paper.tex
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\newcommand{\BABARPubYear}    {02}
\newcommand{\BABARPubNumber}  {00}
\newcommand{\BABARConfNumber} {07}
\newcommand{\SLACPubNumber} {9229}
\newcommand{\LANLNumber} {0000}

% Input the symbols file
\input pubboard/babarsym

% Additional definitions for this paper
\def\Bztohh      {\ensuremath{\Bz\to h^+h^{\prime -}}}
\def\Btohh     {\ensuremath{\B \to h^+h^{\prime -}}}
\def\Btopipi     {\ensuremath{\B \to \pip\pim}}
\def\Bztopipi     {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \pip\pim}}
\def\Bubtopipiz     {\ensuremath{\Bub \to \pim\piz}}
\def\Bztopizpiz     {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \piz\piz}}
\def\Bzbtopizpiz     {\ensuremath{\Bzb \to \piz\piz}}
\def\Btopipi     {\ensuremath{\B \to \pip\pim}}
\def\Bztokpi     {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \Kp\pim}}
\def\Btokk     {\ensuremath{\B \to \Kp\Km}}
\def\pipi     {\ensuremath{\pi\pi}}
\def\kpi     {\ensuremath{K\pi}}
\def\kk     {\ensuremath{KK}}
\def\hh     {\ensuremath{h^+h^{\prime -}}}
\def\fish    {\ensuremath{\cal F}}
\def\akpi  {\ensuremath{{\cal A}_{K\pi}}}
\def\abkpi  {\ensuremath{{\cal A}_{bK\pi}}}
\def\cerenkov{$\check{\rm C}{\rm erenkov}$ }
\def\qq {\ensuremath{q\bar{q}}}
\def\fp {\ensuremath{f_+(\deltat)}}
\def\fm {\ensuremath{f_-(\deltat)}}
\def\fpm {\ensuremath{f_{\pm}(\deltat)}}
\def\ilam {\ensuremath{{\cal I}m\lambda}}
\def\alam {\ensuremath{\left|\lambda\right|}}
\def\alphaeff {\ensuremath{\alpha_{\rm eff}}}
\def\spipi {\ensuremath{S_{\pi\pi}}}
\def\cpipi {\ensuremath{C_{\pi\pi}}}
\def\de {\ensuremath{\Delta E}}
\def\cerenkov{$\check{\rm C}{\rm erenkov}$ }
\def\wbar {\ensuremath{\bar{w}}}
\def\avgD {\ensuremath{\left<D\right>}}
\def\diffD {\ensuremath{\Delta D}}
\def\fBz {\ensuremath{f_{\Bz \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\fBzb {\ensuremath{f_{\Bzb \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\FBz {\ensuremath{F_{\Bz \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\FBzb {\ensuremath{F_{\Bzb \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\fMixBz {\ensuremath{f_{{\rm mix},\, \Bz \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\fUnMixBz {\ensuremath{f_{{\rm unmix},\, \Bz \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\fMixBzb {\ensuremath{f_{{\rm mix},\, \Bzb \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\fUnMixBzb {\ensuremath{f_{{\rm unmix},\,\Bzb \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\FMixBz {\ensuremath{F_{{\rm mix},\, \Bz \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\FUnMixBz {\ensuremath{F_{{\rm unmix},\, \Bz \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\FMixBzb {\ensuremath{F_{{\rm mix},\, \Bzb \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\FUnMixBzb {\ensuremath{F_{{\rm unmix},\, \Bzb \,{\rm tag}}}}
\def\Btag {\ensuremath{B_{\rm tag}}}
\def\Bhh {\ensuremath{B_{hh}}}
\def\Bflav {\ensuremath{B_{\rm flav}}}
\def\tpipi {\ensuremath{t_{\pi\pi}}}
\def\tcp {\ensuremath{t_{\CP}}}
\def\ttag {\ensuremath{t_{\rm tag}}}

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\begin{document}
{\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{flushright}
\babar-CONF-\BABARPubYear/\BABARConfNumber \\
%\babar-PUB-\BABARPubYear/\BABARPubNumber \\
SLAC-PUB-\SLACPubNumber \\
%hep-ex/\LANLNumber \\
May, 2002 \\
\end{flushright}
%\begin{flushleft}
%\rm \babar$\;$Analysis Document \#415, Version 3 \\
%\today \\[.7in]
%\end{flushleft}

\par\vskip 1cm

% Title of the paper
\begin{center}
\Large \bf \boldmath Measurements of Branching Fractions and \CP-Violating
Asymmetries in $\Bz\to\pip\pim,\, \Kp\pim,\, \Kp\Km$ Decays
\end{center}
\bigskip

\begin{center}
\large \bf The \babar\ Collaboration\\
\mbox{ }\\
\today
\end{center}

\bigskip \bigskip

% Abstract
\begin{center}
\large \bf Abstract
\end{center}
We present updated measurements of branching fractions and 
$\CP$-violating asymmetries for neutral $B$ meson decays to 
two-body final states of charged pions and kaons.  The 
results are obtained from a data sample of about $60$ million
$\Y4S\to\BB$ decays collected between $1999$ and $2001$ by the
\babar\ detector at the \pep2\ asymmetric-energy $B$ Factory
at SLAC.  
%Signal yields and the charge asymmetry ${\cal A}_{K\pi}$ in
%$B\to K\pi$ decays are extracted with a multi-dimensional
%maximum likelihood fit using kinematic and particle identification
%information.  The \CP-violating parameters $\spipi$ and $\cpipi$,
%which describe the time-dependent \CP asymmetry in $\Bztopipi$ decays,
%are then determined from the decay-time distribution and knowledge of
%the flavor of the other neutral $B$ meson.  
The sample contains $124^{+16}_{-15}$ $\pi\pi$, $403\pm 24$ $K\pi$, and 
$0.6^{+8.0}_{-7.4}$ $KK$ candidates, from which we measure the
following quantities:
\begin{eqnarray*}
\BR(\Bz\to\pip\pim) & = & (5.4\pm 0.7\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-6},\\
\BR(\Bz\to\Kp\pim) & = & (17.8\pm 1.1\pm 0.8)\times 10^{-6},\\
\BR(\Bz\to\Kp\Km) & < & 1.1\times 10^{-6}\; (90\% \,{\rm C.L.}),\\
{\cal A}_{K\pi} & = & -0.05 \pm 0.06\pm 0.01\; \left[-0.14,+0.05\right],\\
\spipi & =          & -0.01\pm 0.37\pm 0.07\;  \left[-0.66,+0.62\right],\\
\cpipi & =          & -0.02\pm 0.29\pm 0.07\;  \left[-0.54,+0.48\right],
\end{eqnarray*}
where the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively, and the
asymmetry limits correspond to the $90\%$ confidence level.  These results
are preliminary.
\vfill
\begin{center}
Presented at the 37$^{th}$ Rencontres de Moriond on 
Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, \\
3/9---3/16/2002, Les Arcs, Savoie, France
\end{center}

\vspace{1.0cm}
\begin{center}
{\em Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, 
Stanford, CA 94309} \\ \vspace{0.1cm}\hrule\vspace{0.1cm}
Work supported in part by Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-76SF00515.
\end{center}

% Input author list file
\input pubboard/authors_win2002.tex

\newpage
} % end of pagestyle{empty}

\setcounter{footnote}{0}

Recent measurements of the $\CP$-violating asymmetry parameter $\stwob$ by the
\babar~\cite{BaBarSin2betaObs} and Belle~\cite{BelleSin2betaObs} collaborations
established \CP violation in the $\Bz$ system.  These measurements, as well as 
an updated result by \babar~\cite{BaBarSin2betaM02} reported at this conference, are 
consistent with the Standard Model expectation based on measurements and 
theoretical estimates of the elements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa~\cite{CKM} 
(CKM) quark-mixing matrix.

The study of $B$ decays to charmless hadronic two-body final states will
yield important information about the remaining angles ($\alpha$ and $\gamma$) 
of the Unitarity Triangle.  In the Standard Model, the time-dependent 
\CP-violating asymmetry in the decay $\Bz\to\pip\pim$ is related to the 
angle $\alpha$, and ratios of branching fractions for various $\pi\pi$ 
and $K\pi$ decay modes are sensitive to the angle $\gamma$.  In this paper,
we update our previous measurements of branching fractions~\cite{twobodyPRL}
and \CP-violating asymmetries~\cite{BaBarSin2alpha} in $\Bz\to\pip\pim$,
$\Kp\pim$, and $\Kp\Km$ decays\footnote{Unless explicitly stated, charge conjugate
decay modes are assumed throughout this paper.} using a sample of $60$ million $\BB$ pairs.

We reconstruct a sample of $B$ mesons ($B_{\rm rec}$) decaying to the $\hh$ 
final state, where $h$ and $h^{\prime}$ refer to $\pi$ or $K$, and examine the 
remaining charged particles in each event to ``tag'' the flavor of the other 
$B$ meson (\Btag).  The decay rate distribution $f_+\,(f_-)$ when $\hh = \pip\pim$
and $\Btag = \Bz\,(\Bzb)$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\fpm = \frac{e^{-\left|\deltat\right|/\tau}}{4\tau} 
[1\pm \spipi\sin(\deltamd\deltat) \mp \cpipi\cos(\deltamd\deltat)]\nonumber,
\label{fplusminus}
\end{equation}
where $\tau$ is the mean $\Bz$ lifetime, $\deltamd$ is the eigenstate mass difference, 
and $\deltat = t_{\rm rec} - \ttag$ is the time between the $B_{\rm rec}$ and 
\Btag\ decays.  The \CP-violating parameters $\spipi$ and $\cpipi$ are defined as
\begin{equation}
\spipi = \frac{2\,\ilam}{1+\alam^2}\quad{\rm and}\quad \cpipi = \frac{1-\alam^2}{1+\alam^2}.
\label{SandCdef}
\end{equation}
If the decay proceeds purely through the $b\to uW^-$ tree process, then $\lambda$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\lambda(B\to\pip\pim) 
= \left(\frac{V_{tb}^*V_{td}}{V_{tb}V_{td}^*}\right)
\left(\frac{V_{ud}^*V_{ub}}{V_{ud}V_{ub}^*}\right).
\end{equation}
In this case $\cpipi = 0$ and $\spipi = \stwoa$, where 
$\alpha \equiv \arg\left[-V_{\rm td}V_{\rm tb}^*/V_{\rm ud}V_{\rm ub}^*\right]$.  
In general, the $b\to dg$ penguin amplitude modifies both the magnitude and phase
of $\lambda$, so that $\cpipi \ne 0$ and 
$\spipi = \sqrt{1 - \cpipi^2}\sin{2\alpha_{\rm eff}}$, 
where $\alpha_{\rm eff}$ depends on the magnitudes and relative strong and weak
phases of the tree and penguin amplitudes.  Several approaches have been proposed 
to obtain information on $\alpha$ in the presence of 
penguins~\cite{alphafrompenguins}.

%In this analysis, we extract signal and background yields for $\pip\pim$, 
%$\Kp\pim$, and $\Kp\Km$ decays~\cite{cc}, and the amplitudes of the $\pi\pi$ sine 
%($\spipi$) and cosine ($\cpipi$) oscillation terms simultaneously from an unbinned maximum 
%likelihood fit.  We parameterize the $K\pi$ component in terms of the total yield and 
%the $\CP$-violating charge asymmetry
%\begin{equation}
%{\cal A}_{K\pi} \equiv \frac{N_{\Km\pip} - N_{\Kp\pim}}{N_{\Km\pip} + N_{\Kp\pim}}.
%\label{kpiasym}
%\end{equation}

The data sample used in this analysis consists of $55.6\invfb$, corresponding
to $(60.2\pm 0.7)$ million $\BB$ pairs, collected on the $\Y4S$ resonance
with the \babar\ detector at the SLAC PEP-II storage ring between 
October 1999 and December 2001.  A detailed description of the detector 
is presented in Ref.~\cite{ref:babar}.  Charged particle (track) momenta are 
measured in a tracking system consisting of a 5-layer double-sided silicon 
vertex tracker (SVT) and a 40-layer drift chamber (DCH) filled with a gas 
mixture of helium and isobutane.  The SVT and DCH operate within a 
$1.5\,{\rm T}$ superconducting solenoidal magnet.  
Photons are detected in an electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) consisting of 
6580 CsI(Tl) crystals arranged in barrel and forward endcap subdetectors.  
The flux return for the solenoid is composed of multiple layers of iron and 
resistive plate chambers for the identification of muons and long-lived neutral 
hadrons.
Tracks from the $B_{\rm rec}$ decay are identified as pions or kaons by the 
Cherenkov angle $\theta_c$ measured with a detector of internally reflected 
Cherenkov light (DIRC).  
%Lower momentum kaons used in $B$ flavor 
%tagging are identified with a selection algorithm that combines $\theta_c$ 
%(for momenta down to $0.6\gevc$) with measurements of ionization energy loss 
%$dE/dx$ in the DCH and SVT.

%Hadronic events are selected based on track multiplicity and event
%topology.  We require at least three tracks in the laboratory polar angle 
%region $0.41 < \theta_{\rm lab} < 2.54$ satisfying the following requirements:
%transverse momentum greater than $100\mevc$, at least $12$ DCH hits, and originating
%from the interaction point within $10\cm$ in $z$ and $1.5\cm$ in $r$--$\varphi$~\cite{cs}.
%Residual two-prong events from the reaction $\epem\to l^+l^-\,(l = e,\mu,\tau)$ 
%are suppressed by requiring the ratio
%of Fox-Wolfram moments $H_2/H_0$~\cite{fox} to be less than $0.95$ and
%the sphericity~\cite{spheric} of the event to be greater than $0.01$.

Event selection is identical to that described in Ref.~\cite{BaBarSin2alpha}.
Candidate $\B_{\rm rec}$ decays are reconstructed from pairs of oppositely-charged 
tracks forming a good quality vertex, where the $B_{\rm rec}$ four-vector is calculated
assuming the pion mass for both tracks.  We require each track 
to have an associated $\theta_c$ measurement with a minimum of six Cherenkov 
photons above background, where the average is approximately 30 for both pions and 
kaons.  Protons are rejected based on $\theta_c$ and electrons 
are rejected based on $dE/dx$ measurements in the tracking system, shower shape 
in the EMC, and the ratio of shower energy and track momentum.  Background from the reaction 
$\epem\to q\bar{q}\; (q=u,d,s,c)$ is suppressed by removing jet-like events 
from the sample: we define the center-of-mass (c.m.) angle $\theta_S$ between the sphericity 
axes of the $B$ candidate and the remaining tracks and photons in the event, and require 
$\left|\cos{\theta_S}\right|<0.8$, which removes $83\%$ of the background.  
The total efficiency on signal events for all of the above selection is 
approximately $38\%$.

Signal decays are identified kinematically using two variables.
We define a beam-energy substituted mass 
$\mes = \sqrt{E^2_{\rm b}- {\mathbf {p}}_B^2}$, where the $B$ candidate energy 
is defined as $E_{\rm b} =(s/2 + {\mathbf {p}}_i\cdot {\mathbf {p}}_B)/E_i$, 
$\sqrt{s}$ and $E_i$ are the total energies of the \epem\ system in the
c.m.~and laboratory frames, respectively, and ${\mathbf {p}}_i$ and 
${\mathbf {p}}_B$ are the momentum vectors in the laboratory frame of 
the \epem\ system and the $B_{\rm rec}$ candidate, respectively.  
Signal events are Gaussian distributed in $\mes$ with a mean near the $B$ mass 
and a resolution of $2.6\mevcc$, dominated by the beam energy spread.  
The background shape is parameterized by a threshold function~\cite{ARGUS} with 
a fixed endpoint given by the average beam energy.

We define a second kinematic variable $\de$ as the difference between the 
energy of the $B_{\rm rec}$ candidate in the c.m.~frame and $\sqrt{s}/2$.  
Signal $\pi\pi$ decays are Gaussian distributed with a mean value near zero.  
For decays with one\,(two) kaons, the distribution is shifted relative to 
$\pi\pi$ on average by $-45\mev$ ($-91\mev$), respectively, where the exact 
separation depends on the laboratory momentum of the kaon(s).  The resolution 
on $\de$ is approximately $26\mev$ and is validated in large samples of fully 
reconstructed $B$ decays.  The background is parameterized by a quadratic 
function.  

Candidate $\hh$ pairs selected in the region $5.2 < \mes < 5.3\gevcc$ 
and $\left|\de\right|<0.15\gev$ are used to extract yields and \CP-violating 
asymmetries with an unbinned maximum likelihood fit.  The total number of events in 
the fit region satisfying all of the above criteria is $17585$.

%The analysis method combines the techniques used to measure charmless two-body
%branching fractions~\cite{twobodyPRL} and $\stwob$~\cite{BaBarSin2betaObs}.  
%The primary issues in this analysis are determination of the $\Btag$ flavor, 
%measurement of the distance $\deltaz$ between the $B_{\rm rec}$ and \Btag\ decay vertices, 
%discrimination of signal from background, identification of pions and kaons, and 
%extraction of yields and \CP\ asymmetries.

To determine the flavor of the \Btag\ meson we use the same $B$-tagging algorithm used 
in the \babar\ $\stwob$ analysis~\cite{ref:sin2betaPRD}.  The 
algorithm relies on the correlation between the flavor of the $b$ quark and the charge 
of the remaining tracks in the event after removal of the $B_{\rm rec}$ candidate.  We 
define five mutually exclusive tagging 
categories: {\tt Lepton}, {\tt Kaon}, {\tt NT1}, {\tt NT2}, and 
{\tt Untagged}.  {\tt Lepton} tags rely on primary electrons and muons from semileptonic 
$B$ decays, while {\tt Kaon} tags exploit the correlation in the process $b\to c\to s$ 
between the net kaon charge and the charge of the $b$ quark.  
The {\tt NT1}\,(more certain tags) and {\tt NT2}\,(less certain tags) categories 
are derived from a neural network that is sensitive 
to charge correlations between the parent \B\ and unidentified leptons and kaons, 
soft pions, or the charge and momentum of the track with the highest c.m.~momentum.  The 
addition of {\tt Untagged} events improves the signal yield estimates and provides a 
larger sample for determining background shape parameters directly in the maximum 
likelihood fit.

The quality of tagging is expressed in terms of the effective efficiency 
$Q = \sum_c \epsilon_c D_c^2$, where $\epsilon_c$ is the fraction of events tagged in 
category $c$ and the dilution $D_c = 1-2w_c$ is related to the mistag fraction $w_c$.  
Table~\ref{tab:tagging} summarizes the tagging performance in a data sample \Bflav\ of 
fully reconstructed neutral $B$ decays into $D^{(*)-}h^+\,(h^+ = \pip, \rho^+, a_1^+)$ 
and $\jpsi K^{*0}\,(K^{*0}\to\Kp\pim)$ flavor eigenstates.
We use the same tagging efficiencies and dilutions for signal $\pi\pi$, $K\pi$, 
and $KK$ decays.  Separate background efficiencies for each species are determined
simultaneously with $\spipi$ and $\cpipi$ in the maximum likelihood fit.

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Tagging efficiency $\epsilon$, average dilution 
$D = 1/2\left(D_{\Bz} + D_{\Bzb}\right)$, dilution difference $\diffD = D_{\Bz} - D_{\Bzb}$, 
and effective tagging efficiency $Q$ for signal events in each tagging category.  The
values are measured in the \Bflav\ sample.}
\smallskip
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc} \hline\hline
Category & $\epsilon\,(\%)$ & $D\,(\%)$ & $\diffD\,(\%)$ & $Q\,(\%)$ \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{6mm} \\\hline
{\tt Lepton}   & $11.1\pm 0.2$ & $82.8 \pm 1.8$ & $-1.2  \pm 3.0$ & $7.6\pm  0.4$ \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{5mm}\\
{\tt Kaon}     & $34.7\pm 0.4$ & $63.8 \pm 1.4$ & $ 1.8  \pm 2.1$ & $14.1\pm 0.6$ \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{4mm}\\
{\tt NT1}      & $7.6 \pm 0.2$ & $56.0 \pm 3.0$ & $-2.7  \pm 4.7$ & $2.4\pm  0.3$ \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{1.5mm}\\
{\tt NT2}      & $14.0\pm 0.3$ & $25.4 \pm 2.6$ & $ 9.4  \pm 3.8$ & $0.9\pm  0.2$ \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{1.5mm}\\
{\tt Untagged} & $32.6\pm 0.5$ & -- 	  & --            & --          \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{1.5mm}\\ \hline
Total $Q$ & & & & $25.0\pm 0.8$ \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{6mm} \\\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{tab:tagging}
\end{table}

%\begin{table}[!tbp]
%\caption{Tagging efficiencies $(\%)$ for background events in each species.}
%\smallskip
%\begin{center}
%\begin{tabular}{cccccc} \hline\hline
%Category & $\epsilon(\pi\pi)$ & $\epsilon(K\pi)$ & $\epsilon(KK)$ \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{6mm} \\\hline 
%{\tt Lepton}   & $1.0\pm 0.1$  & $1.0\pm 0.1$  & $1.5\pm 0.2$  \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{5mm}\\
%{\tt Kaon}     & $26.0\pm 0.4$ & $33.1\pm 0.6$ & $23.5\pm 0.7$ \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{1.5mm}\\
%{\tt NT1}      & $6.6\pm 0.2$  & $5.4\pm 0.3$  & $6.9\pm 0.4$  \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{1.5mm}\\
%{\tt NT2}      & $17.6\pm 0.4$ & $15.3\pm 0.5$ & $19.7\pm 0.6$ \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{1.5mm}\\
%{\tt Untagged} & $48.9\pm 0.7$ & $45.2\pm 0.6$ & $48.3\pm 0.8$\rule[-2mm]{0mm}{3mm} \\\hline\hline
%\end{tabular}
%\end{center}
%\label{tab:bkgtag}
%\end{table}

The time difference $\deltat$ is obtained from the measured distance between 
the $z$ positions of the $B_{\rm rec}$ and $\Btag$ decay vertices and the known boost 
of the $\epem$ system.  The $z$ position of the \Btag\ vertex is determined 
with an iterative procedure that removes tracks with a large contribution to 
the total $\chi^2$.  An additional 
constraint is constructed from the three-momentum and vertex position of the 
$B_{\rm rec}$ candidate, and the average $\epem$ interaction point and boost.  For $99.5\%$
of candidates with a reconstructed vertex the r.m.s.\ $\deltaz$ resolution is 
$180\mum\,(1.1\ps)$.  We require $\left|\deltat\right|<20\ps$ and 
$\sigma_{\deltat} < 2.5\ps$, where $\sigma_{\deltat}$ is the error on $\deltat$.  
The resolution function for signal candidates is a sum of three Gaussians, identical 
to the one described in Ref.~\cite{BaBarSin2betaM02}, with parameters determined from a 
fit to the \Bflav\ sample (including events in all five tagging categories).  
The background $\deltat$ distribution is parameterized as the sum of an exponential
convolved with a Gaussian, and two additional Gaussians to account for tails.  
A common parameterization is used for all tagging categories, and 
the parameters are determined simultaneously with the \CP parameters in the maximum 
likelihood fit.  We find that $86\%$ of background events are described by an effective 
lifetime of about $0.6\ps$, while tails are described by $12\, (2)\%$ of events with
a resolution of approximately $2\,(8)\ps$.

Discrimination of signal from light-quark background is enhanced by the use of a 
Fisher discriminant ${\cal F}$~\cite{twobodyPRL}.  The discriminating
variables are constructed from the scalar sum of the c.m.~momenta of all tracks and photons 
(excluding tracks from the $B_{\rm rec}$ candidate) entering nine two-sided $10$-degree concentric 
cones centered on the thrust axis of the $B_{\rm rec}$ candidate.  
The distribution of ${\cal F}$ for signal events is parameterized as a single Gaussian, 
with parameters determined from Monte Carlo simulated decays and validated with 
$\Bub\to\Dz\pim$ decays reconstructed in data.  The background shape is parameterized as 
the sum of two Gaussians, with parameters determined directly in the maximum likelihood fit.

Identification of $\hh$ tracks as pions or kaons is accomplished with the 
Cherenkov angle measurement from the DIRC.  We construct Gaussian probability density functions 
(PDFs) from the difference between measured and expected values of $\theta_c$ for the pion or 
kaon hypothesis, normalized by the resolution.  The DIRC performance 
is parameterized using a sample of $D^{*+}\to\Dz\pip$, $\Dz\to \Km\pip$ decays, 
reconstructed in data.  The typical separation between pions and kaons varies from 
$8\sigma$ at $2\gevc$ to $2.5\sigma$ at $4\gevc$, where $\sigma$ is the average resolution on 
$\theta_c$ (Fig.~\ref{fig:dirc}).  

\begin{figure}[!tbp]
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}[h]{7.cm}
\includegraphics[width=7.0cm]{./figures/k-pi-sep-winter.eps}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
\caption{Variation of the separation between the kaon and pion Cherenkov 
angles with momentum, as obtained from a control sample of
$D^{*+}\to \Dz\pip$, $\Dz\to\Km\pip$ decays reconstructed in data.}
\label{fig:dirc}
\end{figure}

We use an unbinned extended maximum likelihood fit to extract yields and $\CP$ parameters
from the $B_{\rm rec}$ sample.  The likelihood for candidate $j$ tagged in category 
$c$ is obtained by summing the product of event yield $n_{i}$, tagging efficiency $\epsilon_{i,c}$,
and probability ${\cal P}_{i,c}$ over the eight possible signal and background hypotheses $i$
(referring to $\pi\pi$, $\Kp\pim$, $\Km\pip$, and $KK$ decays),
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}_c = \exp{\left(-\sum_{i}n_i\epsilon_{i,c}\right)}
\prod_{j}\left[\sum_{i}n_i\epsilon_{i,c}{\cal P}_{i,c}(\vec{x}_j;\vec{\alpha}_i)\right].
\end{equation}
For the $K^{\mp}\pi^{\pm}$ components, the yield is parameterized as 
$n_i = N_{K\pi}\left(1 \pm {\cal A}_{K\pi}\right)/2$, where 
$N_{K\pi} = N_{\Km\pip} + N_{\Kp\pim}$ and 
${\cal A}_{K\pi}\equiv (N_{\Km\pip} - N_{\Kp\pim})/(N_{\Km\pip} + N_{\Kp\pim})$.
The probabilities ${\cal P}_{i,c}$ are evaluated as the product of PDFs 
for each of the independent variables 
$\vec{x}_j = \left\{\mes, \de, {\cal F}, \theta_c^+, \theta_c^-, \deltat\right\}$, 
where $\theta_c^+$ and $\theta_c^-$ are the Cherenkov angles for the positively and 
negatively charged tracks.  We use the same PDF parameters for $\theta_c^+$ and
$\theta_c^-$.  The total likelihood ${\cal L}$ is the product of likelihoods 
for each tagging category and the free parameters are determined by minimizing the 
quantity $-\ln{\cal L}$.

In order to minimize systematic error on the branching fraction measurements, we perform an
initial fit without tagging or $\deltat$ information.  A total of $16$ parameters are
varied in the fit, including signal and background yields (6 parameters) and asymmetries (2), 
and parameters for the background shapes in $\mes$ (1), $\de$ (2), and ${\cal F}$ (5).  
Table~\ref{tab:BR} summarizes results for signal yields, total efficiencies, 
branching fractions, and ${\cal A}_{K\pi}$.  The upper limit on the signal yield for \
$\Bz\to\Kp\Km$ is given by the value of $n^0$ for which 
$\int_0^{n^0} {\cal L}_{\rm max}\,dn/\int_0^\infty {\cal L}_{\rm max}\,dn = 0.90$, 
where ${\cal L}_{\rm max}$ is the likelihood as a function of $n$, 
maximized with respect to the remaining fit parameters.  The branching fraction upper limit is 
calculated by increasing the signal yield upper limit and reducing the efficiency by their 
respective systematic errors.  The dominant systematic error on the branching fraction measurements 
is due to uncertainty in the shape of the $\theta_c$ PDF, while the dominant error on 
${\cal A}_{K\pi}$ is due to possible charge bias in track and $\theta_c$ reconstruction.
All measurements reported in Table~\ref{tab:BR} are consistent with our previous results 
reported in Ref.~\cite{twobodyPRL}.

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\begin{center}
\caption{Summary of results for total detection efficiencies (Eff), fitted signal 
yields $N_S$, measured branching fractions \BR, and the $K\pi$ charge asymmetry 
${\cal A}_{K\pi}$.
The sample corresponds to $(60.2\pm 0.7)$ million $\BB$ pairs produced, where
equal branching fractions for \upsbzbz\ and $\Bu\Bub$ are assumed.  
The statistical and systematic errors on ${\cal A}_{K\pi}$ are 
added in quadrature when calculating the $90\%$ confidence level (C.L.).}
\label{tab:BR}
\begin{tabular}{lccccc} 
\hline\hline
Mode  & Eff (\%) & $N_S$ & \BR($10^{-6}$) & ${\cal A}_{K\pi}$ & ${\cal A}_{K\pi}$ $90\%$ C.L. \\ 
\hline
$\pip\pim$ & $38.5\pm 0.7$  & $124^{+16\, +7}_{-15\, -9}$ & $5.4\pm 0.7\pm 0.4$ & & \\
$\Kp\pim$ & $37.6\pm 0.7$ & $403\pm 24\pm 15$ & $17.8\pm 1.1\pm 0.8$ & $-0.05\pm 0.06\pm 0.01$ & $[-0.14,+0.05]$ \\
$\Kp \Km$  & $36.7\pm 0.7$ & $0.6^{+8.0}_{-7.4}\,(<15.6)$ & $<1.1$ ($90\%$ C.L.) & & \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

Figure~\ref{fig:prplots} shows distributions of $\mes$ and $\de$ after a cut on likelihood ratios.  We define ${\cal R}_{\rm sig} = \sum_s{n_s{\cal P}_s}/\sum_i{n_i{\cal P}_i}$ and 
${\cal R}_k = n_k{\cal P}_k/\sum_s{n_s{\cal P}_s}$, where $\sum_s\, (\sum_i)$ indicates a sum 
over signal\,(all) hypotheses, and ${\cal P}_k$ indicates the probability for signal
hypothesis $k$.  The probabilities include the PDFs for $\theta_c$, ${\cal F}$, and 
$\mes\,(\Delta E)$ when plotting $\Delta E\,(\mes)$.  The selection is defined
by optimizing the signal significance with respect to ${\cal R}_{\rm sig}$ and ${\cal R}_k$.
The solid curve in each plot represents the fit projection after correcting for the
efficiency of the additional selection (approximately $67\%$ for $\pi\pi$ and 
$88\%$ for $K\pi$).  

\begin{figure}[!tbp]
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}[h]{15.cm}
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{./figures/pipi-mes.eps}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{./figures/pipi-de.eps}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[h]{15.cm}
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{./figures/Kpi-mes.eps}
\hfill
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{./figures/Kpi-de.eps}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
\caption{Distributions of $\mes$ and $\de$ (histograms)
for events enhanced in signal $\pi\pi$ (top) and $K\pi$ (bottom)
decays based on the likelihood ratio selection described in the text.  
Solid curves represent projections of the maximum likelihood fit result 
after accounting for the efficiency of the additional selection, 
while dashed curves represent $q\bar{q}$ and $\pi\pi\leftrightarrow K\pi$ 
cross-feed background.}
\label{fig:prplots}
\end{figure}

The time-dependent \CP asymmetries $\spipi$ and $\cpipi$ are determined from a second fit 
including tagging and $\deltat$ information, with the yields and ${\cal A}_{K\pi}$ fixed to 
the results of the first fit.  
The $\deltat$ PDF for signal $\pip\pim$ decays is given by Eq.~\ref{fplusminus}, modified to
include the dilution and dilution difference for each tagging category, and convolved with 
the signal resolution function.  The $\deltat$ PDF for signal $K\pi$ events takes into 
account $\Bz$--$\Bzb$ mixing, depending on the charge of the kaon and the flavor of $\Btag$.  
We parameterize the $\deltat$ distribution in $\Bz\to\Kp\Km$ decays as an exponential 
convolved with the resolution function.

A total of $34$ parameters are varied in the fit, including the values of $\spipi$ and
$\cpipi$, separate background tagging efficiencies for $\pi\pi$, $K\pi$, and $KK$ events $(12)$,
parameters for the background $\deltat$ resolution function $(8)$, and parameters for the background
shapes in $\mes$ $(5)$,  $\de$ $(2)$, and ${\cal F}$ $(5)$.
The signal tagging efficiencies and dilutions are fixed to the values in Table~\ref{tab:tagging},
while $\tau$ and $\deltamd$ are fixed to their PDG values~\cite{PDG2000}.
To validate the analysis technique, we measure $\tau$ and $\deltamd$ in the $B_{\rm rec}$ sample
and find $\tau = (1.66\pm 0.09)\ps$ and $\deltamd = (0.517\pm 0.062)\hbar \ps^{-1}$.  
Figure~\ref{fig:mixing} shows the asymmetry 
${\cal A}_{\rm mix} = (N_{\rm unmixed} - N_{\rm mixed})/(N_{\rm unmixed}+N_{\rm mixed})$
in a sample of events enhanced in $B\to K\pi$ decays.  The curve shows the expected 
oscillation given the value of $\deltamd$ measured in the full sample.

\begin{figure}[!tbp]
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}[h]{8.0cm}
\includegraphics[width=8.0cm]{./figures/kpi-mixing.eps}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
\caption{The asymmetry ${\cal A}_{\rm mix}$ between mixed and unmixed events
in a sample enhanced in $K\pi$ decays.  The curve indicates the 
expected oscillation corresponding to $\deltamd = 0.517\,\hbar \ps^{-1}$.
The dilution from $q\bar{q}$ events is evident in the reduced amplitude near
$\left|\deltat\right| = 0$.}
\label{fig:mixing}
\end{figure}

The fit yields
\begin{eqnarray*}
\spipi & =          & -0.01\pm 0.37\,({\rm stat})\pm 0.07\,({\rm syst})\;  \left[-0.66,+0.62\right],\\
\cpipi & =          & -0.02\pm 0.29\,({\rm stat})\pm 0.07\,({\rm syst})\;  \left[-0.54,+0.48\right].
\end{eqnarray*}
For each parameter, we also calculate the $90\%$ confidence 
level (C.L.) interval taking into account the systematic error.  The correlation between $\spipi$ 
and $\cpipi$ is $-13\%$.  
Systematic uncertainties on $\spipi$ and $\cpipi$ are dominated by uncertainty in the shape 
of the $\theta_c$ PDF.  Since we measure asymmetries near zero, multiplicative systematic errors
have also been evaluated $(0.05)$.  We sum in quadrature multiplicative errors, evaluated at
one standard deviation, with the additive systematic uncertainties.
Figure~\ref{fig:dtplot} shows the $\deltat$ distributions and the 
asymmetry ${\cal A}_{\pi\pi}(\deltat) = 
(N_{\Bz}(\deltat) - N_{\Bzb}(\deltat))/(N_{\Bz}(\deltat) + N_{\Bzb}(\deltat))$
for tagged events enhanced in signal $\pi\pi$ decays.  The selection procedure is the
same as Fig.~\ref{fig:prplots}, with the likelihoods defined including the PDFs for 
$\theta_c$, ${\cal F}$, $\mes$, and $\de$.

%\begin{table}[!tbp]
%\caption{Central values and $90\%$ C.L. intervals for $\spipi$, $\cpipi$,
%and ${\cal A}_{K\pi}$ from the maximum likelihood fit.}
%\smallskip
%\begin{center}
%\begin{tabular}{ccc} \hline\hline
%Parameter & Central Value & $90\%$ C.L. Interval \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{6mm} \\\hline  \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{6mm} 
%$\spipi$            & $-0.01\pm 0.37\pm 0.07$  & $\left[-0.66,+0.62\right]$ \\
%$\cpipi$            & $-0.02\pm 0.29\pm 0.07$ & $\left[-0.54,+0.48\right]$  \\
%${\cal A}_{K\pi}$   & $-0.05 \pm 0.06 \pm 0.01$       & $\left[-0.14,+0.05\right]$ \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{5mm} \\\hline\hline
%\end{tabular}
%\end{center}
%\label{tab:results}
%\end{table}

\begin{figure}[!tbp]
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}[h]{8.0cm}
\includegraphics[width=8.0cm]{./figures/pipi-asymmetry.eps}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
\caption{Distributions of $\deltat$ for events enhanced in 
signal $\pi\pi$ decays based on the likelihood ratio selection described in the 
text.  The top two plots show events (points with errors) with $\Btag=\Bz$ or 
$\Bzb$.  Solid curves represent projections of the maximum 
likelihood fit, dashed curves represent the sum of $q\bar{q}$ and $K\pi$ 
background events. The bottom plot shows ${\cal A}_{\pi\pi}(\deltat)$ for data 
(points with errors) and the fit projection.}
\label{fig:dtplot}
\end{figure}

In summary, we have presented updated measurements of branching fractions and \CP-violating
asymmetries in $\Bz\to\pip\pim$, $\Kp\pim$, and $\Kp\Km$ decays.  All results are consistent 
with previous measurements.  Our measurement of ${\cal A}_{K\pi}$ is currently the most 
accurate available, and disfavors theoretical models that predict a large 
asymmetry~\cite{PQCD,Charming}.

% Input the pubboard acknowledgements file
\input pubboard/acknow_PRL.tex
   
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%      BIBLIOGRAPHY      %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{thebibliography}{99}

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%\bibitem{cc}
%When only one charge mode is given, conjugate decay modes are implied.

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%\bibitem{cs}
%The unit vector $\hat{z}$ is aligned along the detector axis in
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\end{thebibliography}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\end{document}


authors_win2002.tex
\begin{center}
\small

The \babar\ Collaboration,
\bigskip

%% author list as of 01-Mar-2002 (548 authors)
B.~Aubert,
D.~Boutigny,
J.-M.~Gaillard,
A.~Hicheur,
Y.~Karyotakis,
J.~P.~Lees,
P.~Robbe,
V.~Tisserand,
A.~Zghiche
\inst{Laboratoire de Physique des Particules, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France }
A.~Palano,
A.~Pompili
\inst{Universit\`a di Bari, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, I-70126 Bari, Italy }
G.~P.~Chen,
J.~C.~Chen,
N.~D.~Qi,
G.~Rong,
P.~Wang,
Y.~S.~Zhu
\inst{Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100039, China }
G.~Eigen,
I.~Ofte,
B.~Stugu
\inst{University of Bergen, Inst.\ of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway }
G.~S.~Abrams,
A.~W.~Borgland,
A.~B.~Breon,
D.~N.~Brown,
J.~Button-Shafer,
R.~N.~Cahn,
E.~Charles,
M.~S.~Gill,
A.~V.~Gritsan,
Y.~Groysman,
R.~G.~Jacobsen,
R.~W.~Kadel,
J.~Kadyk,
L.~T.~Kerth,
Yu.~G.~Kolomensky,
J.~F.~Kral,
C.~LeClerc,
M.~E.~Levi,
G.~Lynch,
L.~M.~Mir,
P.~J.~Oddone,
M.~Pripstein,
N.~A.~Roe,
A.~Romosan,
M.~T.~Ronan,
V.~G.~Shelkov,
A.~V.~Telnov,
W.~A.~Wenzel
\inst{Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA }
T.~J.~Harrison,
C.~M.~Hawkes,
D.~J.~Knowles,
S.~W.~O'Neale,
R.~C.~Penny,
A.~T.~Watson,
N.~K.~Watson
\inst{University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom }
T.~Deppermann,
K.~Goetzen,
H.~Koch,
B.~Lewandowski,
K.~Peters,
H.~Schmuecker,
M.~Steinke
\inst{Ruhr Universit\"at Bochum, Institut f\"ur Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany }
N.~R.~Barlow,
W.~Bhimji,
N.~Chevalier,
P.~J.~Clark,
W.~N.~Cottingham,
B.~Foster,
C.~Mackay,
F.~F.~Wilson
\inst{University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom }
K.~Abe,
C.~Hearty,
T.~S.~Mattison,
J.~A.~McKenna,
D.~Thiessen
\inst{University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1 }
S.~Jolly,
A.~K.~McKemey
\inst{Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom }
V.~E.~Blinov,
A.~D.~Bukin,
D.~A.~Bukin,
A.~R.~Buzykaev,
V.~B.~Golubev,
V.~N.~Ivanchenko,
A.~A.~Korol,
E.~A.~Kravchenko,
A.~P.~Onuchin,
S.~I.~Serednyakov,
Yu.~I.~Skovpen,
A.~N.~Yushkov
\inst{Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia }
D.~Best,
M.~Chao,
D.~Kirkby,
A.~J.~Lankford,
M.~Mandelkern,
S.~McMahon,
D.~P.~Stoker
\inst{University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA }
K.~Arisaka,
C.~Buchanan,
S.~Chun
\inst{University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA }
D.~B.~MacFarlane,
S.~Prell,
Sh.~Rahatlou,
G.~Raven,
V.~Sharma
\inst{University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA }
C.~Campagnari,
B.~Dahmes,
P.~A.~Hart,
N.~Kuznetsova,
S.~L.~Levy,
O.~Long,
A.~Lu,
M.~A.~Mazur,
J.~D.~Richman,
W.~Verkerke
\inst{University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA }
J.~Beringer,
A.~M.~Eisner,
M.~Grothe,
C.~A.~Heusch,
W.~S.~Lockman,
T.~Pulliam,
T.~Schalk,
R.~E.~Schmitz,
B.~A.~Schumm,
A.~Seiden,
M.~Turri,
W.~Walkowiak,
D.~C.~Williams,
M.~G.~Wilson
\inst{University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA }
E.~Chen,
G.~P.~Dubois-Felsmann,
A.~Dvoretskii,
D.~G.~Hitlin,
S.~Metzler,
J.~Oyang,
F.~C.~Porter,
A.~Ryd,
A.~Samuel,
S.~Yang,
R.~Y.~Zhu
\inst{California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA }
S.~Jayatilleke,
G.~Mancinelli,
B.~T.~Meadows,
M.~D.~Sokoloff
\inst{University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA }
T.~Barillari,
P.~Bloom,
W.~T.~Ford,
U.~Nauenberg,
A.~Olivas,
P.~Rankin,
J.~Roy,
J.~G.~Smith,
W.~C.~van Hoek,
L.~Zhang
\inst{University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA }
J.~Blouw,
J.~L.~Harton,
M.~Krishnamurthy,
A.~Soffer,
W.~H.~Toki,
R.~J.~Wilson,
J.~Zhang
\inst{Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA }
T.~Brandt,
J.~Brose,
T.~Colberg,
M.~Dickopp,
R.~S.~Dubitzky,
A.~Hauke,
E.~Maly,
R.~M\"uller-Pfefferkorn,
S.~Otto,
K.~R.~Schubert,
R.~Schwierz,
B.~Spaan,
L.~Wilden
\inst{Technische Universit\"at Dresden, Institut f\"ur Kern- und Teilchenphysik, D-01062 Dresden, Germany }
D.~Bernard,
G.~R.~Bonneaud,
F.~Brochard,
J.~Cohen-Tanugi,
S.~Ferrag,
S.~T'Jampens,
Ch.~Thiebaux,
G.~Vasileiadis,
M.~Verderi
\inst{Ecole Polytechnique, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France }
A.~Anjomshoaa,
R.~Bernet,
A.~Khan,
D.~Lavin,
F.~Muheim,
S.~Playfer,
J.~E.~Swain,
J.~Tinslay
\inst{University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom }
M.~Falbo
\inst{Elon University, Elon College, NC 27244-2010, USA }
C.~Borean,
C.~Bozzi,
L.~Piemontese
\inst{Universit\`a di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy  }
E.~Treadwell
\inst{Florida A\&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA }
F.~Anulli,\footnote{ Also with Universit\`a di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy }
R.~Baldini-Ferroli,
A.~Calcaterra,
R.~de Sangro,
D.~Falciai,
G.~Finocchiaro,
P.~Patteri,
I.~M.~Peruzzi,\footnote{ Also with Universit\`a di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy }
M.~Piccolo,
Y.~Xie,
A.~Zallo
\inst{Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy }
S.~Bagnasco,
A.~Buzzo,
R.~Contri,
G.~Crosetti,
M.~Lo Vetere,
M.~Macri,
M.~R.~Monge,
S.~Passaggio,
F.~C.~Pastore,
C.~Patrignani,
E.~Robutti,
A.~Santroni,
S.~Tosi
\inst{Universit\`a di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, I-16146 Genova, Italy }
M.~Morii
\inst{Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA }
R.~Bartoldus,
R.~Hamilton,
U.~Mallik
\inst{University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA }
J.~Cochran,
H.~B.~Crawley,
J.~Lamsa,
W.~T.~Meyer,
E.~I.~Rosenberg,
J.~Yi
\inst{Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3160, USA }
G.~Grosdidier,
A.~H\"ocker,
H.~M.~Lacker,
S.~Laplace,
F.~Le Diberder,
V.~Lepeltier,
A.~M.~Lutz,
S.~Plaszczynski,
M.~H.~Schune,
S.~Trincaz-Duvoid,
G.~Wormser
\inst{Laboratoire de l'Acc\'el\'erateur Lin\'eaire, F-91898 Orsay, France }
R.~M.~Bionta,
V.~Brigljevi\'c ,
D.~J.~Lange,
M.~Mugge,
K.~van Bibber,
D.~M.~Wright
\inst{Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA }
A.~J.~Bevan,
J.~R.~Fry,
E.~Gabathuler,
R.~Gamet,
M.~George,
M.~Kay,
D.~J.~Payne,
R.~J.~Sloane,
C.~Touramanis
\inst{University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom }
M.~L.~Aspinwall,
D.~A.~Bowerman,
P.~D.~Dauncey,
U.~Egede,
I.~Eschrich,
G.~W.~Morton,
J.~A.~Nash,
P.~Sanders,
D.~Smith
\inst{University of London, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom }
J.~J.~Back,
G.~Bellodi,
P.~Dixon,
P.~F.~Harrison,
R.~J.~L.~Potter,
H.~W.~Shorthouse,
P.~Strother,
P.~B.~Vidal
\inst{Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom }
G.~Cowan,
S.~George,
M.~G.~Green,
A.~Kurup,
C.~E.~Marker,
T.~R.~McMahon,
S.~Ricciardi,
F.~Salvatore,
G.~Vaitsas
\inst{University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom }
D.~Brown,
C.~L.~Davis
\inst{University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA }
J.~Allison,
R.~J.~Barlow,
J.~T.~Boyd,
A.~C.~Forti,
F.~Jackson,
G.~D.~Lafferty,
N.~Savvas,
J.~H.~Weatherall,
J.~C.~Williams
\inst{University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom }
A.~Farbin,
A.~Jawahery,
V.~Lillard,
J.~Olsen,
D.~A.~Roberts,
J.~R.~Schieck
\inst{University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA }
G.~Blaylock,
C.~Dallapiccola,
K.~T.~Flood,
S.~S.~Hertzbach,
R.~Kofler,
V.~B.~Koptchev,
T.~B.~Moore,
H.~Staengle,
S.~Willocq
\inst{University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA }
B.~Brau,
R.~Cowan,
G.~Sciolla,
F.~Taylor,
R.~K.~Yamamoto
\inst{Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA }
M.~Milek,
P.~M.~Patel
\inst{McGill University, Montr\'eal, QC, Canada H3A 2T8 }
F.~Palombo,
C.~Vite
\inst{Universit\`a di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, I-20133 Milano, Italy }
J.~M.~Bauer,
L.~Cremaldi,
V.~Eschenburg,
R.~Kroeger,
J.~Reidy,
D.~A.~Sanders,
D.~J.~Summers
\inst{University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA }
C.~Hast,
J.~Y.~Nief,
P.~Taras
\inst{Universit\'e de Montr\'eal, Laboratoire Ren\'e J.~A.~L\'evesque, Montr\'eal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7  }
H.~Nicholson
\inst{Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA }
C.~Cartaro,
N.~Cavallo,\footnote{ Also with Universit\`a della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy }
G.~De Nardo,
F.~Fabozzi,
C.~Gatto,
L.~Lista,
P.~Paolucci,
D.~Piccolo,
C.~Sciacca
\inst{Universit\`a di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche and INFN, I-80126, Napoli, Italy }
J.~M.~LoSecco
\inst{University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA }
J.~R.~G.~Alsmiller,
T.~A.~Gabriel
\inst{Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA }
J.~Brau,
R.~Frey,
E.~Grauges ,
M.~Iwasaki,
C.~T.~Potter,
N.~B.~Sinev,
D.~Strom
\inst{University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA }
F.~Colecchia,
F.~Dal Corso,
A.~Dorigo,
F.~Galeazzi,
M.~Margoni,
M.~Morandin,
M.~Posocco,
M.~Rotondo,
F.~Simonetto,
R.~Stroili,
E.~Torassa,
C.~Voci
\inst{Universit\`a di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy }
M.~Benayoun,
H.~Briand,
J.~Chauveau,
P.~David,
Ch.~de la Vaissi\`ere,
L.~Del Buono,
O.~Hamon,
Ph.~Leruste,
J.~Ocariz,
M.~Pivk,
L.~Roos,
J.~Stark
\inst{Universit\'es Paris VI et VII, Lab de Physique Nucl\'eaire H.~E., F-75252 Paris, France }
P.~F.~Manfredi,
V.~Re,
V.~Speziali
\inst{Universit\`a di Pavia, Dipartimento di Elettronica and INFN, I-27100 Pavia, Italy }
E.~D.~Frank,
L.~Gladney,
Q.~H.~Guo,
J.~Panetta
\inst{University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA }
C.~Angelini,
G.~Batignani,
S.~Bettarini,
M.~Bondioli,
F.~Bucci,
E.~Campagna,
M.~Carpinelli,
F.~Forti,
M.~A.~Giorgi,
A.~Lusiani,
G.~Marchiori,
F.~Martinez-Vidal,
M.~Morganti,
N.~Neri,
E.~Paoloni,
M.~Rama,
G.~Rizzo,
F.~Sandrelli,
G.~Simi,
G.~Triggiani,
J.~Walsh
\inst{Universit\`a di Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore and INFN, I-56010 Pisa, Italy }
M.~Haire,
D.~Judd,
K.~Paick,
L.~Turnbull,
D.~E.~Wagoner
\inst{Prairie View A\&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA }
J.~Albert,
P.~Elmer,
C.~Lu,
V.~Miftakov,
S.~F.~Schaffner,
A.~J.~S.~Smith,
A.~Tumanov,
E.~W.~Varnes
\inst{Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA }
F.~Bellini,
G.~Cavoto,
D.~del Re,
R.~Faccini,\footnote{ Also with University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA }
F.~Ferrarotto,
F.~Ferroni,
M.~A.~Mazzoni,
S.~Morganti,
G.~Piredda,
M.~Serra,
C.~Voena
\inst{Universit\`a di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, I-00185 Roma, Italy }
S.~Christ,
R.~Waldi
\inst{Universit\"at Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany }
T.~Adye,
N.~De Groot,
B.~Franek,
N.~I.~Geddes,
G.~P.~Gopal,
S.~M.~Xella
\inst{Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom }
R.~Aleksan,
S.~Emery,
A.~Gaidot,
S.~F.~Ganzhur,
P.-F.~Giraud,
G.~Hamel de Monchenault,
W.~Kozanecki,
M.~Langer,
G.~W.~London,
B.~Mayer,
B.~Serfass,
G.~Vasseur,
Ch.~Y\`eche,
M.~Zito
\inst{DAPNIA, Commissariat \`a l'Energie Atomique/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France }
M.~V.~Purohit,
A.~W.~Weidemann,
F.~X.~Yumiceva
\inst{University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA }
I.~Adam,
D.~Aston,
N.~Berger,
A.~M.~Boyarski,
G.~Calderini,
M.~R.~Convery,
D.~P.~Coupal,
D.~Dong,
J.~Dorfan,
W.~Dunwoodie,
R.~C.~Field,
T.~Glanzman,
S.~J.~Gowdy,
T.~Haas,
T.~Hadig,
V.~Halyo,
T.~Himel,
T.~Hryn'ova,
M.~E.~Huffer,
W.~R.~Innes,
C.~P.~Jessop,
M.~H.~Kelsey,
P.~Kim,
M.~L.~Kocian,
U.~Langenegger,
D.~W.~G.~S.~Leith,
S.~Luitz,
V.~Luth,
H.~L.~Lynch,
H.~Marsiske,
S.~Menke,
R.~Messner,
D.~R.~Muller,
C.~P.~O'Grady,
V.~E.~Ozcan,
A.~Perazzo,
M.~Perl,
S.~Petrak,
H.~Quinn,
B.~N.~Ratcliff,
S.~H.~Robertson,
A.~Roodman,
A.~A.~Salnikov,
T.~Schietinger,
R.~H.~Schindler,
J.~Schwiening,
A.~Snyder,
A.~Soha,
S.~M.~Spanier,
J.~Stelzer,
D.~Su,
M.~K.~Sullivan,
H.~A.~Tanaka,
J.~Va'vra,
S.~R.~Wagner,
M.~Weaver,
A.~J.~R.~Weinstein,
W.~J.~Wisniewski,
D.~H.~Wright,
C.~C.~Young
\inst{Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94309, USA }
P.~R.~Burchat,
C.~H.~Cheng,
T.~I.~Meyer,
C.~Roat
\inst{Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA }
R.~Henderson
\inst{TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2A3 }
W.~Bugg,
H.~Cohn
\inst{University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA }
J.~M.~Izen,
I.~Kitayama,
X.~C.~Lou
\inst{University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA }
F.~Bianchi,
M.~Bona,
D.~Gamba
\inst{Universit\`a di Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica Sperimentale and INFN, I-10125 Torino, Italy }
L.~Bosisio,
G.~Della Ricca,
S.~Dittongo,
L.~Lanceri,
P.~Poropat,
L.~Vitale,
G.~Vuagnin
\inst{Universit\`a di Trieste, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, I-34127 Trieste, Italy }
R.~S.~Panvini
\inst{Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA }
C.~M.~Brown,
P.~D.~Jackson,
R.~Kowalewski,
J.~M.~Roney
\inst{University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6 }
H.~R.~Band,
S.~Dasu,
M.~Datta,
A.~M.~Eichenbaum,
H.~Hu,
J.~R.~Johnson,
R.~Liu,
F.~Di~Lodovico,
Y.~Pan,
R.~Prepost,
I.~J.~Scott,
S.~J.~Sekula,
J.~H.~von Wimmersperg-Toeller,
S.~L.~Wu,
Z.~Yu
\inst{University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA }
T.~M.~B.~Kordich,
H.~Neal
\inst{Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA }

\end{center}\newpage

acknow_PRL.tex
We are grateful for the excellent luminosity and machine conditions
provided by our \pep2\ colleagues, 
and for the substantial dedicated effort from
the computing organizations that support \babar.
The collaborating institutions wish to thank 
SLAC for its support and kind hospitality. 
This work is supported by
DOE
and NSF (USA),
NSERC (Canada),
IHEP (China),
CEA and
CNRS-IN2P3
(France),
BMBF
(Germany),
INFN (Italy),
NFR (Norway),
MIST (Russia), and
PPARC (United Kingdom). 
Individuals have received support from the 
A.~P.~Sloan Foundation, 
Research Corporation,
and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

babarsym.tex
%%%%%   Standard symbols for use in BABAR papers and BAD Notes
%%%%%
%%%%%   Revised   05/22/01 P. Dauncey     Added \hepex, etc. and clean up a bit
%%%%%   Revised   12/07/00 D. Hitlin      Added features of D. Kirkby's HEP.sty
%%%%%   Revised   07/13/00 R. Waldi       Corrected \Kbar, \Bbar ... macros
%%%%%   Revised   07/13/00 D. MacFarlane  Replaced incorrect \chic1 symbols
%%%%%   Revised   07/05/00 P. Dauncey     Added \mes, \mec, removed \O
%%%%%   Revised   07/04/00 D. MacFarlane  Added scalable version of BABAR
%%%%%   Revised   07/01/00 D. MacFarlane
%%%%%   Revised   06/21/00 D. Hitlin
%%%%%   Original  06/10/00 D. Hitlin
%%%%%   Revision of TDR and Physics Book symbol file
%%%%%

\RequirePackage{xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% BABAR ... THE NAME OF THE COLLABORATION %%%%

% Huge boldface
\def\hbabar{\mbox{{\huge\bf\sl B}\hspace{-0.1em}{\LARGE\bf\sl A}\hspace{-0.03em}{\huge\bf\sl B}\hspace{-0.1em}{\LARGE\bf\sl A\hspace{-0.03em}R}}}
% LARGE
\def\Lbabar{\mbox{{\LARGE\sl B}\hspace{-0.15em}{\Large\sl A}\hspace{-0.07em}{\LARGE\sl B}\hspace{-0.15em}{\Large\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}}
% Large
\def\lbabar{\mbox{{\large\sl B}\hspace{-0.4em} {\normalsize\sl A}\hspace{-0.03em}{\large\sl B}\hspace{-0.4em} {\normalsize\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}}
% normal size
%\def\babar{\mbox{\sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A}\hspace{-0.37em} \sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}}
% replace normalsize with scalable version       dbm 7/4/00
\usepackage{relsize}
\def\babar{\mbox{\slshape B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A}\kern-0.1em
    B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A\kern-0.2em R}}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   LEPTONS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\let\emi\en
\def\electron   {\ensuremath{e}\xspace}
\def\en         {\ensuremath{e^-}\xspace}   % electron negative (\em is taken)
\def\ep         {\ensuremath{e^+}\xspace}
\def\epm        {\ensuremath{e^\pm}\xspace} 
\def\epem       {\ensuremath{e^+e^-}\xspace}
\def\ee         {\ensuremath{e^-e^-}\xspace}

\def\mmu        {\ensuremath{\mu}\xspace}
\def\mup        {\ensuremath{\mu^+}\xspace}
\def\mun        {\ensuremath{\mu^-}\xspace} % muon negative (\mum is taken)
\def\mumu       {\ensuremath{\mu^+\mu^-}\xspace}
\def\mtau       {\ensuremath{\tau}\xspace}

\def\taup       {\ensuremath{\tau^+}\xspace}
\def\taum       {\ensuremath{\tau^-}\xspace}
\def\tautau     {\ensuremath{\tau^+\tau^-}\xspace}

\def\ellm       {\ensuremath{\ell^-}\xspace}
\def\ellp       {\ensuremath{\ell^+}\xspace}
\def\ellell     {\ensuremath{\ell^+ \ell^-}\xspace}

\def\nub        {\ensuremath{\overline{\nu}}\xspace}
\def\nunub      {\ensuremath{\nu{\overline{\nu}}}\xspace}
\def\nub        {\ensuremath{\overline{\nu}}\xspace}
\def\nunub      {\ensuremath{\nu{\overline{\nu}}}\xspace}
\def\nue        {\ensuremath{\nu_e}\xspace}
\def\nueb       {\ensuremath{\nub_e}\xspace}
\def\nuenueb    {\ensuremath{\nue\nueb}\xspace}
\def\num        {\ensuremath{\nu_\mu}\xspace}
\def\numb       {\ensuremath{\nub_\mu}\xspace}
\def\numnumb    {\ensuremath{\num\numb}\xspace}
\def\nut        {\ensuremath{\nu_\tau}\xspace}
\def\nutb       {\ensuremath{\nub_\tau}\xspace}
\def\nutnutb    {\ensuremath{\nut\nutb}\xspace}
\def\nul        {\ensuremath{\nu_\ell}\xspace}
\def\nulb       {\ensuremath{\nub_\ell}\xspace}
\def\nulnulb    {\ensuremath{\nul\nulb}\xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  PHOTONS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\g     {\ensuremath{\gamma}\xspace}
\def\gaga  {\ensuremath{\gamma\gamma}\xspace}  %% changed from \gg, which is >>
\def\ggstar{\ensuremath{\gamma\gamma^*}\xspace}

\def\ega    {\ensuremath{e\gamma}\xspace}
\def\game   {\ensuremath{\gamma e^-}\xspace}
\def\epemg  {\ensuremath{e^+e^-\gamma}\xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%  Other GAUGE BOSONS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\H      {\ensuremath{H^0}\xspace}
\def\Hp     {\ensuremath{H^+}\xspace}
\def\Hm     {\ensuremath{H^-}\xspace}
\def\Hpm    {\ensuremath{H^\pm}\xspace}
\def\W      {\ensuremath{W}\xspace}
\def\Wp     {\ensuremath{W^+}\xspace}
\def\Wm     {\ensuremath{W^-}\xspace}
\def\Wpm    {\ensuremath{W^\pm}\xspace}
\def\Z      {\ensuremath{Z^0}\xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   QUARKS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\q     {\ensuremath{q}\xspace}
\def\qbar  {\ensuremath{\overline q}\xspace}
\def\qqbar {\ensuremath{q\overline q}\xspace}
\def\u     {\ensuremath{u}\xspace}
\def\ubar  {\ensuremath{\overline u}\xspace}
\def\uubar {\ensuremath{u\overline u}\xspace}
\def\d     {\ensuremath{d}\xspace}
\def\dbar  {\ensuremath{\overline d}\xspace}
\def\ddbar {\ensuremath{d\overline d}\xspace}
\def\s     {\ensuremath{s}\xspace}
\def\sbar  {\ensuremath{\overline s}\xspace}
\def\ssbar {\ensuremath{s\overline s}\xspace}
\def\c     {\ensuremath{c}\xspace}
\def\cbar  {\ensuremath{\overline c}\xspace}
\def\ccbar {\ensuremath{c\overline c}\xspace}
\def\b     {\ensuremath{b}\xspace}
\def\bbar  {\ensuremath{\overline b}\xspace}
\def\bbbar {\ensuremath{b\overline b}\xspace}
\def\t     {\ensuremath{t}\xspace}
\def\tbar  {\ensuremath{\overline t}\xspace}
\def\tbar  {\ensuremath{\overline t}\xspace}
\def\ttbar {\ensuremath{t\overline t}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% LIGHT MESONS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\piz   {\ensuremath{\pi^0}\xspace}
\def\pizs  {\ensuremath{\pi^0\mbox\,\rm{s}}\xspace}
\def\ppz   {\ensuremath{\pi^0\pi^0}\xspace}
\def\pip   {\ensuremath{\pi^+}\xspace}
\def\pim   {\ensuremath{\pi^-}\xspace}
\def\pipi  {\ensuremath{\pi^+\pi^-}\xspace}
\def\pipm  {\ensuremath{\pi^\pm}\xspace}
\def\pimp  {\ensuremath{\pi^\mp}\xspace}

\def\kaon  {\ensuremath{K}\xspace}
%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
\def\Kbar  {\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em K}{}\xspace}
\def\Kb    {\ensuremath{\Kbar}\xspace}
\def\Kz    {\ensuremath{K^0}\xspace}
\def\Kzb   {\ensuremath{\Kbar^0}\xspace}
\def\KzKzb {\ensuremath{\Kz \kern -0.16em \Kzb}\xspace}
\def\Kp    {\ensuremath{K^+}\xspace}
\def\Km    {\ensuremath{K^-}\xspace}
\def\Kpm   {\ensuremath{K^\pm}\xspace}
\def\Kmp   {\ensuremath{K^\mp}\xspace}
\def\KpKm  {\ensuremath{\Kp \kern -0.16em \Km}\xspace}
\def\KS    {\ensuremath{K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S}}\xspace} 
\def\KL    {\ensuremath{K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle L}}\xspace} 
\def\Kstarz  {\ensuremath{K^{*0}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarzb {\ensuremath{\Kbar^{*0}}\xspace}
\def\Kstar   {\ensuremath{K^*}\xspace}
\def\Kstarb  {\ensuremath{\Kbar^*}\xspace}
\def\Kstarp  {\ensuremath{K^{*+}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarm  {\ensuremath{K^{*-}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarpm {\ensuremath{K^{*\pm}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarmp {\ensuremath{K^{*\mp}}\xspace}

\newcommand{\etapr}{\ensuremath{\eta^{\prime}}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% HEAVY MESONS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
\def\Dbar    {\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em D}{}\xspace}
\def\Db      {\ensuremath{\Dbar}\xspace}
\def\Dz      {\ensuremath{D^0}\xspace}
\def\Dzb     {\ensuremath{\Dbar^0}\xspace}
\def\DzDzb   {\ensuremath{\Dz {\kern -0.16em \Dzb}}\xspace}
\def\Dp      {\ensuremath{D^+}\xspace}
\def\Dm      {\ensuremath{D^-}\xspace}
\def\Dpm     {\ensuremath{D^\pm}\xspace}
\def\Dmp     {\ensuremath{D^\mp}\xspace}
\def\DpDm    {\ensuremath{\Dp {\kern -0.16em \Dm}}\xspace}
\def\Dstar   {\ensuremath{D^*}\xspace}
\def\Dstarb  {\ensuremath{\Dbar^*}\xspace}
\def\Dstarz  {\ensuremath{D^{*0}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarzb {\ensuremath{\Dbar^{*0}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarp  {\ensuremath{D^{*+}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarm  {\ensuremath{D^{*-}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarpm {\ensuremath{D^{*\pm}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarmp {\ensuremath{D^{*\mp}}\xspace}
\def\Ds      {\ensuremath{D^+_s}\xspace}
\def\Dsb     {\ensuremath{\Dbar^+_s}\xspace}
\def\Dss     {\ensuremath{D^{*+}_s}\xspace}

% Obsolete
\newcommand{\dstr}{\ensuremath{\Dstar}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dstrstr}{\ensuremath{D^{**}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dsp}{\ensuremath{\Dstarp}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dsm}{\ensuremath{\Dstarm}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dsz}{\ensuremath{\Dstarz}\xspace}


\def\B       {\ensuremath{B}\xspace}
%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
\def\Bbar    {\kern 0.18em\overline{\kern -0.18em B}{}\xspace}
\def\Bb      {\ensuremath{\Bbar}\xspace}
\def\BB      {\ensuremath{B\Bbar}\xspace} 
\def\Bz      {\ensuremath{B^0}\xspace}
\def\Bzb     {\ensuremath{\Bbar^0}\xspace}
\def\BzBzb   {\ensuremath{\Bz {\kern -0.16em \Bzb}}\xspace}
\def\Bu      {\ensuremath{B^+}\xspace}
\def\Bub     {\ensuremath{B^-}\xspace}
\def\Bp      {\ensuremath{\Bu}\xspace}
\def\Bm      {\ensuremath{\Bub}\xspace}
\def\Bpm     {\ensuremath{B^\pm}\xspace}
\def\Bmp     {\ensuremath{B^\mp}\xspace}
\def\BpBm    {\ensuremath{\Bu {\kern -0.16em \Bub}}\xspace}
\def\Bs      {\ensuremath{B_s}\xspace}
\def\Bsb     {\ensuremath{\Bbar_s}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ONIA %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\jpsi     {\ensuremath{{J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi\mskip 2mu}}\xspace}
\def\psitwos  {\ensuremath{\psi{(2S)}}\xspace}
\def\psiprpr  {\ensuremath{\psi(3770)}\xspace}
\def\etac     {\ensuremath{\eta_c}\xspace}
\def\chiczero {\ensuremath{\chi_{c0}}\xspace}
\def\chicone  {\ensuremath{\chi_{c1}}\xspace}
\def\chictwo  {\ensuremath{\chi_{c2}}\xspace}
\mathchardef\Upsilon="7107
\def\Y#1S{\ensuremath{\Upsilon{(#1S)}}\xspace}% no space before {...}!
\def\OneS  {\Y1S}
\def\TwoS  {\Y2S}
\def\ThreeS{\Y3S}
\def\FourS {\Y4S}
\def\FiveS {\Y5S}

%\def\chic1{\ensuremath{\chi_{c1}}}
%\def\chic2{\ensuremath{\chi_{c2}}}
%\def\chic3{\ensuremath{\chi_{c3}}}
\def\chic#1{\ensuremath{\chi_{c#1}}\xspace} % dbm


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% BARYONS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\proton      {\ensuremath{p}\xspace}
\def\antiproton  {\ensuremath{\overline p}\xspace}
\def\neutron     {\ensuremath{n}\xspace}
\def\antineutron {\ensuremath{\overline n}\xspace}

\mathchardef\Deltares="7101
\mathchardef\Xi="7104
\mathchardef\Lambda="7103
\mathchardef\Sigma="7106
\mathchardef\Omega="710A

%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
\def\Deltabar{\kern 0.25em\overline{\kern -0.25em \Deltares}{}\xspace}
\def\Lbar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em\Lambda\kern 0.05em}\kern-0.05em{}\xspace}
\def\Sigbar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \Sigma}{}\xspace}
\def\Xibar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \Xi}{}\xspace}
\def\Obar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \Omega}{}\xspace}
\def\Nbar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em N}{}\xspace}
\def\Xb{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em X}{}\xspace}

\def\X {\ensuremath{X}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%% TAU BRANCHING FRACTIONS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\BR         {{\ensuremath{\cal B}\xspace}}
\def\BRtauptoe  {\ensuremath{\BR(\taup \to \ep)}\xspace}
\def\BRtaumtoe  {\ensuremath{\BR(\taum \to \en)}\xspace}
\def\BRtauptomu {\ensuremath{\BR(\taup \to \mup)}\xspace}
\def\BRtaumtomu {\ensuremath{\BR(\taum \to \mun)}\xspace}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%  LIGHT HADRON DECAYS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\etaprepp}{\ensuremath{\etapr \to \eta \pipi}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etaprrg} {\ensuremath{\etapr \to \rho^0 \g}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  B DECAYS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\bpsiks     {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \KS}\xspace}
\def\bpsikst    {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \Kstar}\xspace}
\def\bpsikl     {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \KL}\xspace}
\def\bpsikzeropi{\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \Kstarz (\to \KL \piz)}\xspace}
\def\bpsikpluspi{\ensuremath{\Bu \to \jpsi \Kstarp (\to \KL \pip)}\xspace}
\def\bpsikpi    {\ensuremath{\Bz/\Bzb \to \jpsi (\to \mumu) \Kpm \pimp}\xspace}
\def\bupsik     {\ensuremath{\Bpm \to \jpsi (\to \mumu) \Kpm}\xspace}
\def\bpsiX      {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \X}\xspace}

\def\Bzbtomu    {\ensuremath{\Bzb \to \mu \X}\xspace}
\def\Bzbtox     {\ensuremath{\Bzb \to \X}\xspace}
\def\Bztopipi   {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \pipi}\xspace}
\def\Bztokpi    {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \Kpm \pimp}\xspace}
\def\Bztorhopi  {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \rho^+ \pim}\xspace}
\def\Bztorhorho {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \rho \rho}\xspace}
\def\Bztokrho   {\ensuremath{\Bz \to K \rho}\xspace}
\def\Bztokstpi  {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \Kstar \pi}\xspace}
\def\Bztoapi    {\ensuremath{\Bz \to a_1 \pi}\xspace}
\def\Bztodd     {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \DpDm}\xspace}
\def\Bztodstd   {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \Dstarp \Dm}\xspace}
\def\Bztodstdst {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \Dstarp \Dstarm}\xspace}

\def\BtoDK      {\ensuremath{B \to DK}\xspace}
\def\Btodstlnu  {\ensuremath{B \to \Dstar \ell \nu}\xspace}
\def\Btodstdlnu {\ensuremath{B \to \Dstar(D) \ell \nu}\xspace}
\def\Btorholnu  {\ensuremath{B \to \rho \ell \nu}\xspace}
\def\Btopilnu   {\ensuremath{B \to \pi \ell \nu}\xspace}

\def\Btoetah    {\ensuremath{B \to \eta h}\xspace}
\def\Btoetaph   {\ensuremath{B \to \etapr h}\xspace}

\newcommand{\Betaprks}{\ensuremath{\Bz \to \etapr \KS}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Betaprkz}{\ensuremath{\Bz \to \etapr \Kz}\xspace}

\def\btosgam    {\ensuremath{b \to s \g}\xspace}
\def\btodgam    {\ensuremath{b \to d \g}\xspace}
\def\btosll     {\ensuremath{b \to s \ellell}\xspace}
\def\btosnunu   {\ensuremath{b \to s \nunub}\xspace}
\def\btosgaga   {\ensuremath{b \to s \gaga}\xspace}
\def\btosglue   {\ensuremath{b \to s g}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  Y(4S) DECAYS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\upsbb   {\ensuremath{\FourS \to \BB}\xspace}
\def\upsbzbz {\ensuremath{\FourS \to \BzBzb}\xspace}
\def\upsbpbm {\ensuremath{\FourS \to \BpBm}\xspace}
\def\upspsikl{\ensuremath{\FourS \to (\bpsikl) (\Bzbtox)}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  TAU DECAYS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\tauptoe    {\ensuremath{\taup \to \ep \nunub}\xspace}
\def\taumtoe    {\ensuremath{\taum \to \en \nunub}\xspace}
\def\tauptomu   {\ensuremath{\taup \to \mup \nunub}\xspace}
\def\taumtomu   {\ensuremath{\taum \to \mun \nunub}\xspace}
\def\tauptopi   {\ensuremath{\taup \to \pip \nub}\xspace}
\def\taumtopi   {\ensuremath{\taum \to \pim \nu}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% GAMMA-GAMMA REACTIONS %%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\ggtopi     {\ensuremath{\gaga \to \pipi}\xspace}
\def\ggtopiz    {\ensuremath{\gaga \to \ppz}\xspace}
\def\ggstox     {\ensuremath{\ggstar \to \X(1420) \to \kaon \kaon \pi}\xspace}
\def\ggstoeta   {\ensuremath{\ggstar \to \eta(550) \to \pipi \piz}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   KINEMATICS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\ptot       {\mbox{$p$}\xspace}
%\def\pxy        {\mbox{$p_{\rm t}$}
\def\pxy        {\mbox{$p_T$}\xspace}
%\def\pt         {\mbox{$p_{\rm t}$}\xspace}
\def\pt         {\mbox{$p_T$}\xspace}
\def\mes        {\mbox{$m_{\rm ES}$}\xspace}
\def\mec        {\mbox{$m_{\rm EC}$}\xspace}
\def\DeltaE     {\mbox{$\Delta E$}\xspace}

\def\pbcm {\ensuremath{p^*_{\Bz}}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   GEOMETRY    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\mphi       {\mbox{$\phi$}\xspace}
\def\mtheta     {\mbox{$\theta$}\xspace}
\def\ctheta     {\mbox{$\cos\theta$}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%% ENERGY AND MOMENTUM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\tev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\kev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,ke\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,e\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gevc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mevc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gevcc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mevcc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2}}\xspace}
%\def\ev   {\ensuremath{\rm \,e\kern -0.08em V}}
%\def\kev  {\ensuremath{\rm \,ke\kern -0.08em V}} 
%\def\mev  {\ensuremath{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V}} 
%\def\gev  {\ensuremath{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V}} 
%\def\gevc {\ensuremath{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V\!/c}} 
%\def\gevc {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V\!/}c}} 
%\def\tev  {\ensuremath{\rm \,Te\kern -0.08em V}}
%\def\mevc {\ensuremath{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V\!/c}} 
%\def\mevc {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V\!/}c}} 
%\def\gevcc{\ensuremath{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V\!/c^2}} 
%\def\mevcc{\ensuremath{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V\!/c^2}} 
%\def\gevcc{\ensuremath{{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V\!/}c^2}} 
%\def\mevcc{\ensuremath{{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V\!/}c^2}} 


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%% DISTANCE AND AREA %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\syin {\ensuremath{^{\prime\prime}}\xspace}
\def\inch   {\ensuremath{\rm \,in}\xspace} % \in is taken
\def\ft   {\ensuremath{\rm \,ft}\xspace}
\def\km   {\ensuremath{\rm \,km}\xspace}
\def\m    {\ensuremath{\rm \,m}\xspace}
\def\cm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,cm}\xspace}
\def\cma  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,cm}^2}\xspace}
\def\mm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,mm}\xspace}
\def\mma  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,mm}^2}\xspace}
%\def\mum  {\ensuremath{\rm \,\mum}\xspace}
\def\mum  {\ensuremath{\,\mu\rm m}\xspace}%% mu meter 
%\def\muma {\ensuremath{\rm \,\mum}^2\xspace}
\def\muma       {\ensuremath{\,\mu\rm m^2}\xspace}
\def\nm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,nm}\xspace}
\def\fm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,fm}\xspace}
\def\nm         {\ensuremath{\rm \,nm}\xspace}   %% nanometer
\def\nb         {\ensuremath{\rm \,nb}\xspace}
%
\def\barn{\ensuremath{\rm \,b}\xspace}
\def\barnhyph{\ensuremath{\rm -b}\xspace}
\def\mbarn{\ensuremath{\rm \,mb}\xspace}
\def\mbarnhyph{\ensuremath{\rm -mb}\xspace}
\def\pb {\ensuremath{\rm \,pb}\xspace}
\def\invpb {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,pb}^{-1}}\xspace}
\def\fb   {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,fb}}\xspace}
\def\invfb   {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,fb}^{-1}}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%% TIME AND MASS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\mus  {\ensuremath{\rm \,\mus}\xspace}
\def\ns   {\ensuremath{\rm \,ns}\xspace}
\def\ps   {\ensuremath{\rm \,ps}\xspace}
\def\fs   {\ensuremath{\rm \,fs}\xspace}
\def\gm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,g}\xspace}

%%\def\s{\ensuremath{\rm {\,s}}} %% second - this displays nothing  - why?
\def\sec{\ensuremath{\rm {\,s}}\xspace}       %% second - this works - jw 4/19
\def\ms         {\ensuremath{{\rm \,ms}}\xspace}     %% millisecond
\def\mus        {\ensuremath{\,\mu{\rm s}}\xspace}    %% microsecond
\def\ns         {\ensuremath{{\rm \,ns}}\xspace}      %% nanosecond
\def\ps         {\ensuremath{{\rm \,ps}}\xspace}  %% picosecond


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%   MISCELLANEOUS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\Xrad {\ensuremath{X_0}\xspace}
\def\NIL{\ensuremath{\lambda_{int}}\xspace}
\let\dgr\degrees


%\def\m          {\ensuremath{\rm \,m}}    %% meter
%\def\ma         {\ensuremath{\rm \,m}^2}  %% meter squared
%\def\cm         {\ensuremath{\rm \,cm}}   %% centimeter
%\def\cma        {\ensuremath{\rm \,cm}^2} %% centimeter squared
\def\cms         {\ensuremath{{\rm \,cm}^{-2} {\rm s}^{-1}}\xspace}
%\def\mm         {\ensuremath{\rm \,mm}}   %% millimeter
%\def\mma        {\ensuremath{\rm \,mm}^2} %% millimeter squared
%\def\mum        {\ensuremath{\,\mu\rm m}} %% mu meter
%\def\muma       {\ensuremath{\,\mu\rm m^2}}


\def\mic  {\ensuremath{\,\mu{\rm C}}\xspace}
\def\krad {\ensuremath{\rm \,krad}\xspace}
\def\cmc  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,cm}^3}\xspace}
\def\yr   {\ensuremath{\rm \,yr}\xspace}
\def\hr   {\ensuremath{\rm \,hr}\xspace}
\def\degc {\ensuremath{^\circ}{C}\xspace}
\def\degk {\ensuremath {\rm K}\xspace}
\def\degrees{\ensuremath{^{\circ}}\xspace}
\def\mrad{\ensuremath{\rm \,mrad}\xspace}               %% milliradian
\def\rad{\ensuremath{\rm \,rad}\xspace}
\def\mradhyph{\ensuremath{\rm -mr}\xspace}
%
\def\sx    {\ensuremath{\sigma_x}\xspace}    
\def\sy    {\ensuremath{\sigma_y}\xspace}   
\def\sz    {\ensuremath{\sigma_z}\xspace}    

%\renewcommand{\bar}[1]{\overline{#1}}  

% Some more (from Helen)
%\def\O{{\ensuremath{\cal O}}}  !!! This is a predefined LaTeX symbol !!!
\def\order{{\ensuremath{\cal O}}\xspace}
\def\L{{\ensuremath{\cal L}}\xspace}
\def\calL{{\ensuremath{\cal L}}\xspace}
%\def\S{{\ensuremath{\cal S}}}  !!! This is a predefined LaTeX symbol !!!
\def\calS{{\ensuremath{\cal S}}\xspace}
\def\calA{{\ensuremath{\cal A}}\xspace}
\def\calD{{\ensuremath{\cal D}}\xspace}
\def\calR{{\ensuremath{\cal R}}\xspace}

%% Arrows:
\def\ra                 {\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace}
\def\to                 {\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace}


\newcommand{\stat}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{(stat)}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\syst}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{(syst)}}\xspace}


\def\pep2{PEP-II}
\def\BF{$B$ Factory}
\def\abf {asymmetric \BF}
\def\sx    {\ensuremath{\sigma_x}\xspace}     
\def\sy    {\ensuremath{\sigma_y}\xspace}   
\def\sz    {\ensuremath{\sigma_z}\xspace}


\newcommand{\inverse}{\ensuremath{^{-1}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dedx}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{d}\hspace{-0.1em}E/\mathrm{d}x}\xspace}
\newcommand{\chisq}{\ensuremath{\chi^2}\xspace}
\newcommand{\delm}{\ensuremath{m_{\dstr}-m_{\dz}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\lum} {\ensuremath{\mathcal{L}}\xspace}

\def\gsim{{~\raise.15em\hbox{$>$}\kern-.85em
          \lower.35em\hbox{$\sim$}~}\xspace}
\def\lsim{{~\raise.15em\hbox{$<$}\kern-.85em
          \lower.35em\hbox{$\sim$}~}\xspace}

\def\qsq                {\ensuremath{q^2}\xspace}


% Data processing
\def\kbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbytes}}\xspace}
\def\kbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbytes/s}}\xspace}
\def\kbits      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbits}}\xspace}
\def\kbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbits/s}}\xspace}
\def\mbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbits/s}}\xspace}
\def\mbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbytes}}\xspace}
\def\mbps       {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbyte/s}}\xspace}
\def\mbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbytes/s}}\xspace}
\def\gbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Gbits/s}}\xspace}
\def\gbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Gbytes}}\xspace}
\def\gbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Gbytes/s}}\xspace}
\def\tbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Tbytes}}\xspace}
\def\tbpy       {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Tbytes/yr}}\xspace}
%




% QCD parameters

\newcommand{\as}{\ensuremath{\alpha_{\scriptscriptstyle S}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\MSb}{\ensuremath{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\LMSb}{%
  \ensuremath{\Lambda_{\overline{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm{MS}}}}\xspace
}

% Electroweak parameters

\newcommand{\tw}{\ensuremath{\theta_{\scriptscriptstyle W}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\twb}{%
  \ensuremath{\overline{\theta}_{\scriptscriptstyle W}}\xspace
}
\newcommand{\Afb}[1]{{\ensuremath{A_{\scriptscriptstyle FB}^{#1}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gv}[1]{{\ensuremath{g_{\scriptscriptstyle V}^{#1}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ga}[1]{{\ensuremath{g_{\scriptscriptstyle A}^{#1}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gvb}[1]{{\ensuremath{\overline{g}_{\scriptscriptstyle V}^{#1}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gab}[1]{{\ensuremath{\overline{g}_{\scriptscriptstyle A}^{#1}}}\xspace}


% CKM, CP violation

\def\eps{\varepsilon\xspace}
\def\epsK{\varepsilon_K\xspace}
\def\epsB{\varepsilon_B\xspace}
\def\epsp{\varepsilon^\prime_K\xspace}

\def\CP                {\ensuremath{C\!P}\xspace}
%\def\CPT               {\ensuremath{C\!P\!T}\xspace}
\def\CPT               {\ensuremath{C\!PT}\xspace} % Looks better without \!

\def\epstag  {\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm tag}}\xspace}
\def\tagfac  {\ensuremath{\epstag(1-2w)^2}\xspace}

\def\rhobar {\ensuremath{\overline \rho}\xspace}
\def\etabar {\ensuremath{\overline \eta}\xspace}
%\def\paramest {\ensuremath{{\hat A}, {\hat \rho}, {\hat \eta} }}
%\def\ssparamest {\ensuremath{{\hat A}, {\hat {\sin 2 \alpha}}, 
%{\hat {\sin 2 \beta}} }}
\def\meas {\ensuremath{|V_{cb}|, |\frac{V_{ub}}{V_{cb}}|, 
|\varepsilon_K|, \Delta m_{B_d}}\xspace}

\def\Vud  {\ensuremath{|V_{ud}|}\xspace}
\def\Vcd  {\ensuremath{|V_{cd}|}\xspace}
\def\Vtd  {\ensuremath{|V_{td}|}\xspace}
\def\Vus  {\ensuremath{|V_{us}|}\xspace}
\def\Vcs  {\ensuremath{|V_{cs}|}\xspace}
\def\Vts  {\ensuremath{|V_{ts}|}\xspace}
\def\Vub  {\ensuremath{|V_{ub}|}\xspace}
\def\Vcb  {\ensuremath{|V_{cb}|}\xspace}
\def\Vtb  {\ensuremath{|V_{tb}|}\xspace}

%\def\sa{${\sin\! 2 \alpha  }$\xspace}
%\def\sb{${\sin\! 2 \beta   }$\xspace}
%\def\sg{${\sin\! 2 \gamma  }$\xspace}

% added by Gautier for tagging, tagmix, and sin2beta
\def\stwoa{\ensuremath{\sin\! 2 \alpha  }\xspace}
\def\stwob{\ensuremath{\sin\! 2 \beta   }\xspace}
\def\stwog{\ensuremath{\sin\! 2 \gamma  }\xspace}
\def\mistag{\ensuremath{w}\xspace}
\def\dilution{\ensuremath{\cal D}\xspace}
\def\deltaz{\ensuremath{{\rm \Delta}z}\xspace}
\def\deltat{\ensuremath{{\rm \Delta}t}\xspace}
\def\deltamd{\ensuremath{{\rm \Delta}m_d}\xspace}

\newcommand{\fsubd}{\ensuremath{f_D}}\xspace
\newcommand{\fds}{\ensuremath{f_{D_s}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\fsubb}{\ensuremath{f_B}\xspace}
\newcommand{\fbd}{\ensuremath{f_{B_d}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\fbs}{\ensuremath{f_{B_s}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\bsubb}{\ensuremath{B_B}\xspace}
\newcommand{\bbd}{\ensuremath{B_{B_d}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\bbs}{\ensuremath{B_{B_s}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\rgbb}{\ensuremath{\hat{B}_B}\xspace}
\newcommand{\rgbbd}{\ensuremath{\hat{B}_{B_d}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\rgbbs}{\ensuremath{\hat{B}_{B_s}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\rgbk}{\ensuremath{\hat{B}_K}\xspace}
\newcommand{\lqcd}{\ensuremath{\Lambda_{\mathrm{QCD}}}\xspace}

%\newcommand{\eqref}[1]{Eq.~(\ref{eq:#1})}
\newcommand{\secref}[1]{Section~\ref{sec:#1}}
\newcommand{\subsecref}[1]{Section~\ref{subsec:#1}}
\newcommand{\figref}[1]{Figure~\ref{fig:#1}}
\newcommand{\tabref}[1]{Table~\ref{tab:#1}}






% Journal References

% These bases are useful for ``submitted to'' when no volume is needed
\newcommand{\epjBase}        {Eur.\ Phys.\ Jour.\xspace}
\newcommand{\jprlBase}       {Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\xspace}
\newcommand{\jprBase}        {Phys.\ Rev.\xspace}
\newcommand{\jplBase}        {Phys.\ Lett.\xspace}
\newcommand{\nimBaseA}       {Nucl.\ Instr.\ Meth.\xspace}
\newcommand{\nimBaseB}       {Nucl.\ Instr.\ and Meth.\xspace}
\newcommand{\nimBaseC}       {Nucl.\ Instr.\ and Methods\xspace}
\newcommand{\nimBaseD}       {Nucl.\ Instrum.\ Methods\xspace}
\newcommand{\npBase}         {Nucl.\ Phys.\xspace}
\newcommand{\zpBase}         {Z.\ Phys.\xspace}


\newcommand{\apas}      [1]  {{Acta Phys.\ Austr.\ Suppl.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\app}       [1]  {{Acta Phys.\ Polon.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\ace}       [1]  {{Adv.\ Cry.\ Eng.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\anp}       [1]  {{Adv.\ Nucl.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\annp}      [1]  {{Ann.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\araa}      [1]  {{Ann.\ Rev.\ Astr.\ Ap.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\arnps}     [1]  {{Ann.\ Rev.\ Nucl.\ Part.\ Sci.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\arns}      [1]  {{Ann.\ Rev.\ Nucl.\ Sci.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\appopt}    [1]  {{Appl.\ Opt.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\japj}      [1]  {{Astro.\ Phys.\ J.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\baps}      [1]  {{Bull.\ Am.\ Phys.\ Soc.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\seis}      [1]  {{Bull.\ Seismological Soc.\ of Am.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\cmp}       [1]  {{Commun.\ Math.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\cnpp}      [1]  {{Comm.\ Nucl.\ Part.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\cpc}       [1]  {{Comput.\ Phys.\ Commun.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\epj}       [1]  {\epjBase\ {\bf #1}}
%\newcommand{\epjc}      [1]  {{Eur.\ Phys.\ Jour.\ C~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\epjc}      [1]  {\epjBase\ C~{\bf #1}}
\newcommand{\fizika}    [1]  {{Fizika~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\fp}        [1]  {{Fortschr.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\ited}      [1]  {{IEEE Trans.\ Electron.\ Devices~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\itns}      [1]  {{IEEE Trans.\ Nucl.\ Sci.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\ijqe}      [1]  {{IEEE J.\ Quantum Electron.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\ijmp}      [1]  {{Int.\ Jour.\ Mod.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\ijmpa}     [1]  {{Int.\ J.\ Mod.\ Phys.\ {\bf A{\bf #1}}}}
\newcommand{\jl}        [1]  {{JETP Lett.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\jetp}      [1]  {{JETP~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\jpg}       [1]  {{J.\ Phys.\ {\bf G{\bf #1}}}}
\newcommand{\jap}       [1]  {{J.\ Appl.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\jmp}       [1]  {{J.\ Math.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\jmes}      [1]  {{J.\ Micro.\ Elec.\ Sys.\ {\bf #1}}}
%\newcommand{\josa}      [1]  {{J.\ Opt.\ Soc.\ Am.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\mpl}       [1]  {{Mod.\ Phys.\ Lett.\ {\bf #1}}}

%\newcommand{\nim}       [1]  {{Nucl.\ Instr.\ and Methods~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\nim}       [1]  {\nimBaseC~{\bf #1}}
%\newcommand{\nima}      [1]  {{Nucl.\ Instr.\ Methods~{\bf A{\bf #1}}}}
\newcommand{\nima}      [1]  {\nimBaseC~A~{\bf #1}}

%\newcommand{\np}        [1]  {{Nucl.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\np}        [1]  {\npBase\ {\bf #1}}
%\newcommand{\npb}       [1]  {{Nucl.\ Phys.\ {\bf B{\bf #1}}}}
\newcommand{\npb}       [1]  {\npBase\ B~{\bf #1}}
\newcommand{\npps}      [1]  {{Nucl.\ Phys.\ Proc.\ Suppl.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\npaps}     [1]  {{Nucl.\ Phys.\ A~Proc.\ Suppl.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\npbps}     [1]  {{Nucl.\ Phys.\ B~Proc.\ Suppl.\ {\bf #1}}}

\newcommand{\ncim}      [1]  {{Nuo.\ Cim.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\optl}      [1]  {{Opt.\ Lett.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\optcom}    [1]  {{Opt.\ Commun.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\partacc}   [1]  {{Particle Acclerators~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\pan}       [1]  {{Phys.\ Atom.\ Nuclei~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\pflu}      [1]  {{Physics of Fluids~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\ptoday}    [1]  {{Physics Today~{\bf #1}}}

%\newcommand{\jpl}       [1]  {{Phys.\ Lett.\ {\bf #1}}}      % dbm
\newcommand{\jpl}       [1]  {\jplBase\ {\bf #1}}
%\newcommand{\plb}       [1]  {{Phys.\ Lett.\ B~{\bf #1}}}   % dbm
\newcommand{\plb}       [1]  {\jplBase\ B~{\bf #1}}
\newcommand{\prep}      [1]  {{Phys.\ Rep.\ {\bf #1}}}
%\newcommand{\jprl}      [1]  {{Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf #1}}} % dbm
\newcommand{\jprl}      [1]  {\jprlBase\ {\bf #1}}
%\newcommand{\pr}        [1]  {{Phys.\ Rev.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\pr}        [1]  {\jprBase\ {\bf #1}}
%\newcommand{\jpra}      [1]  {{Phys.\ Rev.\ A~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\jpra}      [1]  {\jprBase\ A~{\bf #1}}
%\newcommand{\jprd}      [1]  {{Phys.\ Rev.\ D~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\jprd}      [1]  {\jprBase\ D~{\bf #1}}
%\newcommand{\jpre}      [1]  {{Phys.\ Rev.\ E~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\jpre}      [1]  {\jprBase\ E~{\bf #1}}

\newcommand{\prsl}      [1]  {{Proc.\ Roy.\ Soc.\ Lond.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\ppnp}      [1]  {{Prog.\ Part.\ Nucl.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\progtp}    [1]  {{Prog.\ Th.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\rpp}       [1]  {{Rep.\ Prog.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\jrmp}      [1]  {{Rev.\ Mod.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}  % dbm
\newcommand{\rsi}       [1]  {{Rev.\ Sci.\ Instr.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\sci}       [1]  {{Science~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\sjnp}      [1]  {{Sov.\ J.\ Nucl.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\spd}       [1]  {{Sov.\ Phys.\ Dokl.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\spu}       [1]  {{Sov.\ Phys.\ Usp.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\tmf}       [1]  {{Teor.\ Mat.\ Fiz.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\yf}        [1]  {{Yad.\ Fiz.\ {\bf #1}}}
%\newcommand{\zp}        [1]  {{Z.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\zp}        [1]  {\zpBase\ {\bf #1}}
%\newcommand{\zpc}       [1]  {{Z.\ Phys.\ C~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\zpc}       [1]  {\zpBase\ C~{\bf #1}}
\newcommand{\zpr}       [1]  {{ZhETF Pis.\ Red.\ {\bf #1}}}

\newcommand{\hepex}     [1]  {hep-ex/{#1}}
\newcommand{\hepph}     [1]  {hep-ph/{#1}}
\newcommand{\hepth}     [1]  {hep-th/{#1}}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SOFTWARE PACKAGES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\aslund     {\mbox{\tt Aslund}\xspace}
\def\bbsim      {\mbox{\tt BBsim}\xspace}
\def\beast      {\mbox{\tt Beast}\xspace}
\def\beget      {\mbox{\tt Beget}\xspace}
\def\Bta        {\mbox{\tt Beta}\xspace}
\def\betakfit   {\mbox{\tt BetaKfit}\xspace}
\def\cornelius  {\mbox{\tt Cornelius}\xspace}
\def\evtgen     {\mbox{\tt EvtGen}\xspace}
\def\euclid     {\mbox{\tt Euclid}\xspace}
\def\fitver     {\mbox{\tt FitVer}\xspace}
\def\fluka      {\mbox{\tt Fluka}\xspace}
\def\fortran    {\mbox{\tt Fortran}\xspace}
\def\gcalor     {\mbox{\tt GCalor}\xspace}
\def\geant      {\mbox{\tt GEANT}\xspace}
\def\gheisha    {\mbox{\tt Gheisha}\xspace}
\def\hemicosm   {\mbox{\tt HemiCosm}\xspace}
\def\hepevt     {\mbox{\tt{/HepEvt/}}\xspace}
\def\jetset74   {\mbox{\tt Jetset \hspace{-0.5em}7.\hspace{-0.2em}4}\xspace}
%\def\jetset     {\mbox{\tt Jetset \hspace{-0.5em}7.\hspace{-0.2em}4}}
\def\koralb     {\mbox{\tt KoralB}\xspace}
\def\minuit     {\mbox{\tt Minuit}\xspace}
\def\objegs     {\mbox{\tt Objegs}\xspace}
\def\paw        {\mbox{\tt Paw}\xspace}
\def\root       {\mbox{\tt Root}\xspace}
\def\squaw      {\mbox{\tt Squaw}\xspace}
\def\stdhep     {\mbox{\tt StdHep}\xspace}
\def\trackerr   {\mbox{\tt TrackErr}\xspace}
\def\turtle     {\mbox{\tt Decay~Turtle}\xspace}

hep-ex0205082.extracted_bib
\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{BaBarSin2betaObs}
\babar\ Collaboration, B. Aubert {\em et al.}, \jprl{87}, 091801 (2001).

\bibitem{BelleSin2betaObs}
BELLE Collaboration, K. Abe {\em et al.}, \jprl{87}, 091802 (2001).

\bibitem{BaBarSin2betaM02}
\babar\ Collaboration, B. Aubert {\em et al.}, hep-ex/0203007 (2002).

\bibitem{CKM}
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%\bibitem{cc}
%When only one charge mode is given, conjugate decay modes are implied.

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%\bibitem{cs}
%The unit vector $\hat{z}$ is aligned along the detector axis in
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%\bibitem{CLEOTwoBody}
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%\bibitem{BELLETwoBody}
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%\bibitem{babardircp}
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%\bibitem{CLEOdircp}
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%\bibitem{BELLEdircp}
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\end{thebibliography}