Therefore, this tutorial is designed to focus on an overview of the dialogue system development while describing most recent research for building task-oriented and chit-chat dialogue systems, and summarizing the challenges. We target the audience of students and practitioners who have some deep learning background, who want to get more familiar with conversational dialogue systems.",
}
@inproceedings{cromieres-etal-2017-neural,
    title = "Neural Machine Translation: Basics, Practical Aspects and Recent Trends",
    author = "Cromieres, Fabien  and
      Nakazawa, Toshiaki  and
      Dabre, Raj",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-5004",
    pages = "11--13",
    abstract = "Machine Translation (MT) is a sub-field of NLP which has experienced a number of paradigm shifts since its inception. Up until 2014, Phrase Based Statistical Machine Translation (PBSMT) approaches used to be the state of the art. In late 2014, Neural Machine Translation (NMT) was introduced and was proven to outperform all PBSMT approaches by a significant margin. Since then, the NMT approaches have undergone several transformations which have pushed the state of the art even further. This tutorial is primarily aimed at researchers who are either interested in or are fairly new to the world of NMT and want to obtain a deep understanding of NMT fundamentals. Because it will also cover the latest developments in NMT, it should also be useful to attendees with some experience in NMT.",
}
@inproceedings{paetzold-specia-2017-ultimate,
    title = "The Ultimate Presentation Makeup Tutorial: How to Polish your Posters, Slides and Presentations Skills",
    author = "Paetzold, Gustavo  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-5005",
    pages = "14--15",
    abstract = "There is no question that our research community have, and still has been producing an insurmountable amount of interesting strategies, models and tools to a wide array of problems and challenges in diverse areas of knowledge. But for as long as interesting work has existed, we{'}ve been plagued by a great unsolved mystery: how come there is so much interesting work being published in conferences, but not as many interesting and engaging posters and presentations being featured in them? In this tutorial, we present practical step-by-step makeup solutions for poster, slides and oral presentations in order to help researchers who feel like they are not able to convey the importance of their research to the community in conferences.",
}
@inproceedings{tian-etal-2017-challenge,
    title = "The Challenge of Composition in Distributional and Formal Semantics",
    author = "Tian, Ran  and
      Mineshima, Koji  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez-G{\'o}mez, Pascual",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {IJCNLP} 2017, Tutorial Abstracts",
    month = nov,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I17-5006",
    pages = "16--17",
    abstract = "This is tutorial proposal. Abstract is as follows: The principle of compositionality states that the meaning of a complete sentence must be explained in terms of the meanings of its subsentential parts; in other words, each syntactic operation should have a corresponding semantic operation. In recent years, it has been increasingly evident that distributional and formal semantics are complementary in addressing composition; while the distributional/vector-based approach can naturally measure semantic similarity (Mitchell and Lapata, 2010), the formal/symbolic approach has a long tradition within logic-based semantic frameworks (Montague, 1974) and can readily be connected to theorem provers or databases to perform complicated tasks. In this tutorial, we will cover recent efforts in extending word vectors to account for composition and reasoning, the various challenging phenomena observed in composition and addressed by formal semantics, and a hybrid approach that combines merits of the two. Outline and introduction to instructors are found in the submission. Ran Tian has taught a tutorial at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing in Japan, 2015. The estimated audience size was about one hundred. Only a limited part of the contents in this tutorial is drawn from the previous one. Koji Mineshima has taught a one-week course at the 28th European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI2016), together with Prof. Daisuke Bekki. Only a few contents are the same with this tutorial. Tutorials on {``}CCG Semantic Parsing{''} have been given in ACL2013, EMNLP2014, and AAAI2015. A coming tutorial on {``}Deep Learning for Semantic Composition{''} will be given in ACL2017. Contents in these tutorials are somehow related to but not overlapping with our proposal.",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    author = "Abeill{\'e}, Anne  and
      Becker, Tilman  and
      Satta, Giorgio  and
      Vijay-Shanker, K.",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0100",
}
@inproceedings{agustini-de-lima-1998-experiment,
    title = "An experiment on synchronous {TAG}s for the construction of a transfer module",
    author = "Agustini, Alexandre  and
      de Lima, Vera L{\'u}cia Strube",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0101",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@inproceedings{bangalore-1998-transplanting,
    title = "Transplanting supertags from {E}nglish to {S}panish",
    author = "Bangalore, Srinivas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0102",
    pages = "5--8",
}
@inproceedings{becker-heckmann-1998-recursive,
    title = "Recursive Matrix Systems ({RMS}) and {TAG}",
    author = "Becker, Tilman  and
      Heckmann, Dominik",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0103",
    pages = "9--12",
}
@inproceedings{bleam-etal-1998-motion,
    title = "Motion verbs and semantic features in {TAG}",
    author = "Bleam, Tonia  and
      Palmer, Martha  and
      Vijay-Shanker, K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0104",
    pages = "13--16",
}
@inproceedings{boullier-1998-generalization,
    title = "A generalization of mildly context-sensitive formalisms",
    author = "Boullier, Pierre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0105",
    pages = "17--20",
}
@inproceedings{candito-kahane-1998-tag,
    title = "Can the {TAG} derivation tree represent a semantic graph? An answer in the light of Meaning-Text Theory",
    author = "Candito, Marie-H{\'e}l{\`e}ne  and
      Kahane, Sylvain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0106",
    pages = "21--24",
}
@inproceedings{candito-kahane-1998-defining,
    title = "Defining {DTG} derivations to get semantic graphs",
    author = "Candito, Marie-H{\'e}l{\`e}ne  and
      Kahane, Sylvain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0107",
    pages = "25--28",
}
@inproceedings{carroll-etal-1998-lexsys,
    title = "The {L}ex{S}ys project",
    author = "Carroll, John  and
      Nicolov, Nicolas  and
      Shaumyan, Olga  and
      Smets, Martine  and
      Weir, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0108",
    pages = "29--33",
}
@inproceedings{cavazza-1998-integrated,
    title = "An integrated parser for {TFG} with explicit tree typing",
    author = "Cavazza, Marc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0109",
    pages = "34--37",
}
@inproceedings{cavazza-1998-synchronous,
    title = "Synchronous {TFG} for speech translation",
    author = "Cavazza, Marc",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0110",
    pages = "38--41",
}
@inproceedings{de-la-clergerie-etal-1998-tabular,
    title = "A tabular interpretation of bottom-up automata for {TAG}",
    author = "de la Clergerie, Eric  and
      Alonso Pardo, Miguel A.  and
      Souto, David Cabrero",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0111",
    pages = "42--45",
}
@inproceedings{frank-vijay-shanker-1998-tag,
    title = "{TAG} derivation as monotonic C-command",
    author = "Frank, Robert  and
      Vijay-Shanker, K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0112",
    pages = "46--49",
}
@inproceedings{gardent-webber-1998-describing,
    title = "Describing discourse semantics",
    author = "Gardent, Claire  and
      Webber, Bonnie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0113",
    pages = "50--53",
}
@inproceedings{halber-1998-tree,
    title = "Tree-grammar linear typing for unified super-tagging/probabilistic parsing models",
    author = "Halber, Ariane",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0114",
    pages = "54--57",
}
@inproceedings{harbusch-etal-1998-towards,
    title = "Towards a workbench for schema-{TAG}s",
    author = "Harbusch, Karin  and
      Widmann, Friedbert  and
      Woch, Jens",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0115",
    pages = "58--61",
}
@inproceedings{harley-kulick-1998-tag,
    title = "{TAG} and raising in {VSO} languages",
    author = "Harley, Heidi  and
      Kulick, Seth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0116",
    pages = "62--65",
}
@inproceedings{hepple-1998-similarities,
    title = "On some similarities between D-tree grammars and type-logical grammars",
    author = "Hepple, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0117",
    pages = "66--69",
}
@inproceedings{issac-1998-standard,
    title = "A standard representation framework for {TAG}",
    author = "Issac, Fabrice",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0118",
    pages = "70--73",
}
@inproceedings{joshi-etal-1998-partial,
    title = "Partial proof trees and structural modalities",
    author = "Joshi, Aravind K.  and
      Kulick, Seth  and
      Kurtonina, Natasha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0119",
    pages = "74--75",
}
@inproceedings{kallmeyer-1998-hierarchy,
    title = "A hierarchy of local {TDG}s",
    author = "Kallmeyer, Laura",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0120",
    pages = "76--79",
}
@inproceedings{kempen-harbusch-1998-tree,
    title = "A {`}Tree Adjoining{'} Grammar without adjoining: The case of scrambling in {G}erman",
    author = "Kempen, Gerard  and
      Harbusch, Karin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0121",
    pages = "80--83",
}
@inproceedings{de-kercadio-1998-improved,
    title = "An improved Earley parser with {LTAG}",
    author = "de Kercadio, Yannick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0122",
    pages = "84--87",
}
@inproceedings{kulick-1998-clitic,
    title = "Clitic climbing in Romance: {``}Restructuring{''}, causatives, and object-control verbs",
    author = "Kulick, Seth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0123",
    pages = "88--91",
}
@inproceedings{leahu-1998-wh,
    title = "Wh-dependencies in {R}omanian and {TAG}",
    author = "Leahu, Manuela",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0124",
    pages = "92--95",
}
@inproceedings{lopez-roussel-1998-rules,
    title = "Which rules for the robust parsing of spoken utterances with Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars?",
    author = "Lopez, Patrice  and
      Roussel, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0125",
    pages = "96--99",
}
@inproceedings{mcgee-wood-1998-category,
    title = "{`}Category families{'} for Categorial Grammars",
    author = "McGee Wood, Mary",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0126",
    pages = "100--103",
}
@inproceedings{miyao-etal-1998-packing,
    title = "Packing of feature structures for optimizing the {HPSG}-style grammar translated from {TAG}",
    author = "Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      Tateisi, Yuka  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0127",
    pages = "104--107",
}
@inproceedings{monnich-1998-tags,
    title = "{TAG}s M-constructed",
    author = {M{\"o}nnich, Uwe},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0128",
    pages = "108--111",
}
@inproceedings{muskens-krahmer-1998-description,
    title = "Description theory, {LTAG}s and underspecified semantics",
    author = "Muskens, Reinhard  and
      Krahmer, Emiel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0129",
    pages = "112--115",
}
@inproceedings{nederhof-etal-1998-prefix,
    title = "Prefix probabilities for linear indexed grammars",
    author = "Nederhof, Mark-Jan  and
      Sarkar, Anoop  and
      Satta, Giorgio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0130",
    pages = "116--119",
}
@inproceedings{neumann-1998-automatic,
    title = "Automatic extraction of stochastic lexicalized tree grammars from treebanks",
    author = {Neumann, G{\"u}nter},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0131",
    pages = "120--123",
}
@inproceedings{nicolov-1998-memoisation,
    title = "Memoisation in sentence generation with lexicalised grammars",
    author = "Nicolov, Nicolas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0132",
    pages = "124--127",
}
@inproceedings{oehrle-1998-constructive,
    title = "Constructive models of extraction parameters",
    author = "Oehrle, Dick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0133",
    pages = "128--142",
}
@inproceedings{poller-becker-1998-two,
    title = "Two-step {TAG} parsing revisited",
    author = "Poller, Peter  and
      Becker, Tilman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0134",
    pages = "143--146",
}
@inproceedings{rambow-vijay-shanker-1998-wh,
    title = "Wh-islands in {TAG} and related formalisms",
    author = "Rambow, Owen  and
      Vijay-Shanker, K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0135",
    pages = "147--150",
}
@inproceedings{rogers-1998-defining,
    title = "On defining {TAL}s with logical constraints",
    author = "Rogers, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0136",
    pages = "151--154",
}
@inproceedings{schuler-1998-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting semantic dependencies in parsing",
    author = "Schuler, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0137",
    pages = "155--158",
}
@inproceedings{smets-1998-comparison,
    title = "Comparison of {XTAG} and {LEXSYS} grammars",
    author = "Smets, Martine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0138",
    pages = "159--163",
}
@inproceedings{smets-evans-1998-compact,
    title = "A compact encoding of a {DTG} grammar",
    author = "Smets, Martine  and
      Evans, Roger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0139",
    pages = "164--167",
}
@inproceedings{szalai-stabler-1998-formal,
    title = "Formal analyses of the {H}ungarian verbal complex",
    author = "Szalai, Temese  and
      Stabler, Edward",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0140",
    pages = "168--171",
}
@inproceedings{tateisi-etal-1998-translating,
    title = "Translating the {XTAG} {E}nglish grammar to {HPSG}",
    author = "Tateisi, Yuka  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0141",
    pages = "172--175",
}
@inproceedings{wallington-1998-consistent,
    title = "Consistent dendrification: Trees from categories",
    author = "Wallington, A.M.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0142",
    pages = "176--179",
}
@inproceedings{xia-etal-1998-consistent,
    title = "Consistent grammar development using partial-tree descriptions for Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammars",
    author = "Xia, Fei  and
      Palmer, Martha  and
      Vijay-Shanker, K.  and
      Rosenzweig, Joseph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Frameworks ({TAG}+4)",
    month = aug,
    year = "1998",
    address = "University of Pennsylvania",
    publisher = "Institute for Research in Cognitive Science",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0143",
    pages = "180--183",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-content,
    title = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0200",
}
@inproceedings{gouraros-hall-1998-pausanian,
    title = "The Pausanian Notation: a method for representing the structure and the content of a hyperdocument",
    author = "Gouraros, Nickolas  and
      Hall, Wendy",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0201",
}
@inproceedings{isahara-etal-1998-intelligent,
    title = "Intelligent Network News Reader with Visual User Interface",
    author = "ISAHARA, Hitoshi  and
      UCHIMOTO, Kiyotaka  and
      OZAKU, Hiromi",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0202",
}
@inproceedings{baldwin-1998-coreference,
    title = "Coreference as the Foundations for Link Analysis over Free Text Databases",
    author = "Baldwin, Breck",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0203",
}
@inproceedings{yaari-1998-texplore,
    title = "Texplore- exploring expository texts via hierarchical representation",
    author = "Yaari, Yaakov",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0204",
}
@inproceedings{himmel-1998-visualization,
    title = "Visualization for Large Collections of Multimedia Information",
    author = "Himmel, Dave",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0205",
}
@inproceedings{hirschberg-etal-1998-just,
    title = "{``}{I} just played that a minute ago!:{''} Designing User Interfaces for Audio Navigation",
    author = "Hirschberg, Julia  and
      Choi, John  and
      Nakatani, Christine  and
      Whittaker, Steve",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0206",
}
@inproceedings{nadin-lango-1998-interactive,
    title = "Interactive Multimedia Navigation",
    author = "NADIN, Mihai  and
      LANGO, Clemens",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0207",
}
@inproceedings{chase-etal-1998-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Visualization",
    author = "Chase, Penny  and
      D{'}Amore, Ray  and
      Gershon, Nahum  and
      Holland, Rod  and
      Hyland, Rob  and
      Mani, Inderjeet  and
      Maybury, Mark  and
      Merlino, Andy  and
      Rayson, Jim",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0208",
}
@inproceedings{corio-lapalme-1998-integrated,
    title = "Integrated generation of graphics and text- a corpus study",
    author = "Corio, Marc  and
      Lapalme, Guy",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0209",
}
@inproceedings{green-etal-1998-media,
    title = "A Media-Independent Content Language for Integrated Text and Graphics Generation",
    author = "Green, Nancy  and
      Carenini, Giuseppe  and
      Kerpedjiev, Stephan  and
      Roth, Steven  and
      Moore, Johanna",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0210",
}
@inproceedings{calder-1998-build,
    title = "How to build a (quite general) linguistic diagram editor",
    author = "Calder, Jo",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0211",
}
@inproceedings{germann-1998-visualization,
    title = "Visualization of Protocols of the Parsing and Semantic Interpretation Steps in a Machine Translation System",
    author = "Germann, Ulrich",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0212",
}
@inproceedings{bellynck-1998-multimodal,
    title = "Multimodal Visualization of Geometrical Constructions",
    author = "Bellynck, Valerie",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0213",
}
@inproceedings{jacobson-1998-navigating,
    title = "Navigating maps with little or no sight: An audio-tactile approach",
    author = "Jacobson, R. Dan",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0214",
}
@inproceedings{bulatov-gardner-1998-visualization,
    title = "Visualization by People without Vision",
    author = "BULATOV, Vladimir  and
      GARDNER, John",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0215",
}
@inproceedings{estival-1998-integration,
    title = "Integration of Speech and Vision in a small mobile robot",
    author = "ESTIVAL, Dominique",
    booktitle = "Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations ({CVIR}{'}98)",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0216",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0300",
}
@inproceedings{marcu-1998-surface,
    title = "A surface-based approach to identifying discourse markers and elementary textual units in unrestricted texts",
    author = "Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0301",
}
@inproceedings{corston-oliver-1998-identifying,
    title = "Identifying the Linguistic Correlates of Rhetorical Relations",
    author = "Corston-Oliver, Simon H.",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0302",
}
@inproceedings{burstein-etal-1998-enriching,
    title = "Enriching Automated Essay Scoring Using Discourse Marking",
    author = "Burstein, Jill  and
      Kukich, Karen  and
      Wolff, Susanne  and
      Lu, Chi  and
      Chodorow, Martin",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0303",
}
@inproceedings{grote-1998-representing,
    title = "Representing temporal discourse markers for generation purposes",
    author = "Grote, Brigitte",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0304",
}
@inproceedings{degand-1998-classifying,
    title = "On classifying connectives and coherence relations",
    author = "DEGAND, Liesbeth",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0305",
}
@inproceedings{soria-ferrari-1998-lexical,
    title = "Lexical marking of discourse relations - some experimental findings",
    author = "Soria, Claudia  and
      Ferrari, Giacomo",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0306",
}
@inproceedings{teufel-1998-meta,
    title = "Meta-discourse markers and problem-structuring in scientific articles",
    author = "Teufel, Simone",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0307",
}
@inproceedings{danlos-1998-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic ways for expressing a discourse relation in a lexicalized text generation system",
    author = "DANLOS, Laurence",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0308",
}
@inproceedings{knott-1998-similarity,
    title = "Similarity and contrast relations and inductive rules",
    author = "Knott, Alistair",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0309",
}
@inproceedings{schilder-1998-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Discourse Markers and the Flow of Events",
    author = "Schilder, Frank",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0310",
}
@inproceedings{ward-1998-exotic,
    title = "Some Exotic Discourse Markers of Spoken Dialog",
    author = "Ward, Nigel",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0311",
}
@inproceedings{dahlgren-1998-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Marking and the Recovery of Discourse Structure",
    author = "Dahlgren, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0312",
}
@inproceedings{jayez-rossari-1998-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Relations versus Discourse Marker Relations",
    author = "Jayez, Jacques  and
      Rossari, Corinne",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0313",
}
@inproceedings{pery-woodley-1998-signalling,
    title = "Signalling in written text: a corpus-based approach",
    author = "PERY-WOODLEY, Marie-Paule",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0314",
}
@inproceedings{webber-joshi-1998-anchoring,
    title = "Anchoring a Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar for Discourse",
    author = "Webber, Bonnie Lynn  and
      Joshi, Aravind K.",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0315",
}
@inproceedings{kawamori-etal-1998-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Markers in Spontaneous Dialogue: A Corpus based study of {J}apanese and {E}nglish",
    author = "KAWAMORI, Masahito  and
      KAWABATA, Takeshi  and
      SHIMAZU, Akira",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0316",
}
@inproceedings{nakano-kato-1998-cue,
    title = "Cue Phrase Selection in Instruction Dialogue Using Machine Learning",
    author = "Nakano, Yukiko I.  and
      Kato, Tsuneaki",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0317",
}
@inproceedings{fischer-brandt-pook-1998-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Disambiguation of Discourse Particles",
    author = "Fischer, Kerstin  and
      Brandt-Pook, Hans",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0318",
}
@inproceedings{jurafsky-etal-1998-lexical,
    title = "Lexical, Prosodic, and Syntactic Cues for Dialog Acts",
    author = "Jurafsky, Daniel  and
      Shriberg, Elizabeth  and
      Fox, Barbara  and
      Curl, Traci",
    booktitle = "Discourse Relations and Discourse Markers",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0319",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-processing,
    title = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0500",
}
@inproceedings{jarvinen-tapanainen-1998-towards,
    title = "Towards an implementable dependency grammar",
    author = {J{\"a}rvinen, Timo  and
      Tapanainen, Pasi},
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0501",
}
@inproceedings{leonardo-lesmo-1998-unit,
    title = "Unit Coordination and Gapping in Dependency Theory",
    author = "Leonardo Lesmo, Vincenzo Lombardo",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0502",
}
@inproceedings{holan-etal-1998-two,
    title = "Two Useful Measures of Word Order Complexity",
    author = "Holan, Tomas  and
      Kubon, Vladislav  and
      Oliva, Karel  and
      Platek, Martin",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0503",
}
@inproceedings{broker-1998-define,
    title = "How to define a context-free backbone for {DG}s: Implementing a {DG} in the {LFG} formalism",
    author = "Broker, Norbert",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0504",
}
@inproceedings{teich-1998-types,
    title = "Types of syntagmatic grammatical relations and their representation",
    author = "Teich, Elke",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0505",
}
@inproceedings{hajicova-1998-movement,
    title = "Movement rules revisited",
    author = "Hajicova, Eva",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0506",
}
@inproceedings{barbero-etal-1998-integration,
    title = "Integration of syntactic and lexical information in a hierarchical dependency grammar",
    author = "Barbero, Cristina  and
      Lesmo, Leonardo  and
      Lombardo, Vincenzo",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0507",
}
@inproceedings{arnola-1998-parsing,
    title = "On Parsing Binary Dependency Structures Deterministically in Linear Time",
    author = "ARNOLA, Harri",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0508",
}
@inproceedings{menzel-schroder-1998-decision,
    title = "Decision Procedures for Dependency Parsing Using Graded Constraints",
    author = "Menzel, Wolfgang  and
      Schroder, Ingo",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0509",
}
@inproceedings{bourdon-etal-1998-case,
    title = "A Case Study in Implementing Dependency-Based Grammars",
    author = "BOURDON, Marie  and
      DA SYLVA, Lyne  and
      GAGNON, Michel  and
      KHARRAT, Alma  and
      KNOLL, Sonja  and
      MACLACHLAN, Anna",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0510",
}
@inproceedings{courtin-genthial-1998-parsing,
    title = "Parsing with Dependency Relations and Robust Parsing",
    author = "Courtin, Jacques  and
      Genthial, Damien",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0511",
}
@inproceedings{lai-huang-1998-complements,
    title = "Complements and Adjuncts in Dependency Grammar Parsing Emulated by a Constrained Context-Free Grammar",
    author = "Lai, Tom B.Y.  and
      Huang, Changning",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0512",
}
@inproceedings{lepage-etal-1998-annotated,
    title = "AN ANNOTATED CORPUS IN JAPANESE USING TESNIERE{'}S STRUCTURAL SYNTAX",
    author = "LEPAGE, Yves  and
      ANDO, Shin-Ichi  and
      AKAMINE, Susumu  and
      IIDA, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0513",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-treatment,
    title = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0600",
}
@inproceedings{naumann-1998-representation,
    title = "The representation of syntactically unexpressed complements to Nouns",
    author = "Naumann, Ralf",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0601",
}
@inproceedings{naumann-1998-dynamic,
    title = "A Dynamic Temporal Logic of Events, Intervals and States for Nominalization in Natural Language",
    author = "Naumann, Raft",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0602",
}
@inproceedings{viegas-etal-1998-representation,
    title = "Representation and Processing of {C}hinese Nominals and Compounds",
    author = "Viegas, Evelyne  and
      Jin, Wanying  and
      Dolan, Ron  and
      Beale, Stephen",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0603",
}
@inproceedings{meyers-etal-1998-using,
    title = "Using {NOMLEX} to Produce Nominalization Patterns for Information Extraction",
    author = "Meyers, Adam  and
      Macleod, Catherine  and
      Yangarber, Roman  and
      Grishman, Ralph  and
      Barrett, Leslie  and
      Reeves, Ruth",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0604",
}
@inproceedings{kurohashi-etal-1998-construction,
    title = "Construction of {J}apanese Nominal Semantic Dictionary using {``}A {NO} B{''} Phrases in Corpora",
    author = "Kurohashi, Sadao  and
      Murata, Masaki  and
      Yata, Yasunori  and
      Shimada, Mitsunobu  and
      Nagao, Makoto",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0605",
}
@inproceedings{klein-etal-1998-treatment,
    title = "The treatment of noun phrase queries in a natural language database access system",
    author = "Klein, Alexandra  and
      Matiasek, Johannes  and
      Trost, Harald",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0606",
}
@inproceedings{odonnell-etal-1998-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Referring and Informing in {NP} Planning",
    author = "O{'}Donnell, Michael  and
      Cheng, Hua  and
      Hitzeman, Janet",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0607",
}
@inproceedings{van-deemter-power-1998-coreference,
    title = "Coreference in Knowledge Editing",
    author = "van Deemter, Kees  and
      Power, Richard",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0608",
}
@inproceedings{goldsmith-reutter-1998-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Collection and Analysis of {G}erman{C}ompounds",
    author = "Goldsmith, John  and
      Reutter, Tom",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0609",
}
@inproceedings{wacholder-1998-simplex,
    title = "SIMPLEX NPS CLUSTERED BY HEAD: A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING SIGNIFICANT TOPICS WITHIN A DOCUMENT",
    author = "Wacholder, Nina",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0610",
}
@inproceedings{senellart-1998-tools,
    title = "Tools for locating noun phrases with finite state transducers",
    author = "Senellart, Jean",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0611",
}
@inproceedings{rais-ghasem-corriveau-1998-exemplar,
    title = "Exemplar-Based Sense Modulation",
    author = "Rais-Ghasem, Mohsen  and
      Corriveau, Jean-Pierre",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0612",
}
@inproceedings{onyshkevych-1998-nominal,
    title = "Nominal Metonymy Processing",
    author = "Onyshkevych, Boyan",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0613",
}
@inproceedings{horacek-1998-role,
    title = "The Role of Cardinality in Metonymic Extensions to Nouns",
    author = "Horacek, Helmut",
    booktitle = "The Computational Treatment of Nominals",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0614",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-usage,
    title = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0700",
}
@inproceedings{stetina-etal-1998-general,
    title = "General Word Sense Disambiguation Method Based on a Full Sentential Context",
    author = "Stetina, Jiri  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao  and
      Nagao, Makoto",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0701",
}
@inproceedings{siegel-1998-disambiguating,
    title = "Disambiguating Verbs with the {W}ord{N}et Category of the Direct Object",
    author = "Siegel, Eric V.",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0702",
}
@inproceedings{mihalcea-moldovan-1998-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation based on Semantic Density",
    author = "Mihalcea, Rada  and
      Moldovan, Dan I.",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0703",
}
@inproceedings{rila-etal-1998-use,
    title = "The Use of {W}ord{N}et in Information Retrieval",
    author = "Rila, Mandala  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu  and
      Tanaka, Hozumi",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0704",
}
@inproceedings{gonzalo-etal-1998-indexing,
    title = "Indexing with {W}ord{N}et synsets can improve text retrieval",
    author = "Gonzalo, Julio  and
      Verdejo, Felisa  and
      Chugur, Irina  and
      Cigarran, Juan",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0705",
}
@inproceedings{scott-matwin-1998-text,
    title = "Text Classification Using {W}ord{N}et Hypernyms",
    author = "Scott, Sam  and
      Matwin, Stan",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0706",
}
@inproceedings{fellbaum-1998-towards,
    title = "Towards a Representation of Idioms in {W}ord{N}et",
    author = "Fellbaum, Christiane",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0707",
}
@inproceedings{gomez-1998-linking,
    title = "Linking {W}ord{N}et Verb Classes to Semantic Interpretation",
    author = "Gomez, Fernando",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0708",
}
@inproceedings{farreres-etal-1998-using,
    title = "Using {W}ord{N}et for Building {W}ord{N}ets",
    author = "Farreres, Xavier  and
      Rigau, German  and
      Rodffguez, Horacio",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0709",
}
@inproceedings{kwong-1998-aligning,
    title = "Aligning {W}ord{N}et with Additional Lexical Resources",
    author = "Kwong, Oi Yee",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0710",
}
@inproceedings{basili-etal-1998-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Adaptation of {W}ord{N}et to Sublanguages and to Computational Tasks",
    author = "Basili, Roberto  and
      Cucchiarelli, Alessandro  and
      Consoli, Carlo  and
      Pazienza, Maria Teresa  and
      Velardi, Paola",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0711",
}
@inproceedings{montemagni-pirrelli-1998-augmenting,
    title = "Augmenting {W}ord{N}et-like lexical resources with distributional evidence. An application-oriented perspective",
    author = "Montemagni, Simonetta  and
      Pirrelli, Vito",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0712",
}
@inproceedings{ohara-etal-1998-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Acquisition with {W}ord{N}et and the Mikrokosmos Ontology",
    author = "O{'}Hara, Tom  and
      Mahesh, Kavi  and
      Nirenburg, Sergei",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0713",
}
@inproceedings{campbell-shapiro-1998-algorithms,
    title = "Algorithms for Ontological Mediation",
    author = "Campbell, Alistair E.  and
      Shapiro, Stuart C.",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0714",
}
@inproceedings{tomuro-1998-semi,
    title = "Semi-automatic Induction of Systematic Polysemy from {W}ord{N}et",
    author = "Tomuro, Noriko",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0715",
}
@inproceedings{mchale-1998-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of {W}ord{N}et and {R}oget{'}s Taxonomy for Measuring Semantic Similarity",
    author = "McHale, Michael L.",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0716",
}
@inproceedings{krymolowski-roth-1998-incorporating,
    title = "Incorporating Knowledge in Natural Language Learning: A Case Study",
    author = "Krymolowski, Yuval  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0717",
}
@inproceedings{jing-1998-usage,
    title = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Generation",
    author = "Jing, Hongyan",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0718",
}
@inproceedings{beeferman-1998-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Discovery with an Enriched Semantic Network",
    author = "Beeferman, Doug",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0719",
}
@inproceedings{harabagiu-1998-deriving,
    title = "Deriving Metonymic Coercions from {W}ord{N}et",
    author = "Harabagiu, Sanda M.",
    booktitle = "Usage of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing Systems",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0720",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-partially,
    title = "Partially Automated Techniques for Transcribing Naturally Occurring Continuous Speech",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0800",
}
@inproceedings{stubley-1998-recognition,
    title = "Recognition of spontaneous speech",
    author = "Stubley, Peter",
    booktitle = "Partially Automated Techniques for Transcribing Naturally Occurring Continuous Speech",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0801",
}
@inproceedings{nivre-etal-1998-towards,
    title = "Towards Multimodal Spoken Language Corpora: {T}rans{T}ool and {S}ync{T}ool",
    author = "Nivre, Joakim  and
      Allwood, Jens  and
      Holm, Jenny  and
      Lopez-Kasten, Dario",
    booktitle = "Partially Automated Techniques for Transcribing Naturally Occurring Continuous Speech",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0802",
}
@inproceedings{luk-1998-speech,
    title = "Speech Annotation by Multi-sensory Recording",
    author = "Luk, Robert",
    booktitle = "Partially Automated Techniques for Transcribing Naturally Occurring Continuous Speech",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0803",
}
@inproceedings{bonaventura-etal-1998-grapheme,
    title = "Grapheme-to-phoneme transcription rules for {S}panish, with application to automatic speech recognition and synthesis",
    author = "Bonaventura, Patrizia  and
      Giuliani, Fabio  and
      Garrido, Juan Maria  and
      Ortin, Isabel",
    booktitle = "Partially Automated Techniques for Transcribing Naturally Occurring Continuous Speech",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0804",
}
@inproceedings{lyon-hewitt-1998-value,
    title = "The value of minimal prosodic information in spoken language corpora",
    author = "Lyon, Caroline  and
      Hewitt, Jill",
    booktitle = "Partially Automated Techniques for Transcribing Naturally Occurring Continuous Speech",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0805",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-sigphon98,
    title = "{SIGPHON}{'}98 The Computation of Phonological Constraints",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0900",
}
@inproceedings{kim-1998-generating,
    title = "Generating Interlanguage Syllabification in Optimality Theory",
    author = "Kim, Hyouk-Keun",
    booktitle = "{SIGPHON}{'}98 The Computation of Phonological Constraints",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0901",
}
@inproceedings{walther-1998-computing,
    title = "Computing Declarative Prosodic Morphology",
    author = "Walther, Markus",
    booktitle = "{SIGPHON}{'}98 The Computation of Phonological Constraints",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0902",
}
@inproceedings{albro-1998-three,
    title = "Three Formal Extensions to Primitive Optimality Theory",
    author = "Albro, Daniel M.",
    booktitle = "{SIGPHON}{'}98 The Computation of Phonological Constraints",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0903",
}
@inproceedings{trommer-1998-optimal,
    title = "Optimal Morphology",
    author = "Trommer, Jochen",
    booktitle = "{SIGPHON}{'}98 The Computation of Phonological Constraints",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0904",
}
@inproceedings{belz-1998-approach,
    title = "An Approach to the Automatic Acquisition of Phonotactic Constraints",
    author = "Belz, Anja",
    booktitle = "{SIGPHON}{'}98 The Computation of Phonological Constraints",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0905",
}
@inproceedings{blair-ingram-1998-loanword,
    title = "Loanword formation: a neural network approach",
    author = "Blair, Alan D.  and
      Ingram, John",
    booktitle = "{SIGPHON}{'}98 The Computation of Phonological Constraints",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-0906",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-approaches,
    title = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1000",
}
@inproceedings{abuleil-evens-1998-discovering,
    title = "Discovering Lexical Information by Tagging {A}rabic Newspaper Text",
    author = "Abuleil, Saleem  and
      Evens, Martha",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1001",
}
@inproceedings{maloney-niv-1998-tagarab,
    title = "{TAGARAB}: A Fast, Accurate {A}rabic Name Recognizer Using High-Precision Morphological Analysis",
    author = "Maloney, John  and
      Niv, Michael",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1002",
}
@inproceedings{debili-soussi-1998-etiquetage,
    title = "Etiquetage grammatical de l{'}arabe voyelle ou non",
    author = "Debili, Fathi  and
      Soussi, Emna",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1003",
}
@inproceedings{fanton-1998-finite,
    title = "Finite State Automata and {A}rabic Writing",
    author = "Fanton, Michel",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1004",
}
@inproceedings{glover-knight-1998-translating,
    title = "Translating Names and Technical Terms in {A}rabic Text",
    author = "Glover, Bonnie  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1005",
}
@inproceedings{debili-achour-1998-voyellation,
    title = "Voyellation automatique de l{'}arabe",
    author = "Debili, Fathi  and
      Achour, Hadhemi",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1006",
}
@inproceedings{beesley-1998-arabic,
    title = "{A}rabic Morphology Using Only Finite-State Operations",
    author = "Beesley, Kenneth R.",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1007",
}
@inproceedings{smets-1998-paradigmatic,
    title = "Paradigmatic Treatment of {A}rabic Morphology",
    author = "Smets, Martine",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1008",
}
@inproceedings{al-shalabi-evens-1998-computational,
    title = "A Computational Morphology System for {A}rabic",
    author = "Al-Shalabi, Riyad  and
      Evens, Martha",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1009",
}
@inproceedings{barthelemy-1998-morphological,
    title = "A Morphological Analyzer for Akkadian Verbal Forms with a Model of Phonetic Transformations",
    author = "Barthelemy, Francois",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1010",
}
@inproceedings{wintner-1998-towards,
    title = "Towards a linguistically motivated computational grammar for {H}ebrew",
    author = "Wintner, Shuly",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1011",
}
@inproceedings{netzer-elhadad-1998-generating,
    title = "Generating Determiners and Quantifiers in {H}ebrew",
    author = "Netzer, Yael Dahan  and
      Elhadad, Michael",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1012",
}
@inproceedings{rosner-etal-1998-maltilex,
    title = "{M}altilex: A Computational Lexicon for {M}altese",
    author = "Rosner, M.  and
      Caruana, J.  and
      Fabri, R.",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1013",
}
@inproceedings{micallef-1998-rule,
    title = "RULE BASED LEXICAL ANALYSIS OF MALTESE",
    author = "Micallef, Paul",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1014",
}
@inproceedings{obaid-1998-new,
    title = "A New Pattern Matching Approach to the Recognition of Printed {A}rabic",
    author = "Obaid, Ali M.",
    booktitle = "Computational Approaches to {S}emitic Languages",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1015",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-large,
    title = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1100",
}
@inproceedings{hochberg-etal-1998-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Stratified Sampling to Assess Corpus Utility",
    author = "Hochberg, Judith  and
      Scovel, Clint  and
      Thomas, Timothy  and
      Hall, Sam",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1101",
}
@inproceedings{ide-1998-encoding,
    title = "Encoding Linguistic Corpora",
    author = "IDE, Nancy",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1102",
}
@inproceedings{nie-etal-1998-using,
    title = "Using a Probabilistic Translation Model for Cross-Language Information Retrieval",
    author = "Nie, Jian-Yun  and
      Isabelle, Pierre  and
      Foster, George",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1103",
}
@inproceedings{yamamoto-church-1998-using,
    title = "Using Suffix Arrays to Compute Term Frequency and Document Frequency for All Substrings in a Corpus",
    author = "Yamamoto, Mikio  and
      Church, Kenneth W.",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1104",
}
@inproceedings{collins-miller-1998-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Tagging using a Probabilistic Context Free Grammar",
    author = "Collins, Michael  and
      Miller, Scott",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1105",
}
@inproceedings{riloff-schmelzenbach-1998-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Approach to Conceptual Case Frame Acquisition",
    author = "Riloff, Ellen  and
      Schmelzenbach, Mark",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1106",
}
@inproceedings{thompson-mooney-1998-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Lexicon Acquisition for Learning Natural Language Interfaces",
    author = "Thompson, Cynthia A.  and
      Mooney, Raymond J.",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1107",
}
@inproceedings{dalessio-etal-1998-effect,
    title = "The Effect of Topological Structure on Hierarchical Text Categorization",
    author = "D{'}Alessio, Stephen  and
      Murray, Keitha  and
      Schiaffino, Robert  and
      Kershenbaum, Aaron",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1108",
}
@inproceedings{collier-etal-1998-refining,
    title = "Refining the Automatic Identification of Conceptual Relations in Large-scale Corpora",
    author = "Collier, Alex  and
      Pacey, Mike  and
      Renouf, Antoinette",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1109",
}
@inproceedings{cha-etal-1998-generalized,
    title = "Generalized unknown morpheme guessing for hybrid {POS} tagging of {K}orean",
    author = "Cha, Jeongwon  and
      Lee, Geunbae  and
      Lee, Jong-Hyeok",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1110",
}
@inproceedings{elworthy-1998-language,
    title = "Language Identification With Confidence Limits",
    author = "Elworthy, David",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1111",
}
@inproceedings{martinez-etal-1998-aligning,
    title = "Aligning tagged bitexts",
    author = "Martinez, Raquel  and
      Abaitua, Joseba  and
      Casillas, Arantza",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1112",
}
@inproceedings{parkes-etal-1998-towards,
    title = "Towards Unsupervised Extraction of Verb Paradigms from Large Corpora",
    author = "Parkes, Cornelia H.  and
      Malek, Alexander M.  and
      Marcus, Mitchell P.",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1113",
}
@inproceedings{carroll-etal-1998-subcategorisation,
    title = "Can Subcategorisation Probabilities Help a Statistical Parser",
    author = "Carroll, John  and
      Minnen, Guido  and
      Briscoe, Ted",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1114",
}
@inproceedings{charniak-etal-1998-edge,
    title = "Edge-Based Best-First Chart Parsing",
    author = "Charniak, Eugene  and
      Goldwater, Sharon  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1115",
}
@inproceedings{merlo-stevenson-1998-grammars,
    title = "What grammars tell us about corpora: the case of reduced relative clauses",
    author = "Merlo, Paola  and
      Stevenson, Suzanne",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1116",
}
@inproceedings{skut-brants-1998-maximum,
    title = "A Maximum-Entropy Partial Parser for Unrestricted Text",
    author = "Skut, Wojciech  and
      Brants, Thorsten",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1117",
}
@inproceedings{borthwick-etal-1998-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Diverse Knowledge Sources via Maximum Entropy in Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Borthwick, Andrew  and
      Sterling, John  and
      Agichtein, Eugene  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1118",
}
@inproceedings{ge-etal-1998-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical Approach to Anaphora Resolution",
    author = "Ge, Niyu  and
      Hale, John  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1119",
}
@inproceedings{sekine-etal-1998-decision,
    title = "A Decision Tree Method for Finding and Classifying Names in {J}apanese Texts",
    author = "Sekine, Satoshi  and
      Grishman, Ralph  and
      Shinnou, Hiroyuki",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1120",
}
@inproceedings{heeman-1998-pos,
    title = "{POS} Tagging versus Classes in Language Modeling",
    author = "Heeman, Peter A.",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1121",
}
@inproceedings{riccardi-bangalore-1998-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Acquisition of Phrase Grammars for Stochastic Language Modeling",
    author = "Riccardi, Giuseppe  and
      Bangalore, Srinivas",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1122",
}
@inproceedings{kan-etal-1998-linear,
    title = "Linear Segmentation and Segment Significance",
    author = "Kan, Min-Yen  and
      Klavans, Judith L.  and
      McKeown, Kathleen R.",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1123",
}
@inproceedings{marcu-1998-improving,
    title = "Improving summarization through rhetorical parsing tuning",
    author = "Marcu, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1124",
}
@inproceedings{nomoto-matsumoto-1998-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Parsing: A Decision Tree Approach",
    author = "Nomoto, Tadashi  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1125",
}
@inproceedings{wiebe-etal-1998-mapping,
    title = "Mapping Collocational Properties into Machine Learning Features",
    author = "Wiebe, Janyce M.  and
      McKeever, Kenneth J.  and
      Bruce, Rebecca F.",
    booktitle = "Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1126",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-new,
    title = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1200",
}
@inproceedings{daelemans-1998-abstraction,
    title = "ABSTRACTION IS HARMFUL IN LANGUAGE LEARNING",
    author = "Daelemans, Walter",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1201",
}
@inproceedings{towsey-etal-1998-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Learning by Recurrent Neural Networks: A Comparison w{R}h probabilistic approaches",
    author = "Towsey, Michael  and
      Diederich, Joachim  and
      Schellhammer, Ingo  and
      Chalup, Stephan  and
      Brugman, Claudia",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1202",
}
@inproceedings{kubler-1998-learning,
    title = "Learning a Lexicalized Grammar for {G}erman",
    author = "Kubler, Sandra",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1203",
}
@inproceedings{schneider-1998-lexically,
    title = "A Lexically-Intensive Algorithm for Domain-Specific Knowlegde Acquisition",
    author = "Schneider, Rene",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1204",
}
@inproceedings{kempe-1998-look,
    title = "Look-Back and Look-Ahead in the Conversion of Hidden {M}arkov Models into Finite State Transducers",
    author = "Kempe, Andr{\'e}",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1205",
}
@inproceedings{johnson-1998-effect,
    title = "The effect of alternative tree representations on tree bank grammars",
    author = "Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1206",
}
@inproceedings{brants-skut-1998-automation,
    title = "Automation of Treebank Annotation",
    author = "Brants, Thorsten  and
      Skut, Wojciech",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1207",
}
@inproceedings{cunningham-etal-1998-implementing,
    title = "Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General Architecture for Text Engineering",
    author = "Cunningham, Hamish  and
      Stevenson, Mark  and
      Wilks, Yorick",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1208",
}
@inproceedings{schellhammer-etal-1998-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge Extraction and Recurrent Neural Networks: An Analysis of an {E}lman Network trained on a Natural Language Learning Task",
    author = "Schellhammer, Ingo  and
      Diederich, Joachim  and
      Towsey, Michael  and
      Brugman, Claudia",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1209",
}
@inproceedings{hutchens-alder-1998-finding,
    title = "Finding Structure via Compression",
    author = "Hutchens, Jason L.  and
      Alder, Michael D.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1210",
}
@inproceedings{samuelsson-1998-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Theory in Statistical Language Learning",
    author = "Samuelsson, Christer",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1211",
}
@inproceedings{mcconachy-etal-1998-bayesian,
    title = "A {B}ayesian Approach to Automating Argumentation",
    author = "McConachy, Richard  and
      Korb, Kevin B.  and
      Zukerman, Ingrid",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1212",
}
@inproceedings{green-1998-automatically,
    title = "Automatically generating hypertext in newspaper articles by computing semantic relatedness",
    author = "Green, Stephen J",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1213",
}
@inproceedings{korkmaz-ucoluk-1998-choosing,
    title = "CHOOSING A DISTANCE METRIC FOR AUTOMATIC WORD CATEGORIZATION",
    author = "Korkmaz, Emin Erkan  and
      Ucoluk, Gokturk",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1214",
}
@inproceedings{saint-dizier-1998-sense,
    title = "Sense Variation and Lexical Semantics Generative Operations",
    author = "Saint-Dizier, Patrick",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1215",
}
@inproceedings{somers-1998-attempt,
    title = "An Attempt to Use Weighted Cusums to Identify Sublanguages",
    author = "Somers, Harold",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1216",
}
@inproceedings{juola-1998-cross,
    title = "Cross-Entropy and Linguistic Typology",
    author = "Juola, Patrick",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1217",
}
@inproceedings{powers-1998-applications,
    title = "Applications and Explanations of {Z}ipf{'}s Law",
    author = "Powers, David M. W.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1218",
}
@inproceedings{yuen-chase-1998-proper,
    title = "Proper Name Classification in an Information Extraction Toolset",
    author = "Yuen, Edmund  and
      Chase, Greg",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1219",
}
@inproceedings{steele-powers-1998-evolution,
    title = "Evolution and Evaluation of Document Retrieval Queries",
    author = "Steele, Robert  and
      Powers, David",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1220",
}
@inproceedings{cicekli-korkrmaz-1998-generatlon,
    title = "Generatlon of Simple {T}urkish Sentences with Systemic-Functional Grammar",
    author = "Cicekli, Ilyas  and
      Korkrmaz, Turgay",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1221",
}
@inproceedings{thomas-etal-1998-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Phoneme Pronunciation Information from Corpora",
    author = "Thomas, Ian  and
      Zukerman, Ingrid  and
      Raskutti, Bhavani",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1222",
}
@inproceedings{van-den-bosch-etal-1998-modularity,
    title = "Modularity in Inductively-Learned Word Pronunciation Systems",
    author = "van den Bosch, Antal  and
      Weijters, Ton  and
      Daelemans, Walter",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1223",
}
@inproceedings{van-den-bosch-daelemans-1998-forget,
    title = "Do Not Forget: Full Memory in Memory-Based Learning of Word Pronunciation",
    author = "van den Bosch, Antal  and
      Daelemans, Walter",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1224",
}
@inproceedings{kamphuis-sarbo-1998-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Concept Analysis",
    author = "Kamphuis, Vera  and
      Sarbo, Janos",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1225",
}
@inproceedings{entwisle-powers-1998-present,
    title = "The Present Use of Statistics in the Evaluation of {NLP} Parsers",
    author = "Entwisle, J.  and
      Powers, D. M. W.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1226",
}
@inproceedings{imai-tanaka-1998-method,
    title = "A Method of Incorporating Bigram Constraints into an {LR} Table and Its Effectiveness in Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Imai, Hiroki  and
      Tanaka, Hozumi",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1227",
}
@inproceedings{hogan-etal-1998-selective,
    title = "Selective Attention and the Acquisition of Spatial Semantics",
    author = "Hogan, James M.  and
      Diederich, Joachim  and
      Finn, Gerard D.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1228",
}
@inproceedings{kozima-ito-1998-towards,
    title = "Towards Language Acquisition by an Attention-Sharing Robot",
    author = "Kozima, Hideki  and
      Ito, Akira",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1229",
}
@inproceedings{carl-1998-constructivist,
    title = "A Constructivist Approach to Machine Translation",
    author = "Carl, Michael",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1230",
}
@inproceedings{carl-schmidt-wigger-1998-shallow,
    title = "Shallow Post Morphological Processing with {KURD}",
    author = "Carl, Michael  and
      Schmidt-Wigger, Antje",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1231",
}
@inproceedings{de-lima-1998-induction,
    title = "Induction of a Stem Lexicon for Two-level Morphological Analysis",
    author = "de Lima, Erika F.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1232",
}
@inproceedings{hutchens-alder-1998-introducing,
    title = "Introducing {M}ega{HAL}",
    author = "Hutchens, Jason L.  and
      Alder, Michael D.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1233",
}
@inproceedings{bastin-cordier-1998-methods,
    title = "Methods and tricks used in an attempt to pass the {T}uring Test",
    author = "Bastin, V.  and
      Cordier, D.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1234",
}
@inproceedings{powers-1998-total,
    title = "The Total {T}uring Test and the Loebner Prize",
    author = "Powers, David M. W.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1235",
}
@inproceedings{kawasaki-etal-1998-language,
    title = "Language Model and Sentence Structure Manipulations for Natural Language Application Systems",
    author = "Kawasaki, Zenshiro  and
      Takida, Keiji  and
      Tajima, Masato",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1236",
}
@inproceedings{custer-1998-position,
    title = "Position Paper on Appropriate Audio/Visual {T}uring Test",
    author = "Custer, Bradley B.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1237",
}
@inproceedings{smith-1998-learning,
    title = "Learning Feature-Value Grammars from Plain Text",
    author = "Smith, Tony C.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1238",
}
@inproceedings{dejean-1998-morphemes,
    title = "Morphemes as Necessary Concept for Structures Discovery from Untagged Corpora",
    author = "Dejean, Herve",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1239",
}
@inproceedings{manning-1998-segmentation,
    title = "The segmentation problem in morphology learning",
    author = "Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1240",
}
@inproceedings{powers-1998-reconciliation,
    title = "Reconciliation of Unsupervised Clustering, Segmentation and Cohesion",
    author = "Powers, David M. W.",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1241",
}
@inproceedings{tellier-1998-syntactico,
    title = "Syntactico-Semantic Learning of Categorial Grammars",
    author = "Tellier, Isabeile",
    booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1242",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-finite,
    title = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1300",
}
@inproceedings{karttunen-1998-proper,
    title = "The Proper Treatment of Optimality in Computational Phonology",
    author = "Karttunen, Lauri",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1301",
}
@inproceedings{nederhof-1998-context,
    title = "Context-Free Parsing through Regular Approximation",
    author = "Nederhof, Mark-Jan",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1302",
}
@inproceedings{voutilainen-1998-tagging,
    title = "Does tagging help parsing? A case study on finite state parsing",
    author = "Voutilainen, Atro",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1303",
}
@inproceedings{hogenhout-matsumoto-1998-robust,
    title = "Robust Parsing Using a Hidden {M}arkov Model",
    author = "Hogenhout, Wide R.  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1304",
}
@inproceedings{daciuk-etal-1998-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Construction of Minimal Acyclic Finite State Automata and Transducers",
    author = "Daciuk, Jan  and
      Watson, Bruce W.  and
      Watson, Richard E.",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1305",
}
@inproceedings{van-noord-1998-treatment,
    title = "Treatment of e-Moves in Subset Construction",
    author = "van Noord, Gertjan",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1306",
}
@inproceedings{pico-vidal-1998-learning,
    title = "Learning Finite-State Models for Language Understanding",
    author = "Pico, David  and
      Vidal, Enrique",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1307",
}
@inproceedings{ranta-1998-multilingual,
    title = "A Multilingual Natural-Language Interface to Regular Expressions",
    author = "Ranta, Aarne",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1308",
}
@inproceedings{oflazer-tur-1998-implementing,
    title = "Implementing Voting Constraints with Finite State Transducers",
    author = "Oflazer, Kemal  and
      Tur, Gokhan",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1309",
}
@inproceedings{zajac-1998-feature,
    title = "Feature Structures, Unification and Finite-State Transducers",
    author = "Zajac, Remi",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1310",
}
@inproceedings{pedrazzini-hoffmann-1998-using,
    title = "Using Genericity to Create Cutomizable Finite-State Tools",
    author = "Pedrazzini, Sandro  and
      Hoffmann, Marcus",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1311",
}
@inproceedings{beesley-1998-constraining,
    title = "Constraining Separated Morphotactic Dependencies in Finite-State Grammars",
    author = "Beesley, Kenneth R.",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1312",
}
@inproceedings{nn-1998-author-index,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1313",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1400",
}
@inproceedings{lester-etal-1998-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Generation Journeys to Interactive 3{D} Worlds Invited Talk Extended Abstract",
    author = "Lester, James C.  and
      Bares, William H.  and
      Callaway, Charles B.  and
      Towns, Stuart G.",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1401",
}
@inproceedings{bateman-etal-1998-communicative,
    title = "COMMUNICATIVE GOAL-DRIVEN NL GENERATION AND DATA-DRIVEN GRAPHICS GENERATION: AN ARCHITECTURAL SYNTHESIS FOR MULTIMEDIA PAGE GENERATION",
    author = "Bateman, John  and
      Kamps, Thomas  and
      Kleinz, Jorg  and
      Reichenberger, Klaus",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1402",
}
@inproceedings{green-etal-1998-principled,
    title = "A PRINCIPLED REPRESENTATION OF ATTRIBUTIVE DESCRIPTIONS FOR GENERATING INTEGRATED TEXT AND INFORMATION GRAPHICS PRESENTATIONS",
    author = "Green, Nancy  and
      Carenini, Giuseppe  and
      Moore, Johanna",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1403",
}
@inproceedings{mellish-etal-1998-architecture,
    title = "AN ARCHITECTURE FOR OPPORTUNISTIC TEXT GENERATION",
    author = "Mellish, Chris  and
      O{'}Donnell, Mick  and
      Oberlander, Jon  and
      Knott, Alistair",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1404",
}
@inproceedings{mcdonald-1998-controlled,
    title = "Controlled Realization of Complex Objects",
    author = "McDonald, David D.",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1405",
}
@inproceedings{beale-etal-1998-de,
    title = "De-Constraining Text Generation",
    author = "Beale, Stephen  and
      Nirenburg, Sergei  and
      Viegas, Evelyne  and
      Wanner, Leo",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1406",
}
@inproceedings{fraczak-etal-1998-automatic,
    title = "AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF SUBWAY DIRECTIONS: SALIENCE GRADATION AS A FACTOR FORDETERMINING MESSAGE AND FORM",
    author = "Fraczak, Lidia  and
      Lapalme, Guy  and
      Zock, Michael",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1407",
}
@inproceedings{marsi-1998-introducing,
    title = "INTRODUCING MAXIMAL VARIATION IN TEXT PLANNING FOR SMALL DOMAINS",
    author = "Marsi, Erwin",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1408",
}
@inproceedings{barzilay-etal-1998-new,
    title = "A NEW APPROACH TO EXPERT SYSTEM EXPLANATIONS",
    author = "Barzilay, Regina  and
      McCullough, Daryl  and
      Rambow, Owen  and
      DeCristofaro, Jonathan  and
      Korelsky, Tanya  and
      Lavoie, Benoit",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1409",
}
@inproceedings{fiedler-1998-macroplanning,
    title = "Macroplanning with a Cognitive Architecture for the Adaptive Explanation of Proofs",
    author = "Fiedler, Armin",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1410",
}
@inproceedings{mellish-etal-1998-experiments,
    title = "EXPERIMENTS USING STOCHASTIC SEARCH FOR TEXT PLANNING",
    author = "Mellish, Chris  and
      Knott, Alistair  and
      Oberlander, Jon  and
      O{'}Donnell, Mick",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1411",
}
@inproceedings{klabunde-jansche-1998-abductive,
    title = "ABDUCTIVE REASONING FOR SYNTACTIC REALIZATION*",
    author = "Klabunde, Ralf  and
      Jansche, Martin",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1412",
}
@inproceedings{ansari-hirst-1998-generating,
    title = "GENERATING WARNING INSTRUCTIONS BY PLANNING ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES",
    author = "Ansari, Daniel  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1413",
}
@inproceedings{grote-stede-1998-discourse,
    title = "DISCOURSE MARKER CHOICE IN SENTENCE PLANNING",
    author = "Grote, Brigitte  and
      Stede, Manfred",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1414",
}
@inproceedings{shaw-1998-clause,
    title = "Clause Aggregation Using Linguistic Knowledge",
    author = "Shaw, James",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1415",
}
@inproceedings{zukerman-etal-1998-attention,
    title = "ATTENTION DURING ARGUMENT GENERATION AND PRESENTATION",
    author = "Zukerman, Ingrid  and
      McConachy, Richard  and
      Korb, Kevin B.",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1416",
}
@inproceedings{jokinen-etal-1998-planning,
    title = "PLANNING DIALOGUE CONTRIBUTIONS WITH NEW INFORMATION",
    author = "JOKINEN, KRISTIINA  and
      TANAKA, HIDEKI  and
      YOKOO, AKIO",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1417",
}
@inproceedings{netzer-elhadad-1998-generation,
    title = "GENERATION OF NOUN COMPOUNDS IN HEBREW: CAN SYNTACTIC KNOWLEDGE BE FULLY ENCAPSULATED?",
    author = "Netzer, Yael Dahan  and
      Elhadad, Michael",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1418",
}
@inproceedings{stone-webber-1998-textual,
    title = "TEXTUAL ECONOMY THROUGH CLOSE COUPLING OF SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS",
    author = "Stone, Matthew  and
      Webber, Bonnie",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1419",
}
@inproceedings{temizsoy-cicekli-1998-language,
    title = "A Language-Independent System for Generating Feature Structures from Interlingua Representations",
    author = "Temizsoy, Murat  and
      Cicekli, Ilyas",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1420",
}
@inproceedings{alexandersson-poller-1998-towards,
    title = "Towards Multilingual Protocol Generation For Spontaneous Speech Dialogues",
    author = "Alexandersson, Jan  and
      Poller, Peter",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1421",
}
@inproceedings{becker-1998-fully,
    title = "Fully Lexicalized Head-Driven Syntactic Generation",
    author = "Becker, Tilman",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1422",
}
@inproceedings{wilcock-1998-approaches,
    title = "APPROACHES TO SURFACE REALIZATION WITH HPSG",
    author = "Wilcock, Graham",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1423",
}
@inproceedings{matthiessen-etal-1998-multex,
    title = "The Multex generator and its environment: application and development",
    author = "Matthiessen, Christian  and
      Zeng, Licheng  and
      Cross, Marilyn  and
      Kobayashi, Ichiro  and
      Teruya, Kazuhiro  and
      Wu, Canzhong",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1424",
}
@inproceedings{busemann-horacek-1998-flexible,
    title = "A FLEXIBLE SHALLOW APPROACH TO TEXT GENERATION",
    author = "Busemann, Stephan  and
      Horacek, Helmut",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1425",
}
@inproceedings{langkilde-knight-1998-practical,
    title = "THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF N-GRAMS IS IN GENERATION",
    author = "Langkilde, Irene  and
      Knight, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1426",
}
@inproceedings{scott-etal-1998-generation,
    title = "GENERATION AS A SOLUTION TO ITS OWN PROBLEM",
    author = "Scott, Donia  and
      Power, Richard  and
      Evans, Roger",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1427",
}
@inproceedings{white-caldwell-1998-exemplars,
    title = "{EXEMPLARS}: A Practical, Extensible Framework For Dynamic Text Generation",
    author = "White, Michael  and
      Caldwell, Ted",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1428",
}
@inproceedings{gabrilovich-etal-1998-system,
    title = "SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION WITH ABSTRACT MACHINE",
    author = "Gabrilovich, Evgeniy  and
      Francez, Nissirn  and
      Wintner, Shuly",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1429",
}
@inproceedings{freedman-etal-1998-system,
    title = "SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION CONTENT PLANNING AS THE BASIS FOR AN INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEM",
    author = "Freedman, Reva  and
      Brandle, Stefan  and
      Glass, Michael  and
      Kim, Jung Hee  and
      Zhou, Yujian  and
      Evens, Martha W.",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1430",
}
@inproceedings{meunier-danlos-1998-system,
    title = "SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION FLAUBERT: AN USER FRIENDLY SYSTEM FOR MULTILINGUAL TEXT GENERATION",
    author = "MEUNIER, FREDERIC  and
      DANLOS, LAURENCE",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1431",
}
@inproceedings{etchegoyhen-wehrle-1998-system,
    title = "SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION OVERVIEW OF GBGEN",
    author = "Etchegoyhen, Thierry  and
      Wehrle, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1432",
}
@inproceedings{theune-klabbers-1998-system,
    title = "SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION GOALGETTER: GENERATION OF SPOKEN SOCCER REPORTS",
    author = "Theune, Mariet  and
      Klabbers, Esther",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1433",
}
@inproceedings{yao-etal-1998-system,
    title = "System Demonstration Multilingual Weather Forecast Generation System",
    author = "Yao, Tianfang  and
      Zhang, Dongmo  and
      Wang, Qian",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1434",
}
@inproceedings{coch-1998-system,
    title = "SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION INTERACTIVE GENERATION AND KNOWLEDGE ADMINISTRATION IN MULTIMETEO",
    author = "Coch, Jose",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1435",
}
@inproceedings{ferencz-etal-1998-romvox,
    title = "ROMVOX EXPERIMENTS REGARDING UNRESTRICTED TEXT TO SPEECH SYNTHESIS FOR THE ROMANLAN LANGUAGE",
    author = "FERENCZ, ATTILA  and
      RATIU, TEODORA  and
      FERENCZ, MARIA  and
      KOVACS, TONDE-CSILLA  and
      NAGY, ISTVAN  and
      ZAIU, DIANA",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1436",
}
@inproceedings{power-scott-1998-wysiwym,
    title = "{WYSIWYM}: knowledge editing with natural language feedback",
    author = "Power, Richard  and
      Scott, Donia",
    booktitle = "Natural Language Generation",
    year = "1998",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1437",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-empirical,
    title = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Ide, Nancy  and
      Voutilainen, Atro",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1500",
}
@inproceedings{baldwin-morton-1998-dynamic,
    title = "Dynamic Coreference-Based Summarization",
    author = "Baldwin, Breck  and
      Morton, Thomas S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1501",
    pages = "1--6",
}
@inproceedings{mitkov-etal-1998-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Robust Anaphora Resolution",
    author = "Mitkov, Ruslan  and
      Belguith, Lamia  and
      Stys, Malgorzata",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1502",
    pages = "7--16",
}
@inproceedings{boutsis-piperidis-1998-aligning,
    title = "Aligning Clattses in Parallel Texts",
    author = "Boutsis, Sotiris  and
      Piperidis, Stelios",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1503",
    pages = "17--26",
}
@inproceedings{simard-1998-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Insertion of Accents in {F}rench Text",
    author = "Simard, Michel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1504",
    pages = "27--35",
}
@inproceedings{carroll-rooth-1998-valence,
    title = "Valence Induction with a Head-Lexicalized {PCFG}",
    author = "Carroll, Glenn  and
      Rooth, Mats",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1505",
    pages = "36--45",
}
@inproceedings{kilgarriff-rose-1998-measures,
    title = "Measures for Corpus Similarity and Homogeneity",
    author = "Kilgarriff, Adam  and
      Rose, Tony",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1506",
    pages = "46--52",
}
@inproceedings{bruce-wiebe-1998-word,
    title = "Word-Sense Distinguishability and Inter-Coder Agreement",
    author = "Bruce, Rebecca  and
      Wiebe, Janyce",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1507",
    pages = "53--60",
}
@inproceedings{dalessio-etal-1998-category,
    title = "Category Levels in Hierarchical Text Categorization",
    author = "D{'}Alessio, Stephen  and
      Murray, Keitha  and
      Schiaffino, Robert  and
      Kershenbaum, Aaron",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1508",
    pages = "61--70",
}
@inproceedings{fukumoto-suzuki-1998-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Approach to Text Categorization Based on Term Weight Learning",
    author = "Fukumoto, Fumiyo  and
      Suzuki, Yoshimi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1509",
    pages = "71--79",
}
@inproceedings{shirai-etal-1998-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Evaluation on Statistical Parsing of {J}apanese Sentences Using Lexical Association Statistics",
    author = "Shirai, Kiyoaki  and
      Inui, Kentaro  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu  and
      Tanaka, Hozumi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1510",
    pages = "80--86",
}
@inproceedings{fujio-matsumoto-1998-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese Dependency Structure Analysis based on Lexicalized Statistics",
    author = "Fujio, Masakazu  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1511",
    pages = "87--95",
}
@inproceedings{berger-printz-1998-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Criteria for Maximum Entropy/ Minimum Divergence Feature Selection",
    author = "Berger, Adam  and
      Printz, Harry",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1512",
    pages = "96--106",
}
@inproceedings{nn-1998-author-index-2,
    title = "Author Index",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods for Natural Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1513",
}
@proceedings{ws-1998-nordic,
    title = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    author = "Maegaard, Bente",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1600",
}
@inproceedings{bernth-mccord-1998-lmt,
    title = "{LMT} at Tivoli Gardens",
    author = "Bernth, Arendse  and
      McCord, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1601",
    pages = "4--12",
}
@inproceedings{sjogreen-1998-drug,
    title = "Drug Terminology. A multilingual term database. The {AVENTINUS} project",
    author = {Sj{\"o}green, Christian},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1602",
    pages = "13--21",
}
@inproceedings{kokkinakis-1998-aventinus,
    title = "{AVENTINUS}, {GATE} and {S}wedish Lingware",
    author = "Kokkinakis, Dimitrios",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1603",
    pages = "22--33",
}
@inproceedings{nordgard-1998-norwegian,
    title = "{N}orwegian Computational Lexicon ({N}or{K}omp{L}eks)",
    author = "Nordg{\aa}rd, Torbj{\o}rn",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1604",
    pages = "34--43",
}
@inproceedings{bick-1998-structural,
    title = "Structural Lexical Heuristics in the Automatic Analysis of {P}ortuguese",
    author = "Bick, Eckhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1605",
    pages = "44--56",
}
@inproceedings{navarretta-neville-1998-hpsg,
    title = "An {HPSG} Marking Analysis of {D}anish Determiners and Clausal Adverbials",
    author = "Navarretta, Costanza  and
      Neville, Anne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1606",
    pages = "57--67",
}
@inproceedings{sagvall-hein-1998-chart,
    title = "A Chart-Based Framework for Grammar Checking. Initial Studies",
    author = "S{\aa}gvall Hein, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1607",
    pages = "68--80",
}
@inproceedings{ahlmann-hansen-kjaersgaard-1998-cp,
    title = "{CP}-{UDOG}: An Algorithm for the Disambiguation of Compound Participles in {D}anish",
    author = "Ahlmann Hansen, Jens  and
      Kj{\ae}rsgaard, Poul S{\o}ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1608",
    pages = "81--86",
}
@inproceedings{prytz-1998-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation of the Syntactic Parsing Performed by the {ENGCG} Parser",
    author = "Prytz, Klas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1609",
    pages = "87--93",
}
@inproceedings{tjong-kim-sang-1998-catch,
    title = "{CATCH}: A Program for Developing World Wide Web {CALL} Material",
    author = "Tjong Kim Sang, Erik F.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1610",
    pages = "94--99",
}
@inproceedings{dewe-etal-1998-assembling,
    title = "Assembling a Balanced Corpus from the {I}nternet",
    author = "Dewe, Johan  and
      Karlgren, Jussi  and
      Bretan, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1611",
    pages = "100--108",
}
@inproceedings{henrichsen-1998-peeking,
    title = "Peeking Into the {D}anish Living Room. {I}nternet access to a large speech corpus",
    author = "Henrichsen, Peter Juel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1612",
    pages = "109--119",
}
@inproceedings{tiedemann-1998-extraction,
    title = "Extraction of Translation Equivalents from Parallel Corpora",
    author = {Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1613",
    pages = "120--128",
}
@inproceedings{bilgram-keson-1998-construction,
    title = "The Construction of a Tagged {D}anish Corpus",
    author = "Bilgram, Thomas  and
      Keson, Britt",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1614",
    pages = "129--139",
}
@inproceedings{borin-1998-linguistics,
    title = "Linguistics isn{'}t always the answer: Word comparison in computational linguistics",
    author = "Borin, Lars",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1615",
    pages = "140--151",
}
@inproceedings{lager-1998-logic,
    title = "Logic for Part-of-Speech Tagging and Shallow Parsing",
    author = {Lager, Torbj{\"o}rn},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1616",
    pages = "152--159",
}
@inproceedings{blom-1998-statistical,
    title = "A statistical and structural approach to extracting collocations likely to be of relevance in relation to an {LSP} sub-domain text",
    author = "Blom, Bjarne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1617",
    pages = "160--167",
}
@inproceedings{brodda-1998-reasonably,
    title = "A Reasonably Language Independent, Heuristic Algorithm for the Marking of Names in Running Texts",
    author = "Brodda, Benny",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1618",
    pages = "168--175",
}
@inproceedings{burheim-1998-results,
    title = "Some Results Regarding Tree Homomorphic Feature Structure Grammar and the Empty String",
    author = "Burheim, Tore",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1619",
    pages = "176--185",
}
@inproceedings{de-smedt-1998-teaching,
    title = "Teaching and learning computational linguistics in an international setting",
    author = "de Smedt, Koenraad",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics ({NODALIDA} 1998)",
    month = mar,
    year = "1998",
    address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
    publisher = "Center for Sprogteknologi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W98-1620",
    pages = "186--189",
}
@proceedings{ranlp-2017-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    author = "Mitkov, Ruslan  and
      Angelova, Galia",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
}
@inproceedings{abualhaija-etal-2017-parameter,
    title = "Parameter Transfer across Domains for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Abualhaija, Sallam  and
      Tahmasebi, Nina  and
      Forin, Diane  and
      Zimmermann, Karl-Heinz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_001",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_001",
    pages = "1--8",
    abstract = "Word sense disambiguation is defined as finding the corresponding sense for a target word in a given context, which comprises a major step in text applications. Recently, it has been addressed as an optimization problem. The idea behind is to find a sequence of senses that corresponds to the words in a given context with a maximum semantic similarity. Metaheuristics like simulated annealing and D-Bees provide approximate good-enough solutions, but are usually influenced by the starting parameters. In this paper, we study the parameter tuning for both algorithms within the word sense disambiguation problem. The experiments are conducted on different datasets to cover different disambiguation scenarios. We show that D-Bees is robust and less sensitive towards the initial parameters compared to simulated annealing, hence, it is sufficient to tune the parameters once and reuse them for different datasets, domains or languages.",
}
@inproceedings{aburaed-etal-2017-sentence,
    title = "What Sentence are you Referring to and Why? Identifying Cited Sentences in Scientific Literature",
    author = "AbuRa{'}ed, Ahmed  and
      Chiruzzo, Luis  and
      Saggion, Horacio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_002",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_002",
    pages = "9--17",
    abstract = "In the current context of scientific information overload, text mining tools are of paramount importance for researchers who have to read scientific papers and assess their value. Current citation networks, which link papers by citation relationships (reference and citing paper), are useful to quantitatively understand the value of a piece of scientific work, however they are limited in that they do not provide information about what specific part of the reference paper the citing paper is referring to. This qualitative information is very important, for example, in the context of current community-based scientific summarization activities. In this paper, and relying on an annotated dataset of co-citation sentences, we carry out a number of experiments aimed at, given a citation sentence, automatically identify a part of a reference paper being cited. Additionally our algorithm predicts the specific reason why such reference sentence has been cited out of five possible reasons.",
}
@inproceedings{agirrezabal-etal-2017-comparison,
    title = "A Comparison of Feature-Based and Neural Scansion of Poetry",
    author = "Agirrezabal, Manex  and
      Alegria, I{\~n}aki  and
      Hulden, Mans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_003",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_003",
    pages = "18--23",
    abstract = "Automatic analysis of poetic rhythm is a challenging task that involves linguistics, literature, and computer science. When the language to be analyzed is known, rule-based systems or data-driven methods can be used. In this paper, we analyze poetic rhythm in English and Spanish. We show that the representations of data learned from character-based neural models are more informative than the ones from hand-crafted features, and that a Bi-LSTM+CRF-model produces state-of-the art accuracy on scansion of poetry in two languages. Results also show that the information about whole word structure, and not just independent syllables, is highly informative for performing scansion.",
}
@inproceedings{ahmadnia-etal-2017-persian,
    title = "{P}ersian-{S}panish Low-Resource Statistical Machine Translation Through {E}nglish as Pivot Language",
    author = "Ahmadnia, Benyamin  and
      Serrano, Javier  and
      Haffari, Gholamreza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_004",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_004",
    pages = "24--30",
    abstract = "This paper is an attempt to exclusively focus on investigating the pivot language technique in which a bridging language is utilized to increase the quality of the Persian-Spanish low-resource Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). In this case, English is used as the bridging language, and the Persian-English SMT is combined with the English-Spanish one, where the relatively large corpora of each may be used in support of the Persian-Spanish pairing. Our results indicate that the pivot language technique outperforms the direct SMT processes currently in use between Persian and Spanish. Furthermore, we investigate the sentence translation pivot strategy and the phrase translation in turn, and demonstrate that, in the context of the Persian-Spanish SMT system, the phrase-level pivoting outperforms the sentence-level pivoting. Finally we suggest a method called combination model in which the standard direct model and the best triangulation pivoting model are blended in order to reach a high-quality translation.",
}
@inproceedings{aker-etal-2017-simple,
    title = "Simple Open Stance Classification for Rumour Analysis",
    author = "Aker, Ahmet  and
      Derczynski, Leon  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_005",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_005",
    pages = "31--39",
    abstract = "Stance classification determines the attitude, or stance, in a (typically short) text. The task has powerful applications, such as the detection of fake news or the automatic extraction of attitudes toward entities or events in the media. This paper describes a surprisingly simple and efficient classification approach to open stance classification in Twitter, for rumour and veracity classification. The approach profits from a novel set of automatically identifiable problem-specific features, which significantly boost classifier accuracy and achieve above state-of-the-art results on recent benchmark datasets. This calls into question the value of using complex sophisticated models for stance classification without first doing informed feature extraction.",
}
@inproceedings{aker-etal-2017-extensible,
    title = "An Extensible Multilingual Open Source Lemmatizer",
    author = "Aker, Ahmet  and
      Petrak, Johann  and
      Sabbah, Firas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_006",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_006",
    pages = "40--45",
    abstract = "We present GATE DictLemmatizer, a multilingual open source lemmatizer for the GATE NLP framework that currently supports English, German, Italian, French, Dutch, and Spanish, and is easily extensible to other languages. The software is freely available under the LGPL license. The lemmatization is based on the Helsinki Finite-State Transducer Technology (HFST) and lemma dictionaries automatically created from Wiktionary. We evaluate the performance of the lemmatizers against TreeTagger, which is only freely available for research purposes. Our evaluation shows that DictLemmatizer achieves similar or even better results than TreeTagger for languages where there is support from HFST. The performance drops when there is no support from HFST and the entire lemmatization process is based on lemma dictionaries. However, the results are still satisfactory given the fact that DictLemmatizer isopen-source and can be easily extended to other languages. The software for extending the lemmatizer by creating word lists from Wiktionary dictionaries is also freely available as open-source software.",
}
@inproceedings{albogamy-ramsay-2017-universal,
    title = "Universal Dependencies for {A}rabic Tweets",
    author = "Albogamy, Fahad  and
      Ramsay, Allan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_007",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_007",
    pages = "46--51",
    abstract = "To facilitate cross-lingual studies, there is an increasing interest in identifying linguistic universals. Recently, a new universal scheme was designed as a part of universal dependency project. In this paper, we map the Arabic tweets dependency treebank (ATDT) to the Universal Dependency (UD) scheme to compare it to other language resources and for the purpose of cross-lingual studies.",
}
@inproceedings{almansor-al-ani-2017-translating,
    title = "Translating Dialectal {A}rabic as Low Resource Language using Word Embedding",
    author = "Almansor, Ebtesam H  and
      Al-Ani, Ahmed",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_008",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_008",
    pages = "52--57",
    abstract = "A number of machine translation methods have been proposed in recent years to deal with the increasingly important problem of automatic translation between texts of different languages or languages and their dialects. These methods have produced promising results when applied to some of the widely studied languages. Existing translation methods are mainly implemented using rule-based and static machine translation approaches. Rule based approaches utilize language translation rules that can either be constructed by an expert, which is quite difficult when dealing with dialects, or rely on rule construction algorithms, which require very large parallel datasets. Statistical approaches also require large parallel datasets to build the translation models. However, large parallel datasets do not exist for languages with low resources, such as the Arabic language and its dialects. In this paper we propose an algorithm that attempts to overcome this limitation, and apply it to translate the Egyptian dialect (EGY) to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Monolingual corpus was collected for both MSA and EGY and a relatively small parallel language pair set was built to train the models. The proposed method utilizes Word embedding as it requires monolingual data rather than parallel corpus. Both Continuous Bag of Words and Skip-gram were used to build word vectors. The proposed method was validated on four different datasets using a four-fold cross validation approach.",
}
@inproceedings{almiman-ramsay-2017-using,
    title = "Using {E}nglish Dictionaries to generate Commonsense Knowledge in Natural Language",
    author = "Almiman, Ali  and
      Ramsay, Allan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_009",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_009",
    pages = "58--63",
    abstract = "This paper presents an approach to generating common sense knowledge written in raw English sentences. Instead of using public contributors to feed this source, this system chose to employ expert linguistics decisions by using definitions from English dictionaries. Because the definitions in English dictionaries are not prepared to be transformed into inference rules, some preprocessing steps were taken to turn each relation of word:definition in dictionaries into an inference rule in the form left-hand side ⇒ right-hand side. In this paper, we applied this mechanism using two dictionaries: The MacMillan Dictionary and WordNet definitions. A random set of 200 inference rules were extracted equally from the two dictionaries, and then we used human judgment as to whether these rules are {`}True{'} or not. For the MacMillan Dictionary the precision reaches 0.74 with 0.508 recall, and the WordNet definitions resulted in 0.73 precision with 0.09 recall.",
}
@inproceedings{almiman-ramsay-2017-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid System to apply Natural Language Inference over Dependency Trees",
    author = "Almiman, Ali  and
      Ramsay, Allan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_010",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_010",
    pages = "64--70",
    abstract = "This paper presents the development of a natural language inference engine that benefits from two current standard approaches; i.e., shallow and deep approaches. This system combines two non-deterministic algorithms: the approximate matching from the shallow approach and a theorem prover from the deep approach for handling multi-step inference tasks. The theorem prover is customized to accept dependency trees and apply inference rules to these trees. The inference rules are automatically generated as syllogistic rules from our test data (FraCaS test suite). The theorem prover exploits a non-deterministic matching algorithm within a standard backward chaining inference engine. We employ continuation programming as a way of seamlessly handling the combination of these two non-deterministic algorithms. Testing the matching algorithm on {``}Generalized quantifiers{''} and {``}adjectives{''} topics in FraCaS (MacCartney and Manning 2007), we achieved an accuracy of 92.8{\%} of the single-premise cases. For the multi-steps of inference, we checked the validity of our syllogistic rules and then extracted four generic instances that can be applied to more than one problem.",
}
@inproceedings{barbu-2017-ensembles,
    title = "Ensembles of Classifiers for Cleaning Web Parallel Corpora and Translation Memories",
    author = "Barbu, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_011",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_011",
    pages = "71--77",
    abstract = "The last years witnessed an increasing interest in the automatic methods for spotting false translation units in translation memories. This problem presents a great interest to industry as there are many translation memories that contain errors. A closely related line of research deals with identifying sentences that do not align in the parallel corpora mined from the web. The task of spotting false translations is modeled as a binary classification problem. It is known that in certain conditions the ensembles of classifiers improve over the performance of the individual members. In this paper we benchmark the most popular ensemble of classifiers: Majority Voting, Bagging, Stacking and Ada Boost at the task of spotting false translation units for translation memories and parallel web corpora. We want to know if for this specific problem any ensemble technique improves the performance of the individual classifiers and if there is a difference between the data in translation memories and parallel web corpora with respect to this task.",
}
@inproceedings{basaldella-etal-2017-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting and Evaluating a Supervised, Multilanguage Keyphrase Extraction pipeline for under-resourced languages",
    author = "Basaldella, Marco  and
      Helmy, Muhammad  and
      Antolli, Elisa  and
      Popescu, Mihai Horia  and
      Serra, Giuseppe  and
      Tasso, Carlo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_012",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_012",
    pages = "78--85",
    abstract = "This paper evaluates different techniques for building a supervised, multilanguage keyphrase extraction pipeline for languages which lack a gold standard. Starting from an unsupervised English keyphrase extraction pipeline, we implement pipelines for Arabic, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian, and we build test collections for languages which lack one. Then, we add a Machine Learning module trained on a well-known English language corpus and we evaluate the performance not only over English but on the other languages as well. Finally, we repeat the same evaluation after training the pipeline over an Arabic language corpus to check whether using a language-specific corpus brings a further improvement in performance. On the five languages we analyzed, results show an improvement in performance when using a machine learning algorithm, even if such algorithm is not trained and tested on the same language.",
}
@inproceedings{bastawisy-elmahdy-2017-multi,
    title = "Multi-Lingual Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation for {A}rabic-{E}nglish",
    author = "Bastawisy, Ahmed  and
      Elmahdy, Mohamed",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_013",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_013",
    pages = "86--89",
    abstract = "In this paper, we implement a multilingual Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) system for Arabic-English Translation. Arabic Text can be categorized into standard and dialectal Arabic. These two forms of Arabic differ significantly. Different mono-lingual and multi-lingual hybrid SMT approaches are compared. Mono-lingual systems do always results in better translation accuracy in one Arabic form and poor accuracy in the other. Multi-lingual SMT models that are trained with pooled parallel MSA/dialectal data result in better accuracy. However, since the available parallel MSA data are much larger compared to dialectal data, multilingual models are biased to MSA. We propose in the work, a multi-lingual combination of different mono-lingual systems using an Arabic form classifier. The outcome of the classier directs the system to use the appropriate mono-lingual models (standard, dialectal, or mixture). Testing the different SMT systems shows that the proposed classifier-based SMT system outperforms mono-lingual and data pooled multi-lingual systems.",
}
@inproceedings{benikova-zesch-2017-different,
    title = "Same same, but different: Compositionality of paraphrase granularity levels",
    author = "Benikova, Darina  and
      Zesch, Torsten",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_014",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_014",
    pages = "90--96",
    abstract = "Paraphrases exist on different granularity levels, the most frequently used one being the sentential level. However, we argue that working on the sentential level is not optimal for both machines and humans, and that it would be easier and more efficient to work on sub-sentential levels. To prove this, we quantify and analyze the difference between paraphrases on both sentence and sub-sentence level in order to show the significance of the problem. First results on a preliminary dataset seem to confirm our hypotheses.",
}
@inproceedings{bobicev-sokolova-2017-inter,
    title = "Inter-Annotator Agreement in Sentiment Analysis: Machine Learning Perspective",
    author = "Bobicev, Victoria  and
      Sokolova, Marina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_015",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_015",
    pages = "97--102",
    abstract = "Manual text annotation is an essential part of Big Text analytics. Although annotators work with limited parts of data sets, their results are extrapolated by automated text classification and affect the final classification results. Reliability of annotations and adequacy of assigned labels are especially important in the case of sentiment annotations. In the current study we examine inter-annotator agreement in multi-class, multi-label sentiment annotation of messages. We used several annotation agreement measures, as well as statistical analysis and Machine Learning to assess the resulting annotations.",
}
@inproceedings{boros-etal-2017-fast,
    title = "Fast and Accurate Decision Trees for Natural Language Processing Tasks",
    author = "Boros, Tiberiu  and
      Dumitrescu, Stefan Daniel  and
      Pipa, Sonia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_016",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_016",
    pages = "103--110",
    abstract = "Decision trees have been previously employed in many machine-learning tasks such as part-of-speech tagging, lemmatization, morphological-attribute resolution, letter-to-sound conversion and statistical-parametric speech synthesis. In this paper we introduce an optimized tree-computation algorithm, which is based on the original ID3 algorithm. We also introduce a tree-pruning method that uses a development set to delete nodes from over-fitted models. The later mentioned algorithm also uses a results caching method for speed-up. Our algorithm is almost 200 times faster than a naive implementation and yields accurate results on our test datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{bossard-rodrigues-2017-evolutionary,
    title = "An Evolutionary Algorithm for Automatic Summarization",
    author = "Bossard, Aur{\'e}lien  and
      Rodrigues, Christophe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_017",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_017",
    pages = "111--120",
    abstract = "This paper proposes a novel method to select sentences for automatic summarization based on an evolutionary algorithm. The algorithm explores candidate summaries space following an objective function computed over ngrams probability distributions of the candidate summary and the source documents. This method does not consider a summary as a stack of independent sentences but as a whole text, and makes use of advances in unsupervised summarization evaluation. We compare this sentence extraction method to one of the best existing methods which is based on integer linear programming, and show its efficiency on three different acknowledged corpora.",
}
@inproceedings{boyanov-etal-2017-building,
    title = "Building Chatbots from Forum Data: Model Selection Using Question Answering Metrics",
    author = "Boyanov, Martin  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro  and
      Da San Martino, Giovanni  and
      Koychev, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_018",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_018",
    pages = "121--129",
    abstract = "We propose to use question answering (QA) data from Web forums to train chat-bots from scratch, i.e., without dialog data. First, we extract pairs of question and answer sentences from the typically much longer texts of questions and answers in a forum. We then use these shorter texts to train seq2seq models in a more efficient way. We further improve the parameter optimization using a new model selection strategy based on QA measures. Finally, we propose to use extrinsic evaluation with respect to a QA task as an automatic evaluation method for chatbot systems. The evaluation shows that the model achieves a MAP of 63.5{\%} on the extrinsic task. Moreover, our manual evaluation demonstrates that the model can answer correctly 49.5{\%} of the questions when they are similar in style to how questions are asked in the forum, and 47.3{\%} of the questions, when they are more conversational in style.",
}
@inproceedings{boytcheva-etal-2017-mining,
    title = "Mining Association Rules from Clinical Narratives",
    author = "Boytcheva, Svetla  and
      Nikolova, Ivelina  and
      Angelova, Galia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_019",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_019",
    pages = "130--138",
    abstract = "Shallow text analysis (Text Mining) uses mainly Information Extraction techniques. The low resource languages do not allow application of such traditional techniques with sufficient accuracy and recall on big data. In contrast, Data Mining approaches provide an opportunity to make deep analysis and to discover new knowledge. Frequent pattern mining approaches are used mainly for structured information in databases and are a quite challenging task in text mining. Unfortunately, most frequent pattern mining approaches do not use contextual information for extracted patterns: general patterns are extracted regardless of the context. We propose a method that processes raw informal texts (from health discussion forums) and formal texts (outpatient records) in Bulgarian language. In addition we use some context information and small terminological lexicons to generalize extracted frequent patterns. This allows to map informal expression of medical terminology to the formal one and to generate automatically resources.",
}
@inproceedings{calixto-liu-2017-sentence,
    title = "Sentence-Level Multilingual Multi-modal Embedding for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Calixto, Iacer  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_020",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_020",
    pages = "139--148",
    abstract = "We propose a novel discriminative ranking model that learns embeddings from multilingual and multi-modal data, meaning that our model can take advantage of images and descriptions in multiple languages to improve embedding quality. To that end, we introduce an objective function that uses pairwise ranking adapted to the case of three or more input sources. We compare our model against different baselines, and evaluate the robustness of our embeddings on image{--}sentence ranking (ISR), semantic textual similarity (STS), and neural machine translation (NMT). We find that the additional multilingual signals lead to improvements on all three tasks, and we highlight that our model can be used to consistently improve the adequacy of translations generated with NMT models when re-ranking n-best lists.",
}
@inproceedings{calleja-etal-2017-role,
    title = "Role-based model for Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Calleja, Pablo  and
      Garc{\'\i}a-Castro, Ra{\'u}l  and
      Aguado-de-Cea, Guadalupe  and
      G{\'o}mez-P{\'e}rez, Asunci{\'o}n",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_021",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_021",
    pages = "149--156",
    abstract = "Named Entity Recognition (NER) poses new challenges in real-world documents in which there are entities with different roles according to their purpose or meaning. Retrieving all the possible entities in scenarios in which only a subset of them based on their role is needed, produces noise on the overall precision. This work proposes a NER model that relies on role classification models that support recognizing entities with a specific role. The proposed model has been implemented in two use cases using Spanish drug Summary of Product Characteristics: identification of therapeutic indications and identification of adverse reactions. The results show how precision is increased using a NER model that is oriented towards a specific role and discards entities out of scope.",
}
@inproceedings{canales-etal-2017-towards,
    title = "Towards the Improvement of Automatic Emotion Pre-annotation with Polarity and Subjective Information",
    author = "Canales, Lea  and
      Daelemans, Walter  and
      Boldrini, Ester  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez-Barco, Patricio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_022",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_022",
    pages = "157--163",
    abstract = "Emotion detection has a high potential positive impact on the benefit of business, society, politics or education. Given this, the main objective of our research is to contribute to the resolution of one of the most important challenges in textual emotion detection: emotional corpora annotation. This will be tackled by proposing a semi-automatic methodology. It consists in two main phases: (1) an automatic process to pre-annotate the unlabelled sentences with a reduced number of emotional categories; and (2) a manual process of refinement where human annotators will determine which is the dominant emotion between the pre-defined set. Our objective in this paper is to show the pre-annotation process, as well as to evaluate the usability of subjective and polarity information in this process. The evaluation performed confirms clearly the benefits of employing the polarity and subjective information on emotion detection and thus endorses the relevance of our approach.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-bangalore-2017-underspecification,
    title = "Underspecification in Natural Language Understanding for Dialog Automation",
    author = "Chen, John  and
      Bangalore, Srinivas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_023",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_023",
    pages = "164--170",
    abstract = "With the increasing number of communication platforms that offer variety of ways of connecting two interlocutors, there is a resurgence of chat-based dialog systems. These systems, typically known as \textit{chatbots} have beensuccessfully applied in a range of consumer and enterprise applications. A keytechnology in such chat-bots is robust natural language understanding (NLU)which can significantly influence and impact the efficacy of the conversationand ultimately the user-experience. While NLU is far from perfect, this paperillustrates the role of \textit{underspecification} and its impact on successfuldialog completion.",
}
@inproceedings{chiru-decea-2017-identification,
    title = "Identification and Classification of the Most Important Moments in Students{'} Collaborative Chats",
    author = "Chiru, Costin  and
      Decea, Remus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_024",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_024",
    pages = "171--176",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present an application for the automatic identification of the important moments that might occur during students{'} collaborative chats. The moments are detected based on the input received from the user, who may choose to perform an analysis on the topics that interest him/her. Moreover, the application offers various types of suggestive and intuitive graphics that aid the user in identification of such moments. There are two main aspects that are considered when identifying important moments: the concepts{'} frequency and distribution throughout the conversation and the chat tempo, which is analyzed for identifying intensively debated concepts. By the tempo of the chat we understand the rate at which the ideas are input by the chat participants, expressed by the utterances{'} timestamps.",
}
@inproceedings{cotik-etal-2017-annotation,
    title = "Annotation of Entities and Relations in {S}panish Radiology Reports",
    author = "Cotik, Viviana  and
      Filippo, Dar{\'\i}o  and
      Roller, Roland  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans  and
      Xu, Feiyu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_025",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_025",
    pages = "177--184",
    abstract = "Radiology reports express the results of a radiology study and contain information about anatomical entities, findings, measures and impressions of the medical doctor. The use of information extraction techniques can help physicians to access this information in order to understand data and to infer further knowledge. Supervised machine learning methods are very popular to address information extraction, but are usually domain and language dependent. To train new classification models, annotated data is required. Moreover, annotated data is also required as an evaluation resource of information extraction algorithms. However, one major drawback of processing clinical data is the low availability of annotated datasets. For this reason we performed a manual annotation of radiology reports written in Spanish. This paper presents the corpus, the annotation schema, the annotation guidelines and further insight of the data.",
}
@inproceedings{dakota-kubler-2017-towards,
    title = "Towards Replicability in Parsing",
    author = {Dakota, Daniel  and
      K{\"u}bler, Sandra},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_026",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_026",
    pages = "185--194",
    abstract = "We investigate parsing replicability across 7 languages (and 8 treebanks), showing that choices concerning the use of grammatical functions in parsing or evaluation, the influence of the rare word threshold, as well as choices in test sentences and evaluation script options have considerable and often unexpected effects on parsing accuracies. All of those choices need to be carefully documented if we want to ensure replicability.",
}
@inproceedings{davoodi-kosseim-2017-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Identification of {A}lt{L}exes using Monolingual Parallel Corpora",
    author = "Davoodi, Elnaz  and
      Kosseim, Leila",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_027",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_027",
    pages = "195--200",
    abstract = "The automatic identification of discourse relations is still a challenging task in natural language processing. Discourse connectives, such as since or but, are the most informative cues to identify explicit relations; however discourse parsers typically use a closed inventory of such connectives. As a result, discourse relations signalled by markers outside these inventories (i.e. AltLexes) are not detected as effectively. In this paper, we propose a novel method to leverage parallel corpora in text simplification and lexical resources to automatically identify alternative lexicalizations that signal discourse relation. When applied to the Simple Wikipedia and Newsela corpora along with WordNet and the PPDB, the method allowed the automatic discovery of 91 AltLexes.",
}
@inproceedings{dinu-etal-2017-stylistic,
    title = "On the stylistic evolution from communism to democracy: {S}olomon {M}arcus study case",
    author = "Dinu, Anca  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.  and
      Dumitru, Bogdan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_028",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_028",
    pages = "201--207",
    abstract = "In this article we propose a stylistic analysis of Solomon Marcus{'} non-scientific published texts, gathered in six volumes, aiming to uncover some of his quantitative and qualitative fingerprints. Moreover, we compare and cluster two distinct periods of time in his writing style: 22 years of communist regime (1967-1989) and 27 years of democracy (1990-2016). The distributional analysis of Marcus{'} text reveals that the passing from the communist regime period to democracy is sharply marked by two complementary changes in Marcus{'} writing: in the pre-democracy period, the communist norms of writing style demanded on the one hand long phrases, long words and clich{\'e}s, and on the other hand, a short list of preferred {``}official{''} topics; in democracy tendency was towards shorten phrases and words while approaching a broader area of topics.",
}
@inproceedings{edouard-etal-2017-building,
    title = "Building timelines of soccer matches from Twitter",
    author = "Edouard, Amosse  and
      Cabrio, Elena  and
      Tonelli, Sara  and
      Le-Thanh, Nhan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_029",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_029",
    pages = "208--213",
    abstract = "This demo paper presents a system that builds a timeline with salient actions of a soccer game, based on the tweets posted by users. It combines information provided by external knowledge bases to enrich the content of tweets and applies graph theory to model relations between actions (e.g. goals, penalties) and participants of a game (e.g. players, teams). In the demo, a web application displays in nearly real-time the actions detected from tweets posted by users for a given match of Euro 2016. Our tools are freely available at \url{https://bitbucket.org/eamosse/event_tracking}.",
}
@inproceedings{edouard-etal-2017-youll,
    title = "You{'}ll Never Tweet Alone: Building Sports Match Timelines from Microblog Posts",
    author = "Edouard, Amosse  and
      Cabrio, Elena  and
      Tonelli, Sara  and
      Le-Thanh, Nhan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_030",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_030",
    pages = "214--221",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose an approach to build a timeline with actions in a sports game based on tweets. We combine information provided by external knowledge bases to enrich the content of the tweets, and apply graph theory to model relations between actions and participants in a game. We demonstrate the validity of our approach using tweets collected during the EURO 2016 Championship and evaluate the output against live summaries produced by sports channels.",
}
@inproceedings{edouard-etal-2017-graph,
    title = "Graph-based Event Extraction from Twitter",
    author = "Edouard, Amosse  and
      Cabrio, Elena  and
      Tonelli, Sara  and
      Le-Thanh, Nhan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_031",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_031",
    pages = "222--230",
    abstract = "Detecting which tweets describe a specific event and clustering them is one of the main challenging tasks related to Social Media currently addressed in the NLP community. Existing approaches have mainly focused on detecting spikes in clusters around specific keywords or Named Entities (NE). However, one of the main drawbacks of such approaches is the difficulty in understanding when the same keywords describe different events. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that exploits NE mentions in tweets and their entity context to create a temporal event graph. Then, using simple graph theory techniques and a PageRank-like algorithm, we process the event graphs to detect clusters of tweets describing the same events. Experiments on two gold standard datasets show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art results both in terms of evaluation performances and the quality of the detected events.",
}
@inproceedings{fernandez-etal-2017-opinion,
    title = "Opinion Mining in Social Networks versus Electoral Polls",
    author = "Fern{\'a}ndez, Javi  and
      Llopis, Fernando  and
      Guti{\'e}rrez, Yoan  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez-Barco, Patricio  and
      D{\'\i}ez, {\'A}lvaro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_032",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_032",
    pages = "231--237",
    abstract = "The recent failures of traditional poll models, like the predictions in United Kingdom with the Brexit, or in United States presidential elections with the victory of Donald Trump, have been noteworthy. With the decline of traditional poll models and the growth of the social networks, automatic tools are gaining popularity to make predictions in this context. In this paper we present our approximation and compare it with a real case: the 2017 French presidential election.",
}
@inproceedings{galarreta-etal-2017-corpus,
    title = "Corpus Creation and Initial {SMT} Experiments between {S}panish and {S}hipibo-konibo",
    author = "Galarreta, Ana-Paula  and
      Melgar, Andr{\'e}s  and
      Oncevay, Arturo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_033",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_033",
    pages = "238--244",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present the first attempts to develop a machine translation (MT) system between Spanish and Shipibo-konibo (es-shp). There are very few digital texts written in Shipibo-konibo and even less bilingual texts that can be aligned, hence we had to create a parallel corpus using both bilingual and monolingual texts. We will describe how this corpus was made, as well as the process we followed to improve the quality of the sentences used to build a statistical MT model or SMT. The results obtained surpassed the baseline proposed (dictionary based) and made a promising result for further development considering the size of corpus used. Finally, it is expected that this MT system can be reinforced with the use of additional linguistic rules and automatic language processing functions that are being implemented.",
}
@inproceedings{galieva-etal-2017-russian,
    title = "{R}ussian-{T}atar Socio-Political Thesaurus: Methodology, Challenges, the Status of the Project",
    author = "Galieva, Alfiya  and
      Nevzorova, Olga  and
      Yakubova, Dilyara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_034",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_034",
    pages = "245--252",
    abstract = "This paper discusses the general methodology and important practical aspects of implementing a new bilingual lexical resource {--} the Russian-Tatar Socio-Political Thesaurus that is being developed on the basis of the Russian RuThes thesaurus format as a hierarchy of concepts viewed as units of thought. Each concept is linked with a set of language expressions (words and collocations) referring to it in texts (text entries). Currently the Russian-Tatar Socio-Political Thesaurus includes 6,000 concepts, while new concepts and text entries are being constantly added to it. The paper outlines main challenges of translating concept names and their text entries into Tatar, and describes ways of reflecting the specificity of the Tatar lexical-semantic system.",
}
@inproceedings{galitsky-ilvovsky-2017-chat,
    title = "On a Chat Bot Finding Answers with Optimal Rhetoric Representation",
    author = "Galitsky, Boris  and
      Ilvovsky, Dmitry",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_035",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_035",
    pages = "253--259",
    abstract = "We demo a chat bot with the focus on complex, multi-sentence questions that enforce what we call rhetoric agreement of answers with questions. Chat bot finds answers which are not only relevant by topic but also match the question by style, argumentation patterns, communication means, experience level and other attributes. The system achieves rhetoric agreement by learning pairs of discourse trees (DTs) for question (Q) and answer (A). We build a library of best answer DTs for most types of complex questions. To better recognize a valid rhetoric agreement between Q and A, DTs are extended with the labels for communicative actions. An algorithm for finding the best DT for an A, given a Q, is evaluated.",
}
@inproceedings{gao-huang-2017-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Online Hate Speech Using Context Aware Models",
    author = "Gao, Lei  and
      Huang, Ruihong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_036",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_036",
    pages = "260--266",
    abstract = "In the wake of a polarizing election, the cyber world is laden with hate speech. Context accompanying a hate speech text is useful for identifying hate speech, which however has been largely overlooked in existing datasets and hate speech detection models. In this paper, we provide an annotated corpus of hate speech with context information well kept. Then we propose two types of hate speech detection models that incorporate context information, a logistic regression model with context features and a neural network model with learning components for context. Our evaluation shows that both models outperform a strong baseline by around 3{\%} to 4{\%} in F1 score and combining these two models further improve the performance by another 7{\%} in F1 score.",
}
@inproceedings{gencheva-etal-2017-context,
    title = "A Context-Aware Approach for Detecting Worth-Checking Claims in Political Debates",
    author = "Gencheva, Pepa  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Barr{\'o}n-Cede{\~n}o, Alberto  and
      Koychev, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_037",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_037",
    pages = "267--276",
    abstract = "In the context of investigative journalism, we address the problem of automatically identifying which claims in a given document are most worthy and should be prioritized for fact-checking. Despite its importance, this is a relatively understudied problem. Thus, we create a new corpus of political debates, containing statements that have been fact-checked by nine reputable sources, and we train machine learning models to predict which claims should be prioritized for fact-checking, i.e., we model the problem as a ranking task. Unlike previous work, which has looked primarily at sentences in isolation, in this paper we focus on a rich input representation modeling the context: relationship between the target statement and the larger context of the debate, interaction between the opponents, and reaction by the moderator and by the public. Our experiments show state-of-the-art results, outperforming a strong rivaling system by a margin, while also confirming the importance of the contextual information.",
}
@inproceedings{gromann-declerck-2017-hashtag,
    title = "Hashtag Processing for Enhanced Clustering of Tweets",
    author = "Gromann, Dagmar  and
      Declerck, Thierry",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_038",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_038",
    pages = "277--283",
    abstract = "Rich data provided by tweets have beenanalyzed, clustered, and explored in a variety of studies. Typically those studies focus on named entity recognition, entity linking, and entity disambiguation or clustering. Tweets and hashtags are generally analyzed on sentential or word level but not on a compositional level of concatenated words. We propose an approach for a closer analysis of compounds in hashtags, and in the long run also of other types of text sequences in tweets, in order to enhance the clustering of such text documents. Hashtags have been used before as primary topic indicators to cluster tweets, however, their segmentation and its effect on clustering results have not been investigated to the best of our knowledge. Our results with a standard dataset from the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) show that segmented and harmonized hashtags positively impact effective clustering.",
}
@inproceedings{guillen-etal-2017-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Processing Technologies for Document Profiling",
    author = "Guill{\'e}n, Antonio  and
      Guti{\'e}rrez, Yoan  and
      Mu{\~n}oz, Rafael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_039",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_039",
    pages = "284--290",
    abstract = "Nowadays, search for documents on the Internet is becoming increasingly difficult. The reason is the amount of content published by users (articles, comments, blogs, reviews). How to facilitate that the users can find their required documents? What would be necessary to provide useful document meta-data for supporting search engines? In this article, we present a study of some Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies that can be useful for facilitating the proper identification of documents according to the user needs. For this purpose, it is designed a document profile that will be able to represent semantic meta-data extracted from documents by using NLP technologies. The research is basically focused on the study of different NLP technologies in order to support the creation our novel document profile proposal from semantic perspectives.",
}
@inproceedings{hazem-etal-2017-mappsent,
    title = "{M}app{S}ent: a Textual Mapping Approach for Question-to-Question Similarity",
    author = "Hazem, Amir  and
      El Amel Boussaha, Basma  and
      Hernandez, Nicolas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_040",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_040",
    pages = "291--300",
    abstract = "Since the advent of word embedding methods, the representation of longer pieces of texts such as sentences and paragraphs is gaining more and more interest, especially for textual similarity tasks. Mikolov et al. (2013) have demonstrated that words and phrases exhibit linear structures that allow to meaningfully combine words by an element-wise addition of their vector representations. Recently, Arora et al. (2017) have shown that removing the projections of the weighted average sum of word embedding vectors on their first principal components, outperforms sophisticated supervised methods including RNN{'}s and LSTM{'}s. Inspired by Mikolov et al. (2013) and Arora et al. (2017) findings and by a bilingual word mapping technique presented in Artetxe et al. (2016), we introduce MappSent, a novel approach for textual similarity. Based on a linear sentence embedding representation, its principle is to build a matrix that maps sentences in a joint-subspace where similar sets of sentences are pushed closer. We evaluate our approach on the SemEval 2016/2017 question-to-question similarity task and show that overall MappSent achieves competitive results and outperforms in most cases state-of-art methods.",
}
@inproceedings{hercig-lenc-2017-impact,
    title = "The Impact of Figurative Language on Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Hercig, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}}  and
      Lenc, Ladislav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_041",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_041",
    pages = "301--308",
    abstract = "Figurative language such as irony, sarcasm, and metaphor is considered a significant challenge in sentiment analysis. These figurative devices can sculpt the affect of an utterance and test the limits of sentiment analysis of supposedly literal texts. We explore the effect of figurative language on sentiment analysis. We incorporate the figurative language indicators into the sentiment analysis process and compare the results with and without the additional information about them. We evaluate on the SemEval-2015 Task 11 data and outperform the first team with our convolutional neural network model and additional training data in terms of mean squared error and we follow closely behind the first place in terms of cosine similarity.",
}
@inproceedings{hooda-kosseim-2017-argument,
    title = "Argument Labeling of Explicit Discourse Relations using {LSTM} Neural Networks",
    author = "Hooda, Sohail  and
      Kosseim, Leila",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_042",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_042",
    pages = "309--315",
    abstract = "Argument labeling of explicit discourse relations is a challenging task. The state of the art systems achieve slightly above 55{\%} F-measure but require hand-crafted features. In this paper, we propose a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based model for argument labeling. We experimented with multiple configurations of our model. Using the PDTB dataset, our best model achieved an F1 measure of 23.05{\%} without any feature engineering. This is significantly higher than the 20.52{\%} achieved by the state of the art RNN approach, but significantly lower than the feature based state of the art systems. On the other hand, because our approach learns only from the raw dataset, it is more widely applicable to multiple textual genres and languages.",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2017-non,
    title = "Non-Deterministic Segmentation for {C}hinese Lattice Parsing",
    author = {Hu, Hai  and
      Dakota, Daniel  and
      K{\"u}bler, Sandra},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_043",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_043",
    pages = "316--324",
    abstract = "Parsing Chinese critically depends on correct word segmentation for the parser since incorrect segmentation inevitably causes incorrect parses. We investigate a pipeline approach to segmentation and parsing using word lattices as parser input. We compare CRF-based and lexicon-based approaches to word segmentation. Our results show that the lattice parser is capable of selecting the correction segmentation from thousands of options, thus drastically reducing the number of unparsed sentence. Lexicon-based parsing models have a better coverage than the CRF-based approach, but the many options are more difficult to handle. We reach our best result by using a lexicon from the n-best CRF analyses, combined with highly probable words.",
}
@inproceedings{kanishcheva-bobicev-2017-good,
    title = "Good News vs. Bad News: What are they talking about?",
    author = "Kanishcheva, Olga  and
      Bobicev, Victoria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_044",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_044",
    pages = "325--333",
    abstract = "Today{'}s massive news streams demand the automate analysis which is provided by various online news explorers. However, most of them do not provide sentiment analysis. The main problem of sentiment analysis of news is the differences between the writers and readers attitudes to the news text. News can be good or bad but have to be delivered in neutral words as pure facts. Although there are applications for sentiment analysis of news, the task of news analysis is still a very actual problem because the latest news impacts people{'}s lives daily. In this paper, we explored the problem of sentiment analysis for Ukrainian and Russian news, developed a corpus of Ukrainian and Russian news and annotated each text using one of three categories: positive, negative and neutral. Each text was marked by at least three independent annotators via the web interface, the inter-annotator agreement was analyzed and the final label for each text was computed. These texts were used in the machine learning experiments. Further, we investigated what kinds of named entities such as Locations, Organizations, Persons are perceived as good or bad by the readers and which of them were the cause for text annotation ambiguity.",
}
@inproceedings{karadzhov-etal-2017-built,
    title = "We Built a Fake News / Click Bait Filter: What Happened Next Will Blow Your Mind!",
    author = "Karadzhov, Georgi  and
      Gencheva, Pepa  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      Koychev, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_045",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_045",
    pages = "334--343",
    abstract = "It is completely amazing! Fake news and {``}click baits{''} have totally invaded the cyberspace. Let us face it: everybody hates them for three simple reasons. Reason {\#}2 will absolutely amaze you. What these can achieve at the time of election will completely blow your mind! Now, we all agree, this cannot go on, you know, somebody has to stop it. So, we did this research, and trust us, it is totally great research, it really is! Make no mistake. This is the best research ever! Seriously, come have a look, we have it all: neural networks, attention mechanism, sentiment lexicons, author profiling, you name it. Lexical features, semantic features, we absolutely have it all. And we have totally tested it, trust us! We have results, and numbers, really big numbers. The best numbers ever! Oh, and analysis, absolutely top notch analysis. Interested? Come read the shocking truth about fake news and clickbait in the Bulgarian cyberspace. You won{'}t believe what we have found!",
}
@inproceedings{karadzhov-etal-2017-fully,
    title = "Fully Automated Fact Checking Using External Sources",
    author = "Karadzhov, Georgi  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Barr{\'o}n-Cede{\~n}o, Alberto  and
      Koychev, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_046",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_046",
    pages = "344--353",
    abstract = "Given the constantly growing proliferation of false claims online in recent years, there has been also a growing research interest in automatically distinguishing false rumors from factually true claims. Here, we propose a general-purpose framework for fully-automatic fact checking using external sources, tapping the potential of the entire Web as a knowledge source to confirm or reject a claim. Our framework uses a deep neural network with LSTM text encoding to combine semantic kernels with task-specific embeddings that encode a claim together with pieces of potentially relevant text fragments from the Web, taking the source reliability into account. The evaluation results show good performance on two different tasks and datasets: (i) rumor detection and (ii) fact checking of the answers to a question in community question answering forums.",
}
@inproceedings{kaushik-etal-2017-making,
    title = "Making Travel Smarter: Extracting Travel Information From Email Itineraries Using Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Kaushik, Divyansh  and
      Gupta, Shashank  and
      Raju, Chakradhar  and
      Dias, Reuben  and
      Ghosh, Sanjib",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_047",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_047",
    pages = "354--362",
    abstract = "The purpose of this research is to address the problem of extracting information from travel itineraries and discuss the challenges faced in the process. Business-to-customer emails like booking confirmations and e-tickets are usually machine generated by filling slots in pre-defined templates which improve the presentation of such emails but also make the emails more complex in structure. Extracting the relevant information from these emails would let users track their journeys and important updates on applications installed on their devices to give them a consolidated over view of their itineraries and also save valuable time. We investigate the use of an HMM-based named entity recognizer on such emails which we will use to label and extract relevant entities. NER in such emails is challenging as these itineraries offer less useful contextual information. We also propose a rich set of features which are integrated into the model and are specific to our domain. The result from our model is a list of lists containing the relevant information extracted from ones itinerary.",
}
@inproceedings{kedzia-etal-2017-graph,
    title = "Graph-Based Approach to Recognizing {CST} Relations in Polish Texts",
    author = "K{\k{e}}dzia, Pawe{\l}  and
      Piasecki, Maciej  and
      Janz, Arkadiusz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_048",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_048",
    pages = "363--371",
    abstract = "This paper presents an supervised approach to the recognition of Cross-document Structure Theory (CST) relations in Polish texts. In the proposed, graph-based representation is constructed for sentences. Graphs are built on the basis of lexicalised syntactic-semantic relation extracted from text. Similarity between sentences is calculated from graph, and the similarity values are input to classifiers trained by Logistic Model Tree. Several different configurations of graph, as well as graph similarity methods were analysed for this tasks. The approach was evaluated on a large open corpus annotated manually with 17 types of selected CST relations. The configuration of experiments was similar to those known from SEMEVAL and we obtained very promising results.",
}
@inproceedings{kobus-etal-2017-domain,
    title = "Domain Control for Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Kobus, Catherine  and
      Crego, Josep  and
      Senellart, Jean",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_049",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_049",
    pages = "372--378",
    abstract = "Machine translation systems are very sensitive to the domains they were trained on. Several domain adaptation techniques have already been deeply studied. We propose a new technique for neural machine translation (NMT) that we call domain control which is performed at runtime using a unique neural network covering multiple domains. The presented approach shows quality improvements when compared to dedicated domains translating on any of the covered domains and even on out-of-domain data. In addition, model parameters do not need to be re-estimated for each domain, making this effective to real use cases. Evaluation is carried out on English-to-French translation for two different testing scenarios. We first consider the case where an end-user performs translations on a known domain. Secondly, we consider the scenario where the domain is not known and predicted at the sentence level before translating. Results show consistent accuracy improvements for both conditions.",
}
@inproceedings{kocmi-bojar-2017-curriculum,
    title = "Curriculum Learning and Minibatch Bucketing in Neural Machine Translation",
    author = "Kocmi, Tom  and
      Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_050",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_050",
    pages = "379--386",
    abstract = "We examine the effects of particular orderings of sentence pairs on the on-line training of neural machine translation (NMT). We focus on two types of such orderings: (1) ensuring that each minibatch contains sentences similar in some aspect and (2) gradual inclusion of some sentence types as the training progresses (so called {``}curriculum learning{''}). In our English-to-Czech experiments, the internal homogeneity of minibatches has no effect on the training but some of our {``}curricula{''} achieve a small improvement over the baseline.",
}
@inproceedings{kocon-marcinczuk-2017-improved,
    title = "Improved Recognition and Normalisation of Polish Temporal Expressions",
    author = "Koco{\'n}, Jan  and
      Marci{\'n}czuk, Micha{\l}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_051",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_051",
    pages = "387--393",
    abstract = "In this article we present the result of the recent research in the recognition and normalisation of Polish temporal expressions. The temporal information extracted from the text plays major role in many information extraction systems, like question answering, event recognition or discourse analysis. We proposed a new method for the temporal expressions normalisation, called Cascade of Partial Rules. Here we describe results achieved by updated version of Liner2 machine learning system.",
}
@inproceedings{konkol-2017-joint,
    title = "Joint Unsupervised Learning of Semantic Representation of Words and Roles in Dependency Trees",
    author = "Konkol, Michal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_052",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_052",
    pages = "394--400",
    abstract = "In this paper, we introduce WoRel, a model that jointly learns word embeddings and a semantic representation of word relations. The model learns from plain text sentences and their dependency parse trees. The word embeddings produced by WoRel outperform Skip-Gram and GloVe in word similarity and syntactical word analogy tasks and have comparable results on word relatedness and semantic word analogy tasks. We show that the semantic representation of relations enables us to express the meaning of phrases and is a promising research direction for semantics at the sentence level.",
}
@inproceedings{konopik-etal-2017-czech,
    title = "{C}zech Dataset for Semantic Similarity and Relatedness",
    author = "Konop{\'\i}k, Miloslav  and
      Pra{\v{z}}{\'a}k, Ond{\v{r}}ej  and
      Steinberger, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_053",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_053",
    pages = "401--406",
    abstract = "This paper introduces a Czech dataset for semantic similarity and semantic relatedness. The dataset contains word pairs with hand annotated scores that indicate the semantic similarity and semantic relatedness of the words. The dataset contains 953 word pairs compiled from 9 different sources. It contains words and their contexts taken from real text corpora including extra examples when the words are ambiguous. The dataset is annotated by 5 independent annotators. The average Spearman correlation coefficient of the annotation agreement is $r = 0.81$. We provide reference evaluation experiments with several methods for computing semantic similarity and relatedness.",
}
@inproceedings{laali-kosseim-2017-improving,
    title = "Improving Discourse Relation Projection to Build Discourse Annotated Corpora",
    author = "Laali, Majid  and
      Kosseim, Leila",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_054",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_054",
    pages = "407--416",
    abstract = "The naive approach to annotation projection is not effective to project discourse annotations from one language to another because implicit relations are often changed to explicit ones and vice-versa in the translation. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on the intersection between statistical word-alignment models to identify unsupported discourse annotations. This approach identified 65{\%} of the unsupported annotations in the English-French parallel sentences from Europarl. By filtering out these unsupported annotations, we induced the first PDTB-style discourse annotated corpus for French from Europarl. We then used this corpus to train a classifier to identify the discourse-usage of French discourse connectives and show a 15{\%} improvement of F1-score compared to the classifier trained on the non-filtered annotations.",
}
@inproceedings{lafourcade-le-brun-2017-extracting,
    title = "Extracting semantic relations via the combination of inferences, schemas and cooccurrences",
    author = "Lafourcade, Mathieu  and
      Le Brun, Nathalie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_055",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_055",
    pages = "417--423",
    abstract = "Extracting semantic relations from texts is a good way to build and supply a knowledge base, an indispensable resource for text analysis. We propose and evaluate the combination of three ways of producing lexical-semantic relations.",
}
@inproceedings{lafourcade-etal-2017-mice,
    title = "If mice were reptiles, then reptiles could be mammals or How to detect errors in the {J}eux{D}e{M}ots lexical network?",
    author = "Lafourcade, Mathieu  and
      Joubert, Alain  and
      Le Brun, Nathalie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_056",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_056",
    pages = "424--430",
    abstract = "Correcting errors in a data set is a critical issue. This task can be either hand-made by experts, or by crowdsourcing methods, or automatically done using algorithms. Although the rate of errors present in the JeuxDeMots network is rather low, it is important to reduce it. We present here automatic methods for detecting potential secondary errors that would result from automatic inference mechanisms when they rely on an initial error manually detected. Encouraging results also invite us to consider strategies that would automatically detect {``}erroneous{''} initial relations, which could lead to the automatic detection of the majority of errors in the network.",
}
@inproceedings{lenc-kral-2017-word,
    title = "Word Embeddings for Multi-label Document Classification",
    author = "Lenc, Ladislav  and
      Kr{\'a}l, Pavel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_057",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_057",
    pages = "431--437",
    abstract = "In this paper, we analyze and evaluate word embeddings for representation of longer texts in the multi-label classification scenario. The embeddings are used in three convolutional neural network topologies. The experiments are realized on the Czech {\v{C}}TK and English Reuters-21578 standard corpora. We compare the results of word2vec static and trainable embeddings with randomly initialized word vectors. We conclude that initialization does not play an important role for classification. However, learning of word vectors is crucial to obtain good results.",
}
@inproceedings{li-dickinson-2017-gender,
    title = "Gender Prediction for {C}hinese Social Media Data",
    author = "Li, Wen  and
      Dickinson, Markus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_058",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_058",
    pages = "438--445",
    abstract = "Social media provides users a platform to publish messages and socialize with others, and microblogs have gained more users than ever in recent years. With such usage, user profiling is a popular task in computational linguistics and text mining. Different approaches have been used to predict users{'} gender, age, and other information, but most of this work has been done on English and other Western languages. The goal of this project is to predict the gender of users based on their posts on Weibo, a Chinese micro-blogging platform. Given issues in Chinese word segmentation, we explore character and word n-grams as features for this task, as well as using character and word embeddings for classification. Given how the data is extracted, we approach the task on a per-post basis, and we show the difficulties of the task for both humans and computers. Nonetheless, we present encouraging results and point to future improvements.",
}
@inproceedings{liao-xie-2017-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical Machine Translation Model with Forest-to-Tree Algorithm for Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Liao, Zhihua  and
      Xie, Yan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_059",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_059",
    pages = "446--451",
    abstract = "In this paper, we propose a novel supervised model for parsing natural language sentences into their formal semantic representations. This model treats sentence-to-lambda-logical expression conversion within the framework of the statistical machine translation with forest-to-tree algorithm. To make this work, we transform the lambda-logical expression structure into a form suitable for the mechanics of statistical machine translation and useful for modeling. We show that our model is able to yield new state-of-the-art results on both standard datasets with simple features.",
}
@inproceedings{londhe-srihari-2017-summarizing,
    title = "Summarizing World Speak : A Preliminary Graph Based Approach",
    author = "Londhe, Nikhil  and
      Srihari, Rohini",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_060",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_060",
    pages = "452--458",
    abstract = "Social media platforms play a crucial role in piecing together global news stories via their corresponding online discussions. Thus, in this work, we introduce the problem of automatically summarizing massively multilingual microblog text streams. We discuss the challenges involved in both generating summaries as well as evaluating them. We introduce a simple word graph based approach that utilizes node neighborhoods to identify keyphrases and thus in turn, pick summary candidates. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in generating precise summaries as compared to other popular techniques.",
}
@inproceedings{loukachevitch-gerasimova-2017-human,
    title = "Human Associations Help to Detect Conventionalized Multiword Expressions",
    author = "Loukachevitch, Natalia  and
      Gerasimova, Anastasia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_061",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_061",
    pages = "459--466",
    abstract = "In this paper we show that if we want to obtain human evidence about conventionalization of some phrases, we should ask native speakers about associations they have to a given phrase and its component words. We have shown that if component words of a phrase have each other as frequent associations, then this phrase can be considered as conventionalized. Another type of conventionalized phrases can be revealed using two factors: low entropy of phrase associations and low intersection of component word and phrase associations. The association experiments were performed for the Russian language.",
}
@inproceedings{malmasi-zampieri-2017-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Hate Speech in Social Media",
    author = "Malmasi, Shervin  and
      Zampieri, Marcos",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_062",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_062",
    pages = "467--472",
    abstract = "In this paper we examine methods to detect hate speech in social media, while distinguishing this from general profanity. We aim to establish lexical baselines for this task by applying supervised classification methods using a recently released dataset annotated for this purpose. As features, our system uses character n-grams, word n-grams and word skip-grams. We obtain results of 78{\%} accuracy in identifying posts across three classes. Results demonstrate that the main challenge lies in discriminating profanity and hate speech from each other. A number of directions for future work are discussed.",
}
@inproceedings{marcinczuk-etal-2017-inforex,
    title = "{I}nforex {---} a collaborative system for text corpora annotation and analysis",
    author = "Marci{\'n}czuk, Micha{\l}  and
      Oleksy, Marcin  and
      Koco{\'n}, Jan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_063",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_063",
    pages = "473--482",
    abstract = "We report a first major upgrade of Inforex {---} a web-based system for qualitative and collaborative text corpora annotation and analysis. Inforex is a part of Polish CLARIN infrastructure. It is integrated with a digital repository for storing and publishing language resources and allows to visualize, browse and annotate text corpora stored in the repository. As a result of a series of workshops for researches from humanities and social sciences fields we improved the graphical interface to make the system more friendly and readable for non-experienced users. We also implemented a new functionality for gold standard annotation which includes private annotations and annotation agreement by a super-annotator.",
}
@inproceedings{marcinczuk-2017-lemmatization,
    title = "Lemmatization of Multi-word Common Noun Phrases and Named Entities in Polish",
    author = "Marci{\'n}czuk, Micha{\l}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_064",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_064",
    pages = "483--491",
    abstract = "In the paper we present a tool for lemmatization of multi-word common noun phrases and named entities for Polish called LemmaPL. The tool is based on a set of manually crafted rules and heuristics utilizing a set of dictionaries (including morphological, named entities and inflection patterns). The accuracy of lemmatization obtained by the tool reached 97.99{\%} on a dataset with multi-word common noun phrases and 86.17{\%} for case-sensitive evaluation on a dataset with named entities.",
}
@inproceedings{mi-etal-2017-log,
    title = "Log-linear Models for {U}yghur Segmentation in Spoken Language Translation",
    author = "Mi, Chenggang  and
      Yang, Yating  and
      Dong, Rui  and
      Zhou, Xi  and
      Wang, Lei  and
      Li, Xiao  and
      Jiang, Tonghai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_065",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_065",
    pages = "492--500",
    abstract = "To alleviate data sparsity in spoken Uyghur machine translation, we proposed a log-linear based morphological segmentation approach. Instead of learning model only from monolingual annotated corpus, this approach optimizes Uyghur segmentation for spoken translation based on both bilingual and monolingual corpus. Our approach relies on several features such as traditional conditional random field (CRF) feature, bilingual word alignment feature and monolingual suffixword co-occurrence feature. Experimental results shown that our proposed segmentation model for Uyghur spoken translation achieved 1.6 BLEU score improvements compared with the state-of-the-art baseline.",
}
@inproceedings{mitrofan-2017-bootstrapping,
    title = "Bootstrapping a {R}omanian Corpus for Medical Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Mitrofan, Maria",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_066",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_066",
    pages = "501--509",
    abstract = "Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important component of natural language processing (NLP), with applicability in biomedical domain, enabling knowledge-discovery from medical texts. Due to the fact that for the Romanian language there are only a few linguistic resources specific to the biomedical domain, it was created a sub-corpus specific to this domain. In this paper we present a newly developed Romanian sub-corpus for medical-domain NER, which is a valuable asset for the field of biomedical text processing. We provide a description of the sub-corpus, informative statistics about data-composition and we evaluate an automatic NER tool on the newly created resource.",
}
@inproceedings{moreno-etal-2017-domain,
    title = "A Domain and Language Independent Named Entity Classification Approach Based on Profiles and Local Information",
    author = "Moreno, Isabel  and
      Rom{\'a}-Ferri, Mar{\'\i}a Teresa  and
      Moreda Pozo, Paloma",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_067",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_067",
    pages = "510--518",
    abstract = "This paper presents a Named Entity Classification system, which employs machine learning. Our methodology employs local entity information and profiles as feature set. All features are generated in an unsupervised manner. It is tested on two different data sets: (i) DrugSemantics Spanish corpus (Overall F1 = 74.92), whose results are in-line with the state of the art without employing external domain-specific resources. And, (ii) English CONLL2003 dataset (Overall F1 = 81.40), although our results are lower than previous work, these are reached without external knowledge or complex linguistic analysis. Last, using the same configuration for the two corpora, the difference of overall F1 is only 6.48 points (DrugSemantics = 74.92 versus CoNLL2003 = 81.40). Thus, this result supports our hypothesis that our approach is language and domain independent and does not require any external knowledge or complex linguistic analysis.",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-kubler-2017-similarity,
    title = "Similarity Based Genre Identification for {POS} Tagging Experts {\&} Dependency Parsing",
    author = {Mukherjee, Atreyee  and
      K{\"u}bler, Sandra},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_068",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_068",
    pages = "519--526",
    abstract = "POS tagging and dependency parsing achieve good results for homogeneous datasets. However, these tasks are much more difficult on heterogeneous datasets. In (Mukherjee et al. 2016, 2017), we address this issue by creating genre experts for both POS tagging and parsing. We use topic modeling to automatically separate training and test data into genres and to create annotation experts per genre by training separate models for each topic. However, this approach assumes that topic modeling is performed jointly on training and test sentences each time a new test sentence is encountered. We extend this work by assigning new test sentences to their genre expert by using similarity metrics. We investigate three different types of methods: 1) based on words highly associated with a genre by the topic modeler, 2) using a k-nearest neighbor classification approach, and 3) using perplexity to determine the closest topic. The results show that the choice of similarity metric has an effect on results and that we can reach comparable accuracies to the joint topic modeling in POS tagging and dependency parsing, thus providing a viable and efficient approach to POS tagging and parsing a sentence by its genre expert.",
}
@inproceedings{naderi-hirst-2017-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing Reputation Defence Strategies in Critical Political Exchanges",
    author = "Naderi, Nona  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_069",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_069",
    pages = "527--535",
    abstract = "We propose a new task of automatically detecting reputation defence strategies in the field of computational argumentation. We cast the problem as relation classification, where given a pair of reputation threat and reputation defence, we determine the reputation defence strategy. We annotate a dataset of parliamentary questions and answers with reputation defence strategies. We then propose a model based on supervised learning to address the detection of these strategies, and report promising experimental results.",
}
@inproceedings{naderi-hirst-2017-classifying,
    title = "Classifying Frames at the Sentence Level in News Articles",
    author = "Naderi, Nona  and
      Hirst, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_070",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_070",
    pages = "536--542",
    abstract = "Previous approaches to generic frame classification analyze frames at the document level. Here, we propose a supervised based approach based on deep neural networks and distributional representations for classifying frames at the sentence level in news articles. We conduct our experiments on the publicly available Media Frames Corpus compiled from the U.S. Newspapers. Using (B)LSTMs and GRU networks to represent the meaning of frames, we demonstrate that our approach yields at least 14-point improvement over several baseline methods.",
}
@inproceedings{nakov-vogel-2017-robust,
    title = "Robust Tuning Datasets for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Nakov, Preslav  and
      Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_071",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_071",
    pages = "543--550",
    abstract = "We explore the idea of automatically crafting a tuning dataset for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) that makes the hyper-parameters of the SMT system more robust with respect to some specific deficiencies of the parameter tuning algorithms. This is an under-explored research direction, which can allow better parameter tuning. In this paper, we achieve this goal by selecting a subset of the available sentence pairs, which are more suitable for specific combinations of optimizers, objective functions, and evaluation measures. We demonstrate the potential of the idea with the pairwise ranking optimization (PRO) optimizer, which is known to yield too short translations. We show that the learning problem can be alleviated by tuning on a subset of the development set, selected based on sentence length. In particular, using the longest 50{\%} of the tuning sentences, we achieve two-fold tuning speedup, and improvements in BLEU score that rival those of alternatives, which fix BLEU+1{'}s smoothing instead.",
}
@inproceedings{nakov-etal-2017-trust,
    title = "Do Not Trust the Trolls: Predicting Credibility in Community Question Answering Forums",
    author = "Nakov, Preslav  and
      Mihaylova, Tsvetomila  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Shiroya, Yashkumar  and
      Koychev, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_072",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_072",
    pages = "551--560",
    abstract = "We address information credibility in community forums, in a setting in which the credibility of an answer posted in a question thread by a particular user has to be predicted. First, we motivate the problem and we create a publicly available annotated English corpus by crowdsourcing. Second, we propose a large set of features to predict the credibility of the answers. The features model the user, the answer, the question, the thread as a whole, and the interaction between them. Our experiments with ranking SVMs show that the credibility labels can be predicted with high performance according to several standard IR ranking metrics, thus supporting the potential usage of this layer of credibility information in practical applications. The features modeling the profile of the user (in particular trollness) turn out to be most important, but embedding features modeling the answer and the similarity between the question and the answer are also very relevant. Overall, half of the gap between the baseline performance and the perfect classifier can be covered using the proposed features.",
}
@inproceedings{osenova-simov-2017-bulgarian,
    title = "{B}ulgarian-{E}nglish and {E}nglish-{B}ulgarian Machine Translation: System Design and Evaluation",
    author = "Osenova, Petya  and
      Simov, Kiril",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_073",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_073",
    pages = "561--568",
    abstract = "The paper presents a deep factored machine translation (MT) system between English and Bulgarian languages in both directions. The MT system is hybrid. It consists of three main steps: (1) the source-language text is linguistically annotated, (2) it is translated to the target language with the Moses system, and (3) translation is post-processed with the help of the transferred linguistic annotation from the source text. Besides automatic evaluation we performed manual evaluation over a domain test suite of sentences demonstrating certain phenomena like imperatives, questions, etc.",
}
@inproceedings{paul-das-2017-identification,
    title = "Identification of Character Adjectives from {M}ahabharata",
    author = "Paul, Apurba  and
      Das, Dipankar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_074",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_074",
    pages = "569--576",
    abstract = "The present paper describes the identification of prominent characters and their adjectives from Indian mythological epic, Mahabharata, written in English texts. However, in contrast to the tra-ditional approaches of named entity identifica-tion, the present system extracts hidden attributes associated with each of the characters (e.g., character adjectives). We observed distinct phrase level linguistic patterns that hint the pres-ence of characters in different text spans. Such six patterns were used in order to extract the cha-racters. On the other hand, a distinguishing set of novel features (e.g., multi-word expression, nodes and paths of parse tree, immediate ancestors etc.) was employed. Further, the correlation of the features is also measured in order to identify the important features. Finally, we applied various machine learning algorithms (e.g., Naive Bayes, KNN, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest etc.) along with deep learning to classify the patterns as characters or non-characters in order to achieve decent accuracy. Evaluation shows that phrase level linguistic patterns as well as the adopted features are highly active in capturing characters and their adjectives.",
}
@inproceedings{perez-estruch-etal-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning Multimodal Gender Profile using Neural Networks",
    author = "P{\'e}rez Estruch, Carlos  and
      Paredes Palacios, Roberto  and
      Rosso, Paolo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_075",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_075",
    pages = "577--582",
    abstract = "Gender identification in social networks is one of the most popular aspects of user profile learning. Traditionally it has been linked to author profiling, a difficult problem to solve because of the little difference in the use of language between genders. This situation has led to the need of taking into account other information apart from textual data, favoring the emergence of multimodal data. The aim of this paper is to apply neural networks to perform data fusion, using an existing multimodal corpus, the NUS-MSS data set, that (not only) contains text data, but also image and location information. We improved previous results in terms of macro accuracy (87.8{\%}) obtaining the state-of-the-art performance of 91.3{\%}.",
}
@inproceedings{piasecki-etal-2017-recognition,
    title = "Recognition of Genuine Polish Suicide Notes",
    author = "Piasecki, Maciej  and
      M{\l}ynarczyk, Ksenia  and
      Koco{\'n}, Jan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_076",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_076",
    pages = "583--591",
    abstract = "In this article we present the result of the recent research in the recognition of genuine Polish suicide notes (SNs). We provide useful method to distinguish between SNs and other types of discourse, including counterfeited SNs. The method uses a wide range of word-based and semantic features and it was evaluated using Polish Corpus of Suicide Notes, which contains 1244 genuine SNs, expanded with manually prepared set of 334 counterfeited SNs and 2200 letter-like texts from the Internet. We utilized the algorithm to create the class-related sense dictionaries to improve the result of SNs classification. The obtained results show that there are fundamental differences between genuine SNs and counterfeited SNs. The applied method of the sense dictionary construction appeared to be the best way of improving the model.",
}
@inproceedings{prazak-konopik-2017-cross,
    title = "Cross-Lingual {SRL} Based upon Universal Dependencies",
    author = "Pra{\v{z}}{\'a}k, Ond{\v{r}}ej  and
      Konop{\'\i}k, Miloslav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_077",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_077",
    pages = "592--600",
    abstract = "In this paper, we introduce a cross-lingual Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) system with language independent features based upon Universal Dependencies. We propose two methods to convert SRL annotations from monolingual dependency trees into universal dependency trees. Our SRL system is based upon cross-lingual features derived from universal dependency trees and a supervised learning that utilizes a maximum entropy classifier. We design experiments to verify whether the Universal Dependencies are suitable for the cross-lingual SRL. The results are very promising and they open new interesting research paths for the future.",
}
@inproceedings{rohanian-etal-2017-using,
    title = "Using Gaze Data to Predict Multiword Expressions",
    author = "Rohanian, Omid  and
      Taslimipoor, Shiva  and
      Yaneva, Victoria  and
      Ha, Le An",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_078",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_078",
    pages = "601--609",
    abstract = "In recent years gaze data has been increasingly used to improve and evaluate NLP models due to the fact that it carries information about the cognitive processing of linguistic phenomena. In this paper we conduct a preliminary study towards the automatic identification of multiword expressions based on gaze features from native and non-native speakers of English. We report comparisons between a part-of-speech (POS) and frequency baseline to: i) a prediction model based solely on gaze data and ii) a combined model of gaze data, POS and frequency. In spite of the challenging nature of the task, best performance was achieved by the latter. Furthermore, we explore how the type of gaze data (from native versus non-native speakers) affects the prediction, showing that data from the two groups is discriminative to an equal degree for the task. Finally, we show that late processing measures are more predictive than early ones, which is in line with previous research on idioms and other formulaic structures.",
}
@inproceedings{ruckle-gurevych-2017-real,
    title = "Real-Time News Summarization with Adaptation to Media Attention",
    author = {R{\"u}ckl{\'e}, Andreas  and
      Gurevych, Iryna},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_079",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_079",
    pages = "610--617",
    abstract = "Real-time summarization of news events (RTS) allows persons to stay up-to-date on important topics that develop over time. With the occurrence of major sub-events, media attention increases and a large number of news articles are published. We propose a summarization approach that detects such changes and selects a suitable summarization configuration at run-time. In particular, at times with high media attention, our approach exploits the redundancy in content to produce a more precise summary and avoid emitting redundant information. We find that our approach significantly outperforms a strong non-adaptive RTS baseline in terms of the emitted summary updates and achieves the best results on a recent web-scale dataset. It can successfully be applied to a different real-world dataset without requiring additional modifications.",
}
@inproceedings{rudrapal-das-2017-measuring,
    title = "Measuring the Limit of Semantic Divergence for {E}nglish Tweets.",
    author = "Rudrapal, Dwijen  and
      Das, Amitava",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_080",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_080",
    pages = "618--624",
    abstract = "In human language, an expression could be conveyed in many ways by different people. Even that the same person may express same sentence quite differently when addressing different audiences, using different modalities, or using different syntactic variations or may use different set of vocabulary. The possibility of such endless surface form of text while the meaning of the text remains almost same, poses many challenges for Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems like question-answering system, machine translation system and text summarization. This research paper is an endeavor to understand the characteristic of such endless semantic divergence. In this research work we develop a corpus of 1525 semantic divergent sentences for 200 English tweets.",
}
@inproceedings{ruppenhofer-etal-2017-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating the morphological compositionality of polarity",
    author = "Ruppenhofer, Josef  and
      Steiner, Petra  and
      Wiegand, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_081",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_081",
    pages = "625--633",
    abstract = "Unknown words are a challenge for any NLP task, including sentiment analysis. Here, we evaluate the extent to which sentiment polarity of complex words can be predicted based on their morphological make-up. We do this on German as it has very productive processes of derivation and compounding and many German hapax words, which are likely to bear sentiment, are morphologically complex. We present results of supervised classification experiments on new datasets with morphological parses and polarity annotations.",
}
@inproceedings{rysova-etal-2017-introducing,
    title = "Introducing {EVALD} {--} Software Applications for Automatic Evaluation of Discourse in {C}zech",
    author = "Rysov{\'a}, Kate{\v{r}}ina  and
      Rysov{\'a}, Magdal{\'e}na  and
      M{\'\i}rovsk{\'y}, Ji{\v{r}}{\'\i}  and
      Nov{\'a}k, Michal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_082",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_082",
    pages = "634--641",
    abstract = "In the paper, we introduce two software applications for automatic evaluation of coherence in Czech texts called EVALD {--} Evaluator of Discourse. The first one {--} EVALD 1.0 {--} evaluates texts written by native speakers of Czech on a five-step scale commonly used at Czech schools (grade 1 is the best, grade 5 is the worst). The second application is EVALD 1.0 for Foreigners assessing texts by non-native speakers of Czech using six-step scale (A1{--}C2) according to CEFR. Both appli-cations are available online at \url{https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/services/evald-foreign/}.",
}
@inproceedings{salton-etal-2017-idiom,
    title = "Idiom Type Identification with Smoothed Lexical Features and a Maximum Margin Classifier",
    author = "Salton, Giancarlo  and
      Ross, Robert  and
      Kelleher, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_083",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_083",
    pages = "642--651",
    abstract = "In our work we address limitations in the state-of-the-art in idiom type identification. We investigate different approaches for a lexical fixedness metric, a component of the state-of the-art model. We also show that our Machine Learning based approach to the idiom type identification task achieves an F1-score of 0.85, an improvement of 11 points over the state-of the-art.",
}
@inproceedings{satthar-etal-2017-calibration,
    title = "A Calibration Method for Evaluation of Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Satthar, F.Sharmila  and
      Evans, Roger  and
      Uchyigit, Gulden",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_084",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_084",
    pages = "652--660",
    abstract = "Sentiment analysis is the computational task of extracting sentiment from a text document {--} for example whether it expresses a positive, negative or neutral opinion. Various approaches have been introduced in recent years, using a range of different techniques to extract sentiment information from a document. Measuring these methods against a gold standard dataset is a useful way to evaluate such systems. However, different sentiment analysis techniques represent sentiment values in different ways, such as discrete categorical classes or continuous numerical sentiment scores. This creates a challenge for evaluating and comparing such systems; in particular assessing numerical scores against datasets that use fixed classes is difficult, because the numerical outputs have to be mapped onto the ordered classes. This paper proposes a novel calibration technique that uses precision vs. recall curves to set class thresholds to optimize a continuous sentiment analyser{'}s performance against a discrete gold standard dataset. In experiments mapping a continuous score onto a three-class classification of movie reviews, we show that calibration results in a substantial increase in f-score when compared to a non-calibrated mapping.",
}
@inproceedings{semmar-laib-2017-building,
    title = "Building Multiword Expressions Bilingual Lexicons for Domain Adaptation of an Example-Based Machine Translation System",
    author = "Semmar, Nasredine  and
      Laib, Mariama",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_085",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_085",
    pages = "661--670",
    abstract = "We describe in this paper a hybrid ap-proach to build automatically bilingual lexicons of Multiword Expressions (MWEs) from parallel corpora. We more specifically investigate the impact of using a domain-specific bilingual lexicon of MWEs on domain adaptation of an Example-Based Machine Translation (EBMT) system. We conducted experiments on the English-French language pair and two kinds of texts: in-domain texts from Europarl (European Parliament proceedings) and out-of-domain texts from Emea (European Medicines Agency documents) and Ecb (European Central Bank corpus). The obtained results indicate that integrating domain-specific bilingual lexicons of MWEs improves translation quality of the EBMT system when texts to translate are related to the specific domain and induces a relatively slight deterioration of translation quality when translating general-purpose texts.",
}
@inproceedings{simaki-etal-2017-identifying,
    title = "Identifying the Authors{'} National Variety of {E}nglish in Social Media Texts",
    author = "Simaki, Vasiliki  and
      Simakis, Panagiotis  and
      Paradis, Carita  and
      Kerren, Andreas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_086",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_086",
    pages = "671--678",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present a study for the identification of authors{'} national variety of English in texts from social media. In data from Facebook and Twitter, information about the author{'}s social profile is annotated, and the national English variety (US, UK, AUS, CAN, NNS) that each author uses is attributed. We tested four feature types: formal linguistic features, POS features, lexicon-based features related to the different varieties, and data-based features from each English variety. We used various machine learning algorithms for the classification experiments, and we implemented a feature selection process. The classification accuracy achieved, when the 31 highest ranked features were used, was up to 77.32{\%}. The experimental results are evaluated, and the efficacy of the ranked features discussed.",
}
@inproceedings{simov-etal-2017-towards,
    title = "Towards Lexical Chains for Knowledge-Graph-based Word Embeddings",
    author = "Simov, Kiril  and
      Boytcheva, Svetla  and
      Osenova, Petya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_087",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_087",
    pages = "679--685",
    abstract = "Word vectors with varying dimensionalities and produced by different algorithms have been extensively used in NLP. The corpora that the algorithms are trained on can contain either natural language text (e.g. Wikipedia or newswire articles) or artificially-generated pseudo corpora due to natural data sparseness. We exploit Lexical Chain based templates over Knowledge Graph for generating pseudo-corpora with controlled linguistic value. These corpora are then used for learning word embeddings. A number of experiments have been conducted over the following test sets: WordSim353 Similarity, WordSim353 Relatedness and SimLex-999. The results show that, on the one hand, the incorporation of many-relation lexical chains improves results, but on the other hand, unrestricted-length chains remain difficult to handle with respect to their huge quantity.",
}
@inproceedings{simova-uszkoreit-2017-word,
    title = "Word Embeddings as Features for Supervised Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Simova, Iliana  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_088",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_088",
    pages = "686--693",
    abstract = "A common reason for errors in coreference resolution is the lack of semantic information to help determine the compatibility between mentions referring to the same entity. Distributed representations, which have been shown successful in encoding relatedness between words, could potentially be a good source of such knowledge. Moreover, being obtained in an unsupervised manner, they could help address data sparsity issues in labeled training data at a small cost. In this work we investigate whether and to what extend features derived from word embeddings can be successfully used for supervised coreference resolution. We experiment with several word embedding models, and several different types of embeddingbased features, including embedding cluster and cosine similarity-based features. Our evaluations show improvements in the performance of a supervised state-of-theart coreference system.",
}
@inproceedings{steinberger-etal-2017-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Flames Detection in News Discussions",
    author = "Steinberger, Josef  and
      Brychc{\'\i}n, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}}  and
      Hercig, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}}  and
      Krejzl, Peter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_089",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_089",
    pages = "694--700",
    abstract = "We introduce Flames Detector, an online system for measuring flames, i.e. strong negative feelings or emotions, insults or other verbal offences, in news commentaries across five languages. It is designed to assist journalists, public institutions or discussion moderators to detect news topics which evoke wrangles. We propose a machine learning approach to flames detection and calculate an aggregated score for a set of comment threads. The demo application shows the most flaming topics of the current period in several language variants. The search functionality gives a possibility to measure flames in any topic specified by a query. The evaluation shows that the flame detection in discussions is a difficult task, however, the application can already reveal interesting information about the actual news discussions.",
}
@inproceedings{steinberger-etal-2017-pyramid,
    title = "Pyramid-based Summary Evaluation Using Abstract Meaning Representation",
    author = "Steinberger, Josef  and
      Krejzl, Peter  and
      Brychc{\'\i}n, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_090",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_090",
    pages = "701--706",
    abstract = "We propose a novel metric for evaluating summary content coverage. The evaluation framework follows the Pyramid approach to measure how many summarization content units, considered important by human annotators, are contained in an automatic summary. Our approach automatizes the evaluation process, which does not need any manual intervention on the evaluated summary side. Our approach compares abstract meaning representations of each content unit mention and each summary sentence. We found that the proposed metric complements well the widely-used ROUGE metrics.",
}
@inproceedings{steinberger-etal-2017-large,
    title = "Large-scale news entity sentiment analysis",
    author = "Steinberger, Ralf  and
      Hegele, Stefanie  and
      Tanev, Hristo  and
      Della Rocca, Leonida",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_091",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_091",
    pages = "707--715",
    abstract = "We work on detecting positive or negative sentiment towards named entities in very large volumes of news articles. The aim is to monitor changes over time, as well as to work towards media bias detection by com-paring differences across news sources and countries. With view to applying the same method to dozens of languages, we use lin-guistically light-weight methods: searching for positive and negative terms in bags of words around entity mentions (also consid-ering negation). Evaluation results are good and better than a third-party baseline sys-tem, but precision is not sufficiently high to display the results publicly in our multilin-gual news analysis system Europe Media Monitor (EMM). In this paper, we focus on describing our effort to improve the English language results by avoiding the biggest sources of errors. We also present new work on using a syntactic parser to identify safe opinion recognition rules, such as predica-tive structures in which sentiment words di-rectly refer to an entity. The precision of this method is good, but recall is very low.",
}
@inproceedings{sulea-etal-2017-predicting,
    title = "Predicting the Law Area and Decisions of {F}rench Supreme Court Cases",
    author = "{\c{S}}ulea, Octavia-Maria  and
      Zampieri, Marcos  and
      Vela, Mihaela  and
      van Genabith, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_092",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_092",
    pages = "716--722",
    abstract = "In this paper, we investigate the application of text classification methods to predict the law area and the decision of cases judged by the French Supreme Court. We also investigate the influence of the time period in which a ruling was made over the textual form of the case description and the extent to which it is necessary to mask the judge{'}s motivation for a ruling to emulate a real-world test scenario. We report results of 96{\%} f1 score in predicting a case ruling, 90{\%} f1 score in predicting the law area of a case, and 75.9{\%} f1 score in estimating the time span when a ruling has been issued using a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier trained on lexical features.",
}
@inproceedings{sumalvico-2017-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Learning of Morphology with Graph Sampling",
    author = "Sumalvico, Maciej",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_093",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_093",
    pages = "723--732",
    abstract = "We introduce a language-independent, graph-based probabilistic model of morphology, which uses transformation rules operating on whole words instead of the traditional morphological segmentation. The morphological analysis of a set of words is expressed through a graph having words as vertices and structural relationships between words as edges. We define a probability distribution over such graphs and develop a sampler based on the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The sampling is applied in order to determine the strength of morphological relationships between words, filter out accidental similarities and reduce the set of rules necessary to explain the data. The model is evaluated on the task of finding pairs of morphologically similar words, as well as generating new words. The results are compared to a state-of-the-art segmentation-based approach.",
}
@inproceedings{sweeney-padmanabhan-2017-multi,
    title = "Multi-entity sentiment analysis using entity-level feature extraction and word embeddings approach",
    author = "Sweeney, Colm  and
      Padmanabhan, Deepak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_094",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_094",
    pages = "733--740",
    abstract = "The sentiment analysis task has been traditionally divided into lexicon or machine learning approaches, but recently the use of word embeddings methods have emerged, that provide powerful algorithms to allow semantic understanding without the task of creating large amounts of annotated test data. One problem with this type of binary classification, is that the sentiment output will be in the form of {`}1{'} (positive) or {`}0{'} (negative) for the string of text in the tweet, regardless if there are one or more entities referred to in the text. This paper plans to enhance the word embeddings approach with the deployment of a sentiment lexicon-based technique to appoint a total score that indicates the polarity of opinion in relation to a particular entity or entities. This type of sentiment classification is a way of associating a given entity with the adjectives, adverbs, and verbs describing it, and extracting the associated sentiment to try and infer if the text is positive or negative in relation to the entity or entities.",
}
@inproceedings{tahmasebi-risse-2017-finding,
    title = "Finding Individual Word Sense Changes and their Delay in Appearance",
    author = "Tahmasebi, Nina  and
      Risse, Thomas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_095",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_095",
    pages = "741--749",
    abstract = "We present a method for detecting word sense changes by utilizing automatically induced word senses. Our method works on the level of individual senses and allows a word to have e.g. one stable sense and then add a novel sense that later experiences change. Senses are grouped based on polysemy to find linguistic concepts and we can find broadening and narrowing as well as novel (polysemous and homonymic) senses. We evaluate on a testset, present recall and estimates of the time between expected and found change.",
}
@inproceedings{thomas-etal-2017-streaming,
    title = "Streaming Text Analytics for Real-Time Event Recognition",
    author = "Thomas, Philippe  and
      Kirschnick, Johannes  and
      Hennig, Leonhard  and
      Ai, Renlong  and
      Schmeier, Sven  and
      Hemsen, Holmer  and
      Xu, Feiyu  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_096",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_096",
    pages = "750--757",
    abstract = "A huge body of continuously growing written knowledge is available on the web in the form of social media posts, RSS feeds, and news articles. Real-time information extraction from such high velocity, high volume text streams requires scalable, distributed natural language processing pipelines. We introduce such a system for fine-grained event recognition within the big data framework Flink, and demonstrate its capabilities for extracting and geo-locating mobility- and industry-related events from heterogeneous text sources. Performance analyses conducted on several large datasets show that our system achieves high throughput and maintains low latency, which is crucial when events need to be detected and acted upon in real-time. We also present promising experimental results for the event extraction component of our system, which recognizes a novel set of event types. The demo system is available at \url{http://dfki.de/sd4m-sta-demo/}.",
}
@inproceedings{tokunaga-etal-2017-eye,
    title = "An Eye-tracking Study of Named Entity Annotation",
    author = "Tokunaga, Takenobu  and
      Nishikawa, Hitoshi  and
      Iwakura, Tomoya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_097",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_097",
    pages = "758--764",
    abstract = "Utilising effective features in machine learning-based natural language processing (NLP) is crucial in achieving good performance for a given NLP task. The paper describes a pilot study on the analysis of eye-tracking data during named entity (NE) annotation, aiming at obtaining insights into effective features for the NE recognition task. The eye gaze data were collected from 10 annotators and analysed regarding working time and fixation distribution. The results of the preliminary qualitative analysis showed that human annotators tend to look at broader contexts around the target NE than recent state-of-the-art automatic NE recognition systems and to use predicate argument relations to identify the NE categories.",
}
@inproceedings{tsekouras-etal-2017-graph,
    title = "A Graph-based Text Similarity Measure That Employs Named Entity Information",
    author = "Tsekouras, Leonidas  and
      Varlamis, Iraklis  and
      Giannakopoulos, George",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_098",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_098",
    pages = "765--771",
    abstract = "Text comparison is an interesting though hard task, with many applications in Natural Language Processing. This work introduces a new text-similarity measure, which employs named-entities{'} information extracted from the texts and the n-gram graphs{'} model for representing documents. Using OpenCalais as a named-entity recognition service and the JINSECT toolkit for constructing and managing n-gram graphs, the text similarity measure is embedded in a text clustering algorithm (k-Means). The evaluation of the produced clusters with various clustering validity metrics shows that the extraction of named entities at a first step can be profitable for the time-performance of similarity measures that are based on the n-gram graph representation without affecting the overall performance of the NLP task.",
}
@inproceedings{wawer-mykowiecka-2017-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Metaphorical Phrases in the Polish Language",
    author = "Wawer, Aleksander  and
      Mykowiecka, Agnieszka",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_099",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_099",
    pages = "772--777",
    abstract = "In this paper we describe experiments with automated detection of metaphors in the Polish language. We focus our analysis on noun phrases composed of an adjective and a noun, and distinguish three types of expressions: with literal sense, with metaphorical sense, and expressions both literal and methaphorical (context-dependent). We propose a method of automatically recognizing expression type using word embeddings and neural networks. We evaluate multiple neural network architectures and demonstrate that the method significantly outperforms strong baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{weegar-etal-2017-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Encoding of Pathology Reports Using Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Weegar, Rebecka  and
      Nyg{\aa}rd, Jan F  and
      Dalianis, Hercules",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_100",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_100",
    pages = "778--783",
    abstract = "In this article we present a system that extracts information from pathology reports. The reports are written in Norwegian and contain free text describing prostate biopsies. Currently, these reports are manually coded for research and statistical purposes by trained experts at the Cancer Registry of Norway where the coders extract values for a set of predefined fields that are specific for prostate cancer. The presented system is rule based and achieves an average F-score of 0.91 for the fields Gleason grade, Gleason score, the number of biopsies that contain tumor tissue, and the orientation of the biopsies. The system also identifies reports that contain ambiguity or other content that should be reviewed by an expert. The system shows potential to encode the reports considerably faster, with less resources, and similar high quality to the manual encoding.",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2017-neural,
    title = "Neural Reranking for Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Yang, Jie  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Dong, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_101",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_101",
    pages = "784--792",
    abstract = "We propose a neural reranking system for named entity recognition (NER), leverages recurrent neural network models to learn sentence-level patterns that involve named entity mentions. In particular, given an output sentence produced by a baseline NER model, we replace all entity mentions, such as \textit{Barack Obama}, into their entity types, such as \textit{PER}. The resulting sentencepatterns contain direct output information, yet is less sparse without specificnamed entities. For example, {``}PER was born in LOC{''} can be such a pattern.LSTM and CNN structures are utilised for learning deep representations of suchsentences for reranking. Results show that our system can significantly improvethe NER accuracies over two different baselines, giving the best reportedresults on a standard benchmark.",
}
@inproceedings{yao-etal-2017-online,
    title = "Online Deception Detection Refueled by Real World Data Collection",
    author = "Yao, Wenlin  and
      Dai, Zeyu  and
      Huang, Ruihong  and
      Caverlee, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_102",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_102",
    pages = "793--802",
    abstract = "The lack of large realistic datasets presents a bottleneck in online deception detection studies. In this paper, we apply a data collection method based on social network analysis to quickly identify high quality deceptive and truthful online reviews1 from Amazon. The dataset contains more than 10,000 deceptive reviews and is diverse in product domains and reviewers. Using this dataset, we explore effective general features for online deception detection that perform well across domains. We demonstrate that with generalized features {--} advertising speak and writing complexity scores {--} deception detection performance can be further improved by adding additional deceptive reviews from assorted domains in training. Finally, reviewer level evaluation gives an interesting insight into different deceptive reviewers{'} writing styles.",
}
@inproceedings{yao-etal-2017-weakly,
    title = "A Weakly Supervised Approach to Train Temporal Relation Classifiers and Acquire Regular Event Pairs Simultaneously",
    author = "Yao, Wenlin  and
      Nettyam, Saipravallika  and
      Huang, Ruihong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_103",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_103",
    pages = "803--812",
    abstract = "Capabilities of detecting temporal and causal relations between two events can benefit many applications. Most of existing temporal relation classifiers were trained in a supervised manner. Instead, we explore the observation that regular event pairs show a consistent temporal relation despite of their various contexts and these rich contexts can be used to train a contextual temporal relation classifier, which can further recognize new temporal relation contexts and identify new regular event pairs. We focus on detecting after and before temporal relations and design a weakly supervised learning approach that extracts thousands of regular event pairs and learns a contextual temporal relation classifier simultaneously. Evaluation shows that the acquired regular event pairs are of high quality and contain rich commonsense knowledge and domain specific knowledge. In addition, the weakly supervised trained temporal relation classifier achieves comparable performance with the state-of-the-art supervised systems.",
}
@inproceedings{yimam-etal-2017-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Complex Word Identification",
    author = "Yimam, Seid Muhie  and
      {\v{S}}tajner, Sanja  and
      Riedl, Martin  and
      Biemann, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_104",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_104",
    pages = "813--822",
    abstract = "Complex Word Identification (CWI) is an important task in lexical simplification and text accessibility. Due to the lack of CWI datasets, previous works largely depend on Simple English Wikipedia and edit histories for obtaining {`}gold standard{'} annotations, which are of doubtable quality, and limited only to English. We collect complex words/phrases (CP) for English, German and Spanish, annotated by both native and non-native speakers, and propose language independent features that can be used to train multilingual and cross-lingual CWI models. We show that the performance of cross-lingual CWI systems (using a model trained on one language and applying it on the other languages) is comparable to the performance of monolingual CWI systems.",
}
@inproceedings{yordanova-2017-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Generation of Situation Models for Plan Recognition Problems",
    author = "Yordanova, Kristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_105",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_105",
    pages = "823--830",
    abstract = "Recent attempts at behaviour understanding through language grounding have shown that it is possible to automatically generate models for planning problems from textual instructions. One drawback of these approaches is that they either do not make use of the semantic structure behind the model elements identified in the text, or they manually incorporate a collection of concepts with semantic relationships between them. We call this collection of knowledge situation model. The situation model introduces additional context information to the model. It could also potentially reduce the complexity of the planning problem compared to models that do not use situation models. To address this problem, we propose an approach that automatically generates the situation model from textual instructions. The approach is able to identify various hierarchical, spatial, directional, and causal relations. We use the situation model to automatically generate planning problems in a PDDL notation and we show that the situation model reduces the complexity of the PDDL model in terms of number of operators and branching factor compared to planning models that do not make use of situation models.",
}
@inproceedings{yordanova-2017-simple,
    title = "A Simple Model for Improving the Performance of the {S}tanford Parser for Action Detection in Textual Instructions",
    author = "Yordanova, Kristina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_106",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_106",
    pages = "831--838",
    abstract = "Different approaches for behaviour understanding rely on textual instructions to generate models of human behaviour. These approaches usually use state of the art parsers to obtain the part of speech (POS) meaning and dependencies of the words in the instructions. For them it is essential that the parser is able to correctly annotate the instructions and especially the verbs as they describe the actions of the person. State of the art parsers usually make errors when annotating textual instructions, as they have short sentence structure often in imperative form. The inability of the parser to identify the verbs results in the inability of behaviour understanding systems to identify the relevant actions. To address this problem, we propose a simple rule-based model that attempts to correct any incorrectly annotated verbs. We argue that the model is able to significantly improve the parser{'}s performance without the need of additional training data. We evaluate our approach by extracting the actions from 61 textual instructions annotated only with the Stanford parser and once again after applying our model. The results show a significant improvement in the recognition rate when applying the rules (75{\%} accuracy compared to 68{\%} without the rules, p-value {\textless} 0.001).",
}
@inproceedings{zilio-etal-2017-using,
    title = "Using {NLP} for Enhancing Second Language Acquisition",
    author = "Zilio, Leonardo  and
      Wilkens, Rodrigo  and
      Fairon, C{\'e}drick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_107",
    doi = "10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_107",
    pages = "839--846",
    abstract = "This study presents SMILLE, a system that draws on the Noticing Hypothesis and on input enhancements, addressing the lack of salience of grammatical infor mation in online documents chosen by a given user. By means of input enhancements, the system can draw the user{'}s attention to grammar, which could possibly lead to a higher intake per input ratio for metalinguistic information. The system receives as input an online document and submits it to a combined processing of parser and hand-written rules for detecting its grammatical structures. The input text can be freely chosen by the user, providing a more engaging experience and reflecting the user{'}s interests. The system can enhance a total of 107 fine-grained types of grammatical structures that are based on the CEFR. An evaluation of some of those structures resulted in an overall precision of 87{\%}.",
}
@proceedings{ranlp-2017-student,
    title = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop Associated with {RANLP} 2017",
    author = "Kovatchev, Venelin  and
      Temnikova, Irina  and
      Gencheva, Pepa  and
      Kiprov, Yasen  and
      Nikolova, Ivelina",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    doi = "10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_",
}
@inproceedings{clairet-2017-dish,
    title = "Dish Classification using Knowledge based Dietary Conflict Detection",
    author = "Clairet, Nadia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop Associated with {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_001",
    doi = "10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_001",
    pages = "1--9",
    abstract = "The present paper considers the problem of dietary conflict detection from dish titles. The proposed method explores the semantics associated with the dish title in order to discover a certain or possible incompatibility of a particular dish with a particular diet. Dish titles are parts of the elusive and metaphoric gastronomy language, their processing can be viewed as a combination of short text and domain-specific texts analysis. We build our algorithm on the basis of a common knowledge lexical semantic network and show how such network can be used for domain specific short text processing.",
}
@inproceedings{daudert-2017-analysing,
    title = "Analysing Market Sentiments: Utilising Deep Learning to Exploit Relationships within the Economy",
    author = "Daudert, Tobias",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop Associated with {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_002",
    doi = "10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_002",
    pages = "10--16",
    abstract = "In today{'}s world, globalisation is not only affecting inter-culturalism but also linking markets across the globe. Given that all markets are affecting each other and are not only driven by fundamental data but also by sentiments, sentiment analysis regarding the markets becomes a tool to predict, anticipate, and milden future economic crises such as the one we faced in 2008. In this paper, an approach to improve sentiment analysis by exploiting relationships among different kinds of sentiment, together with supplementary information, from and across various data sources is proposed.",
}
@inproceedings{jwalapuram-2017-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Dialogs based on Grice{'}s Maxims",
    author = "Jwalapuram, Prathyusha",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop Associated with {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_003",
    doi = "10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_003",
    pages = "17--24",
    abstract = "There is no agreed upon standard for the evaluation of conversational dialog systems, which are well-known to be hard to evaluate due to the difficulty in pinning down metrics that will correspond to human judgements and the subjective nature of human judgment itself. We explored the possibility of using Grice{'}s Maxims to evaluate effective communication in conversation. We collected some system generated dialogs from popular conversational chatbots across the spectrum and conducted a survey to see how the human judgements based on Gricean maxims correlate, and if such human judgments can be used as an effective evaluation metric for conversational dialog.",
}
@inproceedings{popov-2017-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation with Recurrent Neural Networks",
    author = "Popov, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop Associated with {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_004",
    doi = "10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_004",
    pages = "25--34",
    abstract = "This paper presents a neural network architecture for word sense disambiguation (WSD). The architecture employs recurrent neural layers and more specifically LSTM cells, in order to capture information about word order and to easily incorporate distributed word representations (embeddings) as features, without having to use a fixed window of text. The paper demonstrates that the architecture is able to compete with the most successful supervised systems for WSD and that there is an abundance of possible improvements to take it to the current state of the art. In addition, it explores briefly the potential of combining different types of embeddings as input features; it also discusses possible ways for generating {``}artificial corpora{''} from knowledge bases {--} for the purpose of producing training data and in relation to possible applications of embedding lemmas and word senses in the same space.",
}
@inproceedings{rohanian-2017-multi,
    title = "Multi-Document Summarization of {P}ersian Text using Paragraph Vectors",
    author = "Rohanian, Morteza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop Associated with {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_005",
    doi = "10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_005",
    pages = "35--40",
    abstract = "A multi-document summarizer finds the key topics from multiple textual sources and organizes information around them. In this paper we propose a summarization method for Persian text using paragraph vectors that can represent textual units of arbitrary lengths. We use these vectors to calculate the semantic relatedness between documents, cluster them to a number of predetermined groups, weight them based on their distance to the centroids and the intra-cluster homogeneity and take out the key paragraphs. We compare the final summaries with the gold-standard summaries of 21 digital topics using the ROUGE evaluation metric. Experimental results show the advantages of using paragraph vectors over earlier attempts at developing similar methods for a low resource language like Persian.",
}
@inproceedings{simeonova-2017-gradient,
    title = "Gradient Emotional Analysis",
    author = "Simeonova, Lilia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop Associated with {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_006",
    doi = "10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_006",
    pages = "41--45",
    abstract = {Over the past few years a lot of research has been done on sentiment analysis, however, the emotional analysis, being so subjective, is not a well examined dis-cipline. The main focus of this proposal is to categorize a given sentence in two dimensions - sentiment and arousal. For this purpose two techniques will be com-bined {--} Machine Learning approach and Lexicon-based approach. The first di-mension will give the sentiment value {--} positive versus negative. This will be re-solved by using Na{\"\i}ve Bayes Classifier. The second and more interesting dimen-sion will determine the level of arousal. This will be achieved by evaluation of given a phrase or sentence based on lexi-con with affective ratings for 14 thousand English words.},
}
@inproceedings{tran-2017-applying,
    title = "Applying Deep Neural Network to Retrieve Relevant Civil Law Articles",
    author = "Tran, Anh Hang Nga",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop Associated with {RANLP} 2017",
    month = sep,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Varna",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_007",
    doi = "10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_007",
    pages = "46--48",
    abstract = "The paper aims to achieve the legal question answering information retrieval (IR) task at Competition on Legal Information Extraction/Entailment (COLIEE) 2017. Our proposal methodology for the task is to utilize deep neural network, natural language processing and word2vec. The system was evaluated using training and testing data from the competition on legal information extraction/entailment (COLIEE). Our system mainly focuses on giving relevant civil law articles for given bar exams. The corpus of legal questions is drawn from Japanese Legal Bar exam queries. We implemented a combined deep neural network with additional features NLP and word2vec to gain the corresponding civil law articles based on a given bar exam {`}Yes/No{'} questions. This paper focuses on clustering words-with-relation in order to acquire relevant civil law articles. All evaluation processes were done on the COLIEE 2017 training and test data set. The experimental result shows a very promising result.",
}
@proceedings{conll-2015-natural,
    title = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1000",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1",
}
@inproceedings{sokolov-etal-2015-coactive,
    title = "A Coactive Learning View of Online Structured Prediction in Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Sokolov, Artem  and
      Riezler, Stefan  and
      Cohen, Shay B.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1001",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1001",
    pages = "1--11",
}
@inproceedings{peng-etal-2015-joint,
    title = "A Joint Framework for Coreference Resolution and Mention Head Detection",
    author = "Peng, Haoruo  and
      Chang, Kai-Wei  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1002",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1002",
    pages = "12--21",
}
@inproceedings{garrette-etal-2015-supertag,
    title = "A Supertag-Context Model for Weakly-Supervised {CCG} Parser Learning",
    author = "Garrette, Dan  and
      Dyer, Chris  and
      Baldridge, Jason  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1003",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1003",
    pages = "22--31",
}
@inproceedings{peng-etal-2015-synchronous,
    title = "A Synchronous Hyperedge Replacement Grammar based approach for {AMR} parsing",
    author = "Peng, Xiaochang  and
      Song, Linfeng  and
      Gildea, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1004",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1004",
    pages = "32--41",
}
@inproceedings{al-badrashiny-etal-2015-aida2,
    title = "{AIDA}2: A Hybrid Approach for Token and Sentence Level Dialect Identification in {A}rabic",
    author = "Al-Badrashiny, Mohamed  and
      Elfardy, Heba  and
      Diab, Mona",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1005",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1005",
    pages = "42--51",
}
@inproceedings{bhatt-etal-2015-iterative,
    title = "An Iterative Similarity based Adaptation Technique for Cross-domain Text Classification",
    author = "Bhatt, Himanshu Sharad  and
      Semwal, Deepali  and
      Roy, Shourya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1006",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1006",
    pages = "52--61",
}
@inproceedings{guzman-etal-2015-analyzing,
    title = "Analyzing Optimization for Statistical Machine Translation: {MERT} Learns Verbosity, {PRO} Learns Length",
    author = "Guzm{\'a}n, Francisco  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      Vogel, Stephan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1007",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1007",
    pages = "62--72",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-guo-2015-annotation,
    title = "Annotation Projection-based Representation Learning for Cross-lingual Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Xiao, Min  and
      Guo, Yuhong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1008",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1008",
    pages = "73--82",
}
@inproceedings{qu-etal-2015-big,
    title = "Big Data Small Data, In Domain Out-of Domain, Known Word Unknown Word: The Impact of Word Representations on Sequence Labelling Tasks",
    author = "Qu, Lizhen  and
      Ferraro, Gabriela  and
      Zhou, Liyuan  and
      Hou, Weiwei  and
      Schneider, Nathan  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1009",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1009",
    pages = "83--93",
}
@inproceedings{berzak-etal-2015-contrastive,
    title = "Contrastive Analysis with Predictive Power: Typology Driven Estimation of Grammatical Error Distributions in {ESL}",
    author = "Berzak, Yevgeni  and
      Reichart, Roi  and
      Katz, Boris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1010",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1010",
    pages = "94--102",
}
@inproceedings{johannsen-etal-2015-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual syntactic variation over age and gender",
    author = "Johannsen, Anders  and
      Hovy, Dirk  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1011",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1011",
    pages = "103--112",
}
@inproceedings{duong-etal-2015-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Transfer for Unsupervised Dependency Parsing Without Parallel Data",
    author = "Duong, Long  and
      Cohn, Trevor  and
      Bird, Steven  and
      Cook, Paul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1012",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1012",
    pages = "113--122",
}
@inproceedings{bogdanova-etal-2015-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Semantically Equivalent Questions in Online User Forums",
    author = "Bogdanova, Dasha  and
      dos Santos, C{\'\i}cero  and
      Barbosa, Luciano  and
      Zadrozny, Bianca",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1013",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1013",
    pages = "123--131",
}
@inproceedings{kim-choi-2015-entity,
    title = "Entity Linking {K}orean Text: An Unsupervised Learning Approach using Semantic Relations",
    author = "Kim, Youngsik  and
      Choi, Key-Sun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1014",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1014",
    pages = "132--141",
}
@inproceedings{yazdani-henderson-2015-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Recurrent Neural Network Dependency Parser with Search-based Discriminative Training",
    author = "Yazdani, Majid  and
      Henderson, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1015",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1015",
    pages = "142--152",
}
@inproceedings{klinger-cimiano-2015-instance,
    title = "Instance Selection Improves Cross-Lingual Model Training for Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Klinger, Roman  and
      Cimiano, Philipp",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1016",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1016",
    pages = "153--163",
}
@inproceedings{cotterell-etal-2015-labeled,
    title = "Labeled Morphological Segmentation with Semi-{M}arkov Models",
    author = {Cotterell, Ryan  and
      M{\"u}ller, Thomas  and
      Fraser, Alexander  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1017",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1017",
    pages = "164--174",
}
@inproceedings{shwartz-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning to Exploit Structured Resources for Lexical Inference",
    author = "Shwartz, Vered  and
      Levy, Omer  and
      Dagan, Ido  and
      Goldberger, Jacob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1018",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1018",
    pages = "175--184",
}
@inproceedings{weegar-etal-2015-linking,
    title = "Linking Entities Across Images and Text",
    author = {Weegar, Rebecka  and
      {\AA}str{\"o}m, Kalle  and
      Nugues, Pierre},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1019",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1019",
    pages = "185--193",
}
@inproceedings{felt-etal-2015-making,
    title = "Making the Most of Crowdsourced Document Annotations: Confused Supervised {LDA}",
    author = "Felt, Paul  and
      Ringger, Eric  and
      Boyd-Graber, Jordan  and
      Seppi, Kevin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1020",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1020",
    pages = "194--203",
}
@inproceedings{yin-schutze-2015-multichannel,
    title = "Multichannel Variable-Size Convolution for Sentence Classification",
    author = {Yin, Wenpeng  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1021",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1021",
    pages = "204--214",
}
@inproceedings{wiegand-ruppenhofer-2015-opinion,
    title = "Opinion Holder and Target Extraction based on the Induction of Verbal Categories",
    author = "Wiegand, Michael  and
      Ruppenhofer, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1022",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1022",
    pages = "215--225",
}
@inproceedings{perera-allen-2015-quantity,
    title = "Quantity, Contrast, and Convention in Cross-Situated Language Comprehension",
    author = "Perera, Ian  and
      Allen, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1023",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1023",
    pages = "226--236",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2015-recovering,
    title = "Recovering Traceability Links in Requirements Documents",
    author = "Li, Zeheng  and
      Chen, Mingrui  and
      Huang, LiGuo  and
      Ng, Vincent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1024",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1024",
    pages = "237--246",
}
@inproceedings{gulordava-merlo-2015-structural,
    title = "Structural and lexical factors in adjective placement in complex noun phrases across Romance languages",
    author = "Gulordava, Kristina  and
      Merlo, Paola",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1025",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1025",
    pages = "247--257",
}
@inproceedings{schwartz-etal-2015-symmetric,
    title = "Symmetric Pattern Based Word Embeddings for Improved Word Similarity Prediction",
    author = "Schwartz, Roy  and
      Reichart, Roi  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1026",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1026",
    pages = "258--267",
}
@inproceedings{hashimoto-etal-2015-task,
    title = "Task-Oriented Learning of Word Embeddings for Semantic Relation Classification",
    author = "Hashimoto, Kazuma  and
      Stenetorp, Pontus  and
      Miwa, Makoto  and
      Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1027",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1027",
    pages = "268--278",
}
@inproceedings{jeong-etal-2015-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Information Extraction from {K}orean Texts",
    author = "Jeong, Young-Seob  and
      Kim, Zae Myung  and
      Do, Hyun-Woo  and
      Lim, Chae-Gyun  and
      Choi, Ho-Jin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1028",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1028",
    pages = "279--288",
}
@inproceedings{ballesteros-carreras-2015-transition,
    title = "Transition-based Spinal Parsing",
    author = "Ballesteros, Miguel  and
      Carreras, Xavier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1029",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1029",
    pages = "289--299",
}
@inproceedings{ishiwatari-etal-2015-accurate,
    title = "Accurate Cross-lingual Projection between Count-based Word Vectors by Exploiting Translatable Context Pairs",
    author = "Ishiwatari, Shonosuke  and
      Kaji, Nobuhiro  and
      Yoshinaga, Naoki  and
      Toyoda, Masashi  and
      Kitsuregawa, Masaru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1030",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1030",
    pages = "300--304",
}
@inproceedings{luong-etal-2015-deep,
    title = "Deep Neural Language Models for Machine Translation",
    author = "Luong, Thang  and
      Kayser, Michael  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1031",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1031",
    pages = "305--309",
}
@inproceedings{mihaylov-etal-2015-finding,
    title = "Finding Opinion Manipulation Trolls in News Community Forums",
    author = "Mihaylov, Todor  and
      Georgiev, Georgi  and
      Nakov, Preslav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1032",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1032",
    pages = "310--314",
}
@inproceedings{plank-etal-2015-dependency,
    title = "Do dependency parsing metrics correlate with human judgments?",
    author = "Plank, Barbara  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez Alonso, H{\'e}ctor  and
      Agi{\'c}, {\v{Z}}eljko  and
      Merkler, Danijela  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1033",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1033",
    pages = "315--320",
}
@inproceedings{mahajan-etal-2015-feature,
    title = "Feature Selection for Short Text Classification using Wavelet Packet Transform",
    author = "Mahajan, Anuj  and
      Jat, Sharmistha  and
      Roy, Shourya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1034",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1034",
    pages = "321--326",
}
@inproceedings{maillard-clark-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Adjective Meanings with a Tensor-Based Skip-Gram Model",
    author = "Maillard, Jean  and
      Clark, Stephen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1035",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1035",
    pages = "327--331",
}
@inproceedings{toutanova-etal-2015-model,
    title = "Model Selection for Type-Supervised Learning with Application to {POS} Tagging",
    author = "Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Ammar, Waleed  and
      Choudhury, Pallavi  and
      Poon, Hoifung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1036",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1036",
    pages = "332--337",
}
@inproceedings{taghipour-ng-2015-one,
    title = "One Million Sense-Tagged Instances for Word Sense Disambiguation and Induction",
    author = "Taghipour, Kaveh  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1037",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1037",
    pages = "338--344",
}
@inproceedings{barrett-sogaard-2015-reading,
    title = "Reading behavior predicts syntactic categories",
    author = "Barrett, Maria  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-1038",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-1038",
    pages = "345--349",
}
@proceedings{conll-2015-natural-language,
    title = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2000",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2",
}
@inproceedings{xue-etal-2015-conll,
    title = "The {C}o{NLL}-2015 Shared Task on Shallow Discourse Parsing",
    author = "Xue, Nianwen  and
      Ng, Hwee Tou  and
      Pradhan, Sameer  and
      Prasad, Rashmi  and
      Bryant, Christopher  and
      Rutherford, Attapol",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2001",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2001",
    pages = "1--16",
}
@inproceedings{wang-lan-2015-refined,
    title = "A Refined End-to-End Discourse Parser",
    author = "Wang, Jianxiang  and
      Lan, Man",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2002",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2002",
    pages = "17--24",
}
@inproceedings{stepanov-etal-2015-unitn,
    title = "The {U}ni{TN} Discourse Parser in {C}o{NLL} 2015 Shared Task: Token-level Sequence Labeling with Argument-specific Models",
    author = "Stepanov, Evgeny  and
      Riccardi, Giuseppe  and
      Bayer, Ali Orkan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2003",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2003",
    pages = "25--31",
}
@inproceedings{kong-etal-2015-sonlp,
    title = "The {S}o{NLP}-{DP} System in the {C}o{NLL}-2015 shared Task",
    author = "Kong, Fang  and
      Li, Sheng  and
      Zhou, Guodong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2004",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2004",
    pages = "32--36",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2015-shallow,
    title = "Shallow Discourse Parsing Using Constituent Parsing Tree",
    author = "Chen, Changge  and
      Wang, Peilu  and
      Zhao, Hai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2005",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2005",
    pages = "37--41",
}
@inproceedings{chiarcos-schenk-2015-minimalist,
    title = "A Minimalist Approach to Shallow Discourse Parsing and Implicit Relation Recognition",
    author = "Chiarcos, Christian  and
      Schenk, Niko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2006",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2006",
    pages = "42--49",
}
@inproceedings{lalitha-devi-etal-2015-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Discourse Relation Parser in {C}o{NLL} 2015",
    author = "Lalitha Devi, Sobha  and
      Gopalan, Sindhuja  and
      S., Lakshmi  and
      RK Rao, Pattabhi  and
      Sundar Ram, Vijay  and
      C.S., Malarkodi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2007",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2007",
    pages = "50--55",
}
@inproceedings{laali-etal-2015-clac,
    title = "The {CL}a{C} Discourse Parser at {C}o{NLL}-2015",
    author = "Laali, Majid  and
      Davoodi, Elnaz  and
      Kosseim, Leila",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2008",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2008",
    pages = "56--60",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-etal-2015-shallow,
    title = "Shallow Discourse Parsing with Syntactic and (a Few) Semantic Features",
    author = "Mukherjee, Shubham  and
      Tiwari, Abhishek  and
      Gupta, Mohit  and
      Kumar Singh, Anil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2009",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2009",
    pages = "61--65",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2015-jaist,
    title = "{JAIST}: A two-phase machine learning approach for identifying discourse relations in newswire texts",
    author = "Nguyen, Truong Son  and
      Ho, Bao Quoc  and
      Nguyen, Le Minh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2010",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2010",
    pages = "66--70",
}
@inproceedings{okita-etal-2015-dcu,
    title = "The {DCU} Discourse Parser: A Sense Classification Task",
    author = "Okita, Tsuyoshi  and
      Wang, Longyue  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2011",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2011",
    pages = "71--77",
}
@inproceedings{song-etal-2015-improving,
    title = "Improving a Pipeline Architecture for Shallow Discourse Parsing",
    author = "Song, Yangqiu  and
      Peng, Haoruo  and
      Kordjamshidi, Parisa  and
      Sammons, Mark  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2012",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2012",
    pages = "78--83",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2015-shallow,
    title = "A Shallow Discourse Parsing System Based On Maximum Entropy Model",
    author = "Sun, Jia  and
      Li, Peijia  and
      Xu, Weiqun  and
      Yan, Yonghong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2013",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2013",
    pages = "84--88",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2015-dcu,
    title = "The {DCU} Discourse Parser for Connective, Argument Identification and Explicit Sense Classification",
    author = "Wang, Longyue  and
      Hokamp, Chris  and
      Okita, Tsuyoshi  and
      Zhang, Xiaojun  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2014",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2014",
    pages = "89--94",
}
@inproceedings{yoshida-etal-2015-hybrid,
    title = "Hybrid Approach to {PDTB}-styled Discourse Parsing for {C}o{NLL}-2015",
    author = "Yoshida, Yasuhisa  and
      Hayashi, Katsuhiko  and
      Hirao, Tsutomu  and
      Nagata, Masaaki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning - Shared Task",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K15-2015",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K15-2015",
    pages = "95--99",
}
@proceedings{coling-2008-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    author = "Scott, Donia  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1000",
}
@inproceedings{abe-etal-2008-two,
    title = "Two-Phased Event Relation Acquisition: Coupling the Relation-Oriented and Argument-Oriented Approaches",
    author = "Abe, Shuya  and
      Inui, Kentaro  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1001",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{abend-etal-2008-supervised,
    title = "A Supervised Algorithm for Verb Disambiguation into {V}erb{N}et Classes",
    author = "Abend, Omri  and
      Reichart, Roi  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1002",
    pages = "9--16",
}
@inproceedings{agirre-lopez-de-lacalle-2008-robustness,
    title = "On Robustness and Domain Adaptation using {SVD} for Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Agirre, Eneko  and
      Lopez de Lacalle, Oier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1003",
    pages = "17--24",
}
@inproceedings{allison-2008-improved,
    title = "An Improved Hierarchical {B}ayesian Model of Language for Document Classification",
    author = "Allison, Ben",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1004",
    pages = "25--32",
}
@inproceedings{ayan-etal-2008-improving,
    title = "Improving Alignments for Better Confusion Networks for Combining Machine Translation Systems",
    author = "Ayan, Necip Fazil  and
      Zheng, Jing  and
      Wang, Wen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1005",
    pages = "33--40",
}
@inproceedings{bachenko-etal-2008-verification,
    title = "Verification and Implementation of Language-Based Deception Indicators in Civil and Criminal Narratives",
    author = "Bachenko, Joan  and
      Fitzpatrick, Eileen  and
      Schonwetter, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1006",
    pages = "41--48",
}
@inproceedings{bader-chew-2008-enhancing,
    title = "Enhancing Multilingual Latent Semantic Analysis with Term Alignment Information",
    author = "Bader, Brett W.  and
      Chew, Peter A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1007",
    pages = "49--56",
}
@inproceedings{baldridge-2008-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised Supertagging with Grammar-Informed Initialization",
    author = "Baldridge, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1008",
    pages = "57--64",
}
@inproceedings{brody-lapata-2008-good,
    title = "Good Neighbors Make Good Senses: Exploiting Distributional Similarity for Unsupervised {WSD}",
    author = "Brody, Samuel  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1009",
    pages = "65--72",
}
@inproceedings{buckley-wolska-2008-classification,
    title = "A Classification of Dialogue Actions in Tutorial Dialogue",
    author = "Buckley, Mark  and
      Wolska, Magdalena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1010",
    pages = "73--80",
}
@inproceedings{butnariu-veale-2008-concept,
    title = "A Concept-Centered Approach to Noun-Compound Interpretation",
    author = "Butnariu, Cristina  and
      Veale, Tony",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1011",
    pages = "81--88",
}
@inproceedings{buyko-hahn-2008-morpho,
    title = "Are Morpho-Syntactic Features More Predictive for the Resolution of Noun Phrase Coordination Ambiguity than Lexico-Semantic Similarity Scores?",
    author = "Buyko, Ekaterina  and
      Hahn, Udo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1012",
    pages = "89--96",
}
@inproceedings{callison-burch-etal-2008-parametric,
    title = "{P}ara{M}etric: An Automatic Evaluation Metric for Paraphrasing",
    author = "Callison-Burch, Chris  and
      Cohn, Trevor  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1013",
    pages = "97--104",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2008-regenerating,
    title = "Regenerating Hypotheses for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Chen, Boxing  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Aw, Aiti  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1014",
    pages = "105--112",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2008-learning,
    title = "Learning Reliable Information for Dependency Parsing Adaptation",
    author = "Chen, Wenliang  and
      Wu, Youzheng  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1015",
    pages = "113--120",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2008-anaphora,
    title = "Other-Anaphora Resolution in Biomedical Texts with Automatically Mined Patterns",
    author = "Chen, Bin  and
      Yang, Xiaofeng  and
      Su, Jian  and
      Tan, Chew Lim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1016",
    pages = "121--128",
}
@inproceedings{chew-etal-2008-latent,
    title = "Latent Morpho-Semantic Analysis: Multilingual Information Retrieval with Character N-Grams and Mutual Information",
    author = "Chew, Peter A.  and
      Bader, Brett W.  and
      Abdelali, Ahmed",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1017",
    pages = "129--136",
}
@inproceedings{cohn-lapata-2008-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Compression Beyond Word Deletion",
    author = "Cohn, Trevor  and
      Lapata, Mirella",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1018",
    pages = "137--144",
}
@inproceedings{conroy-dang-2008-mind,
    title = "Mind the Gap: Dangers of Divorcing Evaluations of Summary Content from Linguistic Quality",
    author = "Conroy, John M.  and
      Dang, Hoa Trang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1019",
    pages = "145--152",
}
@inproceedings{crysmann-etal-2008-hybrid,
    title = "Hybrid Processing for Grammar and Style Checking",
    author = {Crysmann, Berthold  and
      Bertomeu, Nuria  and
      Adolphs, Peter  and
      Flickinger, Daniel  and
      Kl{\"u}wer, Tina},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1020",
    pages = "153--160",
}
@inproceedings{cuadros-rigau-2008-knownet,
    title = "{K}now{N}et: Building a Large Net of Knowledge from the Web",
    author = "Cuadros, Montse  and
      Rigau, German",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1021",
    pages = "161--168",
}
@inproceedings{de-felice-pulman-2008-classifier,
    title = "A Classifier-Based Approach to Preposition and Determiner Error Correction in {L}2 {E}nglish",
    author = "De Felice, Rachele  and
      Pulman, Stephen G.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1022",
    pages = "169--176",
}
@inproceedings{de-la-chica-etal-2008-pedagogically,
    title = "Pedagogically Useful Extractive Summaries for Science Education",
    author = "de la Chica, Sebastian  and
      Ahmad, Faisal  and
      Martin, James H.  and
      Sumner, Tamara",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1023",
    pages = "177--184",
}
@inproceedings{de-saeger-etal-2008-looking,
    title = "Looking for Trouble",
    author = "De Saeger, Stijn  and
      Torisawa, Kentaro  and
      Kazama, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1024",
    pages = "185--192",
}
@inproceedings{deoskar-2008-estimation,
    title = "Re-estimation of Lexical Parameters for Treebank {PCFG}s",
    author = "Deoskar, Tejaswini",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1025",
    pages = "193--200",
}
@inproceedings{dickinson-2008-representations,
    title = "Representations for category disambiguation",
    author = "Dickinson, Markus",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1026",
    pages = "201--208",
}
@inproceedings{elming-2008-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Reordering Integrated with Phrase-Based {SMT}",
    author = "Elming, Jakob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1027",
    pages = "209--216",
}
@inproceedings{fowler-2008-efficiently,
    title = "Efficiently Parsing with the Product-Free Lambek Calculus",
    author = "Fowler, Timothy A. D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1028",
    pages = "217--224",
}
@inproceedings{fujita-sato-2008-probabilistic,
    title = "A Probabilistic Model for Measuring Grammaticality and Similarity of Automatically Generated Paraphrases of Predicate Phrases",
    author = "Fujita, Atsushi  and
      Sato, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1029",
    pages = "225--232",
}
@inproceedings{fukumoto-etal-2008-retrieving,
    title = "Retrieving Bilingual Verb-Noun Collocations by Integrating Cross-Language Category Hierarchies",
    author = "Fukumoto, Fumiyo  and
      Suzuki, Yoshimi  and
      Yamashita, Kazuyuki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1030",
    pages = "233--240",
}
@inproceedings{ganapathibhotla-liu-2008-mining,
    title = "Mining Opinions in Comparative Sentences",
    author = "Ganapathibhotla, Murthy  and
      Liu, Bing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1031",
    pages = "241--248",
}
@inproceedings{gardent-2008-integrating,
    title = "Integrating a Unification-Based Semantics in a Large Scale Lexicalised Tree Adjoining Grammar for {F}rench",
    author = "Gardent, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1032",
    pages = "249--256",
}
@inproceedings{gasperin-briscoe-2008-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Anaphora Resolution in Biomedical Texts",
    author = "Gasperin, Caroline  and
      Briscoe, Ted",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1033",
    pages = "257--264",
}
@inproceedings{giuliano-gliozzo-2008-instance,
    title = "Instance-Based Ontology Population Exploiting Named-Entity Substitution",
    author = "Giuliano, Claudio  and
      Gliozzo, Alfio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1034",
    pages = "265--272",
}
@inproceedings{gledson-keane-2008-measuring,
    title = "Measuring Topic Homogeneity and its Application to Dictionary-Based Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Gledson, Ann  and
      Keane, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1035",
    pages = "273--280",
}
@inproceedings{gledson-keane-2008-using,
    title = "Using Web-Search Results to Measure Word-Group Similarity",
    author = "Gledson, Ann  and
      Keane, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1036",
    pages = "281--288",
}
@inproceedings{grunder-2008-algorithm,
    title = "An Algorithm for Adverbial Aspect Shift",
    author = {Gr{\"u}nder, Sabine},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1037",
    pages = "289--296",
}
@inproceedings{guo-etal-2008-dependency,
    title = "Dependency-Based N-Gram Models for General Purpose Sentence Realisation",
    author = "Guo, Yuqing  and
      van Genabith, Josef  and
      Wang, Haifeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1038",
    pages = "297--304",
}
@inproceedings{haffari-sarkar-2008-homotopy,
    title = "Homotopy-Based Semi-Supervised Hidden {M}arkov Models for Sequence Labeling",
    author = "Haffari, Gholamreza  and
      Sarkar, Anoop",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1039",
    pages = "305--312",
}
@inproceedings{hassan-etal-2008-tracking,
    title = "Tracking the Dynamic Evolution of Participants Salience in a Discussion",
    author = "Hassan, Ahmed  and
      Fader, Anthony  and
      Crespin, Michael H.  and
      Quinn, Kevin M.  and
      Monroe, Burt L.  and
      Colaresi, Michael  and
      Radev, Dragomir R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1040",
    pages = "313--320",
}
@inproceedings{he-etal-2008-improving,
    title = "Improving Statistical Machine Translation using Lexicalized Rule Selection",
    author = "He, Zhongjun  and
      Liu, Qun  and
      Lin, Shouxun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1041",
    pages = "321--328",
}
@inproceedings{headden-iii-etal-2008-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Tagging for Grammar Induction",
    author = "Headden III, William P.  and
      McClosky, David  and
      Charniak, Eugene",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1042",
    pages = "329--336",
}
@inproceedings{hickl-2008-using,
    title = "Using Discourse Commitments to Recognize Textual Entailment",
    author = "Hickl, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1043",
    pages = "337--344",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2008-modeling,
    title = "Modeling {C}hinese Documents with Topical Word-Character Models",
    author = "Hu, Wei  and
      Shimizu, Nobuyuki  and
      Nakagawa, Hiroshi  and
      Sheng, Huanye",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1044",
    pages = "345--352",
}
@inproceedings{ikehara-etal-2008-non,
    title = "Non-Compositional Language Model and Pattern Dictionary Development for {J}apanese Compound and Complex Sentences",
    author = "Ikehara, Satoru  and
      Tokuhisa, Masato  and
      Murakami, Jin{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1045",
    pages = "353--360",
}
@inproceedings{iwatate-etal-2008-japanese,
    title = "{J}apanese Dependency Parsing Using a Tournament Model",
    author = "Iwatate, Masakazu  and
      Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1046",
    pages = "361--368",
}
@inproceedings{jaworski-2008-contents,
    title = "Contents Modelling of {N}eo-{S}umerian {U}r {III} Economic Text Corpus",
    author = "Jaworski, Wojciech",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1047",
    pages = "369--376",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-zhou-2008-generating,
    title = "Generating {C}hinese Couplets using a Statistical {MT} Approach",
    author = "Jiang, Long  and
      Zhou, Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1048",
    pages = "377--384",
}
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2008-word,
    title = "Word Lattice Reranking for {C}hinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-Speech Tagging",
    author = "Jiang, Wenbin  and
      Mi, Haitao  and
      Liu, Qun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1049",
    pages = "385--392",
}
@inproceedings{johansson-nugues-2008-effect,
    title = "The Effect of Syntactic Representation on Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Johansson, Richard  and
      Nugues, Pierre",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1050",
    pages = "393--400",
}
@inproceedings{kaji-kitsuregawa-2008-using,
    title = "Using Hidden {M}arkov Random Fields to Combine Distributional and Pattern-Based Word Clustering",
    author = "Kaji, Nobuhiro  and
      Kitsuregawa, Masaru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1051",
    pages = "401--408",
}
@inproceedings{kanayama-nasukawa-2008-textual,
    title = "Textual Demand Analysis: Detection of Users{'} Wants and Needs from Opinions",
    author = "Kanayama, Hiroshi  and
      Nasukawa, Tetsuya",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1052",
    pages = "409--416",
}
@inproceedings{katrenko-adriaans-2008-local,
    title = "A Local Alignment Kernel in the Context of {NLP}",
    author = "Katrenko, Sophia  and
      Adriaans, Pieter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1053",
    pages = "417--424",
}
@inproceedings{kawahara-kurohashi-2008-coordination,
    title = "Coordination Disambiguation without Any Similarities",
    author = "Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1054",
    pages = "425--432",
}
@inproceedings{khan-etal-2008-generation,
    title = "Generation of Referring Expressions: Managing Structural Ambiguities",
    author = "Khan, Imtiaz Hussain  and
      van Deemter, Kees  and
      Ritchie, Graeme",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1055",
    pages = "433--440",
}
@inproceedings{kobus-etal-2008-normalizing,
    title = "Normalizing {SMS}: are Two Metaphors Better than One ?",
    author = "Kobus, Catherine  and
      Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Damnati, G{\'e}raldine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1056",
    pages = "441--448",
}
@inproceedings{korhonen-etal-2008-choice,
    title = "The Choice of Features for Classification of Verbs in Biomedical Texts",
    author = "Korhonen, Anna  and
      Krymolowski, Yuval  and
      Collier, Nigel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1057",
    pages = "449--456",
}
@inproceedings{kwong-tsou-2008-extending,
    title = "Extending a Thesaurus with Words from Pan-{C}hinese Sources",
    author = "Kwong, Oi Yee  and
      Tsou, Benjamin K.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1058",
    pages = "457--464",
}
@inproceedings{laws-schutze-2008-stopping,
    title = "Stopping Criteria for Active Learning of Named Entity Recognition",
    author = {Laws, Florian  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1059",
    pages = "465--472",
}
@inproceedings{lerman-etal-2008-reading,
    title = "Reading the Markets: Forecasting Public Opinion of Political Candidates by News Analysis",
    author = "Lerman, Kevin  and
      Gilder, Ari  and
      Dredze, Mark  and
      Pereira, Fernando",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1060",
    pages = "473--480",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2008-classifying,
    title = "Classifying What-Type Questions by Head Noun Tagging",
    author = "Li, Fangtao  and
      Zhang, Xian  and
      Yuan, Jinhui  and
      Zhu, Xiaoyan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1061",
    pages = "481--488",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2008-pnr2,
    title = "{PNR}2: Ranking Sentences with Positive and Negative Reinforcement for Query-Oriented Update Summarization",
    author = "Li, Wenjie  and
      Wei, Furu  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      He, Yanxiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1062",
    pages = "489--496",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2008-understanding,
    title = "Understanding and Summarizing Answers in Community-Based Question Answering Services",
    author = "Liu, Yuanjie  and
      Li, Shasha  and
      Cao, Yunbo  and
      Lin, Chin-Yew  and
      Han, Dingyi  and
      Yu, Yong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1063",
    pages = "497--504",
}
@inproceedings{lopez-2008-tera,
    title = "Tera-Scale Translation Models via Pattern Matching",
    author = "Lopez, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1064",
    pages = "505--512",
}
@inproceedings{luyckx-daelemans-2008-authorship,
    title = "Authorship Attribution and Verification with Many Authors and Limited Data",
    author = "Luyckx, Kim  and
      Daelemans, Walter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1065",
    pages = "513--520",
}
@inproceedings{maccartney-manning-2008-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Semantic Containment and Exclusion in Natural Language Inference",
    author = "MacCartney, Bill  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1066",
    pages = "521--528",
}
@inproceedings{macken-etal-2008-linguistically,
    title = "Linguistically-Based Sub-Sentential Alignment for Terminology Extraction from a Bilingual Automotive Corpus",
    author = "Macken, Lieve  and
      Lefever, Els  and
      Hoste, Veronique",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1067",
    pages = "529--536",
}
@inproceedings{malik-etal-2008-hindi,
    title = "{H}indi {U}rdu Machine Transliteration using Finite-State Transducers",
    author = "Malik, M G Abbas  and
      Boitet, Christian  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1068",
    pages = "537--544",
}
@inproceedings{matsuzaki-tsujii-2008-comparative,
    title = "Comparative Parser Performance Analysis across Grammar Frameworks through Automatic Tree Conversion using Synchronous Grammars",
    author = "Matsuzaki, Takuya  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1069",
    pages = "545--552",
}
@inproceedings{mazur-dale-2008-whats,
    title = "What{'}s the Date? High Accuracy Interpretation of Weekday Names",
    author = "Mazur, Pawel  and
      Dale, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1070",
    pages = "553--560",
}
@inproceedings{mcclosky-etal-2008-self,
    title = "When is Self-Training Effective for Parsing?",
    author = "McClosky, David  and
      Charniak, Eugene  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1071",
    pages = "561--568",
}
@inproceedings{miller-schuler-2008-syntactic,
    title = "A Syntactic Time-Series Model for Parsing Fluent and Disfluent Speech",
    author = "Miller, Tim  and
      Schuler, William",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1072",
    pages = "569--576",
}
@inproceedings{mistica-etal-2008-applying,
    title = "Applying Discourse Analysis and Data Mining Methods to Spoken {OSCE} Assessments",
    author = "Mistica, Meladel  and
      Baldwin, Timothy  and
      Cordella, Marisa  and
      Musgrave, Simon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1073",
    pages = "577--584",
}
@inproceedings{moore-quirk-2008-random,
    title = "Random Restarts in Minimum Error Rate Training for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Moore, Robert C.  and
      Quirk, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1074",
    pages = "585--592",
}
@inproceedings{moreau-etal-2008-robust,
    title = "Robust Similarity Measures for Named Entities Matching",
    author = "Moreau, Erwan  and
      Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois  and
      Capp{\'e}, Olivier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1075",
    pages = "593--600",
}
@inproceedings{mukherjee-etal-2008-modeling,
    title = "Modeling the Structure and Dynamics of the Consonant Inventories: A Complex Network Approach",
    author = "Mukherjee, Animesh  and
      Choudhury, Monojit  and
      Basu, Anupam  and
      Ganguly, Niloy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1076",
    pages = "601--608",
}
@inproceedings{muthukrishnan-etal-2008-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Multiple Facets of an Event using Graph-Based Unsupervised Methods",
    author = "Muthukrishnan, Pradeep  and
      Gerrish, Joshua  and
      Radev, Dragomir R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1077",
    pages = "609--616",
}
@inproceedings{naughton-etal-2008-investigating,
    title = "Investigating Statistical Techniques for Sentence-Level Event Classification",
    author = "Naughton, Martina  and
      Stokes, Nicola  and
      Carthy, Joe",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1078",
    pages = "617--624",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-kim-2008-exploring,
    title = "Exploring Domain Differences for the Design of a Pronoun Resolution System for Biomedical Text",
    author = "Nguyen, Ngan L.T.  and
      Kim, Jin-Dong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1079",
    pages = "625--632",
}
@inproceedings{nicolas-etal-2008-computer,
    title = "Computer Aided Correction and Extension of a Syntactic Wide-Coverage Lexicon",
    author = "Nicolas, Lionel  and
      Sagot, Beno{\^\i}t  and
      Molinero, Miguel A.  and
      Farr{\'e}, Jacques  and
      de la Clergerie, {\'E}ric",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1080",
    pages = "633--640",
}
@inproceedings{nivre-etal-2008-parsing,
    title = "Parsing the {S}yn{T}ag{R}us Treebank of {R}ussian",
    author = "Nivre, Joakim  and
      Boguslavsky, Igor M.  and
      Iomdin, Leonid L.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1081",
    pages = "641--648",
}
@inproceedings{o-seaghdha-copestake-2008-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Classification with Distributional Kernels",
    author = "{\'O} S{\'e}aghdha, Diarmuid  and
      Copestake, Ann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1082",
    pages = "649--656",
}
@inproceedings{okazaki-etal-2008-discriminative,
    title = "A Discriminative Alignment Model for Abbreviation Recognition",
    author = "Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1083",
    pages = "657--664",
}
@inproceedings{pado-etal-2008-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Role Assignment for Event Nominalisations by Leveraging Verbal Data",
    author = "Pad{\'o}, Sebastian  and
      Pennacchiotti, Marco  and
      Sporleder, Caroline",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1084",
    pages = "665--672",
}
@inproceedings{pajas-stepanek-2008-recent,
    title = "Recent Advances in a Feature-Rich Framework for Treebank Annotation",
    author = "Pajas, Petr  and
      {\v{S}}t{\v{e}}p{\'a}nek, Jan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1085",
    pages = "673--680",
}
@inproceedings{pantel-vyas-2008-joint,
    title = "A Joint Information Model for N-Best Ranking",
    author = "Pantel, Patrick  and
      Vyas, Vishnu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1086",
    pages = "681--688",
}
@inproceedings{qazvinian-radev-2008-scientific,
    title = "Scientific Paper Summarization Using Citation Summary Networks",
    author = "Qazvinian, Vahed  and
      Radev, Dragomir R.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1087",
    pages = "689--696",
}
@inproceedings{qian-etal-2008-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Constituent Dependencies for Tree Kernel-Based Semantic Relation Extraction",
    author = "Qian, Longhua  and
      Zhou, Guodong  and
      Kong, Fang  and
      Zhu, Qiaoming  and
      Qian, Peide",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1088",
    pages = "697--704",
}
@inproceedings{qiu-etal-2008-method,
    title = "A Method for Automatic {POS} Guessing of {C}hinese Unknown Words",
    author = "Qiu, Likun  and
      Hu, Changjian  and
      Zhao, Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1089",
    pages = "705--712",
}
@inproceedings{rayner-etal-2008-almost,
    title = "Almost Flat Functional Semantics for Speech Translation",
    author = "Rayner, Manny  and
      Bouillon, Pierrette  and
      Hockey, Beth Ann  and
      Nakao, Yukie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1090",
    pages = "713--720",
}
@inproceedings{reichart-rappoport-2008-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Induction of Labeled Parse Trees by Clustering with Syntactic Features",
    author = "Reichart, Roi  and
      Rappoport, Ari",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1091",
    pages = "721--728",
}
@inproceedings{richens-2008-anomalies,
    title = "Anomalies in the {W}ord{N}et Verb Hierarchy",
    author = "Richens, Tom",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1092",
    pages = "729--736",
}
@inproceedings{riezler-etal-2008-translating,
    title = "Translating Queries into Snippets for Improved Query Expansion",
    author = "Riezler, Stefan  and
      Liu, Yi  and
      Vasserman, Alexander",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1093",
    pages = "737--744",
}
@inproceedings{roark-hollingshead-2008-classifying,
    title = "Classifying Chart Cells for Quadratic Complexity Context-Free Inference",
    author = "Roark, Brian  and
      Hollingshead, Kristy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1094",
    pages = "745--752",
}
@inproceedings{sagae-tsujii-2008-shift,
    title = "Shift-Reduce Dependency {DAG} Parsing",
    author = "Sagae, Kenji  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1095",
    pages = "753--760",
}
@inproceedings{sasaki-etal-2008-event,
    title = "Event Frame Extraction Based on a Gene Regulation Corpus",
    author = "Sasaki, Yutaka  and
      Thompson, Paul  and
      Cotter, Philip  and
      McNaught, John  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1096",
    pages = "761--768",
}
@inproceedings{sasano-etal-2008-fully,
    title = "A Fully-Lexicalized Probabilistic Model for {J}apanese Zero Anaphora Resolution",
    author = "Sasano, Ryohei  and
      Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1097",
    pages = "769--776",
}
@inproceedings{schmid-laws-2008-estimation,
    title = "Estimation of Conditional Probabilities With Decision Trees and an Application to Fine-Grained {POS} Tagging",
    author = "Schmid, Helmut  and
      Laws, Florian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1098",
    pages = "777--784",
}
@inproceedings{schuler-etal-2008-toward,
    title = "Toward a Psycholinguistically-Motivated Model of Language Processing",
    author = "Schuler, William  and
      AbdelRahman, Samir  and
      Miller, Tim  and
      Schwartz, Lane",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1099",
    pages = "785--792",
}
@inproceedings{shimizu-etal-2008-metric,
    title = "Metric Learning for Synonym Acquisition",
    author = "Shimizu, Nobuyuki  and
      Hagiwara, Masato  and
      Ogawa, Yasuhiro  and
      Toyama, Katsuhiko  and
      Nakagawa, Hiroshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1100",
    pages = "793--800",
}
@inproceedings{somasundaran-etal-2008-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Level Opinion Interpretation",
    author = "Somasundaran, Swapna  and
      Wiebe, Janyce  and
      Ruppenhofer, Josef",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1101",
    pages = "801--808",
}
@inproceedings{stevenson-etal-2008-acquiring,
    title = "Acquiring Sense Tagged Examples using Relevance Feedback",
    author = "Stevenson, Mark  and
      Guo, Yikun  and
      Gaizauskas, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1102",
    pages = "809--816",
}
@inproceedings{stoyanov-cardie-2008-topic,
    title = "Topic Identification for Fine-Grained Opinion Analysis",
    author = "Stoyanov, Veselin  and
      Cardie, Claire",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1103",
    pages = "817--824",
}
@inproceedings{su-markert-2008-words,
    title = "From Words to Senses: A Case Study of Subjectivity Recognition",
    author = "Su, Fangzhong  and
      Markert, Katja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1104",
    pages = "825--832",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2008-prediction,
    title = "Prediction of Maximal Projection for Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Sun, Weiwei  and
      Sui, Zhifang  and
      Wang, Haifeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1105",
    pages = "833--840",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2008-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Latent-Dynamic in Shallow Parsing: A Latent Conditional Model with Improved Inference",
    author = "Sun, Xu  and
      Morency, Louis-Philippe  and
      Okanohara, Daisuke  and
      Tsuruoka, Yoshimasa  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1106",
    pages = "841--848",
}
@inproceedings{szpektor-dagan-2008-learning,
    title = "Learning Entailment Rules for Unary Templates",
    author = "Szpektor, Idan  and
      Dagan, Ido",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1107",
    pages = "849--856",
}
@inproceedings{tatu-srikanth-2008-experiments,
    title = "Experiments with Reasoning for Temporal Relations between Events",
    author = "Tatu, Marta  and
      Srikanth, Munirathnam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1108",
    pages = "857--864",
}
@inproceedings{tetreault-chodorow-2008-ups,
    title = "The Ups and Downs of Preposition Error Detection in {ESL} Writing",
    author = "Tetreault, Joel R.  and
      Chodorow, Martin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1109",
    pages = "865--872",
}
@inproceedings{thadani-mckeown-2008-framework,
    title = "A Framework for Identifying Textual Redundancy",
    author = "Thadani, Kapil  and
      McKeown, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1110",
    pages = "873--880",
}
@inproceedings{tokuhisa-etal-2008-emotion,
    title = "Emotion Classification Using Massive Examples Extracted from the Web",
    author = "Tokuhisa, Ryoko  and
      Inui, Kentaro  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1111",
    pages = "881--888",
}
@inproceedings{tsarfaty-simaan-2008-relational,
    title = "Relational-Realizational Parsing",
    author = "Tsarfaty, Reut  and
      Sima{'}an, Khalil",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1112",
    pages = "889--896",
}
@inproceedings{tsuboi-etal-2008-training,
    title = "Training Conditional Random Fields Using Incomplete Annotations",
    author = "Tsuboi, Yuta  and
      Kashima, Hisashi  and
      Mori, Shinsuke  and
      Oda, Hiroki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1113",
    pages = "897--904",
}
@inproceedings{turney-2008-uniform,
    title = "A Uniform Approach to Analogies, Synonyms, Antonyms, and Associations",
    author = "Turney, Peter",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1114",
    pages = "905--912",
}
@inproceedings{ueffing-etal-2008-tighter,
    title = "Tighter Integration of Rule-Based and Statistical {MT} in Serial System Combination",
    author = {Ueffing, Nicola  and
      Stephan, Jens  and
      Matusov, Evgeny  and
      Dugast, Lo{\"\i}c  and
      Foster, George  and
      Kuhn, Roland  and
      Senellart, Jean  and
      Yang, Jin},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1115",
    pages = "913--920",
}
@inproceedings{van-durme-etal-2008-class,
    title = "Class-Driven Attribute Extraction",
    author = "Van Durme, Benjamin  and
      Qian, Ting  and
      Schubert, Lenhart",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1116",
    pages = "921--928",
}
@inproceedings{van-de-cruys-2008-using,
    title = "Using Three Way Data for Word Sense Discrimination",
    author = "Van de Cruys, Tim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1117",
    pages = "929--936",
}
@inproceedings{van-halteren-2008-source,
    title = "Source Language Markers in {EUROPARL} Translations",
    author = "van Halteren, Hans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1118",
    pages = "937--944",
}
@inproceedings{veale-hao-2008-fluid,
    title = "A Fluid Knowledge Representation for Understanding and Generating Creative Metaphors",
    author = "Veale, Tony  and
      Hao, Yanfen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1119",
    pages = "945--952",
}
@inproceedings{verberne-etal-2008-using,
    title = "Using Syntactic Information for Improving Why-Question Answering",
    author = "Verberne, Suzan  and
      Boves, Lou  and
      Oostdijk, Nelleke  and
      Coppen, Peter-Arno",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1120",
    pages = "953--960",
}
@inproceedings{versley-etal-2008-coreference,
    title = "Coreference Systems Based on Kernels Methods",
    author = "Versley, Yannick  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro  and
      Poesio, Massimo  and
      Yang, Xiaofeng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1121",
    pages = "961--968",
}
@inproceedings{wan-xiao-2008-collabrank,
    title = "{C}ollab{R}ank: Towards a Collaborative Approach to Single-Document Keyphrase Extraction",
    author = "Wan, Xiaojun  and
      Xiao, Jianguo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1122",
    pages = "969--976",
}
@inproceedings{webb-liu-2008-investigating,
    title = "Investigating the Portability of Corpus-Derived Cue Phrases for Dialogue Act Classification",
    author = "Webb, Nick  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1123",
    pages = "977--984",
}
@inproceedings{wong-etal-2008-extractive,
    title = "Extractive Summarization Using Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learning",
    author = "Wong, Kam-Fai  and
      Wu, Mingli  and
      Li, Wenjie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1124",
    pages = "985--992",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2008-domain,
    title = "Domain Adaptation for Statistical Machine Translation with Domain Dictionary and Monolingual Corpora",
    author = "Wu, Hua  and
      Wang, Haifeng  and
      Zong, Chengqing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1125",
    pages = "993--1000",
}
@inproceedings{wunsch-2008-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Graph Structure for Accelerating the Calculation of Shortest Paths in Wordnets",
    author = "Wunsch, Holger",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1126",
    pages = "1001--1008",
}
@inproceedings{xiong-etal-2008-linguistically,
    title = "Linguistically Annotated {BTG} for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Xiong, Deyi  and
      Zhang, Min  and
      Aw, Aiti  and
      Li, Haizhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1127",
    pages = "1009--1016",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2008-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Semi-Supervised {C}hinese Word Segmentation for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Xu, Jia  and
      Gao, Jianfeng  and
      Toutanova, Kristina  and
      Ney, Hermann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1128",
    pages = "1017--1024",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2008-switching,
    title = "Switching to Real-Time Tasks in Multi-Tasking Dialogue",
    author = "Yang, Fan  and
      Heeman, Peter A.  and
      Kun, Andrew",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1129",
    pages = "1025--1032",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2008-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Term Extraction Using Minimal Resources",
    author = "Yang, Yuhang  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1130",
    pages = "1033--1040",
}
@inproceedings{yencken-baldwin-2008-measuring,
    title = "Measuring and Predicting Orthographic Associations: Modelling the Similarity of {J}apanese Kanji",
    author = "Yencken, Lars  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1131",
    pages = "1041--1048",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2008-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Dependency Parsing with Large Scale Automatically Constructed Case Structures",
    author = "Yu, Kun  and
      Kawahara, Daisuke  and
      Kurohashi, Sadao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1132",
    pages = "1049--1056",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2008-ontonotes,
    title = "{O}nto{N}otes: Corpus Cleanup of Mistaken Agreement Using Word Sense Disambiguation",
    author = "Yu, Liang-Chih  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1133",
    pages = "1057--1064",
}
@inproceedings{yu-lam-2008-integrated,
    title = "An Integrated Probabilistic and Logic Approach to Encyclopedia Relation Extraction with Multiple Features",
    author = "Yu, Xiaofeng  and
      Lam, Wai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1134",
    pages = "1065--1072",
}
@inproceedings{zagibalov-carroll-2008-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Seed Word Selection for Unsupervised Sentiment Classification of {C}hinese Text",
    author = "Zagibalov, Taras  and
      Carroll, John",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1135",
    pages = "1073--1080",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2008-extracting,
    title = "Extracting Synchronous Grammar Rules From Word-Level Alignments in Linear Time",
    author = "Zhang, Hao  and
      Gildea, Daniel  and
      Chiang, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1136",
    pages = "1081--1088",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2008-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Type Based Reordering Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Zong, Chengqing  and
      Li, Shoushan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1137",
    pages = "1089--1096",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2008-grammar,
    title = "Grammar Comparison Study for Translational Equivalence Modeling and Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Zhang, Min  and
      Jiang, Hongfei  and
      Li, Haizhou  and
      Aw, Aiti  and
      Li, Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1138",
    pages = "1097--1104",
}
@inproceedings{zhechev-way-2008-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Generation of Parallel Treebanks",
    author = "Zhechev, Ventsislav  and
      Way, Andy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1139",
    pages = "1105--1112",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-he-2008-hybrid,
    title = "A Hybrid Generative/Discriminative Framework to Train a Semantic Parser from an Un-annotated Corpus",
    author = "Zhou, Deyu  and
      He, Yulan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1140",
    pages = "1113--1120",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2008-diagnostic,
    title = "Diagnostic Evaluation of Machine Translation Systems Using Automatically Constructed Linguistic Check-Points",
    author = "Zhou, Ming  and
      Wang, Bo  and
      Liu, Shujie  and
      Li, Mu  and
      Zhang, Dongdong  and
      Zhao, Tiejun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1141",
    pages = "1121--1128",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2008-multi,
    title = "Multi-Criteria-Based Strategy to Stop Active Learning for Data Annotation",
    author = "Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Wang, Huizhen  and
      Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1142",
    pages = "1129--1136",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2008-active,
    title = "Active Learning with Sampling by Uncertainty and Density for Word Sense Disambiguation and Text Classification",
    author = "Zhu, Jingbo  and
      Wang, Huizhen  and
      Yao, Tianshun  and
      Tsou, Benjamin K",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1143",
    pages = "1137--1144",
}
@inproceedings{zollmann-etal-2008-systematic,
    title = "A Systematic Comparison of Phrase-Based, Hierarchical and Syntax-Augmented Statistical {MT}",
    author = "Zollmann, Andreas  and
      Venugopal, Ashish  and
      Och, Franz  and
      Ponte, Jay",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1144",
    pages = "1145--1152",
}
@inproceedings{zwarts-dras-2008-choosing,
    title = "Choosing the Right Translation: A Syntactically Informed Classification Approach",
    author = "Zwarts, Simon  and
      Dras, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1145",
    pages = "1153--1160",
}
@proceedings{coling-2008-coling,
    title = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    author = "Scott, Donia  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2000",
}
@inproceedings{agerri-2008-metaphor,
    title = "Metaphor in Textual Entailment",
    author = "Agerri, Rodrigo",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2001",
    pages = "3--6",
}
@inproceedings{asher-etal-2008-distilling,
    title = "Distilling Opinion in Discourse: A Preliminary Study",
    author = "Asher, Nicholas  and
      Benamara, Farah  and
      Mathieu, Yvette Yannick",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2002",
    pages = "7--10",
}
@inproceedings{atterer-etal-2008-towards,
    title = "Towards Incremental End-of-Utterance Detection in Dialogue Systems",
    author = "Atterer, Michaela  and
      Baumann, Timo  and
      Schlangen, David",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2003",
    pages = "11--14",
}
@inproceedings{bansal-etal-2008-power,
    title = "The Power of Negative Thinking: Exploiting Label Disagreement in the Min-cut Classification Framework",
    author = "Bansal, Mohit  and
      Cardie, Claire  and
      Lee, Lillian",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2004",
    pages = "15--18",
}
@inproceedings{blackwood-etal-2008-phrasal,
    title = "Phrasal Segmentation Models for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Blackwood, Graeme  and
      de Gispert, Adri{\`a}  and
      Byrne, William",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2005",
    pages = "19--22",
}
@inproceedings{boudin-etal-2008-scalable,
    title = "A Scalable {MMR} Approach to Sentence Scoring for Multi-Document Update Summarization",
    author = "Boudin, Florian  and
      El-B{\`e}ze, Marc  and
      Torres-Moreno, Juan-Manuel",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2006",
    pages = "23--26",
}
@inproceedings{chakrabarti-etal-2008-hindi,
    title = "{H}indi Compound Verbs and their Automatic Extraction",
    author = "Chakrabarti, Debasri  and
      Mandalia, Hemang  and
      Priya, Ritwik  and
      Sarma, Vaijayanthi  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2007",
    pages = "27--30",
}
@inproceedings{diaz-de-ilarraza-etal-2008-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Erroneous Uses of Complex Postpositions in an Agglutinative Language",
    author = "D{\'\i}az de Ilarraza, Arantza  and
      Gojenola, Koldo  and
      Oronoz, Maite",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2008",
    pages = "31--34",
}
@inproceedings{egg-regneri-2008-underspecified,
    title = "Underspecified Modelling of Complex Discourse Constraints",
    author = "Egg, Markus  and
      Regneri, Michaela",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2009",
    pages = "35--38",
}
@inproceedings{hamon-mostefa-2008-impact,
    title = "The Impact of Reference Quality on Automatic {MT} Evaluation",
    author = "Hamon, Olivier  and
      Mostefa, Djamel",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2010",
    pages = "39--42",
}
@inproceedings{hatori-etal-2008-word,
    title = "Word Sense Disambiguation for All Words using Tree-Structured Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Hatori, Jun  and
      Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2011",
    pages = "43--46",
}
@inproceedings{ji-pulman-2008-ilp,
    title = "{ILP}-based Conceptual Analysis for {C}hinese {NP}s",
    author = "Ji, Paul D.  and
      Pulman, Stephen G.",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2012",
    pages = "47--50",
}
@inproceedings{langlais-yvon-2008-scaling,
    title = "Scaling up Analogical Learning",
    author = "Langlais, Philippe  and
      Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2013",
    pages = "51--54",
}
@inproceedings{lardilleux-lepage-2008-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Alignments by Monolingual String Differences",
    author = "Lardilleux, Adrien  and
      Lepage, Yves",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2014",
    pages = "55--58",
}
@inproceedings{misu-kawahara-2008-bayes,
    title = "{B}ayes Risk-based Dialogue Management for Document Retrieval System with Speech Interface",
    author = "Misu, Teruhisa  and
      Kawahara, Tatsuya",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2015",
    pages = "59--62",
}
@inproceedings{miyao-tsujii-2008-exact,
    title = "Exact Inference for Multi-label Classification using Sparse Graphical Models",
    author = "Miyao, Yusuke  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2016",
    pages = "63--66",
}
@inproceedings{montiel-ponsoda-etal-2008-modelling,
    title = "Modelling Multilinguality in Ontologies",
    author = "Montiel-Ponsoda, Elena  and
      Aguado de Cea, Guadalupe  and
      G{\'o}mez-P{\'e}rez, Asunci{\'o}n  and
      Peters, Wim",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2017",
    pages = "67--70",
}
@inproceedings{niemi-koskenniemi-2008-quantification,
    title = "Quantification and Implication in Semantic Calendar Expressions Represented with Finite-State Transducers",
    author = "Niemi, Jyrki  and
      Koskenniemi, Kimmo",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2018",
    pages = "71--74",
}
@inproceedings{pang-lee-2008-using,
    title = "Using Very Simple Statistics for Review Search: An Exploration",
    author = "Pang, Bo  and
      Lee, Lillian",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2019",
    pages = "75--78",
}
@inproceedings{paris-etal-2008-generation,
    title = "Generation under Space Constraints",
    author = "Paris, C{\'e}cile  and
      Colineau, Nathalie  and
      Lampert, Andrew  and
      Giralt Duran, Joan",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2020",
    pages = "79--82",
}
@inproceedings{paukkeri-etal-2008-language,
    title = "A Language-Independent Approach to Keyphrase Extraction and Evaluation",
    author = {Paukkeri, Mari-Sanna  and
      Nieminen, Ilari T.  and
      P{\"o}ll{\"a}, Matti  and
      Honkela, Timo},
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2021",
    pages = "83--86",
}
@inproceedings{pitler-etal-2008-easily,
    title = "Easily Identifiable Discourse Relations",
    author = "Pitler, Emily  and
      Raghupathy, Mridhula  and
      Mehta, Hena  and
      Nenkova, Ani  and
      Lee, Alan  and
      Joshi, Aravind",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2022",
    pages = "87--90",
}
@inproceedings{popescu-dinu-2008-rank,
    title = "Rank Distance as a Stylistic Similarity",
    author = "Popescu, Marius  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2023",
    pages = "91--94",
}
@inproceedings{pustejovsky-moszkowicz-2008-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Motion Predicate Classes with Spatial and Temporal Annotations",
    author = "Pustejovsky, James  and
      Moszkowicz, Jessica L.",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2024",
    pages = "95--98",
}
@inproceedings{sogaard-2008-weak,
    title = "On the Weak Generative Capacity of Weighted Context-free Grammars",
    author = "S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2025",
    pages = "99--102",
}
@inproceedings{sogaard-2008-range,
    title = "Range Concatenation Grammars for Translation",
    author = "S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2026",
    pages = "103--106",
}
@inproceedings{sawalha-atwell-2008-comparative,
    title = "Comparative Evaluation of {A}rabic Language Morphological Analysers and Stemmers",
    author = "Sawalha, Majdi  and
      Atwell, Eric",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2027",
    pages = "107--110",
}
@inproceedings{sjobergh-araki-2008-complete,
    title = "A Complete and Modestly Funny System for Generating and Performing {J}apanese Stand-Up Comedy",
    author = {Sj{\"o}bergh, Jonas  and
      Araki, Kenji},
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2028",
    pages = "111--114",
}
@inproceedings{spanger-etal-2008-redundancy,
    title = "On {``}Redundancy{''} in Selecting Attributes for Generating Referring Expressions",
    author = "Spanger, Philipp  and
      Kurosawa, Takehiro  and
      Tokunaga, Takenobu",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2029",
    pages = "115--118",
}
@inproceedings{tohyama-etal-2008-construction,
    title = "Construction of an Infrastructure for Providing Users with Suitable Language Resources",
    author = "Tohyama, Hitomi  and
      Kozawa, Shunsuke  and
      Uchimoto, Kiyotaka  and
      Matsubara, Shigeki  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2030",
    pages = "119--122",
}
@inproceedings{tongchim-etal-2008-experiments,
    title = "Experiments in Base-{NP} Chunking and Its Role in Dependency Parsing for {T}hai",
    author = "Tongchim, Shisanu  and
      Sornlertlamvanich, Virach  and
      Isahara, Hitoshi",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2031",
    pages = "123--126",
}
@inproceedings{tsunakawa-etal-2008-building,
    title = "Building a Bilingual Lexicon Using Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation via a Pivot Language",
    author = "Tsunakawa, Takashi  and
      Okazaki, Naoaki  and
      Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2032",
    pages = "127--130",
}
@inproceedings{vyas-pantel-2008-explaining,
    title = "Explaining Similarity of Terms",
    author = "Vyas, Vishnu  and
      Pantel, Patrick",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2033",
    pages = "131--134",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2008-robust,
    title = "Robust and Efficient {C}hinese Word Dependency Analysis with Linear Kernel Support Vector Machines",
    author = "Wu, Yu-Chieh  and
      Yang, Jie-Chi  and
      Lee, Yue-Shi",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2034",
    pages = "135--138",
}
@inproceedings{yousfi-monod-prince-2008-sentence,
    title = "Sentence Compression as a Step in Summarization or an Alternative Path in Text Shortening",
    author = "Yousfi-Monod, Mehdi  and
      Prince, Violaine",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Posters",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-2035",
    pages = "139--142",
}
@proceedings{coling-2008-coling-2008,
    title = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    author = "Ramsay, Allan  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3000",
}
@inproceedings{atkinson-etal-2008-online,
    title = "Online-Monitoring of Security-Related Events",
    author = "Atkinson, Martin  and
      Piskorski, Jakub  and
      Pouliquen, Bruno  and
      Steinberger, Ralf  and
      Tanev, Hristo  and
      Zavarella, Vanni",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3001",
    pages = "145--148",
}
@inproceedings{gill-lehal-2008-grammar,
    title = "A Grammar Checking System for {P}unjabi",
    author = "Gill, Mandeep Singh  and
      Lehal, Gurpreet Singh",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3002",
    pages = "149--152",
}
@inproceedings{guillaume-etal-2008-toolchain,
    title = "A Toolchain for Grammarians",
    author = {Guillaume, Bruno  and
      Le Roux, Joseph  and
      Marchand, Jonathan  and
      Perrier, Guy  and
      Fort, Kar{\"e}n  and
      Planul, Jennifer},
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3003",
    pages = "153--156",
}
@inproceedings{josan-lehal-2008-punjabi,
    title = "A {P}unjabi To {H}indi Machine Translation System",
    author = "Josan, Gurpreet Singh  and
      Lehal, Gurpreet Singh",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3004",
    pages = "157--160",
}
@inproceedings{lemon-etal-2008-build,
    title = "{``}Build Your Own{''} Spoken Dialogue Systems: Automatically Generating {ISU} Dialogue Systems from Business User Resources",
    author = "Lemon, Oliver  and
      Liu, Xingkun  and
      Hastie, Helen",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3005",
    pages = "161--164",
}
@inproceedings{paul-etal-2008-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Mobile-Phone Translation Services for World Travelers",
    author = "Paul, Michael  and
      Okuma, Hideo  and
      Yamamoto, Hirofumi  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro  and
      Matsuda, Shigeki  and
      Shimizu, Tohru  and
      Nakamura, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3006",
    pages = "165--168",
}
@inproceedings{ruiz-rico-etal-2008-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Assistant for Medical Diagnosing and Drug Prescription Based on Category Ranking",
    author = "Ruiz-Rico, Fernando  and
      Vicedo, Jose-Luis  and
      Rubio-S{\'a}nchez, Mar{\'\i}a-Consuelo",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3007",
    pages = "169--172",
}
@inproceedings{sacaleanu-etal-2008-entailment,
    title = "Entailment-based Question Answering for Structured Data",
    author = "Sacaleanu, Bogdan  and
      Orasan, Constantin  and
      Spurk, Christian  and
      Ou, Shiyan  and
      Ferrandez, Oscar  and
      Kouylekov, Milen  and
      Negri, Matteo",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3008",
    pages = "173--176",
}
@inproceedings{saini-etal-2008-shahmukhi,
    title = "Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration System",
    author = "Saini, Tejinder Singh  and
      Lehal, Gurpreet Singh  and
      Kalra, Virinder S",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3009",
    pages = "177--180",
}
@inproceedings{sekine-2008-linguistic,
    title = "A Linguistic Knowledge Discovery Tool: Very Large Ngram Database Search with Arbitrary Wildcards",
    author = "Sekine, Satoshi",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3010",
    pages = "181--184",
}
@inproceedings{venant-2008-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Visualization and Meaning Computation",
    author = "Venant, Fabienne",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3011",
    pages = "185--188",
}
@inproceedings{verhagen-pustejovsky-2008-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Processing with the {TARSQI} Toolkit",
    author = "Verhagen, Marc  and
      Pustejovsky, James",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Companion volume: Demonstrations",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-3012",
    pages = "189--192",
}
@proceedings{coling-2008-coling-2008-educational,
    title = "Coling 2008: Educational Natural Language Processing - Tutorial notes",
    author = "Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Bernhard, Delphine",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-4000",
}
@inproceedings{gurevych-bernhard-2008-enlp,
    title = "{ENLP} Tutorial Notes {--} Slides",
    author = "Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Bernhard, Delphine",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Educational Natural Language Processing - Tutorial notes",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-4001",
    pages = "1--52",
}
@inproceedings{gurevych-bernhard-2008-enlp-tutorial,
    title = "{ENLP} Tutorial Notes {--} References",
    author = "Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Bernhard, Delphine",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Educational Natural Language Processing - Tutorial notes",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-4002",
    pages = "53--59",
}
@proceedings{coling-2008-coling-2008-advanced,
    title = "Coling 2008: Advanced Dynamic Programming in Computational Linguistics: Theory, Algorithms and Applications - Tutorial notes",
    author = "Huang, Liang",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-5000",
}
@inproceedings{huang-2008-advanced,
    title = "Advanced Dynamic Programming in Semiring and Hypergraph Frameworks",
    author = "Huang, Liang",
    booktitle = "Coling 2008: Advanced Dynamic Programming in Computational Linguistics: Theory, Algorithms and Applications - Tutorial notes",
    month = aug,
    year = "2008",
    address = "Manchester, UK",
    publisher = "Coling 2008 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-5001",
    pages = "1--18",
}
@article{cl-1975-american,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (April 1975)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = apr,
    year = "1975",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 1",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = apr,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 15",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-1001",
    abstract = "Editorial Review: Experimental Procedure; Information Retrieval Course (Gerard Salton); Linguistics Summer School (Alex Auswaks); Indexing Seminar (E. H. Brenner); Document Access System Proposed; Current Bibliography; Membership Directory 1974; 2nd {US}-{J}apan Travel Package; {SOLAR} Bibliography on {ARPA} Network",
}
@article{fisher-engebretson-1975-simple,
    title = "Simple Digital Speech Synthesis",
    author = "Fisher, William M.  and
      Engebretson, A. Maynard",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = apr,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 16",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-1002",
}
@article{cl-1975-american-journal,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (July 1975)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite-string,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 2",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 17",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2001",
    pages = "1--20",
    abstract = "Personal Notes; {COLING} 76 - Sixth International Conference on {CL} (Guy Rondeau); Letters - {Y}orick {W}ilks on {LOGOS} {MT} (Fondazione Dalle Molle); Awards - {AFIPS} honors {I}verson, {A}strahan; {NSF} - {C}hapin New Program Officer For Linguistics; {ACM} - {F}orsythe Student Paper Competition; National Computer Conference 1976 - Hammer, Winkler; {AAAS} Section {T} - new name, fellowship program (Joseph Becker); {O}ttawa Linguistics Documentation Centre (Thomas R. Hofmann); {MT} and {MAT} - list of systems and centers (Herbert Bruderer); {NFAIS} officers for 1975 (Ben H. Weil); Abstracting and Indexing - World Inventory of Services (Gaye Hofsman; Toni Carbo Bearman)",
}
@article{chauche-1975-atef,
    title = "The {ATEF} and {CETA} Systems",
    author = "Chauche, J.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 17",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2002",
    pages = "21--40",
}
@article{graham-jr-1975-conceptual,
    title = "Conceptual Analysis: Inventory and Analysis of Terminology in Political Science",
    author = "Graham, Jr., George J.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 17",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2003",
    pages = "41--46",
}
@article{hanon-etal-1975-report,
    title = "A Report on the Tutorial on Computational Semantics, Institute for Semantics and Cognitive Studies, {V}illa {H}eleneum, {L}ugano-{C}astagnola",
    author = "HANON, Suzanne  and
      KOCH, Gregers  and
      S{\O}NDERGAARD, Georg",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 17",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2004",
    pages = "47--69",
}
@article{dreizin-1975-formulae,
    title = "{``}Formulae{''} in Coherent Text: Linguistic Relevance of Symbolic Insertions",
    author = "Dreizin, Felix",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 17",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2005",
    pages = "70--85",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite-string-volume,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 2 (continued)",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 17",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2006",
    pages = "86--95",
    abstract = "{AFIPS} Constituent Societies - Purposes, Membership Requirements, Activities, Publications, Dues, Addresses",
}
@article{simmons-bennett-novak-1975-semantically,
    title = "Semantically Analyzing an {E}nglish Subset for the Clowns Microworld",
    author = "Simmons, Robert F.  and
      Bennett-Novak, Gordon",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 18",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2007",
}
@article{moran-1975-case,
    title = "A Case History in Computer Exploration of Fast Speech Rules",
    author = "Moran, Douglas B.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 19",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2008",
}
@article{ljudskanov-1975-summaries,
    title = "Summaries of Contributions to the First National Conference on the Application of Mathematical Models and Computers in Linguistics (Part I: Roman Alphabet Contributions)",
    author = "Ljudskanov, A.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 20",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2009",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite-string-volume-12,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 3",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 21",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2010",
    pages = "1",
}
@article{klinger-1975-recent,
    title = "Recent Computer Science Research in Natural Language Processing",
    author = "KLINGER, Allen",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 21",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2011",
    pages = "2--25",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite-string-volume-12-number,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 3, continued",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 21",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-2012",
    pages = "26--91",
}
@article{cl-1975-american-journal-linguistics,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (September 1975)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite-string-volume-12-number-4,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 4",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 22",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3001",
    pages = "1--52",
    abstract = "{ACL} Nominating Committee (William A. Woods Jr; Robert Simmons; Robert Barnes); 13th Annual Meeting: Abstracts of Papers (Tim Diller; Jon Allen; Joyce Friedman; Bonnie Nash-Webber; Chuck Rieger); {ASIS} Annual Meeting (Ruth Tighe); {ACM} Annual Conference; {SOLAR} Project Terminates--{APRA} Support Ends (Dr. Tim Diller); Energy Inofrmation Tools: {IIA}-{NFAIS} Workshop (Paul Zurkowski); {MT}: {C}hinese Journals Offered on Subscription from {H}ong {K}ong (Shiu Chang Loh); Librarian of Congress: {ASIS} telegram to President {F}ord (Joshua I. Smith); Bibliography on Semantics and Cognition at {C}astagnola (Fondazine Dalle Molle) Recent Publications",
}
@article{dunn-1975-review,
    title = "Review: \textit{ {W}ord {O}rder and {W}ord {O}rder {C}hange}, by {C}harles {N}. {L}i, Editor",
    author = "Dunn, James M.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 22",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3002",
    pages = "53--77",
}
@article{carroll-1975-review,
    title = "Review: \textit{ {I}nformal {S}peech: {A}lphabetic and {P}honemic {T}exts with {S}tatistical {A}nalyses and {T}ables}, by {E}dward {C}. {C}arterette and {M}argaret {H}ubbard {J}ones",
    author = "Carroll, John B.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 22",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3003",
    pages = "78--91",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite-string-volume-12-number-4-continued,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 4 (continued)",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 22",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3004",
    pages = "92",
    abstract = "Personal Notes",
}
@article{linn-jr-reitman-1975-autonote2,
    title = "{AUTONOTE}2: Network Mediated Natural Language Communication in a Personal Information Retrieval System",
    author = "Linn, Jr., William E.  and
      Reitman, Walter",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 23",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3005",
}
@article{palme-1975-sqap,
    title = "The {SQAP} Data Base for Natural Language Information",
    author = "Palme, Jacob",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 24",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3006",
}
@article{sampson-1975-natural,
    title = "Natural Language as a Special Case of Programming Languages",
    author = "Sampson, Geoffrey",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 25",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3007",
}
@article{lytel-etal-1975-junction,
    title = "{J}unction {G}rammar as a Base for Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Lytel, Eldon G.  and
      Packard, Dennis  and
      Gibb, Daryl  and
      Melby, Alan K.  and
      Billings, Jr., Floyd H.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 26",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3008",
}
@article{reimold-1975-formal,
    title = "A Formal Psycholinguistic Model of Sentence Comprehension",
    author = "Reimold, Peter",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 27",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3009",
}
@article{ljudskanov-1975-summaries-contributions,
    title = "Summaries of Contributions to the First National Conference on the Application of Mathematical Models and Computers in Linguistics (Part II: Russian Language Contributions)",
    author = "Ljudskanov, A.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 28",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-3010",
}
@article{cl-1975-american-journal-linguistics-november,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (November 1975)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite-string-volume-12-number-5,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 5",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 29",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4001",
    pages = "1--24",
    abstract = "{ACL} Officers 1976 (Stanley R. Petrick); {ACL} Executive Committee Meeting (Joshi); {ACL} Financial Report (A. Hood Roberts); Personal Notes; {NSF}: Reorganization (Dr. Edward Creutz); {MT}: Latsec Shows in {Z}urich (M.r Herbert Bruderer); {XII} th International Congress of Linguistics (Wolfgang U Dressler); {ACM} Conference - Employment Register (Orrin E. Taulbee); Compcom 76 (Edward E. David Jr; J. Presper Eckert); Cybernetics and Systems Research (Schottengasse); Literary and Linguistic Computing (J. M. Smith); {C}harles {S}. {P}eirce Society (Carolyn Eisele); Computer Applications to Learning; Historical Linguistics (William Christie); Short Announcements and Reminders; {ACLS}: {S}oviet Studies East {E}uropean Languages; Special Libraries Association Scholarships; Acknowledgement (Allen Klinger)",
}
@article{self-1975-computer,
    title = "Computer Generation of Sentences by Systemic Grammar",
    author = "Self, John",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 29",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4002",
    pages = "25--45",
}
@article{hofmann-1975-interpretation,
    title = "Interpretation and Integration of Sentences into a {C}-Net",
    author = "Hofmann, Th. R.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 29",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4003",
    pages = "46--66",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite-string-volume-12-number-6,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 6",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 30",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4004",
    pages = "1--2",
}
@article{hols-burrows-1975-review,
    title = "Review: \textit{ {C}omputers in the {H}umanities}, by {J}. {L}. {M}itchell, Editor",
    author = "Hols, Edith J.  and
      Burrows, Dan",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 30",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4005",
    pages = "3--16",
}
@article{nn-1975-finite-string-volume-12-number-6-continued,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 12, Number 6 (continued)",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 30",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4006",
    pages = "17--82",
    abstract = "Speech Understanding Research Report, {SRI} (Donald E. Walker); {M}ichigan Early Modern {E}nglish Materials (Richard W. Bailey; James W. Downer; Jay L. Robinson; Patricia V. Lehman; Voice Response Papers at {C}ompcom 75 (Donald A. Biggar); {NFAIS} Reports and Chart; {NYU} Linguistic String Project: Bibliography; Multiple-Valued Logic: Proceedings, Tables of Contents; Artificial Intelligence In {P}oland: Bibliography 1972-1974; Current Bibliography (Januez Stanislaw Bien); {AFIPS} Press Catalog",
}
@article{taylor-rosenberg-1975-case,
    title = "A Case-Driven Parser for Natural Language",
    author = "Taylor, Brock H.  and
      Rosenberg, Richard S.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 31",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4007",
}
@article{diller-1975-proceedings,
    title = "Proceedings, 13th Annual Meeting, Association for Computational Linguistics (1: Language Understanding Systems)",
    editor = "Diller, Timothy C.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 32",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4008",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@article{fabens-1975-pedaglot,
    title = "{PEDAGLOT} and Understanding Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Fabens, William",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 32",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4009",
    pages = "9--20",
}
@article{hobbs-1975-general,
    title = "A General System for Semantic Analysis of {E}nglish and its Use in Drawing Maps from Directions",
    author = "Hobbs, Jerry R.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 32",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4010",
    pages = "21--41",
}
@article{miller-1975-adaptive,
    title = "An Adaptive Natural Language Parser",
    author = "Miller, Perry L.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 32",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4011",
    pages = "42--56",
}
@article{martin-1975-conceptual,
    title = "Conceptual Grammar [abstract]",
    author = "Martin, William A.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 32",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4012",
    pages = "57",
}
@article{burger-etal-1975-semantic,
    title = "Semantic-Based Parsing and a Natural-Language Interface for Interactive Data Management",
    author = "Burger, John F.  and
      Leal, Antonio  and
      Shoshani, Arie",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 32",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4013",
    pages = "58--71",
}
@article{medema-etal-1975-phliqa,
    title = "{PHLIQA} 1: Multilevel Semantics in Question Answering",
    author = "Medema, P.  and
      Bronnenberg, W. J.  and
      Bunt, H. C.  and
      Landsbergen, S. P. J.  and
      Scha, R. J. H.  and
      Schoenmakers, W. J.  and
      van Utteren, E. P. C.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 32",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4014",
    pages = "72--86",
}
@article{diller-1975-proceedings-13th,
    title = "Proceedings, 13th Annual Meeting, Association for Computational Linguistics (2: Language Generation Systems)",
    editor = "Diller, Timothy C.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 33",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4015",
    pages = "1--3",
}
@article{mcdonald-1975-framework,
    title = "A Framework for Writing Generation Grammars for Interactive Computer Programs",
    author = "McDonald, David",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 33",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4016",
    pages = "4--17",
}
@article{knaus-1975-incremental,
    title = "Incremental Sentence Processing",
    author = "Knaus, Rodger",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 33",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4017",
    pages = "18--32",
}
@article{rhyne-1975-lexical,
    title = "A Lexical Process Model of Nominal Compounding in {E}nglish",
    author = "Rhyne, James R.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 33",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4018",
    pages = "33--44",
}
@article{shapiro-1975-generation,
    title = "Generation as Parsing from a Network into a Linear String",
    author = "Shapiro, Stuart C.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 33",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4019",
    pages = "45--62",
}
@article{slocum-1975-speech,
    title = "Speech Generation from Semantic Nets",
    author = "Slocum, Jonathan",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 33",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4020",
    pages = "63--77",
}
@article{meehan-1975-using,
    title = "Using Planning Structures to Generate Stories",
    author = "Meehan, James R.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 33",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4021",
    pages = "78--94",
}
@article{diller-1975-proceedings-13th-annual,
    title = "Proceedings, 13th Annual Meeting, Association for Computational Linguistics (3: Parsing, Syntax, and Semantics)",
    editor = "Diller, Timothy C.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 34",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4022",
    pages = "1--3",
}
@article{bates-1975-syntactic,
    title = "Syntactic Processing in the {BBN} Speech Understanding System [abstract]",
    author = "Bates, Madeline",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 34",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4023",
    pages = "4",
}
@article{paxton-robinson-1975-system,
    title = "System Integration and Control in a Speech Understanding System",
    author = "Paxton, William H.  and
      Robinson, Ann E.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 34",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4024",
    pages = "5--18",
}
@article{robinson-1975-tuneable,
    title = "A Tuneable Performance Grammar",
    author = "Robinson, Jane J.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 34",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4025",
    pages = "19--33",
}
@article{hendrix-1975-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Processing for Speech Understanding",
    author = "Hendrix, Gary G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 34",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4026",
    pages = "34--48",
}
@article{sondheimer-perry-1975-sps,
    title = "{SPS}: A Formalism for Semantic Interpretation and its Use in Processing Prepositions that Reference Space",
    author = "Sondheimer, Norman K.  and
      Perry, Doyt",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 34",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4027",
    pages = "49--63",
}
@article{cercone-1975-nature,
    title = "The Nature and Computational Use of a Meaning Representation for Word Concepts",
    author = "Cercone, Nick",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 34",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4028",
    pages = "64--81",
}
@article{diller-1975-proceedings-13th-annual-meeting,
    title = "Proceedings, 13th Annual Meeting, Association for Computational Linguistics (4: Modeling Discourse and World Knowledge I)",
    editor = "Diller, Timothy C.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 35",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4029",
    pages = "1--3",
}
@article{deutsch-1975-establishing,
    title = "Establishing Context in Task-Oriented Dialogs",
    author = "Deutsch, Barbara G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 35",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4030",
    pages = "4--18",
}
@article{bruce-1975-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Models and Language Comprehension",
    author = "Bruce, Bertram C.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 35",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4031",
    pages = "19--35",
}
@article{phillips-1975-judging,
    title = "Judging the Coherency of Discourse",
    author = "Phillips, Brian",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 35",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4032",
    pages = "36--49",
}
@article{cullingford-1975-approach,
    title = "An Approach to the Organization of Mundane World Knowledge: The Generation and Management of Scripts",
    author = "Cullingford, R. E.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 35",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4033",
    pages = "50--69",
}
@article{badler-1975-conceptual,
    title = "The Conceptual Description of Physical Activities",
    author = "Badler, Norman",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 35",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4034",
    pages = "70--83",
}
@article{kegl-chinchor-1975-frame,
    title = "A Frame Analysis of {A}merican {S}ign {L}anguage",
    author = "Kegl, Judy Anne  and
      Chinchor, Nancy",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 35",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4035",
    pages = "84--96",
}
@article{diller-1975-proceedings-13th-annual-meeting-association,
    title = "Proceedings, 13th Annual Meeting, Association for Computational Linguistics (5: Modeling Discourse and World Knowledge II, and Text Analysis)",
    editor = "Diller, Timothy C.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 36",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4036",
    pages = "1--3",
}
@article{klappholz-lockman-1975-contextual,
    title = "Contextual Reference Resolution",
    author = "Klappholz, David  and
      Lockman, Abe",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 36",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4037",
    pages = "4--25",
}
@article{rosenschein-1975-system,
    title = "How Does a System Know When to Stop Inferencing?",
    author = "Rosenschein, Stan",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 36",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4038",
    pages = "26--39",
}
@article{beckles-etal-1975-developing,
    title = "Developing a Computer System to Handle Inherently Variable Linguistic Data",
    author = "Beckles, D.  and
      Carrington, L.  and
      Warner, G.  and
      Borely, C.  and
      Knight, H.  and
      Aquing, P.  and
      Marquez, J.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 36",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4039",
    pages = "40--51",
}
@article{brill-oshika-1975-natural,
    title = "A Natural Language Processing Package",
    author = "Brill, David  and
      Oshika, Beatrice T.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 36",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4040",
    pages = "52--66",
}
@article{salton-1975-role,
    title = "On the Role of Words and Phrases in Automatic Text Analysis [abstract]",
    author = "Salton, G",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = nov,
    year = "1975",
    note = "Microfiche 36",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J75-4041",
    pages = "67",
}
@article{anderson-sager-1975-grammatical,
    title = "Grammatical Compression in Notes and Records: Analysis and Computation",
    author = "Anderson, Barbara B.  and
      Sager, Naomi",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
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    year = "1975",
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@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2005-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    author = "Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung  and
      Lu, Wen-Hsiang",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2005-yi,
    title = "以支援向量機為基礎之新穎語者切換偵測演算法 (A Novel Algorithm for Speaker Change Detection Based on Support Vector Machine) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Jhing-Fa  and
      Lin, Po-Chuan  and
      Wang, Jia-Ching  and
      Sung, Hao-Ching",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1001",
    pages = "1--20",
}
@inproceedings{su-wang-2005-lu,
    title = "錄音資料中的語者切割與分群 (Speaker Segmentation and Clustering for the Recorded Speech) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Su, Chun-Ching  and
      Wang, Hsiao-Chuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1002",
    pages = "21--35",
}
@inproceedings{liao-etal-2005-jie,
    title = "結合聲學與韻律訊息之強健性語者辨認方法 (Combination of Acoustic and Prosodic Information for Robust Speaker Identification) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liao, Yuan-Fu  and
      Zhuang, Zhi-Xian  and
      Chen, Zi-He  and
      Juang, Yau-Tarng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1003",
    pages = "37--53",
}
@inproceedings{chang-wang-2005-yi,
    title = "以高斯混合模型表徵器與語言模型為基礎之語言辨認 (Language Identification based on {G}aussian Mixture Model Tokenizer and Language Model) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Zhi-Jie  and
      Wang, Hsiao-Chuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1004",
    pages = "55--68",
}
@inproceedings{chi-etal-2005-practical,
    title = "A Practical Passage-based Approach for {C}hinese Document Retrieval",
    author = "Chi, Szu-Yuan  and
      Hsiao, Chung-Li  and
      Chien, Lee-Feng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1005",
    pages = "69--78",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-su-2005-web,
    title = "Web Information Extraction for the Creation of Metadata in Semantic Web",
    author = "Yeh, Ching-Long  and
      Su, Yu-Chih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1006",
    pages = "79--97",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2005-yi,
    title = "以概念分群為基礎之新聞事件自動摘要 (Concept Cluster Based News Document Summarization) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Cheng-Chang  and
      Yhe, Jen-Yuan  and
      Ke, Hao-Ren  and
      Yang, Wei-Pang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1007",
    pages = "99--111",
}
@inproceedings{cheng-liang-2005-zhong,
    title = "中文句子相似度之計算與應用 ({C}hinese Sentence Similarity Computing and Appling) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Cheng, Shoou-Yi  and
      Liang, Tyne",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1008",
    pages = "113--124",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-chen-2005-ri,
    title = "日本學生學習華語的聲調偏誤分析:以二字調為例 (Tonal errors of {J}apanese students learning {C}hinese: A study of disyllabic words) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Zhang, Ke-Jia  and
      Chen, Li-Mei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1009",
    pages = "125--139",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2005-fast,
    title = "{FAST}：電腦輔助英文文法出題系統 ({FAST}: Free Assistant of Structural Tests) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Chia-Yin  and
      Ko, Ming Hsien  and
      Wu, Tzu-Wei  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1010",
    pages = "155--163",
}
@inproceedings{tang-etal-2005-ying,
    title = "應用錯誤型態分析於英語發音輔助學習 ({E}nglish pronunciation assisted learning using error type analysis) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tang, She-Ming  and
      Chuang, Ze-Jing  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1011",
    pages = "165--182",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2005-shi,
    title = "使用韻律階層及大量詞彙的中文文轉音系統 (A {M}andarin Text-to-Speech System Using Prosodic Hierarchy and a Large Number of Words) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yu, Ming-Shing  and
      Zhang, Tang-Yu  and
      Shiu, Tsan-Huang  and
      Tsai, Yu-Her",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1012",
    pages = "183--202",
}
@inproceedings{pao-etal-2005-emotion,
    title = "Emotion Recognition and Evaluation of {M}andarin Speech Using Weighted D-{KNN} Classification",
    author = "Pao, Tsang-Long  and
      Chen, Yu-Te  and
      Yeh, Jun-Heng  and
      Chang, Yuan-Hao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1013",
    pages = "203--212",
}
@inproceedings{gu-huang-2005-min,
    title = "閩南語語句基週軌跡產生: 兩種模型之混合與比較 (Min-Nan Sentence Pitch-contour Generation: Mixing and Comparison of Two Kinds of Models) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gu, Hung-Yan  and
      Huang, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1014",
    pages = "213--225",
}
@inproceedings{yan-etal-2005-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Analysis of Two Polarity Detection Schemes in Speech Watermarking",
    author = "Yan, Bin  and
      Lu, Zhe-Ming  and
      Pan, Jeng-Shyang  and
      Sun, Sheng-He",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1015",
    pages = "239--246",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-probe,
    title = "A Probe into Ambiguities of Determinative-Measure Compounds",
    author = "Li, Shih-Min  and
      Lin, Su-Chu  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1016",
    pages = "247--255",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2005-applying,
    title = "Applying Maximum Entropy to Robust {C}hinese Shallow Parsing",
    author = "Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Shih, Cheng-Wei  and
      Wu, Chia-Wei  and
      Tsai, Tzong-Han  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1017",
    pages = "257--271",
}
@inproceedings{chou-huang-2005-yi,
    title = "異體字語境關係的分析與建立 (A Framework for the Contextual Analysis of {C}hinese Characters Variants) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chou, Ya-Min  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1018",
    pages = "273--291",
}
@inproceedings{iu-etal-2005-tai,
    title = "台語變調系統實作研究 (A Study on Implementation of {T}aiwanese Tone Sandhi System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "I{\^u}, {\'U}n-gi{\^a}n  and
      Li, Sheng-an  and
      L{\^a}u, Ki{\~a}t-g{\~a}k  and
      Kao, Cheng-yan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1019",
    pages = "293--304",
}
@inproceedings{bai-etal-2005-li,
    title = "利用雙語學術名詞庫抽取中英字詞互譯及詞義解歧 (Sense Extraction and Disambiguation for {C}hinese Words from Bilingual Terminology Bank) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Bai, Ming-Hong  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1020",
    pages = "305--316",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2005-li,
    title = "利用向量支撐機辨識中文基底名詞組的初步研究 (A Preliminary Study on {C}hinese Base {NP} Detection using {SVM}) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Hsi-Wei  and
      Gao, Zhao Ming  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1021",
    pages = "317--331",
}
@inproceedings{ting-chien-2005-perceptual,
    title = "Perceptual Factor Analysis for Speech Enhancement",
    author = "Ting, Chuan-Wei  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1022",
    pages = "333--346",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2005-guo,
    title = "國語廣播新聞語料轉述系統之效能評估 (Evaluation of {M}andarin Broadcast News Transcription System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Lung-Hsun  and
      Wang, Yih-ru  and
      Chen, Sin-Horng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1023",
    pages = "347--360",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2005-approach,
    title = "An Approach of Using the Web as a Live Corpus for Spoken Transliteration Name Access",
    author = "Lin, Ming-Shun  and
      Chen, Chia-Ping  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1024",
    pages = "361--370",
}
@inproceedings{kuo-etal-2005-feng,
    title = "風險最小化準則在中文大詞彙連續語音辨識之研究 (Risk Minimization Criterion for {M}andarin Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Kuo, Jen-Wei  and
      Liu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1025",
    pages = "371--384",
}
@inproceedings{huang-gao-2005-ji,
    title = "基於統計與佚代的中英雙語詞及小句對應演算法 (An Iterative Algorithm for Bilingual {C}hinese-{E}nglish Word and Clause Alignment based on Statistics) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Tzu-Huan  and
      Gao, Zhao Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1026",
    pages = "385--395",
}
@inproceedings{ziang-etal-2005-dian,
    title = "電視新聞語料場景的自動切割與分類 (Automatic Scene Segmentation and Classification in Television News Database) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Ziang, Bo-Syuan  and
      Lyu, Ren-Yuan  and
      Yaung, Bor-Ho  and
      Hsien, Hong-Wen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1027",
    pages = "397--409",
}
@inproceedings{shia-etal-2005-improving,
    title = "Improving Translation of Unknown Proper Names Using a Hybrid Web-based Translation Extraction Method",
    author = "Shia, Min-Shiang  and
      Lin, Jiun-Hung  and
      Yu, Scott  and
      Lu, Wen-Hsiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1028",
    pages = "411--423",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2005-translation,
    title = "Translation Divergence Analysis and Processing for {M}andarin-{E}nglish Parallel Text Exploitation",
    author = "Lin, Shun-Chieh  and
      Wang, Jia-Ching  and
      Wang, Jhing-Fa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    address = "Tainan, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-1029",
    pages = "425--433",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2005-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 1, March 2005",
    month = mar,
    year = "2005",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2005-lightly,
    title = "Lightly Supervised and Data-Driven Approaches to {M}andarin Broadcast News Transcription",
    author = "Chen, Berlin  and
      Kuo, Jen-Wei  and
      Tsai, Wen-Hung",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 1, March 2005",
    month = mar,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-2001",
    pages = "1--18",
}
@inproceedings{ha-etal-2005-reduced,
    title = "Reduced N-Grams for {C}hinese Evaluation",
    author = "Ha, Le Quan  and
      Seymour, R.  and
      Hanna, P.  and
      Smith, F. J.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 1, March 2005",
    month = mar,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-2002",
    pages = "19--34",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-etal-2005-automated,
    title = "Automated Alignment and Extraction of a Bilingual Ontology for Cross-Language Domain-Specific Applications",
    author = "Yeh, Jui-Feng  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Chen, Ming-Jun  and
      Yu, Liang-Chih",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 1, March 2005",
    month = mar,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-2003",
    pages = "35--52",
}
@inproceedings{ding-etal-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Main Verb Identification: From Specification to Realization",
    author = "Ding, Bing-Gong  and
      Huang, Chang-Ning  and
      Huang, De-Gen",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 1, March 2005",
    month = mar,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-2004",
    pages = "53--94",
}
@inproceedings{chuang-yeh-2005-aligning,
    title = "Aligning Parallel Bilingual Corpora Statistically with Punctuation Criteria",
    author = "Chuang, Thomas C.  and
      Yeh, Kevin C.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 1, March 2005",
    month = mar,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-2005",
    pages = "95--122",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-similarity,
    title = "Similarity Based {C}hinese Synonym Collocation Extraction",
    author = "Li, Wanyin  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Xu, Ruifeng",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 1, March 2005",
    month = mar,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-2006",
    pages = "123--144",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2005-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 2, June 2005: Special Issue on Annotated Speech Corpora",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2005-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Segmentation and Labeling for {M}andarin {C}hinese Speech Corpora for Concatenation-based {TTS}",
    author = "Lin, Cheng-Yuan  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing Roger  and
      Chen, Kuan-Ting",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 2, June 2005: Special Issue on Annotated Speech Corpora",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-3001",
    pages = "145--166",
}
@inproceedings{zeitoun-yu-2005-formosan,
    title = "The Formosan Language Archive: Linguistic Analysis and Language Processing",
    author = "Zeitoun, Elizabeth  and
      Yu, Ching-Hua",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 2, June 2005: Special Issue on Annotated Speech Corpora",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-3002",
    pages = "167--200",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-2005-mandarin,
    title = "{M}andarin Topic-oriented Conversations",
    author = "Tseng, Shu-Chuan",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 2, June 2005: Special Issue on Annotated Speech Corpora",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-3003",
    pages = "201--218",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2005-matbn,
    title = "{MATBN}: A {M}andarin {C}hinese Broadcast News Corpus",
    author = "Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Chen, Berlin  and
      Kuo, Jen-Wei  and
      Cheng, Shih-Sian",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 2, June 2005: Special Issue on Annotated Speech Corpora",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-3004",
    pages = "219--236",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2005-taicar,
    title = "{TAICAR} {--} The Collection and Annotation of an In-Car Speech Database Created in Taiwan",
    author = "Wang, Hsien-Chang  and
      Yang, Chung-Hsien  and
      Wang, Jhing-Fa  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 2, June 2005: Special Issue on Annotated Speech Corpora",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-3005",
    pages = "237--250",
}
@inproceedings{xu-meng-2005-design,
    title = "Design and Development of a Bilingual Reading Comprehension Corpus",
    author = "Xu, Kui  and
      Meng, Helen",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 2, June 2005: Special Issue on Annotated Speech Corpora",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-3006",
    pages = "251--276",
}
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2005-chinese,
    title = "A {C}hinese Term Clustering Mechanism for Generating Semantic Concepts of a News Ontology",
    author = "Lee, Chang-Shing  and
      Kuo, Yau-Hwang  and
      Liao, Chia-Hsin  and
      Jian, Zhi-Wei",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 2, June 2005: Special Issue on Annotated Speech Corpora",
    month = jun,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-3007",
    pages = "277--302",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2005-international-journal-linguistics,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 3, September 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XVI}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2005-using-lexical,
    title = "Using Lexical Constraints to Enhance the Quality of Computer-Generated Multiple-Choice Cloze Items",
    author = "Liu, Chao-Lin  and
      Wang, Chun-Hung  and
      Gao, Zhao-Ming",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 3, September 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XVI}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-4001",
    pages = "303--328",
}
@inproceedings{chuang-etal-2005-collocational,
    title = "Collocational Translation Memory Extraction Based on Statistical and Linguistic Information",
    author = "Chuang, Thomas C.  and
      Jian, Jia-Yan  and
      Chang, Yu-Chia  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 3, September 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XVI}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-4002",
    pages = "329--346",
}
@inproceedings{pao-etal-2005-detecting,
    title = "Detecting Emotions in {M}andarin Speech",
    author = "Pao, Tsang-Long  and
      Chen, Yu-Te  and
      Yeh, Jun-Heng  and
      Liao, Wen-Yuan",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 3, September 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XVI}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-4003",
    pages = "347--362",
}
@inproceedings{lyu-etal-2005-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Pronunciation Variation for Bi-Lingual {M}andarin/{T}aiwanese Speech Recognition",
    author = "Lyu, Dau-Cheng  and
      Lyu, Ren-Yuan  and
      Chiang, Yuang-Chin  and
      Hsu, Chun-Nan",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 3, September 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XVI}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-4004",
    pages = "363--380",
}
@inproceedings{goh-etal-2005-chinese,
    title = "{C}hinese Word Segmentation by Classification of Characters",
    author = "Goh, Chooi-Ling  and
      Asahara, Masayuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 3, September 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XVI}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-4005",
    pages = "381--396",
}
@inproceedings{xu-etal-2005-design,
    title = "The Design and Construction of the {P}oly{U} Shallow Treebank",
    author = "Xu, Ruifeng  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Li, Yin  and
      Li, Wanyin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 3, September 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XVI}",
    month = sep,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-4006",
    pages = "397--416",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2005-international-journal-linguistics-chinese,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2005-sinica,
    title = "The Sinica Sense Management System: Design and Implementation",
    author = "Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Chen, Chun-Ling  and
      Weng, Cui-Xia  and
      Lee, Hsiang-Ping  and
      Chen, Yong-Xiang  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5001",
    pages = "417--430",
}
@inproceedings{liu-chang-2005-frame,
    title = "From Frame to Subframe: Collocational Asymmetry in {M}andarin Verbs of Conversation",
    author = "Liu, Mei-Chun  and
      Chang, Chun Edison",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5002",
    pages = "431--444",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-feature,
    title = "Feature Representations and Logical Compatibility between Temporal Adverbs and Aspects",
    author = "Li, Shih-Min  and
      Lin, Su-Chu  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5003",
    pages = "445--458",
}
@inproceedings{chen-2005-xin,
    title = "信息處理用現代漢語虛詞義類詞典研究和工作單設計 (Study on the Machine Tractable Thesaurus Dictionary of Contemporary {C}hinese Functional Words for Information Processing and Design) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Qunxiu",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5004",
    pages = "459--472",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2005-unsupervised-approach,
    title = "An Unsupervised Approach to {C}hinese Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Hownet",
    author = "Chen, Hao  and
      He, Tingting  and
      Ji, Donghong  and
      Quan, Changqin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5005",
    pages = "473--482",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-2005-yi,
    title = "以句式為本的多義詞詞義辨識 (Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Syntactic Construction) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tsai, Mei-Chih",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5006",
    pages = "483--494",
}
@inproceedings{wang-2005-cong,
    title = "從構式語法理論看漢語詞義研究 (A Construction-Bsed Approach to {C}hinese Lexical Semantics) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Hui",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5007",
    pages = "495--508",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2005-xian,
    title = "現代漢語中的形式動詞 (Dummy Verbs in Contemporary {C}hinese) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yu, Shiwen  and
      Zhu, Xuefeng  and
      Duan, Huiming",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5008",
    pages = "509--518",
}
@inproceedings{kwong-tsou-2005-synchronous,
    title = "A Synchronous Corpus-Based Study on the Usage and Perception of Judgement Terms in the Pan-{C}hinese Context",
    author = "Kwong, Oi Yee  and
      Tsou, Benjamin K.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5009",
    pages = "519--532",
}
@inproceedings{xia-etal-2005-ren,
    title = "《人民日報》語料庫命名實体分類的研究 (The {C}hinese Named Entity Categorization Based on the People{'}s Daily Corpus) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Xia, YingJu  and
      Yu, Hao  and
      Nishino, Fumihito",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5010",
    pages = "533--542",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2005-shuang,
    title = "双向考察和驗證：并列成分中心語的語義關係和{CCD}的名詞語義分類体系 (Bidirectional Investigation: The Semantic Relations between the Conjuncts and the Noun Taxonomy in {CCD}) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Yunfang  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Li, Yun  and
      Yu, Shiwen",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5011",
    pages = "543--552",
}
@inproceedings{chung-etal-2005-source,
    title = "Source Domains as Concept Domains in Metaphorical Expressions",
    author = "Chung, Siaw-Fong  and
      Ahrens, Kathleen  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5012",
    pages = "553--570",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2005-yin,
    title = "隱喻性成語的語義映射 (Semantic Mapping in {C}hinese Metaphorical Idioms) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Li, Yun  and
      Li, Sujian  and
      Wang, Zhimin  and
      Wu, Yunfang",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5013",
    pages = "571--580",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2005-ji,
    title = "基于現代漢語語法信息詞典的詞語情感評價研究 (Research on Lexical Emotional Evaluation Based on the Grammatical Knowledge-Base of Contemporary {C}hinese) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Zhimin  and
      Zhu, Xuefeng  and
      Yu, Shiwen",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5014",
    pages = "581--592",
}
@inproceedings{nn-2005-author-subject,
    title = "Author and Subject Index",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 10, Number 4, {D}ecember 2005: Special Issue on Selected Papers from {CLSW}-5",
    month = dec,
    year = "2005",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O05-5015",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2011-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    author = "Tsai, Wei-Ho  and
      Yu, Liang-Chih",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1000",
}
@inproceedings{lai-etal-2011-shi,
    title = "實證探究多種鑑別式語言模型於語音辨識之研究 (Empirical Comparisons of Various Discriminative Language Models for Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lai, Min-Hsuan  and
      Huang, Bang-Xuan  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1001",
    pages = "4--20",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-etal-2011-compensating,
    title = "Compensating the Speech Features via Discrete Cosine Transform for Robust Speech Recognition (基於離散餘弦轉換之語音特徵的強健性補償法)",
    author = "Hsieh, Hsin-Ju  and
      Tu, Wen-hsiang  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1002",
    pages = "21--42",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2011-lian,
    title = "聯合語者、雜訊環境與說話內容因素分析之強健性語音辨認 (Joint Factor Analysis for Robust Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Sheng-Tang  and
      Fang, Wei-Te  and
      Liao, Yuan-Fu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1003",
    pages = "43--63",
}
@inproceedings{chang-2011-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation of {TTS} Systems in Intelligibility and Comprehension Tasks",
    author = "Chang, Yu-Yun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1004",
    pages = "64--78",
}
@inproceedings{chiang-etal-2011-pian,
    title = "片語式機器翻譯中未知詞與落單字的問題探討 (Learning to Deal with the {OOV} Problem in Phrase-based {MT} System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chiang, Ming-Chuan  and
      Huang, Chung-Chi  and
      Yen, {``}He,Ho-Ching{''}  and
      Huang, Shih-Ting  and
      Chang, Chun-Sheng  and
      Yang, Ping-Che  and
      Ku, Tsun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1005",
    pages = "79--93",
}
@inproceedings{chuang-etal-2011-ying,
    title = "英文技術文獻中一般動詞與其受詞之中文翻譯的語境效用 (Collocational Influences on the {C}hinese Translations of Non-Technical {E}nglish Verbs and Their Objects in Technical Documents) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chuang, Yi-Hsuan  and
      Wang, Jui-Ping  and
      Tsai, Chia-Chi  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1006",
    pages = "94--108",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2011-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Overlapping Feature Selection for Conditional Random Fields Learning in {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
    author = "Yang, Ting-hao  and
      Jiang, Tian-Jian  and
      Kuo, Chan-hung  and
      Tsai, Richard Tzong-han  and
      Hsu, Wen-lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1007",
    pages = "109--122",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2011-fan,
    title = "繁體中文文本中對於日文人名及異體字的處理策略 (Strategies of Processing {J}apanese Names and Variant Characters in Traditional {C}hinese Text) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Chuan-Chieh  and
      Chan, Chia-Cheng  and
      Chen, Yen-Heng  and
      Pao, Chien-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1008",
    pages = "123--138",
}
@inproceedings{chung-chen-2011-dong,
    title = "動補結構的及物性及修飾對象 (Transitivity of a {C}hinese Verb-result Compound and Affected Argument of the Result Verb) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chung, You-shan  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1009",
    pages = "139--150",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2011-guang,
    title = "廣義知網詞彙意見極性的預測 (Predicting the Semantic Orientation of Terms in E-{H}ow{N}et) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Li, Cheng-Ru  and
      Yu, Chi-Hsin  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1010",
    pages = "151--165",
}
@inproceedings{chang-lin-2011-sheng,
    title = "聲符部件排序與形聲字發音規則探勘 (Pronunciation Rules Discovery for Picto-Phonetic {C}hinese Characters) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Chia-Hui  and
      Lin, Shu-Yen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1011",
    pages = "166--178",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2011-frequency,
    title = "Frequency, Collocation, and Statistical Modeling of Lexical Items: A Case Study of Temporal Expressions in an Elderly Speaker Corpus",
    author = "Wang, Sheng-Fu  and
      Yang, Jing-Chen  and
      Chang, Yu-Yun  and
      Liu, Yu-Wen  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2011)",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-1012",
    pages = "179--193",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2011-rocling,
    title = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2000",
}
@inproceedings{chu-etal-2011-ji,
    title = "機率式調變頻譜分解於強健性語音辨識 (Probabilistic Modulation Spectrum Factorization for Robust Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chu, Wen-Yi  and
      Kao, Yu-Chen  and
      Chen, Berlin  and
      Hung, Jeih-Weih",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2001",
    pages = "194--206",
}
@inproceedings{liao-etal-2011-ying,
    title = "應用語音辨識技術於鳥鳴聲辨識 (Bird Species Recognition Based on Speech Processing Techniques) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liao, Wei-En  and
      Lee, Hsin-Chieh  and
      Tsai, Wei-Ho",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2002",
    pages = "207--215",
}
@inproceedings{gu-tsai-2011-shi,
    title = "使用分段式{GMM} 及自動{GMM} 挑選之語音轉換方法 (A Voice Conversion Method Using Segmental {GMM}s and Automatic {GMM} Selection) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gu, Hung-Yan  and
      Tsai, Sung-Fung",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2003",
    pages = "216--226",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2011-ying,
    title = "應用詞彙、語法與語料規則於中文手寫句辨識之校正模組 (Revision for Recognizing {C}hinese Handwritten Sentences Based on Lexical, Syntactical and Corpus Rules) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Tao-Hsing  and
      Chou, Chia-Bin  and
      Su, Shou-Yen  and
      Liu, Chien-Liang",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2004",
    pages = "227--239",
}
@inproceedings{galmar-2011-using,
    title = "Using Kohonen Maps of {C}hinese Morphological Families to Visualize the Interplay of Morphology and Semantics in {C}hinese",
    author = "Galmar, Bruno",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2005",
    pages = "240--251",
}
@inproceedings{gong-ahrens-2011-prior,
    title = "The Prior Knowledge Effect on the Processing of Vague Discourse in {M}andarin {C}hinese",
    author = "Gong, Shu-Ping  and
      Ahrens, Kathleen",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2006",
    pages = "252--264",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-etal-2011-learning,
    title = "On the Learning of {C}hinese Aspect Markers through Multimedia Program (多媒體課程對華語時貌標記學習成效之研究)",
    author = "Hsieh, Tzu-Hui  and
      Kuo, Yi-Chun  and
      Chung, Shu-Chun  and
      Wu, Jiun-Shiung",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2007",
    pages = "265--280",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2011-zhong,
    title = "中文文字蘊涵系統之特徵分析 (Feature Analysis of {C}hinese Textual Entailment System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Wan-Chi  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chen, Liang-Pu  and
      Ku, Tsun",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2008",
    pages = "281--296",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2011-jie,
    title = "結合語言模型與網路知識源於列印前檢查 (Print Pickets Combined Language Models and Knowledge Resources in Web) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Yu-Jui  and
      Yen, Ming-Chin  and
      Wu, Guan-Huei  and
      Wang, Yao-Yi  and
      Yeh, Jui-Feng",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2009",
    pages = "297--309",
}
@inproceedings{kao-chen-2011-diagnosing,
    title = "Diagnosing Discoursal Organization in Learner Writing via Conjunctive Adverbials (診斷學習者英語寫作篇章結構：以篇章連接副詞為例)",
    author = "Kao, Tung-yu  and
      Chen, Li-mei",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2010",
    pages = "310--322",
}
@inproceedings{ku-2011-compositional,
    title = "Compositional Operations of {M}andarin {C}hinese Verb {``}da3{''}: A Generative Lexicon Approach",
    author = "Ku, Li-Chuan",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2011",
    pages = "323--332",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-2011-typological,
    title = "Typological Universals and Intrinsic Universals on the {L}2 Acquisition of Consonant Clusters",
    author = "Tseng, Chin-Chin",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2012",
    pages = "333--348",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2011-duo,
    title = "多語語碼轉換之未知詞擷取 (Unknown Word Extraction from Multilingual Code-Switching Sentences) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Yi-Lun  and
      Hsieh, Chaio-Wen  and
      Lin, Wei-Hsuan  and
      Liu, Chun-Yi  and
      Yu, Liang-Chih",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2011 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2011",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-2013",
    pages = "349--360",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2011-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 1-2, March/June 2011",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-hua",
    month = mar # "/" # jun,
    year = "2011",
}
@inproceedings{tsai-lee-2011-performance,
    title = "Performance Evaluation of Speaker-Identification Systems for Singing Voice Data",
    author = "Tsai, Wei-Ho  and
      Lee, Hsin-Chieh",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 1-2, March/June 2011",
    month = mar # "/" # jun,
    year = "2011",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-3001",
}
@inproceedings{liang-cheng-2011-resolving,
    title = "Resolving Abstract Definite Anaphora in {C}hinese Texts",
    author = "Liang, Tyne  and
      Cheng, Jyun-Hua",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 1-2, March/June 2011",
    month = mar # "/" # jun,
    year = "2011",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-3002",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2011-chances,
    title = "Some Chances and Challenges in Applying Language Technologies to Historical Studies in {C}hinese",
    author = "Liu, Chao-Lin  and
      Jin, Guantao  and
      Liu, Qingfeng  and
      Chiu, Wei-Yun  and
      Yu, Yih-Soong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 1-2, March/June 2011",
    month = mar # "/" # jun,
    year = "2011",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-3003",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-wu-2011-yi,
    title = "以籠統查詢評估查詢擴展方法與線上搜尋引擎之資訊檢索效能 (Evaluating the Information Retrieval Performance of Query Expansion Method and On-line Search Engine on General Query) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsu, Chih-Chuan  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 1-2, March/June 2011",
    month = mar # "/" # jun,
    year = "2011",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-3004",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2011-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2011",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-hua",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2011",
}
@inproceedings{barrett-chen-2011-english,
    title = "{E}nglish Article Errors in {T}aiwanese College Students{'} {EFL} Writing",
    author = "Barrett, Neil Edward  and
      Chen, Li-mei",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2011",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2011",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-4001",
}
@inproceedings{chao-chung-2011-ji,
    title = "基於辭典辭彙釋義之多階層釋義關聯程度計量-以「目」字部為例 (A Measurement of Multi-Level Semantic Relations among {M}andarin Lexemes with Radical mu4: A Study based on Dictionary Explanations)",
    author = "Chao, F. Y. August  and
      Chung, Siaw-Fong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2011",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2011",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-4002",
}
@inproceedings{lin-chen-2011-histogram,
    title = "Histogram Equalization on Statistical Approaches for {C}hinese Unknown Word Extraction",
    author = "Lin, Bor-Shen  and
      Chen, Yi-Cong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2011",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2011",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-4003",
}
@inproceedings{wang-chen-2011-intent,
    title = "Intent Shift Detection Using Search Query Logs",
    author = "Wang, Chieh-Jen  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2011",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2011",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-4004",
}
@inproceedings{lin-hsieh-2011-characteristics,
    title = "Characteristics of Independent Claim: A Corpus-Linguistic Approach to Contemporary {E}nglish Patents",
    author = "Lin, Darren Hsin-Hung  and
      Hsieh, Shelley Ching-Yu",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 16, Number 3-4, September/{D}ecember 2011",
    month = sep # "/" # dec,
    year = "2011",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O11-4005",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2007-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    author = "Chen, Kuang-Hua  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2007-yi,
    title = "以英語寫作輔助為目的之語料庫語句檢索方法 (Corporal Sentence Retrieval for {E}nglish Writing Assistance) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Jyi-Shane  and
      Horng, Pei-Chun  and
      Lee, Ching-Ying",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1001",
    pages = "5--19",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2007-bei,
    title = "貝氏主題混合資訊檢索模型 ({B}ayesian Topic Mixture Model for Information Retrieval) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Meng-Sung  and
      Hsu, Hsuan-Jui  and
      Chien, Jen-Tzung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1002",
    pages = "21--35",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2007-korean,
    title = "{K}orean-{C}hinese Cross-Language Information Retrieval Based on Extension of Dictionaries and Transliteration",
    author = "Wang, Yu-Chun  and
      Tsai, Tzong-Han Richard  and
      Yen, Hsu-Chun  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1003",
    pages = "37--44",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-hung-2007-jia,
    title = "加成性雜訊環境下運用特徵參數統計補償法於強健性語音辨識 (Feature Statistics Compensation for Robust Speech Recognition in Additive Noise Environments) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsieh, Tsung-hsueh  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1004",
    pages = "45--59",
}
@inproceedings{he-liou-2007-cyberon,
    title = "Cyberon Voice Commander 多國語言語音命令系統 (Cyberon Voice Commander - a Multilingual Voice Command System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "He, Tai Xuan  and
      Liou, Jien-Jung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1005",
    pages = "61--72",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2007-gai,
    title = "改善以最小化音素錯誤為基礎的鑑別式聲學模型訓練於中文連續語音辨識之研究 (Improved Minimum Phone Error based Discriminative Training of Acoustic Models for {C}hinese Continuous Speech Reconigtion) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chu, Fang-Hui  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1006",
    pages = "73--87",
}
@inproceedings{tu-hung-2007-duan,
    title = "端點偵測技術在強健語音參數擷取之研究 (Study of the Voice Activity Detection Techniques for Robust Speech Feature Extraction) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tu, Wen-Hsiang  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1007",
    pages = "89--102",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-su-2007-cong,
    title = "從不同韻律格式驗證階層式韻律架構並兼論對語音科技的應用 (One Base Form of Discourse Prosody Goes a Long Way{--} Evidence of Sytle Dependent Contribution and Possible Applilcation to Technology Development) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Tseng, Chiu-Yu  and
      Su, Zhao-Yu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1008",
    pages = "103--115",
}
@inproceedings{lyu-etal-2007-duo,
    title = "多語聲學單位分類之最佳化研究 (The Study of Acoustic Model Clustering in Multilingual Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lyu, Dau-cheng  and
      Lyu, Ren-yuan  and
      Chiang, Yung-Jien  and
      Hsu, Chun-nan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1009",
    pages = "117--130",
}
@inproceedings{kao-gao-2007-ci,
    title = "詞義辨識:機器學習演算法特徵的選取與組合 (Feature Selections in Word Sense Disambiguation) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Kao, Shao Hang  and
      Gao, Zhao Ming",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1010",
    pages = "131--144",
}
@inproceedings{hsiao-etal-2007-word,
    title = "Word Translation Disambiguation via Dependency (利用依存關係之辭彙翻譯)",
    author = "Hsiao, Meng-Chin  and
      Yang, Kun-Ju  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1011",
    pages = "145--159",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2007-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge Representation for Interrogatives in E-{H}ow{N}et",
    author = "Huang, Shu-Ling  and
      Chung, You-Shan  and
      Shih, Yueh-Yin  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1012",
    pages = "161--175",
}
@inproceedings{ku-etal-2007-question,
    title = "Question Analysis and Answer Passage Retrieval for Opinion Question Answering Systems",
    author = "Ku, Lun-Wei  and
      Liang, Yu-Ting  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1013",
    pages = "177--189",
}
@inproceedings{chang-ker-2007-ji,
    title = "基於統計方法之中文搭配詞自動擷取 ({C}hinese Collocation Extracting Automation Based on Statistical Methods) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Tsui-Yun  and
      Ker, Su-Jin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1014",
    pages = "191--203",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2007-yi,
    title = "以部落格語料進行情緒趨勢分析 (Emotion Trend Analysis Using Blog Corpora) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yang, Chang-Hua  and
      Kuo, Hung-An  and
      Chen, Hsin-Hsi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1015",
    pages = "205--218",
}
@inproceedings{chu-etal-2007-hun,
    title = "混合語言之語音的語言辨認 (Language Identification on Code-Switching Speech) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chu, Chyng-Leei  and
      Lyu, Dau-cheng  and
      Lyu, Ren-yuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1016",
    pages = "219--231",
}
@inproceedings{gu-zhou-2007-ji,
    title = "基於{HNM} 之國語音節信號的合成方法 (An {HNM} Based Method for Synthesizing {M}andarin Syllable Signal) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gu, Hung-yan  and
      Zhou, Yen-zuo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1017",
    pages = "233--243",
}
@inproceedings{yang-2007-role,
    title = "The Role of Sound Changes in the Speech Recognition System: A Phonetic Analysis of the Final Nasal Shift in {M}andarin",
    author = "Yang, James H.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-1018",
    pages = "245--256",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2007-rocling,
    title = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    author = "Chen, Kuang-Hua  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
}
@inproceedings{gao-2007-zhong,
    title = "中文詞彙語意資料的整合與擷取：詞彙語意學的觀點 (Extraction and Integration of {C}hinese Lexical Semantic Information) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gao, Zhao Ming",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2001",
    pages = "257--271",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2007-zhong,
    title = "中文單詞之韻律模式研究 (A Study on Prosodic Modeling for Isolated {M}andarin Words) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Chi-Feng  and
      Chiang, Chen-Yu  and
      Wang, Yih-Ru  and
      Chen, Sin-Horng",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2002",
    pages = "273--286",
}
@inproceedings{hung-etal-2007-yi,
    title = "以中文十億詞語料庫為基礎之兩岸詞彙對比研究 (A Study of Lexical Differences between China and Taiwan based on the {C}hinese {G}igaword Corpus) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hung, Jia-Fei  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Xu, Ming-Wei",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2003",
    pages = "287--301",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2007-vot,
    title = "{VOT} productions of word-initial stops in {M}andarin and {E}nglish: A cross-language study",
    author = "Chen, Li-mei  and
      Chao, Kuan-Yi  and
      Peng, Jui-Feng",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2004",
    pages = "303--317",
}
@inproceedings{yu-2007-tai,
    title = "台灣共通語言 (Taiwan Common Language) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yu, Ming-Shing",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2005",
    pages = "319--333",
}
@inproceedings{ker-etal-2007-zhong,
    title = "中文詞義全文標記語料庫之設計與雛形製作 (Design and Prototype of a Fully Sense-tagged Corpus) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Ker, Su-Jin  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren  and
      Hung, Jia-Fei  and
      Liu, Shih-yin  and
      Chien, Hui-Ling  and
      Su, I-Li",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2006",
    pages = "335--345",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2007-yi,
    title = "以文件分類技術預測股價趨勢 (Predicting Trends of Stock Prices with Text Classification Techniques) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chen, Jiun-Da  and
      Wang, Tai-Ping  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2007",
    pages = "347--361",
}
@inproceedings{hung-etal-2007-ji,
    title = "基於階層架構資訊及關鍵詞語義擴展的階層式目錄整合研究 (A Study on Hierarchical Catalog Integration based on Hierarchical Information and Keyword Semantic Expansion) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hung, Cheng-Tse  and
      Chen, Ing-Xiang  and
      Wu, Ping-Jung  and
      Yang, Cheng-Zen",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2008",
    pages = "363--377",
}
@inproceedings{li-chang-2007-speech,
    title = "Speech recognition of mandarin syllables using both linear predict coding cepstra and Mel frequency cepstra",
    author = "Li, Tze Fen  and
      Chang, Shui-Ching",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2009",
    pages = "379--390",
}
@inproceedings{wang-lin-2007-ying,
    title = "應用文件重排序與局部查詢擴展於中文文件檢索之研究 (Improving Retrieval Effectiveness by Document Reranking and Local Expansion) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Wen-Chi  and
      Lin, Bor-Shen",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2010",
    pages = "391--405",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2007-zhen,
    title = "針對數學與科學教育領域之電腦輔助英中試題翻譯系統 (An Exploration of Computer Assisted Translation of Test Items for Mathematics and Sciences) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lu, Ming-Shin  and
      Gao, Zhao Ming  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin  and
      Chang, Chun-Yen",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2011",
    pages = "407--421",
}
@inproceedings{simon-hong-2007-word,
    title = "Word sense induction using independent component analysis",
    author = "{\v{S}}imon, Petr  and
      Hong, Jia-Fei",
    booktitle = "{ROCLING} 2007 Poster Papers",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    address = "Taipei, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-2012",
    pages = "423--433",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2007-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 1, March 2007: Special Issue on Affective Speech Processing",
    month = mar,
    year = "2007",
}
@inproceedings{campbell-2007-differences,
    title = "Differences in the Speaking Styles of a {J}apanese Male According to Interlocutor; Showing the Effects of Affect in Conversational Speech",
    author = "Campbell, Nick",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 1, March 2007: Special Issue on Affective Speech Processing",
    month = mar,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-3001",
    pages = "1--16",
}
@inproceedings{yuan-li-2007-breath,
    title = "The Breath Segment in Expressive Speech",
    author = "Yuan, Chu  and
      Li, Aijun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 1, March 2007: Special Issue on Affective Speech Processing",
    month = mar,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-3002",
    pages = "17--32",
}
@inproceedings{su-wang-2007-affective,
    title = "Affective Intonation-Modeling for {M}andarin Based on {PCA}",
    author = "Su, Zhuangluan  and
      Wang, Zengfu",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 1, March 2007: Special Issue on Affective Speech Processing",
    month = mar,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-3003",
    pages = "33--48",
}
@inproceedings{you-etal-2007-manifolds,
    title = "Manifolds Based Emotion Recognition in Speech",
    author = "You, Mingyu  and
      Chen, Chun  and
      Bu, Jiajun  and
      Liu, Jia  and
      Tao, Jianhua",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 1, March 2007: Special Issue on Affective Speech Processing",
    month = mar,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-3004",
    pages = "49--64",
}
@inproceedings{wu-chuang-2007-emotion,
    title = "Emotion Recognition from Speech Using {IG}-Based Feature Compensation",
    author = "Wu, Chung-Hsien  and
      Chuang, Ze-Jing",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 1, March 2007: Special Issue on Affective Speech Processing",
    month = mar,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-3005",
    pages = "65--78",
}
@inproceedings{zou-etal-2007-emotional,
    title = "Emotional Recognition Using a Compensation Transformation in Speech Signal",
    author = "Zou, Cairong  and
      Zhao, Yan  and
      Zhao, Li  and
      Zhen, Wenming  and
      Bao, Yongqiang",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 1, March 2007: Special Issue on Affective Speech Processing",
    month = mar,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-3006",
    pages = "79--90",
}
@inproceedings{bao-etal-2007-influence,
    title = "The Influence of Reading Styles on Accent Assignment in {M}andarin",
    author = "Bao, Mingzhen  and
      Chu, Min  and
      Wang, Yunjia",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 1, March 2007: Special Issue on Affective Speech Processing",
    month = mar,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-3007",
    pages = "91--106",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2007-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 2, June 2007",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
}
@inproceedings{hu-etal-2007-using,
    title = "Using a Generative Model for Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Hu, Yi  and
      Lu, Ruzhan  and
      Chen, Yuquan  and
      Duan, Jianyong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 2, June 2007",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-4001",
    pages = "107--126",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-etal-2007-empirical,
    title = "An Empirical Study of Non-Stationary Ngram Model and its Smoothing Techniques",
    author = "Xiao, Jinghui  and
      Liu, Bingquan  and
      Wang, Xiaolong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 2, June 2007",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-4002",
    pages = "127--154",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2007-hierarchical,
    title = "Hierarchical Web Catalog Integration with Conceptual Relationships in a Thesaurus",
    author = "Chen, Ing-Xiang  and
      Ho, Jui-Chi  and
      Yang, Cheng-Zen",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 2, June 2007",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-4003",
    pages = "155--174",
}
@inproceedings{myers-2007-minijudge,
    title = "{M}ini{J}udge: Software for Small-Scale Experimental Syntax",
    author = "Myers, James",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 2, June 2007",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-4004",
    pages = "175--194",
}
@inproceedings{hsieh-etal-2007-improve,
    title = "Improve Parsing Performance by Self-Learning",
    author = "Hsieh, Yu-Ming  and
      Yang, Duen-Chi  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 2, June 2007",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-4005",
    pages = "195--216",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2007-comparative,
    title = "A Comparative Study of Histogram Equalization ({HEQ}) for Robust Speech Recognition",
    author = "Lin, Shih-Hsiang  and
      Yeh, Yao-Ming  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 2, June 2007",
    month = jun,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-4006",
    pages = "217--238",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2007-international-journal-linguistics,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 3, September 2007: Special Issue on Invited Papers from {ISCSLP} 2006",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
}
@inproceedings{kuroiwa-etal-2007-speaker,
    title = "Speaker Identification Method Using Earth Mover{'}s Distance for {CCC} Speaker Recognition Evaluation 2006",
    author = "Kuroiwa, Shingo  and
      Tsuge, Satoru  and
      Kita, Masahiko  and
      Ren, Fuji",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 3, September 2007: Special Issue on Invited Papers from {ISCSLP} 2006",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-5001",
    pages = "239--254",
}
@inproceedings{chao-etal-2007-novel,
    title = "A Novel Characterization of the Alternative Hypothesis Using Kernel Discriminant Analysis for {LLR}-Based Speaker Verification",
    author = "Chao, Yi-Hsiang  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Chang, Ruei-Chuan",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 3, September 2007: Special Issue on Invited Papers from {ISCSLP} 2006",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-5002",
    pages = "255--272",
}
@inproceedings{zheng-etal-2007-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Complementary Features from Vocal Source and Vocal Tract for Speaker Identification",
    author = "Zheng, Nengheng  and
      Lee, Tan  and
      Wang, Ning  and
      Ching, P. C.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 3, September 2007: Special Issue on Invited Papers from {ISCSLP} 2006",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-5003",
    pages = "273--290",
}
@inproceedings{du-etal-2007-performance,
    title = "Performance of Discriminative {HMM} Training in Noise",
    author = "Du, Jun  and
      Liu, Peng  and
      Soong, Frank K.  and
      Zhou, Jian-Lai  and
      Wang, Ren-Hua",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 3, September 2007: Special Issue on Invited Papers from {ISCSLP} 2006",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-5004",
    pages = "291--302",
}
@inproceedings{takezawa-etal-2007-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Spoken Language Corpus Development for Communication Research",
    author = "Takezawa, Toshiyuki  and
      Kikui, Genichiro  and
      Mizushima, Masahide  and
      Sumita, Eiichiro",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 3, September 2007: Special Issue on Invited Papers from {ISCSLP} 2006",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-5005",
    pages = "303--324",
}
@inproceedings{xiao-etal-2007-exploiting,
    title = "Exploiting Pinyin Constraints in Pinyin-to-Character Conversion Task: a Class-Based Maximum Entropy {M}arkov Model Approach",
    author = "Xiao, Jinghui  and
      Liu, Bingquan  and
      Wang, Xiaolong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 3, September 2007: Special Issue on Invited Papers from {ISCSLP} 2006",
    month = sep,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-5006",
    pages = "325--348",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2007-international-journal-linguistics-chinese,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 4, {D}ecember 2007: Special Issue on Speech and Language Processing for {T}aiwanese Minnan, {H}akka, and {M}andarin",
    month = dec,
    year = "2007",
}
@inproceedings{iunn-etal-2007-modeling,
    title = "Modeling {T}aiwanese Southern-Min Tone Sandhi Using Rule-Based Methods",
    author = "Iunn, Un-Gian  and
      Lau, Kiat-Gak  and
      Tan-Tenn, Hong-Giau  and
      Lee, Sheng-An  and
      Kao, Cheng-Yan",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 4, {D}ecember 2007: Special Issue on Speech and Language Processing for {T}aiwanese Minnan, {H}akka, and {M}andarin",
    month = dec,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-6001",
    pages = "349--370",
}
@inproceedings{gu-etal-2007-system,
    title = "A System Framework for Integrated Synthesis of {M}andarin, Min-Nan, and {H}akka Speech",
    author = "Gu, Hung-Yan  and
      Zhou, Yan-Zuo  and
      Liau, Huang-Liang",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 4, {D}ecember 2007: Special Issue on Speech and Language Processing for {T}aiwanese Minnan, {H}akka, and {M}andarin",
    month = dec,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-6002",
    pages = "371--390",
}
@inproceedings{kuo-etal-2007-studies,
    title = "Some Studies on Min-Nan Speech Processing",
    author = "Kuo, Wei-Chih  and
      Ho, Chen-Chung  and
      Zhong, Xiang-Rui  and
      Liang, Zhen-Feng  and
      Yu, Hsiu-Min  and
      Wang, Yih-Ru  and
      Chen, Sin-Horng",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 4, {D}ecember 2007: Special Issue on Speech and Language Processing for {T}aiwanese Minnan, {H}akka, and {M}andarin",
    month = dec,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-6003",
    pages = "391--410",
}
@inproceedings{tsay-2007-construction,
    title = "Construction and Automatization of a Minnan Child Speech Corpus with some Research Findings",
    author = "Tsay, Jane S.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 4, {D}ecember 2007: Special Issue on Speech and Language Processing for {T}aiwanese Minnan, {H}akka, and {M}andarin",
    month = dec,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-6004",
    pages = "411--442",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2007-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Pronunciation Assessment for {M}andarin {C}hinese: Approaches and System Overview",
    author = "Chen, Jiang-Chun  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing Roger  and
      Tsai, Te-Lu",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 4, {D}ecember 2007: Special Issue on Speech and Language Processing for {T}aiwanese Minnan, {H}akka, and {M}andarin",
    month = dec,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-6005",
    pages = "443--458",
}
@inproceedings{ngai-wang-2007-knowledge,
    title = "A Knowledge-Based Approach for Unsupervised {C}hinese Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Ngai, Grace  and
      Wang, Chi-Shing",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 4, {D}ecember 2007: Special Issue on Speech and Language Processing for {T}aiwanese Minnan, {H}akka, and {M}andarin",
    month = dec,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-6006",
    pages = "459--484",
}
@inproceedings{nn-2007-author,
    title = "Author and Subject Index",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 12, Number 4, {D}ecember 2007: Special Issue on Speech and Language Processing for {T}aiwanese Minnan, {H}akka, and {M}andarin",
    month = dec,
    year = "2007",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O07-6007",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2013-linguistics,
    title = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    author = "Yang, Hung-Duen  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian  and
      Chen, Chia-Ping",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1000",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-gai,
    title = "改良語句模型技術於節錄式語音摘要之研究 (Improved Sentence Modeling Techniques for Extractive Speech Summarization) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Liu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chen, Kuan-Yu  and
      Wang, Hsin-Min  and
      Hsu, Wen-Lian  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1001",
    pages = "5--21",
}
@inproceedings{fan-etal-2013-fen,
    title = "分頻式調變頻譜分解於強健性語音辨識 (Sub-band modulation spectrum factorization in robust speech recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Fan, Hao-teng  and
      Cai, Yi-zhang  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1002",
    pages = "22--36",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-shi,
    title = "使用語音評分技術輔助台語語料的驗證 (Using Speech Assessment Technique for the Validation of {T}aiwanese Speech Corpus) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Li, Yu-Jhe  and
      Wang, Chung-Che  and
      Chen, Liang-Yu  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing Roger  and
      Lyu, Ren-Yuan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1003",
    pages = "37--38",
}
@inproceedings{yen-chen-2013-ji,
    title = "基於{S}phinx 可快速個人化行動數字語音辨識系統 (Quickly Personalizable Mobile Digit Speech Recognition System Based on Sphinx) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yen, Tsung-Peng  and
      Chen, Chia-Ping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1004",
    pages = "39--52",
}
@inproceedings{chiu-etal-2013-ji,
    title = "機器翻譯為本的中文拼字改錯系統 ({C}hinese Spelling Checker Based on Statistical Machine Translation)",
    author = "Chiu, Hsun-wen  and
      Wu, Jian-cheng  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1005",
    pages = "53--55",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2013-detecting,
    title = "Detecting {E}nglish Grammatical Errors based on Machine Translation",
    author = "Chang, Jim  and
      Wu, Jiancheng  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1006",
    pages = "56--58",
}
@inproceedings{kajiwara-etal-2013-selecting,
    title = "Selecting Proper Lexical Paraphrase for Children",
    author = "Kajiwara, Tomoyuki  and
      Matsumoto, Hiroshi  and
      Yamamoto, Kazuhide",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1007",
    pages = "59--73",
}
@inproceedings{cheng-etal-2013-cheng,
    title = "合成單元與問題集之定義於隱藏式馬可夫模型中文歌聲合成系統之建立 (Synthesis Unit and Question Set Definition for {M}andarin {HMM}-based Singing Voice Synthesis)",
    author = "Cheng, Ju-Yun  and
      Huang, Yi-Chin  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1008",
    pages = "74--75",
}
@inproceedings{wu-chen-2013-ji,
    title = "基於時域上基週同步疊加法之歌聲合成系統 (Singing Voice Synthesis System Based on Time Domain-Pitch Synchronized Overlap and Add) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wu, Ming-Kuan  and
      Chen, Chia-Ping",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1009",
    pages = "76--89",
}
@inproceedings{gu-chang-2013-ji,
    title = "基於音段式{LMR} 對映之語音轉換方法的改進 (Improving of Segmental {LMR}-Mapping Based Voice Conversion Methods) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gu, Hung-Yan  and
      Chang, Jia-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1010",
    pages = "90--104",
}
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2013-zhong,
    title = "中英文的文字蘊涵與閱讀測驗的初步探索 (An Exploration of Textual Entailment and Reading Comprehension for {C}hinese and {E}nglish) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Huang, Wei-Jie  and
      Lin, Po-Cheng  and
      Liu, Chao-Lin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1011",
    pages = "105--119",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2013-yun,
    title = "蘊涵句型分析於改進中文文字蘊涵識別系統 (Entailment Analysis for Improving {C}hinese Recognizing Textual Entailment System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yang, Shan-Shun  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chen, Liang-Pu  and
      Chiu, Hung-Sheng  and
      Yang, Ren-Dar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1012",
    pages = "120--121",
}
@inproceedings{chung-chen-2013-semantic,
    title = "A Semantic-Based Approach to Noun-Noun Compound Interpretation",
    author = "Chung, You-shan  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1013",
    pages = "122--123",
}
@inproceedings{kao-chen-2013-gai,
    title = "改良調變頻譜統計圖等化法於強健性語音辨識之研究 (Improved Modulation Spectrum Histogram Equalization for Robust Speech Recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Kao, Yu-Chen  and
      Chen, Berlin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1014",
    pages = "124--138",
}
@inproceedings{fan-etal-2013-za,
    title = "雜訊環境下應用線性估測編碼於特徵時序列之強健性語音辨識 (Employing linear prediction coding in feature time sequences for robust speech recognition in noisy environments) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Fan, Hao-teng  and
      Tseng, Wen-yu  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1015",
    pages = "139--140",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2013-jie,
    title = "結合{I}-Vector 及深層神經網路之語者驗證系統 (Text-independent Speaker Verification using a Hybrid {I}-Vector/{DNN} Approach) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Yun-Fan  and
      Tsao, Yu  and
      Cheng, Shao-Hua  and
      Chan, Kai-Hsuan  and
      Liao, Chia-Wei  and
      Chang, Wen-Tsung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1016",
    pages = "141--142",
}
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2013-hun,
    title = "混合聲音事件驗證在家庭自動化之應用 (Home environmental sound recognition) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Lin, Chang-Hong  and
      Siahaan, Ernestasia  and
      Chen, Bo-Wei  and
      Chuang, Hsiang-Lung  and
      Hsieh, Wen-Chi  and
      Wang, Jia-Ching",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1017",
    pages = "143--153",
}
@inproceedings{yeh-etal-2013-yi,
    title = "以狄式分佈為基礎之多語聲學模型拆分及合併 (Multilingual Acoustic Model Splitting and Merging by Latent {D}irichlet Allocation) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yeh, Jui-Feng  and
      Li, Sheng-Feng  and
      Shiu, Shi-Sheng",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1018",
    pages = "154--167",
}
@inproceedings{wang-ye-2013-ji,
    title = "基於意見詞修飾關係之微網誌情感分析技術 (Microblog Sentiment Analysis based on Opinion Target Modifying Relations) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Wang, Jenq-Haur  and
      Ye, Ting-Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1019",
    pages = "168--182",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-etal-2013-zhu,
    title = "主要漢字形聲字發音規則探勘與視覺化 (Primary {C}hinese Semantic-Phonetic Compounds Pronunciation Rules Mining and Visualization) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hsu, Chien-Hui  and
      Tsai, Meng-Feng  and
      Chang, Chia-Hui  and
      Liao, Hsiang-Mei  and
      Li, Shu-Ping  and
      Wu, Denise H.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1020",
    pages = "183--197",
}
@inproceedings{chao-chung-2013-yu,
    title = "語料庫導向之方位短句於固定框架的共現概念統計分析 (A Corpus-driven Pattern Analysis in Locative Phrases: A Statistical Comparison of Co-appearing Concepts in Fixed Frames) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chao, August F.Y.  and
      Chung, Siaw-Fong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1021",
    pages = "198--210",
}
@inproceedings{samanta-chaudhuri-2013-simple,
    title = "A simple real-word error detection and correction using local word bigram and trigram",
    author = "Samanta, Pratip  and
      Chaudhuri, Bidyut B.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1022",
    pages = "211--220",
}
@inproceedings{chiu-etal-2013-jie,
    title = "結合關鍵詞驗證及語者驗證之雲端身份驗證系統 (A Cloud Speaker Authentication System Based on Keyword Verification and Speaker Verification) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chiu, Yi-Chin  and
      Fan, Chuan-Yen  and
      Lin, Bor-Shen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1023",
    pages = "221--235",
}
@inproceedings{lu-etal-2013-causing,
    title = "Causing Emotion in Collocation:An Exploratory Data Analysis",
    author = "Lu, Pei-Yu  and
      Chang, Yu-Yun  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1024",
    pages = "236--249",
}
@inproceedings{liu-etal-2013-observing,
    title = "Observing Features of {PTT} Neologisms: A Corpus-driven Study with N-gram Model",
    author = "Liu, Tsun-Jui  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai  and
      PREVOT, Laurent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1025",
    pages = "250--259",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2013-variability,
    title = "Variability in vowel formant frequencies of children with cerebral palsy",
    author = "Chen, Li-mei  and
      Lin, Yung-Chieh  and
      Hsu, Wei Chen  and
      Liao, Fang-hsin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1026",
    pages = "260--267",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2013-ji,
    title = "基於特徵為本及使用{SVM} 的文本對蘊涵關係的自動推論方法 (Textual Entailment Recognition Using Textual Features and {SVM}) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chang, Tao-Hsing  and
      Hsu, Yao-Chi  and
      Chang, Chung-Wei  and
      Hsu, Yao-Chuan  and
      Chen, Hsueh-Chih",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1027",
    pages = "268--277",
}
@inproceedings{chen-kao-2013-constructing,
    title = "Constructing Social Intentional Corpora to Predict Click-Through Rate for Search Advertising",
    author = "Chen, Yi-Ting  and
      Kao, Hung-Yu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1028",
    pages = "278--287",
}
@inproceedings{liu-lu-2013-location,
    title = "Location and Activity Recommendation by Using Consecutive Itinerary Matching Model",
    author = "Liu, Jiun-Shian  and
      Lu, Wen-Hsiang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ({ROCLING} 2013)",
    month = oct,
    year = "2013",
    address = "Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    publisher = "The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP)",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-1029",
    pages = "288--301",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2013-international,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 1, March 2013",
    author = "Tseng, Yuen-Hsien  and
      Chen, Kuang-hua",
    month = mar,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-2000",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-2013-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Coverage in Taiwan {M}andarin Conversation",
    author = "Tseng, Shu-Chuan",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 1, March 2013",
    month = mar,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-2001",
}
@inproceedings{chang-etal-2013-learning,
    title = "Learning to Find Translations and Transliterations on the Web based on Conditional Random Fields",
    author = "Chang, Joseph Z.  and
      Chang, Jason S.  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing Roger",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 1, March 2013",
    month = mar,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-2002",
}
@inproceedings{j-2013-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation Approaches and Survey for {I}ndian Languages",
    author = "J., Antony P.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 1, March 2013",
    month = mar,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-2003",
}
@inproceedings{das-bandyopadhyay-2013-emotion,
    title = "Emotion Co-referencing - Emotional Expression, Holder, and Topic",
    author = "Das, Dipankar  and
      Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 1, March 2013",
    month = mar,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-2004",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2013-international-journal,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 2, June 2013-Special Issue on {C}hinese Lexical Resources: Theories and Applications",
    author = "Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    month = jun,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-3000",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2013-assessing,
    title = "Assessing {C}hinese Readability using Term Frequency and Lexical Chain",
    author = "Chen, Yu-Ta  and
      Chen, Yaw-Huei  and
      Cheng, Yu-Chih",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 2, June 2013-Special Issue on {C}hinese Lexical Resources: Theories and Applications",
    month = jun,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-3001",
}
@inproceedings{hong-huang-2013-yi,
    title = "以中文十億詞語料庫為基礎之兩岸詞彙對比研究 (Cross-Strait Lexical Differences: A Comparative Study based on {C}hinese {G}igaword Corpus) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Hong, Jia-Fei  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 2, June 2013-Special Issue on {C}hinese Lexical Resources: Theories and Applications",
    month = jun,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-3002",
}
@inproceedings{chao-chung-2013-ji,
    title = "基於字典釋義關聯方法的同義詞概念擷取:以《同義詞詞林(擴展版)》為例 (A Definition-based Shared-concept Extraction within Groups of {C}hinese Synonyms: A Study Utilizing the Extended {C}hinese Synonym Forest) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Chao, F. Y. August  and
      Chung, Siaw-Fong",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 2, June 2013-Special Issue on {C}hinese Lexical Resources: Theories and Applications",
    month = jun,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-3003",
}
@inproceedings{hsu-hsieh-2013-back,
    title = "Back to the Basic: Exploring Base Concepts from the {W}ordnet Glosses",
    author = "Hsu, Chan-Chia  and
      Hsieh, Shu-Kai",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 2, June 2013-Special Issue on {C}hinese Lexical Resources: Theories and Applications",
    month = jun,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-3004",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2013-international-journal-linguistics,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 3, September 2013-Special Issue on Processing Lexical Tones in Natural Speech",
    author = "Tseng, Shu-Chuan",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-4000",
}
@inproceedings{liu-2013-implicit,
    title = "Implicit Priming Effects in {C}hinese Word Recall: The Role of Orthography and Tones in the Mental Lexicon",
    author = "Liu, Nian",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 3, September 2013-Special Issue on Processing Lexical Tones in Natural Speech",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-4001",
}
@inproceedings{yang-esposito-2013-understanding,
    title = "Understanding {M}andarin Prosody: Tonal and Contextual Variations in Spontaneous Conversation",
    author = "Yang, Li-chiung  and
      Esposito, Richard",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 3, September 2013-Special Issue on Processing Lexical Tones in Natural Speech",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-4002",
}
@inproceedings{shen-etal-2013-acoustic,
    title = "Acoustic Correlates of Contrastive Stress in Compound Words versus Verbal Phrase in {M}andarin {C}hinese",
    author = "Shen, Weilin  and
      Vaissi{\`e}re, Jacqueline  and
      Isel, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 3, September 2013-Special Issue on Processing Lexical Tones in Natural Speech",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-4003",
}
@inproceedings{ouyang-2013-non,
    title = "Non-segmental Cues for Syllable Perception: the Role of Local Tonal f0 and Global Speech Rate in Syllabification",
    author = "Ouyang, Iris Chuoying",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 3, September 2013-Special Issue on Processing Lexical Tones in Natural Speech",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-4004",
}
@inproceedings{tseng-etal-2013-tones,
    title = "Tones of Reduced T1-T4 {M}andarin Disyllables",
    author = "Tseng, Shu-Chuan  and
      Soemer, Alexander  and
      Lee, Tzu-Lun",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 3, September 2013-Special Issue on Processing Lexical Tones in Natural Speech",
    month = sep,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-4005",
}
@proceedings{rocling-ijclclp-2013-international-journal-linguistics-chinese,
    title = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 4, {D}ecember 2013-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXV}",
    author = "Chang, Chia-Hui  and
      Chen, Chia-Ping  and
      Wang, Jia-Ching",
    month = dec,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5000",
}
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2013-yun-han,
    title = "蘊涵句型分析於改進中文文字蘊涵識別系統 (Entailment Analysis for Improving {C}hinese Recognizing Textual Entailment System) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Yang, Shan-Shun  and
      Wu, Shih-Hung  and
      Chen, Liang-Pu  and
      Chiu, Hung-Sheng  and
      Yang, Ren-Dar",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 4, {D}ecember 2013-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXV}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5001",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2013-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Dictionary and Web N-grams for {C}hinese Spell Checking",
    author = "Wu, Jian-cheng  and
      Chiu, Hsun-wen  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 4, {D}ecember 2013-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXV}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5002",
}
@inproceedings{wu-etal-2013-correcting,
    title = "Correcting Serial Grammatical Errors based on N-grams and Syntax",
    author = "Wu, Jian-cheng  and
      Chang, Jim  and
      Chang, Jason S.",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 4, {D}ecember 2013-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXV}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5003",
}
@inproceedings{chung-chen-2013-semantic-based,
    title = "A Semantic-Based Approach to Noun-Noun Compound Interpretation",
    author = "Chung, You-shan  and
      Chen, Keh-Jiann",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 4, {D}ecember 2013-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXV}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5004",
}
@inproceedings{cheng-etal-2013-hmm,
    title = "{HMM}-based {M}andarin Singing Voice Synthesis Using Tailored Synthesis Units and Question Sets",
    author = "Cheng, Ju-Yun  and
      Huang, Yi-Chin  and
      Wu, Chung-Hsien",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 4, {D}ecember 2013-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXV}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5005",
}
@inproceedings{li-etal-2013-shi-yong,
    title = "使用語音評分技術輔助台語語料的驗證 (Using Speech Assessment Technique for the Validation of {T}aiwanese Speech Corpus) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Li, Yu-Jhe  and
      Wang, Chung-Che  and
      Chen, Liang-Yu  and
      Jang, Jyh-Shing Roger  and
      Lyu, Ren-Yuan",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 4, {D}ecember 2013-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXV}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5006",
}
@inproceedings{gu-chang-2013-ji-yu,
    title = "基於音段式{LMR}對映之語音轉換方法的改進 (Improving of Segmental {LMR}-Mapping Based Voice Conversion Method) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Gu, Hung-Yan  and
      Chang, Jia-Wei",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 4, {D}ecember 2013-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXV}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5007",
}
@inproceedings{fan-etal-2013-za-xun,
    title = "雜訊環境下應用線性估測編碼於特徵時序列之強健性語音辨識 (Employing Linear Prediction Coding in Feature Time Sequences for Robust Speech Recognition in Noisy Environments) [In {C}hinese]",
    author = "Fan, Hao-teng  and
      Tseng, Wen-yu  and
      Hung, Jeih-weih",
    booktitle = "International Journal of Computational Linguistics {\&} {C}hinese Language Processing, Volume 18, Number 4, {D}ecember 2013-Special Issue on Selected Papers from {ROCLING} {XXV}",
    month = dec,
    year = "2013",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5008",
}
@article{cl-1977-american,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (February 1977)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 1",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 59",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-1001",
    pages = "1--47",
    abstract = "Editorial Board: Three Years Terms Inaugurated; Eulogy Of {A} {L}judskanov (G Rondeau); Letters Concerning {I}gor {M}el{'}chuk (Donald F. Walker); {IFIP} Congress 77: Invited Speakers, etc; Compcom Spring 1977: Program Excerpts (Stephan W. Miller); {COLING} 76: Invited Papers Published in {SMIL}; {SMIL} Journal Oo Linguistic Calculus (New Policy); Research in Progress: {SSIE} Search Service; Epigraphy: Informatic Methods - Papers Published; Linguistics And Philosophy (New Journal) (Robert Wall); {C}anadian Linguistics Institute; Patent Information and Documentation: Symposium, Munich; {LACUS} Forum (Michael Paradis); {IFIP} on Selection and Acquisition of Data Base Systems; National Computer Conference 1977: Major Speakers, etc (Mark Shepherd Jr.); Information Industry Association Conference; {ASIS} Officers for 1977 (Margeret T. Fischer); Taxonomy of Computer Science; Meetings; {AFIPS} Seminar for {FCC} on Data Communications; Notice to {AJCL} contributors: Short-Paper Format",
}
@article{wyllys-1977-review,
    title = "Review: \textit{ {D}ynamic {I}nformation and {L}ibrary {P}rocessing}, by {G}erard {S}alton",
    author = "Wyllys, Ronald E.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 59",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-1002",
    pages = "48--56",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 1 (continued)",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 59",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-1003",
    pages = "57--97",
    abstract = "Current Bibliography",
}
@article{melby-etal-1977-pitch,
    title = "Pitch Contour Generation in Speech Synthesis: A {J}unction {G}rammar Approach",
    author = "Melby, Alan K.  and
      Strong, William J.  and
      Lytle, Eldon G.  and
      Millett, Ronald",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 60",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-1004",
}
@article{maxwell-tuggle-1977-towards,
    title = "Towards a {``}Natural{''} Language Question-Answering Facility",
    author = "Maxwell, Bill D.  and
      Tuggle, Francis D.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 61",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-1005",
}
@article{scott-etal-1977-explanation,
    title = "Explanation Capabilities of Production-Based Consultation Systems",
    author = "Scott, A. Carlisle  and
      Clancey, William J.  and
      Davis, Randall  and
      Shortliffe, Edward H.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 62",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-1006",
    pages = "1--50",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string-volume,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 1 (continued)",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 62",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-1007",
    pages = "57--77",
    abstract = "{AFIPS} {W}ashington Report",
}
@article{joshi-weischedel-1977-computation,
    title = "Computation of a Subclass of Inferences: Presupposition and Entailment",
    author = "Joshi, Aravind K.  and
      Weischedel, Ralph",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 63",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-1008",
    pages = "1--54",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string-volume-14,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 1 (continued)",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = feb,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 63",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-1009",
    pages = "57--75",
    abstract = "{NFAIS} Annual Conference; {AAAS} Section on Information and Communication--T; New Journal: Journal of Pragmatics; Informatique Interactive et Sciences de l'Homme; {S}tanford Phonology Archive Invites Retrieval Requests",
}
@article{cl-1977-american-journal,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (May 1977)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = may,
    year = "1977",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string-volume-14-number,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 2",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = may,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 64",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-2001",
    abstract = "Report of the {ACL} 1977 Annual Meeting Panel on Speech Understanding and Computational Linguistics: A Critical Examination of the {ARPA} Project (Stanley R. Petrick); Essays on Lexical Semantics, Vol {II}, edited by {V}. {J}u. {R}ozencvejg (Ernst von Glasersfeld); Constituent and Pattern in Poetry, {A}rchibald {A}. {H}ill (James Joyce); Current Bibliography",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string-volume-14-number-3,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 3",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = may,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 65",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-2002",
    abstract = "{ACL} Presidental Address 1977 (Paul G. Chapin); Editor{'}s Report 1976; Editorial Board Meeting, March 17, 1977; Minutes: 15th Annual {ACL} Business Meeting (Donald E. Walker); {ACL}: Secretary-Treasurer{'}s Report; Suggestions for Contributors; Researching Foundations (James Klevens); {NSF}: Linguistics Programs, Grant List; National Institute of Education, Grants and Proposals; National Endowment for the Humanities; {NFAIS}: H. W. Koch, President-Elect; {NFAIS}: Overlap Report; {IFIP}: Recent Publications; {UNESCO} {SPINES} Thesaurus; {BBN} Speech Understanding System, Final Report; Natural Language Understanding at {SRI}; {AFCET} Conference (E. Chouraqui; J. Virbel); Fifth International Joint {AI} (Edward Fredkin); 5th International Congress of Applied Linguistics (Jacques D. Gerard); {IFIP} Congress 1977; {MEDINFO} 1977; {C}anadian Linguistics Institute (Robert F. Bell); Fourth {LACUS} Forum (Michel Paradis); International Seminar on {QA} and Data Base Systems (Pr. J. C. Simon; Pr. L. Siklossy); Computer Music Conference; Conference: Very Large Data Bases; International Computer Symposium; Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Conference; {AFIPS} {W}ashington Report; {ACM} Student Paper Competition (J. A. N. Lee)",
}
@article{cl-1977-american-journal-linguistics,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (September 1977)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1977",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string-volume-14-number-4,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 4",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 66",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-3001",
    abstract = "{COLING}-78: Call for Papers (A. Zampolli); Metaphor And Thought: A Conference; Conference on Algorithms for Image and Scene Analysis (K. S. Fu; A. S. Rosefeld); Recent Conferences; {NFAIS} Notes; {N}orthwestern Merges {EE} and {CS} (Stephen S. Yau); {NHPRC} Grant Information; {ICCP} Announces Certificate in Computer Programming; {ACM} Employment Register 1978; {MARSHA}, the Daughter Of {ELIZA} (John K. Cipolaro; Nicholas V. Findler); {AFIPS} Presidential Address, 1976 {NCC}, Dr. Anthony Ralston; {AFIPS} Press Publicatons 1977-1978; {AFIPS} {W}ashington Report (Pender M. McCarter); Linguistic Institute 1978",
}
@article{moore-etal-1977-goal,
    title = "A Goal Oriented Model of Human Dialogue",
    author = "Moore, James A.  and
      Levin, James A.  and
      Mann, William C.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 67",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-3002",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string-volume-14-number-5,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 5",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = sep,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 68",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-3003",
    abstract = "Aspects of {E}nglish Sentence Stress, by Susan F. Schmerling (Dwight Bolinger)); Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 11, edited by Martha E. Williams (Ralph Weischedel); Factors Influencing the Placement of {E}nglish Adverbs in Relation to Auxiliaries, by Sven Jacobson (Ivar Tonisson); Fondazione Dalle Molle: Bibliography 1977; New Journal: Linguistic{\ae} Investigationes (John Benjamins B V); New Journal: Studies in language (John Benjamins B V); Arts and Humanities Citation Index (Susan Deutch); Current Bibliography",
}
@article{cl-1977-american-journal-linguistics-december,
    title = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics (December 1977)",
    author = "Hays, David G.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1977",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string-volume-14-number-6,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 6",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 69",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-4001",
    abstract = "{ACL} Officers 1978; {AJCL} Editorial Board (John L. Bennett; Wallace Chafe); {ACL} Annual Meeting 1978 (David L. Waltz); {ACL} 78 Session Descriptions; {TINLAP}-2 Proceedings Supplement Canceled (Dr. Donald E. Walker); {ACL} Membership List: Individuals 1977; {ACL} {U}nited {S}tates Institutional Members 1977; {ACL} Foreign Institutional Members 1977; Vingt Cinq Annees de Recherches en Synthese de la Parole, Michel Chafcouloff (Andre Malecot); Information * Politics: Proceedings of the {ASIS} Annual Meeting, Vol. 13, compiled by Susan K. Martin (Gerard Salton); Taxonomy of Computer Science (Anthony Ralston); {COLING} 78 (A. Zampolli); {NCC} 78; Improving Data Base Utility and Response: Conference (A. Reiter); Upcoming Conferences; Natural Language and {AI} at {Y}ale; Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (T. Pavlidis); 1978 Linguistics Institute; {AFIPS} {W}ashington Report",
}
@article{young-1977-text,
    title = "Text Understanding: A Survey",
    author = "Young, Robert",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 70",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-4002",
}
@article{sondheimer-1977-spatial,
    title = "Spatial Reference and Semantic Nets",
    author = "Sondheimer, Norman K.",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 71",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-4003",
    pages = "1--67",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string-volume-14-number-6-continued,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 6 (continued)",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 71",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-4004",
    pages = "71--98",
    abstract = "{AFIPS} {W}ashington Report",
}
@article{nn-1977-finite-string-volume-14-number-7,
    title = "The FINITE STRING, Volume 14, Number 7",
    journal = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "1977",
    note = "Microfiche 72",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J77-4005",
    abstract = "Computational Semantics edited by {E}ugene {C}harniak and {Y}orick {W}ilks (Stuart Shapiro); Introduction to Contemporary Linguistics Semantics, by {G}eorge {L}. {D}illon (James D. McCawley); Current Bibliography; {BBN} Publications on Intelligent {CAI}",
}
@article{cl-1988-linguistics,
    title = "Computational Linguistics Association, Formerly the {A}merican Journal of Computational Linguistics, Volume 14, Number 1, Winter 1988",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1000",
}
@article{gazdar-etal-1988-category,
    title = "CATEGORY STRUCTURES",
    author = "Gazdar, Gerald  and
      Pullum, Geoffrey K.  and
      Carpenter, Robert  and
      Hukari, Thomas E.  and
      Levine, Robert D.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1001",
}
@article{sato-1988-common,
    title = "A COMMON PARSING SCHEME FOR LEFT-AND RIGHT-BRANCHING LANGUAGES",
    author = "Sato, Paul T.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1002",
}
@article{derose-1988-grammatical,
    title = "GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY DISAMBIGUATION BY STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION",
    author = "DeRose, Steven J.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1003",
}
@article{mellish-1988-implementing,
    title = "IMPLEMENTING SYSTEMIC CLASSIFICATION BY UNIFICATION",
    author = "Mellish, C. S.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1004",
}
@article{litkowski-1988-letter,
    title = "Letter to the Editor:",
    author = "Litkowski, Kenneth C.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1005",
}
@article{klinger-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN PROBLEM SOLVING",
    author = "Klinger, Allen",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1006",
}
@article{thomas-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Computer Speech Processing",
    author = "Thomas, John C.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1007",
}
@article{schubert-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Parsing Natural Language",
    author = "Schubert, Klaus",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1008",
}
@article{somers-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Machine Translation: Theoretical and Methodological Issues",
    author = "Somers, Harold",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1009",
}
@article{nn-1988-books,
    title = "Books Received",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1010",
}
@article{nn-1988-abstracts,
    title = "Abstracts of Current Literature",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1011",
}
@article{nn-1988-author,
    title = "Author Index: Volumes 6-13",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1012",
}
@article{nn-1988-title,
    title = "Title Index: Volumes 6-13",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1013",
}
@article{nn-1988-advertisements,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "1",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-1014",
}
@article{cl-1988-linguistics-14,
    title = "Computational Linguistics, Volume 14, Number 2, June 1988",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2000",
}
@article{webber-1988-foreword,
    title = "Foreword to Special Issue on Tense and Aspect",
    author = "Webber, Bonnie Lynn",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2001",
    pages = "1--2",
}
@article{hinrichs-1988-tense,
    title = "Tense, Quantifiers, and Contexts",
    author = "Hinrichs, Erhard W.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2002",
    pages = "3--14",
}
@article{moens-steedman-1988-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Ontology and Temporal Reference",
    author = "Moens, Marc  and
      Steedman, Mark",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2003",
    pages = "15--28",
}
@article{nakhimovsky-1988-aspect,
    title = "Aspect, Aspectual class, and the Temporal Structure of Narrative",
    author = "Nakhimovsky, Alexander",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2004",
    pages = "29--43",
}
@article{passonneau-1988-computational,
    title = "A Computational Model of the Semantics of Tense and Aspect",
    author = "Passonneau, Rebecca J.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2005",
    pages = "44--60",
}
@article{webber-1988-tense,
    title = "Tense as Discourse Anaphor",
    author = "Webber, Bonnie Lynn",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2006",
    pages = "61--73",
}
@article{bolc-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: FOUNDATIONS OF ILLOCUTIONARY",
    author = "Bolc, Leonard",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2007",
}
@article{corriveau-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Memory and Context for Language Interpretation",
    author = "Corriveau, Jean-Pierre",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2008",
}
@article{karjalainen-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: From Text to Speech: The {MIT}alk System",
    author = "Karjalainen, Matti",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2009",
}
@article{whitelock-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: {J}apanese Phrase Structure Grammar: A Unification-Based Approach",
    author = "Whitelock, Pete",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2010",
}
@article{saint-dizier-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis",
    author = "Saint-Dizier, Patrick",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2011",
}
@article{batiko-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Efficient Parsing for Natural Language, A FAST ALGORITHM FOR PRACTICAL SYSTEMS",
    author = "Batiko, Miroslaw",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2012",
}
@article{nn-1988-briefly,
    title = "Briefly Noted",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2013",
}
@article{nn-1988-books-received,
    title = "Books Received",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2014",
}
@article{nn-1988-abstracts-current,
    title = "Abstracts of Current Literature",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2015",
}
@article{nn-1988-advertisements-2,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "2",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-2016",
}
@article{cl-1988-linguistics-14-number,
    title = "Computational Linguistics, Volume 14, Number 3, September 1988",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3000",
}
@article{nn-1988-preface,
    title = "PREFACE: THE HISTORY OF THIS VOLUME",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3001",
    pages = "1--4",
}
@article{kass-finin-1988-modeling,
    title = "Modeling the User in Natural Language Systems",
    author = "Kass, Robert  and
      Finin, Tim",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3002",
    pages = "5--22",
}
@article{carberry-flowers-1988-modeling,
    title = "Modeling the User{'}s Plans and Goals",
    author = "Carberry, Sandra  and
      Flowers, Margot",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3003",
    pages = "23--37",
}
@article{quilici-etal-1988-recognizing,
    title = "Recognizing and Responding to Plan-Oriented Misconceptions",
    author = "Quilici, Alex  and
      Dyer, Michael G.  and
      Flowers, Margot",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3004",
    pages = "38--51",
}
@article{mccoy-1988-reasoning,
    title = "Reasoning on a Highlighted User Model to Respond to Misconceptions",
    author = "McCoy, Kathleen F.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3005",
    pages = "52--63",
}
@article{paris-1988-tailoring,
    title = "Tailoring Object Descriptions to a User{'}s Level of Expertise",
    author = "Paris, Cecile L.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3006",
    pages = "64--78",
}
@article{nn-1988-introduction,
    title = "INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCUSSION SECTION",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3007",
}
@article{schuster-1988-establishing,
    title = "ESTABLISHING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCOURSE MODELS AND USER MODELS",
    author = "Schuster, Ethel",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3008",
}
@article{chin-1988-user,
    title = "USER MODELS AND DISCOURSE MODELS",
    author = "Chin, David N.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3009",
}
@article{cohen-1988-relationship,
    title = "ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN USER MODELS AND DISCOURSE MODELS",
    author = "Cohen, Robin",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3010",
}
@article{kobsa-1988-user,
    title = "USER MODELS AND DISCOURSE MODELS: UNITED THEY STAND . . .",
    author = "Kobsa, Alfred",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3011",
}
@article{morik-1988-discourse,
    title = "DISCOURSE MODELS, DIALOG MEMORIES, AND USER MODELS",
    author = "Morik, Katharina",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3012",
}
@article{jones-1988-user,
    title = "USER MODELS, DISCOURSE MODELS, AND SOME OTHERS",
    author = "Jones, Karen Sparck",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3013",
}
@article{wahlster-1988-distinguishing,
    title = "DISTINGUISHING USER MODELS FROM DISCOURSE MODELS",
    author = "Wahlster, Wolfgang",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3014",
}
@article{burger-1988-letter,
    title = "Letter to the Editor",
    author = "Burger, Henry G.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3015",
}
@article{rapaport-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: LANGUAGE AND REALITY: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE",
    author = "Rapaport, William J.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3016",
}
@article{bienkowski-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Natural Language Generation, NEW RESULTS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PSYCHOLOGY, AND lINGUISTICS",
    author = "Bienkowski, Marie",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3017",
}
@article{mccoy-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: The Linguistic Basis of Text Generation",
    author = "McCoy, Kathleen",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3018",
}
@article{gigley-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Cognitive Science: An Introduction",
    author = "Gigley, Helen M.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3019",
}
@article{kittredge-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Machine Translation: Past, Present, Future",
    author = "Kittredge, Richard",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3020",
}
@article{nn-1988-advertisements-3,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "3",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-3021",
}
@article{cl-1988-linguistics-14-number-4,
    title = "Computational Linguistics, Volume 14, Number 4, {D}ecember 1988, {LFP}: A Logic for Linguistic Descriptions and an Analysis of its Complexity",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4000",
}
@article{rounds-1988-lfp,
    title = "{LFP}: A LOGIC FOR LINGUISTIC DESCRIPTIONS AND AN ANALYSIS OF ITS COMPLEXITY",
    author = "Rounds, William C.",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4001",
}
@article{clifford-1988-natural,
    title = "NATURAL LANGUAGE QUERYING OF HISTORICAL DATABASES",
    author = "Clifford, James",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4002",
}
@article{wilensky-etal-1988-berkeley,
    title = "THE BERKELEY UNIX CONSULTANT PROJECT",
    author = "Wilensky, Robert  and
      Chin, David N.  and
      Luria, Marc  and
      Martin, James  and
      Mayfield, James  and
      Wu, Dekai",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4003",
}
@article{machova-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: SYNONYMY AND SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION",
    author = "Machova, Svatava",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4004",
}
@article{cohen-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Reasoning and Discourse Processes",
    author = "Cohen, Robin",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4005",
}
@article{nevin-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Language and Information",
    author = "Nevin, Bruce",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4006",
}
@article{lesk-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: The Computational Analysis of {E}nglish: A Corpus based Approach",
    author = "Lesk, Michael",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4007",
}
@article{jones-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity",
    author = "Jones, Karen Sparck",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4008",
}
@article{somers-1988-book-reviews,
    title = "Book Reviews: The Fifth Generation Fallacy: Why Japan is Betting Its Future on Artificial Intelligence",
    author = "Somers, Harold",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4009",
}
@article{kac-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: Natural Language Understanding",
    author = "Kac, Michael",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4010",
}
@article{ballard-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: A Natural Language Interface for Computer-Aided Design",
    author = "Ballard, Bruce",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4011",
}
@article{manaster-ramer-1988-book,
    title = "Book Reviews: The Formal Complexity of Natural Language",
    author = "Manaster-Ramer, Alexis",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4012",
}
@article{nn-1988-briefly-noted,
    title = "Briefly Noted",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4013",
}
@article{nn-1988-books-recieved,
    title = "Books Recieved",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4014",
}
@article{nn-1988-abstracts-current-literature,
    title = "Abstracts of Current Literature",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4015",
}
@article{nn-1988-advertisements-4,
    title = "Advertisements",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "14",
    number = "4",
    year = "1988",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J88-4016",
}
@proceedings{conll-2017-natural,
    title = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    author = "Levy, Roger  and
      Specia, Lucia",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1000",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1",
}
@inproceedings{dyer-2017-neural,
    title = "Should Neural Network Architecture Reflect Linguistic Structure?",
    author = "Dyer, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1001",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1001",
    pages = "1",
    abstract = "I explore the hypothesis that conventional neural network models (e.g., recurrent neural networks) are incorrectly biased for making linguistically sensible generalizations when learning, and that a better class of models is based on architectures that reflect hierarchical structures for which considerable behavioral evidence exists. I focus on the problem of modeling and representing the meanings of sentences. On the generation front, I introduce recurrent neural network grammars (RNNGs), a joint, generative model of phrase-structure trees and sentences. RNNGs operate via a recursive syntactic process reminiscent of probabilistic context-free grammar generation, but decisions are parameterized using RNNs that condition on the entire (top-down, left-to-right) syntactic derivation history, thus relaxing context-free independence assumptions, while retaining a bias toward explaining decisions via {``}syntactically local{''} conditioning contexts. Experiments show that RNNGs obtain better results in generating language than models that don{'}t exploit linguistic structure. On the representation front, I explore unsupervised learning of syntactic structures based on distant semantic supervision using a reinforcement-learning algorithm. The learner seeks a syntactic structure that provides a compositional architecture that produces a good representation for a downstream semantic task. Although the inferred structures are quite different from traditional syntactic analyses, the performance on the downstream tasks surpasses that of systems that use sequential RNNs and tree-structured RNNs based on treebank dependencies. This is joint work with Adhi Kuncoro, Dani Yogatama, Miguel Ballesteros, Phil Blunsom, Ed Grefenstette, Wang Ling, and Noah A. Smith.",
}
@inproceedings{feldman-2017-rational,
    title = "Rational Distortions of Learners{'} Linguistic Input",
    author = "Feldman, Naomi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1002",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1002",
    pages = "2",
    abstract = "Language acquisition can be modeled as a statistical inference problem: children use sentences and sounds in their input to infer linguistic structure. However, in many cases, children learn from data whose statistical structure is distorted relative to the language they are learning. Such distortions can arise either in the input itself, or as a result of children{'}s immature strategies for encoding their input. This work examines several cases in which the statistical structure of children{'}s input differs from the language being learned. Analyses show that these distortions of the input can be accounted for with a statistical learning framework by carefully considering the inference problems that learners solve during language acquisition",
}
@inproceedings{enguehard-etal-2017-exploring,
    title = "Exploring the Syntactic Abilities of {RNN}s with Multi-task Learning",
    author = "Enguehard, {\'E}mile  and
      Goldberg, Yoav  and
      Linzen, Tal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1003",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1003",
    pages = "3--14",
    abstract = "Recent work has explored the syntactic abilities of RNNs using the subject-verb agreement task, which diagnoses sensitivity to sentence structure. RNNs performed this task well in common cases, but faltered in complex sentences (Linzen et al., 2016). We test whether these errors are due to inherent limitations of the architecture or to the relatively indirect supervision provided by most agreement dependencies in a corpus. We trained a single RNN to perform both the agreement task and an additional task, either CCG supertagging or language modeling. Multi-task training led to significantly lower error rates, in particular on complex sentences, suggesting that RNNs have the ability to evolve more sophisticated syntactic representations than shown before. We also show that easily available agreement training data can improve performance on other syntactic tasks, in particular when only a limited amount of training data is available for those tasks. The multi-task paradigm can also be leveraged to inject grammatical knowledge into language models.",
}
@inproceedings{schwartz-etal-2017-effect,
    title = "The Effect of Different Writing Tasks on Linguistic Style: A Case Study of the {ROC} Story Cloze Task",
    author = "Schwartz, Roy  and
      Sap, Maarten  and
      Konstas, Ioannis  and
      Zilles, Leila  and
      Choi, Yejin  and
      Smith, Noah A.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1004",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1004",
    pages = "15--25",
    abstract = "A writer{'}s style depends not just on personal traits but also on her intent and mental state. In this paper, we show how variants of the same writing task can lead to measurable differences in writing style. We present a case study based on the story cloze task (Mostafazadeh et al., 2016a), where annotators were assigned similar writing tasks with different constraints: (1) writing an entire story, (2) adding a story ending for a given story context, and (3) adding an incoherent ending to a story. We show that a simple linear classifier informed by stylistic features is able to successfully distinguish among the three cases, without even looking at the story context. In addition, combining our stylistic features with language model predictions reaches state of the art performance on the story cloze challenge. Our results demonstrate that different task framings can dramatically affect the way people write.",
}
@inproceedings{sun-etal-2017-parsing,
    title = "Parsing for Grammatical Relations via Graph Merging",
    author = "Sun, Weiwei  and
      Du, Yantao  and
      Wan, Xiaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1005",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1005",
    pages = "26--35",
    abstract = "This paper is concerned with building deep grammatical relation (GR) analysis using data-driven approach. To deal with this problem, we propose graph merging, a new perspective, for building flexible dependency graphs: Constructing complex graphs via constructing simple subgraphs. We discuss two key problems in this perspective: (1) how to decompose a complex graph into simple subgraphs, and (2) how to combine subgraphs into a coherent complex graph. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of graph merging. Our parser reaches state-of-the-art performance and is significantly better than two transition-based parsers.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2017-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging Eventive Information for Better Metaphor Detection and Classification",
    author = "Chen, I-Hsuan  and
      Long, Yunfei  and
      Lu, Qin  and
      Huang, Chu-Ren",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1006",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1006",
    pages = "36--46",
    abstract = "Metaphor detection has been both challenging and rewarding in natural language processing applications. This study offers a new approach based on eventive information in detecting metaphors by leveraging the Chinese writing system, which is a culturally bound ontological system organized according to the basic concepts represented by radicals. As such, the information represented is available in all Chinese text without pre-processing. Since metaphor detection is another culturally based conceptual representation, we hypothesize that sub-textual information can facilitate the identification and classification of the types of metaphoric events denoted in Chinese text. We propose a set of syntactic conditions crucial to event structures to improve the model based on the classification of radical groups. With the proposed syntactic conditions, the model achieves a performance of 0.8859 in terms of F-scores, making 1.7{\%} of improvement than the same classifier with only Bag-of-word features. Results show that eventive information can improve the effectiveness of metaphor detection. Event information is rooted in every language, and thus this approach has a high potential to be applied to metaphor detection in other languages.",
}
@inproceedings{uryupina-moschitti-2017-collaborative,
    title = "Collaborative Partitioning for Coreference Resolution",
    author = "Uryupina, Olga  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1007",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1007",
    pages = "47--57",
    abstract = "This paper presents a collaborative partitioning algorithm{---}a novel ensemble-based approach to coreference resolution. Starting from the all-singleton partition, we search for a solution close to the ensemble{'}s outputs in terms of a task-specific similarity measure. Our approach assumes a loose integration of individual components of the ensemble and can therefore combine arbitrary coreference resolvers, regardless of their models. Our experiments on the CoNLL dataset show that collaborative partitioning yields results superior to those attained by the individual components, for ensembles of both strong and weak systems. Moreover, by applying the collaborative partitioning algorithm on top of three state-of-the-art resolvers, we obtain the best coreference performance reported so far in the literature (MELA v08 score of 64.47).",
}
@inproceedings{eshel-etal-2017-named,
    title = "Named Entity Disambiguation for Noisy Text",
    author = "Eshel, Yotam  and
      Cohen, Noam  and
      Radinsky, Kira  and
      Markovitch, Shaul  and
      Yamada, Ikuya  and
      Levy, Omer",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1008",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1008",
    pages = "58--68",
    abstract = "We address the task of Named Entity Disambiguation (NED) for noisy text. We present WikilinksNED, a large-scale NED dataset of text fragments from the web, which is significantly noisier and more challenging than existing news-based datasets. To capture the limited and noisy local context surrounding each mention, we design a neural model and train it with a novel method for sampling informative negative examples. We also describe a new way of initializing word and entity embeddings that significantly improves performance. Our model significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods on WikilinksNED while achieving comparable performance on a smaller newswire dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{sharp-etal-2017-tell,
    title = "Tell Me Why: Using Question Answering as Distant Supervision for Answer Justification",
    author = "Sharp, Rebecca  and
      Surdeanu, Mihai  and
      Jansen, Peter  and
      Valenzuela-Esc{\'a}rcega, Marco A.  and
      Clark, Peter  and
      Hammond, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1009",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1009",
    pages = "69--79",
    abstract = "For many applications of question answering (QA), being able to explain why a given model chose an answer is critical. However, the lack of labeled data for answer justifications makes learning this difficult and expensive. Here we propose an approach that uses answer ranking as distant supervision for learning how to select informative justifications, where justifications serve as inferential connections between the question and the correct answer while often containing little lexical overlap with either. We propose a neural network architecture for QA that reranks answer justifications as an intermediate (and human-interpretable) step in answer selection. Our approach is informed by a set of features designed to combine both learned representations and explicit features to capture the connection between questions, answers, and answer justifications. We show that with this end-to-end approach we are able to significantly improve upon a strong IR baseline in both justification ranking (+9{\%} rated highly relevant) and answer selection (+6{\%} P@1).",
}
@inproceedings{khashabi-etal-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning What is Essential in Questions",
    author = "Khashabi, Daniel  and
      Khot, Tushar  and
      Sabharwal, Ashish  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1010",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1010",
    pages = "80--89",
    abstract = "Question answering (QA) systems are easily distracted by irrelevant or redundant words in questions, especially when faced with long or multi-sentence questions in difficult domains. This paper introduces and studies the notion of essential question terms with the goal of improving such QA solvers. We illustrate the importance of essential question terms by showing that humans{'} ability to answer questions drops significantly when essential terms are eliminated from questions.We then develop a classifier that reliably (90{\%} mean average precision) identifies and ranks essential terms in questions. Finally, we use the classifier to demonstrate that the notion of question term essentiality allows state-of-the-art QA solver for elementary-level science questions to make better and more informed decisions,improving performance by up to 5{\%}.We also introduce a new dataset of over 2,200 crowd-sourced essential terms annotated science questions.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2017-top,
    title = "Top-Rank Enhanced Listwise Optimization for Statistical Machine Translation",
    author = "Chen, Huadong  and
      Huang, Shujian  and
      Chiang, David  and
      Dai, Xinyu  and
      Chen, Jiajun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1011",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1011",
    pages = "90--99",
    abstract = "Pairwise ranking methods are the most widely used discriminative training approaches for structure prediction problems in natural language processing (NLP). Decomposing the problem of ranking hypotheses into pairwise comparisons enables simple and efficient solutions. However, neglecting the global ordering of the hypothesis list may hinder learning. We propose a listwise learning framework for structure prediction problems such as machine translation. Our framework directly models the entire translation list{'}s ordering to learn parameters which may better fit the given listwise samples. Furthermore, we propose top-rank enhanced loss functions, which are more sensitive to ranking errors at higher positions. Experiments on a large-scale Chinese-English translation task show that both our listwise learning framework and top-rank enhanced listwise losses lead to significant improvements in translation quality.",
}
@inproceedings{mancini-etal-2017-embedding,
    title = "Embedding Words and Senses Together via Joint Knowledge-Enhanced Training",
    author = "Mancini, Massimiliano  and
      Camacho-Collados, Jose  and
      Iacobacci, Ignacio  and
      Navigli, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1012",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1012",
    pages = "100--111",
    abstract = "Word embeddings are widely used in Natural Language Processing, mainly due to their success in capturing semantic information from massive corpora. However, their creation process does not allow the different meanings of a word to be automatically separated, as it conflates them into a single vector. We address this issue by proposing a new model which learns word and sense embeddings jointly. Our model exploits large corpora and knowledge from semantic networks in order to produce a unified vector space of word and sense embeddings. We evaluate the main features of our approach both qualitatively and quantitatively in a variety of tasks, highlighting the advantages of the proposed method in comparison to state-of-the-art word- and sense-based models.",
}
@inproceedings{vulic-etal-2017-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Selection of Context Configurations for Improved Class-Specific Word Representations",
    author = "Vuli{\'c}, Ivan  and
      Schwartz, Roy  and
      Rappoport, Ari  and
      Reichart, Roi  and
      Korhonen, Anna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1013",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1013",
    pages = "112--122",
    abstract = "This paper is concerned with identifying contexts useful for training word representation models for different word classes such as adjectives (A), verbs (V), and nouns (N). We introduce a simple yet effective framework for an automatic selection of class-specific context configurations. We construct a context configuration space based on universal dependency relations between words, and efficiently search this space with an adapted beam search algorithm. In word similarity tasks for each word class, we show that our framework is both effective and efficient. Particularly, it improves the Spearman{'}s rho correlation with human scores on SimLex-999 over the best previously proposed class-specific contexts by 6 (A), 6 (V) and 5 (N) rho points. With our selected context configurations, we train on only 14{\%} (A), 26.2{\%} (V), and 33.6{\%} (N) of all dependency-based contexts, resulting in a reduced training time. Our results generalise: we show that the configurations our algorithm learns for one English training setup outperform previously proposed context types in another training setup for English. Moreover, basing the configuration space on universal dependencies, it is possible to transfer the learned configurations to German and Italian. We also demonstrate improved per-class results over other context types in these two languages..",
}
@inproceedings{jameel-schockaert-2017-modeling,
    title = "Modeling Context Words as Regions: An Ordinal Regression Approach to Word Embedding",
    author = "Jameel, Shoaib  and
      Schockaert, Steven",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1014",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1014",
    pages = "123--133",
    abstract = "Vector representations of word meaning have found many applications in the field of natural language processing. Word vectors intuitively represent the average context in which a given word tends to occur, but they cannot explicitly model the diversity of these contexts. Although region representations of word meaning offer a natural alternative to word vectors, only few methods have been proposed that can effectively learn word regions. In this paper, we propose a new word embedding model which is based on SVM regression. We show that the underlying ranking interpretation of word contexts is sufficient to match, and sometimes outperform, the performance of popular methods such as Skip-gram. Furthermore, we show that by using a quadratic kernel, we can effectively learn word regions, which outperform existing unsupervised models for the task of hypernym detection.",
}
@inproceedings{torabi-asr-jones-2017-artificial,
    title = "An Artificial Language Evaluation of Distributional Semantic Models",
    author = "Torabi Asr, Fatemeh  and
      Jones, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1015",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1015",
    pages = "134--142",
    abstract = "Recent studies of distributional semantic models have set up a competition between word embeddings obtained from predictive neural networks and word vectors obtained from abstractive count-based models. This paper is an attempt to reveal the underlying contribution of additional training data and post-processing steps on each type of model in word similarity and relatedness inference tasks. We do so by designing an artificial language framework, training a predictive and a count-based model on data sampled from this grammar, and evaluating the resulting word vectors in paradigmatic and syntagmatic tasks defined with respect to the grammar.",
}
@inproceedings{song-etal-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning Word Representations with Regularization from Prior Knowledge",
    author = "Song, Yan  and
      Lee, Chia-Jung  and
      Xia, Fei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1016",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1016",
    pages = "143--152",
    abstract = "Conventional word embeddings are trained with specific criteria (e.g., based on language modeling or co-occurrence) inside a single information source, disregarding the opportunity for further calibration using external knowledge. This paper presents a unified framework that leverages pre-learned or external priors, in the form of a regularizer, for enhancing conventional language model-based embedding learning. We consider two types of regularizers. The first type is derived from topic distribution by running LDA on unlabeled data. The second type is based on dictionaries that are created with human annotation efforts. To effectively learn with the regularizers, we propose a novel data structure, trajectory softmax, in this paper. The resulting embeddings are evaluated by word similarity and sentiment classification. Experimental results show that our learning framework with regularization from prior knowledge improves embedding quality across multiple datasets, compared to a diverse collection of baseline methods.",
}
@inproceedings{dong-etal-2017-attention,
    title = "Attention-based Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network for Automatic Essay Scoring",
    author = "Dong, Fei  and
      Zhang, Yue  and
      Yang, Jie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1017",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1017",
    pages = "153--162",
    abstract = "Neural network models have recently been applied to the task of automatic essay scoring, giving promising results. Existing work used recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks to model input essays, giving grades based on a single vector representation of the essay. On the other hand, the relative advantages of RNNs and CNNs have not been compared. In addition, different parts of the essay can contribute differently for scoring, which is not captured by existing models. We address these issues by building a hierarchical sentence-document model to represent essays, using the attention mechanism to automatically decide the relative weights of words and sentences. Results show that our model outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of the attention mechanism.",
}
@inproceedings{paul-2017-feature,
    title = "Feature Selection as Causal Inference: Experiments with Text Classification",
    author = "Paul, Michael J.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1018",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1018",
    pages = "163--172",
    abstract = "This paper proposes a matching technique for learning causal associations between word features and class labels in document classification. The goal is to identify more meaningful and generalizable features than with only correlational approaches. Experiments with sentiment classification show that the proposed method identifies interpretable word associations with sentiment and improves classification performance in a majority of cases. The proposed feature selection method is particularly effective when applied to out-of-domain data.",
}
@inproceedings{peng-etal-2017-joint,
    title = "A Joint Model for Semantic Sequences: Frames, Entities, Sentiments",
    author = "Peng, Haoruo  and
      Chaturvedi, Snigdha  and
      Roth, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1019",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1019",
    pages = "173--183",
    abstract = "Understanding stories {--} sequences of events {--} is a crucial yet challenging natural language understanding task. These events typically carry multiple aspects of semantics including actions, entities and emotions. Not only does each individual aspect contribute to the meaning of the story, so does the interaction among these aspects. Building on this intuition, we propose to jointly model important aspects of semantic knowledge {--} frames, entities and sentiments {--} via a semantic language model. We achieve this by first representing these aspects{'} semantic units at an appropriate level of abstraction and then using the resulting vector representations for each semantic aspect to learn a joint representation via a neural language model. We show that the joint semantic language model is of high quality and can generate better semantic sequences than models that operate on the word level. We further demonstrate that our joint model can be applied to story cloze test and shallow discourse parsing tasks with improved performance and that each semantic aspect contributes to the model.",
}
@inproceedings{ruzsics-samardzic-2017-neural,
    title = "Neural Sequence-to-sequence Learning of Internal Word Structure",
    author = "Ruzsics, Tatyana  and
      Samard{\v{z}}i{\'c}, Tanja",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1020",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1020",
    pages = "184--194",
    abstract = "Learning internal word structure has recently been recognized as an important step in various multilingual processing tasks and in theoretical language comparison. In this paper, we present a neural encoder-decoder model for learning canonical morphological segmentation. Our model combines character-level sequence-to-sequence transformation with a language model over canonical segments. We obtain up to 4{\%} improvement over a strong character-level encoder-decoder baseline for three languages. Our model outperforms the previous state-of-the-art for two languages, while eliminating the need for external resources such as large dictionaries. Finally, by comparing the performance of encoder-decoder and classical statistical machine translation systems trained with and without corpus counts, we show that including corpus counts is beneficial to both approaches.",
}
@inproceedings{collins-etal-2017-supervised,
    title = "A Supervised Approach to Extractive Summarisation of Scientific Papers",
    author = "Collins, Ed  and
      Augenstein, Isabelle  and
      Riedel, Sebastian",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1021",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1021",
    pages = "195--205",
    abstract = "Automatic summarisation is a popular approach to reduce a document to its main arguments. Recent research in the area has focused on neural approaches to summarisation, which can be very data-hungry. However, few large datasets exist and none for the traditionally popular domain of scientific publications, which opens up challenging research avenues centered on encoding large, complex documents. In this paper, we introduce a new dataset for summarisation of computer science publications by exploiting a large resource of author provided summaries and show straightforward ways of extending it further. We develop models on the dataset making use of both neural sentence encoding and traditionally used summarisation features and show that models which encode sentences as well as their local and global context perform best, significantly outperforming well-established baseline methods.",
}
@inproceedings{bhatia-etal-2017-automatic,
    title = "An Automatic Approach for Document-level Topic Model Evaluation",
    author = "Bhatia, Shraey  and
      Lau, Jey Han  and
      Baldwin, Timothy",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1022",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1022",
    pages = "206--215",
    abstract = "Topic models jointly learn topics and document-level topic distribution. Extrinsic evaluation of topic models tends to focus exclusively on topic-level evaluation, e.g. by assessing the coherence of topics. We demonstrate that there can be large discrepancies between topic- and document-level model quality, and that basing model evaluation on topic-level analysis can be highly misleading. We propose a method for automatically predicting topic model quality based on analysis of document-level topic allocations, and provide empirical evidence for its robustness.",
}
@inproceedings{chen-etal-2017-robust,
    title = "Robust Coreference Resolution and Entity Linking on Dialogues: Character Identification on {TV} Show Transcripts",
    author = "Chen, Henry Y.  and
      Zhou, Ethan  and
      Choi, Jinho D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1023",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1023",
    pages = "216--225",
    abstract = "This paper presents a novel approach to character identification, that is an entity linking task that maps mentions to characters in dialogues from TV show transcripts. We first augment and correct several cases of annotation errors in an existing corpus so the corpus is clearer and cleaner for statistical learning. We also introduce the agglomerative convolutional neural network that takes groups of features and learns mention and mention-pair embeddings for coreference resolution. We then propose another neural model that employs the embeddings learned and creates cluster embeddings for entity linking. Our coreference resolution model shows comparable results to other state-of-the-art systems. Our entity linking model significantly outperforms the previous work, showing the F1 score of 86.76{\%} and the accuracy of 95.30{\%} for character identification.",
}
@inproceedings{joty-etal-2017-cross,
    title = "Cross-language Learning with Adversarial Neural Networks",
    author = "Joty, Shafiq  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Jaradat, Israa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1024",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1024",
    pages = "226--237",
    abstract = "We address the problem of cross-language adaptation for question-question similarity reranking in community question answering, with the objective to port a system trained on one input language to another input language given labeled training data for the first language and only unlabeled data for the second language. In particular, we propose to use adversarial training of neural networks to learn high-level features that are discriminative for the main learning task, and at the same time are invariant across the input languages. The evaluation results show sizable improvements for our cross-language adversarial neural network (CLANN) model over a strong non-adversarial system.",
}
@inproceedings{renduchintala-etal-2017-knowledge,
    title = "Knowledge Tracing in Sequential Learning of Inflected Vocabulary",
    author = "Renduchintala, Adithya  and
      Koehn, Philipp  and
      Eisner, Jason",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1025",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1025",
    pages = "238--247",
    abstract = "We present a feature-rich knowledge tracing method that captures a student{'}s acquisition and retention of knowledge during a foreign language phrase learning task. We model the student{'}s behavior as making predictions under a log-linear model, and adopt a neural gating mechanism to model how the student updates their log-linear parameters in response to feedback. The gating mechanism allows the model to learn complex patterns of retention and acquisition for each feature, while the log-linear parameterization results in an interpretable knowledge state. We collect human data and evaluate several versions of the model.",
}
@inproceedings{saparov-etal-2017-probabilistic,
    title = "A Probabilistic Generative Grammar for Semantic Parsing",
    author = "Saparov, Abulhair  and
      Saraswat, Vijay  and
      Mitchell, Tom",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1026",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1026",
    pages = "248--259",
    abstract = "We present a generative model of natural language sentences and demonstrate its application to semantic parsing. In the generative process, a logical form sampled from a prior, and conditioned on this logical form, a grammar probabilistically generates the output sentence. Grammar induction using MCMC is applied to learn the grammar given a set of labeled sentences with corresponding logical forms. We develop a semantic parser that finds the logical form with the highest posterior probability exactly. We obtain strong results on the GeoQuery dataset and achieve state-of-the-art F1 on Jobs.",
}
@inproceedings{nicosia-moschitti-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning Contextual Embeddings for Structural Semantic Similarity using Categorical Information",
    author = "Nicosia, Massimo  and
      Moschitti, Alessandro",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1027",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1027",
    pages = "260--270",
    abstract = "Tree kernels (TKs) and neural networks are two effective approaches for automatic feature engineering. In this paper, we combine them by modeling context word similarity in semantic TKs. This way, the latter can operate subtree matching by applying neural-based similarity on tree lexical nodes. We study how to learn representations for the words in context such that TKs can exploit more focused information. We found that neural embeddings produced by current methods do not provide a suitable contextual similarity. Thus, we define a new approach based on a Siamese Network, which produces word representations while learning a binary text similarity. We set the latter considering examples in the same category as similar. The experiments on question and sentiment classification show that our semantic TK highly improves previous results.",
}
@inproceedings{weissenborn-etal-2017-making,
    title = "Making Neural {QA} as Simple as Possible but not Simpler",
    author = "Weissenborn, Dirk  and
      Wiese, Georg  and
      Seiffe, Laura",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1028",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1028",
    pages = "271--280",
    abstract = "Recent development of large-scale question answering (QA) datasets triggered a substantial amount of research into end-to-end neural architectures for QA. Increasingly complex systems have been conceived without comparison to simpler neural baseline systems that would justify their complexity. In this work, we propose a simple heuristic that guides the development of neural baseline systems for the extractive QA task. We find that there are two ingredients necessary for building a high-performing neural QA system: first, the awareness of question words while processing the context and second, a composition function that goes beyond simple bag-of-words modeling, such as recurrent neural networks. Our results show that FastQA, a system that meets these two requirements, can achieve very competitive performance compared with existing models. We argue that this surprising finding puts results of previous systems and the complexity of recent QA datasets into perspective.",
}
@inproceedings{wiese-etal-2017-neural,
    title = "Neural Domain Adaptation for Biomedical Question Answering",
    author = "Wiese, Georg  and
      Weissenborn, Dirk  and
      Neves, Mariana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1029",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1029",
    pages = "281--289",
    abstract = "Factoid question answering (QA) has recently benefited from the development of deep learning (DL) systems. Neural network models outperform traditional approaches in domains where large datasets exist, such as SQuAD (ca. 100,000 questions) for Wikipedia articles. However, these systems have not yet been applied to QA in more specific domains, such as biomedicine, because datasets are generally too small to train a DL system from scratch. For example, the BioASQ dataset for biomedical QA comprises less then 900 factoid (single answer) and list (multiple answers) QA instances. In this work, we adapt a neural QA system trained on a large open-domain dataset (SQuAD, source) to a biomedical dataset (BioASQ, target) by employing various transfer learning techniques. Our network architecture is based on a state-of-the-art QA system, extended with biomedical word embeddings and a novel mechanism to answer list questions. In contrast to existing biomedical QA systems, our system does not rely on domain-specific ontologies, parsers or entity taggers, which are expensive to create. Despite this fact, our systems achieve state-of-the-art results on factoid questions and competitive results on list questions.",
}
@inproceedings{hulden-2017-phoneme,
    title = "A phoneme clustering algorithm based on the obligatory contour principle",
    author = "Hulden, Mans",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1030",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1030",
    pages = "290--300",
    abstract = "This paper explores a divisive hierarchical clustering algorithm based on the well-known Obligatory Contour Principle in phonology. The purpose is twofold: to see if such an algorithm could be used for unsupervised classification of phonemes or graphemes in corpora, and to investigate whether this purported universal constraint really holds for several classes of phonological distinctive features. The algorithm achieves very high accuracies in an unsupervised setting of inferring a consonant-vowel distinction, and also has a strong tendency to detect coronal phonemes in an unsupervised fashion. Remaining classes, however, do not correspond as neatly to phonological distinctive feature splits. While the results offer only mixed support for a universal Obligatory Contour Principle, the algorithm can be very useful for many NLP tasks due to the high accuracy in revealing consonant/vowel/coronal distinctions.",
}
@inproceedings{li-shah-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning Stock Market Sentiment Lexicon and Sentiment-Oriented Word Vector from {S}tock{T}wits",
    author = "Li, Quanzhi  and
      Shah, Sameena",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1031",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1031",
    pages = "301--310",
    abstract = "Previous studies have shown that investor sentiment indicators can predict stock market change. A domain-specific sentiment lexicon and sentiment-oriented word embedding model would help the sentiment analysis in financial domain and stock market. In this paper, we present a new approach to learning stock market lexicon from StockTwits, a popular financial social network for investors to share ideas. It learns word polarity by predicting message sentiment, using a neural net-work. The sentiment-oriented word embeddings are learned from tens of millions of StockTwits posts, and this is the first study presenting sentiment-oriented word embeddings for stock market. The experiments of predicting investor sentiment show that our lexicon outperformed other lexicons built by the state-of-the-art methods, and the sentiment-oriented word vector was much better than the general word embeddings.",
}
@inproceedings{raj-etal-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning local and global contexts using a convolutional recurrent network model for relation classification in biomedical text",
    author = "Raj, Desh  and
      Sahu, Sunil  and
      Anand, Ashish",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1032",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1032",
    pages = "311--321",
    abstract = "The task of relation classification in the biomedical domain is complex due to the presence of samples obtained from heterogeneous sources such as research articles, discharge summaries, or electronic health records. It is also a constraint for classifiers which employ manual feature engineering. In this paper, we propose a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) architecture that combines RNNs and CNNs in sequence to solve this problem. The rationale behind our approach is that CNNs can effectively identify coarse-grained local features in a sentence, while RNNs are more suited for long-term dependencies. We compare our CRNN model with several baselines on two biomedical datasets, namely the i2b2-2010 clinical relation extraction challenge dataset, and the SemEval-2013 DDI extraction dataset. We also evaluate an attentive pooling technique and report its performance in comparison with the conventional max pooling method. Our results indicate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on both datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{sirts-etal-2017-idea,
    title = "Idea density for predicting {A}lzheimer{'}s disease from transcribed speech",
    author = "Sirts, Kairit  and
      Piguet, Olivier  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1033",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1033",
    pages = "322--332",
    abstract = "Idea Density (ID) measures the rate at which ideas or elementary predications are expressed in an utterance or in a text. Lower ID is found to be associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer{'}s disease (AD) (Snowdon et al., 1996; Engelman et al., 2010). ID has been used in two different versions: propositional idea density (PID) counts the expressed ideas and can be applied to any text while semantic idea density (SID) counts pre-defined information content units and is naturally more applicable to normative domains, such as picture description tasks. In this paper, we develop DEPID, a novel dependency-based method for computing PID, and its version DEPID-R that enables to exclude repeating ideas{---}a feature characteristic to AD speech. We conduct the first comparison of automatically extracted PID and SID in the diagnostic classification task on two different AD datasets covering both closed-topic and free-recall domains. While SID performs better on the normative dataset, adding PID leads to a small but significant improvement (+1.7 F-score). On the free-topic dataset, PID performs better than SID as expected (77.6 vs 72.3 in F-score) but adding the features derived from the word embedding clustering underlying the automatic SID increases the results considerably, leading to an F-score of 84.8.",
}
@inproceedings{levy-etal-2017-zero,
    title = "Zero-Shot Relation Extraction via Reading Comprehension",
    author = "Levy, Omer  and
      Seo, Minjoon  and
      Choi, Eunsol  and
      Zettlemoyer, Luke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1034",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1034",
    pages = "333--342",
    abstract = "We show that relation extraction can be reduced to answering simple reading comprehension questions, by associating one or more natural-language questions with each relation slot. This reduction has several advantages: we can (1) learn relation-extraction models by extending recent neural reading-comprehension techniques, (2) build very large training sets for those models by combining relation-specific crowd-sourced questions with distant supervision, and even (3) do zero-shot learning by extracting new relation types that are only specified at test-time, for which we have no labeled training examples. Experiments on a Wikipedia slot-filling task demonstrate that the approach can generalize to new questions for known relation types with high accuracy, and that zero-shot generalization to unseen relation types is possible, at lower accuracy levels, setting the bar for future work on this task.",
}
@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2017-covert,
    title = "The Covert Helps Parse the Overt",
    author = "Zhang, Xun  and
      Sun, Weiwei  and
      Wan, Xiaojun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1035",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1035",
    pages = "343--353",
    abstract = "This paper is concerned with whether deep syntactic information can help surface parsing, with a particular focus on empty categories. We design new algorithms to produce dependency trees in which empty elements are allowed, and evaluate the impact of information about empty category on parsing overt elements. Such information is helpful to reduce the approximation error in a structured parsing model, but increases the search space for inference and accordingly the estimation error. To deal with structure-based overfitting, we propose to integrate disambiguation models with and without empty elements, and perform structure regularization via joint decoding. Experiments on English and Chinese TreeBanks with different parsing models indicate that incorporating empty elements consistently improves surface parsing.",
}
@inproceedings{schlechtweg-etal-2017-german,
    title = "{G}erman in Flux: Detecting Metaphoric Change via Word Entropy",
    author = "Schlechtweg, Dominik  and
      Eckmann, Stefanie  and
      Santus, Enrico  and
      Schulte im Walde, Sabine  and
      Hole, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1036",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1036",
    pages = "354--367",
    abstract = "This paper explores the information-theoretic measure entropy to detect metaphoric change, transferring ideas from hypernym detection to research on language change. We build the first diachronic test set for German as a standard for metaphoric change annotation. Our model is unsupervised, language-independent and generalizable to other processes of semantic change.",
}
@inproceedings{alishahi-etal-2017-encoding,
    title = "Encoding of phonology in a recurrent neural model of grounded speech",
    author = "Alishahi, Afra  and
      Barking, Marie  and
      Chrupa{\l}a, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1037",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1037",
    pages = "368--378",
    abstract = "We study the representation and encoding of phonemes in a recurrent neural network model of grounded speech. We use a model which processes images and their spoken descriptions, and projects the visual and auditory representations into the same semantic space. We perform a number of analyses on how information about individual phonemes is encoded in the MFCC features extracted from the speech signal, and the activations of the layers of the model. Via experiments with phoneme decoding and phoneme discrimination we show that phoneme representations are most salient in the lower layers of the model, where low-level signals are processed at a fine-grained level, although a large amount of phonological information is retain at the top recurrent layer. We further find out that the attention mechanism following the top recurrent layer significantly attenuates encoding of phonology and makes the utterance embeddings much more invariant to synonymy. Moreover, a hierarchical clustering of phoneme representations learned by the network shows an organizational structure of phonemes similar to those proposed in linguistics.",
}
@inproceedings{duong-etal-2017-multilingual,
    title = "Multilingual Semantic Parsing And Code-Switching",
    author = "Duong, Long  and
      Afshar, Hadi  and
      Estival, Dominique  and
      Pink, Glen  and
      Cohen, Philip  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1038",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1038",
    pages = "379--389",
    abstract = "Extending semantic parsing systems to new domains and languages is a highly expensive, time-consuming process, so making effective use of existing resources is critical. In this paper, we describe a transfer learning method using crosslingual word embeddings in a sequence-to-sequence model. On the NLmaps corpus, our approach achieves state-of-the-art accuracy of 85.7{\%} for English. Most importantly, we observed a consistent improvement for German compared with several baseline domain adaptation techniques. As a by-product of this approach, our models that are trained on a combination of English and German utterances perform reasonably well on code-switching utterances which contain a mixture of English and German, even though the training data does not contain any such. As far as we know, this is the first study of code-switching in semantic parsing. We manually constructed the set of code-switching test utterances for the NLmaps corpus and achieve 78.3{\%} accuracy on this dataset.",
}
@inproceedings{le-titov-2017-optimizing,
    title = "Optimizing Differentiable Relaxations of Coreference Evaluation Metrics",
    author = "Le, Phong  and
      Titov, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1039",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1039",
    pages = "390--399",
    abstract = "Coreference evaluation metrics are hard to optimize directly as they are non-differentiable functions, not easily decomposable into elementary decisions. Consequently, most approaches optimize objectives only indirectly related to the end goal, resulting in suboptimal performance. Instead, we propose a differentiable relaxation that lends itself to gradient-based optimisation, thus bypassing the need for reinforcement learning or heuristic modification of cross-entropy. We show that by modifying the training objective of a competitive neural coreference system, we obtain a substantial gain in performance. This suggests that our approach can be regarded as a viable alternative to using reinforcement learning or more computationally expensive imitation learning.",
}
@inproceedings{ziser-reichart-2017-neural,
    title = "Neural Structural Correspondence Learning for Domain Adaptation",
    author = "Ziser, Yftah  and
      Reichart, Roi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1040",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1040",
    pages = "400--410",
    abstract = "We introduce a neural network model that marries together ideas from two prominent strands of research on domain adaptation through representation learning: structural correspondence learning (SCL, (Blitzer et al., 2006)) and autoencoder neural networks (NNs). Our model is a three-layer NN that learns to encode the non-pivot features of an input example into a low dimensional representation, so that the existence of pivot features (features that are prominent in both domains and convey useful information for the NLP task) in the example can be decoded from that representation. The low-dimensional representation is then employed in a learning algorithm for the task. Moreover, we show how to inject pre-trained word embeddings into our model in order to improve generalization across examples with similar pivot features. We experiment with the task of cross-domain sentiment classification on 16 domain pairs and show substantial improvements over strong baselines.",
}
@inproceedings{marcheggiani-etal-2017-simple,
    title = "A Simple and Accurate Syntax-Agnostic Neural Model for Dependency-based Semantic Role Labeling",
    author = "Marcheggiani, Diego  and
      Frolov, Anton  and
      Titov, Ivan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1041",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1041",
    pages = "411--420",
    abstract = "We introduce a simple and accurate neural model for dependency-based semantic role labeling. Our model predicts predicate-argument dependencies relying on states of a bidirectional LSTM encoder. The semantic role labeler achieves competitive performance on English, even without any kind of syntactic information and only using local inference. However, when automatically predicted part-of-speech tags are provided as input, it substantially outperforms all previous local models and approaches the best reported results on the English CoNLL-2009 dataset. We also consider Chinese, Czech and Spanish where our approach also achieves competitive results. Syntactic parsers are unreliable on out-of-domain data, so standard (i.e., syntactically-informed) SRL models are hindered when tested in this setting. Our syntax-agnostic model appears more robust, resulting in the best reported results on standard out-of-domain test sets.",
}
@inproceedings{inoue-etal-2017-joint,
    title = "Joint Prediction of Morphosyntactic Categories for Fine-Grained {A}rabic Part-of-Speech Tagging Exploiting Tag Dictionary Information",
    author = "Inoue, Go  and
      Shindo, Hiroyuki  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1042",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1042",
    pages = "421--431",
    abstract = "Part-of-speech (POS) tagging for morphologically rich languages such as Arabic is a challenging problem because of their enormous tag sets. One reason for this is that in the tagging scheme for such languages, a complete POS tag is formed by combining tags from multiple tag sets defined for each morphosyntactic category. Previous approaches in Arabic POS tagging applied one model for each morphosyntactic tagging task, without utilizing shared information between the tasks. In this paper, we propose an approach that utilizes this information by jointly modeling multiple morphosyntactic tagging tasks with a multi-task learning framework. We also propose a method of incorporating tag dictionary information into our neural models by combining word representations with representations of the sets of possible tags. Our experiments showed that the joint model with tag dictionary information results in an accuracy of 91.38{\%} on the Penn Arabic Treebank data set, with an absolute improvement of 2.11{\%} over the current state-of-the-art tagger.",
}
@inproceedings{samih-etal-2017-learning,
    title = "Learning from Relatives: Unified Dialectal {A}rabic Segmentation",
    author = "Samih, Younes  and
      Eldesouki, Mohamed  and
      Attia, Mohammed  and
      Darwish, Kareem  and
      Abdelali, Ahmed  and
      Mubarak, Hamdy  and
      Kallmeyer, Laura",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1043",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1043",
    pages = "432--441",
    abstract = "Arabic dialects do not just share a common koin{\'e}, but there are shared pan-dialectal linguistic phenomena that allow computational models for dialects to learn from each other. In this paper we build a unified segmentation model where the training data for different dialects are combined and a single model is trained. The model yields higher accuracies than dialect-specific models, eliminating the need for dialect identification before segmentation. We also measure the degree of relatedness between four major Arabic dialects by testing how a segmentation model trained on one dialect performs on the other dialects. We found that linguistic relatedness is contingent with geographical proximity. In our experiments we use SVM-based ranking and bi-LSTM-CRF sequence labeling.",
}
@inproceedings{tran-nguyen-2017-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Generation for Spoken Dialogue System using {RNN} Encoder-Decoder Networks",
    author = "Tran, Van-Khanh  and
      Nguyen, Le-Minh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1044",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1044",
    pages = "442--451",
    abstract = "Natural language generation (NLG) is a critical component in a spoken dialogue system. This paper presents a Recurrent Neural Network based Encoder-Decoder architecture, in which an LSTM-based decoder is introduced to select, aggregate semantic elements produced by an attention mechanism over the input elements, and to produce the required utterances. The proposed generator can be jointly trained both sentence planning and surface realization to produce natural language sentences. The proposed model was extensively evaluated on four different NLG datasets. The experimental results showed that the proposed generators not only consistently outperform the previous methods across all the NLG domains but also show an ability to generalize from a new, unseen domain and learn from multi-domain datasets.",
}
@inproceedings{yasunaga-etal-2017-graph,
    title = "Graph-based Neural Multi-Document Summarization",
    author = "Yasunaga, Michihiro  and
      Zhang, Rui  and
      Meelu, Kshitijh  and
      Pareek, Ayush  and
      Srinivasan, Krishnan  and
      Radev, Dragomir",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL} 2017)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1045",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-1045",
    pages = "452--462",
    abstract = "We propose a neural multi-document summarization system that incorporates sentence relation graphs. We employ a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) on the relation graphs, with sentence embeddings obtained from Recurrent Neural Networks as input node features. Through multiple layer-wise propagation, the GCN generates high-level hidden sentence features for salience estimation. We then use a greedy heuristic to extract salient sentences that avoid redundancy. In our experiments on DUC 2004, we consider three types of sentence relation graphs and demonstrate the advantage of combining sentence relations in graphs with the representation power of deep neural networks. Our model improves upon other traditional graph-based extractive approaches and the vanilla GRU sequence model with no graph, and it achieves competitive results against other state-of-the-art multi-document summarization systems.",
}
@proceedings{conll-2017-conll,
    title = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    author = "Hulden, Mans",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2000",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2",
}
@inproceedings{cotterell-etal-2017-conll,
    title = "{C}o{NLL}-{SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection in 52 Languages",
    author = {Cotterell, Ryan  and
      Kirov, Christo  and
      Sylak-Glassman, John  and
      Walther, G{\'e}raldine  and
      Vylomova, Ekaterina  and
      Xia, Patrick  and
      Faruqui, Manaal  and
      K{\"u}bler, Sandra  and
      Yarowsky, David  and
      Eisner, Jason  and
      Hulden, Mans},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2001",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2001",
    pages = "1--30",
}
@inproceedings{bergmanis-etal-2017-training,
    title = "Training Data Augmentation for Low-Resource Morphological Inflection",
    author = {Bergmanis, Toms  and
      Kann, Katharina  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich  and
      Goldwater, Sharon},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2002",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2002",
    pages = "31--39",
}
@inproceedings{kann-schutze-2017-lmu,
    title = "The {LMU} System for the {C}o{NLL}-{SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task on Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    author = {Kann, Katharina  and
      Sch{\"u}tze, Hinrich},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2003",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2003",
    pages = "40--48",
}
@inproceedings{makarov-etal-2017-align,
    title = "Align and Copy: {UZH} at {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task for Morphological Reinflection",
    author = "Makarov, Peter  and
      Ruzsics, Tatiana  and
      Clematide, Simon",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2004",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2004",
    pages = "49--57",
}
@inproceedings{zhou-neubig-2017-morphological,
    title = "Morphological Inflection Generation with Multi-space Variational Encoder-Decoders",
    author = "Zhou, Chunting  and
      Neubig, Graham",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2005",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2005",
    pages = "58--65",
}
@inproceedings{chakrabarty-garain-2017-isi,
    title = "{ISI} at the {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task on Morphological Reinflection",
    author = "Chakrabarty, Abhisek  and
      Garain, Utpal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2006",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2006",
    pages = "66--70",
}
@inproceedings{sudhakar-singh-2017-experiments,
    title = "Experiments on Morphological Reinflection: {C}o{NLL}-2017 Shared Task",
    author = "Sudhakar, Akhilesh  and
      Singh, Anil Kumar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2007",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2007",
    pages = "71--78",
}
@inproceedings{nicolai-etal-2017-cant,
    title = "If you can{'}t beat them, join them: the University of Alberta system description",
    author = "Nicolai, Garrett  and
      Hauer, Bradley  and
      Motallebi, Mohammad  and
      Najafi, Saeed  and
      Kondrak, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2008",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2008",
    pages = "79--84",
}
@inproceedings{zhu-etal-2017-character,
    title = "Character Sequence-to-Sequence Model with Global Attention for Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    author = "Zhu, Qile  and
      Li, Yanjun  and
      Li, Xiaolin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2009",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2009",
    pages = "85--89",
}
@inproceedings{silfverberg-etal-2017-data,
    title = "Data Augmentation for Morphological Reinflection",
    author = "Silfverberg, Miikka  and
      Wiemerslage, Adam  and
      Liu, Ling  and
      Mao, Lingshuang Jack",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2010",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2010",
    pages = "90--99",
}
@inproceedings{senuma-aizawa-2017-seq2seq,
    title = "Seq2seq for Morphological Reinflection: When Deep Learning Fails",
    author = "Senuma, Hajime  and
      Aizawa, Akiko",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2011",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2011",
    pages = "100--109",
}
@inproceedings{ostling-bjerva-2017-su,
    title = "{SU}-{RUG} at the {C}o{NLL}-{SIGMORPHON} 2017 shared task: Morphological Inflection with Attentional Sequence-to-Sequence Models",
    author = {{\"O}stling, Robert  and
      Bjerva, Johannes},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} {SIGMORPHON} 2017 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-2012",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-2012",
    pages = "110--113",
}
@proceedings{conll-2017-conll-2017,
    title = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    author = "Haji{\v{c}}, Jan  and
      Zeman, Dan",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3000",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3",
}
@inproceedings{zeman-etal-2017-conll,
    title = "{C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    author = {Zeman, Daniel  and
      Popel, Martin  and
      Straka, Milan  and
      Haji{\v{c}}, Jan  and
      Nivre, Joakim  and
      Ginter, Filip  and
      Luotolahti, Juhani  and
      Pyysalo, Sampo  and
      Petrov, Slav  and
      Potthast, Martin  and
      Tyers, Francis  and
      Badmaeva, Elena  and
      Gokirmak, Memduh  and
      Nedoluzhko, Anna  and
      Cinkov{\'a}, Silvie  and
      Haji{\v{c}} jr., Jan  and
      Hlav{\'a}{\v{c}}ov{\'a}, Jaroslava  and
      Kettnerov{\'a}, V{\'a}clava  and
      Ure{\v{s}}ov{\'a}, Zde{\v{n}}ka  and
      Kanerva, Jenna  and
      Ojala, Stina  and
      Missil{\"a}, Anna  and
      Manning, Christopher D.  and
      Schuster, Sebastian  and
      Reddy, Siva  and
      Taji, Dima  and
      Habash, Nizar  and
      Leung, Herman  and
      de Marneffe, Marie-Catherine  and
      Sanguinetti, Manuela  and
      Simi, Maria  and
      Kanayama, Hiroshi  and
      de Paiva, Valeria  and
      Droganova, Kira  and
      Mart{\'\i}nez Alonso, H{\'e}ctor  and
      {\c{C}}{\"o}ltekin, {\c{C}}a{\u{g}}r{\i}  and
      Sulubacak, Umut  and
      Uszkoreit, Hans  and
      Macketanz, Vivien  and
      Burchardt, Aljoscha  and
      Harris, Kim  and
      Marheinecke, Katrin  and
      Rehm, Georg  and
      Kayadelen, Tolga  and
      Attia, Mohammed  and
      Elkahky, Ali  and
      Yu, Zhuoran  and
      Pitler, Emily  and
      Lertpradit, Saran  and
      Mandl, Michael  and
      Kirchner, Jesse  and
      Alcalde, Hector Fernandez  and
      Strnadov{\'a}, Jana  and
      Banerjee, Esha  and
      Manurung, Ruli  and
      Stella, Antonio  and
      Shimada, Atsuko  and
      Kwak, Sookyoung  and
      Mendon{\c{c}}a, Gustavo  and
      Lando, Tatiana  and
      Nitisaroj, Rattima  and
      Li, Josie},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3001",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3001",
    pages = "1--19",
    abstract = "The Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL) features a shared task, in which participants train and test their learning systems on the same data sets. In 2017, the task was devoted to learning dependency parsers for a large number of languages, in a real-world setting without any gold-standard annotation on input. All test sets followed a unified annotation scheme, namely that of Universal Dependencies. In this paper, we define the task and evaluation methodology, describe how the data sets were prepared, report and analyze the main results, and provide a brief categorization of the different approaches of the participating systems.",
}
@inproceedings{dozat-etal-2017-stanfords,
    title = "{S}tanford{'}s Graph-based Neural Dependency Parser at the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task",
    author = "Dozat, Timothy  and
      Qi, Peng  and
      Manning, Christopher D.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3002",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3002",
    pages = "20--30",
    abstract = "This paper describes the neural dependency parser submitted by Stanford to the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task on parsing Universal Dependencies. Our system uses relatively simple LSTM networks to produce part of speech tags and labeled dependency parses from segmented and tokenized sequences of words. In order to address the rare word problem that abounds in languages with complex morphology, we include a character-based word representation that uses an LSTM to produce embeddings from sequences of characters. Our system was ranked first according to all five relevant metrics for the system: UPOS tagging (93.09{\%}), XPOS tagging (82.27{\%}), unlabeled attachment score (81.30{\%}), labeled attachment score (76.30{\%}), and content word labeled attachment score (72.57{\%}).",
}
@inproceedings{shi-etal-2017-combining,
    title = "Combining Global Models for Parsing Universal Dependencies",
    author = "Shi, Tianze  and
      Wu, Felix G.  and
      Chen, Xilun  and
      Cheng, Yao",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3003",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3003",
    pages = "31--39",
    abstract = "We describe our entry, C2L2, to the CoNLL 2017 shared task on parsing Universal Dependencies from raw text. Our system features an ensemble of three global parsing paradigms, one graph-based and two transition-based. Each model leverages character-level bi-directional LSTMs as lexical feature extractors to encode morphological information. Though relying on baseline tokenizers and focusing only on parsing, our system ranked second in the official end-to-end evaluation with a macro-average of 75.00 LAS F1 score over 81 test treebanks. In addition, we had the top average performance on the four surprise languages and on the small treebank subset.",
}
@inproceedings{bjorkelund-etal-2017-ims,
    title = "{IMS} at the {C}o{NLL} 2017 {UD} Shared Task: {CRF}s and Perceptrons Meet Neural Networks",
    author = {Bj{\"o}rkelund, Anders  and
      Falenska, Agnieszka  and
      Yu, Xiang  and
      Kuhn, Jonas},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3004",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3004",
    pages = "40--51",
    abstract = "This paper presents the IMS contribution to the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task. In the preprocessing step we employed a CRF POS/morphological tagger and a neural tagger predicting supertags. On some languages, we also applied word segmentation with the CRF tagger and sentence segmentation with a perceptron-based parser. For parsing we took an ensemble approach by blending multiple instances of three parsers with very different architectures. Our system achieved the third place overall and the second place for the surprise languages.",
}
@inproceedings{che-etal-2017-hit,
    title = "The {HIT}-{SCIR} System for End-to-End Parsing of Universal Dependencies",
    author = "Che, Wanxiang  and
      Guo, Jiang  and
      Wang, Yuxuan  and
      Zheng, Bo  and
      Zhao, Huaipeng  and
      Liu, Yang  and
      Teng, Dechuan  and
      Liu, Ting",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3005",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3005",
    pages = "52--62",
    abstract = "This paper describes our system (HIT-SCIR) for the CoNLL 2017 shared task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. Our system includes three pipelined components: \textit{tokenization}, \textit{Part-of-Speech} (POS) \textit{tagging} and \textit{dependency parsing}. We use character-based bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for both tokenization and POS tagging. Afterwards, we employ a list-based transition-based algorithm for general non-projective parsing and present an improved Stack-LSTM-based architecture for representing each transition state and making predictions. Furthermore, to parse low/zero-resource languages and cross-domain data, we use a model transfer approach to make effective use of existing resources. We demonstrate substantial gains against the UDPipe baseline, with an average improvement of 3.76{\%} in LAS of all languages. And finally, we rank the 4th place on the official test sets.",
}
@inproceedings{lim-poibeau-2017-system,
    title = "A System for Multilingual Dependency Parsing based on Bidirectional {LSTM} Feature Representations",
    author = "Lim, KyungTae  and
      Poibeau, Thierry",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3006",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3006",
    pages = "63--70",
    abstract = "In this paper, we present our multilingual dependency parser developed for the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task dealing with {``}Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies{''}. Our parser extends the monolingual BIST-parser as a multi-source multilingual trainable parser. Thanks to multilingual word embeddings and one hot encodings for languages, our system can use both monolingual and multi-source training. We trained 69 monolingual language models and 13 multilingual models for the shared task. Our multilingual approach making use of different resources yield better results than the monolingual approach for 11 languages. Our system ranked 5 th and achieved 70.93 overall LAS score over the 81 test corpora (macro-averaged LAS F1 score).",
}
@inproceedings{sato-etal-2017-adversarial,
    title = "Adversarial Training for Cross-Domain Universal Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Sato, Motoki  and
      Manabe, Hitoshi  and
      Noji, Hiroshi  and
      Matsumoto, Yuji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3007",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3007",
    pages = "71--79",
    abstract = "We describe our submission to the CoNLL 2017 shared task, which exploits the shared common knowledge of a language across different domains via a domain adaptation technique. Our approach is an extension to the recently proposed adversarial training technique for domain adaptation, which we apply on top of a graph-based neural dependency parsing model on bidirectional LSTMs. In our experiments, we find our baseline graph-based parser already outperforms the official baseline model (UDPipe) by a large margin. Further, by applying our technique to the treebanks of the same language with different domains, we observe an additional gain in the performance, in particular for the domains with less training data.",
}
@inproceedings{kirnap-etal-2017-parsing,
    title = "Parsing with Context Embeddings",
    author = {K{\i}rnap, {\"O}mer  and
      {\"O}nder, Berkay Furkan  and
      Yuret, Deniz},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3008",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3008",
    pages = "80--87",
    abstract = "We introduce context embeddings, dense vectors derived from a language model that represent the left/right context of a word instance, and demonstrate that context embeddings significantly improve the accuracy of our transition based parser. Our model consists of a bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) based language model that is pre-trained to predict words in plain text, and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) decision model that uses features from the language model to predict the correct actions for an ArcHybrid transition based parser. We participated in the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task as the {``}Ko{\c{c}} University{''} team and our system was ranked 7th out of 33 systems that parsed 81 treebanks in 49 languages.",
}
@inproceedings{straka-strakova-2017-tokenizing,
    title = "Tokenizing, {POS} Tagging, Lemmatizing and Parsing {UD} 2.0 with {UDP}ipe",
    author = "Straka, Milan  and
      Strakov{\'a}, Jana",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3009",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3009",
    pages = "88--99",
    abstract = "Many natural language processing tasks, including the most advanced ones, routinely start by several basic processing steps {--} tokenization and segmentation, most likely also POS tagging and lemmatization, and commonly parsing as well. A multilingual pipeline performing these steps can be trained using the Universal Dependencies project, which contains annotations of the described tasks for 50 languages in the latest release UD 2.0. We present an update to UDPipe, a simple-to-use pipeline processing CoNLL-U version 2.0 files, which performs these tasks for multiple languages without requiring additional external data. We provide models for all 50 languages of UD 2.0, and furthermore, the pipeline can be trained easily using data in CoNLL-U format. UDPipe is a standalone application in C++, with bindings available for Python, Java, C{\#} and Perl. In the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies, UDPipe was the eight best system, while achieving low running times and moderately sized models.",
}
@inproceedings{vania-etal-2017-uparse,
    title = "{UP}arse: the {E}dinburgh system for the {C}o{NLL} 2017 {UD} shared task",
    author = "Vania, Clara  and
      Zhang, Xingxing  and
      Lopez, Adam",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3010",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3010",
    pages = "100--110",
    abstract = "This paper presents our submissions for the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task. Our parser, called UParse, is based on a neural network graph-based dependency parser. The parser uses features from a bidirectional LSTM to to produce a distribution over possible heads for each word in the sentence. To allow transfer learning for low-resource treebanks and surprise languages, we train several multilingual models for related languages, grouped by their genus and language families. Out of 33 participants, our system achieves rank 9th in the main results, with 75.49 UAS and 68.87 LAS F-1 scores (average across 81 treebanks).",
}
@inproceedings{heinecke-asadullah-2017-multi,
    title = "Multi-Model and Crosslingual Dependency Analysis",
    author = "Heinecke, Johannes  and
      Asadullah, Munshi",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3011",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3011",
    pages = "111--118",
    abstract = "This paper describes the system of the Team Orange-Deski{\~n}, used for the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task in Multilingual Dependency Parsing. We based our approach on an existing open source tool (BistParser), which we modified in order to produce the required output. Additionally we added a kind of pseudo-projectivisation. This was needed since some of the task{'}s languages have a high percentage of non-projective dependency trees. In most cases we also employed word embeddings. For the 4 surprise languages, the data provided seemed too little to train on. Thus we decided to use the training data of typologically close languages instead. Our system achieved a macro-averaged LAS of 68.61{\%} (10th in the overall ranking) which improved to 69.38{\%} after bug fixes.",
}
@inproceedings{kanerva-etal-2017-turkunlp,
    title = "{T}urku{NLP}: Delexicalized Pre-training of Word Embeddings for Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Kanerva, Jenna  and
      Luotolahti, Juhani  and
      Ginter, Filip",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3012",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3012",
    pages = "119--125",
    abstract = "We present the TurkuNLP entry in the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task on Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. The system is based on the UDPipe parser with our focus being in exploring various techniques to pre-train the word embeddings used by the parser in order to improve its performance especially on languages with small training sets. The system ranked 11th among the 33 participants overall, being 8th on the small treebanks, 10th on the large treebanks, 12th on the parallel test sets, and 26th on the surprise languages.",
}
@inproceedings{yu-etal-2017-parse,
    title = "The parse is darc and full of errors: Universal dependency parsing with transition-based and graph-based algorithms",
    author = "Yu, Kuan  and
      Sofroniev, Pavel  and
      Schill, Erik  and
      Hinrichs, Erhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3013",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3013",
    pages = "126--133",
    abstract = "We developed two simple systems for dependency parsing: darc, a transition-based parser, and mstnn, a graph-based parser. We tested our systems in the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task, with darc being the official system. Darc ranked 12th among 33 systems, just above the baseline. Mstnn had no official ranking, but its main score was above the 27th. In this paper, we describe our two systems, examine their strengths and weaknesses, and discuss the lessons we learned.",
}
@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2017-novel,
    title = "A Novel Neural Network Model for Joint {POS} Tagging and Graph-based Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Nguyen, Dat Quoc  and
      Dras, Mark  and
      Johnson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3014",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3014",
    pages = "134--142",
    abstract = "We present a novel neural network model that learns POS tagging and graph-based dependency parsing jointly. Our model uses bidirectional LSTMs to learn feature representations shared for both POS tagging and dependency parsing tasks, thus handling the feature-engineering problem. Our extensive experiments, on 19 languages from the Universal Dependencies project, show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art neural network-based Stack-propagation model for joint POS tagging and transition-based dependency parsing, resulting in a new state of the art. Our code is open-source and available together with pre-trained models at: \url{https://github.com/datquocnguyen/jPTDP}",
}
@inproceedings{qian-liu-2017-non,
    title = "A non-{DNN} Feature Engineering Approach to Dependency Parsing {--} {FBAML} at {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task",
    author = "Qian, Xian  and
      Liu, Yang",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3015",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3015",
    pages = "143--151",
    abstract = "For this year{'}s multilingual dependency parsing shared task, we developed a pipeline system, which uses a variety of features for each of its components. Unlike the recent popular deep learning approaches that learn low dimensional dense features using non-linear classifier, our system uses structured linear classifiers to learn millions of sparse features. Specifically, we trained a linear classifier for sentence boundary prediction, linear chain conditional random fields (CRFs) for tokenization, part-of-speech tagging and morph analysis. A second order graph based parser learns the tree structure (without relations), and fa linear tree CRF then assigns relations to the dependencies in the tree. Our system achieves reasonable performance {--} 67.87{\%} official averaged macro F1 score",
}
@inproceedings{vilares-gomez-rodriguez-2017-non,
    title = "A non-projective greedy dependency parser with bidirectional {LSTM}s",
    author = "Vilares, David  and
      G{\'o}mez-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Carlos",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3016",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3016",
    pages = "152--162",
    abstract = "The LyS-FASTPARSE team present BIST-COVINGTON, a neural implementation of the Covington (2001) algorithm for non-projective dependency parsing. The bidirectional LSTM approach by Kiperwasser and Goldberg (2016) is used to train a greedy parser with a dynamic oracle to mitigate error propagation. The model participated in the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task. In spite of not using any ensemble methods and using the baseline segmentation and PoS tagging, the parser obtained good results on both macro-average LAS and UAS in the big treebanks category (55 languages), ranking 7th out of 33 teams. In the all treebanks category (LAS and UAS) we ranked 16th and 12th. The gap between the all and big categories is mainly due to the poor performance on four parallel PUD treebanks, suggesting that some {`}suffixed{'} treebanks (e.g. Spanish-AnCora) perform poorly on cross-treebank settings, which does not occur with the corresponding {`}unsuffixed{'} treebank (e.g. Spanish). By changing that, we obtain the 11th best LAS among all runs (official and unofficial). The code is made available at \url{https://github.com/CoNLL-UD-2017/LyS-FASTPARSE}",
}
@inproceedings{aufrant-etal-2017-limsi,
    title = "LIMSI@CoNLL{'}17: UD Shared Task",
    author = "Aufrant, Lauriane  and
      Wisniewski, Guillaume  and
      Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3017",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3017",
    pages = "163--173",
    abstract = "This paper describes LIMSI{'}s submission to the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task, which is focused on small treebanks, and how to improve low-resourced parsing only by ad hoc combination of multiple views and resources. We present our approach for low-resourced parsing, together with a detailed analysis of the results for each test treebank. We also report extensive analysis experiments on model selection for the PUD treebanks, and on annotation consistency among UD treebanks.",
}
@inproceedings{dumitrescu-etal-2017-racais,
    title = "{RACAI}{'}s Natural Language Processing pipeline for Universal Dependencies",
    author = "Dumitrescu, Stefan Daniel  and
      Boros, Tiberiu  and
      Tufis, Dan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3018",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3018",
    pages = "174--181",
    abstract = "This paper presents RACAI{'}s approach, experiments and results at CONLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. We handle raw text and we cover tokenization, sentence splitting, word segmentation, tagging, lemmatization and parsing. All results are reported under strict training, development and testing conditions, in which the corpora provided for the shared tasks is used {``}as is{''}, without any modifications to the composition of the train and development sets.",
}
@inproceedings{das-etal-2017-delexicalized,
    title = "Delexicalized transfer parsing for low-resource languages using transformed and combined treebanks",
    author = "Das, Ayan  and
      Zaffar, Affan  and
      Sarkar, Sudeshna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3019",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3019",
    pages = "182--190",
    abstract = "This paper describes our dependency parsing system in CoNLL-2017 shared task on Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. We primarily focus on the low-resource languages (surprise languages). We have developed a framework to combine multiple treebanks to train parsers for low resource languages by delexicalization method. We have applied transformation on source language treebanks based on syntactic features of the low-resource language to improve performance of the parser. In the official evaluation, our system achieves an macro-averaged LAS score of 67.61 and 37.16 on the entire blind test data and the surprise language test data respectively.",
}
@inproceedings{wang-etal-2017-transition,
    title = "A Transition-based System for Universal Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Wang, Hao  and
      Zhao, Hai  and
      Zhang, Zhisong",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3020",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3020",
    pages = "191--197",
    abstract = "This paper describes the system for our participation in the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. In this work, we design a system based on UDPipe1 for universal dependency parsing, where multilingual transition-based models are trained for different treebanks. Our system directly takes raw texts as input, performing several intermediate steps like tokenizing and tagging, and finally generates the corresponding dependency trees. For the special surprise languages for this task, we adopt a delexicalized strategy and predict basing on transfer learning from other related languages. In the final evaluation of the shared task, our system achieves a result of 66.53{\%} in macro-averaged LAS F1-score.",
}
@inproceedings{hornby-etal-2017-corpus,
    title = "Corpus Selection Approaches for Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    author = "Hornby, Ryan  and
      Taylor, Clark  and
      Park, Jungyeul",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3021",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3021",
    pages = "198--206",
    abstract = {This paper describes UALing{'}s approach to the \textit{CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task} using corpus selection techniques to reduce training data size. The methodology is simple: we use similarity measures to select a corpus from available training data (even from multiple corpora for surprise languages) and use the resulting corpus to complete the parsing task. The training and parsing is done with the baseline UDPipe system (Straka et al., 2016). While our approach reduces the size of training data significantly, it retains performance within 0.5{\%} of the baseline system. Due to the reduction in training data size, our system performs faster than the na{\"\i}ve, complete corpus method. Specifically, our system runs in less than 10 minutes, ranking it among the fastest entries for this task. Our system is available at \url{https://github.com/CoNLL-UD-2017/UALING}.},
}
@inproceedings{de-lhoneux-etal-2017-raw,
    title = "From Raw Text to Universal Dependencies - Look, No Tags!",
    author = "de Lhoneux, Miryam  and
      Shao, Yan  and
      Basirat, Ali  and
      Kiperwasser, Eliyahu  and
      Stymne, Sara  and
      Goldberg, Yoav  and
      Nivre, Joakim",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3022",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3022",
    pages = "207--217",
    abstract = "We present the Uppsala submission to the CoNLL 2017 shared task on parsing from raw text to universal dependencies. Our system is a simple pipeline consisting of two components. The first performs joint word and sentence segmentation on raw text; the second predicts dependency trees from raw words. The parser bypasses the need for part-of-speech tagging, but uses word embeddings based on universal tag distributions. We achieved a macro-averaged LAS F1 of 65.11 in the official test run, which improved to 70.49 after bug fixes. We obtained the 2nd best result for sentence segmentation with a score of 89.03.",
}
@inproceedings{akkus-etal-2017-initial,
    title = "Initial Explorations of {CCG} Supertagging for Universal Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Akkus, Burak Kerim  and
      Azizoglu, Heval  and
      Cakici, Ruket",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3023",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3023",
    pages = "218--227",
    abstract = "In this paper we describe the system by METU team for universal dependency parsing of multilingual text. We use a neural network-based dependency parser that has a greedy transition approach to dependency parsing. CCG supertags contain rich structural information that proves useful in certain NLP tasks. We experiment with CCG supertags as additional features in our experiments. The neural network parser is trained together with dependencies and simplified CCG tags as well as other features provided.",
}
@inproceedings{moor-etal-2017-clcl,
    title = "{CLCL} (Geneva) {DINN} Parser: a Neural Network Dependency Parser Ten Years Later",
    author = "Moor, Christophe  and
      Merlo, Paola  and
      Henderson, James  and
      Wang, Haozhou",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3024",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3024",
    pages = "228--236",
    abstract = "This paper describes the University of Geneva{'}s submission to the CoNLL 2017 shared task Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies (listed as the CLCL (Geneva) entry). Our submitted parsing system is the grandchild of the first transition-based neural network dependency parser, which was the University of Geneva{'}s entry in the CoNLL 2007 multilingual dependency parsing shared task, with some improvements to speed and portability. These results provide a baseline for investigating how far we have come in the past ten years of work on neural network dependency parsing.",
}
@inproceedings{ji-etal-2017-fast,
    title = "A Fast and Lightweight System for Multilingual Dependency Parsing",
    author = "Ji, Tao  and
      Wu, Yuanbin  and
      Lan, Man",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3025",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3025",
    pages = "237--242",
    abstract = "We present a multilingual dependency parser with a bidirectional-LSTM (BiLSTM) feature extractor and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier. We trained our transition-based projective parser in UD version 2.0 datasets without any additional data. The parser is fast, lightweight and effective on big treebanks. In the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies, the official results show that the macro-averaged LAS F1 score of our system Mengest is 61.33{\%}.",
}
@inproceedings{de-la-clergerie-etal-2017-parisnlp,
    title = "The {P}aris{NLP} entry at the {C}on{LL} {UD} Shared Task 2017: A Tale of a {\#}{P}arsing{T}ragedy",
    author = "de La Clergerie, {\'E}ric  and
      Sagot, Beno{\^\i}t  and
      Seddah, Djam{\'e}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3026",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3026",
    pages = "243--252",
    abstract = "We present the ParisNLP entry at the UD CoNLL 2017 parsing shared task. In addition to the UDpipe models provided, we built our own data-driven tokenization models, sentence segmenter and lexicon-based morphological analyzers. All of these were used with a range of different parsing models (neural or not, feature-rich or not, transition or graph-based, etc.) and the best combination for each language was selected. Unfortunately, a glitch in the shared task{'}s Matrix led our model selector to run generic, weakly lexicalized models, tailored for surprise languages, instead of our dataset-specific models. Because of this {\#}ParsingTragedy, we officially ranked 27th, whereas our real models finally unofficially ranked 6th.",
}
@inproceedings{more-tsarfaty-2017-universal,
    title = "Universal Joint Morph-Syntactic Processing: The Open University of {I}srael{'}s Submission to The {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task",
    author = "More, Amir  and
      Tsarfaty, Reut",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3027",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3027",
    pages = "253--264",
    abstract = "We present the Open University{'}s submission to the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task on multilingual parsing from raw text to Universal Dependencies. The core of our system is a joint morphological disambiguator and syntactic parser which accepts morphologically analyzed surface tokens as input and returns morphologically disambiguated dependency trees as output. Our parser requires a lattice as input, so we generate morphological analyses of surface tokens using a data-driven morphological analyzer that derives its lexicon from the UD training corpora, and we rely on UDPipe for sentence segmentation and surface-level tokenization. We report our official macro-average LAS is 56.56. Although our model is not as performant as many others, it does not make use of neural networks, therefore we do not rely on word embeddings or any other data source other than the corpora themselves. In addition, we show the utility of a lexicon-backed morphological analyzer for the MRL Modern Hebrew. We use our results on Modern Hebrew to argue that the UD community should define a UD-compatible standard for access to lexical resources, which we argue is crucial for MRLs and low resource languages in particular.",
}
@inproceedings{kanayama-etal-2017-semi,
    title = "A Semi-universal Pipelined Approach to the {C}o{NLL} 2017 {UD} Shared Task",
    author = "Kanayama, Hiroshi  and
      Muraoka, Masayasu  and
      Yoshikawa, Katsumasa",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3028",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3028",
    pages = "265--273",
    abstract = "This paper presents our system submitted for the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task, {``}Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies.{''} We ran the system for all languages with our own fully pipelined components without relying on re-trained baseline systems. To train the dependency parser, we used only the universal part-of-speech tags and distance between words, and applied deterministic rules to assign dependency labels. The simple and delexicalized models are suitable for cross-lingual transfer approaches and a universal language model. Experimental results show that our model performed well in some metrics and leads discussion on topics such as contribution of each component and on syntactic similarities among languages.",
}
@inproceedings{garcia-gamallo-2017-rule,
    title = "A rule-based system for cross-lingual parsing of Romance languages with Universal Dependencies",
    author = "Garcia, Marcos  and
      Gamallo, Pablo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the {C}o{NLL} 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies",
    month = aug,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Vancouver, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-3029",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/K17-3029",
    pages = "274--282",
    abstract = "This article describes MetaRomance, a rule-based cross-lingual parser for Romance languages submitted to CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. The system is an almost delexicalized parser which does not need training data to analyze Romance languages. It contains linguistically motivated rules based on PoS-tag patterns. The rules included in MetaRomance were developed in about 12 hours by one expert with no prior knowledge in Universal Dependencies, and can be easily extended using a transparent formalism. In this paper we compare the performance of MetaRomance with other supervised systems participating in the competition, paying special attention to the parsing of different treebanks of the same language. We also compare our system with a delexicalized parser for Romance languages, and take advantage of the harmonized annotation of Universal Dependencies to propose a language ranking based on the syntactic distance each variety has from Romance languages.",
}
@proceedings{ranlp-2015-international,
    title = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Mitkov, Ruslan  and
      Angelova, Galia  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1000",
}
@inproceedings{albogamy-ramsay-2015-pos,
    title = "{POS} Tagging for {A}rabic Tweets",
    author = "Albogamy, Fahad  and
      Ramsay, Allan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1001",
    pages = "1--8",
}
@inproceedings{amiri-etal-2015-lexicon,
    title = "Lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis for {P}ersian Text",
    author = "Amiri, Fatemeh  and
      Scerri, Simon  and
      Khodashahi, Mohammadhassan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1002",
    pages = "9--16",
}
@inproceedings{ammar-etal-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Construction of a {TMF} Terminological Database using a Transducer Cascade",
    author = "Ammar, Chihebeddine  and
      Haddar, Kais  and
      Romary, Laurent",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1003",
    pages = "17--23",
}
@inproceedings{assylbekov-etal-2015-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical Model for Measuring Structural Similarity between Webpages",
    author = "Assylbekov, Zhenisbek  and
      Nurkas, Assulan  and
      Russinho Mouga, In{\^e}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1004",
    pages = "24--31",
}
@inproceedings{baltadzhieva-chrupala-2015-predicting,
    title = "Predicting the quality of questions on {S}tackoverflow",
    author = "Baltadzhieva, Antoaneta  and
      Chrupa{\l}a, Grzegorz",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1005",
    pages = "32--40",
}
@inproceedings{barbieri-etal-2015-topic,
    title = "How Topic Biases Your Results? A Case Study of Sentiment Analysis and Irony Detection in {I}talian",
    author = "Barbieri, Francesco  and
      Ronzano, Francesco  and
      Saggion, Horacio",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1006",
    pages = "41--47",
}
@inproceedings{ben-mesmia-etal-2015-arabic,
    title = "{A}rabic Named Entity Recognition Process using Transducer Cascade and {A}rabic {W}ikipedia",
    author = "Ben Mesmia, Fatma  and
      Haddar, Kais  and
      Maurel, Denis  and
      Friburger, Nathalie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1007",
    pages = "48--54",
}
@inproceedings{bick-2015-danproof,
    title = "{D}an{P}roof: Pedagogical Spell and Grammar Checking for {D}anish",
    author = "Bick, Eckhard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1008",
    pages = "55--62",
}
@inproceedings{brixtel-2015-maximal,
    title = "Maximal Repeats Enhance Substring-based Authorship Attribution",
    author = "Brixtel, Romain",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1009",
    pages = "63--71",
}
@inproceedings{cao-etal-2015-improving,
    title = "Improving Event Detection with Active Learning",
    author = "Cao, Kai  and
      Li, Xiang  and
      Fan, Miao  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1010",
    pages = "72--77",
}
@inproceedings{cao-etal-2015-improving-event,
    title = "Improving Event Detection with Dependency Regularization",
    author = "Cao, Kai  and
      Li, Xiang  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1011",
    pages = "78--83",
}
@inproceedings{castro-castro-etal-2015-authorship,
    title = "Authorship Verification, Average Similarity Analysis",
    author = "Castro Castro, Daniel  and
      Adame Arcia, Yaritza  and
      Pelaez Brioso, Mar{\'\i}a  and
      Mu{\~n}oz Guillena, Rafael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1012",
    pages = "84--90",
}
@inproceedings{cheri-bhattacharyya-2015-coreference,
    title = "Coreference Resolution to Support {IE} from {I}ndian Classical Music Forums",
    author = "Cheri, Joe  and
      Bhattacharyya, Pushpak",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1013",
    pages = "91--96",
}
@inproceedings{ciobanu-etal-2015-readability,
    title = "Readability Assessment of Translated Texts",
    author = "Ciobanu, Alina Maria  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.  and
      Pepelea, Flaviu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1014",
    pages = "97--103",
}
@inproceedings{declerck-lendvai-2015-processing,
    title = "Processing and Normalizing Hashtags",
    author = "Declerck, Thierry  and
      Lendvai, Piroska",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1015",
    pages = "104--109",
}
@inproceedings{derczynski-etal-2015-tune,
    title = "Tune Your Brown Clustering, Please",
    author = "Derczynski, Leon  and
      Chester, Sean  and
      B{\o}gh, Kenneth",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1016",
    pages = "110--117",
}
@inproceedings{derczynski-gaizauskas-2015-temporal,
    title = "Temporal Relation Classification using a Model of Tense and Aspect",
    author = "Derczynski, Leon  and
      Gaizauskas, Robert",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1017",
    pages = "118--122",
}
@inproceedings{derczynski-bontcheva-2015-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Named Entity Annotation through Pre-empting",
    author = "Derczynski, Leon  and
      Bontcheva, Kalina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1018",
    pages = "123--130",
}
@inproceedings{ding-jiang-2015-joint,
    title = "A Joint Model of Product Properties, Aspects and Ratings for Online Reviews",
    author = "Ding, Ying  and
      Jiang, Jing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1019",
    pages = "131--137",
}
@inproceedings{ding-jiang-2015-towards,
    title = "Towards Opinion Summarization from Online Forums",
    author = "Ding, Ying  and
      Jiang, Jing",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1020",
    pages = "138--146",
}
@inproceedings{dinu-etal-2015-cross,
    title = "Cross-lingual Synonymy Overlap",
    author = "Dinu, Anca  and
      Dinu, Liviu P.  and
      Uban, Ana Sabina",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1021",
    pages = "147--152",
}
@inproceedings{el-maarouf-etal-2015-barbecued,
    title = "Barbecued Opakapaka: Using Semantic Preferences for Ontology Population",
    author = "El Maarouf, Ismail  and
      Marsic, Georgiana  and
      Or{\u{a}}san, Constantin",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1022",
    pages = "153--159",
}
@inproceedings{elia-etal-2015-towards,
    title = "Towards a Lexicon-grammar based Framework for {NLP}: an Opinion Mining Application",
    author = "Elia, Annibale  and
      Pelosi, Serena  and
      Maisto, Alessandro  and
      Guarasci, Raffaele",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1023",
    pages = "160--167",
}
@inproceedings{elleuch-etal-2015-using,
    title = "Using the Textual Content of the {LMF}-Normalized Dictionaries for Identifying and Linking the Syntactic Behaviors to the Meanings",
    author = "Elleuch, Imen  and
      Gargouri, Bilel  and
      Ben Hamadou, Abdelmajid",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1024",
    pages = "168--175",
}
@inproceedings{espinosa-anke-etal-2015-weakly,
    title = "Weakly Supervised Definition Extraction",
    author = "Espinosa-Anke, Luis  and
      Saggion, Horacio  and
      Ronzano, Francesco",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1025",
    pages = "176--185",
}
@inproceedings{fan-etal-2015-jointly,
    title = "Jointly Embedding Relations and Mentions for Knowledge Population",
    author = "Fan, Miao  and
      Cao, Kai  and
      He, Yifan  and
      Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1026",
    pages = "186--191",
}
@inproceedings{feuerbach-etal-2015-distributional,
    title = "Distributional Semantics for Resolving Bridging Mentions",
    author = "Feuerbach, Tim  and
      Riedl, Martin  and
      Biemann, Chris",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1027",
    pages = "192--199",
}
@inproceedings{galitsky-etal-2015-text,
    title = "Text Classification into Abstract Classes Based on Discourse Structure",
    author = "Galitsky, Boris  and
      Ilvovsky, Dmitry  and
      Kuznetsov, Sergey O.",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1028",
    pages = "200--207",
}
@inproceedings{ghanimifard-johansson-2015-enriching,
    title = "Enriching Word Sense Embeddings with Translational Context",
    author = "Ghanimifard, Mehdi  and
      Johansson, Richard",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1029",
    pages = "208--215",
}
@inproceedings{hu-buvet-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Acquisition of Artifact Nouns in {F}rench",
    author = "Hu, Xiaoqin  and
      Buvet, Pierre-Andr{\'e}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1030",
    pages = "216--223",
}
@inproceedings{jackov-2015-feature,
    title = "Feature-Rich Part-Of-Speech Tagging Using Deep Syntactic and Semantic Analysis",
    author = "Jackov, Luchezar",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1031",
    pages = "224--231",
}
@inproceedings{jaf-ramsay-2015-application,
    title = "The Application of Constraint Rules to Data-driven Parsing",
    author = "Jaf, Sardar  and
      Ramsay, Allan",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1032",
    pages = "232--238",
}
@inproceedings{jamatia-etal-2015-part,
    title = "Part-of-Speech Tagging for Code-Mixed {E}nglish-{H}indi Twitter and {F}acebook Chat Messages",
    author = {Jamatia, Anupam  and
      Gamb{\"a}ck, Bj{\"o}rn  and
      Das, Amitava},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1033",
    pages = "239--248",
}
@inproceedings{jovanoski-etal-2015-sentiment,
    title = "Sentiment Analysis in Twitter for {M}acedonian",
    author = "Jovanoski, Dame  and
      Pachovski, Veno  and
      Nakov, Preslav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1034",
    pages = "249--257",
}
@inproceedings{kanishcheva-angelova-2015-emotion,
    title = "About Emotion Identification in Visual Sentiment Analysis",
    author = "Kanishcheva, Olga  and
      Angelova, Galia",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1035",
    pages = "258--265",
}
@inproceedings{kapukaranov-nakov-2015-fine,
    title = "Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis for Movie Reviews in {B}ulgarian",
    author = "Kapukaranov, Borislav  and
      Nakov, Preslav",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1036",
    pages = "266--274",
}
@inproceedings{kessler-kuhn-2015-structural,
    title = "Structural Alignment for Comparison Detection",
    author = "Kessler, Wiltrud  and
      Kuhn, Jonas",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1037",
    pages = "275--281",
}
@inproceedings{kocon-marcinczuk-2015-recognition,
    title = "Recognition of Polish Temporal Expressions",
    author = "Koco{\'n}, Jan  and
      Marci{\'n}czuk, Micha{\l}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1038",
    pages = "282--290",
}
@inproceedings{komiya-etal-2015-domain,
    title = "Domain Adaptation with Filtering for Named Entity Extraction of {J}apanese Anime-Related Words",
    author = "Komiya, Kanako  and
      EDAMURA, Daichi  and
      TAMURA, Ryuta  and
      SASAKI, Minoru  and
      SHINNOU, Hiroyuki  and
      KOTANI, Yoshiyuki",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1039",
    pages = "291--297",
}
@inproceedings{kriz-etal-2015-feature,
    title = "Feature Extraction for Native Language Identification Using Language Modeling",
    author = "Kr{\'\i}{\v{z}}, Vincent  and
      Holub, Martin  and
      Pecina, Pavel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1040",
    pages = "298--306",
}
@inproceedings{kumar-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning Agglutinative Morphology of {I}ndian Languages with Linguistically Motivated Adaptor Grammars",
    author = "Kumar, Arun  and
      Padr{\'o}, Llu{\'\i}s  and
      Oliver, Antoni",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1041",
    pages = "307--312",
}
@inproceedings{kuncham-etal-2015-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Sandhi Splitter and its Effect on {NLP} Applications",
    author = "Kuncham, Prathyusha  and
      Nelakuditi, Kovida  and
      Mamidi, Radhika",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1042",
    pages = "313--319",
}
@inproceedings{kunneman-van-den-bosch-2015-automatically,
    title = "Automatically Identifying Periodic Social Events from Twitter",
    author = "Kunneman, Florian  and
      Van den Bosch, Antal",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1043",
    pages = "320--328",
}
@inproceedings{lafourcade-etal-2015-collecting,
    title = "Collecting and Evaluating Lexical Polarity with A Game With a Purpose",
    author = "Lafourcade, Mathieu  and
      Joubert, Alain  and
      Le Brun, Nathalie",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1044",
    pages = "329--337",
}
@inproceedings{lafourcade-ramadier-2015-medical,
    title = "Medical imaging report indexing: enrichment of index through an algorithm of spreading over a lexico-semantic network",
    author = "Lafourcade, Mathieu  and
      Ramadier, Lionel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1045",
    pages = "338--345",
}
@inproceedings{le-fokkens-2015-taxonomy,
    title = "Taxonomy Beats Corpus in Similarity Identification, but Does It Matter?",
    author = "Le, Minh  and
      Fokkens, Antske",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1046",
    pages = "346--354",
}
@inproceedings{liao-etal-2015-semantic,
    title = "Semantic Parsing via $l_{0}$-norm-based Alignment",
    author = "Liao, Zhihua  and
      Zeng, Qixian  and
      Wang, Qiyun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1047",
    pages = "355--361",
}
@inproceedings{liao-etal-2015-supervised,
    title = "A Supervised Semantic Parsing with Lexicon Extension and Syntactic Constraint",
    author = "Liao, Zhihua  and
      Zeng, Qixian  and
      Wang, Qiyun",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1048",
    pages = "362--370",
}
@inproceedings{ljubesic-etal-2015-predicting,
    title = "Predicting the Level of Text Standardness in User-generated Content",
    author = "Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola  and
      Fi{\v{s}}er, Darja  and
      Erjavec, Toma{\v{z}}  and
      {\v{C}}ibej, Jaka  and
      Marko, Dafne  and
      Pollak, Senja  and
      {\v{S}}krjanec, Iza",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1049",
    pages = "371--378",
}
@inproceedings{ljubesic-etal-2015-predicting-inflectional,
    title = "Predicting Inflectional Paradigms and Lemmata of Unknown Words for Semi-automatic Expansion of Morphological Lexicons",
    author = "Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola  and
      Espl{\`a}-Gomis, Miquel  and
      Klubi{\v{c}}ka, Filip  and
      Mikeli{\'c} Preradovi{\'c}, Nives",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1050",
    pages = "379--387",
}
@inproceedings{magnolini-magnini-2015-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Correlations Between Lexical Alignments and Semantic Inferences",
    author = "Magnolini, Simone  and
      Magnini, Bernardo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1051",
    pages = "388--397",
}
@inproceedings{magnolini-etal-2015-learning,
    title = "Learning the Impact of Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics for Semantic Textual Similarity",
    author = "Magnolini, Simone  and
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    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
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}
@inproceedings{malmasi-etal-2015-norwegian,
    title = "{N}orwegian Native Language Identification",
    author = "Malmasi, Shervin  and
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    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1053",
    pages = "404--412",
}
@inproceedings{marcinczuk-2015-automatic,
    title = "Automatic construction of complex features in Conditional Random Fields for Named Entities Recognition",
    author = "Marci{\'n}czuk, Micha{\l}",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1054",
    pages = "413--419",
}
@inproceedings{marrero-garcia-etal-2015-pattern,
    title = "Pattern Construction for Extracting Domain Terminology",
    author = "Marrero Garc{\'\i}a, Yusney  and
      Moreda Pozo, Paloma  and
      Mu{\~n}oz-Guillena, Rafael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
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    pages = "420--426",
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@inproceedings{maziarz-etal-2015-procedural,
    title = "A Procedural Definition of Multi-word Lexical Units",
    author = "Maziarz, Marek  and
      Szpakowicz, Stan  and
      Piasecki, Maciej",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing",
    month = sep,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Hissar, Bulgaria",
    publisher = "INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R15-1056",
    pages = "427--435",
}
@inproceedings{maziero-etal-2
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@inproceedings{niehues_pre-translation_2016,
	address = {Osaka, Japan},
	title = {Pre-translation for neural machine translation},
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	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.05243.pdf},
	abstract = {Recently, the development of neural machine translation (NMT) has significantly improved the translation quality of automatic machine translation. While most sentences are more accurate and fluent than translations by statistical machine translation (SMT)-based systems, in some cases, the NMT system produces translations that have a completely different meaning. This is especially the case when rare words occur. When using statistical machine translation, it has already been shown that significant gains can be achieved by simplifying the input in a preprocessing step. A commonly used example is the pre-reordering approach. In this work, we used phrase-based machine translation to pre-translate the input into the target language. Then a neural machine translation system generates the final hypothesis using the pre-translation. Thereby, we use either only the output of the phrase-based machine translation (PBMT) system or a combination of the PBMT output and the source sentence. We evaluate the technique on the English to German translation task. Using this approach we are able to outperform the PBMT system as well as the baseline neural MT system by up to 2 BLEU points. We analyzed the influence of the quality of the initial system on the final result.},
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}

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	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Twelfth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2015)},
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}

@article{li_learning_2019,
	title = {Learning {Efficient} {Lexically}-{Constrained} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} with {External} {Memory}},
	volume = {abs/1901.11344},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.11344.pdf},
	journal = {ArXiv},
	author = {Li, Ya and Liu, Xinyu and Liu, Dan and Zhang, Xueqiang and Liu, J.},
	year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{lavergne_limsis_2011,
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	title = {{LIMSI}'s experiments in domain adaptation for {IWSLT11}},
	url = {https://perso.limsi.fr/yvon/publications/sources/Lavergne11experiments.pdf},
	abstract = {LIMSI took part in the IWSLT 2011 TED task in the MT track for English to French using the in-house Ncode system, which implements the n-gram based approach to Machine Translation. This framework not only allows to achieve state-of-the-art results for this language pair, but is also appealing due to its conceptual simplicity and its use of well understood statistical language models. Using this approach, we compare several ways to adapt our existing systems and resources to the TED task with mixture of language models and try to provide an analysis of the modest gains obtained by training a log linear combination of in- and out-of-domain models.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Langugage} {Translation}},
	author = {Lavergne, Thomas and Le, Hai-Son and Allauzen, Alexandre and Yvon, François},
	editor = {Hwang, Mei-Yuh and Stüker, Sebastian},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {62--67},
}

@inproceedings{arivazhagan_monotonic_2019,
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	title = {Monotonic {Infinite} {Lookback} {Attention} for {Simultaneous} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1126},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/P19-1126},
	abstract = {Simultaneous machine translation begins to translate each source sentence before the source speaker is finished speaking, with applications to live and streaming scenarios. Simultaneous systems must carefully schedule their reading of the source sentence to balance quality against latency. We present the first simultaneous translation system to learn an adaptive schedule jointly with a neural machine translation (NMT) model that attends over all source tokens read thus far. We do so by introducing Monotonic Infinite Lookback (MILk) attention, which maintains both a hard, monotonic attention head to schedule the reading of the source sentence, and a soft attention head that extends from the monotonic head back to the beginning of the source. We show that MILk's adaptive schedule allows it to arrive at latency-quality trade-offs that are favorable to those of a recently proposed wait-k strategy for many latency values.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 57th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Arivazhagan, Naveen and Cherry, Colin and Macherey, Wolfgang and Chiu, Chung-Cheng and Yavuz, Semih and Pang, Ruoming and Li, Wei and Raffel, Colin},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1313--1323},
}

@book{xu_end--end_2020,
	title = {End-to-{End} {Slot} {Alignment} and {Recognition} for {Cross}-{Lingual} {NLU}},
	author = {Xu, Weijia and Haider, Batool and Mansour, Saab},
	year = {2020},
	note = {\_eprint: 2004.14353},
}

@inproceedings{sennrich_how_2017,
	address = {Valencia, Spain},
	title = {How {Grammatical} is {Character}-level {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}? {Assessing} {MT} {Quality} with {Contrastive} {Translation} {Pairs}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E17-2060},
	abstract = {Analysing translation quality in regards to specific linguistic phenomena has historically been difficult and time-consuming. Neural machine translation has the attractive property that it can produce scores for arbitrary translations, and we propose a novel method to assess how well NMT systems model specific linguistic phenomena such as agreement over long distances, the production of novel words, and the faithful translation of polarity. The core idea is that we measure whether a reference translation is more probable under a NMT model than a contrastive translation which introduces a specific type of error. We present LingEval97, a large-scale data set of 97000 contrastive translation pairs based on the WMT English-{\textbackslash}textgreaterGerman translation task, with errors automatically created with simple rules. We report results for a number of systems, and find that recently introduced character-level NMT systems perform better at transliteration than models with byte-pair encoding (BPE) segmentation, but perform more poorly at morphosyntactic agreement, and translating discontiguous units of meaning.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {Conference} of the {European} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Volume} 2, {Short} {Papers}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Sennrich, Rico},
	month = apr,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {376--382},
}

@inproceedings{qi_stanza_2020,
	title = {Stanza: {A} {Python} {Natural} {Language} {Processing} {Toolkit} for {Many} {Human} {Languages}},
	url = {https://nlp.stanford.edu/pubs/qi2020stanza.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {System} {Demonstrations}},
	author = {Qi, Peng and Zhang, Yuhao and Zhang, Yuhui and Bolton, Jason and Manning, Christopher D.},
	year = {2020},
}

@inproceedings{barrault_findings_2019,
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	title = {Findings of the 2019 {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT19})},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-5301},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W19-5301},
	abstract = {This paper presents the results of the premier shared task organized alongside the Conference on Machine Translation (WMT) 2019. Participants were asked to build machine translation systems for any of 18 language pairs, to be evaluated on a test set of news stories. The main metric for this task is human judgment of translation quality. The task was also opened up to additional test suites to probe specific aspects of translation.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fourth} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation} ({Volume} 2: {Shared} {Task} {Papers}, {Day} 1)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Barrault, Loïc and Bojar, Ondřej and Costa-jussà, Marta R. and Federmann, Christian and Fishel, Mark and Graham, Yvette and Haddow, Barry and Huck, Matthias and Koehn, Philipp and Malmasi, Shervin and Monz, Christof and Müller, Mathias and Pal, Santanu and Post, Matt and Zampieri, Marcos},
	month = aug,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1--61},
}

@inproceedings{duan_bilingual_2020,
	address = {Online},
	title = {Bilingual {Dictionary} {Based} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} without {Using} {Parallel} {Sentences}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.143},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.143},
	abstract = {In this paper, we propose a new task of machine translation (MT), which is based on no parallel sentences but can refer to a ground-truth bilingual dictionary. Motivated by the ability of a monolingual speaker learning to translate via looking up the bilingual dictionary, we propose the task to see how much potential an MT system can attain using the bilingual dictionary and large scale monolingual corpora, while is independent on parallel sentences. We propose anchored training (AT) to tackle the task. AT uses the bilingual dictionary to establish anchoring points for closing the gap between source language and target language. Experiments on various language pairs show that our approaches are significantly better than various baselines, including dictionary-based word-by-word translation, dictionary-supervised cross-lingual word embedding transformation, and unsupervised MT. On distant language pairs that are hard for unsupervised MT to perform well, AT performs remarkably better, achieving performances comparable to supervised SMT trained on more than 4M parallel sentences.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Duan, Xiangyu and Ji, Baijun and Jia, Hao and Tan, Min and Zhang, Min and Chen, Boxing and Luo, Weihua and Zhang, Yue},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1570--1579},
}

@book{nag_incorporating_2020,
	title = {Incorporating {Bilingual} {Dictionaries} for {Low} {Resource} {Semi}-{Supervised} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	author = {Nag, Sreyashi and Kale, Mihir and Lakshminarasimhan, Varun and Singhavi, Swapnil},
	year = {2020},
	note = {\_eprint: 2004.02071},
}

@inproceedings{hokamp_lexically_2017,
	address = {Vancouver, Canada},
	title = {Lexically {Constrained} {Decoding} for {Sequence} {Generation} {Using} {Grid} {Beam} {Search}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1141},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/P17-1141},
	abstract = {We present Grid Beam Search (GBS), an algorithm which extends beam search to allow the inclusion of pre-specified lexical constraints. The algorithm can be used with any model which generates sequences token by token. Lexical constraints take the form of phrases or words that must be present in the output sequence. This is a very general way to incorporate auxillary knowledge into a model's output without requiring any modification of the parameters or training data. We demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of Lexically Constrained Decoding by conducting experiments on Neural Interactive-Predictive Translation, as well as Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation. Experiments show that GBS can provide large improvements in translation quality in interactive scenarios, and that, even without any user input, GBS can be used to achieve significant gains in performance in domain adaptation scenarios.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({Volume} 1: {Long} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Hokamp, Chris and Liu, Qun},
	month = jul,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1535--1546},
}

@inproceedings{hasler_neural_2018,
	address = {New Orleans, Louisiana},
	title = {Neural {Machine} {Translation} {Decoding} with {Terminology} {Constraints}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-2081},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/N18-2081},
	abstract = {Despite the impressive quality improvements yielded by neural machine translation (NMT) systems, controlling their translation output to adhere to user-provided terminology constraints remains an open problem. We describe our approach to constrained neural decoding based on finite-state machines and multi-stack decoding which supports target-side constraints as well as constraints with corresponding aligned input text spans. We demonstrate the performance of our framework on multiple translation tasks and motivate the need for constrained decoding with attentions as a means of reducing misplacement and duplication when translating user constraints.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies}, {Volume} 2 ({Short} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Hasler, Eva and de Gispert, Adrià and Iglesias, Gonzalo and Byrne, Bill},
	month = jun,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {506--512},
}

@inproceedings{chatterjee_guiding_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
	title = {Guiding {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} {Decoding} with {External} {Knowledge}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-4716},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W17-4716},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Chatterjee, Rajen and Negri, Matteo and Turchi, Marco and Federico, Marcello and Specia, Lucia and Blain, Frédéric},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {157--168},
}

@inproceedings{post_fast_2018,
	address = {New Orleans, Louisiana},
	title = {Fast {Lexically} {Constrained} {Decoding} with {Dynamic} {Beam} {Allocation} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-1119},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/N18-1119},
	abstract = {The end-to-end nature of neural machine translation (NMT) removes many ways of manually guiding the translation process that were available in older paradigms. Recent work, however, has introduced a new capability: lexically constrained or guided decoding, a modification to beam search that forces the inclusion of pre-specified words and phrases in the output. However, while theoretically sound, existing approaches have computational complexities that are either linear (Hokamp and Liu, 2017) or exponential (Anderson et al., 2017) in the number of constraints. We present a algorithm for lexically constrained decoding with a complexity of O(1) in the number of constraints. We demonstrate the algorithm's remarkable ability to properly place these constraints, and use it to explore the shaky relationship between model and BLEU scores. Our implementation is available as part of Sockeye.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies}, {Volume} 1 ({Long} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Post, Matt and Vilar, David},
	month = jun,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1314--1324},
}

@inproceedings{dinu_training_2019,
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	title = {Training {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} to {Apply} {Terminology} {Constraints}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1294},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/P19-1294},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a novel method to inject custom terminology into neural machine translation at run time. Previous works have mainly proposed modifications to the decoding algorithm in order to constrain the output to include run-time-provided target terms. While being effective, these constrained decoding methods add, however, significant computational overhead to the inference step, and, as we show in this paper, can be brittle when tested in realistic conditions. In this paper we approach the problem by training a neural MT system to learn how to use custom terminology when provided with the input. Comparative experiments show that our method is not only more effective than a state-of-the-art implementation of constrained decoding, but is also as fast as constraint-free decoding.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 57th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Dinu, Georgiana and Mathur, Prashant and Federico, Marcello and Al-Onaizan, Yaser},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {3063--3068},
}

@inproceedings{zhang_prior_2017,
	address = {Vancouver, Canada},
	title = {Prior {Knowledge} {Integration} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} using {Posterior} {Regularization}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1139},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/P17-1139},
	abstract = {Although neural machine translation has made significant progress recently, how to integrate multiple overlapping, arbitrary prior knowledge sources remains a challenge. In this work, we propose to use posterior regularization to provide a general framework for integrating prior knowledge into neural machine translation. We represent prior knowledge sources as features in a log-linear model, which guides the learning processing of the neural translation model. Experiments on Chinese-English dataset show that our approach leads to significant improvements.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({Volume} 1: {Long} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Zhang, Jiacheng and Liu, Yang and Luan, Huanbo and Xu, Jingfang and Sun, Maosong},
	month = jul,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1514--1523},
}

@inproceedings{arthur_incorporating_2016,
	address = {Austin, Texas},
	title = {Incorporating {Discrete} {Translation} {Lexicons} into {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D16-1162},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/D16-1162},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Arthur, Philip and Neubig, Graham and Nakamura, Satoshi},
	month = nov,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1557--1567},
}

@article{turchi_continuous_2017,
	title = {Continuous {Learning} from {Human} {Post}-{Edits} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	volume = {108},
	doi = {10.1515/pralin-2017-0023},
	journal = {The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics},
	author = {Turchi, Marco and Negri, Matteo and Farajian, Amin and Federico, Marcello},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{pham_relative_2020,
	address = {Shanghai, China},
	title = {Relative {Positional} {Encoding} for {Speech} {Recognition} and {Direct} {Translation}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.09940.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2020)},
	author = {Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Ha, Thanh-Le and Nguyen, Tuan-Nam and Nguyen, Thai-Son and Salesky, Elizabeth and Stueker, Sebastian and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alexander},
	year = {2020},
	note = {\_eprint: 2005.09940},
}

@inproceedings{liu_low-latency_2020,
	address = {Shanghai, China},
	title = {Low-{Latency} {Sequence}-to-{Sequence} {Speech} {Recognition} and {Translation} by {Partial} {Hypothesis} {Selection}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.11185.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2020)},
	author = {Liu, Danni and Spanakis, Gerasimos and Niehues, Jan},
	year = {2020},
	note = {\_eprint: 2005.11185},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_machine_2020,
	address = {Virtual},
	title = {Machine {Translation} with {Unsupervised} {Length}-{Constraints}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03176.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceddings of the 14th biennial conference of the {Association} for {Machine} {Translation} in the {Americas} ({AMTA})},
	author = {Niehues, Jan},
	year = {2020},
	note = {\_eprint: 2004.03176},
}

@article{flesch_new_1948,
	title = {A new readability yardstick.},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0021-9010},
	url = {http://libezproxy.open.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=apl-32-3-221&site=ehost-live&scope=site},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Psychology},
	author = {Flesch, Rudolph},
	month = jun,
	year = {1948},
	keywords = {readability},
	pages = {p221 -- 233},
}

@inproceedings{papineni_bleu_2002,
	address = {Morristown, NJ, USA},
	title = {{BLEU}: a {Method} for {Automatic} {Evaluation} of {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1073083.1073135},
	doi = {10.3115/1073083.1073135},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th {Annual} {Meeting} on {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} - {ACL} '02},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Papineni, Kishore and Roukos, Salim and Ward, Todd and Zhu, Wei-Jing},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {311},
}

@inproceedings{banon_paracrawl_2020,
	address = {Online},
	title = {{ParaCrawl}: {Web}-{Scale} {Acquisition} of {Parallel} {Corpora}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.417},
	abstract = {We report on methods to create the largest publicly available parallel corpora by crawling the web, using open source software. We empirically compare alternative methods and publish benchmark data sets for sentence alignment and sentence pair filtering. We also describe the parallel corpora released and evaluate their quality and their usefulness to create machine translation systems.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Bañón, Marta and Chen, Pinzhen and Haddow, Barry and Heafield, Kenneth and Hoang, Hieu and Esplà-Gomis, Miquel and Forcada, Mikel L. and Kamran, Amir and Kirefu, Faheem and Koehn, Philipp and Ortiz Rojas, Sergio and Pla Sempere, Leopoldo and Ramírez-Sánchez, Gema and Sarrías, Elsa and Strelec, Marek and Thompson, Brian and Waites, William and Wiggins, Dion and Zaragoza, Jaume},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {4555--4567},
}

@inproceedings{ansari_findings_2020,
	address = {Online},
	title = {{FINDINGS} {OF} {THE} {IWSLT} 2020 {EVALUATION} {CAMPAIGN}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.iwslt-1.1},
	abstract = {The evaluation campaign of the International Conference on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT 2020) featured this year six challenge tracks: (i) Simultaneous speech translation, (ii) Video speech translation, (iii) Offline speech translation, (iv) Conversational speech translation, (v) Open domain translation, and (vi) Non-native speech translation. A total of teams participated in at least one of the tracks. This paper introduces each track's goal, data and evaluation metrics, and reports the results of the received submissions.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th {International} {Conference} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Ansari, Ebrahim and Axelrod, Amittai and Bach, Nguyen and Bojar, Ondřej and Cattoni, Roldano and Dalvi, Fahim and Durrani, Nadir and Federico, Marcello and Federmann, Christian and Gu, Jiatao and Huang, Fei and Knight, Kevin and Ma, Xutai and Nagesh, Ajay and Negri, Matteo and Niehues, Jan and Pino, Juan and Salesky, Elizabeth and Shi, Xing and Stüker, Sebastian and Turchi, Marco and Waibel, Alexander and Wang, Changhan},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1--34},
}

@inproceedings{liu_adapting_2020,
	address = {Online},
	title = {Adapting {End}-to-{End} {Speech} {Recognition} for {Readable} {Subtitles}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.iwslt-1.30},
	abstract = {Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are primarily evaluated on transcription accuracy. However, in some use cases such as subtitling, verbatim transcription would reduce output readability given limited screen size and reading time. Therefore, this work focuses on ASR with output compression, a task challenging for supervised approaches due to the scarcity of training data. We first investigate a cascaded system, where an unsupervised compression model is used to post-edit the transcribed speech. We then compare several methods of end-to-end speech recognition under output length constraints. The experiments show that with limited data far less than needed for training a model from scratch, we can adapt a Transformer-based ASR model to incorporate both transcription and compression capabilities. Furthermore, the best performance in terms of WER and ROUGE scores is achieved by explicitly modeling the length constraints within the end-to-end ASR system.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th {International} {Conference} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Liu, Danni and Niehues, Jan and Spanakis, Gerasimos},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {247--256},
}

@inproceedings{bauer_towards_1999,
	address = {Siena, Italy},
	title = {Towards an {Automatic} {Sign} {Language} {Translation} {System}},
	booktitle = {Proc. of the {International} {Workshop} on {Physicality} and {Tangibility} in {Interaction}: {Towards} {New} {Paradigms} for {Interaction} {Beyond} the {Desktop}},
	author = {Bauer, B. and Nießen, S. and Hienz, H.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1999},
}

@inproceedings{weiss_sequence--sequence_2017,
	title = {Sequence-to-{Sequence} {Models} {Can} {Directly} {Translate} {Foreign} {Speech}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.08581},
	author = {Weiss, Ron J. and Chorowski, Jan and Jaitly, Navdeep and Wu, Yonghui and Chen, Zhifeng},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{camgoz_neural_2018,
	address = {Salt Lake City, USA},
	title = {Neural {Sign} {Language} {Translation}},
	url = {http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/S.Hadfield/papers/camgoz18cvpr.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} conference on {Computer} {Vision} and {Pattern} {Recognition} ({CVPR})},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	author = {Camgoz, Necati Cihan and Hadfield, Simon and Koller, Oscar and Ney, Hermann and Bowden, Richard},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{smith_dirt_2013,
	address = {Sofia, Bulgaria},
	title = {Dirt {Cheap} {Web}-{Scale} {Parallel} {Text} from the {Common} {Crawl}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-1135},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 51st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({Volume} 1: {Long} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Smith, Jason R. and Saint-Amand, Herve and Plamada, Magdalena and Koehn, Philipp and Callison-Burch, Chris and Lopez, Adam},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1374--1383},
}

@article{hernandez_ted-lium_2018,
	title = {{TED}-{LIUM} 3: twice as much data and corpus repartition for experiments on speaker adaptation},
	volume = {abs/1805.04699},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.04699},
	journal = {CoRR},
	author = {Hernandez, François and Nguyen, Vincent and Ghannay, Sahar and Tomashenko, Natalia A. and Estève, Yannick},
	year = {2018},
	note = {\_eprint: 1805.04699},
}

@inproceedings{ghaleb_multimodal_2020,
	address = {United Arab Emirates},
	title = {'{Multimodal} {Attention}-{Mechanism} for {Temporal} {Emotion} {Recogntion}'},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Image} {Processing} ({ICIP}) 2020},
	author = {Ghaleb, Esam and Niehues, Jan and Asteriadis, Stelios},
	year = {2020},
}

@article{nguyen_high_2020,
	title = {High {Performance} {Sequence}-to-{Sequence} {Model} for {Streaming} {Speech} {Recognition}},
	volume = {abs/2003.10022},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.10022},
	journal = {CoRR},
	author = {Nguyen, Thai-Son and Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Stüker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2020},
	note = {\_eprint: 2003.10022},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_pos-based_2009,
	address = {Athens, Greece},
	title = {A {POS}-based {Model} for {Long}-{Range} {Reorderings} in {SMT}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-0435.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fourth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2009)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Kolss, Muntsin},
	year = {2009},
}

@inproceedings{kolss_isl_2006,
	address = {Trento, Italy},
	title = {The {ISL} statistical machine translation system for the {TC}-{STAR} spring 2006 evaluation},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3696/f0d39ab6172dc73b716d1c28cc30c15d5651.pdf},
	booktitle = {{TC}-{STAR} {Workshop} on {Speech}-to-{Speech} {Translation}, {TC}-{STAR}-{WS}},
	author = {Kolss, Muntsin and Zhao, Bing and Vogel, Stefan and Hildebrand, Silja and Niehues, Jan and Venugopal, Ashish and Zhang, Yang},
	year = {2006},
}

@inproceedings{lakew_controlling_2019,
	address = {Hong Kong},
	title = {Controlling the {Output} {Length} of {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3524957},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3524957},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2019)},
	publisher = {Zenodo},
	author = {Lakew, Surafel Melaku and Di Gangi, Mattia and Federico, Marcello},
	month = nov,
	year = {2019},
}

@article{johnson_googles_2017,
	title = {Google's {Multilingual} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} {System}: {Enabling} {Zero}-{Shot} {Translation}},
	volume = {5},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Q17-1024},
	doi = {10.1162/tacl_a_00065},
	abstract = {We propose a simple solution to use a single Neural Machine Translation (NMT) model to translate between multiple languages. Our solution requires no changes to the model architecture from a standard NMT system but instead introduces an artificial token at the beginning of the input sentence to specify the required target language. Using a shared wordpiece vocabulary, our approach enables Multilingual NMT systems using a single model. On the WMT'14 benchmarks, a single multilingual model achieves comparable performance for English→French and surpasses state-of-theart results for English→German. Similarly, a single multilingual model surpasses state-of-the-art results for French→English and German→English on WMT'14 and WMT'15 benchmarks, respectively. On production corpora, multilingual models of up to twelve language pairs allow for better translation of many individual pairs. Our models can also learn to perform implicit bridging between language pairs never seen explicitly during training, showing that transfer learning and zero-shot translation is possible for neural translation. Finally, we show analyses that hints at a universal interlingua representation in our models and also show some interesting examples when mixing languages.},
	journal = {Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Johnson, Melvin and Schuster, Mike and Le, Quoc V. and Krikun, Maxim and Wu, Yonghui and Chen, Zhifeng and Thorat, Nikhil and Viégas, Fernanda and Wattenberg, Martin and Corrado, Greg and Hughes, Macduff and Dean, Jeffrey},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {339--351},
}

@inproceedings{angerbauer_automatic_2019,
	title = {Automatic {Compression} of {Subtitles} with {Neural} {Networks} and its {Effect} on {User} {Experience}},
	doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2019-1750},
	abstract = {Understanding spoken language can be impeded through factors like noisy environments, hearing impairments or lack of
proficiency. Subtitles can help in those cases. However, for
fast speech or limited screen size, it might be advantageous to
compress the subtitles to their most relevant content. Therefore, we address automatic sentence compression in this paper. We
propose a neural network model based on an encoder-decoder
approach with the possibility of integrating the desired compression ratio. Using this model, we conduct a user study to
investigate the effects of compressed subtitles on user experience. Our results show that compressed subtitles can suffice for
comprehension but may pose additional cognitive load.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2019)},
	author = {Angerbauer, Katrin and Adel, Heike and Vu, Thang},
	month = sep,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {594--598},
}

@inproceedings{tu_modeling_2016,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {Modeling {Coverage} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1008},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/P16-1008},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({Volume} 1: {Long} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Tu, Zhaopeng and Lu, Zhengdong and Liu, Yang and Liu, Xiaohua and Li, Hang},
	month = aug,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {76--85},
}

@inproceedings{takase_positional_2019,
	address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
	title = {Positional {Encoding} to {Control} {Output} {Sequence} {Length}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N19-1401},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/N19-1401},
	abstract = {Neural encoder-decoder models have been successful in natural language generation tasks. However, real applications of abstractive summarization must consider an additional constraint that a generated summary should not exceed a desired length. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective extension of a sinusoidal positional encoding (Vaswani et al., 2017) so that a neural encoder-decoder model preserves the length constraint. Unlike previous studies that learn length embeddings, the proposed method can generate a text of any length even if the target length is unseen in training data. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able not only to control generation length but also improve ROUGE scores.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies}, {Volume} 1 ({Long} and {Short} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Takase, Sho and Okazaki, Naoaki},
	month = jun,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {3999--4004},
}

@inproceedings{stevens_introduction_2004,
	title = {Introduction to {Rubrics}: {An} {Assessment} {Tool} to {Save} {Grading} {Time}, {Convey} {Effective} {Feedback}, and {Promote} {Student} {Learning}},
	author = {Stevens, Dannelle D. and Levi, Antonia J.},
	year = {2004},
}

@article{mitchell_introduction_2006,
	title = {Introduction to {Rubrics}: {An} {Assessment} {Tool} to {Save} {Grading} {Time}, {Convey} {Effective} {Feedback} and {Promote} {Student} {Learning} (review)},
	volume = {47},
	doi = {10.1353/csd.2006.0033},
	journal = {Journal of College Student Development},
	author = {Mitchell, Alice},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {352--355},
}

@book{boyd_developing_2007,
	title = {Developing {Effective} {Assessment} in {Higher} {Education}: a practical guide},
	isbn = {9780 335 221073},
	author = {Boyd, Pete and Bloxham, Sue},
	year = {2007},
}

@incollection{wiliam_integrating_2008,
	title = {Integrating assessment with instruction: {What} will it take to make it work?},
	booktitle = {Future of assessment: {Shaping} teaching and learning},
	author = {Wiliam, Dylan and Thompson, Marnie},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {53--82},
}

@inproceedings{romer_making_1995,
	title = {Making quality count in undergraduate education},
	author = {Romer, Rolf L.},
	year = {1995},
}

@article{straub_students_1997,
	title = {Students' {Reactions} to {Teacher} {Comments}: {An} {Exploratory} {Study}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0034527X},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40171265},
	abstract = {Current scholarship indicates that most writing students read and make use of teachers' written comments on their drafts and find some types of comments more helpful than others. But the research is unclear about which comments students find most useful and why. This article presents the results of a survey of 142 first-year college writing students' perceptions about teacher comments on a writing sample. A 40-item questionnaire was used to investigate students' reactions to three variables of teacher response: focus, specificity, and mode. The survey found that these college students seemed equally interested in getting responses on global matters of content, purpose, and organization as on local matters of sentence structure, wording, and correctness, but were wary of negative comments about ideas they had already expressed in their text. It also found that these students favored detailed commentary with specific and elaborated comments, but they did not like comments that sought to control their writing or that failed to provide helpful criticism for improving the writing. They most preferred comments that provided advice, employed open questions, or included explanations that guided revision.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Research in the Teaching of English},
	author = {Straub, Richard},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English},
	pages = {91--119},
}

@book{vygotsky_mind_1978,
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	title = {Mind and society: {The} {Development} of {Higher} {Mental} {Processes}},
	url = {http://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html},
	publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	author = {Vygotsky, L. S.},
	year = {1978},
	keywords = {development jypeli mental processes social\_constructivism society},
}

@article{freeman_active_2014,
	title = {Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics},
	volume = {111},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/content/111/23/8410},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1319030111},
	abstract = {The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology has called for a 33\% increase in the number of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) bachelor’s degrees completed per year and recommended adoption of empirically validated teaching practices as critical to achieving that goal. The studies analyzed here document that active learning leads to increases in examination performance that would raise average grades by a half a letter, and that failure rates under traditional lecturing increase by 55\% over the rates observed under active learning. The analysis supports theory claiming that calls to increase the number of students receiving STEM degrees could be answered, at least in part, by abandoning traditional lecturing in favor of active learning.To test the hypothesis that lecturing maximizes learning and course performance, we metaanalyzed 225 studies that reported data on examination scores or failure rates when comparing student performance in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses under traditional lecturing versus active learning. The effect sizes indicate that on average, student performance on examinations and concept inventories increased by 0.47 SDs under active learning (n = 158 studies), and that the odds ratio for failing was 1.95 under traditional lecturing (n = 67 studies). These results indicate that average examination scores improved by about 6\% in active learning sections, and that students in classes with traditional lecturing were 1.5 times more likely to fail than were students in classes with active learning. Heterogeneity analyses indicated that both results hold across the STEM disciplines, that active learning increases scores on concept inventories more than on course examinations, and that active learning appears effective across all class sizes—although the greatest effects are in small (n {\textless}= 50) classes. Trim and fill analyses and fail-safe n calculations suggest that the results are not due to publication bias. The results also appear robust to variation in the methodological rigor of the included studies, based on the quality of controls over student quality and instructor identity. This is the largest and most comprehensive metaanalysis of undergraduate STEM education published to date. The results raise questions about the continued use of traditional lecturing as a control in research studies, and support active learning as the preferred, empirically validated teaching practice in regular classrooms.},
	number = {23},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	author = {Freeman, Scott and Eddy, Sarah L. and McDonough, Miles and Smith, Michelle K. and Okoroafor, Nnadozie and Jordt, Hannah and Wenderoth, Mary Pat},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
\_eprint: https://www.pnas.org/content/111/23/8410.full.pdf},
	pages = {8410--8415},
}

@article{stuart_medical_1978,
	title = {{MEDICAL} {STUDENT} {CONCENTRATION} {DURING} {LECTURES}},
	volume = {312},
	journal = {The Lancet},
	author = {Stuart, John and Rutherford, R. J. D.},
	year = {1978},
	pages = {514--516},
}

@article{lujan_too_2006,
	title = {Too much teaching, not enough learning: what is the solution?},
	volume = {30},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00061.2005},
	doi = {10.1152/advan.00061.2005},
	abstract = {The curriculum is packed with so much content that teachers resort to telling students what they know and students simply commit facts to memory. The packed curriculum leaves little time for students to acquire a deep understanding of the subject or to develop life-long skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, and communication. However, learning is not committing a set of facts to memory, but the ability to use resources to find, evaluate, and apply information. This paper addresses these concerns by discussing “how we learn” and reviewing the literature on what works to improve learning. It is clear that active processing of information, not passive reception of information, leads to learning. That is, students must construct their own understanding of concepts, relationships, and procedures. Teachers can encourage this process by carefully considering the type and organization of information as well as instructional strategies. Specifically, teachers should reduce the total amount of factual information students are expected to memorize, reduce our use of the passive lecture format, and devote much more effort to helping students become active, independent learners and problem solvers. Collaborative learning activities, interactive models, educational games, and establishing a culture of inquiry/scholarship are critical for achieving these goals.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Advances in Physiology Education},
	author = {Lujan, Heidi L. and DiCarlo, Stephen E.},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16481604},
	note = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00061.2005},
	pages = {17--22},
}

@article{arnold_john_2011,
	title = {John {Hattie}: {Visible} learning: {A} synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement},
	volume = {57},
	doi = {10.1007/s11159-011-9198-8},
	journal = {International Review of Education},
	author = {Arnold, Ivo},
	year = {2011},
}

@inproceedings{dale_audio-visual_1946,
	title = {Audio-visual methods in teaching},
	author = {Dale, Edgar},
	year = {1946},
}

@inproceedings{lalley_learning_2007,
	title = {The {Learning} {Pyramid}: {Does} {It} {Point} {Teachers} in the {Right} {Direction}?.},
	author = {Lalley, James P. and Miller, Robert Hopkins},
	year = {2007},
}

@book{earl_rethinking_2006,
	title = {Rethinking {Classroom} {Assessment} with {Purpose} in {Mind} : {Assessment} for {Learning}, {Assessment} as {Learning}, {Assessment} of {Learning}},
	isbn = {978-0-7711-3499-9},
	url = {https://books.google.nl/books?id=yl7hAAAACAAJ},
	publisher = {Government of Manitoba},
	author = {Earl, L.M. and Division, Manitoba School Programs},
	year = {2006},
}

@article{vleuten_model_2012,
	title = {A model for programmatic assessment fit for purpose},
	volume = {34},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.652239},
	doi = {10.3109/0142159X.2012.652239},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Medical Teacher},
	author = {Vleuten, C. P. M. van der and Schuwirth, L. W. T. and Driessen, E. W. and Dijkstra, J. and Tigelaar, D. and Baartman, L. K. J. and Tartwijk, J. van},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22364452},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.652239},
	pages = {205--214},
}

@book{lw_taxonomy_2001,
	title = {A {Taxonomy} for {Learning}, {Teaching}, and {Assessing}: {A} {Revision} of {Bloom}'s {Taxonomy} of {Educational} {Objectives}},
	isbn = {ISBN: 080131903X},
	author = {LW, Anderson and DR, Krathwohl and PW, Airasian and KA, Cruikshank and Mayer, Richard and PR, Pintrich and Raths, J. and MC, Wittrock},
	year = {2001},
}

@book{drost_um_2018,
	address = {Netherlands},
	title = {The {UM} {Handbook} for {Constructive} {Alignment}},
	isbn = {978-90-808752-8-9},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {EDLAB},
	author = {Drost, Valerie},
	editor = {Jansen, Walter},
	year = {2018},
}

@book{biggs_teaching_2011,
	series = {{SRHE} and {Open} {University} {Press} {Imprint}},
	title = {Teaching {For} {Quality} {Learning} {At} {University}},
	isbn = {978-0-335-24275-7},
	url = {https://books.google.nl/books?id=XhjRBrDAESkC},
	publisher = {McGraw-Hill Education},
	author = {Biggs, J. and Tang, C.},
	year = {2011},
	lccn = {2002074964},
}

@inproceedings{cho_punctuation_2015,
	title = {Punctuation {Insertion} for {Real}-time {Spoken} {Language} {Translation}},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/pdf/Cho2015.pdf},
	abstract = {Sentence segmentation and punctuation insertion in the output of automatic recognition systems is essential for its readability as well as for the performance of subsequent ap-plications, such as machine translation systems. While a longer context can boost the accuracy of inserted punctua-tion marks, it drastically increases the delay in the spoken language translation system. In this work, we investigate the impact of shorter context in punctuation insertion task on simultaneous speech trans-lation system. We suggest a new scheme within stream de-coding where the time delay consumed on punctuation pre-diction is avoided. Our evaluations on the English TED talks show that our suggested scheme can be used as an efficient method to punctuate recognized streams in real-time scenar-ios. While outperforming a conventional language model and prosody based punctuation prediction system, our model maintains a comparable performance compared to systems that require longer contexts.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation}},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Kilgour, Kevin and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2015},
}

@book{song_coursera_2019,
	title = {Coursera {Corpus} {Mining} and {Multistage} {Fine}-{Tuning} for {Improving} {Lectures} {Translation}},
	author = {Song, Haiyue and Dabre, Raj and Fujita, Atsushi and Kurohashi, Sadao},
	year = {2019},
}

@book{lan_albert_2019,
	title = {{ALBERT}: {A} {Lite} {BERT} for {Self}-supervised {Learning} of {Language} {Representations}},
	author = {Lan, Zhenzhong and Chen, Mingda and Goodman, Sebastian and Gimpel, Kevin and Sharma, Piyush and Soricut, Radu},
	year = {2019},
}

@article{salesky_optimizing_2020,
	title = {Optimizing segmentation granularity for neural machine translation},
	issn = {0922-6567},
	url = {http://links.springernature.com/f/a/Q-hk7eXFIxGqgy8b6_gakA~~/AABE5gA~/RgRgDgE9P0QwaHR0cDovL3d3dy5zcHJpbmdlci5jb20vLS8xL0FXX2ZBNmdmRjJmd1B0OVNTbExtVwNzcGNCCgAAvc0sXjhWhlZSE2VzYWxlc2t5QGNzLmNtdS5lZHVYBAAABuc~},
	doi = {10.1007/s10590-019-09243-8},
	abstract = {In neural machine translation (NMT), it has become standard to translate using subword units to allow for an open vocabulary and improve accuracy on infrequent words. Byte-pair encoding (BPE) and its variants are the predominant approach to generating these subwords, as they are unsupervised, resource-free, and empirically effective. However, the granularity of these subword units is a hyperparameter to be tuned for each language and task, using methods such as grid search. Tuning may be done inexhaustively or skipped entirely due to resource constraints, leading to sub-optimal performance. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically tune this parameter using only one training pass. We incrementally introduce new BPE vocabulary online based on the held-out validation loss, beginning with smaller, general subwords and adding larger, more specific units over the course of training. Our method matches the results found with grid search, optimizing segmentation granularity while significantly reducing overall training time. We also show benefits in training efficiency and performance improvements for rare words due to the way embeddings for larger units are incrementally constructed by combining those from smaller units.},
	journal = {Machine Translation},
	author = {Salesky, Elizabeth and Runge, Andrew and Coda, Alex and Niehues, Jan and Neubig, Graham},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1--19},
}

@inproceedings{nguyen_improving_2020,
	address = {Barcelona, Spain},
	title = {Improving sequence-to-sequence speech recognition training with on-the-fly data augmentation},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.13296.pdf},
	booktitle = {{ICASSP} 2020 - 2020 {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Acoustics}, {Speech} and {Signal} {Processing} ({ICASSP})},
	author = {Nguyen, Thai-Son and Stueker, Sebastian and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2020},
}

@article{noauthor_notitle_nodate,
}

@article{stuker_sebastian_speech_2018,
	title = {Speech interaction strategies for a humanoid assistant},
	volume = {161},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816101002},
	doi = {10.1051/matecconf/201816101002},
	journal = {MATEC Web Conf.},
	author = {{Stüker, Sebastian} and {Constantin, Stefan} and {Niehues, Jan} and {Nguyen, Thai-Son} and {Müller, Markus} and {Pham, Ngoc Quan} and {Rüde, Robin} and {Waibel, Alex}},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {01002},
}

@inproceedings{kucza_term_2018,
	title = {Term {Extraction} via {Neural} {Sequence} {Labeling} a {Comparative} {Evaluation} of {Strategies} {Using} {Recurrent} {Neural} {Networks}},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2018-2017},
	doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2018-2017},
	booktitle = {Proc. {Interspeech} 2018},
	author = {Kucza, Maren and Niehues, Jan and Zenkel, Thomas and Waibel, Alex and Stüker, Sebastian},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {2072--2076},
}

@inproceedings{sennrich_neural_2016,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {Neural {Machine} {Translation} of {Rare} {Words} with {Subword} {Units}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1162},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/P16-1162},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({Volume} 1: {Long} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Sennrich, Rico and Haddow, Barry and Birch, Alexandra},
	month = aug,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1715--1725},
}

@inproceedings{bojar_findings_2016,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {Findings of the 2016 {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2301},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W16-2301},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {First} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}: {Volume} 2, {Shared} {Task} {Papers}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Bojar, Ondřej and Chatterjee, Rajen and Federmann, Christian and Graham, Yvette and Haddow, Barry and Huck, Matthias and Jimeno Yepes, Antonio and Koehn, Philipp and Logacheva, Varvara and Monz, Christof and Negri, Matteo and Névéol, Aurélie and Neves, Mariana and Popel, Martin and Post, Matt and Rubino, Raphael and Scarton, Carolina and Specia, Lucia and Turchi, Marco and Verspoor, Karin and Zampieri, Marcos},
	month = aug,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {131--198},
}

@inproceedings{fevry_unsupervised_2018,
	address = {Brussels, Belgium},
	title = {Unsupervised {Sentence} {Compression} using {Denoising} {Auto}-{Encoders}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K18-1040},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/K18-1040},
	abstract = {In sentence compression, the task of shortening sentences while retaining the original meaning, models tend to be trained on large corpora containing pairs of verbose and compressed sentences. To remove the need for paired corpora, we emulate a summarization task and add noise to extend sentences and train a denoising auto-encoder to recover the original, constructing an end-to-end training regime without the need for any examples of compressed sentences. We conduct a human evaluation of our model on a standard text summarization dataset and show that it performs comparably to a supervised baseline based on grammatical correctness and retention of meaning. Despite being exposed to no target data, our unsupervised models learn to generate imperfect but reasonably readable sentence summaries. Although we underperform supervised models based on ROUGE scores, our models are competitive with a supervised baseline based on human evaluation for grammatical correctness and retention of meaning.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd {Conference} on {Computational} {Natural} {Language} {Learning}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Fevry, Thibault and Phang, Jason},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {413--422},
}

@inproceedings{lample_unsupervised_2018,
	title = {Unsupervised {Machine} {Translation} {Using} {Monolingual} {Corpora} {Only}},
	url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=rkYTTf-AZ},
	booktitle = {International {Conference} on {Learning} {Representations}},
	author = {Lample, Guillaume and Conneau, Alexis and Denoyer, Ludovic and Ranzato, Marc'Aurelio},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{artetxe_unsupervised_2018,
	title = {Unsupervised {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=Sy2ogebAW},
	booktitle = {International {Conference} on {Learning} {Representations}},
	author = {Artetxe, Mikel and Labaka, Gorka and Agirre, Eneko and Cho, Kyunghyun},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{fevry_unsupervised_2018-1,
	address = {Brussels, Belgium},
	title = {Unsupervised {Sentence} {Compression} using {Denoising} {Auto}-{Encoders}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K18-1040},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/K18-1040},
	abstract = {In sentence compression, the task of shortening sentences while retaining the original meaning, models tend to be trained on large corpora containing pairs of verbose and compressed sentences. To remove the need for paired corpora, we emulate a summarization task and add noise to extend sentences and train a denoising auto-encoder to recover the original, constructing an end-to-end training regime without the need for any examples of compressed sentences. We conduct a human evaluation of our model on a standard text summarization dataset and show that it performs comparably to a supervised baseline based on grammatical correctness and retention of meaning. Despite being exposed to no target data, our unsupervised models learn to generate imperfect but reasonably readable sentence summaries. Although we underperform supervised models based on ROUGE scores, our models are competitive with a supervised baseline based on human evaluation for grammatical correctness and retention of meaning.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd {Conference} on {Computational} {Natural} {Language} {Learning}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Fevry, Thibault and Phang, Jason},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {413--422},
}

@inproceedings{wubben_sentence_2012,
	address = {Jeju Island, Korea},
	title = {Sentence {Simplification} by {Monolingual} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1107},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 50th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({Volume} 1: {Long} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Wubben, Sander and van den Bosch, Antal and Krahmer, Emiel},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1015--1024},
}

@inproceedings{cohn_sentence_2008,
	address = {Manchester, UK},
	title = {Sentence {Compression} {Beyond} {Word} {Deletion}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1018},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd {International} {Conference} on {Computational} {Linguistics} ({Coling} 2008)},
	publisher = {Coling 2008 Organizing Committee},
	author = {Cohn, Trevor and Lapata, Mirella},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {137--144},
}

@inproceedings{dorr_hedge_2003,
	title = {Hedge {Trimmer}: {A} {Parse}-and-{Trim} {Approach} to {Headline} {Generation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W03-0501},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {HLT}-{NAACL} 03 {Text} {Summarization} {Workshop}},
	author = {Dorr, Bonnie and Zajic, David and Schwartz, Richard},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {1--8},
}

@inproceedings{kikuchi_controlling_2016,
	address = {Austin, Texas},
	title = {Controlling {Output} {Length} in {Neural} {Encoder}-{Decoders}},
	url = {http://aclweb.org/anthology/D16-1140},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/D16-1140},
	abstract = {Neural encoder-decoder models have shown great success in many sequence generation tasks. However, previous work has not investigated situations in which we would like to control the length of encoder-decoder outputs. This capability is crucial for applications such as text summarization, in which we have to generate concise summaries with a desired length. In this paper, we propose methods for controlling the output sequence length for neural encoder-decoder models: two decoding-based methods and two learning-based methods.1 Results show that our learning-based methods have the capability to control length without degrading summary quality in a summarization task.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2019-11-14},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural}           {Language} {Processing}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Kikuchi, Yuta and Neubig, Graham and Sasano, Ryohei and Takamura, Hiroya and Okumura, Manabu},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1328--1338},
}

@inproceedings{marchisio_controlling_2019,
	title = {Controlling the {Reading} {Level} of {Machine} {Translation} {Output}},
	volume = {1},
	abstract = {Today’s machine translation systems output the same translation for a given input, despite important differences between users. In practice, translations should be customized for each reader, for instance when translating for children versus in a business setting. In this paper, we introduce the task of reading level control to machine translation, and provide the ﬁrst results. Our methods can be used to raise or lower the reading level of output translations. In our ﬁrst approach, sourceside sentences in the training corpus are tagged based on the reading level (readability) of the matching target sentences. Our second approach alters the traditional encoder-decoder architecture by specifying a joint encoder and separate decoders for simple and complex decoding modes, with training data partitioned by reading level. We demonstrate control over output readability score on three test sets in the Spanish–English language direction.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of {MT} {Summit} {XVII}},
	author = {Marchisio, Kelly and Guo, Jialiang and Lai, Cheng-I and Koehn, Philipp},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {11},
}

@book{chall_readability_1995,
	title = {Readability revisited: the new {Dale}-{Chall} readability formula},
	isbn = {978-1-57129-008-3},
	url = {https://books.google.nl/books?id=2nbuAAAAMAAJ},
	publisher = {Brookline Books},
	author = {Chall, J.S. and Dale, E.},
	year = {1995},
	lccn = {95016034},
}

@article{xia_tied_2019,
	title = {Tied {Transformers}: {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} with {Shared} {Encoder} and {Decoder}},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {2374-3468, 2159-5399},
	shorttitle = {Tied {Transformers}},
	url = {https://aiide.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/view/4487},
	doi = {10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33015466},
	abstract = {Sharing source and target side vocabularies and word embeddings has been a popular practice in neural machine translation (brieﬂy, NMT) for similar languages (e.g., English to French or German translation). The success of such wordlevel sharing motivates us to move one step further: we consider model-level sharing and tie the whole parts of the encoder and decoder of an NMT model. We share the encoder and decoder of Transformer (Vaswani et al. 2017), the stateof-the-art NMT model, and obtain a compact model named Tied Transformer. Experimental results demonstrate that such a simple method works well for both similar and dissimilar language pairs. We empirically verify our framework for both supervised NMT and unsupervised NMT: we achieve a 35.52 BLEU score on IWSLT 2014 German to English translation, 28.98/29.89 BLEU scores on WMT 2014 English to German translation without/with monolingual data, and a 22.05 BLEU score on WMT 2016 unsupervised German to English translation.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2019-11-12},
	journal = {Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	author = {Xia, Yingce and He, Tianyu and Tan, Xu and Tian, Fei and He, Di and Qin, Tao},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {5466--5473},
}

@inproceedings{anastasopoulos_tied_2018,
	address = {New Orleans, Louisiana},
	title = {Tied {Multitask} {Learning} for {Neural} {Speech} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-1008},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/N18-1008},
	abstract = {We explore multitask models for neural translation of speech, augmenting them in order to reflect two intuitive notions. First, we introduce a model where the second task decoder receives information from the decoder of the first task, since higher-level intermediate representations should provide useful information. Second, we apply regularization that encourages transitivity and invertibility. We show that the application of these notions on jointly trained models improves performance on the tasks of low-resource speech transcription and translation. It also leads to better performance when using attention information for word discovery over unsegmented input.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies}, {Volume} 1 ({Long} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Anastasopoulos, Antonios and Chiang, David},
	month = jun,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {82--91},
}

@article{he_layer-wise_nodate,
	title = {Layer-{Wise} {Coordination} between {Encoder} and {Decoder} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	abstract = {Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has achieved remarkable progress with the quick evolvement of model structures. In this paper, we propose the concept of layer-wise coordination for NMT, which explicitly coordinates the learning of hidden representations of the encoder and decoder together layer by layer, gradually from low level to high level. Speciﬁcally, we design a layer-wise attention and mixed attention mechanism, and further share the parameters of each layer between the encoder and decoder to regularize and coordinate the learning. Experiments show that combined with the state-of-the-art Transformer model, layer-wise coordination achieves improvements on three IWSLT and two WMT translation tasks. More speciﬁcally, our method achieves 34.43 and 29.01 BLEU score on WMT16 English-Romanian and WMT14 English-German tasks, outperforming the Transformer baseline.},
	language = {en},
	author = {He, Tianyu and Tan, Xu and Xia, Yingce and He, Di and Qin, Tao and Chen, Zhibo and Liu, Tie-Yan},
	pages = {11},
}

@inproceedings{junczys-dowmunt_microsoft_2019,
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	title = {Microsoft {Translator} at {WMT} 2019: {Towards} {Large}-{Scale} {Document}-{Level} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-5321},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W19-5321},
	abstract = {This paper describes the Microsoft Translator submissions to the WMT19 news translation shared task for English-German. Our main focus is document-level neural machine translation with deep transformer models. We start with strong sentence-level baselines, trained on large-scale data created via data-filtering and noisy back-translation and find that back-translation seems to mainly help with translationese input. We explore fine-tuning techniques, deeper models and different ensembling strategies to counter these effects. Using document boundaries present in the authentic and synthetic parallel data, we create sequences of up to 1000 subword segments and train transformer translation models. We experiment with data augmentation techniques for the smaller authentic data with document-boundaries and for larger authentic data without boundaries. We further explore multi-task training for the incorporation of document-level source language monolingual data via the BERT-objective on the encoder and two-pass decoding for combinations of sentence-level and document-level systems. Based on preliminary human evaluation results, evaluators strongly prefer the document-level systems over our comparable sentence-level system. The document-level systems also seem to score higher than the human references in source-based direct assessment.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fourth} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation} ({Volume} 2: {Shared} {Task} {Papers}, {Day} 1)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Junczys-Dowmunt, Marcin},
	month = aug,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {225--233},
}

@inproceedings{lo_yisi_2019,
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	title = {{YiSi} - a {Unified} {Semantic} {MT} {Quality} {Evaluation} and {Estimation} {Metric} for {Languages} with {Different} {Levels} of {Available} {Resources}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-5358},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W19-5358},
	abstract = {We present YiSi, a unified automatic semantic machine translation quality evaluation and estimation metric for languages with different levels of available resources. Underneath the interface with different language resources settings, YiSi uses the same representation for the two sentences in assessment. Besides, we show significant improvement in the correlation of YiSi-1's scores with human judgment is made by using contextual embeddings in multilingual BERT–Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers to evaluate lexical semantic similarity. YiSi is open source and publicly available.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fourth} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation} ({Volume} 2: {Shared} {Task} {Papers}, {Day} 1)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Lo, Chi-kiu},
	month = aug,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {507--513},
}

@inproceedings{shimanaka_ruse:_2018,
	address = {Belgium, Brussels},
	title = {{RUSE}: {Regressor} {Using} {Sentence} {Embeddings} for {Automatic} {Machine} {Translation} {Evaluation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6456},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W18-6456},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Third} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}: {Shared} {Task} {Papers}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Shimanaka, Hiroki and Kajiwara, Tomoyuki and Komachi, Mamoru},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {751--758},
}

@inproceedings{mathur_putting_2019,
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	title = {Putting {Evaluation} in {Context}: {Contextual} {Embeddings} {Improve} {Machine} {Translation} {Evaluation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1269},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/P19-1269},
	abstract = {Accurate, automatic evaluation of machine translation is critical for system tuning, and evaluating progress in the field. We proposed a simple unsupervised metric, and additional supervised metrics which rely on contextual word embeddings to encode the translation and reference sentences. We find that these models rival or surpass all existing metrics in the WMT 2017 sentence-level and system-level tracks, and our trained model has a substantially higher correlation with human judgements than all existing metrics on the WMT 2017 to-English sentence level dataset.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 57th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Mathur, Nitika and Baldwin, Timothy and Cohn, Trevor},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {2799--2808},
}

@inproceedings{ma_results_2018,
	address = {Belgium, Brussels},
	title = {Results of the {WMT18} {Metrics} {Shared} {Task}: {Both} characters and embeddings achieve good performance},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6450},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W18-6450},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Third} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}: {Shared} {Task} {Papers}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Ma, Qingsong and Bojar, Ondřej and Graham, Yvette},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {671--688},
}

@inproceedings{ma_results_2019,
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	title = {Results of the {WMT19} {Metrics} {Shared} {Task}: {Segment}-{Level} and {Strong} {MT} {Systems} {Pose} {Big} {Challenges}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-5302},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W19-5302},
	abstract = {This paper presents the results of the WMT19 Metrics Shared Task. Participants were asked to score the outputs of the translations systems competing in the WMT19 News Translation Task with automatic metrics. 13 research groups submitted 24 metrics, 10 of which are reference-less “metrics” and constitute submissions to the joint task with WMT19 Quality Estimation Task, “QE as a Metric”. In addition, we computed 11 baseline metrics, with 8 commonly applied baselines (BLEU, SentBLEU, NIST, WER, PER, TER, CDER, and chrF) and 3 reimplementations (chrF+, sacreBLEU-BLEU, and sacreBLEU-chrF). Metrics were evaluated on the system level, how well a given metric correlates with the WMT19 official manual ranking, and segment level, how well the metric correlates with human judgements of segment quality. This year, we use direct assessment (DA) as our only form of manual evaluation.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fourth} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation} ({Volume} 2: {Shared} {Task} {Papers}, {Day} 1)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Ma, Qingsong and Wei, Johnny and Bojar, Ondřej and Graham, Yvette},
	month = aug,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {62--90},
}

@inproceedings{sennrich_controlling_2016,
	address = {San Diego, California, USA},
	title = {Controlling {Politeness} in {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} via {Side} {Constraints}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N16-1005.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2012 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies} ({NAACL}-{HLT} 2016)},
	author = {Sennrich, Rico and Birch, Alexandra and Haddow, Barry},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {35--40},
}

@inproceedings{ha_toward_2016,
	address = {Seattle, USA},
	title = {Toward {Multilingual} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} with {Universal} {Encoder} and {Decoder}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.04798},
	abstract = {In this paper, we present our first attempts in building a multilingual Neural Machine Translation framework under a unified approach. We are then able to employ attention-based NMT for many-to-many multilingual translation tasks. Our approach does not require any special treatment on the network architecture and it allows us to learn minimal number of free parameters in a standard way of training. Our approach has shown its effectiveness in an under-resourced translation scenario with considerable improvements up to 2.6 BLEU points. In addition, the approach has achieved interesting and promising results when applied in the translation task that there is no direct parallel corpus between source and target languages.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2016)},
	author = {Ha, Thanh Le and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2016},
}

@article{agrawal_controlling_2019,
	title = {Controlling {Text} {Complexity} in {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00835},
	abstract = {This work introduces a machine translation task where the output is aimed at audiences of different levels of target language proficiency. We collect a high quality dataset of news articles available in English and Spanish, written for diverse grade levels and propose a method to align segments across comparable bilingual articles. The resulting dataset makes it possible to train multi-task sequence-to-sequence models that translate Spanish into English targeted at an easier reading grade level than the original Spanish. We show that these multi-task models outperform pipeline approaches that translate and simplify text independently.},
	urldate = {2019-11-05},
	journal = {arXiv:1911.00835 [cs]},
	author = {Agrawal, Sweta and Carpuat, Marine},
	month = nov,
	year = {2019},
	note = {arXiv: 1911.00835},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language},
}

@misc{noauthor_[1911.00835]_nodate,
	title = {[1911.00835] {Controlling} {Text} {Complexity} in {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00835},
	urldate = {2019-11-05},
}

@inproceedings{pham_iwslt_2019,
	title = {The {IWSLT} 2019 {KIT} {Speech} {Translation} {System}},
	url = {https://zenodo.org/record/3525564#.Xb_kAdXTWUk},
	abstract = {This paper describes KIT’s submission to the IWSLT 2019 Speech Translation task on two sub-tasks corresponding to two different datasets. We investigate different end-to-end architectures for the speech recognition module, including our new transformer-based architectures. Overall, our modules in the pipe-line are based on the transformer architecture which has recently achieved great results in various fields. In our systems, using transformer is also advantageous compared to traditional hybrid systems in term of simplicity while still having competent results.},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2019-11-04},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2019)},
	author = {Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Nguyen, Thai-Son and Ha, Thanh-Le and Hussain, Juan and Schneider, Felix and Niehues, Jan and Stüker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alexander},
	month = nov,
	year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_iwslt_2019,
	title = {The {IWSLT} 2019 {Evaluation} {Campaign}},
	url = {https://zenodo.org/record/3525578#.Xb_jltXTWUl},
	abstract = {The IWSLT 2019 evaluation campaign featured three tasks: speech translation of (i) TED talks and (ii) How2 instructional videos from English into German and Portuguese, and (iii) text translation of TED talks from English into Czech. For the first two tasks we encouraged submissions of end- to-end speech-to-text systems, and for the second task participants could also use the video as additional input. We received submissions by 12 research teams. This overview provides detailed descriptions of the data and evaluation conditions of each task and reports results of the participating systems.},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2019-11-04},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2019)},
	author = {Niehues, J. and Cattoni, R. and Stüker, S. and Negri, M. and Turchi, M. and Salesky, E. and Sanabria, R. and Barrault, L. and Specia, L. and Federico, M.},
	year = {2019},
}

@misc{noauthor_[1908.07226]_nodate,
	title = {[1908.07226] {Prosodic} {Phrase} {Alignment} for {Machine} {Dubbing}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.07226},
	urldate = {2019-11-01},
}

@inproceedings{graves_connectionist_2006,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	series = {{ICML} '06},
	title = {Connectionist {Temporal} {Classification}: {Labelling} {Unsegmented} {Sequence} {Data} with {Recurrent} {Neural} {Networks}},
	isbn = {1-59593-383-2},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1143844.1143891},
	doi = {10.1145/1143844.1143891},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd {International} {Conference} on {Machine} {Learning}},
	publisher = {ACM},
	author = {Graves, Alex and Fernández, Santiago and Gomez, Faustino and Schmidhuber, Jürgen},
	year = {2006},
	note = {event-place: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA},
	pages = {369--376},
}

@inproceedings{povey_kaldi_2011,
	title = {The {Kaldi} {Speech} {Recognition} {Toolkit}},
	booktitle = {{IEEE} 2011 {Workshop} on {Automatic} {Speech} {Recognition} and {Understanding}},
	publisher = {IEEE Signal Processing Society},
	author = {Povey, Daniel and Ghoshal, Arnab and Boulianne, Gilles and Burget, Lukas and Glembek, Ondrej and Goel, Nagendra and Hannemann, Mirko and Motlicek, Petr and Qian, Yanmin and Schwarz, Petr and Silovsky, Jan and Stemmer, Georg and Vesely, Karel},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	note = {event-place: Hilton Waikoloa Village, Big Island, Hawaii, US},
	keywords = {ASR, Automatic Speech Recognition, GMM, HTK, SGMM},
}

@incollection{guzman_word_2011,
	series = {Springer {Science} \& {Business} {Media}},
	title = {Word {Alignment} {Revisited}},
	url = {https://guzmanhe.github.io/papers//papers/GALEBOOK2011-Guzman.html},
	booktitle = {Handbook of {Natural} {Language} {Processing} and {Machine} {Translation}: {DARPA} global autonomous language exploitation},
	publisher = {Joseph Olive, Caitlin Christianson, and John McCary},
	author = {Guzmán, Francisco and Gao, Qin and Niehues, Jan and Vogel, Stephan},
	year = {2011},
}

@inproceedings{sperber_self-attentional_2018,
	address = {Hyderabad, India},
	title = {Self-{Attentional} {Acoustic} {Models}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.09519.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2018)},
	author = {Sperber, Matthias and Niehues, Jan and Neubig, Graham and Stüker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{jan_iwslt_2018,
	title = {The {IWSLT} 2018 {Evaluation} {Campaign}},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bb89/b37f3019c0a0d2a19ac48d4e54a0863d2c9c.pdf?_ga=2.246534278.327954757.1571650071-641267496.1570103523&_gac=1.153276044.1571662780.EAIaIQobChMIyZybi7St5QIVB893Ch35IQFPEAAYASAAEgIkPfD_BwE},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2018)},
	author = {Jan, Niehues and Cattoni, Ronaldo and Sebastian, Stüker and Cettolo, Mauro and Turchi, Marco and Federico, Marcello},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_low-latency_2018,
	address = {Hyderabad, India},
	title = {Low-{Latency} {Neural} {Speech} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/Interspeech_2018/pdfs/1055.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2018)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Ha, Thanh-Le and Sperber, Matthias and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{sperber_neural_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
	title = {Neural {Lattice}-to-{Sequence} {Models} for {Uncertain} {Inputs}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1145},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/D17-1145},
	abstract = {The input to a neural sequence-to-sequence model is often determined by an up-stream system, e.g. a word segmenter, part of speech tagger, or speech recognizer. These up-stream models are potentially error-prone. Representing inputs through word lattices allows making this uncertainty explicit by capturing alternative sequences and their posterior probabilities in a compact form. In this work, we extend the TreeLSTM (Tai et al., 2015) into a LatticeLSTM that is able to consume word lattices, and can be used as encoder in an attentional encoder-decoder model. We integrate lattice posterior scores into this architecture by extending the TreeLSTM's child-sum and forget gates and introducing a bias term into the attention mechanism. We experiment with speech translation lattices and report consistent improvements over baselines that translate either the 1-best hypothesis or the lattice without posterior scores.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Sperber, Matthias and Neubig, Graham and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1380--1389},
}

@inproceedings{pham_karlsruhe_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
	title = {The {Karlsruhe} {Institute} of {Technology} {Systems} for the {News} {Translation} {Task} in {WMT} 2017},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-4736},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W17-4736},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Niehues, Jan and Ha, Thanh-Le and Cho, Eunah and Sperber, Matthias and Waibel, Alexander},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {366--373},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_exploiting_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
	title = {Exploiting {Linguistic} {Resources} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} {Using} {Multi}-task {Learning}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-4708},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W17-4708},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Cho, Eunah},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {80--89},
}

@inproceedings{cho_nmt-based_2017,
	address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
	title = {{NMT}-based {Segmentation} and {Punctuation} {Insertion} for {Real}-time {Spoken} {Language} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/Interspeech_2017/pdfs/1320.PDF},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2017)},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{cettolo_overview_2017,
	address = {Tokio, Japan},
	title = {Overview of the {IWSLT} 2017 {Evaluation} {Campaign}},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cb0a/b255c4079e2082ba6e3a807529527d96687c.pdf?_ga=2.15504308.327954757.1571650071-641267496.1570103523&_gac=1.7155590.1571662780.EAIaIQobChMIyZybi7St5QIVB893Ch35IQFPEAAYASAAEgIkPfD_BwE},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2017)},
	author = {Cettolo, Mauro and Federico, Marcello and Bentivoldi, Luisa and Niehues, Jan and Stüker, Sebastian and Sudoh, Katsuhito and Yoshino, Koichiro and Federmann, Christian},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{peter_qt21_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
	title = {The {QT21} {Combined} {Machine} {Translation} {System} for {English} to {Latvian}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-4734},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W17-4734},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Peter, Jan-Thorsten and Ney, Hermann and Bojar, Ondřej and Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex and Burlot, Franck and Yvon, François and Pinnis, Mārcis and Šics, Valters and Bastings, Joost and Rios, Miguel and Aziz, Wilker and Williams, Philip and Blain, Frédéric and Specia, Lucia},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {348--357},
}

@inproceedings{peter_qt21/himl_2016,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {The {QT21}/{HimL} {Combined} {Machine} {Translation} {System}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2320},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W16-2320},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {First} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}: {Volume} 2, {Shared} {Task} {Papers}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Peter, Jan-Thorsten and Alkhouli, Tamer and Ney, Hermann and Huck, Matthias and Braune, Fabienne and Fraser, Alexander and Tamchyna, Aleš and Bojar, Ondřej and Haddow, Barry and Sennrich, Rico and Blain, Frédéric and Specia, Lucia and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex and Allauzen, Alexandre and Aufrant, Lauriane and Burlot, Franck and Knyazeva, Elena and Lavergne, Thomas and Yvon, François and Pinnis, Mārcis and Frank, Stella},
	month = aug,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {344--355},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_using_2016,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {Using {Factored} {Word} {Representation} in {Neural} {Network} {Language} {Models}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2208},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W16-2208},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {First} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}: {Volume} 1, {Research} {Papers}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Ha, Thanh-Le and Cho, Eunah and Waibel, Alex},
	month = aug,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {74--82},
}

@inproceedings{ha_karlsruhe_2016,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {The {Karlsruhe} {Institute} of {Technology} {Systems} for the {News} {Translation} {Task} in {WMT} 2016},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2314},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W16-2314},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {First} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}: {Volume} 2, {Shared} {Task} {Papers}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Ha, Thanh-Le and Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Mediani, Mohammed and Sperber, Matthias and Allauzen, Alexandre and Waibel, Alexander},
	month = aug,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {303--310},
}

@inproceedings{cho_multilingual_2016,
	address = {Seattle, USA},
	title = {Multilingual {Disfluency} {Removal} using {NMT}},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7e3a/88a01ba9ffc3d7e55d8823f9e66065423228.pdf?_ga=2.216060692.327954757.1571650071-641267496.1570103523&_gac=1.37039124.1571662780.EAIaIQobChMIyZybi7St5QIVB893Ch35IQFPEAAYASAAEgIkPfD_BwE},
	doi = {Cho2016},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2016)},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{cettolo_iwslt_2016,
	address = {Seattle, USA},
	title = {The {IWSLT} 2016 {Evaluation} {Campaign}},
	url = {https://workshop2016.iwslt.org/downloads/IWSLT_2016_evaluation_overview.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2016)},
	author = {Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and Stüker, Sebastian and Bentivoldi, Luisa and Cattoni, Roberto and Federico, Marcello},
	year = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_modeling_2019,
	address = {Tokio, Japan},
	title = {Modeling {Confidence} in {Sequence}-to-{Sequence} {Models}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.01859.pdf},
	booktitle = {Processings of the 12th {International} {Conference} on {Natural} {Language} {Generation} ({INLG} 2019)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Pham, Ngoc-Quan},
	year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{andonov_using_2016,
	address = {Paderborn, Germany},
	title = {Using {Tweets} as {Ice}-{Breaking} {Sentences} in a {Social} {Dialog} {System}},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/cmu-kit/downloads/ITG_2016_Using%20Tweets%20as%20Ice-Breaking%20Sentences%20in%20a%20Social%20Dialog%20System.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th {ITG} {Conference} on {Speech} {Communication}},
	author = {Andonov, Andre and Schmidt, Maria and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2016},
}

@article{schmidt_towards_2017,
	title = {Towards an open-domain social dialog system},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/pdf/Schmidt2016.pdf},
	journal = {Dialogues with Social Robots},
	author = {Schmidt, Maria and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {271--278},
}

@inproceedings{herrman_source_2015,
	address = {Da Nang, Vietnam},
	title = {Source {Discriminative} {Word} {Lexicon} for {Translation} {Disambiguation}},
	url = {http://workshop2015.iwslt.org/downloads/IWSLT_2015_RP_11.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Twelfth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2015)},
	author = {Herrman, Teresa and Niehues, Jan and A, Waibel},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{ha_kit_2015,
	address = {Da Nang, Vietnam},
	title = {The {KIT} {Translation} {Systems} for {IWSLT} 2015},
	url = {http://workshop2015.iwslt.org/downloads/IWSLT_2015_EP_17.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Twelfth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2015)},
	author = {Ha, Thanh-Le and Niehues, Jan and Cho, Eunah and Mediani, Mohammed and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{ha_kit-limsi_2015,
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	title = {The {KIT}-{LIMSI} {Translation} {System} for {WMT} 2015},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-3012},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W15-3012},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Tenth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Ha, Thanh-Le and Do, Quoc-Khanh and Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Allauzen, Alexandre and Yvon, François and Waibel, Alex},
	month = sep,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {120--125},
}

@inproceedings{cho_karlsruhe_2015,
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	title = {The {Karlsruhe} {Institute} of {Technology} {Translation} {Systems} for the {WMT} 2015},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-3008},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W15-3008},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Tenth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Ha, Thanh-Le and Niehues, Jan and Herrmann, Teresa and Mediani, Mohammed and Zhang, Yuqi and Waibel, Alex},
	month = sep,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {92--97},
}

@inproceedings{cettolo_iwslt_2015,
	address = {Da Nang, Vietnam},
	title = {The {IWSLT} 2015 {Evaluation} {Campaign}},
	url = {http://workshop2015.iwslt.org/downloads/IWSLT_2015_EP_0.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Twelfth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2015)},
	author = {Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and Stüker, Sebastian and Bentivoldi, Luisa and Cattoni, Roberto and Federico, Marcello},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{slawik_stripping_2015,
	address = {Antalya, Turkey},
	title = {Stripping {Adjectives}: {Integration} {Techniques} for {Selective} {Stemming} in {SMT} {Systems}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4917.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {European} {Association} for {Machine} {Translation} ({EAMT} 2015)},
	author = {Slawik, Isabel and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{slawik_kit_2014,
	address = {Lake Tahoe, USA},
	title = {The {KIT} {Translation} {Systems} for {IWSLT} 2014},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/cmu-kit/downloads/The_KIT_Translation_Systems_for_IWSLT2014.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2014)},
	author = {Slawik, Isabel and Mediani, Mohammed and Niehues, Jan and Zhang, Yuqi and Cho, Eunah and Herrman, Teresa and Ha, Thanh-Le and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2014},
}

@inproceedings{herrman_manual_2014,
	address = {Reykjavík, Island},
	title = {Manual {Analysis} of {Structurally} {Informed} {Reordering} in {German}-{English} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2014/pdf/569_Paper.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Ninth} {International} {Conference} on {Language} {Resources} and {Evaluation} ({LREC} 2014)},
	author = {Herrman, Teresa and Niehues, Jan and A, Waibel},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {4379--4386},
}

@inproceedings{do_kit-limsi_2014,
	address = {Baltimore, Maryland, USA},
	title = {The {KIT}-{LIMSI} {Translation} {System} for {WMT} 2014},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W14-3307},
	doi = {10.3115/v1/W14-3307},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Ninth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Do, Quoc Khanh and Herrmann, Teresa and Niehues, Jan and Allauzen, Alexander and Yvon, François and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {84--89},
}

@inproceedings{cho_machine_2014,
	address = {Lake Tahoe, USA},
	title = {Machine translation of multi-party meetings: {Segmentation} and disfluency removal strategies},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/200e/75aa79e358d40f8f397652fad68f22ca6e35.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2014)},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2014},
}

@inproceedings{cettolo_report_2014,
	address = {Lake Tahoe, USA},
	title = {Report on the 11th {IWSLT} evaluation campaign, {IWSLT} 2014},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/81aa/ce0e90c6a962059b117c24db0d856f340f41.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2014)},
	author = {Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and Stüker, Sebastian and Bentivoldi, Luisa and Federico, Marcello},
	year = {2014},
}

@inproceedings{cettolo_report_2013,
	address = {Heidelberg, Germany},
	title = {Report on the 10th {IWSLT} evaluation campaign},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/acc8/a3fc8c63f47c9f2a1525251e13b64f229187.pdf?_ga=2.14913716.327954757.1571650071-641267496.1570103523},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Tenth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2013)},
	author = {Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and Stüker, Sebastian and Bentivoldi, Luisa and Federico, Marcello},
	year = {2013},
}

@inproceedings{parry_analysis_2019,
	title = {Analysis of {Deep} {Learning} {Architectures} for {Cross}-{Corpus} {Speech} {Emotion} {Recognition}},
	url = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/Interspeech_2019/abstracts/2753.html},
	doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2019-2753},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2019-10-18},
	booktitle = {Interspeech 2019},
	publisher = {ISCA},
	author = {Parry, Jack and Palaz, Dimitri and Clarke, Georgia and Lecomte, Pauline and Mead, Rebecca and Berger, Michael and Hofer, Gregor},
	month = sep,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1656--1660},
}

@inproceedings{trigeorgis_adieu_2016,
	title = {Adieu features? {End}-to-end speech emotion recognition using a deep convolutional recurrent network},
	shorttitle = {Adieu features?},
	doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2016.7472669},
	author = {Trigeorgis, George and Ringeval, Fabien and Brueckner, Raymond and Marchi, Erik and Nicolaou, Mihalis and Schuller, Björn and Zafeiriou, Stefanos},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {5200--5204},
}

@article{eyben_geneva_2015,
	title = {The {Geneva} {Minimalistic} {Acoustic} {Parameter} {Set} ({GeMAPS}) for {Voice} {Research} and {Affective} {Computing}},
	volume = {7},
	doi = {10.1109/TAFFC.2015.2457417},
	abstract = {Work on voice sciences over recent decades has led to a proliferation of acoustic parameters that are used quite selectively and are not always extracted in a similar fashion. With many independent teams working in different research areas, shared standards become an essential safeguard to ensure compliance with state-of-the-art methods allowing appropriate comparison of results across studies and potential integration and combination of extraction and recognition systems. In this paper we propose a basic standard acoustic parameter set for various areas of automatic voice analysis, such as paralinguistic or clinical speech analysis. In contrast to a large brute-force parameter set, we present a minimalistic set of voice parameters here. These were selected based on a) their potential to index affective physiological changes in voice production, b) their proven value in former studies as well as their automatic extractability, and c) their theoretical significance. The set is intended to provide a common baseline for evaluation of future research and eliminate differences caused by varying parameter sets or even different implementations of the same parameters. Our implementation is publicly available with the openSMILE toolkit. Comparative evaluations of the proposed feature set and large baseline feature sets of INTERSPEECH challenges show a high performance of the proposed set in relation to its size.},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing},
	author = {Eyben, Florian and Scherer, Klaus and Schuller, Björn and Sundberg, Johan and Andre, Elisabeth and Busso, Carlos and Devillers, Laurence and Epps, Julien and Laukka, Petri and Narayanan, Shrikanth and Truong, Khiet},
	month = jan,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {1--1},
}

@inproceedings{cho_segmentation_2012,
	address = {Hong Kong},
	title = {Segmentation and punctuation prediction in speech language translation using a monolingual translation system},
	url = {https://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/pdf/Cho2012.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Ninth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2012)},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {252--259},
}

@inproceedings{freitag_joint_2012,
	address = {Montréal, Canada},
	title = {Joint {WMT} 2012 {Submission} of the {QUAERO} {Project}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W12-3140},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Seventh} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Freitag, Markus and Peitz, Stephan and Huck, Matthias and Ney, Hermann and Niehues, Jan and Herrmann, Teresa and Waibel, Alex and Le, Hai-son and Lavergne, Thomas and Allauzen, Alexandre and Buschbeck, Bianka and Crego, Josep Maria and Senellart, Jean},
	month = jun,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {322--329},
}

@inproceedings{boudahmane_advances_2011,
	title = {Advances on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} in the {Quaero} {Program}},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6355/5cd254368aafa9fb2b3942654ea864d47d91.pdf?_ga=2.118333449.1882139118.1571310689-641267496.1570103523},
	author = {Boudahmane, Karim and Buschbeck, Bianka and Cho, Eunah and Crego, Josep and Freitag, Markus and Lavergne, Thomas and Ney, Hermann and Niehues, Jan and Peitz, Stephan and Senellart, Jean and Sokolov, Artem and Waibel, Alex and Wandmacher, Tonio and Wuebker, Joern and Yvon, François},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {114--120},
}

@inproceedings{herrmann_karlsruhe_2011,
	address = {Edinburgh, UK},
	title = {The {Karlsruhe} {Institute} of {Technology} {Translation} {Systems} for the {WMT} 2011},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W11-2145.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Sixth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2011)},
	author = {Herrmann, Teresa and Mediani, Mohameed and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {379--385},
}

@inproceedings{freitag_joint_2011,
	address = {Edinburgh, Scotland},
	title = {Joint {WMT} {Submission} of the {QUAERO} {Project}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W11-2142},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Sixth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Freitag, Markus and Leusch, Gregor and Wuebker, Joern and Peitz, Stephan and Ney, Hermann and Herrmann, Teresa and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex and Allauzen, Alexandre and Adda, Gilles and Crego, Josep Maria and Buschbeck, Bianka and Wandmacher, Tonio and Senellart, Jean},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {358--364},
}

@inproceedings{mediani_kit_2011,
	address = {San Francisco, USA},
	title = {The {KIT} {English}-{French} translation systems for {IWSLT} 2011},
	url = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/iwslt_11/papers/sltb_073.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eights} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2011)},
	author = {Mediani, Mohammed and Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Herrmann, Teresa and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2011},
}

@incollection{stuker_quaero_2011,
	title = {Quaero {Speech}-to-{Text} and {Text} {Translation} {Evaluation} {Systems}},
	isbn = {978-3-642-15748-6},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/cmu-kit/downloads/Quaero_Speech-to-Text_and_Text_Translation_Evaluation_Systems.pdf},
	abstract = {Our laboratory has used the HP XC4000, the high performance computer of the federal state Baden-Wnrttemberg, in order to participate in the second Quaero evaluation for automatic speech recognition (ASR) and Machine Translation (MT). State-of-the-art automatic speech recognition and machine translation systems train use stochastic models which are trained on large amounts of training data using techniques from the field of machine learning. Using these techniques the systems search for the most likely speech recognition hypothesis, translation hypothesis respectively.The 2009 evaluation systems are further developments of the 2008 evaluation systems which incorporate more training data and updated models. The speech recognition and machine translation models were, at leas in part, trained on the XC4000 high performance cluster. The speech recognition evaluation itself was also mainly executed on the XC4000.In this paper we report on the newly developed system and how we utilized the XC4000 in order to train their models and to run the actual evaluation.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {High {Performance} {Computing} in {Science} and {Engineering} '10},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	author = {Stüker, Sebastian and Kilgour, Kevin and Niehues, Jan},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Acoustic Model, Automatic Speech Recognition, Automatic Speech Recognition System, Machine Translation, Statistical Machine Translation},
	pages = {529--542},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_kit_2010,
	address = {Paris, France},
	title = {The {KIT} {Translation} system for {IWSLT} 2010},
	url = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/iwslt_10/papers/slta_093.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Seventh} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2010)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Mediani, Mohammed and Herrmann, Teresa and Heck, Michael and Herff, Christian and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {93--98},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_karlsruhe_2010,
	address = {Uppsala, Sweden},
	title = {The {Karlsruhe} {Institute} for {Technology} {Translation} {System} for the {ACL}-{WMT} 2010},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W10-1719.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fifth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} and {MetricsMATR} ({WMT} 2010)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Herrmann, Teresa and Mediani, Mohammed and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {138--142},
}

@inproceedings{wolfel_simultaneous_2008,
	address = {Goa, India},
	title = {Simultaneous {Machine} {Translation} of {German} lectures into {English}: {Investigating} research challenges for the future},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/cmu-kit/860_SLT2008_wolfel.pdf},
	booktitle = {Spoken {Language} {Technology} {Workshop}, 2008. {SLT} 2008. {IEEE}},
	author = {Wölfel, Matthias and Kolss, Muntsin and Kraft, Florian and Niehues, Jan and Paulik, Matthias and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {233--236},
}

@inproceedings{kolss_simultaneous_2008,
	address = {Waikiki, USA},
	title = {Simultaneous {German}-{English} lecture translation},
	url = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/iwslt_08/papers/slt8_174.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fifth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2008)},
	author = {Kolss, Muntsin and Wölfel, Matthias and Kraft, Florian and Niehues, Jan and Paulik, Matthias and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2008},
}

@misc{noauthor_iwslt_nodate,
	title = {{IWSLT} 2008 {Abstract}: {Kolss} et al.},
	url = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/iwslt_08/slt8_174.html},
	urldate = {2019-10-17},
}

@article{mediani_parallel_2012,
	title = {Parallel {Phrase} {Scoring} for {Extra}-large {Corpora}},
	volume = {98},
	url = {http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/pbml/98/art-mediani-niehues-waibel.pdf},
	journal = {The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics},
	author = {Mediani, Mohammed and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {87},
}

@article{sperber_transcribing_2017,
	title = {Transcribing against time},
	volume = {93},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.05227.pdf},
	journal = {Speech Communication},
	author = {Sperber, Matthias and Neubig, Graham and Niehues, Jan and Nakamura, Satoshi and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {20--30},
}

@article{pecheux_reordering_2016,
	title = {Reordering space design in statistical machine translation},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10579-016-9353-8.pdf},
	journal = {Language Resources and Evaluation},
	author = {Pécheux, Nicolas and Niehues, Jan and Yvon, François and Allauzen, Alexandre},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1--36},
}

@misc{noauthor_dblp:_nodate,
	title = {dblp: record journals/lre/{PecheuxANY16}},
	url = {https://dblp.org/rec/html/journals/lre/PecheuxANY16},
	urldate = {2019-10-16},
}

@article{zenkel_open_2018,
	title = {Open {Source} {Toolkit} for {Speech} to {Text} {Translation}},
	volume = {111},
	url = {https://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/pbml/111/art-zenkel-et-al.pdf},
	doi = {10.2478/pralin-2018-0011},
	journal = {The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics},
	author = {Zenkel, Thomas and Sperber, Matthias and Niehues, Jan and Müller, Markus and Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {125--135},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_using_2011,
	title = {Using {Wikipedia} to translate domain-specific terms in {SMT}},
	url = {http://www.mt-archive.info/IWSLT-2011-Niehues.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2011)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {230--237},
}

@inproceedings{paulik_isl_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {The {ISL} {Phrase}-{Based} {MT} {System} for the 2007 {ACL} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W07-0727.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2007)},
	author = {Paulik, Matthias and Rottmann, Kay and Niehues, Jan and Hildebrand, Silja and Vogel, Stephan},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {197--202},
}

@inproceedings{constantin_incremental_2019,
	address = {Hong Kong},
	title = {Incremental processing of noisy user utterances in the spoken language understanding task},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.13790},
	abstract = {The state-of-the-art neural network architectures make it possible to create spoken language understanding systems with high quality and fast processing time. One major challenge for real-world applications is the high latency of these systems caused by triggered actions with high executions times. If an action can be separated into subactions, the reaction time of the systems can be improved through incremental processing of the user utterance and starting subactions while the utterance is still being uttered. In this work, we present a model-agnostic method to achieve high quality in processing incrementally produced partial utterances. Based on clean and noisy versions of the ATIS dataset, we show how to create datasets with our method to create low-latency natural language understanding components. We get improvements of up to 47.91 absolute percentage points in the metric F1-score.},
	urldate = {2019-10-13},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th {Workshop} on {Noisy} {User}-generated {Text} ({W}-{NUT})},
	author = {Constantin, Stefan and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2019},
	note = {arXiv: 1909.13790},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Sound, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing},
}

@inproceedings{salesky_towards_2018,
	address = {Athens, Greece},
	title = {Towards {Fluent} {Translations} from {Disfluent} {Speech}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.03189.pdf},
	abstract = {When translating from speech, special consideration for conversational speech phenomena such as disfluencies is necessary. Most machine translation training data consists of well-formed written texts, causing issues when translating spontaneous speech. Previous work has introduced an intermediate step between speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) to remove disfluencies, making the data better-matched to typical translation text and significantly improving performance. However, with the rise of end-to-end speech translation systems, this intermediate step must be incorporated into the sequence-to-sequence architecture. Further, though translated speech datasets exist, they are typically news or rehearsed speech without many disfluencies (e.g. TED), or the disfluencies are translated into the references (e.g. Fisher). To generate clean translations from disfluent speech, cleaned references are necessary for evaluation. We introduce a corpus of cleaned target data for the Fisher Spanish-English dataset for this task. We compare how different architectures handle disfluencies and provide a baseline for removing disfluencies in end-to-end translation.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the  {IEEE} {Spoken} {Language} {Technology} ({SLT}) conference},
	author = {Salesky, Elizabeth and Burger, Susanne and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
}

@article{adams_massively_2019,
	title = {Massively {Multilingual} {Adversarial} {Speech} {Recognition}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02210},
	abstract = {We report on adaptation of multilingual end-to-end speech recognition models trained on as many as 100 languages. Our findings shed light on the relative importance of similarity between the target and pretraining languages along the dimensions of phonetics, phonology, language family, geographical location, and orthography. In this context, experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of two additional pretraining objectives in encouraging language-independent encoder representations: a context-independent phoneme objective paired with a language-adversarial classification objective.},
	urldate = {2019-10-10},
	journal = {arXiv:1904.02210 [cs]},
	author = {Adams, Oliver and Wiesner, Matthew and Watanabe, Shinji and Yarowsky, David},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
	note = {arXiv: 1904.02210},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_universitat_2009,
	address = {Athens, Greece},
	title = {The {Universität} {Karlsruhe} {Translation} {System} for the {EACL}-{WMT} 2009},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-0413.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fourth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2009)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Herrman, Teresa and Kolss, Muntsin and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {80--84},
}

@inproceedings{cho_tight_2014,
	address = {Gothenburg, Sweden},
	title = {Tight {Integration} of {Speech} {Disfluency} {Removal} into {SMT}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E14-4009.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th {Conference} of the {European} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({EACL} 2014)},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {43--47},
}

@inproceedings{pham_towards_2018,
	address = {Melbourne, Australia},
	title = {Towards one-shot learning for rare-word translation with external experts},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-2712.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Workshop} on {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	author = {Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_listnet-based_2015,
	address = {Lisboa, Portugal},
	title = {{ListNet}-based {MT} {Rescoring}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-3030.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Tenth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2015)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Do, Quoc Khanh and Allauzen, Alexandre and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {248},
}

@inproceedings{pecheux_limsi_2014,
	address = {Baltimore, USA},
	title = {{LIMSI}@ {WMT14} {Medical} {Translation} {Task}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W14-3330.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Nineth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2014)},
	author = {Pécheux, N and Gong, Li and Do, Quoc Khanh and Marie, Benjamin and Ivanishcheva, Yulia and Allauzen, Alexandre and Lavergne, Thomas and Niehues, Jan and Max, Aurelien and Yvon, François},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {246},
}

@inproceedings{sperber_lightly_2016,
	address = {Osaka, Japan},
	title = {Lightly {Supervised} {Quality} {Estimation}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C16-1292.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26rd {International} {Conference} on {Computational} {Linguistics} ({COLING} 2016)},
	author = {Sperber, Matthias and Neubig, Graham and Niehues, Jan and Stüker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {3103--3113},
}

@inproceedings{ha_lexical_2014,
	address = {Lake Tahoe, USA},
	title = {Lexical {Translation} {Model} {Using} {A} {Deep} {Neural} {Network} {Architecture}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1504.07395.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2014)},
	author = {Ha, Thanh-Le and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2014},
}

@inproceedings{sperr_letter_2013,
	address = {Sofia, Bulgaria},
	title = {Letter n-gram-based input encoding for {Continuous} {Space} {Language} {Models}},
	url = {https://wing.comp.nus.edu.sg/~antho/W/W13/W13-3204.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st {Workshop} on {Continuous} {Vector} {Space} {Models} and their {Compositionality}},
	author = {Sperr, Henning and Niehues, Jan and A, Waibel},
	year = {2013},
}

@inproceedings{muller_lecture_2016,
	address = {San Diego, California, USA},
	title = {Lecture {Translator} {Speech} translation framework for simultaneous lecture translation},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N16-3017.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2012 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies} ({NAACL}-{HLT} 2016)},
	author = {Müller, Markus and Nguyen, Thai-Son and Niehues, Jan and Cho, Eunah and Krüger, Bastian and Ha, Thanh-Le and Kilgour, Kevin and Sperber, Matthias and Mediani, Mohammed and Stüker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {82},
}

@inproceedings{ha_kit-multi:_2018,
	address = {Miyazaki, Japan},
	title = {{KIT}-{Multi}: {A} {Translation}-{Oriented} {Multilingual} {Embedding} {Corpus}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/L18-1616.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {International} {Conference} on {Language} {Resources} and {Evaluation} ({LREC} 2018)},
	author = {Ha, Thanh-Le and Niehues, Jan and Sperber, Matthias and Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
}

@article{zenkel_adding_2019,
	title = {Adding {Interpretable} {Attention} to {Neural} {Translation} {Models} {Improves} {Word} {Alignment}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.11359},
	abstract = {Multi-layer models with multiple attention heads per layer provide superior translation quality compared to simpler and shallower models, but determining what source context is most relevant to each target word is more challenging as a result. Therefore, deriving high-accuracy word alignments from the activations of a state-of-the-art neural machine translation model is an open challenge. We propose a simple model extension to the Transformer architecture that makes use of its hidden representations and is restricted to attend solely on encoder information to predict the next word. It can be trained on bilingual data without word-alignment information. We further introduce a novel alignment inference procedure which applies stochastic gradient descent to directly optimize the attention activations towards a given target word. The resulting alignments dramatically outperform the naive approach to interpreting Transformer attention activations, and are comparable to Giza++ on two publicly available data sets.},
	urldate = {2019-10-04},
	journal = {arXiv:1901.11359 [cs]},
	author = {Zenkel, Thomas and Wuebker, Joern and DeNero, John},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	note = {arXiv: 1901.11359},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language},
}

@article{garg_jointly_2019,
	title = {Jointly {Learning} to {Align} and {Translate} with {Transformer} {Models}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.02074},
	abstract = {The state of the art in machine translation (MT) is governed by neural approaches, which typically provide superior translation accuracy over statistical approaches. However, on the closely related task of word alignment, traditional statistical word alignment models often remain the go-to solution. In this paper, we present an approach to train a Transformer model to produce both accurate translations and alignments. We extract discrete alignments from the attention probabilities learnt during regular neural machine translation model training and leverage them in a multi-task framework to optimize towards translation and alignment objectives. We demonstrate that our approach produces competitive results compared to GIZA++ trained IBM alignment models without sacrificing translation accuracy and outperforms previous attempts on Transformer model based word alignment. Finally, by incorporating IBM model alignments into our multi-task training, we report significantly better alignment accuracies compared to GIZA++ on three publicly available data sets.},
	urldate = {2019-10-04},
	journal = {arXiv:1909.02074 [cs]},
	author = {Garg, Sarthak and Peitz, Stephan and Nallasamy, Udhyakumar and Paulik, Matthias},
	month = sep,
	year = {2019},
	note = {arXiv: 1909.02074},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language},
}

@inproceedings{dessloch_kit_2018,
	title = {{KIT} {Lecture} {Translator}: {Multilingual} {Speech} {Translation} with {One}-{Shot} {Learning}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-2020.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27rd {International} {Conference} on {Computational} {Linguistics} ({COLING} 2018)},
	author = {Dessloch, Florian and Ha, Thanh-Le and Müller, Markus and Niehues, Jan and Nguyen, Thai-Son and Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Salesky, Elizabeth and Sperber, Matthias and Stüker, Sebastian and Zenkel, Thomas and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{freitag_eu-bridge_2013,
	address = {Heidelberg, Germany},
	title = {{EU}-{BRIDGE} {MT}: {Text} translation of talks in the {EU}-{BRIDGE} project},
	url = {http://project.eu-bridge.eu/downloads/EU-BridgeMT_TextTranslationOfTalksInTheEUBridgeProject.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Tenth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2013)},
	author = {Freitag, Markus and Peitz, Stefan and Wuebker, Joern and Ney, Hermann and Durrani, Nadir and Huck, Markus and Koehn, Philipp and Ha, Thanh-Le and Niehues, Jan and Mediani, Mohammed and Herrmann, Teresa and Waibel, Alex and Bertoldi, Nicola and Cettolo, Mauro and Federico, Marcello},
	year = {2013},
}

@inproceedings{ha_effective_2017,
	address = {Tokio, Japan},
	title = {Effective {Strategies} in {Zero}-{Shot} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.07893.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2017)},
	author = {Ha, Thanh Le and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_dynamic_2016,
	address = {San Francisco, California, USA},
	title = {Dynamic {Transcription} for {Low}-latency {Speech} {Translation}},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/pdf/Niehues2016.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2016)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Nguyen, Thai-Son and Cho, Eunah and Ha, Thanh-Le and Kilgour, Kevin and Müller, Markus and Sperber, Matthias and Stüker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2513--2517},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_domain_2010,
	address = {St. Raphaël, France},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} in {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} using {Factored} {Translation} {Models}},
	url = {http://www.mt-archive.info/EAMT-2010-Niehues.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {European} {Association} for {Machine} {Translation} ({EAMT} 2010)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2010},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_discriminative_2008,
	address = {Columbus, USA},
	title = {Discriminative {Word} {Alignment} via {Alignment} {Matrix} {Modeling}},
	url = {http://www.mt-archive.info/ACL-SMT-2008-Niehues.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Third} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2008)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Vogel, Stefan},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {18--25},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_detailed_2012,
	address = {San Diego, USA},
	title = {Detailed {Analysis} of different {Strategies} for {Phrase} {Table} {Adaptation} in {SMT}},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/cmu-kit/AMTA_Niehues_Detailed_Analysis.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Tenth} {Conference} of the {Association} for {Machine} {Translation} in the {Americas} ({AMTA} 2012)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2012},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_wider_2011,
	address = {Edinburgh, UK},
	title = {Wider {Context} by {Using} {Bilingual} {Language} {Models} in {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://www.statmt.org/wmt11/pdf/WMT24.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Sixth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2011)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Herrman, Teresa and Vogel, Stefan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2011},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_continuous_2012,
	address = {Hong Kong},
	title = {Continuous {Space} {Language} {Models} using {Restricted} {Boltzmann} {Machines}},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/cmu-kit/template.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Ninth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2012)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2012},
}

@inproceedings{zenkel_comparison_2017,
	address = {Dreseden, Germany},
	title = {Comparison of {Decoding} {Strategies} for {CTC} {Acoustic} {Models}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.04469.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2017)},
	author = {Zenkel, Thomas and Sanabria, Ramon and Metze, Florian and Niehues, Jan and Sperber, Matthias and Stüker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{cho_combination_2015,
	address = {Dreseden, Germany},
	title = {Combination of {NN} and {CRF} models for joint detection of punctuation and disfluencies},
	volume = {2015-Janua},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1a9a/dd9545acb8aca08b39184ce75502222cc523.pdf?_ga=2.66772653.2019482273.1570103523-641267496.1570103523},
	abstract = {Copyright © 2015 ISCA. Inserting proper punctuation marks and deleting speech disfluencies are two of the most essential tasks in spoken language processing. This challenging task has prompted extensive research using various techniques, such as conditional random fields. Neural networks, however, are relatively under-explored for this task. Combining different modeling techniques with different advantages has the potential to lead to improvements. In this work, we first establish the performance of joint modeling of punctuation prediction and disfluency detection using neural networks. We then combine a conditional random fields based model and a neural networks based model log-linearly, and show that the combined approach outperforms both individual models, by 2.7\% and 3.5\% in F-score for speech disfluency and punctuation detection, respectively. When used as a preprocessing step to machine translation this also results in an improved translation quality of 2.5 BLEU points compared to the baseline and of 0.6 BLEU points compared to the non-combined model.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association}, {INTERSPEECH}},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Kilgour, Kevin and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Punctuation insertion, Speech disfluency detection, Speech translation},
	pages = {3650--3654},
}

@inproceedings{huber_automated_2018,
	address = {Miyazaki, Japan},
	title = {Automated {Evaluation} of {Out}-of-{Context} {Errors}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.08983.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {International} {Conference} on {Language} {Resources} and {Evaluation} ({LREC} 2018)},
	author = {Huber, Patrick and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{herrmann_analyzing_2013,
	address = {Heidelberg, Germany},
	title = {Analyzing the potential of source sentence reordering in statistical machine translation},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/994f/98479227fedaa563984ddd0c3eb871bbbdb1.pdf?_ga=2.160480830.2019482273.1570103523-641267496.1570103523},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Tenth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2013)},
	author = {Herrmann, Teresa and Weiner, Jochen and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2013},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_analyzing_2017,
	address = {Vancouver},
	title = {Analyzing {Neural} {MT} {Search} and {Model} {Performance}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-3202.pdf},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W17-3202},
	abstract = {In this paper, we offer an in-depth analysis about the modeling and search performance. We address the question if a more complex search algorithm is necessary. Furthermore, we investigate the question if more complex models which might only be applicable during rescoring are promising. By separating the search space and the modeling using n-best list reranking, we analyze the influence of both parts of an NMT system independently. By comparing differently performing NMT systems, we show that the better translation is already in the search space of the translation systems with less performance. This results indicate that the current search algorithms are sufficient for the NMT systems. Furthermore, we could show that even a relatively small \$n\$-best list of 50 hypotheses already contain notably better translations.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {First} {Workshop} on {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Cho, Eunah and Ha, Thanh-Le and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {11--17},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_mt_2013,
	address = {Sofia, Bulgaria},
	title = {An {MT} {Error}-{Driven} {Discriminative} {Word} {Lexicon} using {Sentence} {Structure} {Features}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W13-2264.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eighth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2013)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2013},
}

@inproceedings{constantin_end--end_2018,
	address = {Singapore},
	title = {An {End}-to-{End} {Goal}-{Oriented} {Dialog} {System} with a {Generative} {Natural} {Language} {Response} {Generation}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.02279.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {International} {Workshop} {Series} on {Spoken} {Dialogue} {System} {Technology} ({IWSDS} 2018)},
	author = {Constantin, Stefan and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
}

@phdthesis{niehues_adaptation_2014,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Adaptation in {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000042129/3161202},
	author = {Niehues, J},
	year = {2014},
}

@inproceedings{cho_adaptation_2016,
	address = {Seattle, USA},
	title = {Adaptation and {Combination} of {NMT} {Systems}: {The} {KIT} {Translation} {Systems} for {IWSLT} 2016},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/pdf/Cho2016.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2016)},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Ha, Thanh Le and Sperber, Matthias and Mediani, Mohamed and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{cho_real-world_2013,
	address = {Lyon, France},
	title = {A {Real}-{World} {System} for {Simultaneous} {Translation} of {German} {Lectures}},
	url = {http://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/cmu-kit/downloads/A_Real-World_System_for_Simultaneous_Translation_of_German_Lectures.pdf},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2013)},
	author = {Cho, Eunah and Fügen, Christian and Herrmann, Teresa and Kilgour, Kevin and Mediani, Mohameed and Mohr, Christian and Niehues, Jan and Rottmann, Kay and Saam, Chrisitan and Stüker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2013},
}

@inproceedings{pham_karlsruhe_2018,
	address = {Belgium, Brussels},
	title = {The {Karlsruhe} {Institute} of {Technology} {Systems} for the {News} {Translation} {Task} in {WMT} 2018},
	url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6422},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Third} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}, {Volume} 2: {Shared} {Task} {Papers}},
	author = {Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alexander},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {471--476},
}

@inproceedings{mullov_inspection_2018,
	address = {Miyazaki, Japan},
	title = {Inspection of {Multilingual} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://lrec-conf.org/workshops/lrec2018/W19/pdf/5_W19.pdf},
	abstract = {In this paper we inspect the intermediate sentence representation in the multilingual attention-based NMT system proposed by Ha et al. (2016). We ask the question of how well the NMT system learns a shared representation across multiple languages, as such a shared representation is an important prerequisite for zero-shot translation. To this end we examine whether the sentence representation is inde-pendent of the individual languages involved in translation. Having found the sentence representation in our multilingual NMT system to be language dependent, we further inspect the sentence representation for the cause of this dependence. We isolated the language dependent features, and found present a linear correlation between the sentence representation and its source language. Using these isolated features, we describe a method to manipulate these features, and provide a way to eliminate the language specific differences between the sentence representations. This could potentially help to remove noise, which is particularly harmful for zero-shot translation.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Workshop} on {Multi}-{Language} {Processing} in a {Globalising} {World} and the {First} {Workshop} on {Multilingualism} at the intersection of {Knowledge} {Bases} and {Machine} {Translation} ({MLP}-{MomenT} 2018)},
	author = {Mullov, Carlos and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	editor = {{Du J.} and and Arcan, M. and Q. and {Liu} and H and {Isahara}},
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {multilingual, neural machine translation, neural representation analysis},
}

@article{sperber_attention-passing_2019,
	title = {Attention-{Passing} {Models} for {Robust} and {Data}-{Efficient} {End}-to-{End} {Speech} {Translation}},
	volume = {7},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.07209},
	doi = {10.1162/tacl_a_00270},
	abstract = {Speech translation has traditionally been approached through cascaded models consisting of a speech recognizer trained on a corpus of transcribed speech, and a machine translation system trained on parallel texts. Several recent works have shown the feasibility of collapsing the cascade into a single, direct model that can be trained in an end-to-end fashion on a corpus of translated speech. However, experiments are inconclusive on whether the cascade or the direct model is stronger, and have only been conducted under the unrealistic assumption that both are trained on equal amounts of data, ignoring other available speech recognition and machine translation corpora.In this paper, we demonstrate that direct speech translation models require more data to perform well than cascaded models, and although they allow including auxiliary data through multi-task training, they are poor at exploiting such data, putting them at a severe disadvantage. As a remedy, we propose the use of end- to-end trainable models with two attention mechanisms, the first establishing source speech to source text alignments, the second modeling source to target text alignment. We show that such models naturally decompose into multi-task–trainable recognition and translation tasks and propose an attention-passing technique that alleviates error propagation issues in a previous formulation of a model with two attention stages. Our proposed model outperforms all examined baselines and is able to exploit auxiliary training data much more effectively than direct attentional models.},
	journal = {Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Sperber, Matthias and Neubig, Graham and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {313--325},
}

@inproceedings{franke_robust_2018,
	address = {Melbourne, Australia},
	title = {Robust and {Scalable} {Differentiable} {Neural} {Computer} for {Question} {Answering}},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.02658.pdf},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/w18-2606},
	abstract = {Deep learning models are often not easily adaptable to new tasks and require task-specific adjustments. The differentiable neural computer (DNC), a memory-augmented neural network, is designed as a general problem solver which can be used in a wide range of tasks. But in reality, it is hard to apply this model to new tasks. We analyze the DNC and identify possible improvements within the application of question answering. This motivates a more robust and scalable DNC (rsDNC). The objective precondition is to keep the general character of this model intact while making its application more reliable and speeding up its required training time. The rsDNC is distinguished by a more robust training, a slim memory unit and a bidirectional architecture. We not only achieve new state-of-the-art performance on the bAbI task, but also minimize the performance variance between different initializations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the simplified applicability of the rsDNC to new tasks with passable results on the CNN RC task without adaptions.},
	booktitle = {Machine {Reading} for {Question} {Answering} ({MRQA} 2018)},
	author = {Franke, Jörg and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {47--59},
}

@inproceedings{constantin_multi-task_2019,
	address = {Siracusa, Italy},
	title = {Multi-task learning to improve natural language understanding},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.06876},
	abstract = {Recently advancements in sequence-to-sequence neural network architectures have led to an improved natural language understanding. When building a neural network-based Natural Language Understanding component, one main challenge is to collect enough training data. The generation of a synthetic dataset is an inexpensive and quick way to collect data. Since this data often has less variety than real natural language, neural networks often have problems to generalize to unseen utterances during testing. In this work, we address this challenge by using multi-task learning. We train out-of-domain real data alongside in-domain synthetic data to improve natural language understanding. We evaluate this approach in the domain of airline travel information with two synthetic datasets. As out-of-domain real data, we test two datasets based on the subtitles of movies and series. By using an attention-based encoder-decoder model, we were able to improve the F1-score over strong baselines from 80.76 \% to 84.98 \% in the smaller synthetic dataset.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {International} {Workshop} {Series} on {Spoken} {Dialogue} {System} {Technology} ({IWSDS} 2019)},
	author = {Constantin, Stefan and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{pham_very_2019,
	address = {Graz, Austria},
	title = {Very {Deep} {Self}-{Attention} {Networks} for {End}-to-{End} {Speech} {Recognition}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.13377},
	abstract = {Recently, end-to-end sequence-to-sequence models for speech recognition have gained significant interest in the research community. While previous architecture choices revolve around time-delay neural networks (TDNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks, we propose to use self-attention via the Transformer architecture as an alternative. Our analysis shows that deep Transformer networks with high learning capacity are able to exceed performance from previous end-to-end approaches and even match the conventional hybrid systems. Moreover, we trained very deep models with up to 48 Transformer layers for both encoder and decoders combined with stochastic residual connections, which greatly improve generalizability and training efficiency. The resulting models outperform all previous end-to-end ASR approaches on the Switchboard benchmark. An ensemble of these models achieve 9.9\% and 17.7\% WER on Switchboard and CallHome test sets respectively. This finding brings our end-to-end models to competitive levels with previous hybrid systems. Further, with model ensembling the Transformers can outperform certain hybrid systems, which are more complicated in terms of both structure and training procedure.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2019)},
	author = {Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Nguyen, Thai-Son and Niehues, Jan and Müller, Markus and Stüker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alexander},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_combining_2014,
	address = {Vancouver, Canda},
	title = {Combining {Techniques} from {Different} {NN}-based {Language} {Models} for {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b1e9/5ad8ae8f60489e94f412c3a1238f9fe2a370.pdf?_ga=2.166425149.2019482273.1570103523-641267496.1570103523},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {Conference} of the {Association} for {Machine} {Translation} in the {Americas} ({AMTA} 2014)},
	author = {Niehues, Jan and Allauzen, Alexandre and Yvon, François and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2014},
}

@inproceedings{pham_improving_2019,
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	title = {Improving {Zero}-shot {Translation} with {Language}-{Independent} {Constraints}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08584},
	abstract = {An important concern in training multilingual neural machine translation (NMT) is to translate between language pairs unseen during training, i.e zero-shot translation. Improving this ability kills two birds with one stone by providing an alternative to pivot translation which also allows us to better understand how the model captures information between languages. In this work, we carried out an investigation on this capability of the multilingual NMT models. First, we intentionally create an encoder architecture which is independent with respect to the source language. Such experiments shed light on the ability of NMT encoders to learn multilingual representations, in general. Based on such proof of concept, we were able to design regularization methods into the standard Transformer model, so that the whole architecture becomes more robust in zero-shot conditions. We investigated the behaviour of such models on the standard IWSLT 2017 multilingual dataset. We achieved an average improvement of 2.23 BLEU points across 12 language pairs compared to the zero-shot performance of a state-of-the-art multilingual system. Additionally, we carry out further experiments in which the effect is confirmed even for language pairs with multiple intermediate pivots.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Forth} {Conference} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2019)},
	author = {Pham, Ngoc-Quan and Niehues, Jan and Ha, Thanh-Le and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{allauzen_a._and_crego_limsis_2010,
	address = {Uppsala, Sweden},
	title = {{LIMSIs} {Statistical} {Translation} {Systems} for {WMT10}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fifth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} and {MetricsMATR} ({WMT} 2010)},
	author = {Allauzen A. {and} Crego, J M. and D, El-Kahlout I. and F, Yvon},
	year = {2010},
}

@inproceedings{banerjee_p._and_du_combining_2010,
	address = {Denver, Colorado, USA},
	title = {Combining {Multi}-domain {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} {Models} using {Automatic} {Classifiers}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Ninth} {Conference} of the {Association} for {Machine} {Translation} in the {Americas} ({AMTA} 2010)},
	author = {Banerjee P. {and} Du, J. and B, Li and S, Kumar Naskar and A, Way and J, Van Genabith},
	year = {2010},
}

@inproceedings{axelrod_a._and_li_applications_2012,
	address = {Hong Kong},
	title = {Applications of {Data} {Selection} via {Cross}-{Entropy} {Difference} for {Real}-{World} {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Ninth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2012)},
	author = {Axelrod A. {and} Li, Q J. and D, Lewis W.},
	year = {2012},
}

@inproceedings{axelrod_a._and_he_domain_2011,
	address = {Edinburgh, UK.},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} via {Pseudo} {In}-domain {Data} {Selection}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2011)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Axelrod A. {and} He, X. and J, Gao},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {355--362},
}

@phdthesis{banerjee_domain_2013,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} of {Corporate} and {User}-generated {Content}},
	author = {Banerjee, P},
	year = {2013},
}

@article{bahdanau_neural_2014,
	title = {Neural {Machine} {Translation} by {Jointly} {Learning} to {Align} and {Translate}},
	volume = {abs/1409.0},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0473},
	abstract = {Neural machine translation is a recently proposed approach to machine translation. Unlike the traditional statistical machine translation, the neural machine translation aims at building a single neural network that can be jointly tuned to maximize the translation performance. The models proposed recently for neural machine translation often belong to a family of encoder-decoders and consists of an encoder that encodes a source sentence into a fixed-length vector from which a decoder generates a translation. In this paper, we conjecture that the use of a fixed-length vector is a bottleneck in improving the performance of this basic encoder-decoder architecture, and propose to extend this by allowing a model to automatically (soft-)search for parts of a source sentence that are relevant to predicting a target word, without having to form these parts as a hard segment explicitly. With this new approach, we achieve a translation performance comparable to the existing state-of-the-art phrase-based system on the task of English-to-French translation. Furthermore, qualitative analysis reveals that the (soft-)alignments found by the model agree well with our intuition.},
	journal = {CoRR},
	author = {Bahdanau, Dzmitry and Cho, Kyunghyun and Bengio, Yoshua},
	year = {2014},
}

@inproceedings{banerjee_p._and_naskar_domain_2012,
	address = {Trento, Italy},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} in {SMT} of {User}-{Generated} {Forum} {Content} {Guided} by {OOV} {Word} {Reduction}: {Normalization} and/or {Supplementary} {Data}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {European} {Association} for {Machine} {Translation} ({EAMT} 2012)},
	author = {Banerjee P. {and} Naskar, S K. and J, Roturier and A, Way and J, van Genabith},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {169--176},
}

@inproceedings{banerjee_p._and_naskar_translation_2012,
	address = {Bejing, China},
	title = {Translation {Quality}-{Based} {Supplementary} {Data} {Selection} by {Incremental} {Update} of {Translation} {Models}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd {International} {Conference} on {Computational} {Linguistics} ({COLING} 2010)},
	author = {Banerjee P. {and} Naskar, S K. and J, Roturier and A, Way and J, van Genabith},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {149--166},
}

@inproceedings{belinkov_y._and_durrani_what_2017,
	address = {Vancouver, Canada},
	title = {What do {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} {Models} {Learn} about {Morphology}?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2017)},
	author = {Belinkov Y. {and} Durrani, N. and F, Dalvi and H, Sajjad and R, Glass J.},
	year = {2017},
}

@article{bengio_y._and_ducharme_neural_2003,
	title = {A {Neural} {Probabilistic} {Language} {Model}},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1532-4435},
	journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	author = {Bengio Y. {and} Ducharme, R. and P, Vincent and C, Janvin},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {1137--1155},
}

@inproceedings{bertoldi_n._and_federico_domain_2009,
	address = {Athens, Greece},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} with {Monolingual} {Resources}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fourth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2009)},
	author = {Bertoldi N. {and} Federico, M},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{biber_variation_1991,
	title = {Variation across {Speech} and {Writing}},
	isbn = {978-0-521-42556-8},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Biber, D},
	year = {1991},
}

@inproceedings{benikova_d._and_biemann_germeval_2014,
	address = {Hildesheim, Germany},
	title = {{GermEval} 2014 {Named} {Entity} {Recognition} {Shared} {Task}: {Companion} {Paper}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {KONVENS} {GermEval} workshop},
	author = {Benikova D. {and} Biemann, C. and M, Kisselew and S, Pado},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {104--112},
}

@article{biber_using_1993,
	title = {Using {Register}-{Diversified} {Corpora} for {General} {Language} {Studies}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {0891-2017},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Biber, D},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {219--241},
}

@article{biber_typology_1989,
	title = {A typology of {English} texts},
	volume = {27},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Linguistics},
	author = {Biber, D},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {3--44},
}

@inproceedings{bilmes_j._a._and_kirchhoff_factored_2003,
	address = {Edmonton, Canada},
	title = {Factored {Language} {Models} and {Generalized} {Parallel} {Backoff}},
	doi = {10.3115/1073483.1073485},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2003 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} on {Human} {Language} {Technology} ({HLT}-{NAACL} 2003)},
	author = {Bilmes J. A. {and} Kirchhoff, K},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {4--6},
}

@article{blei_d._m._and_griffiths_nested_2010,
	title = {The {Nested} {Chinese} {Restaurant} {Process} and {Bayesian} {Nonparametric} {Inference} of {Topic} {Hierarchies}},
	volume = {57},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of the ACM},
	author = {Blei D. M. {and} Griffiths, T L. and I, Jordan M.},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1--7},
}

@article{blei_d._m._and_ng_latent_2003,
	title = {Latent {Dirichlet} {Allocation}},
	volume = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	author = {Blei D. M. {and} Ng, A Y. and I, Jordan M.},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {993--1022},
}

@inproceedings{blitzer_j._and_dredze_biographies_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Biographies, {Bollywood}, {Boom}-boxes and {Blenders}: {Domain} {Adaptation} for {Sentiment} {Classification}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2007)},
	author = {Blitzer J. {and} Dredze, M. and F, Pereira},
	year = {2007},
}

@inproceedings{bisazza_a._and_ruiz_fill-up_2011,
	address = {San Francisco, California, USA},
	title = {Fill-up versus {Interpolation} {Methods} for {Phrase}-based {SMT} {Adaptation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eights} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2011)},
	author = {Bisazza A. {and} Ruiz, N. and M, Federico},
	year = {2011},
}

@phdthesis{blitzer_domain_2008,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} of {Natural} {Language} {Processing} {Systems}},
	author = {Blitzer, J},
	year = {2008},
}

@inproceedings{blitzer_j._and_mcdonald_domain_2006,
	address = {Sydney, Australia},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} with {Structural} {Correspondence} {Learning}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2006)},
	author = {Blitzer J. {and} McDonald, R. and F, Pereira},
	year = {2006},
}

@inproceedings{blum_a._and_mitchell_combining_1998,
	address = {Madisson, Wisconsin, USA},
	title = {Combining {Labeled} and {Unlabeled} {Data} with {Co}-{Training}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {The} {Eleventh} {Annual} {Conference} on {Computational} {Learning} {Theory} ({COLT} 98)},
	author = {Blum A. {and} Mitchell, T},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {92--100},
}

@inproceedings{bojar_o._and_tamchyna_improving_2011,
	address = {Edinburgh, UK.},
	title = {Improving {Translation} {Model} by {Monolingual} {Data}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Sixth} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2011)},
	author = {Bojar O. {and} Tamchyna, A},
	year = {2011},
}

@inproceedings{bulyko_i._and_matsoukas_language_2007,
	address = {Honolulu, USA},
	title = {Language {Model} {Adaptation} in {Machine} {Translation} from {Speech}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Acoustics}, {Speech}, and {Signal} {Processing} ({ICASSP} 2007)},
	author = {Bulyko I. {and} Matsoukas, S. and R, Schwartz and L, Nguyen and J, Makhoul},
	year = {2007},
}

@inproceedings{callison-burch_c._and_koehn_findings_2012,
	address = {Montreal, Canada},
	title = {Findings of the 2012 {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Seventh} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2012)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Callison-Burch C. {and} Koehn, P. and C, Monz and M, Post and R, Soricut and L, Specia},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {10--51},
}

@inproceedings{carpuat_m._and_wu_improving_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Improving {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} using {Word} {Sense} {Disambiguation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Joint} {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} and {Computational} {Natural} {Language} {Learning} ({EMNLP}-{CoNLL} 2007)},
	author = {Carpuat M. {and} Wu, D},
	year = {2007},
}

@article{brants_s._and_dipper_tiger:_2004,
	title = {{TIGER}: {Linguistic} {Interpretation} of a {German} {Corpus}},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1572-8706},
	doi = {10.1007/s11168-004-7431-3},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Research on Language and Computation},
	author = {Brants S. {and} Dipper, S. and P, Eisenberg and S, Hansen-Schirra and E, König and W, Lezius and C, Rohrer and G, Smith and H, Uszkoreit},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {597--620},
}

@article{brown_p._f._and_desouza_class-based_1992,
	title = {Class-{Based} n-gram {Models} of {Natural} {Language}},
	volume = {18},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Brown P. F. {and} Desouza, P V. and L, Mercer R. and D, Pietra V. J. and C, Lai J.},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {467--479},
}

@article{brown_p._f._and_pietra_mathematics_1993,
	title = {The {Mathematics} of {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}: {Parameter} {Estimation}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {0891-2017},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Comput. Linguist.},
	author = {Brown P. F. {and} Pietra, V J D. and D, Pietra S. A. and L, Mercer R.},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {263--311},
}

@article{casacuberta_f._and_vidal_machine_2004,
	title = {Machine {Translation} with {Inferred} {Stochastic} {Finite}-{State} {Transducers}},
	volume = {30},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Casacuberta F. {and} Vidal, E},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {205--225},
}

@inproceedings{chan_y._s._and_ng_word_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Word {Sense} {Disambiguation} improves {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2007)},
	author = {Chan Y. S. {and} Ng, H T},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {33--40},
}

@inproceedings{cettolo_m._and_bentivogli_overview_2012,
	address = {Hong Kong},
	title = {Overview of the {IWSLT} 2012 {Evaluation} {Campaign}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Ninth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2012)},
	author = {Cettolo M. {and} Bentivogli, L. and M, Paul and S, Stüker},
	year = {2012},
}

@inproceedings{cettolo_wit_2012,
	address = {Trento, Italy},
	title = {{WIT} 3 : {Web} {Inventory} of {Transcribed} and {Translated} {Talks}},
	url = {http://www.mt-archive.info/EAMT-2012-Cettolo.pdf},
	abstract = {We describe here a Web inventory named WIT3 that offers access to a collection of transcribed and translated talks. The core of WIT3 is the TED Talks corpus, that basically redistributes the original content published by the TED Conference web- site (http://www.ted.com). Since 2007, the TED Conference, based in California, has been posting all video recordings of its talks together with subtitles in English and their translations in more than 80 lan- guages. Aside from its cultural and so- cial relevance, this content, which is pub- lished under the Creative Commons BY- NC-ND license, also represents a precious language resource for the machine transla- tion research community, thanks to its size, variety of topics, and covered languages. This effort repurposes the original content in a way which is more convenient for ma- chine translation researchers. 1},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th {EAMT} {Conference}},
	author = {Cettolo, M. and Girardi, C. and Federico, M.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {EAMT 2012},
	pages = {261--268},
}

@book{others_chapelle_o._and_scholkopf_semi-supervised_2006,
	title = {Semi-{Supervised} {Learning}},
	isbn = {978-0-262-51412-5},
	publisher = {MIT press Cambridge},
	author = {others Chapelle O. {and} Schölkopf, B. and and, Zien A.},
	year = {2006},
}

@article{chelba_c._and_acero_adaptation_2006,
	title = {Adaptation of maximum entropy capitalizer: {Little} data can help a lot},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Computer Speech and Language},
	author = {Chelba C. {and} Acero, A},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {382--399},
}

@inproceedings{chen_s._f._and_goodman_empirical_1996,
	title = {An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th annual meeting on {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}},
	author = {Chen S. F. {and} Goodman, J},
	editor = {Linguistics, A for C},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {310--318},
}

@article{cho_domain-independent_nodate,
	title = {Domain-independent {Punctuation} and {Segmentation} {Insertion}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT 2017)},
	author = {Cho, E},
}

@inproceedings{cho_k._and_van_merrienboer_learning_2014,
	address = {Doha, Qatar},
	title = {Learning {Phrase} {Representations} using {RNN} {Encoder}-{Decoder} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2014)},
	author = {Cho K. {and} van Merrienboer, B. and Ç, Gülçehre and D, Bahdanau and F, Bougares and H, Schwenk and Y, Bengio},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1724--1734},
}

@inproceedings{clark_j._and_lavie_one_2012,
	address = {San Diego, California, USA},
	title = {One {System}, {Many} {Domains}: {Open}-{Domain} {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} via {Feature} {Augmentation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Tenth} {Conference} of the {Association} for {Machine} {Translation} in the {Americas} ({AMTA} 2012)},
	author = {Clark J. {and} Lavie, A. and C, Dyer},
	year = {2012},
}

@article{collobert_r._and_weston_natural_2011,
	title = {Natural {Language} {Processing} ({Almost}) from {Scratch}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1532-4435},
	journal = {J. Mach. Learn. Res.},
	author = {Collobert R. {and} Weston, J. and L, Bottou and M, Karlen and K, Kavukcuoglu and P, Kuksa},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {2493--2537},
}

@article{crego_j._m._and_yvon_factored_2010,
	title = {Factored bilingual n-gram language models for statistical machine translation},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {0922-6567},
	doi = {10.1007/s10590-010-9082-5},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Machine Translation},
	author = {Crego J. M. {and} Yvon, F},
	year = {2010},
}

@inproceedings{daume_iii_frustratingly_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Frustratingly {Easy} {Domain} {Adaptation}},
	volume = {1785},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2007)},
	author = {Daumé III, H},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1787},
}

@inproceedings{daume_iii_h._and_jagarlamudi_domain_2011,
	address = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} for {Machine} {Translation} by {Mining} {Unseen} {Words}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies} ({ACL}-{HLP} 2011)},
	author = {Daumé III H. {and} Jagarlamudi, J},
	year = {2011},
}

@inproceedings{de_melo_g._and_weikum_untangling_2010,
	address = {Uppsala, Sweden},
	title = {Untangling the {Cross}-{Lingual} {Link} {Structure} of {Wikipedia}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 48th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2010)},
	author = {de Melo G. {and} Weikum, G},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {844--853},
}

@inproceedings{dai_w._and_xue_transferring_2007,
	title = {Transferring {Naive} {Bayes} {Classifiers} for {Text} {Classification}},
	volume = {22},
	booktitle = {Proceedings {Of} {The} {National} {Conference} {On} {Artificial} {Intelligence}},
	publisher = {Menlo Park, C.A.; Cambridge, M.A.; London; AAAI Press; MIT Press; 1999},
	author = {Dai W. {and} Xue, G-R and Q, Yang and Y, Yu},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {540},
}

@inproceedings{dai_w._and_yang_boosting_2007,
	address = {Corvallis, Oregon, USA},
	title = {Boosting for {Transfer} {Learning}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th {International} {Conference} on {Machine} {Learning} ({ICML} 2007)},
	author = {Dai W. {and} Yang, Q. and G-R, Xue and Y, Yu},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {193--200},
}

@article{daume_iii_h._and_marcu_domain_2006,
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} for {Statistical} {Classifiers}},
	volume = {26},
	journal = {Journal of Artificial Intellegent Research},
	author = {Daumé III H. {and} Marcu, D},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {101--126},
}

@inproceedings{devlin_j._and_zbib_fast_2014,
	address = {Baltimore, USA},
	title = {Fast and {Robust} {Neural} {Network} {Joint} {Models} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 52st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2014)},
	author = {Devlin J. {and} Zbib, R. and Z, Huang and T, Lamar and M, Schwartz R. and J, Makhoul},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1370--1380},
}

@inproceedings{dong_d._and_wu_multi-task_2015,
	address = {Beijing, China},
	title = {Multi-{Task} {Learning} for {Multiple} {Language} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 53st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2015)},
	author = {Dong D. {and} Wu, H. and W, He and D, Yu and H, Wang},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{elliott_findings_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
	title = {Findings of the {Second} {Shared} {Task} on {Multimodal} {Machine} {Translation} and {Multilingual} {Image} {Description}},
	url = {http://aclweb.org/anthology/W17-4718},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W17-4718},
	abstract = {We present the results from the second shared task on multimodal machine translation and multilingual image description. Nine teams submitted 19 systems to two tasks. The multimodal translation task, in which the source sentence is supplemented by an image, was extended with a new language (French) and two new test sets. The multilingual image description task was changed such that at test time, only the image is given. Compared to last year, multimodal systems improved, but text-only systems remain competitive.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Elliott, Desmond and Frank, Stella and Barrault, Loïc and Bougares, Fethi and Specia, Lucia},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {215--233},
}

@article{elliott_multilingual_2015,
	title = {Multilingual {Image} {Description} with {Neural} {Sequence} {Models}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.04709},
	abstract = {In this paper we present an approach to multi-language image description bringing together insights from neural machine translation and neural image description. To create a description of an image for a given target language, our sequence generation models condition on feature vectors from the image, the description from the source language, and/or a multimodal vector computed over the image and a description in the source language. In image description experiments on the IAPR-TC12 dataset of images aligned with English and German sentences, we find significant and substantial improvements in BLEU4 and Meteor scores for models trained over multiple languages, compared to a monolingual baseline.},
	journal = {CoRR},
	author = {Elliott, Desmond and Frank, Stella and Hasler, Eva},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{domhan_t._and_hieber_using_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen, Dennmark},
	title = {Using {Target}-side {Monolingual} {Data} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} through {Multi}-task {Learning}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2017)},
	author = {Domhan T. {and} Hieber, F},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1501--1506},
}

@inproceedings{duh_k._and_neubig_adaptation_2013,
	address = {Sofia, Bulgaria},
	title = {Adaptation {Data} {Selection} using {Neural} {Language} {Models}: {Experiments} in {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 51st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2013)},
	author = {Duh K. {and} Neubig, G. and K, Sudoh and H, Tsukada},
	year = {2013},
}

@inproceedings{erdmann_m._and_nakayama_approach_2008,
	address = {New Delhi, India},
	title = {An {Approach} for {Extracting} {Bilingual} {Terminology} from {Wikipedia}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th {International} {Conference} on {Database} {Systems} for {Advanced} {Applications} ({DASFAA} 2008)},
	author = {Erdmann M. {and} Nakayama, K. and T, Hara and S, Nishio},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {380--392},
}

@inproceedings{foster_g._and_kuhn_phrasetable_2006,
	address = {Sydney, Australia},
	title = {Phrasetable {Smoothing} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2006)},
	author = {Foster G. {and} Kuhn, R. and H, Johnson},
	year = {2006},
}

@inproceedings{federico_m._and_stuker_iwslt_2012,
	address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
	title = {The {IWSLT} 2011 {Evaluation} {Campaign} on {Automatic} {Talk} {Translation}},
	volume = {12},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eight} {International} {Conference} on {Language} {Resources} and {Evaluation} ({LREC} 2012)},
	author = {Federico M. {and} Stüker, S. and L, Bentivogli and M, Paul and M, Cettolo and T, Herrmann and J, Niehues and G, Moretti},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {3543--3550},
}

@inproceedings{firat_multi-way_2016,
	address = {San Diego, California, USA},
	title = {Multi-{Way}, {Multilingual} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} with a {Shared} {Attention} {Mechanism}},
	url = {http://aclweb.org/anthology/N16-1101},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/N16-1101},
	abstract = {We propose multi-way, multilingual neural machine translation. The proposed approach enables a single neural translation model to translate between multiple languages, with a number of parameters that grows only linearly with the number of languages. This is made possible by having a single attention mechanism that is shared across all language pairs. We train the proposed multi-way, multilingual model on ten language pairs from WMT'15 simultaneously and observe clear performance improvements over models trained on only one language pair. In particular, we observe that the proposed model significantly improves the translation quality of low-resource language pairs.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies}},
	author = {Firat, Orhan and Cho, Kyunghyun and Bengio, Yoshua},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {866--875},
}

@inproceedings{firat_o._and_sankaran_zero-resource_2016,
	address = {Austin, USA},
	title = {Zero-{Resource} {Translation} with {Multi}-{Lingual} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2016)},
	author = {Firat O. {and} Sankaran, B. and Y, Al-Onaizan and T, Yarman-Vural F. and K, Cho},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {268--277},
}

@inproceedings{foster_g._and_goutte_discriminative_2010,
	address = {MIT, Massachusetts, USA},
	title = {Discriminative {Instance} {Weighting} for {Domain} {Adaptation} in {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2010)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Foster G. {and} Goutte, C. and R, Kuhn},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {451--459},
}

@inproceedings{foster_g._and_kuhn_mixture-model_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Mixture-{Model} {Adaptation} for {SMT}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2007)},
	author = {Foster G. {and} Kuhn, R},
	year = {2007},
}

@inproceedings{others_freitag_m._and_wuebker_combined_2014,
	address = {Lake Tahoe, USA},
	title = {Combined spoken language translation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2014)},
	author = {others Freitag M. {and} Wuebker, J. and S, Peitz and H, Ney and M, Huck and A, Birch and N, Durrani and P, Koehn and M, Mediani and and, Slawik I.},
	year = {2014},
}

@inproceedings{galley_m._and_manning_simple_2008,
	address = {Honolulu, Hawaii, USA},
	title = {A {Simple} and {Effective} {Hierarchical} {Phrase} {Reordering} {Model}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2008)},
	author = {Galley M. {and} Manning, C D},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {848--856},
}

@inproceedings{gao_q._and_vogel_parallel_2008,
	address = {Columbus, Ohio, USA},
	title = {Parallel {Implementations} of {Word} {Alignment} {Tool}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Software} {Engineering}, {Testing}, and {Quality} {Assurance} for {Natural} {Language} {Processing}},
	author = {Gao Q. {and} Vogel, S},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {49--57},
}

@inproceedings{garoufi_k._and_koller_automated_2010,
	address = {Uppsala, Sweden},
	title = {Automated {Planning} for {Situated} {Natural} {Language} {Generation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 48th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2010)},
	author = {Garoufi K. {and} Koller, A},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1573--1582},
}

@inproceedings{gimpel_k._and_smith_rich_2008,
	address = {Columbus, Ohio, USA},
	title = {Rich {Source}-{Side} {Context} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Third} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2008)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Gimpel K. {and} Smith, N A},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {9--17},
}

@inproceedings{griffiths_t._l._and_steyvers_integrating_2004,
	title = {Integrating {Topics} and {Syntax}},
	volume = {17},
	booktitle = {Advances in {Neural} {Information} {Processing} {Systems}},
	author = {Griffiths T. L. {and} Steyvers, M. and M, Blei D. and B, Tenenbaum J.},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {537--544},
}

@article{gale_w._a._and_church_program_1993,
	title = {A {Program} for {Aligning} {Sentences} in {Bilingual} {Corpora}},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Gale W. A. {and} Church, K W},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {75--102},
}

@inproceedings{hasan_s._and_ganitkevitch_triplet_2008,
	address = {Honolulu, Hawaii, USA},
	title = {Triplet {Lexicon} {Models} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2008)},
	author = {Hasan S. {and} Ganitkevitch, J. and H, Ney and J, Andrés-Ferrer},
	year = {2008},
}

@inproceedings{hildebrand_s._and_eck_adapatation_2005,
	address = {Budapest, Hungary},
	title = {Adapatation of the {Translation} {Model} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} based on {Information} {Retrieval}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {European} {Association} for {Machine} {Translation} ({EAMT} 2005)},
	author = {Hildebrand S. {and} Eck, M. and S, Vogel and A, Waibel},
	year = {2005},
}

@article{hinton_training_2002,
	title = {Training {Products} of {Experts} by {Minimizing} {Contrastive} {Divergence}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {0899-7667},
	doi = {10.1162/089976602760128018},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Neural Computation},
	author = {Hinton, G E},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {1771--1800},
}

@techreport{hinton_practical_2010,
	title = {A {Practical} {Guide} to {Training} {Restricted} {Boltzmann} {Machines}},
	author = {Hinton, G E},
	year = {2010},
}

@article{hinton_g._e._and_osindero_fast_2006,
	title = {A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {0899-7667},
	doi = {10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Neural Computation},
	author = {Hinton G. E. {and} Osindero, S. and Y-W, Teh},
	year = {2006},
}

@inproceedings{hitschler_multimodal_2016,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {Multimodal {Pivots} for {Image} {Caption} {Translation}},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/p16-1227},
	abstract = {We present an approach to improve statistical machine translation of image descriptions by multimodal pivots defined in visual space. The key idea is to perform image retrieval over a database of images that are captioned in the target language, and use the captions of the most similar images for crosslingual reranking of translation outputs. Our approach does not depend on the availability of large amounts of in-domain parallel data, but only relies on available large datasets of monolingually captioned images, and on state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks to compute image similarities. Our experimental evaluation shows improvements of 1 BLEU point over strong baselines.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2016)},
	author = {Hitschler, Julian and Schamoni, Shigehiko and Riezler, Stefan},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2399--2409},
}

@article{hochreiter_long_1997,
	title = {Long {Short}-{Term} {Memory}},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {08997667},
	doi = {10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735},
	abstract = {Learning to store information over extended time intervals by recurrent backpropagation takes a very long time, mostly because of insufficient, decaying error backflow. We briefly review Hochreiter's (1991) analysis of this problem, then address it by introducing a novel, efficient, gradient-based method called long short-term memory (LSTM). Truncating the gradient where this does not do harm, LSTM can learn to bridge minimal time lags in excess of 1000 discrete-time steps by enforcing constant error flow through constant error carousels within special units. Multiplicative gate units learn to open and close access to the constant error flow. LSTM is local in space and time; its computational complexity per time step and weight is O(1). Our experiments with artificial data involve local, distributed, real-valued, and noisy pattern representations. In comparisons with real-time recurrent learning, back propagation through time, recurrent cascade correlation, Elman nets, and neural sequence chunking, LSTM leads to many more successful runs, and learns much faster. LSTM also solves complex, artificial long-time-lag tasks that have never been solved by previous recurrent network algorithms.},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Neural Computation},
	author = {Hochreiter, Sepp and Schmidhuber, Jürgen},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {1735--1780},
}

@phdthesis{jiang_domain_2008,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing}},
	author = {Jiang, J},
	year = {2008},
}

@article{kaiser_l._and_nachum_learning_2017,
	title = {Learning to {Remember} {Rare} {Events}},
	volume = {abs/1703.0},
	journal = {CoRR},
	author = {Kaiser L. {and} Nachum, O. and A, Roy and S, Bengio},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{kessler_b._and_numberg_automatic_1997,
	address = {Madrid, Spain},
	title = {Automatic {Detection} of {Text} {Genre}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} and {Eighth} {Conference} of the {European} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} â97/{EACLâ}97)},
	author = {Kessler B. {and} Numberg, G. and H, Schütze},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {32--38},
}

@inproceedings{kneser_r._and_ney_improved_1995,
	address = {Detroit, Michigan, USA},
	title = {Improved {Backing}-{Off} for m-gram {Language} {Modeling}},
	volume = {I},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Acoustics}, {Speech}, and {Signal} {Processing} ({ICASSP} â95)},
	author = {Kneser R. {and} Ney, H},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {181--184},
}

@inproceedings{jiang_j._and_zhai_instance_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Instance {Weighting} for {Domain} {Adaptation} in {NLP}},
	volume = {2007},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2007)},
	author = {Jiang J. {and} Zhai, C X},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {22},
}

@inproceedings{jiang_j._and_zhai_two-stage_2007,
	address = {Lisboa, Portugal},
	title = {A {Two}-{Stage} {Approach} to {Domain} {Adaptation} for {Statistical} {Classifiers}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {Sixteenth} {Conference} on {Information} and {Knowledge} {Management} ({CIKM} 2007)},
	author = {Jiang J. {and} Zhai, C X},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {401--410},
}

@article{karpathy_a._and_johnson_visualizing_2015,
	title = {Visualizing and {Understanding} {Recurrent} {Networks}},
	volume = {abs/1506.0},
	journal = {CoRR},
	author = {Karpathy A. {and} Johnson, J. and F-F, Li},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{klein_g._and_kim_opennmt:_2017,
	address = {Vancouver, Canda},
	title = {{OpenNMT}: {Open}-{Source} {Toolkit} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2017)},
	author = {Klein G. {and} Kim, Y. and Y, Deng and J, Senellart and M, Rush A.},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{kobus_domain_2017,
	address = {Varna, Bulgaria},
	title = {Domain {Control} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	doi = {10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_049},
	abstract = {Machine translation systems are very sensitive to the domains they were trained on. Several domain adaptation techniques have been deeply studied. We propose a new technique for neural machine translation (NMT) that we call domain control which is performed at runtime using a unique neural network covering multiple domains. The presented approach shows quality improvements when compared to dedicated domains translating on any of the covered domains and even on out-of-domain data. In addition, model parameters do not need to be re-estimated for each domain, making this effective to real use cases. Evaluation is carried out on English-to-French translation for two different testing scenarios. We first consider the case where an end-user performs translations on a known domain. Secondly, we consider the scenario where the domain is not known and predicted at the sentence level before translating. Results show consistent accuracy improvements for both conditions.},
	booktitle = {Proceddings of {Recent} {Advances} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({RANLP} 2017)},
	author = {Kobus, Catherine and Crego, Josep and Senellart, Jean},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {372--378},
}

@inproceedings{koehn_p._and_hoang_factored_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Factored {Translation} {Models}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Joint} {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} and {Computational} {Natural} {Language} {Learning} ({EMNLP}-{CoNLL} 2007)},
	author = {Koehn P. {and} Hoang, H},
	year = {2007},
}

@inproceedings{koehn_p._and_hoang_moses:_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Moses: {Open} {Source} {Toolkit} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2007)},
	author = {Koehn P. {and} Hoang, H. and A, Birch and C, Callison-Burch and M, Federico and N, Bertoldi and B, Cowan and W, Shen and C, Moran and R, Zens and C, Dyer and O, Bojar and A, Constantin and E, Herbst},
	year = {2007},
}

@inproceedings{koehn_p._and_knight_empirical_2003,
	address = {Budapest, Hungary},
	title = {Empirical {Methods} for {Compound} {Splitting}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th {Conference} of the {European} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({EACL} 2003)},
	author = {Koehn P. {and} Knight, K},
	year = {2003},
}

@inproceedings{koehn_p._and_och_statistical_2003,
	address = {Edmonton, Canada, Canada},
	title = {Statistical {Phrase}-based {Translation}},
	doi = {10.3115/1073445.1073462},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2003 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} on {Human} {Language} {Technology} ({HLT}-{NAACL} 2003)},
	author = {Koehn P. {and} Och, F J. and D, Marcu},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {48--54},
}

@inproceedings{koehn_p._and_schroeder_experiments_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Experiments in {Domain} {Adaptation} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2007)},
	author = {Koehn P. {and} Schroeder, J},
	year = {2007},
}

@inproceedings{labeau_m._and_loser_k._non-lexical_2015,
	address = {Lisbonne, Portugal},
	title = {Non-lexical neural architecture for fine-grained {POS} {Tagging}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2015)},
	author = {Labeau M. {and} Löser K., Allauzen},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {6},
}

@inproceedings{le_h._s._and_allauzen_continuous_2012,
	address = {Montreal, Canada},
	title = {Continuous {Space} {Translation} {Models} with {Neural} {Networks}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2012 {Conference} of the {North} {American} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies} ({NAACL}-{HLT} 2012)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Le H. S. {and} Allauzen, A. and F, Yvon},
	year = {2012},
}

@inproceedings{kreutzer_j._and_sokolov_bandit_2017,
	address = {Vancouver, Canda},
	title = {Bandit {Structured} {Prediction} for {Neural} {Sequence}-to-{Sequence} {Learning}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2017)},
	author = {Kreutzer J. {and} Sokolov, A. and S, Riezler},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1503--1513},
}

@inproceedings{le_h._s._and_allauzen_training_2010,
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	title = {Training {Continuous} {Space} {Language} {Models}: {Some} {Practical} {Issues}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2010)},
	author = {Le H. S. {and} Allauzen, A. and G, Wisniewski and F, Yvon},
	year = {2010},
}

@inproceedings{le_h._s._and_oparin_structured_2011,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Structured {Output} {Layer} {Neural} {Network} {Language} {Model}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Acoustics}, {Speech}, and {Signal} {Processing} ({ICASSP} 2011)},
	publisher = {Ieee},
	author = {Le H. S. {and} Oparin, I. and A, Allauzen and J-L, Gauvain and F, Yvon},
	year = {2011},
}

@inproceedings{li_x._and_bilmes_bayesian_2007,
	address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico},
	title = {A {Bayesian} {Divergence} {Prior} for {Classifier} {Adaptation}},
	booktitle = {International {Conference} on {Artificial} {Intelligence} and {Statistics} ({AISTATS} 2007)},
	author = {Li X. {and} Bilmes, J},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {275--282},
}

@article{lin_y._and_lee_support_2002,
	title = {Support {Vector} {Machines} for {Classification} in {Nonstandard} {Situations}},
	volume = {46},
	number = {1-3},
	journal = {Machine Learning},
	author = {Lin Y. {and} Lee, Y. and G, Wahba},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {191--202},
}

@inproceedings{lison_opensubtitles2016:_2016,
	address = {Paris, France},
	title = {{OpenSubtitles2016}: {Extracting} {Large} {Parallel} {Corpora} from {Movie} and {TV} {Subtitles}},
	url = {http://www.opensubtitles.org.},
	abstract = {We present a new major release of the OpenSubtitles collection of parallel corpora. The release is compiled from a large database of movie and TV subtitles and includes a total of 1689 bitexts spanning 2.6 billion sentences across 60 languages. The release also incorporates a number of enhancements in the preprocessing and alignment of the subtitles, such as the automatic correction of OCR errors and the use of meta-data to estimate the quality of each subtitle and score subtitle pairs.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th {International} {Conference} on {Language} {Resources} and {Evaluation} ({LREC})},
	author = {Lison, Pierre and Tiedemann, Jörg},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {923--929},
}

@inproceedings{mansour_s._and_wuebker_combining_2011,
	address = {San Francisco, California, USA},
	title = {Combining {Translation} and {Language} {Model} {Scoring} for {Domain}-{Specific} {Data} {Filtering}},
	abstract = {The increasing popularity of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems is introducing new domains of translation that need to be tackled. As many resources are already available, domain adaptation methods can be applied to utilize these recourses in the most beneficial way for the new domain. We explore adaptation via filtering, using the crossentropy scores to discard irrelevant sentences. We focus on filtering for two important components of an SMT system, namely the language model (LM) and the translation model (TM). Previous work has already applied LM cross-entropy based scoring for filtering. We argue that LM cross-entropy might be appropriate for LM filtering, but not as much for TM filtering. We develop a novel filtering approach based on a combined TM and LM cross-entropy scores. We experiment with two large-scale translation tasks, the Arabicto- English and English-to-French IWSLT 2011 TED Talks MT tasks. For LM filtering, we achieve strong perplexity improvements which carry over to the translation quality with improvements up to +0.4\% BLEU. For TM filtering, the combined method achieves small but consistent improvements over the standalone methods. As a side effect of adaptation via filtering, the fully fledged SMT system vocabulary size and phrase table size are reduced by a factor of at least 2 while up to +0.6\% BLEU improvement is observed.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eights} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2011)},
	author = {Mansour S. {and} Wuebker, J. and H, Ney},
	year = {2011},
}

@article{luong_multi-task_2015,
	title = {Multi-task {Sequence} to {Sequence} {Learning}},
	volume = {abs/1511.0},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06114},
	abstract = {Sequence to sequence learning has recently emerged as a new paradigm in supervised learning. To date, most of its applications focused on only one task and not much work explored this framework for multiple tasks. This paper examines three multi-task learning (MTL) settings for sequence to sequence models: (a) the oneto-many setting - where the encoder is shared between several tasks such as machine translation and syntactic parsing, (b) the many-to-one setting - useful when only the decoder can be shared, as in the case of translation and image caption generation, and (c) the many-to-many setting - where multiple encoders and decoders are shared, which is the case with unsupervised objectives and translation. Our results show that training on a small amount of parsing and image caption data can improve the translation quality between English and German by up to 1.5 BLEU points over strong single-task baselines on the WMT benchmarks. Furthermore, we have established a new state-of-the-art result in constituent parsing with 93.0 F1. Lastly, we reveal interesting properties of the two unsupervised learning objectives, autoencoder and skip-thought, in the MTL context: autoencoder helps less in terms of perplexities but more on BLEU scores compared to skip-thought.},
	journal = {CoRR},
	author = {Luong, Minh-Thang and Le, Quoc V. and Sutskever, Ilya and Vinyals, Oriol and Kaiser, Lukasz},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{macherey_k._and_dai_language-independent_2011,
	address = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
	title = {Language-independent {Compound} {Splitting} with {Worphological} {Operations}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies} ({ACL}-{HLP} 2011)},
	author = {Macherey K. {and} Dai, A. and D, Talbot and A, Popat and F, Och},
	year = {2011},
}

@article{marino_j._b._and_banchs_n-gram-based_2006,
	title = {N-gram-based {Machine} {Translation}},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0891-2017},
	doi = {10.1162/coli.2006.32.4.527},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Mariño J. B. {and} Banchs, R E. and M, Crego J. and A, de Gispert and P, Lambert and R, Fonollosa J. A. and R, Costa-jussà∼ M.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {527--549},
}

@inproceedings{matsoukas_s._and_rosti_discriminative_2009,
	address = {Singapore},
	title = {Discriminative {Corpus} {Weight} {Estimation} for {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2009)},
	author = {Matsoukas S. {and} Rosti, A-V I. and B, Zhang},
	year = {2009},
}

@inproceedings{matusov_evaluating_2005,
	address = {Pittsburgh, USA},
	title = {Evaluating machine translation output with automatic sentence segmentation.},
	abstract = {and acceptance of MT technology • human evaluation is time-consuming and expensive ... Experimental results • test the new evaluation method on the data from IWSLT 2004 and TC-STAR 2005 evaluations • on the IWSLT 2004 data, compute correlation with human judgements ...},
	booktitle = {{IWSLT}},
	author = {Matusov, Evgeny and Leusch, Gregor and Bender, Oliver and Ney, Hermann},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {138--144},
}

@inproceedings{matusov_e._and_zens_rwth_2006,
	title = {The {RWTH} {Machine} {Translation} {System}},
	booktitle = {{TC}-{STAR} {Workshop} on {Speech}-to-{Speech} {Translation}},
	author = {Matusov E. {and} Zens, R. and D, Vilar and A, Mauser and M, Popovic and S, Hasan and H, Ney},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {31--36},
}

@inproceedings{mediani_m._and_zhang_kit_2012,
	address = {Hong Kong},
	title = {The {KIT} {Translation} systems for {IWSLT} 2012},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Ninth} {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2012)},
	author = {Mediani M. {and} Zhang, Y. and T-L, Ha and J, Niehues and E, Cho and T, Herrmann and R, K?¤rgel and A, Waibel},
	year = {2012},
}

@inproceedings{mikolov_t._and_karafiat_recurrent_2010,
	address = {Makuhari, Japan},
	title = {Recurrent neural network based language model},
	volume = {2010},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {Annual} {Conference} of the {International} {Speech} {Communication} {Association} ({Interspeech} 2010)},
	publisher = {International Speech Communication Association},
	author = {Mikolov T. {and} Karafiát, M. and L, Burget and J, Cernocký and S, Khudanpur},
	year = {2010},
}

@inproceedings{mauser_a._and_hasan_extending_2009,
	address = {Singapore},
	title = {Extending {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} with {Discriminative} and {Trigger}-based {Lexicon} {Models}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2009)},
	author = {Mauser A. {and} Hasan, S. and H, Ney},
	year = {2009},
}

@inproceedings{mcclosky_d._and_charniak_effective_2006,
	address = {New York City, New York, USA},
	title = {Effective {Self}-{Training} for {Parsing}},
	doi = {10.3115/1220835.1220855},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Human} {Language} {Technology} conference Â– {North} {American} chapter of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} annual meeting ({HLT}-{NAACL} 2006)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {McClosky D. {and} Charniak, E. and M, Johnson},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {152--159},
}

@inproceedings{minkov_e._and_toutanova_generating_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Generating {Complex} {Morphology} for {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2007)},
	author = {Minkov E. {and} Toutanova, K},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {128--135},
}

@inproceedings{moore_r._c._and_lewis_intelligent_2010,
	address = {Uppsala, Sweden},
	title = {Intelligent {Selection} of {Language} {Model} {Training} {Data}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 48th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2010)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Moore R. C. {and} Lewis, W},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {220--224},
}

@book{neubig_lamtram:_2015,
	title = {lamtram: {A} {Toolkit} for {Language} and {Translation} {Modeling} using {Neural} {Networks}},
	author = {Neubig, G},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{mnih_a._and_hinton_three_2007,
	address = {Corvallis, Oregon, USA},
	title = {Three new {Graphical} {Models} for {Statistical} {Language} {Modelling}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th {International} {Conference} on {Machine} {Learning} ({ICML} 2007)},
	author = {Mnih A. {and} Hinton, G E},
	year = {2007},
}

@inproceedings{nakamura_m._and_maruyama_neural_1990,
	address = {Helsinki, Finland},
	title = {Neural network approach to word category prediction for {English} texts},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13rd {International} {Conference} on {Computational} {Linguistics} ({COLING} â90)},
	author = {Nakamura M. {and} Maruyama, K. and T, Kawabata and K, Shikano},
	year = {1990},
}

@inproceedings{niehues_j._and_zhang_karlsruhe_2012,
	address = {Montreal, Canada},
	title = {The {Karlsruhe} {Institute} of {Technology} {Translation} {Systems} for the {WMT} 2012},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Seventh} {Workshop} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2012)},
	author = {Niehues J. {and} Zhang, Y. and M, Mediani and T, Herrmann and E, Cho and A, Waibel},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {349--355},
}

@inproceedings{och_efficient_1999,
	address = {Bergen, Norway},
	title = {An {Efficient} {Method} for {Determining} {Bilingual} {Word} {Classes}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Ninth} {Conference} of the {European} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({EACL} â99)},
	author = {Och, F J},
	year = {1999},
}

@article{och_f._j._and_ney_alignment_2004,
	title = {The {Alignment} {Template} {Approach} to {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {0891-2017},
	doi = {10.1162/0891201042544884},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Comput. Linguist.},
	author = {Och F. J. {and} Ney, H},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {417--449},
}

@article{och_f._j._and_ney_systematic_2003,
	title = {A {Systematic} {Comparison} of {Various} {Statistical} {Alignment} {Models}},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {0891-2017},
	doi = {10.1162/089120103321337421},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Och F. J. {and} Ney, H},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {19--51},
}

@inproceedings{pham_kits_2017,
	address = {Tokio, Japan},
	title = {{KIT}s {Multilingual} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} systems for {IWSLT} 2017},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th {International} {Workshop} on {Spoken} {Language} {Translation} ({IWSLT} 2017)},
	author = {Pham, N-Q},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{prochasson_e._and_fung_rare_2011,
	address = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
	title = {Rare {Word} {Translation} {Extraction} from {Aligned} {Comparable} {Documents}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies} ({ACL}-{HLP} 2011)},
	author = {Prochasson E. {and} Fung, P},
	year = {2011},
}

@inproceedings{ramachandran_p._and_liu_unsupervised_2017,
	address = {Copenhagen, Dennmark},
	title = {Unsupervised {Pretraining} for {Sequence} to {Sequence} {Learning}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2017)},
	author = {Ramachandran P. {and} Liu, P. and Q, Le},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {383--391},
}

@phdthesis{petrenz_assessing_2009,
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Assessing approaches to genre classification},
	author = {Petrenz, P},
	year = {2009},
}

@article{ranzato_m._a._and_chopra_sequence_2015,
	title = {Sequence {Level} {Training} with {Recurrent} {Neural} {Networks}},
	journal = {CoRR},
	author = {Ranzato M. A. {and} Chopra, S. and M, Auli and W, Zaremba},
	year = {2015},
}

@inproceedings{rottmann_k._and_vogel_word_2007,
	address = {Sk??vde, Sweden},
	title = {Word {Reordering} in {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} with a {POS}-{Based} {Distortion} {Model}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {International} {Conference} on {Theoretical} and {Methodological} {Issues} in {Machine} {Translation} ({TMI}-07)},
	author = {Rottmann K. {and} Vogel, S},
	year = {2007},
}

@inproceedings{schmid_probabilistic_1994,
	address = {Manchester, UK},
	title = {Probabilistic {Part}-of-{Speech} {Tagging} {Using} {Decision} {Trees}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {International} {Conference} on {New} {Methods} in {Language} {Processing}},
	author = {Schmid, H},
	year = {1994},
}

@inproceedings{salakhutdinov_r._and_mnih_restricted_2007,
	address = {New York City, New York, USA},
	title = {Restricted {Boltzmann} machines for collaborative filtering},
	doi = {10.1145/1273496.1273596},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th {International} {Conference} on {Machine} {Learning} ({ICML} 2007)},
	author = {Salakhutdinov R. {and} Mnih, A. and E, Hinton G.},
	year = {2007},
}

@article{schwenk_continuous_2007,
	title = {Continuous space language models},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {0885-2308},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csl.2006.09.003},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Computer Speech and Language},
	author = {Schwenk, H},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {492--518},
}

@article{schuster_m._and_paliwal_bidirectional_1997,
	title = {Bidirectional recurrent neural networks},
	volume = {45},
	number = {11},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing},
	author = {Schuster M. {and} Paliwal, K K},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {2673--2681},
}

@inproceedings{schwenk_h._and_gauvain_connectionist_2002,
	address = {Orlando, Florida, USA},
	title = {Connectionist {Language} {Modeling} {For} {Large} {Vocabulary} {Continuous} {Speech} {Recognition}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Acoustics}, {Speech}, and {Signal} {Processing} ({ICASSP} 2002)},
	author = {Schwenk H. {and} Gauvain, J-L},
	year = {2002},
}

@inproceedings{schwenk_h._and_costa-jussa_smooth_2007,
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	title = {Smooth {Bilingual} {N}-{Gram} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Joint} {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} and {Computational} {Natural} {Language} {Learning} ({EMNLP}-{CoNLL} 2007)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Schwenk H. {and} Costa-jussà, M R. and A, R. Fonollosa J.},
	year = {2007},
}

@inproceedings{sennrich_r._and_haddow_linguistic_2016,
	address = {Berline, Germany},
	title = {Linguistic {Input} {Features} {Improve} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {First} {Conference} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2016)},
	author = {Sennrich R. {and} Haddow, B},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {83--91},
}

@inproceedings{schwenk_h._and_senellart_translation_2009,
	address = {Ottawa, Canada},
	title = {Translation {Model} {Adapation} for an {Arabic}/{French} {News} {Translation} {System} by {Lightly}-{Supervised} {Training}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings {The} {Twelfth} {Machine} {Translation} {Summit} ({MT} {Summit} {XII})},
	author = {Schwenk H. {and} Senellart, J},
	year = {2009},
}

@inproceedings{sennrich_r._and_haddow_improving_2016,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {Improving {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} {Models} with {Monolingual} {Data}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2016)},
	author = {Sennrich R. {and} Haddow, B. and A, Birch},
	year = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{shi_x._and_padhi_does_2016,
	address = {Austin, USA},
	title = {Does {String}-{Based} {Neural} {MT} {Learn} {Source} {Syntax}?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2016)},
	author = {Shi X. {and} Padhi, I. and K, Knight},
	year = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{shu_l._and_long_latent_2009,
	address = {Shanghai, China},
	title = {A {Latent} {Topic} {Model} for {Complete} {Entity} {Resolution}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th {International} {Conference} on {Data} {Engineering} ({ICDE} 2009)},
	author = {Shu L. {and} Long, B. and W, Meng},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {880--891},
}

@inproceedings{sperber_toward_2017,
	address = {Tokio, Japan},
	title = {Toward {Robust} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} for {Noisy} {Input} {Sequences}},
	url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/88ed/f12127a628bed608cae0bdf3700d00824df4.pdf%0Ahttp://isl.anthropomatik.kit.edu/pdf/Sperber2017b.pdf},
	abstract = {Translating noisy inputs, such as the output of a speech rec-ognizer, is a difficult but important challenge for neural machine translation. One way to increase robustness of neu-ral models is by introducing artificial noise to the training data. In this paper, we experiment with appropriate forms of such noise, exploring a middle ground between general-purpose regularizers and highly task-specific forms of noise induction. We show that with a simple generative noise model, moderate gains can be achieved in translating erroneous speech transcripts, provided that type and amount of noise are properly calibrated. The optimal amount of noise at training time is much smaller than the amount of noise in our test data, indicating limitations due to trainability issues. We note that unlike our baseline model, models trained on noisy data are able to generate outputs of proper length even for noisy inputs, while gradually reducing output length for higher amount of noise, as might also be expected from a human translator. We discuss these findings in details and give suggestions for future work.},
	booktitle = {{InterSpeech2017}},
	author = {Sperber, Matthias and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{snover_m._and_dorr_language_2008,
	address = {Honolulu, USA},
	title = {Language and {Translation} {Model} {Adaptation} using {Comparable} {Corpora}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP} 2008)},
	author = {Snover M. {and} Dorr, B. and R, Schwartz},
	year = {2008},
}

@inproceedings{stanojevic_m._and_simaan_fitting_2014,
	address = {Doha, Qatar},
	title = {Fitting {Sentence} {Level} {Translation} {Evaluation} with {Many} {Dense} {Features}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2014 {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing} ({EMNLP})},
	author = {Stanojevic M. {and} Simaan, K},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {202--206},
}

@inproceedings{steedman_m._and_osborne_bootstrapping_2003,
	address = {Budapest, Hungary},
	series = {Eacl 2003},
	title = {Bootstrapping {Statistical} {Parsers} from {Small} {Datasets}},
	doi = {10.3115/1067807.1067851},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th {Conference} of the {European} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({EACL} 2003)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Steedman M. {and} Osborne, M. and A, Sarkar and S, Clark and R, Hwa and J, Hockenmaier and P, Ruhlen and S, Baker and J, Crim},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {331--338},
}

@inproceedings{stolcke_srilm_2002,
	address = {Denver, Colorado, USA},
	title = {{SRILM} Â– {An} {Extensible} {Language} {Modeling} {Toolkit}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {International} {Conference} of {Spoken} {Language} {Processing} ({ICSLP} 2002)},
	author = {Stolcke, A},
	year = {2002},
}

@article{strobelt_h._and_gehrmann_lstmvis:_2018,
	title = {{LSTMVis}: {A} {Tool} for {Visual} {Analysis} of {Hidden} {State} {Dynamics} in {Recurrent} {Neural} {Networks}},
	doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744158},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
	author = {Strobelt H. {and} Gehrmann, S. and H, Pfister and M, Rush A.},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{stroppa_n._and_van_den_bosch_exploiting_2007,
	address = {Sk??vde, Sweden},
	title = {Exploiting {Source} {Similarity} for {SMT} using {Context}-{Informed} {Features}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {International} {Conference} on {Theoretical} and {Methodological} {Issues} in {Machine} {Translation} ({TMI}-07)},
	author = {Stroppa N. {and} van den Bosch, A. and A, Way},
	year = {2007},
}

@article{ueffing_n._and_haffari_semi-supervised_2007,
	title = {Semi-{Supervised} {Model} {Adaptation} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {0922-6567},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Machine Translation},
	author = {Ueffing N. {and} Haffari, G. and A, Sarkar},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {77--94},
}

@inproceedings{van_der_wees_m._and_bisazza_measuring_2016,
	address = {Osaka, Japan},
	title = {Measuring the {Effect} of {Conversational} {Aspects} on {Machine} {Translation} {Quality}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26rd {International} {Conference} on {Computational} {Linguistics} ({COLING} 2016)},
	author = {van der Wees M. {and} Bisazza, A. and C, Monz},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2571--2581},
}

@article{stuker_s._and_herrmann_research_2012,
	title = {Research opportunities in automatic speech-to-speech translation},
	volume = {31},
	number = {3},
	journal = {IEEE Potentials},
	author = {Stüker S. {and} Herrmann, T. and M, Kolss and J, Niehues and M, Wolfel},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {26--33},
}

@article{sutskever_sequence_2014,
	title = {Sequence to {Sequence} {Learning} with {Neural} {Networks}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.3215},
	abstract = {Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are powerful models that have achieved excellent performance on difficult learning tasks. Although DNNs work well whenever large labeled training sets are available, they cannot be used to map sequences to sequences. In this paper, we present a general end-to-end approach to sequence learning that makes minimal assumptions on the sequence structure. Our method uses a multilayered Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to map the input sequence to a vector of a fixed dimensionality, and then another deep LSTM to decode the target sequence from the vector. Our main result is that on an English to French translation task from the WMT'14 dataset, the translations produced by the LSTM achieve a BLEU score of 34.8 on the entire test set, where the LSTM's BLEU score was penalized on out-of-vocabulary words. Additionally, the LSTM did not have difficulty on long sentences. For comparison, a phrase-based SMT system achieves a BLEU score of 33.3 on the same dataset. When we used the LSTM to rerank the 1000 hypotheses produced by the aforementioned SMT system, its BLEU score increases to 36.5, which is close to the previous best result on this task. The LSTM also learned sensible phrase and sentence representations that are sensitive to word order and are relatively invariant to the active and the passive voice. Finally, we found that reversing the order of the words in all source sentences (but not target sentences) improved the LSTM's performance markedly, because doing so introduced many short term dependencies between the source and the target sentence which made the optimization problem easier.},
	journal = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2014},
	author = {Sutskever, Ilya and Vinyals, Oriol and Le, Quoc V.},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {3104--3112},
}

@inproceedings{sutskever_i._and_vinyals_sequence_2014,
	address = {Montreal, Canada},
	title = {Sequence to {Sequence} {Learning} with {Neural} {Networks}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th {International} {Conference} on {Neural} {Information} {Processing} {Systems}},
	author = {Sutskever I. {and} Vinyals, O. and V, Le Q.},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {3104--3112},
}

@article{tam_y-c_and_lane_bilingual_2007,
	title = {Bilingual {LSA}-based adaptation for statistical machine translation},
	volume = {21},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Machine Translation},
	author = {Tam Y-C {and} Lane, I. and T, Schultz},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {187--207},
}

@inproceedings{toutanova_k._and_suzuki_applying_2008,
	address = {Columbus, Ohio},
	title = {Applying {Morphology} {Generation} {Models} to {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 46th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Human} {Language} {Technologies} ({ACL}-{HLP} 2008)},
	author = {Toutanova K. {and} Suzuki, H. and A, Ruopp},
	year = {2008},
}

@article{van_der_maaten_l._and_hinton_visualizing_2008,
	title = {Visualizing {Data} using t-{SNE}},
	volume = {9},
	journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	author = {van der Maaten L. {and} Hinton, G},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {2579--2605},
}

@article{vasilev_a._and_golkov_q-space_2018,
	title = {q-{Space} {Novelty} {Detection} with {Variational} {Autoencoders}},
	volume = {abs/1806.0},
	journal = {CoRR},
	author = {Vasilev A. {and} Golkov, V. and I, Lipp and E, Sgarlata and V, Tomassini and K, Jones D. and D, Cremers},
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{venugopal_a._and_zollman_training_2005,
	address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA},
	title = {Training and {Evaluation} {Error} {Minimization} {Rules} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Workshop} on {Data}-drive {Machine} {Translation} and {Beyond} ({WPT}-05)},
	author = {Venugopal A. {and} Zollman, A. and A, Waibel},
	year = {2005},
}

@inproceedings{vogel_smt_2003,
	address = {Beijing, China},
	title = {{SMT} {Decoder} {Dissected}: {Word} {Reordering}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Natural} {Language} {Processing} and {Knowledge} {Engineering} ({NLP}-{KE} 2003)},
	author = {Vogel, S},
	year = {2003},
}

@inproceedings{wang_character:_2016,
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	title = {{CharacTer}: {Translation} {Edit} {Rate} on {Character} {Level}},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/w16-2342},
	abstract = {Recently, the capability of character-level evaluation measures for machine translation output has been confirmed by several metrics. This work proposes translation edit rate on character level (CharacTER), which calculates the character level edit distance while performing the shift edit on word level. The novel metric shows high system-level correlation with human rankings, especially for morphologically rich languages. It outperforms the strong CHRF by up to 7\% correlation on different metric tasks. In addition, we apply the hypothesis sentence length for normalizing the edit distance in CharacTER, which also provides significant improvements compared to using the reference sentence length.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {First} {Conference} on {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT} 2016)},
	author = {Wang, Weiyue and Peter, Jan-Thorsten and Rosendahl, Hendrik and Ney, Hermann},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {505--510},
}

@inproceedings{weller_m._and_fraser_using_2013,
	address = {Sofia, Bulgaria},
	title = {Using subcategorization knowledge to improve case prediction for translation to {German}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 51st {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} 2013)},
	author = {Weller M. {and} Fraser, A. and S, Schulte im Walde},
	year = {2013},
}

@incollection{vinyals_o._and_fortunato_advances_2015,
	title = {Advances in {Neural} {Information} {Processing} {Systems} 28},
	publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
	author = {Vinyals O. {and} Fortunato, M. and N, Jaitly},
	editor = {Cortes C. {and} Lawrence, N D. and D, Lee D. and M, Sugiyama and R, Garnett},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {2692--2700},
}

@inproceedings{wu_y._and_lu_factored_2012,
	address = {Bombay, India},
	title = {Factored {Language} {Model} based on {Recurrent} {Neural} {Network}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24rd {International} {Conference} on {Computational} {Linguistics} ({COLING} 2012)},
	author = {Wu Y. {and} Lu, X. and H, Yamamoto and S, Matsuda and C, Hori and H, Kashioka},
	year = {2012},
}

@inproceedings{yvon_paradigmatic_1997,
	address = {Madrid, Spain},
	title = {Paradigmatic cascades: a linguistically sound model of pronunciation by analogy},
	doi = {10.3115/976909.979672},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} and {Eighth} {Conference} of the {European} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({ACL} â97/{EACLâ}97)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Yvon, F},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {428--435},
}

@inproceedings{wu_h._and_wang_domain_2008,
	address = {Manchester, UK},
	title = {Domain {Adaptation} for {Statistical} {Machine} {Translation} with {Domain} {Dictionary} and {Monolingual} {Corpora}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd {International} {Conference} on {Computational} {Linguistics} ({COLING} 2008)},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Wu H. {and} Wang, H. and C, Zong},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {993--1000},
}

@inproceedings{xing_d._and_dai_bridged_2007,
	address = {Warsaw, Poland},
	title = {Bridged {Refinement} for {Transfer} {Learning}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {European} {Conference} on {Principles} and {Practice} of {Knowledge} {Discovery} in {Databases} ({PKDD} 2007)(},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Xing D. {and} Dai, W. and G-R, Xue and Y, Yu},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {324--335},
}

@book{young_pomdp-based_2013,
	title = {{POMDP}-based statistical spoken dialog systems: {A} review},
	volume = {101},
	abstract = {Statistical dialog systems (SDSs) are motivated by the need for a data-driven framework that reduces the cost of laboriously handcrafting complex dialog managers and that provides robustness against the errors created by speech recognizers operating in noisy environments. By including an explicit Bayesian model of uncertainty and by optimizing the policy via a reward-driven process, partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide such a framework. However, exact model representation and optimization is computationally intractable. Hence, the practical application of POMDP-based systems requires efficient algorithms and carefully constructed approximations. This review article provides an overview of the current state of the art in the development of POMDP-based spoken dialog systems.},
	number = {5},
	publisher = {Ieee},
	author = {Young, Steve and Gašić, Milica and Thomson, Blaise and Williams, Jason D.},
	year = {2013},
	doi = {10.1109/JPROC.2012.2225812},
	keywords = {Belief monitoring, partially observable Markov decision process (POMD, policy optimization, reinforcement learning, spoken dialog systems (SDSs)},
}

@inproceedings{yu_k._and_tsujii_bilingual_2009,
	address = {Ottawa, Canada},
	title = {Bilingual {Dictionary} {Extraction} from {Wikipedia}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings {The} {Twelfth} {Machine} {Translation} {Summit} ({MT} {Summit} {XII})},
	author = {Yu K. {and} Tsujii, J},
	year = {2009},
}

@article{zhang_integrating_2016,
	title = {Integrating {Encyclopedic} {Knowledge} into {Neural} {Language} {Models}},
	url = {http://workshop2016.iwslt.org/downloads/IWSLT_2016_paper_1.pdf},
	journal = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT)},
	author = {Zhang, Yang and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex},
	year = {2016},
}

@techreport{zhu_semi-supervised_2006,
	title = {Semi-supervised learning literature survey},
	author = {Zhu, X},
	year = {2006},
}

@article{ott_fairseq:_2019,
	title = {fairseq: {A} {Fast}, {Extensible} {Toolkit} for {Sequence} {Modeling}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01038},
	abstract = {fairseq is an open-source sequence modeling toolkit that allows researchers and developers to train custom models for translation, summarization, language modeling, and other text generation tasks. The toolkit is based on PyTorch and supports distributed training across multiple GPUs and machines. We also support fast mixed-precision training and inference on modern GPUs. A demo video can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtgDdWtHvto},
	author = {Ott, Myle and Edunov, Sergey and Baevski, Alexei and Fan, Angela and Gross, Sam and Ng, Nathan and Grangier, David and Auli, Michael},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
}

@article{paszke_automatic_2017,
	title = {Automatic differentiation in {PyTorch}},
	url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=BJJsrmfCZ},
	abstract = {In this article, we describe an automatic differentiation module of PyTorch — a library designed to enable rapid research on machine learning models. It builds upon a few projects, most notably Lua...},
	author = {Paszke, Adam and Gross, Sam and Chintala, Soumith and Chanan, Gregory and Yang, Edward and DeVito, Zachary and Lin, Zeming and Desmaison, Alban and Antiga, Luca and Lerer, Adam},
	year = {2017},
}

@article{lample_phrase-based_2018,
	title = {Phrase-{Based} \& {Neural} {Unsupervised} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.07755},
	abstract = {Machine translation systems achieve near human-level performance on some languages, yet their effectiveness strongly relies on the availability of large amounts of parallel sentences, which hinders their applicability to the majority of language pairs. This work investigates how to learn to translate when having access to only large monolingual corpora in each language. We propose two model variants, a neural and a phrase-based model. Both versions leverage a careful initialization of the parameters, the denoising effect of language models and automatic generation of parallel data by iterative back-translation. These models are significantly better than methods from the literature, while being simpler and having fewer hyper-parameters. On the widely used WMT'14 English-French and WMT'16 German-English benchmarks, our models respectively obtain 28.1 and 25.2 BLEU points without using a single parallel sentence, outperforming the state of the art by more than 11 BLEU points. On low-resource languages like English-Urdu and English-Romanian, our methods achieve even better results than semi-supervised and supervised approaches leveraging the paucity of available bitexts. Our code for NMT and PBSMT is publicly available.},
	author = {Lample, Guillaume and Ott, Myle and Conneau, Alexis and Denoyer, Ludovic and Ranzato, Marc'Aurelio},
	month = apr,
	year = {2018},
}

@article{kudo_subword_2018,
	title = {Subword {Regularization}: {Improving} {Neural} {Network} {Translation} {Models} with {Multiple} {Subword} {Candidates}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.10959},
	abstract = {Subword units are an effective way to alleviate the open vocabulary problems in neural machine translation (NMT). While sentences are usually converted into unique subword sequences, subword segmentation is potentially ambiguous and multiple segmentations are possible even with the same vocabulary. The question addressed in this paper is whether it is possible to harness the segmentation ambiguity as a noise to improve the robustness of NMT. We present a simple regularization method, subword regularization, which trains the model with multiple subword segmentations probabilistically sampled during training. In addition, for better subword sampling, we propose a new subword segmentation algorithm based on a unigram language model. We experiment with multiple corpora and report consistent improvements especially on low resource and out-of-domain settings.},
	author = {Kudo, Taku},
	month = apr,
	year = {2018},
}

@article{liu_revision_2019,
	title = {Revision in {Continuous} {Space}: {Fine}-{Grained} {Control} of {Text} {Style} {Transfer}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.12304},
	abstract = {Typical methods for unsupervised text style transfer often rely on two key ingredients: 1) seeking for the disentanglement of the content and the attributes, and 2) troublesome adversarial learning. In this paper, we show that neither of these components is indispensable. We propose a new framework without them and instead consists of three key components: a variational auto-encoder (VAE), some attribute predictors (one for each attribute), and a content predictor. The VAE and the two types of predictors enable us to perform gradient-based optimization in the continuous space, which is mapped from sentences in a discrete space, to find the representation of a target sentence with the desired attributes and preserved content. Moreover, the proposed method can, for the first time, simultaneously manipulate multiple fine-grained attributes, such as sentence length and the presence of specific words, in synergy when performing text style transfer tasks. Extensive experimental studies on three popular text style transfer tasks show that the proposed method significantly outperforms five state-of-the-art methods.},
	author = {Liu, Dayiheng and Fu, Jie and Zhang, Yidan and Pal, Chris and Lv, Jiancheng},
	month = may,
	year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{bojar_findings_2018,
	address = {Belgium, Brussels},
	title = {Findings of the 2018 {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation} ({WMT18})},
	url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6401},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Third} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}, {Volume} 2: {Shared} {Task} {Papers}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Bojar, O. and Federmann, C. and Fishel, M. and Graham, Y. and Haddow, B. and Huck, M. and Koehn, P. and Monz, C.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {272--307},
}

@article{costa-jussa_character-based_2016,
	title = {Character-based {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.00810},
	abstract = {Neural Machine Translation (MT) has reached state-of-the-art results. However, one of the main challenges that neural MT still faces is dealing with very large vocabularies and morphologically rich languages. In this paper, we propose a neural MT system using character-based embeddings in combination with convolutional and highway layers to replace the standard lookup-based word representations. The resulting unlimited-vocabulary and affix-aware source word embeddings are tested in a state-of-the-art neural MT based on an attention-based bidirectional recurrent neural network. The proposed MT scheme provides improved results even when the source language is not morphologically rich. Improvements up to 3 BLEU points are obtained in the German-English WMT task.},
	author = {Costa-Jussà, Marta R. and Fonollosa, José A. R.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{guzman_two_2019,
	title = {Two {New} {Evaluation} {Datasets} for {Low}-{Resource} {Machine} {Translation}: {Nepali}-{English} and {Sinhala}-{English}},
	booktitle = {{arXiv} preprint {arXiv}:1902.01382},
	author = {Guzmán, Francisco and Chen, Peng-Jen and Ott, Myle and Pino, Juan and Lample, Guillaume and Koehn, Philipp and Chaudhary, Vishrav and Ranzato, Marc'Aurelio},
	year = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{kunchukuttan_iit_2018,
	address = {Miyazaki, Japan},
	title = {The \{{IIT}\} \{{B}\}ombay \{{E}\}nglish-\{{H}\}indi {Parallel} {Corpus}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/L18-1548},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eleventh} {International} {Conference} on {Language} {Resources} and {Evaluation} (\{{LREC}\}-2018)},
	publisher = {European Languages Resources Association (ELRA)},
	author = {Kunchukuttan, Anoop and Mehta, Pratik and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak},
	month = may,
	year = {2018},
}

@article{aharoni_massively_2019,
	title = {Massively {Multilingual} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00089},
	abstract = {Multilingual neural machine translation (NMT) enables training a single model that supports translation from multiple source languages into multiple target languages. In this paper, we push the limits of multilingual NMT in terms of number of languages being used. We perform extensive experiments in training massively multilingual NMT models, translating up to 102 languages to and from English within a single model. We explore different setups for training such models and analyze the trade-offs between translation quality and various modeling decisions. We report results on the publicly available TED talks multilingual corpus where we show that massively multilingual many-to-many models are effective in low resource settings, outperforming the previous state-of-the-art while supporting up to 59 languages. Our experiments on a large-scale dataset with 102 languages to and from English and up to one million examples per direction also show promising results, surpassing strong bilingual baselines and encouraging future work on massively multilingual NMT.},
	author = {Aharoni, Roee and Johnson, Melvin and Firat, Orhan},
	month = feb,
	year = {2019},
}

@article{lu_neural_2018,
	title = {A neural interlingua for multilingual machine translation},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08198},
	abstract = {We incorporate an explicit neural interlingua into a multilingual encoder-decoder neural machine translation (NMT) architecture. We demonstrate that our model learns a language-independent representation by performing direct zero-shot translation (without using pivot translation), and by using the source sentence embeddings to create an English Yelp review classifier that, through the mediation of the neural interlingua, can also classify French and German reviews. Furthermore, we show that, despite using a smaller number of parameters than a pairwise collection of bilingual NMT models, our approach produces comparable BLEU scores for each language pair in WMT15.},
	author = {Lu, Yichao and Keung, Phillip and Ladhak, Faisal and Bhardwaj, Vikas and Zhang, Shaonan and Sun, Jason},
	month = apr,
	year = {2018},
}

@article{sachan_parameter_2018,
	title = {Parameter {Sharing} {Methods} for {Multilingual} {Self}-{Attentional} {Translation} {Models}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.00252},
	abstract = {In multilingual neural machine translation, it has been shown that sharing a single translation model between multiple languages can achieve competitive performance, sometimes even leading to performance gains over bilingually trained models. However, these improvements are not uniform; often multilingual parameter sharing results in a decrease in accuracy due to translation models not being able to accommodate different languages in their limited parameter space. In this work, we examine parameter sharing techniques that strike a happy medium between full sharing and individual training, specifically focusing on the self-attentional Transformer model. We find that the full parameter sharing approach leads to increases in BLEU scores mainly when the target languages are from a similar language family. However, even in the case where target languages are from different families where full parameter sharing leads to a noticeable drop in BLEU scores, our proposed methods for partial sharing of parameters can lead to substantial improvements in translation accuracy.},
	author = {Sachan, Devendra Singh and Neubig, Graham},
	month = sep,
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{neubig_rapid_2018,
	address = {Brussels, Belgium},
	title = {Rapid {Adaptation} of {Neural} {Machine} {Translation} to {New} {Languages}},
	url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1103},
	abstract = {This paper examines the problem of adapting neural machine translation systems to new, low-resourced languages (LRLs) as effectively and rapidly as possible. We propose methods based on starting with massively multilingual \{“\}seed models\{”\}, which can be trained ahead-of-time, and then continuing training on data related to the LRL. We contrast a number of strategies, leading to a novel, simple, yet effective method of \{“\}similar-language regularization\{”\}, where we jointly train on both a LRL of interest and a similar high-resourced language to prevent over-fitting to small LRL data. Experiments demonstrate that massively multilingual models, even without any explicit adaptation, are surprisingly effective, achieving BLEU scores of up to 15.5 with no data from the LRL, and that the proposed similar-language regularization method improves over other adaptation methods by 1.7 BLEU points average over 4 LRL settings.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Neubig, Graham and Hu, Junjie},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {875--880},
}

@article{malaviya_learning_2017,
	title = {Learning {Language} {Representations} for {Typology} {Prediction}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.09569},
	abstract = {One central mystery of neural NLP is what neural models "know" about their subject matter. When a neural machine translation system learns to translate from one language to another, does it learn the syntax or semantics of the languages? Can this knowledge be extracted from the system to fill holes in human scientific knowledge? Existing typological databases contain relatively full feature specifications for only a few hundred languages. Exploiting the existence of parallel texts in more than a thousand languages, we build a massive many-to-one neural machine translation (NMT) system from 1017 languages into English, and use this to predict information missing from typological databases. Experiments show that the proposed method is able to infer not only syntactic, but also phonological and phonetic inventory features, and improves over a baseline that has access to information about the languages' geographic and phylogenetic neighbors.},
	author = {Malaviya, Chaitanya and Neubig, Graham and Littell, Patrick},
	month = jul,
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{levin_uriel_2017,
	title = {{URIEL} and lang2vec: {Representing} languages as typological, geographical, and phylogenetic vectors},
	booktitle = {{EACL}},
	author = {Levin, Lori S and Littell, Patrick and Mortensen, David R and Lin, Ke and Kairis, Katherine and Turner, Carlisle},
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{rush_neural_2015,
	title = {A {Neural} {Attention} {Model} for {Abstractive} {Sentence} {Summarization}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.00685 http://aclweb.org/anthology/D15-1044},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/D15-1044},
	abstract = {Summarization based on text extraction is inherently limited, but generation-style abstractive methods have proven challenging to build. In this work, we propose a fully data-driven approach to abstractive sentence summarization. Our method utilizes a local attention-based model that generates each word of the summary conditioned on the input sentence. While the model is structurally simple, it can easily be trained end-to-end and scales to a large amount of training data. The model shows significant performance gains on the DUC-2004 shared task compared with several strong baselines.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 {Conference} on {Empirical} {Methods} in {Natural} {Language} {Processing}},
	author = {Rush, Alexander M. and Chopra, Sumit and Weston, Jason},
	month = sep,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {379--389},
}

@inproceedings{gehring_convolutional_2017,
	title = {A {Convolutional} {Encoder} {Model} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.02344 http://aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1012},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/P17-1012},
	abstract = {The prevalent approach to neural machine translation relies on bi-directional LSTMs to encode the source sentence. In this paper we present a faster and simpler architecture based on a succession of convolutional layers. This allows to encode the entire source sentence simultaneously compared to recurrent networks for which computation is constrained by temporal dependencies. On WMT'16 English-Romanian translation we achieve competitive accuracy to the state-of-the-art and we outperform several recently published results on the WMT'15 English-German task. Our models obtain almost the same accuracy as a very deep LSTM setup on WMT'14 English-French translation. Our convolutional encoder speeds up CPU decoding by more than two times at the same or higher accuracy as a strong bi-directional LSTM baseline.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({Volume} 1: {Long} {Papers})},
	author = {Gehring, Jonas and Auli, Michael and Grangier, David and Dauphin, Yann},
	month = nov,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {123--135},
}

@article{vinyals_neural_2015,
	title = {A {Neural} {Conversational} {Model}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.05869},
	abstract = {Conversational modeling is an important task in natural language understanding and machine intelligence. Although previous approaches exist, they are often restricted to specific domains (e.g., booking an airline ticket) and require hand-crafted rules. In this paper, we present a simple approach for this task which uses the recently proposed sequence to sequence framework. Our model converses by predicting the next sentence given the previous sentence or sentences in a conversation. The strength of our model is that it can be trained end-to-end and thus requires much fewer hand-crafted rules. We find that this straightforward model can generate simple conversations given a large conversational training dataset. Our preliminary results suggest that, despite optimizing the wrong objective function, the model is able to converse well. It is able extract knowledge from both a domain specific dataset, and from a large, noisy, and general domain dataset of movie subtitles. On a domain-specific IT helpdesk dataset, the model can find a solution to a technical problem via conversations. On a noisy open-domain movie transcript dataset, the model can perform simple forms of common sense reasoning. As expected, we also find that the lack of consistency is a common failure mode of our model.},
	author = {Vinyals, Oriol and Le, Quoc},
	month = jun,
	year = {2015},
}

@article{sutskever_sequence_2014,
	title = {Sequence to {Sequence} {Learning} with {Neural} {Networks}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.3215},
	abstract = {Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are powerful models that have achieved excellent performance on difficult learning tasks. Although DNNs work well whenever large labeled training sets are available, they cannot be used to map sequences to sequences. In this paper, we present a general end-to-end approach to sequence learning that makes minimal assumptions on the sequence structure. Our method uses a multilayered Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to map the input sequence to a vector of a fixed dimensionality, and then another deep LSTM to decode the target sequence from the vector. Our main result is that on an English to French translation task from the WMT'14 dataset, the translations produced by the LSTM achieve a BLEU score of 34.8 on the entire test set, where the LSTM's BLEU score was penalized on out-of-vocabulary words. Additionally, the LSTM did not have difficulty on long sentences. For comparison, a phrase-based SMT system achieves a BLEU score of 33.3 on the same dataset. When we used the LSTM to rerank the 1000 hypotheses produced by the aforementioned SMT system, its BLEU score increases to 36.5, which is close to the previous best result on this task. The LSTM also learned sensible phrase and sentence representations that are sensitive to word order and are relatively invariant to the active and the passive voice. Finally, we found that reversing the order of the words in all source sentences (but not target sentences) improved the LSTM's performance markedly, because doing so introduced many short term dependencies between the source and the target sentence which made the optimization problem easier.},
	author = {Sutskever, Ilya and Vinyals, Oriol and Le, Quoc V.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2014},
}

@article{collobert_natural_2011,
	title = {Natural {Language} {Processing} (almost) from {Scratch}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1103.0398},
	abstract = {We propose a unified neural network architecture and learning algorithm that can be applied to various natural language processing tasks including: part-of-speech tagging, chunking, named entity recognition, and semantic role labeling. This versatility is achieved by trying to avoid task-specific engineering and therefore disregarding a lot of prior knowledge. Instead of exploiting man-made input features carefully optimized for each task, our system learns internal representations on the basis of vast amounts of mostly unlabeled training data. This work is then used as a basis for building a freely available tagging system with good performance and minimal computational requirements.},
	author = {Collobert, Ronan and Weston, Jason and Bottou, Leon and Karlen, Michael and Kavukcuoglu, Koray and Kuksa, Pavel},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
}

@book{mikolov_distributed_2013,
	title = {Distributed {Representations} of {Words} and {Phrases} and their {Compositionality}},
	url = {https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5021-distributed-representations-of-words-and-phrases-and-their-compositionality},
	author = {Mikolov, Tomas and Sutskever, Ilya and Chen, Kai and Corrado, Greg S. and Dean, Jeff},
	year = {2013},
}

@article{devlin_bert:_2018,
	title = {{BERT}: {Pre}-training of {Deep} {Bidirectional} {Transformers} for {Language} {Understanding}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805},
	abstract = {We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models, BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional representations from unlabeled text by jointly conditioning on both left and right context in all layers. As a result, the pre-trained BERT model can be fine-tuned with just one additional output layer to create state-of-the-art models for a wide range of tasks, such as question answering and language inference, without substantial task-specific architecture modifications. BERT is conceptually simple and empirically powerful. It obtains new state-of-the-art results on eleven natural language processing tasks, including pushing the GLUE score to 80.5\% (7.7\% point absolute improvement), MultiNLI accuracy to 86.7\% (4.6\% absolute improvement), SQuAD v1.1 question answering Test F1 to 93.2 (1.5 point absolute improvement) and SQuAD v2.0 Test F1 to 83.1 (5.1 point absolute improvement).},
	author = {Devlin, Jacob and Chang, Ming-Wei and Lee, Kenton and Toutanova, Kristina},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
}

@article{bojanowski_enriching_2016,
	title = {Enriching {Word} {Vectors} with {Subword} {Information}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.04606},
	abstract = {Continuous word representations, trained on large unlabeled corpora are useful for many natural language processing tasks. Popular models that learn such representations ignore the morphology of words, by assigning a distinct vector to each word. This is a limitation, especially for languages with large vocabularies and many rare words. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on the skipgram model, where each word is represented as a bag of character \$n\$-grams. A vector representation is associated to each character \$n\$-gram; words being represented as the sum of these representations. Our method is fast, allowing to train models on large corpora quickly and allows us to compute word representations for words that did not appear in the training data. We evaluate our word representations on nine different languages, both on word similarity and analogy tasks. By comparing to recently proposed morphological word representations, we show that our vectors achieve state-of-the-art performance on these tasks.},
	author = {Bojanowski, Piotr and Grave, Edouard and Joulin, Armand and Mikolov, Tomas},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
}

@article{kaiser_one_2017,
	title = {One {Model} {To} {Learn} {Them} {All}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.05137},
	abstract = {Deep learning yields great results across many fields, from speech recognition, image classification, to translation. But for each problem, getting a deep model to work well involves research into the architecture and a long period of tuning. We present a single model that yields good results on a number of problems spanning multiple domains. In particular, this single model is trained concurrently on ImageNet, multiple translation tasks, image captioning (COCO dataset), a speech recognition corpus, and an English parsing task. Our model architecture incorporates building blocks from multiple domains. It contains convolutional layers, an attention mechanism, and sparsely-gated layers. Each of these computational blocks is crucial for a subset of the tasks we train on. Interestingly, even if a block is not crucial for a task, we observe that adding it never hurts performance and in most cases improves it on all tasks. We also show that tasks with less data benefit largely from joint training with other tasks, while performance on large tasks degrades only slightly if at all.},
	author = {Kaiser, Lukasz and Gomez, Aidan N. and Shazeer, Noam and Vaswani, Ashish and Parmar, Niki and Jones, Llion and Uszkoreit, Jakob},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{zoph_transfer_2016,
	title = {Transfer {Learning} for {Low}-{Resource} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.02201},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/d16-1163},
	abstract = {The encoder-decoder framework for neural machine translation (NMT) has been shown effective in large data scenarios, but is much less effective for low-resource languages. We present a transfer learning method that significantly improves Bleu scores across a range of low-resource languages. Our key idea is to first train a high-resource language pair (the parent model), then transfer some of the learned parameters to the low-resource pair (the child model) to initialize and constrain training. Using our transfer learning method we improve baseline NMT models by an average of 5.6 Bleu on four low-resource language pairs. Ensembling and unknown word replacement add another 2 Bleu which brings the NMT performance on low-resource machine translation close to a strong syntax based machine translation (SBMT) system, exceeding its performance on one language pair. Additionally, using the transfer learning model for re-scoring, we can improve the SBMT system by an average of 1.3 Bleu, improving the state-of-the-art on low-resource machine translation.},
	author = {Zoph, Barret and Yuret, Deniz and May, Jonathan and Knight, Kevin},
	month = apr,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1568--1575},
}

@article{gu_meta-learning_2018,
	title = {Meta-{Learning} for {Low}-{Resource} {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1808.08437},
	abstract = {In this paper, we propose to extend the recently introduced model-agnostic meta-learning algorithm (MAML) for low-resource neural machine translation (NMT). We frame low-resource translation as a meta-learning problem, and we learn to adapt to low-resource languages based on multilingual high-resource language tasks. We use the universal lexical representation∼\${\textbackslash}backslash\$citep\{gu2018universal\} to overcome the input-output mismatch across different languages. We evaluate the proposed meta-learning strategy using eighteen European languages (Bg, Cs, Da, De, El, Es, Et, Fr, Hu, It, Lt, Nl, Pl, Pt, Sk, Sl, Sv and Ru) as source tasks and five diverse languages (Ro, Lv, Fi, Tr and Ko) as target tasks. We show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the multilingual, transfer learning based approach∼\${\textbackslash}backslash\$citep\{zoph2016transfer\} and enables us to train a competitive NMT system with only a fraction of training examples. For instance, the proposed approach can achieve as high as 22.04 BLEU on Romanian-English WMT'16 by seeing only 16,000 translated words (∼600 parallel sentences).},
	author = {Gu, Jiatao and Wang, Yong and Chen, Yun and Cho, Kyunghyun and Li, Victor O. K.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2018},
}

@article{lin_rouge:_2004,
	title = {Rouge: {A} package for automatic evaluation of summaries},
	url = {papers2://publication/uuid/5DDA0BB8-E59F-44C1-88E6-2AD316DAEF85},
	abstract = {ROUGE stands for Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation. It includes measures to auto- matically determine the quality of a summary by comparing it to other (ideal) summaries created by humans. The measures count the number of over- lapping units such as n-gram, word sequences, and word pairs between the computer-generated sum- mary to be evaluated and the ideal summaries cre- ated by humans. This paper introduces four different ROUGE measures: ROUGE-N, ROUGE-L, ROUGE-W, and ROUGE-S included in the ROUGE summariza- tion evaluation package and their evaluatio ns. Three of them have been used in the Document Under- standing\${\textbackslash}backslash\$tConference\${\textbackslash}backslash\$t(DUC)\${\textbackslash}backslash\$t2004,\${\textbackslash}backslash\$ta\${\textbackslash}backslash\$tlarge -scale summarization evaluation sponsored by NIST.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Proceedings of the workshop on text summarization branches out (WAS 2004)},
	author = {Lin, C Y},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {25--26},
}

@article{schulz_stochastic_2019,
	title = {A {Stochastic} {Decoder} for {Neural} {Machine} {Translation}},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/p18-1115},
	abstract = {The process of translation is ambiguous, in that there are typically many valid trans- lations for a given sentence. This gives rise to significant variation in parallel cor- pora, however, most current models of machine translation do not account for this variation, instead treating the prob- lem as a deterministic process. To this end, we present a deep generative model of machine translation which incorporates a chain of latent variables, in order to ac- count for local lexical and syntactic varia- tion in parallel corpora. We provide an in- depth analysis of the pitfalls encountered in variational inference for training deep generative models. Experiments on sev- eral different language pairs demonstrate that the model consistently improves over strong baselines.},
	journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.10844},
	author = {Schulz, Philip and Aziz, Wilker and Cohn, Trevor},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1243--1252},
}

@article{hassan_achieving_2018,
	title = {Achieving {Human} {Parity} on {Automatic} {Chinese} to {English} {News} {Translation}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05567},
	abstract = {Machine translation has made rapid advances in recent years. Millions of people are using it today in online translation systems and mobile applications in order to communicate across language barriers. The question naturally arises whether such systems can approach or achieve parity with human translations. In this paper, we first address the problem of how to define and accurately measure human parity in translation. We then describe Microsoft's machine translation system and measure the quality of its translations on the widely used WMT 2017 news translation task from Chinese to English. We find that our latest neural machine translation system has reached a new state-of-the-art, and that the translation quality is at human parity when compared to professional human translations. We also find that it significantly exceeds the quality of crowd-sourced non-professional translations.},
	author = {Hassan, Hany and Aue, Anthony and Chen, Chang and Chowdhary, Vishal and Clark, Jonathan and Federmann, Christian and Huang, Xuedong and Junczys-Dowmunt, Marcin and Lewis, William and Li, Mu and Liu, Shujie and Liu, Tie-Yan and Luo, Renqian and Menezes, Arul and Qin, Tao and Seide, Frank and Tan, Xu and Tian, Fei and Wu, Lijun and Wu, Shuangzhi and Xia, Yingce and Zhang, Dongdong and Zhang, Zhirui and Zhou, Ming},
	month = mar,
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{wen_network-based_2017,
	title = {A {Network}-based {End}-to-{End} {Trainable} {Task}-oriented {Dialogue} {System}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.04562 http://aclweb.org/anthology/E17-1042},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/E17-1042},
	abstract = {Teaching machines to accomplish tasks by conversing naturally with humans is challenging. Currently, developing task-oriented dialogue systems requires creating multiple components and typically this involves either a large amount of handcrafting, or acquiring costly labelled datasets to solve a statistical learning problem for each component. In this work we introduce a neural network-based text-in, text-out end-to-end trainable goal-oriented dialogue system along with a new way of collecting dialogue data based on a novel pipe-lined Wizard-of-Oz framework. This approach allows us to develop dialogue systems easily and without making too many assumptions about the task at hand. The results show that the model can converse with human subjects naturally whilst helping them to accomplish tasks in a restaurant search domain.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {Conference} of the {European} {Chapter} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics}: {Volume} 1, {Long} {Papers}},
	author = {Wen, Tsung-Hsien and Vandyke, David and Mrkšić, Nikola and Gasic, Milica and Rojas Barahona, Lina M. and Su, Pei-Hao and Ultes, Stefan and Young, Steve},
	month = apr,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {438--449},
}

@inproceedings{zhao_towards_2016,
	title = {Towards {End}-to-{End} {Learning} for {Dialog} {State} {Tracking} and {Management} using {Deep} {Reinforcement} {Learning}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.02560 http://aclweb.org/anthology/W16-3601},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/W16-3601},
	abstract = {This paper presents an end-to-end framework for task-oriented dialog systems using a variant of Deep Recurrent Q-Networks (DRQN). The model is able to interface with a relational database and jointly learn policies for both language understanding and dialog strategy. Moreover, we propose a hybrid algorithm that combines the strength of reinforcement learning and supervised learning to achieve faster learning speed. We evaluated the proposed model on a 20 Question Game conversational game simulator. Results show that the proposed method outperforms the modular-based baseline and learns a distributed representation of the latent dialog state.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Special} {Interest} {Group} on {Discourse} and {Dialogue}},
	author = {Zhao, Tiancheng and Eskenazi, Maxine},
	month = jun,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1--10},
}

@inproceedings{stanojevic_alternative_2017,
	address = {Stroudsburg, PA, USA},
	title = {Alternative {Objective} {Functions} for {Training} {MT} {Evaluation} {Metrics}},
	url = {http://aclweb.org/anthology/P17-2004},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/p17-2004},
	abstract = {MT evaluation metrics are tested for cor-relation with human judgments either at the sentence-or the corpus-level. Trained metrics ignore corpus-level judgments and are trained for high sentence-level correla-tion only. We show that training only for one objective (sentence or corpus level), can not only harm the performance on the other objective, but it can also be subopti-mal for the objective being optimized. To this end we present a metric trained for corpus-level and show empirical compar-ison against a metric trained for sentence-level exemplifying how their performance may vary per language pair, type and level of judgment. Subsequently we propose a model trained to optimize both objectives simultaneously and show that it is far more stable than–and on average outperforms– both models on both objectives.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Association} for {Computational} {Linguistics} ({Volume} 2: {Short} {Papers})},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Stanojević, Miloš and Sima'an, Khalil},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {20--25},
}

@article{finn_model-agnostic_2017,
	title = {Model-{Agnostic} {Meta}-{Learning} for {Fast} {Adaptation} of {Deep} {Networks}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1703.03400},
	abstract = {We propose an algorithm for meta-learning that is model-agnostic, in the sense that it is compatible with any model trained with gradient descent and applicable to a variety of different learning problems, including classification, regression, and reinforcement learning. The goal of meta-learning is to train a model on a variety of learning tasks, such that it can solve new learning tasks using only a small number of training samples. In our approach, the parameters of the model are explicitly trained such that a small number of gradient steps with a small amount of training data from a new task will produce good generalization performance on that task. In effect, our method trains the model to be easy to fine-tune. We demonstrate that this approach leads to state-of-the-art performance on two few-shot image classification benchmarks, produces good results on few-shot regression, and accelerates fine-tuning for policy gradient reinforcement learning with neural network policies.},
	author = {Finn, Chelsea and Abbeel, Pieter and Levine, Sergey},
	month = mar,
	year = {2017},
}

@inproceedings{he_deep_2016,
	title = {Deep residual learning for image recognition},
	volume = {2016-Decem},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-8850-4},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7780459/},
	doi = {10.1109/CVPR.2016.90},
	abstract = {Deeper neural networks are more difficult to train. We present a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously. We explicitly reformulate the layers as learning residual functions with reference to the layer inputs, instead of learning unreferenced functions. We provide comprehensive empirical evidence showing that these residual networks are easier to optimize, and can gain accuracy from considerably increased depth. On the ImageNet dataset we evaluate residual nets with a depth of up to 152 layers—8x deeper than VGG nets but still having lower complexity. An ensemble of these residual nets achieves 3.57\% error on the ImageNet test set. This result won the 1st place on the ILSVRC 2015 classification task. We also present analysis on CIFAR-10 with 100 and 1000 layers. The depth of representations is of central importance for many visual recognition tasks. Solely due to our extremely deep representations, we obtain a 28\% relative improvement on the COCO object detection dataset. Deep residual nets are foundations of our submissions to ILSVRC \& COCO 2015 competitions, where we also won the 1st places on the tasks of ImageNet detection, ImageNet localization, COCO detection, and COCO segmentation.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} {Computer} {Society} {Conference} on {Computer} {Vision} and {Pattern} {Recognition}},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	author = {He, Kaiming and Zhang, Xiangyu and Ren, Shaoqing and Sun, Jian},
	month = jun,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {770--778},
}

@inproceedings{chan_listen_2016,
	title = {Listen, attend and spell: {A} neural network for large vocabulary conversational speech recognition},
	doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2016.7472621},
	booktitle = {2016 {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Acoustics}, {Speech} and {Signal} {Processing} ({ICASSP})},
	author = {Chan, W and Jaitly, N and Le, Q and Vinyals, O},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {channel bank filters, decoding, encoding, hidden Mark},
	pages = {4960--4964},
}

@inproceedings{antol_vqa:_2015,
	title = {{VQA}: {Visual} question answering},
	volume = {2015 Inter},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-8391-2},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.00468},
	doi = {10.1109/ICCV.2015.279},
	abstract = {We propose the task of free-form and open-ended Visual Question Answering (VQA). Given an image and a natural language question about the image, the task is to provide an accurate natural language answer. Mirroring real-world scenarios, such as helping the visually impaired, both the questions and answers are open-ended. Visual questions selectively target different areas of an image, including background details and underlying context. As a result, a system that succeeds at VQA typically needs a more detailed understanding of the image and complex reasoning than a system producing generic image captions. Moreover, VQA is amenable to automatic evaluation, since many open-ended answers contain only a few words or a closed set of answers that can be provided in a multiple-choice format. We provide a dataset containing ∼0.25M images, ∼0.76M questions, and ∼10M answers (www.visualqa.org), and discuss the information it provides. Numerous baselines and methods for VQA are provided and compared with human performance. Our VQA demo is available on CloudCV (http://cloudcv.org/vqa).},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Computer} {Vision}},
	author = {Antol, Stanislaw and Agrawal, Aishwarya and Lu, Jiasen and Mitchell, Margaret and Batra, Dhruv and Zitnick, C. Lawrence and Parikh, Devi},
	month = may,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {2425--2433},
}

@inproceedings{shimanaka_ruse:_2019,
	address = {Stroudsburg, PA, USA},
	title = {{RUSE}: {Regressor} {Using} {Sentence} {Embeddings} for {Automatic} {Machine} {Translation} {Evaluation}},
	url = {http://aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6456},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/w18-6456},
	abstract = {We introduce the RUSE 1 metric for the WMT18 metrics shared task. Sentence em-beddings can capture global information that cannot be captured by local features based on character or word N-grams. Although training sentence embeddings using small-scale translation datasets with manual evaluation is difficult, sentence embeddings trained from large-scale data in other tasks can improve the automatic evaluation of machine translation. We use a multi-layer perceptron re-gressor based on three types of sentence em-beddings. The experimental results of the WMT16 and WMT17 datasets show that the RUSE metric achieves a state-of-the-art performance in both segment-and system-level metrics tasks with embedding features only.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Third} {Conference} on {Machine} {Translation}: {Shared} {Task} {Papers}},
	publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	author = {Shimanaka, Hiroki and Kajiwara, Tomoyuki and Komachi, Mamoru},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {751--758},
}

@article{lample_cross-lingual_2019,
	title = {Cross-lingual {Language} {Model} {Pretraining}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07291},
	abstract = {Recent studies have demonstrated the efficiency of generative pretraining for English natural language understanding. In this work, we extend this approach to multiple languages and show the effectiveness of cross-lingual pretraining. We propose two methods to learn cross-lingual language models (XLMs): one unsupervised that only relies on monolingual data, and one supervised that leverages parallel data with a new cross-lingual language model objective. We obtain state-of-the-art results on cross-lingual classification, unsupervised and supervised machine translation. On XNLI, our approach pushes the state of the art by an absolute gain of 4.9\% accuracy. On unsupervised machine translation, we obtain 34.3 BLEU on WMT'16 German-English, improving the previous state of the art by more than 9 BLEU. On supervised machine translation, we obtain a new state of the art of 38.5 BLEU on WMT'16 Romanian-English, outperforming the previous best approach by more than 4 BLEU. Our code and pretrained models will be made publicly available.},
	author = {Lample, Guillaume and Conneau, Alexis},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
}

@article{devlin_bert:_2018-1,
	title = {{BERT}: {Pre}-training of {Deep} {Bidirectional} {Transformers} for {Language} {Understanding}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805},
	abstract = {We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models, BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional representations from unlabeled text by jointly conditioning on both left and right context in all layers. As a result, the pre-trained BERT model can be fine-tuned with just one additional output layer to create state-of-the-art models for a wide range of tasks, such as question answering and language inference, without substantial task-specific architecture modifications. BERT is conceptually simple and empirically powerful. It obtains new state-of-the-art results on eleven natural language processing tasks, including pushing the GLUE score to 80.5\% (7.7\% point absolute improvement), MultiNLI accuracy to 86.7\% (4.6\% absolute improvement), SQuAD v1.1 question answering Test F1 to 93.2 (1.5 point absolute improvement) and SQuAD v2.0 Test F1 to 83.1 (5.1 point absolute improvement).},
	author = {Devlin, Jacob and Chang, Ming-Wei and Lee, Kenton and Toutanova, Kristina},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{adams_massively_2019,
	title = {Massively {Multilingual} {Adversarial} {Speech} {Recognition}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02210},
	doi = {10.18653/v1/n19-1009},
	abstract = {We report on adaptation of multilingual end-to-end speech recognition models trained on as many as 100 languages. Our findings shed light on the relative importance of similarity between the target and pretraining languages along the dimensions of phonetics, phonology, language family, geographical location, and orthography. In this context, experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of two additional pretraining objectives in encouraging language-independent encoder representations: a context-independent phoneme objective paired with a language-adversarial classification objective.},
	author = {Adams, Oliver and Wiesner, Matthew and Watanabe, Shinji and Yarowsky, David},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {96--108},
}

@inproceedings{muller_neural_2019,
	title = {Neural {Codes} to {Factor} {Language} in {Multilingual} {Speech} {Recognition}},
	doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2019.8683484},
	booktitle = {{ICASSP} 2019 - 2019 {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Acoustics}, {Speech} and {Signal} {Processing} ({ICASSP})},
	author = {Müller, M and Stüker, S and Waibel, A},
	month = may,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {factor, neural codes, neural nets, speech recognition},
	pages = {8638--8642},
}

@article{artetxe_massively_2018,
	title = {Massively {Multilingual} {Sentence} {Embeddings} for {Zero}-{Shot} {Cross}-{Lingual} {Transfer} and {Beyond}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.10464},
	abstract = {We introduce an architecture to learn joint multilingual sentence representations for 93 languages, belonging to more than 30 different language families and written in 28 different scripts. Our system uses a single BiLSTM encoder with a shared BPE vocabulary for all languages, which is coupled with an auxiliary decoder and trained on publicly available parallel corpora. This enables us to learn a classifier on top of the resulting sentence embeddings using English annotated data only, and transfer it to any of the 93 languages without any modification. Our approach sets a new state-of-the-art on zero-shot cross-lingual natural language inference for all the 14 languages in the XNLI dataset but one. We also achieve very competitive results in cross-lingual document classification (MLDoc dataset). Our sentence embeddings are also strong at parallel corpus mining, establishing a new state-of-the-art in the BUCC shared task for 3 of its 4 language pairs. Finally, we introduce a new test set of aligned sentences in 122 languages based on the Tatoeba corpus, and show that our sentence embeddings obtain strong results in multilingual similarity search even for low-resource languages. Our PyTorch implementation, pre-trained encoder and the multilingual test set will be freely available.},
	author = {Artetxe, Mikel and Schwenk, Holger},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
}
