\noindent A search for the rare decays \Bsmumu and \Bdmumu is performed at the LHCb experiment using data collected in $pp$ collisions corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 4.4\invfb. An excess of \Bsmumu decays is observed with a significance of \Bssigmafirst standard deviations, representing the first observation of this decay in a single experiment. The branching fraction is measured to be ${\cal B(\Bsmumu)=\Bsbrshort$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The first measurement of the \Bsmumu effective lifetime, \mbox{$\tau(\Bsmm)=2.04\pm 0.44\pm 0.05 \ps$, is reported. No significant excess of \Bdmumu decays is found and a 95\% confidence level upper limit, \mbox{$\BRof \Bdmumu < \Bdobslimitnf$, is determined. All results are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations.
main.tex
\pdfoutput=1
% Uncomment line above if submitting to arXiv and using pdflatex
%\pdfminorversion=3
% $Id: main.tex 85322 2015-12-14 16:29:58Z clangenb $
% ============================================================================
% Purpose: Template for LHCb documents
% Authors: Tomasz Skwarnicki, Roger Forty, Ulrik Egede
% Created on: 2010-09-24
% ============================================================================
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}

% For two column text, add "twocolumn" as an option to the document
% class. Also uncomment the two "onecolumn" and "twocolumn" lines
% around the title page below.

% Variables that controls behaviour
\usepackage{ifthen} % for conditional statements
\newboolean{pdflatex}
\setboolean{pdflatex}{true} % False for eps figures 

\newboolean{articletitles}
\setboolean{articletitles}{true} % False removes titles in references

\newboolean{uprightparticles}
\setboolean{uprightparticles}{false} %True for upright particle symbols

\newboolean{inbibliography}
\setboolean{inbibliography}{false} %True once you enter the bibliography

\usepackage{overpic}


% THis file contains all the default packages and modifications for
% LHCb formatting

%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%  Page formatting
%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage[top=1in, bottom=1.25in, left=1in, right=1in]{geometry}

% fallback for manual settings... uncomment if the geometry package is not available
%
%\voffset=-11mm
%\textheight=220mm
%\textwidth=160mm
%\oddsidemargin=0mm
%\evensidemargin=0mm

\columnsep=5mm
\addtolength{\belowcaptionskip}{0.5em}

\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.01}
\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.99}
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.9}
\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{0.9}

% Allow the page size to vary a bit ...
\raggedbottom
% To avoid Latex to be too fussy with line breaking ...
\sloppy

%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Packages to be used
%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{lineno}  % for line numbering during review
\usepackage{xspace} % To avoid problems with missing or double spaces after
                    % predefined symbold
\usepackage{caption} %these three command get the figure and table captions automatically small
\renewcommand{\captionfont}{\small}
\renewcommand{\captionlabelfont}{\small}

%% Graphics
\usepackage{graphicx}  % to include figures (can also use other packages)
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\graphicspath{{./figs/}} % Make Latex search fig subdir for figures

%% Math
\usepackage{amsmath} % Adds a large collection of math symbols
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{upgreek} % Adds in support for greek letters in roman typeset

%% fix to allow peaceful coexistence of line numbering and
%% mathematical objects
%% http://www.latex-community.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=163
%%
\newcommand*\patchAmsMathEnvironmentForLineno[1]{%
\expandafter\let\csname old#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname #1\endcsname
\expandafter\let\csname oldend#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname
end#1\endcsname
 \renewenvironment{#1}%
   {\linenomath\csname old#1\endcsname}%
   {\csname oldend#1\endcsname\endlinenomath}%
}
\newcommand*\patchBothAmsMathEnvironmentsForLineno[1]{%
  \patchAmsMathEnvironmentForLineno{#1}%
  \patchAmsMathEnvironmentForLineno{#1*}%
}
\AtBeginDocument{%
\patchBothAmsMathEnvironmentsForLineno{equation}%
\patchBothAmsMathEnvironmentsForLineno{align}%
\patchBothAmsMathEnvironmentsForLineno{flalign}%
\patchBothAmsMathEnvironmentsForLineno{alignat}%
\patchBothAmsMathEnvironmentsForLineno{gather}%
\patchBothAmsMathEnvironmentsForLineno{multline}%
\patchBothAmsMathEnvironmentsForLineno{eqnarray}%
}

% Get hyperlinks to captions and in references.
% These do not work with revtex. Use "hypertext" as class option instead.
\usepackage{hyperref}    % Hyperlinks in references
\usepackage[all]{hypcap} % Internal hyperlinks to floats.

%%% $Id: lhcb-symbols-def.tex 63329 2014-11-12 11:17:04Z pkoppenb $
%%% ======================================================================
%%% Purpose: Standard LHCb aliases
%%% Author: Originally Ulrik Egede, adapted by Tomasz Skwarnicki for templates,
%%% rewritten by Chris Parkes
%%% Maintainer : Ulrik Egede (2010 - 2012)
%%% Maintainer : Rolf Oldeman (2012 - 2014)
%%% =======================================================================

%%% To use this file outside the normal LHCb document environment, the
%%% following should be added in a preamble (before \begin{document}
%%%
%%%\usepackage{ifthen} 
%%%\newboolean{uprightparticles}
%%%\setboolean{uprightparticles}{false} %Set true for upright particle symbols
%%% \usepackage{xspace} 
%%% \usepackage{upgreek}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%
%%% The following is to ensure that the template automatically can process
%%% this file.
%%%
%%% Add comments with at least three %%% preceding.
%%% Add new sections with one % preceding
%%% Add new subsections with two %% preceding
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Experiments
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\lhcb {\mbox{LHCb}\xspace}
\def\atlas  {\mbox{ATLAS}\xspace}
\def\cms    {\mbox{CMS}\xspace}
\def\alice  {\mbox{ALICE}\xspace}
\def\babar  {\mbox{BaBar}\xspace}
\def\belle  {\mbox{Belle}\xspace}
\def\cleo   {\mbox{CLEO}\xspace}
\def\cdf    {\mbox{CDF}\xspace}
\def\dzero  {\mbox{D0}\xspace}
\def\aleph  {\mbox{ALEPH}\xspace}
\def\delphi {\mbox{DELPHI}\xspace}
\def\opal   {\mbox{OPAL}\xspace}
\def\lthree {\mbox{L3}\xspace}
\def\sld    {\mbox{SLD}\xspace}
%%%\def\argus  {\mbox{ARGUS}\xspace}
%%%\def\uaone  {\mbox{UA1}\xspace}
%%%\def\uatwo  {\mbox{UA2}\xspace}
%%%\def\ux85 {\mbox{UX85}\xspace}
\def\cern {\mbox{CERN}\xspace}
\def\lhc    {\mbox{LHC}\xspace}
\def\lep    {\mbox{LEP}\xspace}
\def\tevatron {Tevatron\xspace}

%% LHCb sub-detectors and sub-systems

%%%\def\pu     {PU\xspace}
\def\velo   {VELO\xspace}
\def\rich   {RICH\xspace}
\def\richone {RICH1\xspace}
\def\richtwo {RICH2\xspace}
\def\ttracker {TT\xspace}
\def\intr   {IT\xspace}
\def\st     {ST\xspace}
\def\ot     {OT\xspace}
%%%\def\Tone   {T1\xspace}
%%%\def\Ttwo   {T2\xspace}
%%%\def\Tthree {T3\xspace}
%%%\def\Mone   {M1\xspace}
%%%\def\Mtwo   {M2\xspace}
%%%\def\Mthree {M3\xspace}
%%%\def\Mfour  {M4\xspace}
%%%\def\Mfive  {M5\xspace}
\def\spd    {SPD\xspace}
\def\presh  {PS\xspace}
\def\ecal   {ECAL\xspace}
\def\hcal   {HCAL\xspace}
%%%\def\bcm    {BCM\xspace}
\def\MagUp {\mbox{\em Mag\kern -0.05em Up}\xspace}
\def\MagDown {\mbox{\em MagDown}\xspace}

%%%\def\ode    {ODE\xspace}
%%%\def\daq    {DAQ\xspace}
%%%\def\tfc    {TFC\xspace}
%%%\def\ecs    {ECS\xspace}
%%%\def\lone   {L0\xspace}
%%%\def\hlt    {HLT\xspace}
%%%\def\hltone {HLT1\xspace}
%%%\def\hlttwo {HLT2\xspace}

%%% Upright (not slanted) Particles

\ifthenelse{\boolean{uprightparticles}}%
{\def\Palpha      {\ensuremath{\upalpha}\xspace}
 \def\Pbeta       {\ensuremath{\upbeta}\xspace}
 \def\Pgamma      {\ensuremath{\upgamma}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pdelta      {\ensuremath{\updelta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pepsilon    {\ensuremath{\upepsilon}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvarepsilon {\ensuremath{\upvarepsilon}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pzeta       {\ensuremath{\upzeta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Peta        {\ensuremath{\upeta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ptheta      {\ensuremath{\uptheta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvartheta   {\ensuremath{\upvartheta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Piota       {\ensuremath{\upiota}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pkappa      {\ensuremath{\upkappa}\xspace}                 
 \def\Plambda     {\ensuremath{\uplambda}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pmu         {\ensuremath{\upmu}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pnu         {\ensuremath{\upnu}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pxi         {\ensuremath{\upxi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ppi         {\ensuremath{\uppi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvarpi      {\ensuremath{\upvarpi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Prho        {\ensuremath{\uprho}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvarrho     {\ensuremath{\upvarrho}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ptau        {\ensuremath{\uptau}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pupsilon    {\ensuremath{\upupsilon}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pphi        {\ensuremath{\upphi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvarphi     {\ensuremath{\upvarphi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pchi        {\ensuremath{\upchi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ppsi        {\ensuremath{\uppsi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pomega      {\ensuremath{\upomega}\xspace}                 

 \def\PDelta      {\ensuremath{\Delta}\xspace}                 
 \def\PXi      {\ensuremath{\Xi}\xspace}                 
 \def\PLambda      {\ensuremath{\Lambda}\xspace}                 
 \def\PSigma      {\ensuremath{\Sigma}\xspace}                 
 \def\POmega      {\ensuremath{\Omega}\xspace}                 
 \def\PUpsilon      {\ensuremath{\Upsilon}\xspace}                 
 
 %\mathchardef\Deltares="7101
 %\mathchardef\Xi="7104
 %\mathchardef\Lambda="7103
 %\mathchardef\Sigma="7106
 %\mathchardef\Omega="710A


 \def\PA      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{A}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PB      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{B}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PC      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{C}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PD      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{D}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PE      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{E}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PF      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{F}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PG      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{G}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PH      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{H}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PI      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{I}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PJ      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{J}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PK      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{K}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PL      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{L}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PM      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{M}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PN      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{N}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PO      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{O}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PP      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{P}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PQ      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{Q}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PR      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{R}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PS      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{S}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PT      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{T}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PU      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{U}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PV      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{V}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PW      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{W}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PX      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{X}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PY      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{Y}}\xspace}                 
 \def\PZ      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{Z}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pa      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{a}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pb      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{b}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pc      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{c}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pd      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{d}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pe      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{e}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pf      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{f}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pg      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{g}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ph      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{h}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pi      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{i}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pj      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{j}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pk      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{k}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pl      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{l}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pm      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{m}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pn      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{n}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Po      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{o}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pp      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{p}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pq      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{q}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pr      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{r}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ps      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{s}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pt      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{t}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pu      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{u}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pv      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{v}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pw      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{w}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Px      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{x}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Py      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{y}}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pz      {\ensuremath{\mathrm{z}}\xspace}                 
}
{\def\Palpha      {\ensuremath{\alpha}\xspace}
 \def\Pbeta       {\ensuremath{\beta}\xspace}
 \def\Pgamma      {\ensuremath{\gamma}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pdelta      {\ensuremath{\delta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pepsilon    {\ensuremath{\epsilon}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvarepsilon {\ensuremath{\varepsilon}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pzeta       {\ensuremath{\zeta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Peta        {\ensuremath{\eta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ptheta      {\ensuremath{\theta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvartheta   {\ensuremath{\vartheta}\xspace}                 
 \def\Piota       {\ensuremath{\iota}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pkappa      {\ensuremath{\kappa}\xspace}                 
 \def\Plambda     {\ensuremath{\lambda}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pmu         {\ensuremath{\mu}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pnu         {\ensuremath{\nu}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pxi         {\ensuremath{\xi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ppi         {\ensuremath{\pi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvarpi      {\ensuremath{\varpi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Prho        {\ensuremath{\rho}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvarrho     {\ensuremath{\varrho}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ptau        {\ensuremath{\tau}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pupsilon    {\ensuremath{\upsilon}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pphi        {\ensuremath{\phi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pvarphi     {\ensuremath{\varphi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pchi        {\ensuremath{\chi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ppsi        {\ensuremath{\psi}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pomega      {\ensuremath{\omega}\xspace}                 
 \mathchardef\PDelta="7101
 \mathchardef\PXi="7104
 \mathchardef\PLambda="7103
 \mathchardef\PSigma="7106
 \mathchardef\POmega="710A
 \mathchardef\PUpsilon="7107
 \def\PA      {\ensuremath{A}\xspace}                 
 \def\PB      {\ensuremath{B}\xspace}                 
 \def\PC      {\ensuremath{C}\xspace}                 
 \def\PD      {\ensuremath{D}\xspace}                 
 \def\PE      {\ensuremath{E}\xspace}                 
 \def\PF      {\ensuremath{F}\xspace}                 
 \def\PG      {\ensuremath{G}\xspace}                 
 \def\PH      {\ensuremath{H}\xspace}                 
 \def\PI      {\ensuremath{I}\xspace}                 
 \def\PJ      {\ensuremath{J}\xspace}                 
 \def\PK      {\ensuremath{K}\xspace}                 
 \def\PL      {\ensuremath{L}\xspace}                 
 \def\PM      {\ensuremath{M}\xspace}                 
 \def\PN      {\ensuremath{N}\xspace}                 
 \def\PO      {\ensuremath{O}\xspace}                 
 \def\PP      {\ensuremath{P}\xspace}                 
 \def\PQ      {\ensuremath{Q}\xspace}                 
 \def\PR      {\ensuremath{R}\xspace}                 
 \def\PS      {\ensuremath{S}\xspace}                 
 \def\PT      {\ensuremath{T}\xspace}                 
 \def\PU      {\ensuremath{U}\xspace}                 
 \def\PV      {\ensuremath{V}\xspace}                 
 \def\PW      {\ensuremath{W}\xspace}                 
 \def\PX      {\ensuremath{X}\xspace}                 
 \def\PY      {\ensuremath{Y}\xspace}                 
 \def\PZ      {\ensuremath{Z}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pa      {\ensuremath{a}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pb      {\ensuremath{b}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pc      {\ensuremath{c}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pd      {\ensuremath{d}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pe      {\ensuremath{e}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pf      {\ensuremath{f}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pg      {\ensuremath{g}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ph      {\ensuremath{h}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pi      {\ensuremath{i}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pj      {\ensuremath{j}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pk      {\ensuremath{k}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pl      {\ensuremath{l}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pm      {\ensuremath{m}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pn      {\ensuremath{n}\xspace}                 
 \def\Po      {\ensuremath{o}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pp      {\ensuremath{p}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pq      {\ensuremath{q}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pr      {\ensuremath{r}\xspace}                 
 \def\Ps      {\ensuremath{s}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pt      {\ensuremath{t}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pu      {\ensuremath{u}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pv      {\ensuremath{v}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pw      {\ensuremath{w}\xspace}                 
 \def\Px      {\ensuremath{x}\xspace}                 
 \def\Py      {\ensuremath{y}\xspace}                 
 \def\Pz      {\ensuremath{z}\xspace}                 
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Particles
\makeatletter
\ifcase \@ptsize \relax% 10pt
  \newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{4}{5}}% \tiny: 5/6
\or% 11pt
  \newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{5}{6}}% \tiny: 6/7
\or% 12pt
  \newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{5}{6}}% \tiny: 6/7
\fi
\makeatother


\DeclareRobustCommand{\optbar}[1]{\shortstack{{\miniscule (\rule[.5ex]{1.25em}{.18mm})}
  \\ [-.7ex] $#1$}}


%% Leptons

\let\emi\en
\def\electron   {{\ensuremath{\Pe}}\xspace}
\def\en         {{\ensuremath{\Pe^-}}\xspace}   % electron negative (\em is taken)
\def\ep         {{\ensuremath{\Pe^+}}\xspace}
\def\epm        {{\ensuremath{\Pe^\pm}}\xspace} 
\def\epem       {{\ensuremath{\Pe^+\Pe^-}}\xspace}
%%%\def\ee         {\ensuremath{\Pe^-\Pe^-}\xspace}

\def\muon       {{\ensuremath{\Pmu}}\xspace}
\def\mup        {{\ensuremath{\Pmu^+}}\xspace}
\def\mun        {{\ensuremath{\Pmu^-}}\xspace} % muon negative (\mum is taken)
\def\mumu       {{\ensuremath{\Pmu^+\Pmu^-}}\xspace}

\def\tauon      {{\ensuremath{\Ptau}}\xspace}
\def\taup       {{\ensuremath{\Ptau^+}}\xspace}
\def\taum       {{\ensuremath{\Ptau^-}}\xspace}
\def\tautau     {{\ensuremath{\Ptau^+\Ptau^-}}\xspace}

\def\lepton     {{\ensuremath{\ell}}\xspace}
\def\ellm       {{\ensuremath{\ell^-}}\xspace}
\def\ellp       {{\ensuremath{\ell^+}}\xspace}
%%%\def\ellell     {\ensuremath{\ell^+ \ell^-}\xspace}

\def\neu        {{\ensuremath{\Pnu}}\xspace}
\def\neub       {{\ensuremath{\overline{\Pnu}}}\xspace}
%%%\def\nuenueb    {\ensuremath{\neu\neub}\xspace}
\def\neue       {{\ensuremath{\neu_e}}\xspace}
\def\neueb      {{\ensuremath{\neub_e}}\xspace}
%%%\def\neueneueb  {\ensuremath{\neue\neueb}\xspace}
\def\neum       {{\ensuremath{\neu_\mu}}\xspace}
\def\neumb      {{\ensuremath{\neub_\mu}}\xspace}
%%%\def\neumneumb  {\ensuremath{\neum\neumb}\xspace}
\def\neut       {{\ensuremath{\neu_\tau}}\xspace}
\def\neutb      {{\ensuremath{\neub_\tau}}\xspace}
%%%\def\neutneutb  {\ensuremath{\neut\neutb}\xspace}
\def\neul       {{\ensuremath{\neu_\ell}}\xspace}
\def\neulb      {{\ensuremath{\neub_\ell}}\xspace}
%%%\def\neulneulb  {\ensuremath{\neul\neulb}\xspace}

%% Gauge bosons and scalars

\def\g      {{\ensuremath{\Pgamma}}\xspace}
\def\H      {{\ensuremath{\PH^0}}\xspace}
\def\Hp     {{\ensuremath{\PH^+}}\xspace}
\def\Hm     {{\ensuremath{\PH^-}}\xspace}
\def\Hpm    {{\ensuremath{\PH^\pm}}\xspace}
\def\W      {{\ensuremath{\PW}}\xspace}
\def\Wp     {{\ensuremath{\PW^+}}\xspace}
\def\Wm     {{\ensuremath{\PW^-}}\xspace}
\def\Wpm    {{\ensuremath{\PW^\pm}}\xspace}
\def\Z      {{\ensuremath{\PZ}}\xspace}

%% Quarks

\def\quark     {{\ensuremath{\Pq}}\xspace}
\def\quarkbar  {{\ensuremath{\overline \quark}}\xspace}
\def\qqbar     {{\ensuremath{\quark\quarkbar}}\xspace}
\def\uquark    {{\ensuremath{\Pu}}\xspace}
\def\uquarkbar {{\ensuremath{\overline \uquark}}\xspace}
\def\uubar     {{\ensuremath{\uquark\uquarkbar}}\xspace}
\def\dquark    {{\ensuremath{\Pd}}\xspace}
\def\dquarkbar {{\ensuremath{\overline \dquark}}\xspace}
\def\ddbar     {{\ensuremath{\dquark\dquarkbar}}\xspace}
\def\squark    {{\ensuremath{\Ps}}\xspace}
\def\squarkbar {{\ensuremath{\overline \squark}}\xspace}
\def\ssbar     {{\ensuremath{\squark\squarkbar}}\xspace}
\def\cquark    {{\ensuremath{\Pc}}\xspace}
\def\cquarkbar {{\ensuremath{\overline \cquark}}\xspace}
\def\ccbar     {{\ensuremath{\cquark\cquarkbar}}\xspace}
\def\bquark    {{\ensuremath{\Pb}}\xspace}
\def\bquarkbar {{\ensuremath{\overline \bquark}}\xspace}
\def\bbbar     {{\ensuremath{\bquark\bquarkbar}}\xspace}
\def\tquark    {{\ensuremath{\Pt}}\xspace}
\def\tquarkbar {{\ensuremath{\overline \tquark}}\xspace}
\def\ttbar     {{\ensuremath{\tquark\tquarkbar}}\xspace}

%% Light mesons

\def\hadron {{\ensuremath{\Ph}}\xspace}
\def\pion   {{\ensuremath{\Ppi}}\xspace}
\def\piz    {{\ensuremath{\pion^0}}\xspace}
\def\pizs   {{\ensuremath{\pion^0\mbox\,\rm{s}}}\xspace}
\def\pip    {{\ensuremath{\pion^+}}\xspace}
\def\pim    {{\ensuremath{\pion^-}}\xspace}
\def\pipm   {{\ensuremath{\pion^\pm}}\xspace}
\def\pimp   {{\ensuremath{\pion^\mp}}\xspace}

\def\rhomeson {{\ensuremath{\Prho}}\xspace}
\def\rhoz     {{\ensuremath{\rhomeson^0}}\xspace}
\def\rhop     {{\ensuremath{\rhomeson^+}}\xspace}
\def\rhom     {{\ensuremath{\rhomeson^-}}\xspace}
\def\rhopm    {{\ensuremath{\rhomeson^\pm}}\xspace}
\def\rhomp    {{\ensuremath{\rhomeson^\mp}}\xspace}

\def\kaon    {{\ensuremath{\PK}}\xspace}
%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
  \def\Kbar    {{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \PK}{}}\xspace}
\def\Kb      {{\ensuremath{\Kbar}}\xspace}
\def\KorKbar    {\kern 0.18em\optbar{\kern -0.18em K}{}\xspace}
\def\Kz      {{\ensuremath{\kaon^0}}\xspace}
\def\Kzb     {{\ensuremath{\Kbar{}^0}}\xspace}
\def\Kp      {{\ensuremath{\kaon^+}}\xspace}
\def\Km      {{\ensuremath{\kaon^-}}\xspace}
\def\Kpm     {{\ensuremath{\kaon^\pm}}\xspace}
\def\Kmp     {{\ensuremath{\kaon^\mp}}\xspace}
\def\KS      {{\ensuremath{\kaon^0_{\rm\scriptscriptstyle S}}}\xspace}
\def\KL      {{\ensuremath{\kaon^0_{\rm\scriptscriptstyle L}}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarz  {{\ensuremath{\kaon^{*0}}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarzb {{\ensuremath{\Kbar{}^{*0}}}\xspace}
\def\Kstar   {{\ensuremath{\kaon^*}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarb  {{\ensuremath{\Kbar{}^*}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarp  {{\ensuremath{\kaon^{*+}}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarm  {{\ensuremath{\kaon^{*-}}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarpm {{\ensuremath{\kaon^{*\pm}}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarmp {{\ensuremath{\kaon^{*\mp}}}\xspace}

\newcommand{\etaz}{\ensuremath{\Peta}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etapr}{\ensuremath{\Peta^{\prime}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\phiz}{\ensuremath{\Pphi}\xspace}
\newcommand{\omegaz}{\ensuremath{\Pomega}\xspace}

%% Heavy mesons

%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
  \def\Dbar    {{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \PD}{}}\xspace}
\def\D       {{\ensuremath{\PD}}\xspace}
\def\Db      {{\ensuremath{\Dbar}}\xspace}
\def\DorDbar    {\kern 0.18em\optbar{\kern -0.18em D}{}\xspace}
\def\Dz      {{\ensuremath{\D^0}}\xspace}
\def\Dzb     {{\ensuremath{\Dbar{}^0}}\xspace}
\def\Dp      {{\ensuremath{\D^+}}\xspace}
\def\Dm      {{\ensuremath{\D^-}}\xspace}
\def\Dpm     {{\ensuremath{\D^\pm}}\xspace}
\def\Dmp     {{\ensuremath{\D^\mp}}\xspace}
\def\Dstar   {{\ensuremath{\D^*}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarb  {{\ensuremath{\Dbar{}^*}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarz  {{\ensuremath{\D^{*0}}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarzb {{\ensuremath{\Dbar{}^{*0}}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarp  {{\ensuremath{\D^{*+}}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarm  {{\ensuremath{\D^{*-}}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarpm {{\ensuremath{\D^{*\pm}}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarmp {{\ensuremath{\D^{*\mp}}}\xspace}
\def\Ds      {{\ensuremath{\D^+_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Dsp     {{\ensuremath{\D^+_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Dsm     {{\ensuremath{\D^-_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Dspm    {{\ensuremath{\D^{\pm}_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Dsmp    {{\ensuremath{\D^{\mp}_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Dss     {{\ensuremath{\D^{*+}_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Dssp    {{\ensuremath{\D^{*+}_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Dssm    {{\ensuremath{\D^{*-}_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Dsspm   {{\ensuremath{\D^{*\pm}_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Dssmp   {{\ensuremath{\D^{*\mp}_\squark}}\xspace}

\def\B       {{\ensuremath{\PB}}\xspace}
%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
\def\Bbar    {{\ensuremath{\kern 0.18em\overline{\kern -0.18em \PB}{}}}\xspace}
\def\Bb      {{\ensuremath{\Bbar}}\xspace}
\def\BorBbar    {\kern 0.18em\optbar{\kern -0.18em B}{}\xspace}
\def\Bz      {{\ensuremath{\B^0}}\xspace}
\def\Bzb     {{\ensuremath{\Bbar{}^0}}\xspace}
\def\Bu      {{\ensuremath{\B^+}}\xspace}
\def\Bub     {{\ensuremath{\B^-}}\xspace}
\def\Bp      {{\ensuremath{\Bu}}\xspace}
\def\Bm      {{\ensuremath{\Bub}}\xspace}
\def\Bpm     {{\ensuremath{\B^\pm}}\xspace}
\def\Bmp     {{\ensuremath{\B^\mp}}\xspace}
\def\Bd      {{\ensuremath{\B^0}}\xspace}
\def\Bs      {{\ensuremath{\B^0_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Bsb     {{\ensuremath{\Bbar{}^0_\squark}}\xspace}
\def\Bdb     {{\ensuremath{\Bbar{}^0}}\xspace}
\def\Bc      {{\ensuremath{\B_\cquark^+}}\xspace}
\def\Bcp     {{\ensuremath{\B_\cquark^+}}\xspace}
\def\Bcm     {{\ensuremath{\B_\cquark^-}}\xspace}
\def\Bcpm    {{\ensuremath{\B_\cquark^\pm}}\xspace}

%% Onia

\def\jpsi     {{\ensuremath{{\PJ\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\Ppsi\mskip 2mu}}}\xspace}
\def\psitwos  {{\ensuremath{\Ppsi{(2S)}}}\xspace}
\def\psiprpr  {{\ensuremath{\Ppsi(3770)}}\xspace}
\def\etac     {{\ensuremath{\Peta_\cquark}}\xspace}
\def\chiczero {{\ensuremath{\Pchi_{\cquark 0}}}\xspace}
\def\chicone  {{\ensuremath{\Pchi_{\cquark 1}}}\xspace}
\def\chictwo  {{\ensuremath{\Pchi_{\cquark 2}}}\xspace}
  %\mathchardef\Upsilon="7107
  \def\Y#1S{\ensuremath{\PUpsilon{(#1S)}}\xspace}% no space before {...}!
\def\OneS  {{\Y1S}}
\def\TwoS  {{\Y2S}}
\def\ThreeS{{\Y3S}}
\def\FourS {{\Y4S}}
\def\FiveS {{\Y5S}}

\def\chic  {{\ensuremath{\Pchi_{c}}}\xspace}

%% Baryons

\def\proton      {{\ensuremath{\Pp}}\xspace}
\def\antiproton  {{\ensuremath{\overline \proton}}\xspace}
\def\neutron     {{\ensuremath{\Pn}}\xspace}
\def\antineutron {{\ensuremath{\overline \neutron}}\xspace}
\def\Deltares    {{\ensuremath{\PDelta}}\xspace}
\def\Deltaresbar {{\ensuremath{\overline \Deltares}}\xspace}
\def\Xires       {{\ensuremath{\PXi}}\xspace}
\def\Xiresbar    {{\ensuremath{\overline \Xires}}\xspace}
\def\Lz          {{\ensuremath{\PLambda}}\xspace}
\def\Lbar        {{\ensuremath{\kern 0.1em\overline{\kern -0.1em\PLambda}}}\xspace}
\def\LorLbar    {\kern 0.18em\optbar{\kern -0.18em \PLambda}{}\xspace}
\def\Lambdares   {{\ensuremath{\PLambda}}\xspace}
\def\Lambdaresbar{{\ensuremath{\Lbar}}\xspace}
\def\Sigmares    {{\ensuremath{\PSigma}}\xspace}
\def\Sigmaresbar {{\ensuremath{\overline \Sigmares}}\xspace}
\def\Omegares    {{\ensuremath{\POmega}}\xspace}
\def\Omegaresbar {{\ensuremath{\overline \POmega}}\xspace}

%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
 % \def\Deltabar{\kern 0.25em\overline{\kern -0.25em \Deltares}{}\xspace}
 % \def\Sigbar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \Sigma}{}\xspace}
 % \def\Xibar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \Xi}{}\xspace}
 % \def\Obar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \Omega}{}\xspace}
 % \def\Nbar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em N}{}\xspace}
 % \def\Xb{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em X}{}\xspace}

\def\Lb      {{\ensuremath{\Lz^0_\bquark}}\xspace}
\def\Lbbar   {{\ensuremath{\Lbar{}^0_\bquark}}\xspace}
\def\Lc      {{\ensuremath{\Lz^+_\cquark}}\xspace}
\def\Lcbar   {{\ensuremath{\Lbar{}^-_\cquark}}\xspace}
\def\Xib     {{\ensuremath{\Xires_\bquark}}\xspace}
\def\Xibz    {{\ensuremath{\Xires^0_\bquark}}\xspace}
\def\Xibm    {{\ensuremath{\Xires^-_\bquark}}\xspace}
\def\Xibbar  {{\ensuremath{\Xiresbar{}_\bquark}}\xspace}
\def\Xibbarz {{\ensuremath{\Xiresbar{}_\bquark^0}}\xspace}
\def\Xibbarp {{\ensuremath{\Xiresbar{}_\bquark^+}}\xspace}
\def\Xic     {{\ensuremath{\Xires_\cquark}}\xspace}
\def\Xicz    {{\ensuremath{\Xires^0_\cquark}}\xspace}
\def\Xicp    {{\ensuremath{\Xires^+_\cquark}}\xspace}
\def\Xicbar  {{\ensuremath{\Xiresbar{}_\cquark}}\xspace}
\def\Xicbarz {{\ensuremath{\Xiresbar{}_\cquark^0}}\xspace}
\def\Xicbarm {{\ensuremath{\Xiresbar{}_\cquark^-}}\xspace}
\def\Omegac    {{\ensuremath{\Omegares^0_\cquark}}\xspace}
\def\Omegacbar {{\ensuremath{\Omegaresbar{}_\cquark^0}}\xspace}
\def\Omegab    {{\ensuremath{\Omegares^-_\bquark}}\xspace}
\def\Omegabbar {{\ensuremath{\Omegaresbar{}_\bquark^+}}\xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Physics symbols
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Decays
\def\BF         {{\ensuremath{\cal B}}\xspace}
\def\BRvis      {{\ensuremath{\BR_{\rm{vis}}}}}
\def\BR         {\BF}
\newcommand{\decay}[2]{\ensuremath{#1\!\to #2}\xspace}         % {\Pa}{\Pb \Pc}
\def\ra                 {\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace}
\def\to                 {\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace}

%% Lifetimes
\newcommand{\tauBs}{{\ensuremath{\tau_{\Bs}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\tauBd}{{\ensuremath{\tau_{\Bd}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\tauBz}{{\ensuremath{\tau_{\Bz}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\tauBu}{{\ensuremath{\tau_{\Bp}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\tauDp}{{\ensuremath{\tau_{\Dp}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\tauDz}{{\ensuremath{\tau_{\Dz}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\tauL}{{\ensuremath{\tau_{\rm L}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\tauH}{{\ensuremath{\tau_{\rm H}}}\xspace}

%% Masses
\newcommand{\mBd}{{\ensuremath{m_{\Bd}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mBp}{{\ensuremath{m_{\Bp}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mBs}{{\ensuremath{m_{\Bs}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mBc}{{\ensuremath{m_{\Bc}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mLb}{{\ensuremath{m_{\Lb}}}\xspace}

%% EW theory, groups
\def\grpsuthree {{\ensuremath{\mathrm{SU}(3)}}\xspace}
\def\grpsutw    {{\ensuremath{\mathrm{SU}(2)}}\xspace}
\def\grpuone    {{\ensuremath{\mathrm{U}(1)}}\xspace}

\def\ssqtw   {{\ensuremath{\sin^{2}\!\theta_{\mathrm{W}}}}\xspace}
\def\csqtw   {{\ensuremath{\cos^{2}\!\theta_{\mathrm{W}}}}\xspace}
\def\stw     {{\ensuremath{\sin\theta_{\mathrm{W}}}}\xspace}
\def\ctw     {{\ensuremath{\cos\theta_{\mathrm{W}}}}\xspace}
\def\ssqtwef {{\ensuremath{{\sin}^{2}\theta_{\mathrm{W}}^{\mathrm{eff}}}}\xspace}
\def\csqtwef {{\ensuremath{{\cos}^{2}\theta_{\mathrm{W}}^{\mathrm{eff}}}}\xspace}
\def\stwef   {{\ensuremath{\sin\theta_{\mathrm{W}}^{\mathrm{eff}}}}\xspace}
\def\ctwef   {{\ensuremath{\cos\theta_{\mathrm{W}}^{\mathrm{eff}}}}\xspace}
\def\gv      {{\ensuremath{g_{\mbox{\tiny V}}}}\xspace}
\def\ga      {{\ensuremath{g_{\mbox{\tiny A}}}}\xspace}

\def\order   {{\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}}\xspace}
\def\ordalph {{\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}(\alpha)}}\xspace}
\def\ordalsq {{\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}(\alpha^{2})}}\xspace}
\def\ordalcb {{\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}(\alpha^{3})}}\xspace}

%% QCD parameters
\newcommand{\as}{{\ensuremath{\alpha_s}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\MSb}{{\ensuremath{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\lqcd}{{\ensuremath{\Lambda_{\mathrm{QCD}}}}\xspace}
\def\qsq       {{\ensuremath{q^2}}\xspace}

%% CKM, CP violation

\def\eps   {{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}\xspace}
\def\epsK  {{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_K}}\xspace}
\def\epsB  {{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_B}}\xspace}
\def\epsp  {{\ensuremath{\varepsilon^\prime_K}}\xspace}

\def\CP                {{\ensuremath{C\!P}}\xspace}
\def\CPT               {{\ensuremath{C\!PT}}\xspace}

\def\rhobar {{\ensuremath{\overline \rho}}\xspace}
\def\etabar {{\ensuremath{\overline \eta}}\xspace}

\def\Vud  {{\ensuremath{V_{\uquark\dquark}}}\xspace}
\def\Vcd  {{\ensuremath{V_{\cquark\dquark}}}\xspace}
\def\Vtd  {{\ensuremath{V_{\tquark\dquark}}}\xspace}
\def\Vus  {{\ensuremath{V_{\uquark\squark}}}\xspace}
\def\Vcs  {{\ensuremath{V_{\cquark\squark}}}\xspace}
\def\Vts  {{\ensuremath{V_{\tquark\squark}}}\xspace}
\def\Vub  {{\ensuremath{V_{\uquark\bquark}}}\xspace}
\def\Vcb  {{\ensuremath{V_{\cquark\bquark}}}\xspace}
\def\Vtb  {{\ensuremath{V_{\tquark\bquark}}}\xspace}
\def\Vuds  {{\ensuremath{V_{\uquark\dquark}^\ast}}\xspace}
\def\Vcds  {{\ensuremath{V_{\cquark\dquark}^\ast}}\xspace}
\def\Vtds  {{\ensuremath{V_{\tquark\dquark}^\ast}}\xspace}
\def\Vuss  {{\ensuremath{V_{\uquark\squark}^\ast}}\xspace}
\def\Vcss  {{\ensuremath{V_{\cquark\squark}^\ast}}\xspace}
\def\Vtss  {{\ensuremath{V_{\tquark\squark}^\ast}}\xspace}
\def\Vubs  {{\ensuremath{V_{\uquark\bquark}^\ast}}\xspace}
\def\Vcbs  {{\ensuremath{V_{\cquark\bquark}^\ast}}\xspace}
\def\Vtbs  {{\ensuremath{V_{\tquark\bquark}^\ast}}\xspace}

%% Oscillations

\newcommand{\dm}{{\ensuremath{\Delta m}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dms}{{\ensuremath{\Delta m_{\squark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dmd}{{\ensuremath{\Delta m_{\dquark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\DG}{{\ensuremath{\Delta\Gamma}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\DGs}{{\ensuremath{\Delta\Gamma_{\squark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\DGd}{{\ensuremath{\Delta\Gamma_{\dquark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Gs}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma_{\squark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Gd}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma_{\dquark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\MBq}{{\ensuremath{M_{\B_\quark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\DGq}{{\ensuremath{\Delta\Gamma_{\quark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Gq}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma_{\quark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dmq}{{\ensuremath{\Delta m_{\quark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\GL}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma_{\rm L}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\GH}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma_{\rm H}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\DGsGs}{{\ensuremath{\Delta\Gamma_{\squark}/\Gamma_{\squark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Delm}{{\mbox{$\Delta m $}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ACP}{{\ensuremath{{\cal A}^{\CP}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Adir}{{\ensuremath{{\cal A}^{\rm dir}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Amix}{{\ensuremath{{\cal A}^{\rm mix}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ADelta}{{\ensuremath{{\cal A}^\Delta}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\phid}{{\ensuremath{\phi_{\dquark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\sinphid}{{\ensuremath{\sin\!\phid}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\phis}{{\ensuremath{\phi_{\squark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\betas}{{\ensuremath{\beta_{\squark}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\sbetas}{{\ensuremath{\sigma(\beta_{\squark})}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\stbetas}{{\ensuremath{\sigma(2\beta_{\squark})}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\stphis}{{\ensuremath{\sigma(\phi_{\squark})}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\sinphis}{{\ensuremath{\sin\!\phis}}\xspace}

%% Tagging
\newcommand{\edet}{{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm det}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\erec}{{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm rec/det}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\esel}{{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm sel/rec}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etrg}{{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm trg/sel}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etot}{{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm tot}}}\xspace}

\newcommand{\mistag}{\ensuremath{\omega}\xspace}
\newcommand{\wcomb}{\ensuremath{\omega^{\rm comb}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etag}{{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm tag}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etagcomb}{{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm tag}^{\rm comb}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\effeff}{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm eff}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\effeffcomb}{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm eff}^{\rm comb}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\efftag}{{\ensuremath{\etag(1-2\omega)^2}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\effD}{{\ensuremath{\etag D^2}}\xspace}

\newcommand{\etagprompt}{{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm tag}^{\rm Pr}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etagLL}{{\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm tag}^{\rm LL}}}\xspace}

%% Key decay channels

\def\BdToKstmm    {\decay{\Bd}{\Kstarz\mup\mun}}
\def\BdbToKstmm   {\decay{\Bdb}{\Kstarzb\mup\mun}}

\def\BsToJPsiPhi  {\decay{\Bs}{\jpsi\phi}}
\def\BdToJPsiKst  {\decay{\Bd}{\jpsi\Kstarz}}
\def\BdbToJPsiKst {\decay{\Bdb}{\jpsi\Kstarzb}}

\def\BsPhiGam     {\decay{\Bs}{\phi \g}}
\def\BdKstGam     {\decay{\Bd}{\Kstarz \g}}

\def\BTohh        {\decay{\B}{\Ph^+ \Ph'^-}}
\def\BToKpi       {\decay{\B}{\Kp\pim}}

\def\BdTopipi     {\decay{\Bd}{\pip\pim}}
\def\BdToKpi      {\decay{\Bd}{\Kp\pim}}

\def\BsToKK       {\decay{\Bs}{\Kp\Km}}
\def\BsToKpi      {\decay{\Bs}{\Kp\pim}}
\def\BdToKK       {\decay{\Bd}{\Kp\Km}}
\def\BsbToKpi     {\decay{\Bsb}{\Kp\pim}}

\def\BsTopiK      {\decay{\Bs}{\pip\Km}}
\def\BuToJPsiK    {\decay{\Bu}{\jpsi\Kp}}
%% Rare decays
\def\BdKstee  {\decay{\Bd}{\Kstarz\epem}}
\def\BdbKstee {\decay{\Bdb}{\Kstarzb\epem}}
\def\bsll     {\decay{\bquark}{\squark \ell^+ \ell^-}}
\def\AFB      {\ensuremath{A_{\mathrm{FB}}}\xspace}
\def\FL       {\ensuremath{F_{\mathrm{L}}}\xspace}
\def\AT#1     {\ensuremath{A_{\mathrm{T}}^{#1}}\xspace}           % 2
\def\btosgam  {\decay{\bquark}{\squark \g}}
\def\btodgam  {\decay{\bquark}{\dquark \g}}
\def\Bsmm     {\decay{\Bs}{\mup\mun}}
\def\Bdmm     {\decay{\Bd}{\mup\mun}}
\def\ctl       {\ensuremath{\cos{\theta_\ell}}\xspace}
\def\ctk       {\ensuremath{\cos{\theta_K}}\xspace}

%% Wilson coefficients and operators
\def\C#1      {\ensuremath{\mathcal{C}_{#1}}\xspace}                       % 9
\def\Cp#1     {\ensuremath{\mathcal{C}_{#1}^{'}}\xspace}                    % 7
\def\Ceff#1   {\ensuremath{\mathcal{C}_{#1}^{\mathrm{(eff)}}}\xspace}        % 9  
\def\Cpeff#1  {\ensuremath{\mathcal{C}_{#1}^{'\mathrm{(eff)}}}\xspace}       % 7
\def\Ope#1    {\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}_{#1}}\xspace}                       % 2
\def\Opep#1   {\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}_{#1}^{'}}\xspace}                    % 7

%% Charm

\def\xprime     {\ensuremath{x^{\prime}}\xspace}
\def\yprime     {\ensuremath{y^{\prime}}\xspace}
\def\ycp        {\ensuremath{y_{\CP}}\xspace}
\def\agamma     {\ensuremath{A_{\Gamma}}\xspace}
%%%\def\kpi        {\ensuremath{\PK\Ppi}\xspace}
%%%\def\kk         {\ensuremath{\PK\PK}\xspace}
%%%\def\dkpi       {\decay{\PD}{\PK\Ppi}}
%%%\def\dkk        {\decay{\PD}{\PK\PK}}
\def\dkpicf     {\decay{\Dz}{\Km\pip}}

%% QM
\newcommand{\bra}[1]{\ensuremath{\langle #1|}}             % {a}
\newcommand{\ket}[1]{\ensuremath{|#1\rangle}}              % {b}
\newcommand{\braket}[2]{\ensuremath{\langle #1|#2\rangle}} % {a}{b}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Units
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\unit}[1]{\ensuremath{\rm\,#1}\xspace}          % {kg}

%% Energy and momentum
\newcommand{\tev}{\ifthenelse{\boolean{inbibliography}}{\ensuremath{~T\kern -0.05em eV}\xspace}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\kev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,ke\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,e\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gevc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mevc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gevcc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gevgevcccc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V^2\!/}c^4}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mevcc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2}}\xspace}

%% Distance and area
\def\km   {\ensuremath{\rm \,km}\xspace}
\def\m    {\ensuremath{\rm \,m}\xspace}
\def\ma   {\ensuremath{{\rm \,m}^2}\xspace}
\def\cm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,cm}\xspace}
\def\cma  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,cm}^2}\xspace}
\def\mm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,mm}\xspace}
\def\mma  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,mm}^2}\xspace}
\def\mum  {\ensuremath{{\,\upmu\rm m}}\xspace}
\def\muma {\ensuremath{{\,\upmu\rm m^2}}\xspace}
\def\nm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,nm}\xspace}
\def\fm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,fm}\xspace}
\def\barn{\ensuremath{\rm \,b}\xspace}
%%%\def\barnhyph{\ensuremath{\rm -b}\xspace}
\def\mbarn{\ensuremath{\rm \,mb}\xspace}
\def\mub{\ensuremath{{\rm \,\upmu b}}\xspace}
%%%\def\mbarnhyph{\ensuremath{\rm -mb}\xspace}
\def\nb {\ensuremath{\rm \,nb}\xspace}
\def\invnb {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,nb}^{-1}}\xspace}
\def\pb {\ensuremath{\rm \,pb}\xspace}
\def\invpb {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,pb}^{-1}}\xspace}
\def\fb   {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,fb}}\xspace}
\def\invfb   {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,fb}^{-1}}\xspace}

%% Time 
\def\sec  {\ensuremath{\rm {\,s}}\xspace}
\def\ms   {\ensuremath{{\rm \,ms}}\xspace}
\def\mus  {\ensuremath{{\,\upmu{\rm s}}}\xspace}
\def\ns   {\ensuremath{{\rm \,ns}}\xspace}
\def\ps   {\ensuremath{{\rm \,ps}}\xspace}
\def\fs   {\ensuremath{\rm \,fs}\xspace}

\def\mhz  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,MHz}}\xspace}
\def\khz  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kHz}}\xspace}
\def\hz   {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Hz}}\xspace}

\def\invps{\ensuremath{{\rm \,ps^{-1}}}\xspace}

\def\yr   {\ensuremath{\rm \,yr}\xspace}
\def\hr   {\ensuremath{\rm \,hr}\xspace}

%% Temperature
\def\degc {\ensuremath{^\circ}{C}\xspace}
\def\degk {\ensuremath {\rm K}\xspace}

%% Material lengths, radiation
\def\Xrad {\ensuremath{X_0}\xspace}
\def\NIL{\ensuremath{\lambda_{int}}\xspace}
\def\mip {MIP\xspace}
\def\neutroneq {\ensuremath{\rm \,n_{eq}}\xspace}
\def\neqcmcm {\ensuremath{\rm \,n_{eq} / cm^2}\xspace}
\def\kRad {\ensuremath{\rm \,kRad}\xspace}
\def\MRad {\ensuremath{\rm \,MRad}\xspace}
\def\ci {\ensuremath{\rm \,Ci}\xspace}
\def\mci {\ensuremath{\rm \,mCi}\xspace}

%% Uncertainties
\def\sx    {\ensuremath{\sigma_x}\xspace}    
\def\sy    {\ensuremath{\sigma_y}\xspace}   
\def\sz    {\ensuremath{\sigma_z}\xspace}    

\newcommand{\stat}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,(stat)}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\syst}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,(syst)}}\xspace}

%% Maths

\def\order{{\ensuremath{\cal O}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\chisq}{\ensuremath{\chi^2}\xspace}
\newcommand{\chisqndf}{\ensuremath{\chi^2/\mathrm{ndf}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\chisqip}{\ensuremath{\chi^2_{\rm IP}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\chisqvs}{\ensuremath{\chi^2_{\rm VS}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\chisqvtx}{\ensuremath{\chi^2_{\rm vtx}}\xspace}

\def\deriv {\ensuremath{\mathrm{d}}}

\def\gsim{{~\raise.15em\hbox{$>$}\kern-.85em
          \lower.35em\hbox{$\sim$}~}\xspace}
\def\lsim{{~\raise.15em\hbox{$<$}\kern-.85em
          \lower.35em\hbox{$\sim$}~}\xspace}

\newcommand{\mean}[1]{\ensuremath{\left\langle #1 \right\rangle}} % {x}
\newcommand{\abs}[1]{\ensuremath{\left\|#1\right\|}} % {x}
\newcommand{\Real}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{R}e}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Imag}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{I}m}\xspace}

\def\PDF {PDF\xspace}

\def\sPlot{\mbox{\em sPlot}\xspace}
%%%\def\sWeight{\mbox{\em sWeight}\xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Kinematics
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Energy, Momenta
\def\Ebeam {\ensuremath{E_{\mbox{\tiny BEAM}}}\xspace}
\def\sqs   {\ensuremath{\protect\sqrt{s}}\xspace}

\def\ptot       {\mbox{$p$}\xspace}
\def\pt         {\mbox{$p_{\rm T}$}\xspace}
\def\et         {\mbox{$E_{\rm T}$}\xspace}
\def\mt         {\mbox{$M_{\rm T}$}\xspace}
\def\dpp        {\ensuremath{\Delta p/p}\xspace}
\def\msq        {\ensuremath{m^2}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dedx}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{d}\hspace{-0.1em}E/\mathrm{d}x}\xspace}

%% PID

\def\dllkpi     {\ensuremath{\mathrm{DLL}_{\kaon\pion}}\xspace}
\def\dllppi     {\ensuremath{\mathrm{DLL}_{\proton\pion}}\xspace}
\def\dllepi     {\ensuremath{\mathrm{DLL}_{\electron\pion}}\xspace}
\def\dllmupi    {\ensuremath{\mathrm{DLL}_{\muon\pi}}\xspace}

%% Geometry
%%%\def\mphi       {\mbox{$\phi$}\xspace}
%%%\def\mtheta     {\mbox{$\theta$}\xspace}
%%%\def\ctheta     {\mbox{$\cos\theta$}\xspace}
%%%\def\stheta     {\mbox{$\sin\theta$}\xspace}
%%%\def\ttheta     {\mbox{$\tan\theta$}\xspace}

\def\degrees{\ensuremath{^{\circ}}\xspace}
\def\krad {\ensuremath{\rm \,krad}\xspace}
\def\mrad{\ensuremath{\rm \,mrad}\xspace}
\def\rad{\ensuremath{\rm \,rad}\xspace}

%% Accelerator
\def\betastar {\ensuremath{\beta^*}}
\newcommand{\lum} {\ensuremath{\mathcal{L}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\intlum}[1]{\ensuremath{\int\lum=#1}\xspace}  % {2 \,\invfb}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Software
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Programs
%%%\def\ansys      {\mbox{\textsc{Ansys}}\xspace}
\def\bcvegpy    {\mbox{\textsc{Bcvegpy}}\xspace}
\def\boole      {\mbox{\textsc{Boole}}\xspace}
\def\brunel     {\mbox{\textsc{Brunel}}\xspace}
\def\davinci    {\mbox{\textsc{DaVinci}}\xspace}
\def\dirac      {\mbox{\textsc{Dirac}}\xspace}
%%%\def\erasmus    {\mbox{\textsc{Erasmus}}\xspace}
\def\evtgen     {\mbox{\textsc{EvtGen}}\xspace}
\def\fewz       {\mbox{\textsc{Fewz}}\xspace}
\def\fluka      {\mbox{\textsc{Fluka}}\xspace}
\def\ganga      {\mbox{\textsc{Ganga}}\xspace}
%%%\def\garfield   {\mbox{\textsc{Garfield}}\xspace}
\def\gaudi      {\mbox{\textsc{Gaudi}}\xspace}
\def\gauss      {\mbox{\textsc{Gauss}}\xspace}
\def\geant      {\mbox{\textsc{Geant4}}\xspace}
\def\hepmc      {\mbox{\textsc{HepMC}}\xspace}
\def\herwig     {\mbox{\textsc{Herwig}}\xspace}
\def\moore      {\mbox{\textsc{Moore}}\xspace}
\def\neurobayes {\mbox{\textsc{NeuroBayes}}\xspace}
\def\photos     {\mbox{\textsc{Photos}}\xspace}
\def\powheg     {\mbox{\textsc{Powheg}}\xspace}
%%%\def\pyroot     {\mbox{\textsc{PyRoot}}\xspace}
\def\pythia     {\mbox{\textsc{Pythia}}\xspace}
\def\resbos     {\mbox{\textsc{ResBos}}\xspace}
\def\roofit     {\mbox{\textsc{RooFit}}\xspace}
\def\root       {\mbox{\textsc{Root}}\xspace}
\def\spice      {\mbox{\textsc{Spice}}\xspace}
%%%\def\tosca      {\mbox{\textsc{Tosca}}\xspace}
\def\urania     {\mbox{\textsc{Urania}}\xspace}

%% Languages
\def\cpp        {\mbox{\textsc{C\raisebox{0.1em}{{\footnotesize{++}}}}}\xspace}
%%%\def\python     {\mbox{\textsc{Python}}\xspace}
\def\ruby       {\mbox{\textsc{Ruby}}\xspace}
\def\fortran    {\mbox{\textsc{Fortran}}\xspace}
\def\svn        {\mbox{\textsc{SVN}}\xspace}

%% Data processing
\def\kbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbytes}}\xspace}
\def\kbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbytes/s}}\xspace}
\def\kbits      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbits}}\xspace}
\def\kbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbits/s}}\xspace}
\def\mbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbits/s}}\xspace}
\def\mbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbytes}}\xspace}
\def\mbps       {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbyte/s}}\xspace}
\def\mbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbytes/s}}\xspace}
\def\gbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Gbits/s}}\xspace}
\def\gbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Gbytes}}\xspace}
\def\gbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Gbytes/s}}\xspace}
\def\tbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Tbytes}}\xspace}
\def\tbpy       {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Tbytes/yr}}\xspace}

\def\dst        {DST\xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Detector related
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Detector technologies
\def\nonn {\ensuremath{\rm {\it{n^+}}\mbox{-}on\mbox{-}{\it{n}}}\xspace}
\def\ponn {\ensuremath{\rm {\it{p^+}}\mbox{-}on\mbox{-}{\it{n}}}\xspace}
\def\nonp {\ensuremath{\rm {\it{n^+}}\mbox{-}on\mbox{-}{\it{p}}}\xspace}
\def\cvd  {CVD\xspace}
\def\mwpc {MWPC\xspace}
\def\gem  {GEM\xspace}

%% Detector components, electronics
\def\tell1  {TELL1\xspace}
\def\ukl1   {UKL1\xspace}
\def\beetle {Beetle\xspace}
\def\otis   {OTIS\xspace}
\def\croc   {CROC\xspace}
\def\carioca {CARIOCA\xspace}
\def\dialog {DIALOG\xspace}
\def\sync   {SYNC\xspace}
\def\cardiac {CARDIAC\xspace}
\def\gol    {GOL\xspace}
\def\vcsel  {VCSEL\xspace}
\def\ttc    {TTC\xspace}
\def\ttcrx  {TTCrx\xspace}
\def\hpd    {HPD\xspace}
\def\pmt    {PMT\xspace}
\def\specs  {SPECS\xspace}
\def\elmb   {ELMB\xspace}
\def\fpga   {FPGA\xspace}
\def\plc    {PLC\xspace}
\def\rasnik {RASNIK\xspace}
\def\elmb   {ELMB\xspace}
\def\can    {CAN\xspace}
\def\lvds   {LVDS\xspace}
\def\ntc    {NTC\xspace}
\def\adc    {ADC\xspace}
\def\led    {LED\xspace}
\def\ccd    {CCD\xspace}
\def\hv     {HV\xspace}
\def\lv     {LV\xspace}
\def\pvss   {PVSS\xspace}
\def\cmos   {CMOS\xspace}
\def\fifo   {FIFO\xspace}
\def\ccpc   {CCPC\xspace}

%% Chemical symbols
\def\cfourften     {\ensuremath{\rm C_4 F_{10}}\xspace}
\def\cffour        {\ensuremath{\rm CF_4}\xspace}
\def\cotwo         {\ensuremath{\rm CO_2}\xspace} 
\def\csixffouteen  {\ensuremath{\rm C_6 F_{14}}\xspace} 
\def\mgftwo     {\ensuremath{\rm Mg F_2}\xspace} 
\def\siotwo     {\ensuremath{\rm SiO_2}\xspace} 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Special Text 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand{\eg}{\mbox{\itshape e.g.}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ie}{\mbox{\itshape i.e.}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etal}{\mbox{\itshape et al.}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etc}{\mbox{\itshape etc.}\xspace}
\newcommand{\cf}{\mbox{\itshape cf.}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ffp}{\mbox{\itshape ff.}\xspace}
\newcommand{\vs}{\mbox{\itshape vs.}\xspace}
 % Add in the predefined LHCb symbols

% Make this the last packages you include before the \begin{document}
\usepackage{cite} % Allows for ranges in citations
\usepackage{mciteplus}



\newcommand{\br}[1]{\ensuremath{\BR\left[#1\right]}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BRof}[1]{\ensuremath{{\cal B}(#1)}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Bsmumu}{\ensuremath{B^0_s \to\mu^+\mu^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Bdmumu}{\ensuremath{B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Bmm}{\ensuremath{B^{0}_{(s)}\to\mu^+\mu^-}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\Bmm}{\ensuremath{B\to\mu^+\mu^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Bmumu}{\ensuremath{B^0_{(s)}\to \mu^+\mu^-}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\Bsmm}{\ensuremath{B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\Bdmm}{\ensuremath{B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BspiK}{\ensuremath{B^0_s\to\pi^+K^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BdpiK}{\ensuremath{B^0\to\pi^+K^-}\xspace}
\def\bdkpi{\ensuremath{B^0 \to K^+ \pi^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Bdpipi}{\ensuremath{\Bd\to\pi^+\pi^-}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\bpimumu}{\ensuremath{B^{0,+} \to \pi^{0,+} \mu^+ \mu^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\bpimumu}{\ensuremath{B^{0(+)} \to \pi^{0(+)} \mu^+ \mu^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BdPiMuNu}{\ensuremath{\ensuremath{B^0}\to \pi^- \mu^+ \nu_\mu}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BsKMuNu}{\ensuremath{\ensuremath{B^0_s}\to K^- \mu^+ \nu_\mu}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BhMuNu}{\ensuremath{\ensuremath{B^0_{(s)}}\to h^- \mu^+ \nu_\mu}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\BcJpsiMuNu}{\ensuremath{\ensuremath{B^+_c}\to J/\psi \mu^+ \nu_\mu}\xspace}

\newcommand{\BuJpsiK}{\ensuremath{B^+\to J/{\psi}K^+}\xspace}
\def\bujpsik{\BuJpsiK} 
\newcommand{\BuJpsiPi}{\ensuremath{B^+\to J/{\psi}\pi^+}\xspace}

\newcommand{\Bhh}{\ensuremath{B^0_{(s)}\to h^+{h}^{\prime -}}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\Bhh}{\ensuremath{B\to h^+{h}^{\prime -}}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\Bkh}{\ensuremath{B^0_{(s)}\to K^+{h}^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Bkh}{\ensuremath{B\to K^+{h}^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\bbdim}{\ensuremath{b\bar{b}\to \mu^+ \mu^- X}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BsJpsiPhi}{\ensuremath{B^0_s\to J/\psi \phi}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BdKpi}{\ensuremath{B^0\to K^+\pi^-}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BsKK}{\ensuremath{B^0_s\to K^+K^-}\xspace}
\def\Lbpmunu{\ensuremath{\Lb \to p \mu^- \bar \nu_{\mu}}\xspace} 
\newcommand{\BcJpsiMuNu}{\ensuremath{B^+_c\to J/\psi\mu^+\nu_\mu}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Bsd}{\ensuremath{B^0_{(s)}}\xspace}

%\def\Bsbrshort{\ensuremath{\left(3.0^{\,+0.7}_{\,-0.6}\right)\times 10^{-9}}\xspace}
% \def\Bsbrshort{\ensuremath{(2.8\pm 0.6)\times 10^{-9}}\xspace}
% \def\Bsbrshort{\ensuremath{(3.0^{+0.6}_{-0.6}({\rm stat})^{+0.2}_{-0.2}({\rm syst}))\times 10^{-9}}\xspace}
% \def\Bsbrshort{\ensuremath{\left(3.0\pm 0.6^{\,+0.2}_{\,-0.1}\right)\times 10^{-9}}\xspace}
 \def\Bsbrshort{\ensuremath{\left(3.0\pm 0.6^{\,+0.3}_{\,-0.2}\right)\times 10^{-9}}\xspace}

\def\ys{\ensuremath{y_s}\xspace}
\def\ADeltaGamma{\ensuremath{A^{\mu^+\mu^-}_{\Delta\Gamma}}\xspace}
% Results 
\def\Bdexpsm{\ensuremath{4.5 (5.4) \times 10^{-10}}\xspace}
\def\Bdexpsmn{\ensuremath{4.5 \times 10^{-10}}\xspace}
\def\Bdexpsmnf{\ensuremath{5.4 \times 10^{-10}}\xspace}
\def\Bdexpbkg{\ensuremath{3.5 (4.4) \times 10^{-10}}\xspace}
\def\Bdexpbkgn{\ensuremath{3.5 \times 10^{-10}}\xspace}
\def\Bdexpbkgnf{\ensuremath{4.4 \times 10^{-10}}\xspace}

%\def\Bdobslimit{\ensuremath{6.3 (7.4) \times 10^{-10}}\xspace}
\def\Bdobslimitnf{\ensuremath{3.4\times 10^{-10}}\xspace} %  95% CL 
%\def\Bdobslimitn{\ensuremath{6.3\times 10^{-10}}\xspace}  %  90% CL

\def\Bdsigma{\ensuremath{1.6\,\sigma}\xspace}
\def\Bssigma{\ensuremath{7.8\,\sigma}\xspace}
\def\Bssigmafirst{\ensuremath{7.8}\xspace}

\def\Bsexpsigma{\ensuremath{9.7\,\sigma}\xspace}
\def\Bdexpsigma{\ensuremath{1.5\,\sigma}\xspace}

%\def\BorBbars    {\kern 0.18em\optbar{\kern -0.18em B}{}\xspace}
\def\BorBbars    {\kern 0.18em\optbar{\kern -0.18em B}}

%\def\Bsbr{\ensuremath{(3.04^{\,+0.68}_{\,-0.60}({\rm stat})^{\,+xxx}_{\,-xxx} ({\rm syst})) \times 10^{-9}}\xspace}
%\def\Bdbr{\ensuremath{(1.7^{\,+1.1}_{\,-0.9}({\rm stat})^{\,+xxx}_{\,-xxx} ({\rm syst})) \times 10^{-10}}\xspace}

\def\Bsbr{\ensuremath{\left(3.0^{\,+0.7}_{\,-0.6}\right)\times 10^{-9}}\xspace}
\def\Bdbr{\ensuremath{\left(1.5^{\,+1.2\,+0.2}_{\,-1.0\,-0.1}\right)\times 10^{-10}}\xspace}


\newcommand{\CLsb}{\ensuremath{\textrm{CL}_{\textrm{s+b}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\CLs}{\ensuremath{\textrm{CL}_{\textrm{s}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\CLb}{\ensuremath{\textrm{CL}_{\textrm{b}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\GeVc}{\ensuremath{\,{\rm GeV}/c}\xspace}
\newcommand{\MeVcc}{\ensuremath{\,{\rm MeV}/c^2}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\gevc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c}}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\mevc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c}}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\gevcc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2}}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\gevgevcccc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V^2\!/}c^4}}\xspace}
%\newcommand{\mevcc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2}}\xspace}

\newcommand{\tabcaption}[1]{%  for tables, so that the caption when above the float is placed correctly
\vspace{-\abovecaptionskip}% 
\caption{#1}
\vspace{0.5\abovecaptionskip}
}

\newcommand\Tstrut{\rule{0pt}{2.6ex}}
\newcommand\TTstrut{\rule{0pt}{3.2ex}}
\newcommand\Bstrut{\rule[-1.2ex]{0pt}{0pt}}
\newcommand\BBstrut{\rule[-1.8ex]{0pt}{0pt}}

\def\mum  {\ensuremath{\,\upmu\rm m}\xspace}
%\def\jpsi     {\ensuremath{{\PJ\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\Ppsi\mskip 2mu}}\xspace}

\def\Y#1S{\ensuremath{\Upsilon{(#1S)}}\xspace}% no space before {...}!
\def\OneS  {\Y1S}
\def\TwoS  {\Y2S}
\def\ThreeS{\Y3S}
 \def\Ppsi        {\ensuremath{\uppsi}\xspace}                 
\def\psitwos  {\ensuremath{\psi{(2S)}}\xspace}

\def\pT         {\ensuremath{p_{\rm{T}}}\xspace}
\def\BF         {{\ensuremath{\cal B}\xspace}}
\def\BR         {\BF}
\def\invfb      {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,fb}^{-1}}\xspace}

\newcommand{\CL}{CL\xspace}
\def\BDT{BDT\xspace}
\newcommand{\comment}[1]{}
\def\eos {{\tt EOS}}

\def\sWeights{\mbox{\em sWeights}\xspace}

%some more colors
\definecolor{darkred}{rgb}{0.6,0.0,0.0}
\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0.0,0.5,0.0}
\definecolor{lightgreen}{rgb}{0.75,1.0,0.75}
\definecolor{lightred}{rgb}{1.0,0.75,0.75}
\definecolor{lightblue}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,1.0}
\definecolor{darkblue}{RGB}{100,100,200}
%\definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,1.0}%100, 100 200
\definecolor{verylightblue}{rgb}{0.9,0.9,1.0}
\definecolor{verylightred}{rgb}{1.0,0.9,0.9}
\definecolor{lightgray}{rgb}{0.9,0.9,0.9}
\definecolor{verylightgray}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.95}
\definecolor{darkgray}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,0.75}
\definecolor{orange}{rgb}{1.0,0.75,0.0}

\usepackage{longtable} % only for template; not usually to be used in PAPERs
\usepackage{multirow}
%\usepackage{accents}
\usepackage{afterpage}

\begin{document}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% Title     %%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\setcounter{footnote}{1}

% %%%%%%% CHOOSE TITLE PAGE--------
%\onecolumn
% \input{title-LHCb-ANA}
%\input{title-LHCb-CONF}
% ===============================================================================
% Purpose: LHCb-PAPER journal paper title page template
% Author: 
% Created on: 2010-09-25
% ===============================================================================

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%  TITLE PAGE  %%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{titlepage}
\pagenumbering{roman}

% Header ---------------------------------------------------
\vspace*{-1.5cm}
\centerline{\large EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)}
\vspace*{1.5cm}
\hspace*{-0.5cm}
\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{lc@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{pdflatex}}% Logo format choice
{\vspace*{-2.7cm}\mbox{\!\!\!\includegraphics[width=.14\textwidth]{lhcb-logo.pdf}} & &}%
{\vspace*{-1.2cm}\mbox{\!\!\!\includegraphics[width=.12\textwidth]{lhcb-logo.eps}} & &}%
\\
 & & CERN-EP-2017-041 \\  % ID 
 & & LHCb-PAPER-2017-001 \\  % ID 
%& & \today \\ 
& & March 16, 2017 \\ 
 & & \\
\end{tabular*}

%\vspace*{3.0cm}
\vspace*{1.2cm}


{\bf\boldmath\huge
  \begin{center}
    Measurement of the $B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-$ branching fraction and effective lifetime and search for $B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decays
\end{center}
}


\vspace*{0.8cm}


\begin{center}
The LHCb collaboration\footnote{Authors are listed at the end of this paper.}
\end{center}

\vspace{\fill}


\begin{abstract}
  \noindent
A search for the rare decays \Bsmumu and \Bdmumu is performed at the LHCb experiment using data collected in $pp$ collisions 
corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 4.4\invfb. An excess of \Bsmumu decays is observed with a significance of \Bssigmafirst standard deviations, representing the first observation of this decay in a single experiment. 
The branching fraction is measured to be ${\cal B}(\Bsmumu)=\Bsbrshort$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The first measurement of the \Bsmumu effective lifetime, \mbox{$\tau(\Bsmm)=2.04\pm 0.44\pm 0.05 \ps$}, is reported. 
No significant excess of \Bdmumu decays is found and a 95\% confidence level upper limit, \mbox{$\BRof \Bdmumu < \Bdobslimitnf$}, is determined. All results are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations.
\end{abstract}


\vspace*{1.0cm}

\begin{center}
Published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017), 191801
\end{center}

\vspace{\fill}

{\footnotesize 
\centerline{\copyright~CERN on behalf of the \lhcb collaboration, licence \href{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}{CC-BY-4.0}.}}
\vspace*{2mm}

\end{titlepage}


\newpage
\setcounter{page}{2}
\mbox{~}



\cleardoublepage








%\twocolumn
% %%%%%%%%%%%%% ---------

\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\arabic{footnote}}
\setcounter{footnote}{0}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%  Table of Content   %%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%% Uncomment next 2 lines if desired
%\tableofcontents
%\cleardoublepage


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% Main text %%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\pagestyle{plain} % restore page numbers for the main text
\setcounter{page}{1}
\pagenumbering{arabic}
%\linenumbers

%% Uncomment during review phase. 
%% Comment before a final submission.
%\linenumbers

% You can include short sections directly in the main tex file.
% However, for larger papers it is desirable to split the text into
% several semiautonomous files, which can be revised independently.
% This is especially useful when developing a document in
% collaboration with several people, since then different parts can be
% edited independently.  This type of file organization is shown here.
% 

\sloppy

\noindent Within the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, the \Bdmm and \Bsmm decays are very rare, because they only occur through loop diagrams and are helicity-suppressed. Since they are characterised by a purely leptonic final state, and thanks to the progress in lattice QCD calculations~\cite{Witzel:2013sla,Na:2012kp,Bazavov:2011aa}, their time-integrated branching fractions, \BRof \Bsmumu = \mbox{$(3.65 \pm 0.23) \times 10^{-9}$} and \BRof \Bdmumu = \mbox{$(1.06 \pm 0.09) \times 10^{-10}$}~\cite{Bobeth:2013uxa}, are predicted in the SM with small uncertainty. 
These features make the \Bmm decays sensitive probes for physics beyond the SM, for example an extended Higgs sector~\cite{Babu:1999hn,Isidori:2001fv,Buras:2002wq}. 
The measurement of these processes has attracted considerable theoretical and experimental interest, culminating in the recent observation of the \Bsmm decay and evidence of the \Bdmm decay reported by the LHCb and CMS collaborations~\cite{LHCb-PAPER-2014-049}. This has been obtained by combining their datasets collected in $pp$ collisions in 2011 and 2012~\cite{LHCb-PAPER-2013-046,Chatrchyan:2013bka}. The measured branching fractions, \BRof \Bsmumu = \mbox{$(2.8^{+0.7}_{-0.6})\times 10^{-9}$} and \BRof \Bdmumu = \mbox{$(3.9^{+1.6}_{-1.4})\times 10^{-10}$}, are consistent with SM predictions. The ATLAS collaboration has also recently reported a search for these decays~\cite{Aaboud:2016ire}.

In the $\Bs-\Bsb$ system, the light and heavy mass eigenstates are characterised by 
a sizable difference between their decay widths, $\Delta\Gamma=0.082\pm 0.007\ps^{-1}$~\cite{Amhis:2016xyh}. In the SM, only the heavy state decays to $\mu^+\mu^-$, but this condition does not necessarily hold in New Physics scenarios~\cite{DeBruyn:2012wk}. The contributions from the two states can be disentangled by measuring the \Bsmm effective lifetime, which, in the search for physics beyond the SM, is a complementary probe to the branching fraction measurement.
The effective lifetime is defined as $\tau_{\mu^+\mu^-}\equiv \int^\infty_0 t\,\Gamma\!\left(B_s(t)\to\mu^+\mu^- \right)dt/\int^\infty_0 \Gamma\!\left(B_s(t)\to\mu^+\mu^- \right) dt$, 
where $t$ is the decay time of the \Bs or \Bsb meson and $\Gamma\!\left(B_s(t)\to\mu^+\mu^- \right)\equiv\Gamma\!\left(\Bs(t)\to \mu^+\mu^-\right)+\Gamma\!\left(\Bsb(t)\to\mu^+\mu^-\right)$. The relation~\cite{DeBruyn:2012wj}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:tau_deltaagamma}
\tau_{\mu^+\mu^-}=\frac{\tau_{\Bs}}{1 - \ys^2} \left[ \frac{1+ 2 \ADeltaGamma \ys + \ys^2}{1 + \ADeltaGamma \ys} \right],
\end{equation}
holds, where $\tau_{\Bs}=1.510\pm0.005\ps$ is the \Bs mean lifetime and $y_s\equiv\tau_{\Bs}\Delta\Gamma/2=0.062\pm0.006$~\cite{Amhis:2016xyh,Olive:2016xmw}.
The parameter \ADeltaGamma is defined as $\ADeltaGamma=-2\Re(\lambda)/(1+|\lambda|^2)$, with \mbox{$\lambda=(q/p)(A(\Bsb\to\mu^+\mu^-)/A(\Bs\to\mu^+\mu^-))$}. The complex coefficients $p$ and $q$ define the mass eigenstates of the $\Bs-\Bsb$ system in terms of the flavour eigenstates~(see, e.g., Ref.~\cite{Amhis:2016xyh}), and $A(\Bs\to\mu^+\mu^-)$ ($A(\Bsb\to\mu^+\mu^-))$ is the $\Bs$ ($\Bsb$) decay amplitude. In the SM the quantity \ADeltaGamma is equal to unity but can assume any value in the range $[-1,1]$ in New Physics scenarios. 

This Letter reports measurements of the \Bsmm and \Bdmm time-integrated branching fractions, which supersede the previous LHCb results~\cite{LHCb-PAPER-2013-046}, and the first measurement of the \Bsmm effective lifetime. 
Results are based on data collected with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1\invfb  of $pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=7\tev$, 2\invfb at $\sqrt{s}=8\tev$ and 1.4\invfb recorded at $\sqrt{s}=13\tev$. 
The first two datasets are referred to as Run 1 and the latter as Run 2.




At various stages of the analysis multivariate classifiers are employed to select the signal. In particular, after trigger and loose selection requirements, \Bmm candidates are classified according to their dimuon mass and the output variable, BDT, of a multivariate classifier based on a boosted decision tree~\cite{bdt_book}, which is employed to separate signal and combinatorial background. 
The signal yield is determined from a fit to the dimuon mass distribution of candidates and is converted into a branching fraction using as normalisation modes the decays \bdkpi and \bujpsik, with $J/{\psi}\to \mu^+ \mu^-$ (inclusion of charge-conjugated processes is implied throughout this Letter).

The analysis strategy is similar to that employed in Ref.~\cite{LHCb-PAPER-2013-046} and has been optimised to enhance the sensitivity to both \Bs\ and \Bd\ decays to \mumu. This is achieved through a better rejection of misidentified $b$-hadron decays such as \Bhh (where $h^{(\prime)} = \pi, K$) and the development of an improved boosted decision tree for the BDT classifier. The \Bsmumu effective lifetime is measured from the background-subtracted decay-time distribution of signal candidates in the lowest-background BDT region as defined later. To avoid potential biases, candidates in the dimuon mass signal region (\mbox{$[5200,5445]\mevcc$}) were not examined until the analysis procedure was finalised.


The \lhcb detector is a single-arm forward spectrometer covering the pseudorapidity range \mbox{$2<\eta<5$}, described in detail in Refs.~\cite{Alves:2008zz,LHCb-DP-2014-002}. 
It includes a high-precision tracking system consisting of a silicon-strip vertex detector, surrounding the $pp$ interaction region, a large-area silicon-strip detector located upstream of a dipole magnet with a bending power of about 4\,Tm, and three stations of silicon-strip detectors and straw drift tubes placed downstream of the magnet. Particle identification is provided by two ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors, an 
electromagnetic and a hadronic calorimeter, and a muon system composed of alternating layers of iron and multiwire proportional chambers.
The simulated events used in this analysis are produced using the software described in Refs.~\cite{Sjostrand:2006za,*Sjostrand:2007gs,*LHCb-PROC-2010-056,*Lange:2001uf,*Agostinelli:2002hh,*Allison:2006ve,*LHCb-PROC-2011-006,Golonka:2005pn}. 


Candidate events for signal and normalisation are selected by a hardware trigger followed by a software trigger~\cite{Aaij:2012me}. The \Bmm candidates are predominantly selected by single-muon and dimuon triggers. 
The \BuJpsiK candidates are selected in a very similar way, the only difference being a different dimuon mass requirement in the software trigger. Candidate \Bhh decays are used as control and normalisation channels.

The \Bmm candidates are reconstructed by combining two oppositely charged particles with transverse momentum with respect to the beam, $p_{\rm T}$, satisfying $0.25<p_{\rm T}<40\gevc$, momentum $p< 500\gevc$, and high-quality muon identification~\cite{Archilli:2013npa}. Compared to the previous analysis, the muon identification requirements are tightened such that the misidentified \Bhh background is reduced by approximately 50\%, while the signal efficiency decreases by about 10\%. The muon candidates are required to form a secondary vertex with a vertex-fit $\chi^2$ per degree of freedom smaller than 9 and separated from any primary $pp$ interaction vertex (PV) by a flight distance significance greater than 15. Only muon candidate tracks with $\chisqip>25$ for any PV are selected, where \chisqip is defined as the difference between the vertex-fit $\chi^2$ of the PV formed with and without the particle in question.
In the selection, \Bsd candidates must have a decay time less than $9\,\tau_{\Bs}$, $\chisqip<25$ with respect to the PV for which the \chisqip is minimal (henceforth called the \Bsd PV), $p_{\rm T} > 0.5 \gevc$ and a dimuon mass in the range $[4900, 6000]\mevcc$. 
A \Bsd candidate is rejected if either of the two candidate muons combined with any other oppositely charged muon candidate in the event has a mass within 30\mevcc of the $J/\psi$ mass~\cite{Olive:2016xmw}. The normalisation channels are selected with almost identical requirements to those applied to the signal sample. The \Bhh selection is the same as that of \Bmumu, except that the muon identification criteria are replaced with hadron identification requirements. The \BuJpsiK decay is reconstructed by combining a muon pair, consistent with a $J/\psi$ from a detached vertex, and a kaon candidate with $\chisqip>25$ for all PVs in the event. These selection criteria are completed by a loose requirement on the response of a multivariate classifier, described in Ref.~\cite{LHCb-PAPER-2012-007} and unchanged since then, applied to candidates in both signal and normalisation channels. The classifier takes as input quantities related to the direction of the \Bsd candidate, its impact parameter with respect to the \Bsd PV, the separation between the final-state tracks, and their impact parameters with respect to any PV. After the trigger and selection requirements 78\,241 signal candidates are found, which form the dataset for the subsequent branching fraction measurement.

The separation between signal and combinatorial background is achieved by means of the BDT variable, where the boosted decision tree is optimised using simulated samples of \Bsmm events for signal and of \bbdim events for background. The classifier combines information from the following input variables: $\sqrt{\Delta\phi^2+\Delta\eta^2}$, where $\Delta\phi$ and $\Delta\eta$ are the azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity differences between the two muon candidates; the minimum $\chi^2_{\rm IP}$ of the two muons with respect to the \Bsd PV; the angle between the \Bsd candidate momentum and the vector joining the \Bsd decay vertex and \Bsd PV; the \Bsd candidate vertex-fit $\chi^2$ and impact parameter significance with respect to the \Bsd PV.
In addition, two isolation variables are included, to quantify the compatibility of the other tracks in the event with originating from the same hadron decay as the signal muon candidates. Most of the combinatorial background is composed of muons originating from semileptonic $b$-hadron decays, in which other charged particles may be produced and reconstructed. The isolation variables are constructed to recognise these particles and differ in the type of tracks being considered: the first considers tracks that have been reconstructed both before and after the magnet, while the second considers tracks reconstructed only in the vertex detector. The isolation variables are determined  based on the proximity of the two muon candidates to the tracks of the event and are optimised using simulated \Bsmm and \bbdim events. The proximity of each muon candidate to a track is measured using a multivariate classifier that takes as input quantities such as the angular and spatial separation between the muon candidate and the track, the signed distance between the muon-track vertex and the \Bsd candidate or primary vertex, and the kinematic and impact parameter information of the track. 

The \BDT variable is constructed to be distributed uniformly in the range [0,1] for signal, and to peak strongly at zero for background. Its correlation with the dimuon mass is below 5\%. Compared to the multivariate classifier used in the previous measurement~\cite{LHCb-PAPER-2013-046}, the combinatorial background with ${\rm\BDT}>0.25$ is reduced by approximately 50\%, mainly due to the improved performance of the isolation variables.



The expected \Bmm \BDT distributions are determined from those of \mbox{\BdKpi} decays in data after correcting them for distortions  due to trigger and muon identification. An additional correction is made for the \Bs signal, assuming the SM prediction, to account for the difference between the \Bz and \Bsmumu lifetimes, which affects the BDT distribution. 
The mass distribution of the signal decays is described by a Crystal Ball function~\cite{Skwarnicki:1986xj}. The peak values for the \Bs and \Bd mesons are obtained from the mass distributions of \BsKK and \BdKpi samples, respectively. The mass resolutions as function of \mumu mass are determined with a power-law interpolation between the measured resolutions of charmonium and bottomonium resonances decaying into two muons. 
The Crystal Ball radiative tail is obtained from simulated \Bsmumu events~\cite{Golonka:2005pn}, which are smeared such that they reproduce the 23\mevcc mass resolution measured in data.


The signal branching fractions are measured with
\begin{equation*}
\BRof \Bmumu=\frac{{\cal B}_{\rm norm}  \,{\rm \epsilon_{\rm norm}}\,f_{\rm norm} }{ N_{\rm norm}\,{\rm \epsilon_{sig}} \,f_{d(s)} } \times N_{\Bmumu}\equiv\alpha^{\rm norm}_{\Bmumu} \times N_{\Bmumu},
\end{equation*}
where $N_{\Bmumu}$ is the number of observed signal decays, $N_{\rm norm}$ is the number of normalisation-channel decays (\BuJpsiK and \BdKpi), ${\cal B}_{\rm norm}$ is the corresponding branching fraction~\cite{Olive:2016xmw}, and ${\rm \epsilon_{sig}}$ (${\rm \epsilon_{\rm norm}}$) is the total efficiency for the signal (normalisation) channel.
The fraction $f_{d(s)}$ indicates the probability for a $b$ quark to fragment into a $B^0_{(s)}$ meson. Assuming $f_d=f_u$, the fragmentation probability $f_{\rm norm}$ for the $B^0$ and $B^+$ normalisation channel is set to $f_d$. The value of $f_s/f_d$ in $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=7\tev$ has been measured by LHCb to be $0.259 \pm 0.015$~\cite{fsfd}. 
The stability of $f_s/f_d$ at $\sqrt{s}=8\tev$ and $13\tev$ is evaluated by comparing the observed variation of the ratio of the efficiency-corrected yields of \BsJpsiPhi and \BuJpsiK decays. The effect of increased collision energy is found to be negligible for data at $\sqrt{s}=8\tev$ while a scaling factor of $1.068\pm 0.046$ is applied for data at $\sqrt{s}=13\tev$.

The efficiency ${\rm \epsilon_{sig(norm)}}$ includes the detector acceptance, trigger, reconstruction and selection efficiencies of the final-state particles. The acceptance, reconstruction and selection efficiencies are computed with samples of simulated events whose decay-time distributions are generated according to the SM prediction. The tracking and particle identification efficiencies are determined using control channels in data~\cite{LHCb-DP-2013-002,Anderlini:2202412}. 
The trigger efficiencies are evaluated with data-driven techniques~\cite{Tolk:1701134}.


The numbers of \BuJpsiK and \bdkpi decays are \mbox{$(1964.2\pm 1.5)\times 10^3$} and \mbox{$(31.3\pm 0.4)\times 10^3$}, respectively. The normalisation factors derived from the two channels are consistent. Taking correlations into account, their weighted averages are $\alpha^{\rm norm}_{\Bsmumu}=(5.7\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-11}$ and $\alpha^{\rm norm}_{\Bdmumu}=(1.60\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-11}$.
In the SM scenario, the analysed data sample is expected to contain an average of $62\pm 6$ \Bsmm and $6.7\pm 0.6$ \Bdmm decays in the full BDT range.


The combinatorial background is distributed almost uniformly over the mass range. In addition, the signal region and the low-mass sideband (\mbox{$[4900,5200]\mevcc$}) are populated by backgrounds from exclusive $b$-hadron decays, which can be classified in two categories. The first includes \Bhh, \BdPiMuNu, $B^0_s \to K^- \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$, and \Lbpmunu decays, where one or two hadrons are misidentified as a muon. The \Bhh, $B^0 \to \pi^- \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$ and \Lbpmunu branching fractions are taken from Refs.~\cite{Olive:2016xmw,LHCb-PAPER-2015-013}, while a theoretical estimate for $B^0_s \to K^- \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$ is obtained from Refs.~\cite{Bouchard:2014ypa,Flynn:2015mha}. The mass and BDT distributions of these decays are determined from simulated samples after calibrating the $K\to\mu$, $\pi\to\mu$ and $p\to\mu$ momentum-dependent misidentification probabilities using control channels in data. An independent estimate of the \Bhh, \BdPiMuNu and $B^0_s \to K^- \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$ background yields is obtained by fitting the mass spectrum of $\pi^+\mu^-$ or $K^+\mu^-$ combinations selected in data, and rescaling the yields according to the $\pi\to\mu$ or $K\to\mu$ misidentification probability. The difference with respect to the results from the first method is assigned as a systematic uncertainty.
The second category includes the decays \mbox{$B^+_c \to J/\psi \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$}, with $J/\psi  \to \mu^+ \mu^-$, and \mbox{\bpimumu}, which have at least two muons in the final state. The rate of \mbox{$B^+_c \to J/\psi \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$} decays is evaluated from Refs.~\cite{LHCb-PAPER-2014-050,LHCb-PAPER-2014-025}, 
while those of \mbox{\bpimumu} decays are obtained from Refs.~\cite{LHCb-PAPER-2015-035,Wang:2012ab}. 
The expected yields of all exclusive backgrounds are estimated using the decay \BuJpsiK as the normalisation channel, with the exception of the \Bhh decays, which are normalised to the mode \BdKpi. 
The contributions from \mbox{$B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-\gamma$} and \mbox{$B^0_s \to \mu^+ \mu^- \nu_{\mu} \bar \nu_{\mu}$} decays~\cite{Melikhov:2004mk,Bobeth:2013uxa,Aditya:2012im} have a negligible impact on the signal yield determination. The expected background yields with ${\rm \BDT}>0.5$ in the signal region are $2.9\pm 0.3$ \Bhh, $1.2\pm 0.2$ \BcJpsiMuNu, $0.7\pm 0.2$ \Lbpmunu and $0.80\pm 0.06$ \BhMuNu decays. 
The \bpimumu background is negligible. Except for the misidentified \Bhh decays, which populate the \Bd signal region, the other modes are mostly concentrated in the low-mass sideband.


The Run~1 and Run 2 datasets are each divided into five subsets based on bins in the BDT variable with boundaries $0.0$, $0.25$, $0.4$, $0.5$, $0.6$ and $1.0$. 
The \Bsmm and \Bdmm branching fractions are determined with a simultaneous unbinned maximum likelihood fit to the dimuon  mass distribution in each BDT bin of the two datasets. 
 The \Bsmm and \Bdmm fractional yields in each BDT bin and the parameters of the Crystal Ball functions that describe the shapes of the mass distributions are Gaussian-constrained according to their expected values and uncertainties. 
The combinatorial background in each BDT bin is parameterised with an exponential function, with a common slope parameter for all bins of a given dataset, while the yield is allowed to vary independently. The exclusive backgrounds are included as separate components in the fit. Their overall yields as well as the fractions in each BDT bin are Gaussian-constrained according to their expected values. Their mass shapes are determined from a simulation for each BDT bin.

The values of the \Bsmm and \Bdmm branching fractions obtained from the fit are \mbox{$\BRof \Bsmumu=\Bsbrshort$} and \mbox{$\BRof \Bdmumu=\Bdbr$}. 
The statistical uncertainty is derived by repeating the fit after fixing all the fit parameters, except the \Bdmumu and \Bsmumu branching fractions, the background yields and the slope of the combinatorial background, to their expected values. The systematic uncertainties of $\BRof \Bsmumu$  and $\BRof\Bdmumu$ are dominated by the uncertainty on $f_s/f_d$ and the knowledge of the exclusive backgrounds, respectively.
The correlation between the two branching fractions is negligible. 
The  mass distribution of the \mbox{\Bmm} candidates with ${\rm \BDT}>0.5$ is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:mass}, together with the fit result~\cite{roofit}.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics*[width=.9\columnwidth]{Fig1.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{\small Mass distribution of the selected \Bmm candidates (black dots) with ${\rm \BDT}>0.5$. The result of the fit is overlaid, and the different components are detailed.
}\label{fig:mass}
\end{figure}

An excess of \Bsmumu candidates with respect to the expectation from background is observed with a significance of \Bssigmafirst standard deviations~($\sigma$), while the significance of the \Bdmumu signal is \Bdsigma. The significances are determined, using Wilks' theorem~\cite{Wilks:1938dza}, from the difference in likelihood between fits with and without the signal component.

Since no significant \Bdmm signal is observed, an upper limit on the branching fraction is set using the \CLs method~\cite{Read:2002hq}. The ratio between the likelihoods in two hypotheses, signal plus background and background only, is used as the test statistic. The likelihoods are computed with nuisance parameters fixed to their nominal values. Pseudo-experiments are used for the evaluation of the test statistic in which the nuisance parameters are floated according to their uncertainties. The resulting upper limit on \BRof \Bdmumu is \mbox{$\Bdobslimitnf$} at 95\% confidence level.

The selection efficiency and BDT distribution of \Bsmm decays depend on the lifetime, which in turn depends on the model assumption entering Eq.~\ref{eq:tau_deltaagamma}. This introduces a further model-dependence in the measured time-integrated branching fraction. In the fit, the SM value  $\tau(\Bsmumu)=\tau_{B_s}/(1-y_s)$ is assumed, corresponding to $\ADeltaGamma=1$. The model dependence is evaluated by repeating the fit under the $\ADeltaGamma=0$ and $-1$ hypotheses, finding an increase of the branching fraction with respect to the SM assumption of 4.6\% and 10.9\%, respectively. The dependence is approximately linear in the physically allowed \ADeltaGamma range.

 

For the \Bsmm lifetime determination, the data are background-subtracted with the \sPlot technique~\cite{Pivk:2004ty}, using a fit to the dimuon mass distribution to disentangle signal and background components statistically. Subsequently, a fit to the signal decay-time distribution is made with an exponential function multiplied by the acceptance function of the detector.
The \Bs candidates are selected using criteria similar to those applied in the branching fraction analysis, the main differences being a reduced dimuon mass window, $[5320,6000]\mevcc$, and looser particle identification requirements on the muon candidates. 
The former change allows the fit model for the \Bsmm signal to be simplified by removing most of the \Bdmm and exclusive background decays that populate the lower dimuon mass region, while the latter increases the signal selection efficiency. Furthermore, instead of performing a fit in bins of \BDT, a requirement of \BDT$>0.55$ is imposed. All these changes minimise the statistical uncertainty on the measured effective lifetime.
This selection results in a final sample of 42 candidates.

The mass fit includes the \Bsmm and combinatorial background components. 
The parameterisations of the mass shapes are the same as used in the branching fraction analysis. The correlation between the mass and the reconstructed decay time of the selected candidates is less than 3\%.
  
The variation of the trigger and selection efficiency with decay time is corrected for in the fit by introducing an acceptance function, determined from simulated signal events that are weighted to match the properties of the events seen in data. The use of simulated events to determine the decay-time acceptance function is validated by measuring the effective lifetime of \BdKpi decays selected in data. The measured effective lifetime is $1.52\pm 0.03 \ps$, where the uncertainty is statistical only, consistent with the world average~\cite{Olive:2016xmw}. The statistical uncertainty on the measured \BdKpi lifetime is taken as the systematic uncertainty associated with the use of simulated events to determine the \Bsmm acceptance function. 

The accuracy of the fit for the \Bsmm effective lifetime is estimated using a large number of simulated experiments with signal and background contributions equal, on average, to those observed in the data. The contamination from \Bdmm, \Bhh and semileptonic decays above 5320\mevcc is small and not included in the fit. The effect on the effective lifetime from the unequal production rate of \Bs and \Bsb mesons~\cite{LHCb-PAPER-2014-042} is negligible.
A bias may also arise if $\ADeltaGamma\neq\pm 1$, with the consequence that the underlying decay-time distribution is the sum of two exponential distributions with the lifetimes of the light and heavy mass eigenstates. In this case, as the selection efficiency varies with the decay time, the returned value of the lifetime from the fit is not exactly equal to the definition of the effective lifetime even if the decay-time acceptance function is correctly accounted for. This effect has been evaluated for the scenario where there are equal contributions from both eigenstates to the decay. 
The result can also be biased if the background has a much longer mean lifetime than \Bsmm decays; this is mitigated by an upper decay-time cut of 13.5\ps. Any remaining bias is evaluated using the background decay-time distribution of the much larger \BdToKpi data sample. 
All of these effects are found to be small compared to the statistical uncertainty and combine to give 0.05\ps, with the main contributions arising from the fit accuracy and the decay-time acceptance (0.03\ps each).
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics*[width=.9\columnwidth]{Fig2top.pdf}
\includegraphics*[width=.9\columnwidth]{Fig2bot.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{\small (Top) Mass distribution of the selected \Bmm candidates (black dots) with ${\rm \BDT}>0.55$. The result of the fit is overlaid together with the \Bsmm (red dashed line) and the combinatorial background (blue dashed line) components. (Bottom) Background-subtracted \Bsmm decay-time distribution with the fit result superimposed.}\label{fig:lifetime_fit}
\end{figure}
The mass distribution of the selected \Bsmm candidates is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:lifetime_fit} (top). Figure~\ref{fig:lifetime_fit} (bottom) shows the background-subtracted \Bsmm decay-time distribution with the fit function superimposed~\cite{roofit}. The fit results in $\tau(\Bsmm)=2.04\pm 0.44\pm 0.05 \ps$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This measurement is consistent with the $\ADeltaGamma=1~(-1)$ hypothesis at the $1.0~\sigma$ ($1.4~\sigma$) level. Although the current experimental uncertainty allows only a weak constraint to be set on the value of the \ADeltaGamma parameter in the physically allowed region, this result establishes the potential of the effective lifetime measurement in constraining New Physics scenarios with the datasets that LHCb is expected to collect in the coming years~\cite{LHCb-PII-EoI}. 
 

In summary, a search for the rare decays \Bsmumu and \Bdmumu is performed in $pp$ collision data corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 4.4\invfb. The \Bsmumu signal is seen with a significance of \Bssigmafirst standard deviations and provides the first observation of this decay from a single experiment. The time-integrated \Bsmumu branching fraction is measured to be \mbox{\Bsbrshort}, under the $\ADeltaGamma=1$ hypothesis. This is the most precise measurement of this quantity to date. In addition, the first measurement of the \Bsmumu effective lifetime, \mbox{$\tau(\Bsmm)=2.04\pm 0.44\pm 0.05 \ps$}, is presented. No evidence for a \Bdmumu signal is found, and the upper limit \mbox{$\BRof \Bdmumu < \Bdobslimitnf$} at 95\% confidence level is set. The results are in agreement with the SM predictions and tighten the existing constraints on possible New Physics contributions to these decays.



% Do not include this in analysis note and conference reports
\section*{Acknowledgements}
\noindent We express our gratitude to our colleagues in the CERN
accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC. We
thank the technical and administrative staff at the LHCb
institutes. We acknowledge support from CERN and from the national
agencies: CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ and FINEP (Brazil); MOST and NSFC (China);
CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG and MPG (Germany); INFN (Italy); 
NWO (The Netherlands); MNiSW and NCN (Poland); MEN/IFA (Romania); 
MinES and FASO (Russia); MinECo (Spain); SNSF and SER (Switzerland); 
NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); NSF (USA).
We acknowledge the computing resources that are provided by CERN, IN2P3 (France), KIT and DESY (Germany), INFN (Italy), SURF (The Netherlands), PIC (Spain), GridPP (United Kingdom), RRCKI and Yandex LLC (Russia), CSCS (Switzerland), IFIN-HH (Romania), CBPF (Brazil), PL-GRID (Poland) and OSC (USA). We are indebted to the communities behind the multiple open 
source software packages on which we depend.
Individual groups or members have received support from AvH Foundation (Germany),
EPLANET, Marie Sk\l{}odowska-Curie Actions and ERC (European Union), 
Conseil G\'{e}n\'{e}ral de Haute-Savoie, Labex ENIGMASS and OCEVU, 
R\'{e}gion Auvergne (France), RFBR and Yandex LLC (Russia), GVA, XuntaGal and GENCAT (Spain), Herchel Smith Fund, The Royal Society, Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 and the Leverhulme Trust (United Kingdom).



% This should be taken out in the final paper

\newpage 

\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{References}
\setboolean{inbibliography}{true}
\bibliographystyle{LHCb}
%\bibliography{main,LHCb-PAPER,LHCb-CONF,LHCb-DP,LHCb-TDR}
\bibliography{main,LHCb-PAPER,LHCb-DP,LHCb-TDR}

\newpage
\centerline{\large\bf LHCb collaboration}
\begin{flushleft}
\small
R.~Aaij$^{40}$,
B.~Adeva$^{39}$,
M.~Adinolfi$^{48}$,
Z.~Ajaltouni$^{5}$,
S.~Akar$^{59}$,
J.~Albrecht$^{10}$,
F.~Alessio$^{40}$,
M.~Alexander$^{53}$,
S.~Ali$^{43}$,
G.~Alkhazov$^{31}$,
P.~Alvarez~Cartelle$^{55}$,
A.A.~Alves~Jr$^{59}$,
S.~Amato$^{2}$,
S.~Amerio$^{23}$,
Y.~Amhis$^{7}$,
L.~An$^{3}$,
L.~Anderlini$^{18}$,
G.~Andreassi$^{41}$,
M.~Andreotti$^{17,g}$,
J.E.~Andrews$^{60}$,
R.B.~Appleby$^{56}$,
F.~Archilli$^{43}$,
P.~d'Argent$^{12}$,
J.~Arnau~Romeu$^{6}$,
A.~Artamonov$^{37}$,
M.~Artuso$^{61}$,
E.~Aslanides$^{6}$,
G.~Auriemma$^{26}$,
M.~Baalouch$^{5}$,
I.~Babuschkin$^{56}$,
S.~Bachmann$^{12}$,
J.J.~Back$^{50}$,
A.~Badalov$^{38}$,
C.~Baesso$^{62}$,
S.~Baker$^{55}$,
V.~Balagura$^{7,c}$,
W.~Baldini$^{17}$,
A.~Baranov$^{35}$,
R.J.~Barlow$^{56}$,
C.~Barschel$^{40}$,
S.~Barsuk$^{7}$,
W.~Barter$^{56}$,
F.~Baryshnikov$^{32}$,
M.~Baszczyk$^{27,l}$,
V.~Batozskaya$^{29}$,
B.~Batsukh$^{61}$,
V.~Battista$^{41}$,
A.~Bay$^{41}$,
L.~Beaucourt$^{4}$,
J.~Beddow$^{53}$,
F.~Bedeschi$^{24}$,
I.~Bediaga$^{1}$,
A.~Beiter$^{61}$,
L.J.~Bel$^{43}$,
V.~Bellee$^{41}$,
N.~Belloli$^{21,i}$,
K.~Belous$^{37}$,
I.~Belyaev$^{32}$,
E.~Ben-Haim$^{8}$,
G.~Bencivenni$^{19}$,
S.~Benson$^{43}$,
S.~Beranek$^{9}$,
A.~Berezhnoy$^{33}$,
R.~Bernet$^{42}$,
A.~Bertolin$^{23}$,
C.~Betancourt$^{42}$,
F.~Betti$^{15}$,
M.-O.~Bettler$^{40}$,
M.~van~Beuzekom$^{43}$,
Ia.~Bezshyiko$^{42}$,
S.~Bifani$^{47}$,
P.~Billoir$^{8}$,
A.~Birnkraut$^{10}$,
A.~Bitadze$^{56}$,
A.~Bizzeti$^{18,u}$,
T.~Blake$^{50}$,
F.~Blanc$^{41}$,
J.~Blouw$^{11,\dagger}$,
S.~Blusk$^{61}$,
V.~Bocci$^{26}$,
T.~Boettcher$^{58}$,
A.~Bondar$^{36,w}$,
N.~Bondar$^{31}$,
W.~Bonivento$^{16}$,
I.~Bordyuzhin$^{32}$,
A.~Borgheresi$^{21,i}$,
S.~Borghi$^{56}$,
M.~Borisyak$^{35}$,
M.~Borsato$^{39}$,
F.~Bossu$^{7}$,
M.~Boubdir$^{9}$,
T.J.V.~Bowcock$^{54}$,
E.~Bowen$^{42}$,
C.~Bozzi$^{17,40}$,
S.~Braun$^{12}$,
T.~Britton$^{61}$,
J.~Brodzicka$^{56}$,
E.~Buchanan$^{48}$,
C.~Burr$^{56}$,
A.~Bursche$^{16}$,
J.~Buytaert$^{40}$,
S.~Cadeddu$^{16}$,
R.~Calabrese$^{17,g}$,
M.~Calvi$^{21,i}$,
M.~Calvo~Gomez$^{38,m}$,
A.~Camboni$^{38}$,
P.~Campana$^{19}$,
D.H.~Campora~Perez$^{40}$,
L.~Capriotti$^{56}$,
A.~Carbone$^{15,e}$,
G.~Carboni$^{25,j}$,
R.~Cardinale$^{20,h}$,
A.~Cardini$^{16}$,
P.~Carniti$^{21,i}$,
L.~Carson$^{52}$,
K.~Carvalho~Akiba$^{2}$,
G.~Casse$^{54}$,
L.~Cassina$^{21,i}$,
L.~Castillo~Garcia$^{41}$,
M.~Cattaneo$^{40}$,
G.~Cavallero$^{20,40}$,
R.~Cenci$^{24,t}$,
D.~Chamont$^{7}$,
M.~Charles$^{8}$,
Ph.~Charpentier$^{40}$,
G.~Chatzikonstantinidis$^{47}$,
M.~Chefdeville$^{4}$,
S.~Chen$^{56}$,
S.F.~Cheung$^{57}$,
V.~Chobanova$^{39}$,
M.~Chrzaszcz$^{42,27}$,
A.~Chubykin$^{31}$,
X.~Cid~Vidal$^{39}$,
G.~Ciezarek$^{43}$,
P.E.L.~Clarke$^{52}$,
M.~Clemencic$^{40}$,
H.V.~Cliff$^{49}$,
J.~Closier$^{40}$,
V.~Coco$^{59}$,
J.~Cogan$^{6}$,
E.~Cogneras$^{5}$,
V.~Cogoni$^{16,f}$,
L.~Cojocariu$^{30}$,
P.~Collins$^{40}$,
A.~Comerma-Montells$^{12}$,
A.~Contu$^{40}$,
A.~Cook$^{48}$,
G.~Coombs$^{40}$,
S.~Coquereau$^{38}$,
G.~Corti$^{40}$,
M.~Corvo$^{17,g}$,
C.M.~Costa~Sobral$^{50}$,
B.~Couturier$^{40}$,
G.A.~Cowan$^{52}$,
D.C.~Craik$^{52}$,
A.~Crocombe$^{50}$,
M.~Cruz~Torres$^{62}$,
S.~Cunliffe$^{55}$,
R.~Currie$^{52}$,
C.~D'Ambrosio$^{40}$,
F.~Da~Cunha~Marinho$^{2}$,
E.~Dall'Occo$^{43}$,
J.~Dalseno$^{48}$,
P.N.Y.~David$^{43}$,
A.~Davis$^{3}$,
K.~De~Bruyn$^{6}$,
S.~De~Capua$^{56}$,
M.~De~Cian$^{12}$,
J.M.~De~Miranda$^{1}$,
L.~De~Paula$^{2}$,
M.~De~Serio$^{14,d}$,
P.~De~Simone$^{19}$,
C.T.~Dean$^{53}$,
D.~Decamp$^{4}$,
M.~Deckenhoff$^{10}$,
L.~Del~Buono$^{8}$,
M.~Demmer$^{10}$,
A.~Dendek$^{28}$,
D.~Derkach$^{35}$,
O.~Deschamps$^{5}$,
F.~Dettori$^{54}$,
B.~Dey$^{22}$,
A.~Di~Canto$^{40}$,
H.~Dijkstra$^{40}$,
F.~Dordei$^{40}$,
M.~Dorigo$^{41}$,
A.~Dosil~Su{\'a}rez$^{39}$,
A.~Dovbnya$^{45}$,
K.~Dreimanis$^{54}$,
L.~Dufour$^{43}$,
G.~Dujany$^{56}$,
K.~Dungs$^{40}$,
P.~Durante$^{40}$,
R.~Dzhelyadin$^{37}$,
A.~Dziurda$^{40}$,
A.~Dzyuba$^{31}$,
N.~D{\'e}l{\'e}age$^{4}$,
S.~Easo$^{51}$,
M.~Ebert$^{52}$,
U.~Egede$^{55}$,
V.~Egorychev$^{32}$,
S.~Eidelman$^{36,w}$,
S.~Eisenhardt$^{52}$,
U.~Eitschberger$^{10}$,
R.~Ekelhof$^{10}$,
L.~Eklund$^{53}$,
S.~Ely$^{61}$,
S.~Esen$^{12}$,
H.M.~Evans$^{49}$,
T.~Evans$^{57}$,
A.~Falabella$^{15}$,
N.~Farley$^{47}$,
S.~Farry$^{54}$,
R.~Fay$^{54}$,
D.~Fazzini$^{21,i}$,
D.~Ferguson$^{52}$,
G.~Fernandez$^{38}$,
A.~Fernandez~Prieto$^{39}$,
F.~Ferrari$^{15}$,
F.~Ferreira~Rodrigues$^{2}$,
M.~Ferro-Luzzi$^{40}$,
S.~Filippov$^{34}$,
R.A.~Fini$^{14}$,
M.~Fiore$^{17,g}$,
M.~Fiorini$^{17,g}$,
M.~Firlej$^{28}$,
C.~Fitzpatrick$^{41}$,
T.~Fiutowski$^{28}$,
F.~Fleuret$^{7,b}$,
K.~Fohl$^{40}$,
M.~Fontana$^{16,40}$,
F.~Fontanelli$^{20,h}$,
D.C.~Forshaw$^{61}$,
R.~Forty$^{40}$,
V.~Franco~Lima$^{54}$,
M.~Frank$^{40}$,
C.~Frei$^{40}$,
J.~Fu$^{22,q}$,
W.~Funk$^{40}$,
E.~Furfaro$^{25,j}$,
C.~F{\"a}rber$^{40}$,
A.~Gallas~Torreira$^{39}$,
D.~Galli$^{15,e}$,
S.~Gallorini$^{23}$,
S.~Gambetta$^{52}$,
M.~Gandelman$^{2}$,
P.~Gandini$^{57}$,
Y.~Gao$^{3}$,
L.M.~Garcia~Martin$^{69}$,
J.~Garc{\'\i}a~Pardi{\~n}as$^{39}$,
J.~Garra~Tico$^{49}$,
L.~Garrido$^{38}$,
P.J.~Garsed$^{49}$,
D.~Gascon$^{38}$,
C.~Gaspar$^{40}$,
L.~Gavardi$^{10}$,
G.~Gazzoni$^{5}$,
D.~Gerick$^{12}$,
E.~Gersabeck$^{12}$,
M.~Gersabeck$^{56}$,
T.~Gershon$^{50}$,
Ph.~Ghez$^{4}$,
S.~Gian{\`\i}$^{41}$,
V.~Gibson$^{49}$,
O.G.~Girard$^{41}$,
L.~Giubega$^{30}$,
K.~Gizdov$^{52}$,
V.V.~Gligorov$^{8}$,
D.~Golubkov$^{32}$,
A.~Golutvin$^{55,40}$,
A.~Gomes$^{1,a}$,
I.V.~Gorelov$^{33}$,
C.~Gotti$^{21,i}$,
E.~Govorkova$^{43}$,
R.~Graciani~Diaz$^{38}$,
L.A.~Granado~Cardoso$^{40}$,
E.~Graug{\'e}s$^{38}$,
E.~Graverini$^{42}$,
G.~Graziani$^{18}$,
A.~Grecu$^{30}$,
R.~Greim$^{9}$,
P.~Griffith$^{16}$,
L.~Grillo$^{21,40,i}$,
B.R.~Gruberg~Cazon$^{57}$,
O.~Gr{\"u}nberg$^{67}$,
E.~Gushchin$^{34}$,
Yu.~Guz$^{37}$,
T.~Gys$^{40}$,
C.~G{\"o}bel$^{62}$,
T.~Hadavizadeh$^{57}$,
C.~Hadjivasiliou$^{5}$,
G.~Haefeli$^{41}$,
C.~Haen$^{40}$,
S.C.~Haines$^{49}$,
B.~Hamilton$^{60}$,
X.~Han$^{12}$,
S.~Hansmann-Menzemer$^{12}$,
N.~Harnew$^{57}$,
S.T.~Harnew$^{48}$,
J.~Harrison$^{56}$,
M.~Hatch$^{40}$,
J.~He$^{63}$,
T.~Head$^{41}$,
A.~Heister$^{9}$,
K.~Hennessy$^{54}$,
P.~Henrard$^{5}$,
L.~Henry$^{69}$,
E.~van~Herwijnen$^{40}$,
M.~He{\ss}$^{67}$,
A.~Hicheur$^{2}$,
D.~Hill$^{57}$,
C.~Hombach$^{56}$,
P.H.~Hopchev$^{41}$,
Z.-C.~Huard$^{59}$,
W.~Hulsbergen$^{43}$,
T.~Humair$^{55}$,
M.~Hushchyn$^{35}$,
D.~Hutchcroft$^{54}$,
M.~Idzik$^{28}$,
P.~Ilten$^{58}$,
R.~Jacobsson$^{40}$,
J.~Jalocha$^{57}$,
E.~Jans$^{43}$,
A.~Jawahery$^{60}$,
F.~Jiang$^{3}$,
M.~John$^{57}$,
D.~Johnson$^{40}$,
C.R.~Jones$^{49}$,
C.~Joram$^{40}$,
B.~Jost$^{40}$,
N.~Jurik$^{57}$,
S.~Kandybei$^{45}$,
M.~Karacson$^{40}$,
J.M.~Kariuki$^{48}$,
S.~Karodia$^{53}$,
M.~Kecke$^{12}$,
M.~Kelsey$^{61}$,
M.~Kenzie$^{49}$,
T.~Ketel$^{44}$,
E.~Khairullin$^{35}$,
B.~Khanji$^{12}$,
C.~Khurewathanakul$^{41}$,
T.~Kirn$^{9}$,
S.~Klaver$^{56}$,
K.~Klimaszewski$^{29}$,
T.~Klimkovich$^{11}$,
S.~Koliiev$^{46}$,
M.~Kolpin$^{12}$,
I.~Komarov$^{41}$,
P.~Koppenburg$^{43}$,
A.~Kosmyntseva$^{32}$,
S.~Kotriakhova$^{31}$,
M.~Kozeiha$^{5}$,
L.~Kravchuk$^{34}$,
K.~Kreplin$^{12}$,
M.~Kreps$^{50}$,
P.~Krokovny$^{36,w}$,
F.~Kruse$^{10}$,
W.~Krzemien$^{29}$,
W.~Kucewicz$^{27,l}$,
M.~Kucharczyk$^{27}$,
V.~Kudryavtsev$^{36,w}$,
A.K.~Kuonen$^{41}$,
K.~Kurek$^{29}$,
T.~Kvaratskheliya$^{32,40}$,
D.~Lacarrere$^{40}$,
G.~Lafferty$^{56}$,
A.~Lai$^{16}$,
G.~Lanfranchi$^{19}$,
C.~Langenbruch$^{9}$,
T.~Latham$^{50}$,
C.~Lazzeroni$^{47}$,
R.~Le~Gac$^{6}$,
J.~van~Leerdam$^{43}$,
A.~Leflat$^{33,40}$,
J.~Lefran{\c{c}}ois$^{7}$,
R.~Lef{\`e}vre$^{5}$,
F.~Lemaitre$^{40}$,
E.~Lemos~Cid$^{39}$,
O.~Leroy$^{6}$,
T.~Lesiak$^{27}$,
B.~Leverington$^{12}$,
T.~Li$^{3}$,
Y.~Li$^{7}$,
Z.~Li$^{61}$,
T.~Likhomanenko$^{35,68}$,
R.~Lindner$^{40}$,
F.~Lionetto$^{42}$,
X.~Liu$^{3}$,
D.~Loh$^{50}$,
I.~Longstaff$^{53}$,
J.H.~Lopes$^{2}$,
D.~Lucchesi$^{23,o}$,
M.~Lucio~Martinez$^{39}$,
H.~Luo$^{52}$,
A.~Lupato$^{23}$,
E.~Luppi$^{17,g}$,
O.~Lupton$^{40}$,
A.~Lusiani$^{24}$,
X.~Lyu$^{63}$,
F.~Machefert$^{7}$,
F.~Maciuc$^{30}$,
O.~Maev$^{31}$,
K.~Maguire$^{56}$,
S.~Malde$^{57}$,
A.~Malinin$^{68}$,
T.~Maltsev$^{36}$,
G.~Manca$^{16,f}$,
G.~Mancinelli$^{6}$,
P.~Manning$^{61}$,
J.~Maratas$^{5,v}$,
J.F.~Marchand$^{4}$,
U.~Marconi$^{15}$,
C.~Marin~Benito$^{38}$,
M.~Marinangeli$^{41}$,
P.~Marino$^{24,t}$,
J.~Marks$^{12}$,
G.~Martellotti$^{26}$,
M.~Martin$^{6}$,
M.~Martinelli$^{41}$,
D.~Martinez~Santos$^{39}$,
F.~Martinez~Vidal$^{69}$,
D.~Martins~Tostes$^{2}$,
L.M.~Massacrier$^{7}$,
A.~Massafferri$^{1}$,
R.~Matev$^{40}$,
A.~Mathad$^{50}$,
Z.~Mathe$^{40}$,
C.~Matteuzzi$^{21}$,
A.~Mauri$^{42}$,
E.~Maurice$^{7,b}$,
B.~Maurin$^{41}$,
A.~Mazurov$^{47}$,
M.~McCann$^{55,40}$,
A.~McNab$^{56}$,
R.~McNulty$^{13}$,
B.~Meadows$^{59}$,
F.~Meier$^{10}$,
D.~Melnychuk$^{29}$,
M.~Merk$^{43}$,
A.~Merli$^{22,40,q}$,
E.~Michielin$^{23}$,
D.A.~Milanes$^{66}$,
M.-N.~Minard$^{4}$,
D.S.~Mitzel$^{12}$,
A.~Mogini$^{8}$,
J.~Molina~Rodriguez$^{1}$,
I.A.~Monroy$^{66}$,
S.~Monteil$^{5}$,
M.~Morandin$^{23}$,
P.~Morawski$^{28}$,
M.J.~Morello$^{24,t}$,
O.~Morgunova$^{68}$,
J.~Moron$^{28}$,
A.B.~Morris$^{52}$,
R.~Mountain$^{61}$,
F.~Muheim$^{52}$,
M.~Mulder$^{43}$,
M.~Mussini$^{15}$,
D.~M{\"u}ller$^{56}$,
J.~M{\"u}ller$^{10}$,
K.~M{\"u}ller$^{42}$,
V.~M{\"u}ller$^{10}$,
P.~Naik$^{48}$,
T.~Nakada$^{41}$,
R.~Nandakumar$^{51}$,
A.~Nandi$^{57}$,
I.~Nasteva$^{2}$,
M.~Needham$^{52}$,
N.~Neri$^{22,40}$,
S.~Neubert$^{12}$,
N.~Neufeld$^{40}$,
M.~Neuner$^{12}$,
T.D.~Nguyen$^{41}$,
C.~Nguyen-Mau$^{41,n}$,
S.~Nieswand$^{9}$,
R.~Niet$^{10}$,
N.~Nikitin$^{33}$,
T.~Nikodem$^{12}$,
A.~Nogay$^{68}$,
A.~Novoselov$^{37}$,
D.P.~O'Hanlon$^{50}$,
A.~Oblakowska-Mucha$^{28}$,
V.~Obraztsov$^{37}$,
S.~Ogilvy$^{19}$,
R.~Oldeman$^{16,f}$,
C.J.G.~Onderwater$^{70}$,
J.M.~Otalora~Goicochea$^{2}$,
A.~Otto$^{40}$,
P.~Owen$^{42}$,
A.~Oyanguren$^{69}$,
P.R.~Pais$^{41}$,
A.~Palano$^{14,d}$,
M.~Palutan$^{19,40}$,
A.~Papanestis$^{51}$,
M.~Pappagallo$^{14,d}$,
L.L.~Pappalardo$^{17,g}$,
C.~Pappenheimer$^{59}$,
W.~Parker$^{60}$,
C.~Parkes$^{56}$,
G.~Passaleva$^{18}$,
A.~Pastore$^{14,d}$,
M.~Patel$^{55}$,
C.~Patrignani$^{15,e}$,
A.~Pearce$^{40}$,
A.~Pellegrino$^{43}$,
G.~Penso$^{26}$,
M.~Pepe~Altarelli$^{40}$,
S.~Perazzini$^{40}$,
P.~Perret$^{5}$,
M.~Perrin-Terrin$^{6}$,
L.~Pescatore$^{41}$,
K.~Petridis$^{48}$,
A.~Petrolini$^{20,h}$,
A.~Petrov$^{68}$,
M.~Petruzzo$^{22,q}$,
E.~Picatoste~Olloqui$^{38}$,
B.~Pietrzyk$^{4}$,
M.~Pikies$^{27}$,
D.~Pinci$^{26}$,
A.~Pistone$^{20}$,
A.~Piucci$^{12}$,
V.~Placinta$^{30}$,
S.~Playfer$^{52}$,
M.~Plo~Casasus$^{39}$,
T.~Poikela$^{40}$,
F.~Polci$^{8}$,
M.~Poli~Lener$^{19}$,
A.~Poluektov$^{50,36}$,
I.~Polyakov$^{61}$,
E.~Polycarpo$^{2}$,
G.J.~Pomery$^{48}$,
S.~Ponce$^{40}$,
A.~Popov$^{37}$,
D.~Popov$^{11,40}$,
B.~Popovici$^{30}$,
S.~Poslavskii$^{37}$,
C.~Potterat$^{2}$,
E.~Price$^{48}$,
J.~Prisciandaro$^{39}$,
C.~Prouve$^{48}$,
V.~Pugatch$^{46}$,
A.~Puig~Navarro$^{42}$,
G.~Punzi$^{24,p}$,
C.~Qian$^{63}$,
W.~Qian$^{50}$,
R.~Quagliani$^{7,48}$,
B.~Rachwal$^{27}$,
J.H.~Rademacker$^{48}$,
M.~Rama$^{24}$,
M.~Ramos~Pernas$^{39}$,
M.S.~Rangel$^{2}$,
I.~Raniuk$^{45,\dagger}$,
F.~Ratnikov$^{35}$,
G.~Raven$^{44}$,
F.~Redi$^{55}$,
S.~Reichert$^{10}$,
A.C.~dos~Reis$^{1}$,
C.~Remon~Alepuz$^{69}$,
V.~Renaudin$^{7}$,
S.~Ricciardi$^{51}$,
S.~Richards$^{48}$,
M.~Rihl$^{40}$,
K.~Rinnert$^{54}$,
V.~Rives~Molina$^{38}$,
P.~Robbe$^{7}$,
A.B.~Rodrigues$^{1}$,
E.~Rodrigues$^{59}$,
J.A.~Rodriguez~Lopez$^{66}$,
P.~Rodriguez~Perez$^{56,\dagger}$,
A.~Rogozhnikov$^{35}$,
S.~Roiser$^{40}$,
A.~Rollings$^{57}$,
V.~Romanovskiy$^{37}$,
A.~Romero~Vidal$^{39}$,
J.W.~Ronayne$^{13}$,
M.~Rotondo$^{19}$,
M.S.~Rudolph$^{61}$,
T.~Ruf$^{40}$,
P.~Ruiz~Valls$^{69}$,
J.J.~Saborido~Silva$^{39}$,
E.~Sadykhov$^{32}$,
N.~Sagidova$^{31}$,
B.~Saitta$^{16,f}$,
V.~Salustino~Guimaraes$^{1}$,
D.~Sanchez~Gonzalo$^{38}$,
C.~Sanchez~Mayordomo$^{69}$,
B.~Sanmartin~Sedes$^{39}$,
R.~Santacesaria$^{26}$,
C.~Santamarina~Rios$^{39}$,
M.~Santimaria$^{19}$,
E.~Santovetti$^{25,j}$,
A.~Sarti$^{19,k}$,
C.~Satriano$^{26,s}$,
A.~Satta$^{25}$,
D.M.~Saunders$^{48}$,
D.~Savrina$^{32,33}$,
S.~Schael$^{9}$,
M.~Schellenberg$^{10}$,
M.~Schiller$^{53}$,
H.~Schindler$^{40}$,
M.~Schlupp$^{10}$,
M.~Schmelling$^{11}$,
T.~Schmelzer$^{10}$,
B.~Schmidt$^{40}$,
O.~Schneider$^{41}$,
A.~Schopper$^{40}$,
H.F.~Schreiner$^{59}$,
K.~Schubert$^{10}$,
M.~Schubiger$^{41}$,
M.-H.~Schune$^{7}$,
R.~Schwemmer$^{40}$,
B.~Sciascia$^{19}$,
A.~Sciubba$^{26,k}$,
A.~Semennikov$^{32}$,
A.~Sergi$^{47}$,
N.~Serra$^{42}$,
J.~Serrano$^{6}$,
L.~Sestini$^{23}$,
P.~Seyfert$^{21}$,
M.~Shapkin$^{37}$,
I.~Shapoval$^{45}$,
Y.~Shcheglov$^{31}$,
T.~Shears$^{54}$,
L.~Shekhtman$^{36,w}$,
V.~Shevchenko$^{68}$,
B.G.~Siddi$^{17,40}$,
R.~Silva~Coutinho$^{42}$,
L.~Silva~de~Oliveira$^{2}$,
G.~Simi$^{23,o}$,
S.~Simone$^{14,d}$,
M.~Sirendi$^{49}$,
N.~Skidmore$^{48}$,
T.~Skwarnicki$^{61}$,
E.~Smith$^{55}$,
I.T.~Smith$^{52}$,
J.~Smith$^{49}$,
M.~Smith$^{55}$,
l.~Soares~Lavra$^{1}$,
M.D.~Sokoloff$^{59}$,
F.J.P.~Soler$^{53}$,
B.~Souza~De~Paula$^{2}$,
B.~Spaan$^{10}$,
P.~Spradlin$^{53}$,
S.~Sridharan$^{40}$,
F.~Stagni$^{40}$,
M.~Stahl$^{12}$,
S.~Stahl$^{40}$,
P.~Stefko$^{41}$,
S.~Stefkova$^{55}$,
O.~Steinkamp$^{42}$,
S.~Stemmle$^{12}$,
O.~Stenyakin$^{37}$,
H.~Stevens$^{10}$,
S.~Stoica$^{30}$,
S.~Stone$^{61}$,
B.~Storaci$^{42}$,
S.~Stracka$^{24,p}$,
M.E.~Stramaglia$^{41}$,
M.~Straticiuc$^{30}$,
U.~Straumann$^{42}$,
L.~Sun$^{64}$,
W.~Sutcliffe$^{55}$,
K.~Swientek$^{28}$,
V.~Syropoulos$^{44}$,
M.~Szczekowski$^{29}$,
T.~Szumlak$^{28}$,
S.~T'Jampens$^{4}$,
A.~Tayduganov$^{6}$,
T.~Tekampe$^{10}$,
G.~Tellarini$^{17,g}$,
F.~Teubert$^{40}$,
E.~Thomas$^{40}$,
J.~van~Tilburg$^{43}$,
M.J.~Tilley$^{55}$,
V.~Tisserand$^{4}$,
M.~Tobin$^{41}$,
S.~Tolk$^{49}$,
L.~Tomassetti$^{17,g}$,
D.~Tonelli$^{40}$,
S.~Topp-Joergensen$^{57}$,
F.~Toriello$^{61}$,
R.~Tourinho~Jadallah~Aoude$^{1}$,
E.~Tournefier$^{4}$,
S.~Tourneur$^{41}$,
K.~Trabelsi$^{41}$,
M.~Traill$^{53}$,
M.T.~Tran$^{41}$,
M.~Tresch$^{42}$,
A.~Trisovic$^{40}$,
A.~Tsaregorodtsev$^{6}$,
P.~Tsopelas$^{43}$,
A.~Tully$^{49}$,
N.~Tuning$^{43}$,
A.~Ukleja$^{29}$,
A.~Ustyuzhanin$^{35}$,
U.~Uwer$^{12}$,
C.~Vacca$^{16,f}$,
V.~Vagnoni$^{15,40}$,
A.~Valassi$^{40}$,
S.~Valat$^{40}$,
G.~Valenti$^{15}$,
R.~Vazquez~Gomez$^{19}$,
P.~Vazquez~Regueiro$^{39}$,
S.~Vecchi$^{17}$,
M.~van~Veghel$^{43}$,
J.J.~Velthuis$^{48}$,
M.~Veltri$^{18,r}$,
G.~Veneziano$^{57}$,
A.~Venkateswaran$^{61}$,
T.A.~Verlage$^{9}$,
M.~Vernet$^{5}$,
M.~Vesterinen$^{12}$,
J.V.~Viana~Barbosa$^{40}$,
B.~Viaud$^{7}$,
D.~~Vieira$^{63}$,
M.~Vieites~Diaz$^{39}$,
H.~Viemann$^{67}$,
X.~Vilasis-Cardona$^{38,m}$,
M.~Vitti$^{49}$,
V.~Volkov$^{33}$,
A.~Vollhardt$^{42}$,
B.~Voneki$^{40}$,
A.~Vorobyev$^{31}$,
V.~Vorobyev$^{36,w}$,
C.~Vo{\ss}$^{9}$,
J.A.~de~Vries$^{43}$,
C.~V{\'a}zquez~Sierra$^{39}$,
R.~Waldi$^{67}$,
C.~Wallace$^{50}$,
R.~Wallace$^{13}$,
J.~Walsh$^{24}$,
J.~Wang$^{61}$,
D.R.~Ward$^{49}$,
H.M.~Wark$^{54}$,
N.K.~Watson$^{47}$,
D.~Websdale$^{55}$,
A.~Weiden$^{42}$,
M.~Whitehead$^{40}$,
J.~Wicht$^{50}$,
G.~Wilkinson$^{57,40}$,
M.~Wilkinson$^{61}$,
M.~Williams$^{40}$,
M.P.~Williams$^{47}$,
M.~Williams$^{58}$,
T.~Williams$^{47}$,
F.F.~Wilson$^{51}$,
J.~Wimberley$^{60}$,
M.A.~Winn$^{7}$,
J.~Wishahi$^{10}$,
W.~Wislicki$^{29}$,
M.~Witek$^{27}$,
G.~Wormser$^{7}$,
S.A.~Wotton$^{49}$,
K.~Wraight$^{53}$,
K.~Wyllie$^{40}$,
Y.~Xie$^{65}$,
Z.~Xing$^{61}$,
Z.~Xu$^{4}$,
Z.~Yang$^{3}$,
Z.~Yang$^{60}$,
Y.~Yao$^{61}$,
H.~Yin$^{65}$,
J.~Yu$^{65}$,
X.~Yuan$^{36,w}$,
O.~Yushchenko$^{37}$,
K.A.~Zarebski$^{47}$,
M.~Zavertyaev$^{11,c}$,
L.~Zhang$^{3}$,
Y.~Zhang$^{7}$,
A.~Zhelezov$^{12}$,
Y.~Zheng$^{63}$,
X.~Zhu$^{3}$,
V.~Zhukov$^{33}$,
S.~Zucchelli$^{15}$.\bigskip

{\footnotesize \it
$ ^{1}$Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F{\'\i}sicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\\
$ ^{2}$Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil\\
$ ^{3}$Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China\\
$ ^{4}$LAPP, Universit{\'e} Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France\\
$ ^{5}$Clermont Universit{\'e}, Universit{\'e} Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France\\
$ ^{6}$CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universit{\'e}, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France\\
$ ^{7}$LAL, Universit{\'e} Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France\\
$ ^{8}$LPNHE, Universit{\'e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Universit{\'e} Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France\\
$ ^{9}$I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany\\
$ ^{10}$Fakult{\"a}t Physik, Technische Universit{\"a}t Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany\\
$ ^{11}$Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany\\
$ ^{12}$Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universit{\"a}t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany\\
$ ^{13}$School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland\\
$ ^{14}$Sezione INFN di Bari, Bari, Italy\\
$ ^{15}$Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy\\
$ ^{16}$Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy\\
$ ^{17}$Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy\\
$ ^{18}$Sezione INFN di Firenze, Firenze, Italy\\
$ ^{19}$Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy\\
$ ^{20}$Sezione INFN di Genova, Genova, Italy\\
$ ^{21}$Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy\\
$ ^{22}$Sezione INFN di Milano, Milano, Italy\\
$ ^{23}$Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy\\
$ ^{24}$Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy\\
$ ^{25}$Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy\\
$ ^{26}$Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy\\
$ ^{27}$Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics  Polish Academy of Sciences, Krak{\'o}w, Poland\\
$ ^{28}$AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krak{\'o}w, Poland\\
$ ^{29}$National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland\\
$ ^{30}$Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania\\
$ ^{31}$Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia\\
$ ^{32}$Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia\\
$ ^{33}$Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia\\
$ ^{34}$Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAN), Moscow, Russia\\
$ ^{35}$Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia\\
$ ^{36}$Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia\\
$ ^{37}$Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia\\
$ ^{38}$ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain\\
$ ^{39}$Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain\\
$ ^{40}$European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland\\
$ ^{41}$Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique  F{\'e}d{\'e}rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland\\
$ ^{42}$Physik-Institut, Universit{\"a}t Z{\"u}rich, Z{\"u}rich, Switzerland\\
$ ^{43}$Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands\\
$ ^{44}$Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands\\
$ ^{45}$NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine\\
$ ^{46}$Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine\\
$ ^{47}$University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{48}$H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{49}$Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{50}$Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{51}$STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{52}$School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{53}$School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{54}$Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{55}$Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{56}$School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{57}$Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\\
$ ^{58}$Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States\\
$ ^{59}$University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States\\
$ ^{60}$University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States\\
$ ^{61}$Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States\\
$ ^{62}$Pontif{\'\i}cia Universidade Cat{\'o}lica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, associated to $^{2}$\\
$ ^{63}$University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, associated to $^{3}$\\
$ ^{64}$School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, associated to $^{3}$\\
$ ^{65}$Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China, associated to $^{3}$\\
$ ^{66}$Departamento de Fisica , Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, associated to $^{8}$\\
$ ^{67}$Institut f{\"u}r Physik, Universit{\"a}t Rostock, Rostock, Germany, associated to $^{12}$\\
$ ^{68}$National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia, associated to $^{32}$\\
$ ^{69}$Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain, associated to $^{38}$\\
$ ^{70}$Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, associated to $^{43}$\\
\bigskip
$ ^{a}$Universidade Federal do Tri{\^a}ngulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba-MG, Brazil\\
$ ^{b}$Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France\\
$ ^{c}$P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Science (LPI RAS), Moscow, Russia\\
$ ^{d}$Universit{\`a} di Bari, Bari, Italy\\
$ ^{e}$Universit{\`a} di Bologna, Bologna, Italy\\
$ ^{f}$Universit{\`a} di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy\\
$ ^{g}$Universit{\`a} di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy\\
$ ^{h}$Universit{\`a} di Genova, Genova, Italy\\
$ ^{i}$Universit{\`a} di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy\\
$ ^{j}$Universit{\`a} di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy\\
$ ^{k}$Universit{\`a} di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy\\
$ ^{l}$AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, Krak{\'o}w, Poland\\
$ ^{m}$LIFAELS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain\\
$ ^{n}$Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam\\
$ ^{o}$Universit{\`a} di Padova, Padova, Italy\\
$ ^{p}$Universit{\`a} di Pisa, Pisa, Italy\\
$ ^{q}$Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy\\
$ ^{r}$Universit{\`a} di Urbino, Urbino, Italy\\
$ ^{s}$Universit{\`a} della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy\\
$ ^{t}$Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy\\
$ ^{u}$Universit{\`a} di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy\\
$ ^{v}$Iligan Institute of Technology (IIT), Iligan, Philippines\\
$ ^{w}$Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia\\
\medskip
$ ^{\dagger}$Deceased
}
\end{flushleft}

\clearpage
%\input{supplementary}
\clearpage
%\input{prl_justification}

\end{document}

main.bbl
\ifx\mcitethebibliography\mciteundefinedmacro
\PackageError{LHCb.bst}{mciteplus.sty has not been loaded}
{This bibstyle requires the use of the mciteplus package.}\fi
\providecommand{\href}[2]{#2}
\begin{mcitethebibliography}{10}
\mciteSetBstSublistMode{n}
\mciteSetBstMaxWidthForm{subitem}{\alph{mcitesubitemcount})}
\mciteSetBstSublistLabelBeginEnd{\mcitemaxwidthsubitemform\space}
{\relax}{\relax}

\bibitem{Witzel:2013sla}
RBC-UKQCD collaborations, O.~Witzel,
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{$B$-meson decay constants with
  domain-wall light quarks and nonperturbatively tuned relativistic
  $b$-quarks}}, }{}\href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.0276}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1311.0276}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Na:2012kp}
HPQCD collaboration, H.~Na {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{$B$ and $B_s$ meson decay
  constants from lattice QCD}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86.034506}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  \textbf{D86} (2012) 034506},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.4914}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1202.4914}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Bazavov:2011aa}
Fermilab Lattice and MILC collaborations, A.~Bazavov {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{B- and D-meson decay constants
  from three-flavor lattice QCD}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.85.114506}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  \textbf{D85} (2012) 114506},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.3051}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1112.3051}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Bobeth:2013uxa}
C.~Bobeth {\em et~al.}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{$B_{s,d}
  \to l^+ l^-$ in the Standard Model with reduced theoretical uncertainty}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.101801}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  Lett.\  \textbf{112} (2014) 101801},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.0903}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1311.0903}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Babu:1999hn}
K.~S. Babu and C.~F. Kolda, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Higgs
  mediated $B^0 \to \mu^{+} \mu^{-}$ in minimal supersymmetry}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.228}{Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\
  \textbf{84} (2000) 228},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9909476}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:hep-ph/9909476}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Isidori:2001fv}
G.~Isidori and A.~Retico, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Scalar
  flavor changing neutral currents in the large tan beta limit}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2001/11/001}{JHEP \textbf{11}
  (2001) 001}, \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0110121}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:hep-ph/0110121}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Buras:2002wq}
A.~J. Buras, P.~H. Chankowski, J.~Rosiek, and L.~Slawianowska,
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Correlation between $\Delta M_s$
  and $B^0_{s, d} \to \mu^{+} \mu^{-}$ in supersymmetry at large $\tan
  \beta$}}, }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02639-4}{Phys.\
  Lett.\  \textbf{B546} (2002) 96},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0207241}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:hep-ph/0207241}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PAPER-2014-049}
CMS and LHCb collaborations, V.~Khachatryan {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Observation of the rare $B_s^0
  \to \mu^+\mu^-$ decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14474}{Nature \textbf{522} (2015)
  68}, \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.4413}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1411.4413}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PAPER-2013-046}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Measurement of the
  $B_s^0\to\mu^+\mu^-$ branching fraction and search for $B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-$
  decays at the LHCb experiment}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.101805}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  Lett.\  \textbf{111} (2013) 101805},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.5024}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1307.5024}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Chatrchyan:2013bka}
CMS collaboration, S.~Chatrchyan {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Measurement of the
  $B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-$ branching fraction and search for $B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-$
  with the CMS experiment}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.101804}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  Lett.\  \textbf{111} (2013) 101804},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.5025}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1307.5025}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Aaboud:2016ire}
ATLAS collaboration, M.~Aaboud {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Study of the rare decays of
  $B^0_s$ and $B^0$ into muon pairs from data collected during the LHC Run 1
  with the ATLAS detector}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4338-8}{Eur.\ Phys.\ J.\
  \textbf{C76} (2016) 513},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.04263}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1604.04263}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Amhis:2016xyh}
Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG), Y.~Amhis {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Averages of $b$-hadron,
  $c$-hadron, and $\tau$-lepton properties as of summer 2016}},
  }{}\href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.07233}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1612.07233}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{DeBruyn:2012wk}
K.~De~Bruyn {\em et~al.}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Probing
  New Physics via the $B^0_s\to \mu^+\mu^-$ effective lifetime}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.041801}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  Lett.\  \textbf{109} (2012) 041801},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1204.1737}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1204.1737}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{DeBruyn:2012wj}
K.~De~Bruyn {\em et~al.}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Branching
  ratio measurements of $B_s$ decays}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86.014027}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  \textbf{D86} (2012) 014027},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1204.1735}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1204.1735}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Olive:2016xmw}
Particle Data Group, C.~Patrignani {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Review of Particle Physics}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001}{Chin.\ Phys.\
  \textbf{C40} (2016) 100001}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{bdt_book}
L.~Breiman, J.~H. Friedman, R.~A. Olshen, and C.~J. Stone, {\em Classification
  and regression trees}, Wadsworth international group, 1984\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Alves:2008zz}
LHCb collaboration, A.~A. Alves~Jr.\ {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{The \lhcb detector at the LHC}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08005}{JINST \textbf{3}
  (2008) S08005}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-DP-2014-002}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{LHCb detector performance}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X15300227}{Int.\ J.\ Mod.\ Phys.\
  \textbf{A30} (2015) 1530022},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6352}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1412.6352}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Sjostrand:2006za}
T.~Sj\"{o}strand, S.~Mrenna, and P.~Skands,
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2006/05/026}{JHEP \textbf{05}
  (2006) 026}, \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0603175}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:hep-ph/0603175}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Sjostrand:2007gs}
T.~Sj\"{o}strand, S.~Mrenna, and P.~Skands,
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{A brief introduction to PYTHIA
  8.1}}, }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2008.01.036}{Comput.\ Phys.\
  Commun.\  \textbf{178} (2008) 852},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/0710.3820}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:0710.3820}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PROC-2010-056}
I.~Belyaev {\em et~al.}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Handling
  of the generation of primary events in Gauss, the LHCb simulation
  framework}}, }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/331/3/032047}{{J.\
  Phys.\ Conf.\ Ser.\ } \textbf{331} (2011) 032047}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Lange:2001uf}
D.~J. Lange, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{The EvtGen particle
  decay simulation package}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00089-4}{Nucl.\ Instrum.\
  Meth.\  \textbf{A462} (2001) 152}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Agostinelli:2002hh}
Geant4 collaboration, S.~Agostinelli {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Geant4: A simulation toolkit}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8}{Nucl.\ Instrum.\
  Meth.\  \textbf{A506} (2003) 250}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Allison:2006ve}
Geant4 collaboration, J.~Allison {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Geant4 developments and
  applications}}, }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2006.869826}{IEEE
  Trans.\ Nucl.\ Sci.\  \textbf{53} (2006) 270}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PROC-2011-006}
M.~Clemencic {\em et~al.}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{The
  \lhcb simulation application, Gauss: Design, evolution and experience}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/331/3/032023}{{J.\ Phys.\ Conf.\
  Ser.\ } \textbf{331} (2011) 032023}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Golonka:2005pn}
P.~Golonka and Z.~Was, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{PHOTOS Monte
  Carlo: A precision tool for QED corrections in $Z$ and $W$ decays}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2005-02396-4}{Eur.\ Phys.\ J.\
  \textbf{C45} (2006) 97},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0506026}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:hep-ph/0506026}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Aaij:2012me}
R.~Aaij {\em et~al.}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{The LHCb
  trigger and its performance in 2011}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/04/P04022}{JINST \textbf{8}
  (2013) P04022}, \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.3055}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1211.3055}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Archilli:2013npa}
F.~Archilli {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Performance of the muon
  identification at LHCb}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/10/P10020}{JINST \textbf{8}
  (2013) P10020}, \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0249}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1306.0249}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PAPER-2012-007}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Strong constraints on the rare
  decays $B^0_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ and $B^0 \to \mu^+ \mu^-$}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.231801}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  Lett.\  \textbf{108} (2012) 231801},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.4493}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1203.4493}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Skwarnicki:1986xj}
T.~Skwarnicki, {\em {A study of the radiative cascade transitions between the
  Upsilon-prime and Upsilon resonances}}, PhD thesis, Institute of Nuclear
  Physics, Krakow, 1986,
  {\href{http://inspirehep.net/record/230779/}{DESY-F31-86-02}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{fsfd}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Measurement of the fragmentation
  fraction ratio $f_s/f_d$ and its dependence on $B$ meson kinematics}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2013)001}{JHEP \textbf{04} (2013)
  001}, \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.5286}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1301.5286}}, $f_s/f_d$ value updated in
  \href{https://cds.cern.ch/record/1559262}{LHCb-CONF-2013-011}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-DP-2013-002}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Measurement of the track
  reconstruction efficiency at LHCb}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/10/02/P02007}{JINST \textbf{10}
  (2015) P02007}, \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1408.1251}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1408.1251}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Anderlini:2202412}
L.~Anderlini {\em et~al.}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{The
  PIDCalib package}}, }{}\href{https://cds.\ cern.\
  ch/record/2202412}{LHCb-PUB-2016-021}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Tolk:1701134}
S.~Tolk, J.~Albrecht, F.~Dettori, and A.~Pellegrino,
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Data driven trigger efficiency
  determination at LHCb}}, }{}\href{https://cds.\ cern.\
  ch/record/1701134}{LHCb-PUB-2014-039}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PAPER-2015-013}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Determination of the quark
  coupling strength $|V_{ub}|$ using baryonic decays}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys3415}{Nature Physics \textbf{11}
  (2015) 743}, \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.01568}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1504.01568}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Bouchard:2014ypa}
C.~M. Bouchard {\em et~al.}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{$B_s
  \to K \ell \nu$ form factors from lattice QCD}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.90.054506}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  \textbf{D90} (2014) 054506},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2279}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1406.2279}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Flynn:2015mha}
J.~M. Flynn {\em et~al.}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{$B \to
  \pi \ell \nu$ and $B_s \to K \ell \nu$ form factors and $|V_{ub}|$ from
  2+1-flavor lattice QCD with domain-wall light quarks and relativistic heavy
  quarks}}, }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.074510}{Phys.\ Rev.\
   \textbf{D91} (2015) 074510},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.05373}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1501.05373}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PAPER-2014-050}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Measurement of $B_c^+$ production
  at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.132001}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  Lett.\  \textbf{114} (2015) 132001},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.2943}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1411.2943}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PAPER-2014-025}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Measurement of the ratio of
  $B_c^+$ branching fractions to $J/\psi\pi^+$ and $J/\psi\mu^+\nu_\mu$}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.90.032009}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  \textbf{D90} (2014) 032009},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1407.2126}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1407.2126}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PAPER-2015-035}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{First measurement of the
  differential branching fraction and $C\!P$ asymmetry of the $B^+ \to \pi^+
  \mu^+ \mu^-$ decay}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2015)034}{JHEP \textbf{10} (2015)
  034}, \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.00414}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1509.00414}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Wang:2012ab}
W.-F. Wang and Z.-J. Xiao, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{The
  semileptonic decays $B/B_s \to (\pi, K)(\ell^+\ell^-,\ell\nu,\nu\bar{\nu})$
  in the perturbative QCD approach beyond the leading-order}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86.114025}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  \textbf{D86} (2012) 114025},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.0265}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1207.0265}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Melikhov:2004mk}
D.~Melikhov and N.~Nikitin, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Rare
  radiative leptonic decays $B_{d,s}\to l^+l^- \gamma$}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.114028}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  \textbf{D70} (2004) 114028},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0410146}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:hep-ph/0410146}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Aditya:2012im}
Y.~G. Aditya, K.~J. Healey, and A.~A. Petrov,
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Faking $B_s \to \mu^+\mu^-$}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.074028}{Phys.\ Rev.\
  \textbf{D87} (2013) 074028},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.4166}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1212.4166}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{roofit}
W.~{Verkerke} and D.~{Kirkby}, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{The
  RooFit toolkit for data modeling}},
  }{}\href{http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0306116}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:physics/0306116}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Wilks:1938dza}
S.~S. Wilks, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{The large-sample
  distribution of the likelihood ratio for testing composite hypotheses}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177732360}{Annals Math.\ Statist.\
  \textbf{9} (1938) 60}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Read:2002hq}
A.~L. Read, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Presentation of search
  results: The CL$_S$ technique}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/28/10/313}{J.\ Phys.\
  \textbf{G28} (2002) 2693}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{Pivk:2004ty}
M.~Pivk and F.~R. Le~Diberder,
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{sPlot: A statistical tool to
  unfold data distributions}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.106}{Nucl.\ Instrum.\
  Meth.\  \textbf{A555} (2005) 356},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0402083}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:physics/0402083}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PAPER-2014-042}
LHCb collaboration, R.~Aaij {\em et~al.},
  \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Measurement of the
  $\overline{B}^0$--$B^0$ and $\overline{B}^0_s$--$B^0_s$ production
  asymmetries in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV}},
  }{}\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2014.10.005}{Phys.\ Lett.\
  \textbf{B739} (2014) 218},
  \href{http://arxiv.org/abs/1408.0275}{{\normalfont\ttfamily
  arXiv:1408.0275}}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\bibitem{LHCb-PII-EoI}
LHCb collaboration, \ifthenelse{\boolean{articletitles}}{\emph{{Expression of
  Interest for a Phase-II LHCb Upgrade: Opportunities in flavour physics, and
  beyond, in the HL-LHC era}}, }{}
  \href{http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search?p=CERN-LHCC-2017-003&f=reportnumber&actio%
n_search=Search&c=LHCb+Reports} {CERN-LHCC-2017-003}\relax
\mciteBstWouldAddEndPuncttrue
\mciteSetBstMidEndSepPunct{\mcitedefaultmidpunct}
{\mcitedefaultendpunct}{\mcitedefaultseppunct}\relax
\EndOfBibitem
\end{mcitethebibliography}
