Hot Topics from Belle
Tim Gershon \index{Gershon, T.}
The most precise current determination of the Unitarity Triangle angle $\phi_3$ is presented. It is obtained using the decay $B^+ \to D^{(*)} K^+$, with Dalitz plot analysis of the subsequent $D \to K_S \pi^+\pi^-$ decay. The result is $\phi_3 = 68^\circ \,^{+14^\circ}_{-15^\circ} \stat \pm 13^\circ \syst \pm 11^\circ \model$.
fpcp04-macro.tex
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%  Useful macros for FPCP 2003
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%  useful macros for econf proceedings articles:

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%  basic formatting macros:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%  single-line equations:

\def\beq{\begin{equation}}
\def\eeq#1{\label{#1}\end{equation}}
\def\eeqn{\end{equation}}

%%  multiple-line equations  (use \CR as the carriage return):

\def\beqa{\begin{eqnarray}}
\def\eeqa#1{\label{#1}\end{eqnarray}}
\def\eeqan{\end{eqnarray}}
\def\CR{\nonumber \\ }

%%  reference to an equation number:

\def\leqn#1{(\ref{#1})}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%  bibliographic entries   (use this or the SPIRES LaTeX output)

\def\Journal#1#2#3#4{{#1} {\bf #2}, #3 (#4)}
\def\add#1#2#3{{\bf #1}, #2 (#3)}

%%   Journal or bibliographic formatting macros are obsolete!
%%   The SLAC/SPIRES database supplies properly formatted citations;
%%      click on  LaTeX(US) or LaTeX(EU)   

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%  sizing and bars

\def\st{\scriptstyle}
\def\sst{\scriptscriptstyle}

\def\overbar#1{\overline{#1}}
\let\littlebar=\bar
\let\bar=\overbar

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%  text-mode macros:

\def\etal{{\it et al.}}
\def\ie{{\it i.e.}}
\def\eg{{\it e.g.}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%  expectation values:

\def\VEV#1{\left\langle{ #1} \right\rangle}
\def\bra#1{\left\langle{ #1} \right|}
\def\ket#1{\left| {#1} \right\rangle}
\def\vev#1{\langle #1 \rangle}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%  caligraphic letters (for matrix elements, luminosity, etc.)

\def\cD{{\cal D}}
\def\cL{{\cal L}}
\def\cM{{\cal M}}
\def\cO{{\cal O}}
\def\cW{{\cal W}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%  matrix operations and fractions:

\def\One{{\bf 1}}
\def\hc{{\mbox{\rm h.c.}}}
\def\tr{{\mbox{\rm tr}}}
\def\half{\frac{1}{2}}
\def\thalf{\frac{3}{2}}
\def\third{\frac{1}{3}}
\def\tthird{\frac{2}{3}}

\def\Dslash{\not{\hbox{\kern-4pt $D$}}}
\def\dslash{\not{\hbox{\kern-2pt $\del$}}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%  high-energy physics terminology:

\def\Pl{{\mbox{\scriptsize Pl}}}
\def\eff{{\mbox{\scriptsize eff}}}
\def\CM{{\mbox{\scriptsize CM}}}
%% \def\BR{\mbox{\rm BR}}
\def\eepm{e^+e^-}
\def\sstw{\sin^2\theta_w}
\def\cstw{\cos^2\theta_w}
\def\mz{m_Z}
\def\gz{\Gamma_Z}
\def\mw{m_W}
\def\mt{m_t}
\def\gt{\Gamma_t}
\def\mh{m_h}
\def\gmu{G_\mu}
\def\GF{G_F}
\def\alphas{\alpha_s}
\def\msb{{\bar{\ssstyle M \kern -1pt S}}}
\def\lmsb{\Lambda_{\msb}}
\def\ELER{e^-_Le^+_R}
\def\EREL{e^-_Re^+_L}
\def\ELEL{e^-_Le^+_L}
\def\ERER{e^-_Re^+_R}
\def\epsi{\epsilon}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%  supersymmetry:

\def\ch#1{\widetilde\chi^+_{#1}}
\def\chm#1{\widetilde\chi^-_{#1}}
\def\neu#1{\widetilde\chi^0_{#1}}
\def\s#1{\widetilde{#1}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\vckm{V_{\rm CKM}}

\newcommand{\lsime} {\buildrel < \over {_\sim}}
\newcommand{\gsime} {\buildrel > \over {_\sim}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\BB0bar{B^0 {\overline B}^0}
\def\BB0dbar{B_d^0 {\overline B}_d^0}
\def\BB0sbar{B_s^0 {\overline B}_s^0}
\def\rhobara{\bar \rho}
\def\etabara{\bar \eta}
\def\rhoeta{\rhobara-\etabara}
\def\rar{\rightarrow}
\def\stb{\sin 2\beta}
\def\sta{\sin 2\alpha}
\def\dmd{\Delta m_d}
\def\dms{\Delta m_s}
\def\Cpipi{C_{\pi\pi}}
\def\Spipi{S_{\pi\pi}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5
%%%%%   Standard symbols for use in BABAR papers and BAD Notes
%%%%%
%%%%%   Revised   05/22/01 P. Dauncey     Added \hepex, etc. and clean up a bit
%%%%%   Revised   12/07/00 D. Hitlin      Added features of D. Kirkby's HEP.sty
%%%%%   Revised   07/13/00 R. Waldi       Corrected \Kbar, \Bbar ... macros
%%%%%   Revised   07/13/00 D. MacFarlane  Replaced incorrect \chic1 symbols
%%%%%   Revised   07/05/00 P. Dauncey     Added \mes, \mec, removed \O
%%%%%   Revised   07/04/00 D. MacFarlane  Added scalable version of BABAR
%%%%%   Revised   07/01/00 D. MacFarlane
%%%%%   Revised   06/21/00 D. Hitlin
%%%%%   Original  06/10/00 D. Hitlin
%%%%%   Revision of TDR and Physics Book symbol file
%%%%%

\RequirePackage{xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% BABAR ... THE NAME OF THE COLLABORATION %%%%

% Huge boldface
\def\hbabar{\mbox{{\huge\bf\sl B}\hspace{-0.1em}{\LARGE\bf\sl A}\hspace{-0.03em}{\huge\bf\sl B}\hspace{-0.1em}{\LARGE\bf\sl A\hspace{-0.03em}R}}}
% LARGE
\def\Lbabar{\mbox{{\LARGE\sl B}\hspace{-0.15em}{\Large\sl A}\hspace{-0.07em}{\LARGE\sl B}\hspace{-0.15em}{\Large\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}}
% Large
\def\lbabar{\mbox{{\large\sl B}\hspace{-0.4em} {\normalsize\sl A}\hspace{-0.03em}{\large\sl B}\hspace{-0.4em} {\normalsize\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}}
% normal size
%\def\babar{\mbox{\sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A}\hspace{-0.37em} \sl B\hspace{-0.4em} {\small\sl A\hspace{-0.02em}R}}}
% replace normalsize with scalable version       dbm 7/4/00
\usepackage{relsize}
\def\babar{\mbox{\slshape B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A}\kern-0.1em
    B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A\kern-0.2em R}}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   LEPTONS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\let\emi\en
\def\electron   {\ensuremath{e}\xspace}
\def\en         {\ensuremath{e^-}\xspace}   % electron negative (\em is taken)
\def\ep         {\ensuremath{e^+}\xspace}
\def\epm        {\ensuremath{e^\pm}\xspace} 
\def\epem       {\ensuremath{e^+e^-}\xspace}
\def\ee         {\ensuremath{e^-e^-}\xspace}

\def\mmu        {\ensuremath{\mu}\xspace}
\def\mup        {\ensuremath{\mu^+}\xspace}
\def\mun        {\ensuremath{\mu^-}\xspace} % muon negative (\mum is taken)
\def\mumu       {\ensuremath{\mu^+\mu^-}\xspace}
\def\mtau       {\ensuremath{\tau}\xspace}

\def\taup       {\ensuremath{\tau^+}\xspace}
\def\taum       {\ensuremath{\tau^-}\xspace}
\def\tautau     {\ensuremath{\tau^+\tau^-}\xspace}

\def\ellm       {\ensuremath{\ell^-}\xspace}
\def\ellp       {\ensuremath{\ell^+}\xspace}
\def\ellell     {\ensuremath{\ell^+ \ell^-}\xspace}

\def\nub        {\ensuremath{\overline{\nu}}\xspace}
\def\nunub      {\ensuremath{\nu{\overline{\nu}}}\xspace}
\def\nub        {\ensuremath{\overline{\nu}}\xspace}
\def\nunub      {\ensuremath{\nu{\overline{\nu}}}\xspace}
\def\nue        {\ensuremath{\nu_e}\xspace}
\def\nueb       {\ensuremath{\nub_e}\xspace}
\def\nuenueb    {\ensuremath{\nue\nueb}\xspace}
\def\num        {\ensuremath{\nu_\mu}\xspace}
\def\numb       {\ensuremath{\nub_\mu}\xspace}
\def\numnumb    {\ensuremath{\num\numb}\xspace}
\def\nut        {\ensuremath{\nu_\tau}\xspace}
\def\nutb       {\ensuremath{\nub_\tau}\xspace}
\def\nutnutb    {\ensuremath{\nut\nutb}\xspace}
\def\nul        {\ensuremath{\nu_\ell}\xspace}
\def\nulb       {\ensuremath{\nub_\ell}\xspace}
\def\nulnulb    {\ensuremath{\nul\nulb}\xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  PHOTONS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\g     {\ensuremath{\gamma}\xspace}
\def\gaga  {\ensuremath{\gamma\gamma}\xspace}  %% changed from \gg, which is >>
\def\ggstar{\ensuremath{\gamma\gamma^*}\xspace}

\def\ega    {\ensuremath{e\gamma}\xspace}
\def\game   {\ensuremath{\gamma e^-}\xspace}
\def\epemg  {\ensuremath{e^+e^-\gamma}\xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%  Other GAUGE BOSONS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\H      {\ensuremath{H^0}\xspace}
\def\Hp     {\ensuremath{H^+}\xspace}
\def\Hm     {\ensuremath{H^-}\xspace}
\def\Hpm    {\ensuremath{H^\pm}\xspace}
\def\W      {\ensuremath{W}\xspace}
\def\Wp     {\ensuremath{W^+}\xspace}
\def\Wm     {\ensuremath{W^-}\xspace}
\def\Wpm    {\ensuremath{W^\pm}\xspace}
\def\Z      {\ensuremath{Z^0}\xspace}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   QUARKS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\q     {\ensuremath{q}\xspace}
\def\qbar  {\ensuremath{\overline q}\xspace}
\def\qqbar {\ensuremath{q\overline q}\xspace}
\def\u     {\ensuremath{u}\xspace}
\def\ubar  {\ensuremath{\overline u}\xspace}
\def\uubar {\ensuremath{u\overline u}\xspace}
\def\d     {\ensuremath{d}\xspace}
\def\dbar  {\ensuremath{\overline d}\xspace}
\def\ddbar {\ensuremath{d\overline d}\xspace}
\def\s     {\ensuremath{s}\xspace}
\def\sbar  {\ensuremath{\overline s}\xspace}
\def\ssbar {\ensuremath{s\overline s}\xspace}
\def\cq     {\ensuremath{c}\xspace}
\def\cbar  {\ensuremath{\overline c}\xspace}
\def\ccbar {\ensuremath{c\overline c}\xspace}
\def\b     {\ensuremath{b}\xspace}
\def\bbar  {\ensuremath{\overline b}\xspace}
\def\bbbar {\ensuremath{b\overline b}\xspace}
\def\t     {\ensuremath{t}\xspace}
\def\tbar  {\ensuremath{\overline t}\xspace}
\def\tbar  {\ensuremath{\overline t}\xspace}
\def\ttbar {\ensuremath{t\overline t}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% LIGHT MESONS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\piz   {\ensuremath{\pi^0}\xspace}
\def\pizs  {\ensuremath{\pi^0\mbox\,\rm{s}}\xspace}
\def\ppz   {\ensuremath{\pi^0\pi^0}\xspace}
\def\pip   {\ensuremath{\pi^+}\xspace}
\def\pim   {\ensuremath{\pi^-}\xspace}
\def\pipi  {\ensuremath{\pi^+\pi^-}\xspace}
\def\pipm  {\ensuremath{\pi^\pm}\xspace}
\def\pimp  {\ensuremath{\pi^\mp}\xspace}

\def\kaon  {\ensuremath{K}\xspace}
%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
\def\Kbar  {\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em K}{}\xspace}
\def\Kb    {\ensuremath{\Kbar}\xspace}
\def\Kz    {\ensuremath{K^0}\xspace}
\def\Kzb   {\ensuremath{\Kbar^0}\xspace}
\def\KzKzb {\ensuremath{\Kz \kern -0.16em \Kzb}\xspace}
\def\Kp    {\ensuremath{K^+}\xspace}
\def\Km    {\ensuremath{K^-}\xspace}
\def\Kpm   {\ensuremath{K^\pm}\xspace}
\def\Kmp   {\ensuremath{K^\mp}\xspace}
\def\KpKm  {\ensuremath{\Kp \kern -0.16em \Km}\xspace}
\def\KS    {\ensuremath{K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S}}\xspace} 
\def\KL    {\ensuremath{K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle L}}\xspace} 
\def\Kstarz  {\ensuremath{K^{*0}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarzb {\ensuremath{\Kbar^{*0}}\xspace}
\def\Kstar   {\ensuremath{K^*}\xspace}
\def\Kstarb  {\ensuremath{\Kbar^*}\xspace}
\def\Kstarp  {\ensuremath{K^{*+}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarm  {\ensuremath{K^{*-}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarpm {\ensuremath{K^{*\pm}}\xspace}
\def\Kstarmp {\ensuremath{K^{*\mp}}\xspace}

\newcommand{\etapr}{\ensuremath{\eta^{\prime}}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% HEAVY MESONS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
\def\Dbar    {\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em D}{}\xspace}
\def\Db      {\ensuremath{\Dbar}\xspace}
\def\Dz      {\ensuremath{D^0}\xspace}
\def\Dzb     {\ensuremath{\Dbar^0}\xspace}
\def\DzDzb   {\ensuremath{\Dz {\kern -0.16em \Dzb}}\xspace}
\def\Dp      {\ensuremath{D^+}\xspace}
\def\Dm      {\ensuremath{D^-}\xspace}
\def\Dpm     {\ensuremath{D^\pm}\xspace}
\def\Dmp     {\ensuremath{D^\mp}\xspace}
\def\DpDm    {\ensuremath{\Dp {\kern -0.16em \Dm}}\xspace}
\def\Dstar   {\ensuremath{D^*}\xspace}
\def\Dstarb  {\ensuremath{\Dbar^*}\xspace}
\def\Dstarz  {\ensuremath{D^{*0}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarzb {\ensuremath{\Dbar^{*0}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarp  {\ensuremath{D^{*+}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarm  {\ensuremath{D^{*-}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarpm {\ensuremath{D^{*\pm}}\xspace}
\def\Dstarmp {\ensuremath{D^{*\mp}}\xspace}
\def\Ds      {\ensuremath{D^+_s}\xspace}
\def\Dsb     {\ensuremath{\Dbar^+_s}\xspace}
\def\Dss     {\ensuremath{D^{*+}_s}\xspace}

% Obsolete
\newcommand{\dstr}{\ensuremath{\Dstar}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dstrstr}{\ensuremath{D^{**}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dsp}{\ensuremath{\Dstarp}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dsm}{\ensuremath{\Dstarm}\xspace}
\newcommand{\dsz}{\ensuremath{\Dstarz}\xspace}


\def\B       {\ensuremath{B}\xspace}
%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
\def\Bbar    {\kern 0.18em\overline{\kern -0.18em B}{}\xspace}
\def\Bb      {\ensuremath{\Bbar}\xspace}
\def\BB      {\ensuremath{B\Bbar}\xspace} 
\def\Bz      {\ensuremath{B^0}\xspace}
\def\Bzb     {\ensuremath{\Bbar^0}\xspace}
\def\BzBzb   {\ensuremath{\Bz {\kern -0.16em \Bzb}}\xspace}
\def\Bu      {\ensuremath{B^+}\xspace}
\def\Bub     {\ensuremath{B^-}\xspace}
\def\Bp      {\ensuremath{\Bu}\xspace}
\def\Bm      {\ensuremath{\Bub}\xspace}
\def\Bpm     {\ensuremath{B^\pm}\xspace}
\def\Bmp     {\ensuremath{B^\mp}\xspace}
\def\BpBm    {\ensuremath{\Bu {\kern -0.16em \Bub}}\xspace}
\def\Bs      {\ensuremath{B_s}\xspace}
\def\Bsb     {\ensuremath{\Bbar_s}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ONIA %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\jpsi     {\ensuremath{{J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi\mskip 2mu}}\xspace}
\def\psitwos  {\ensuremath{\psi{(2S)}}\xspace}
\def\psiprpr  {\ensuremath{\psi(3770)}\xspace}
\def\etac     {\ensuremath{\eta_c}\xspace}
\def\chiczero {\ensuremath{\chi_{c0}}\xspace}
\def\chicone  {\ensuremath{\chi_{c1}}\xspace}
\def\chictwo  {\ensuremath{\chi_{c2}}\xspace}
\mathchardef\Upsilon="7107
\def\Y#1S{\ensuremath{\Upsilon{(#1S)}}\xspace}% no space before {...}!
\def\OneS  {\Y1S}
\def\TwoS  {\Y2S}
\def\ThreeS{\Y3S}
\def\FourS {\Y4S}
\def\FiveS {\Y5S}

%\def\chic1{\ensuremath{\chi_{c1}}}
%\def\chic2{\ensuremath{\chi_{c2}}}
%\def\chic3{\ensuremath{\chi_{c3}}}
\def\chic#1{\ensuremath{\chi_{c#1}}\xspace} % dbm


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% BARYONS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\proton      {\ensuremath{p}\xspace}
\def\antiproton  {\ensuremath{\overline p}\xspace}
\def\neutron     {\ensuremath{n}\xspace}
\def\antineutron {\ensuremath{\overline n}\xspace}

\mathchardef\Deltares="7101
\mathchardef\Xi="7104
\mathchardef\Lambda="7103
\mathchardef\Sigma="7106
\mathchardef\Omega="710A

%%% do NOT use ensuremath here
\def\Deltabar{\kern 0.25em\overline{\kern -0.25em \Deltares}{}\xspace}
\def\Lbar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em\Lambda\kern 0.05em}\kern-0.05em{}\xspace}
\def\Sigbar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \Sigma}{}\xspace}
\def\Xibar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \Xi}{}\xspace}
\def\Obar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em \Omega}{}\xspace}
\def\Nbar{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em N}{}\xspace}
\def\Xb{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em X}{}\xspace}

\def\X {\ensuremath{X}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%% TAU BRANCHING FRACTIONS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\BR         {{\ensuremath{\cal B}\xspace}}
\def\BRtauptoe  {\ensuremath{\BR(\taup \to \ep)}\xspace}
\def\BRtaumtoe  {\ensuremath{\BR(\taum \to \en)}\xspace}
\def\BRtauptomu {\ensuremath{\BR(\taup \to \mup)}\xspace}
\def\BRtaumtomu {\ensuremath{\BR(\taum \to \mun)}\xspace}



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%  LIGHT HADRON DECAYS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\etaprepp}{\ensuremath{\etapr \to \eta \pipi}\xspace}
\newcommand{\etaprrg} {\ensuremath{\etapr \to \rho^0 \g}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  B DECAYS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\bpsiks     {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \KS}\xspace}
\def\bpsikst    {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \Kstar}\xspace}
\def\bpsikl     {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \KL}\xspace}
\def\bpsikzeropi{\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \Kstarz (\to \KL \piz)}\xspace}
\def\bpsikpluspi{\ensuremath{\Bu \to \jpsi \Kstarp (\to \KL \pip)}\xspace}
\def\bpsikpi    {\ensuremath{\Bz/\Bzb \to \jpsi (\to \mumu) \Kpm \pimp}\xspace}
\def\bupsik     {\ensuremath{\Bpm \to \jpsi (\to \mumu) \Kpm}\xspace}
\def\bpsiX      {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \jpsi \X}\xspace}

\def\Bzbtomu    {\ensuremath{\Bzb \to \mu \X}\xspace}
\def\Bzbtox     {\ensuremath{\Bzb \to \X}\xspace}
\def\Bztopipi   {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \pipi}\xspace}
\def\Bztokpi    {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \Kpm \pimp}\xspace}
\def\Bztorhopi  {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \rho^+ \pim}\xspace}
\def\Bztorhorho {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \rho \rho}\xspace}
\def\Bztokrho   {\ensuremath{\Bz \to K \rho}\xspace}
\def\Bztokstpi  {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \Kstar \pi}\xspace}
\def\Bztoapi    {\ensuremath{\Bz \to a_1 \pi}\xspace}
\def\Bztodd     {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \DpDm}\xspace}
\def\Bztodstd   {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \Dstarp \Dm}\xspace}
\def\Bztodstdst {\ensuremath{\Bz \to \Dstarp \Dstarm}\xspace}

\def\BtoDK      {\ensuremath{B \to DK}\xspace}
\def\Btodstlnu  {\ensuremath{B \to \Dstar \ell \nu}\xspace}
\def\Btodstdlnu {\ensuremath{B \to \Dstar(D) \ell \nu}\xspace}
\def\Btorholnu  {\ensuremath{B \to \rho \ell \nu}\xspace}
\def\Btopilnu   {\ensuremath{B \to \pi \ell \nu}\xspace}

\def\Btoetah    {\ensuremath{B \to \eta h}\xspace}
\def\Btoetaph   {\ensuremath{B \to \etapr h}\xspace}

\newcommand{\Betaprks}{\ensuremath{\Bz \to \etapr \KS}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Betaprkz}{\ensuremath{\Bz \to \etapr \Kz}\xspace}

\def\btosgam    {\ensuremath{b \to s \g}\xspace}
\def\btodgam    {\ensuremath{b \to d \g}\xspace}
\def\btosll     {\ensuremath{b \to s \ellell}\xspace}
\def\btosnunu   {\ensuremath{b \to s \nunub}\xspace}
\def\btosgaga   {\ensuremath{b \to s \gaga}\xspace}
\def\btosglue   {\ensuremath{b \to s g}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  Y(4S) DECAYS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\upsbb   {\ensuremath{\FourS \to \BB}\xspace}
\def\upsbzbz {\ensuremath{\FourS \to \BzBzb}\xspace}
\def\upsbpbm {\ensuremath{\FourS \to \BpBm}\xspace}
\def\upspsikl{\ensuremath{\FourS \to (\bpsikl) (\Bzbtox)}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  TAU DECAYS   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\tauptoe    {\ensuremath{\taup \to \ep \nunub}\xspace}
\def\taumtoe    {\ensuremath{\taum \to \en \nunub}\xspace}
\def\tauptomu   {\ensuremath{\taup \to \mup \nunub}\xspace}
\def\taumtomu   {\ensuremath{\taum \to \mun \nunub}\xspace}
\def\tauptopi   {\ensuremath{\taup \to \pip \nub}\xspace}
\def\taumtopi   {\ensuremath{\taum \to \pim \nu}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% GAMMA-GAMMA REACTIONS %%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\ggtopi     {\ensuremath{\gaga \to \pipi}\xspace}
\def\ggtopiz    {\ensuremath{\gaga \to \ppz}\xspace}
\def\ggstox     {\ensuremath{\ggstar \to \X(1420) \to \kaon \kaon \pi}\xspace}
\def\ggstoeta   {\ensuremath{\ggstar \to \eta(550) \to \pipi \piz}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   KINEMATICS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\ptot       {\mbox{$p$}\xspace}
%\def\pxy        {\mbox{$p_{\rm t}$}
\def\pxy        {\mbox{$p_T$}\xspace}
%\def\pt         {\mbox{$p_{\rm t}$}\xspace}
\def\pt         {\mbox{$p_T$}\xspace}
\def\mes        {\mbox{$m_{\rm ES}$}\xspace}
\def\mec        {\mbox{$m_{\rm EC}$}\xspace}
\def\DeltaE     {\mbox{$\Delta E$}\xspace}

\def\pbcm {\ensuremath{p^*_{\Bz}}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   GEOMETRY    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\mphi       {\mbox{$\phi$}\xspace}
\def\mtheta     {\mbox{$\theta$}\xspace}
\def\ctheta     {\mbox{$\cos\theta$}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%% ENERGY AND MOMENTUM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\tev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\kev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,ke\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ev}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{\,e\kern -0.1em V}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gevc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mevc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gevcc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\mevcc}{\ensuremath{{\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2}}\xspace}
%\def\ev   {\ensuremath{\rm \,e\kern -0.08em V}}
%\def\kev  {\ensuremath{\rm \,ke\kern -0.08em V}} 
%\def\mev  {\ensuremath{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V}} 
%\def\gev  {\ensuremath{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V}} 
%\def\gevc {\ensuremath{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V\!/c}} 
%\def\gevc {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V\!/}c}} 
%\def\tev  {\ensuremath{\rm \,Te\kern -0.08em V}}
%\def\mevc {\ensuremath{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V\!/c}} 
%\def\mevc {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V\!/}c}} 
%\def\gevcc{\ensuremath{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V\!/c^2}} 
%\def\mevcc{\ensuremath{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V\!/c^2}} 
%\def\gevcc{\ensuremath{{\rm \,Ge\kern -0.08em V\!/}c^2}} 
%\def\mevcc{\ensuremath{{\rm \,Me\kern -0.08em V\!/}c^2}} 


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%% DISTANCE AND AREA %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\syin {\ensuremath{^{\prime\prime}}\xspace}
\def\inch   {\ensuremath{\rm \,in}\xspace} % \in is taken
\def\ft   {\ensuremath{\rm \,ft}\xspace}
\def\km   {\ensuremath{\rm \,km}\xspace}
\def\m    {\ensuremath{\rm \,m}\xspace}
\def\cm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,cm}\xspace}
\def\cma  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,cm}^2}\xspace}
\def\mm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,mm}\xspace}
\def\mma  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,mm}^2}\xspace}
%\def\mum  {\ensuremath{\rm \,\mum}\xspace}
\def\mum  {\ensuremath{\,\mu\rm m}\xspace}%% mu meter 
%\def\muma {\ensuremath{\rm \,\mum}^2\xspace}
\def\muma       {\ensuremath{\,\mu\rm m^2}\xspace}
\def\nm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,nm}\xspace}
\def\fm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,fm}\xspace}
\def\nm         {\ensuremath{\rm \,nm}\xspace}   %% nanometer
\def\nb         {\ensuremath{\rm \,nb}\xspace}
%
\def\barn{\ensuremath{\rm \,b}\xspace}
\def\barnhyph{\ensuremath{\rm -b}\xspace}
\def\mbarn{\ensuremath{\rm \,mb}\xspace}
\def\mbarnhyph{\ensuremath{\rm -mb}\xspace}
\def\pb {\ensuremath{\rm \,pb}\xspace}
\def\invpb {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,pb}^{-1}}\xspace}
\def\fb   {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,fb}}\xspace}
\def\invfb   {\ensuremath{\mbox{\,fb}^{-1}}\xspace}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%% TIME AND MASS  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\mus  {\ensuremath{\rm \,\mus}\xspace}
\def\ns   {\ensuremath{\rm \,ns}\xspace}
\def\ps   {\ensuremath{\rm \,ps}\xspace}
\def\fs   {\ensuremath{\rm \,fs}\xspace}
\def\gm   {\ensuremath{\rm \,g}\xspace}

%%\def\s{\ensuremath{\rm {\,s}}} %% second - this displays nothing  - why?
\def\sec{\ensuremath{\rm {\,s}}\xspace}       %% second - this works - jw 4/19
\def\ms         {\ensuremath{{\rm \,ms}}\xspace}     %% millisecond
\def\mus        {\ensuremath{\,\mu{\rm s}}\xspace}    %% microsecond
\def\ns         {\ensuremath{{\rm \,ns}}\xspace}      %% nanosecond
\def\ps         {\ensuremath{{\rm \,ps}}\xspace}  %% picosecond


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%   MISCELLANEOUS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\Xrad {\ensuremath{X_0}\xspace}
\def\NIL{\ensuremath{\lambda_{int}}\xspace}
\let\dgr\degrees


%\def\m          {\ensuremath{\rm \,m}}    %% meter
%\def\ma         {\ensuremath{\rm \,m}^2}  %% meter squared
%\def\cm         {\ensuremath{\rm \,cm}}   %% centimeter
%\def\cma        {\ensuremath{\rm \,cm}^2} %% centimeter squared
\def\cms         {\ensuremath{{\rm \,cm}^{-2} {\rm s}^{-1}}\xspace}
%\def\mm         {\ensuremath{\rm \,mm}}   %% millimeter
%\def\mma        {\ensuremath{\rm \,mm}^2} %% millimeter squared
%\def\mum        {\ensuremath{\,\mu\rm m}} %% mu meter
%\def\muma       {\ensuremath{\,\mu\rm m^2}}


\def\mic  {\ensuremath{\,\mu{\rm C}}\xspace}
\def\krad {\ensuremath{\rm \,krad}\xspace}
\def\cmc  {\ensuremath{{\rm \,cm}^3}\xspace}
\def\yr   {\ensuremath{\rm \,yr}\xspace}
\def\hr   {\ensuremath{\rm \,hr}\xspace}
\def\degc {\ensuremath{^\circ}{C}\xspace}
\def\degk {\ensuremath {\rm K}\xspace}
\def\degrees{\ensuremath{^{\circ}}\xspace}
\def\mrad{\ensuremath{\rm \,mrad}\xspace}               %% milliradian
\def\rad{\ensuremath{\rm \,rad}\xspace}
\def\mradhyph{\ensuremath{\rm -mr}\xspace}
%
\def\sx    {\ensuremath{\sigma_x}\xspace}    
\def\sy    {\ensuremath{\sigma_y}\xspace}   
\def\sz    {\ensuremath{\sigma_z}\xspace}    

%\renewcommand{\bar}[1]{\overline{#1}}  

% Some more (from Helen)
%\def\O{{\ensuremath{\cal O}}}  !!! This is a predefined LaTeX symbol !!!
\def\order{{\ensuremath{\cal O}}\xspace}
\def\L{{\ensuremath{\cal L}}\xspace}
\def\calL{{\ensuremath{\cal L}}\xspace}
%\def\S{{\ensuremath{\cal S}}}  !!! This is a predefined LaTeX symbol !!!
\def\calS{{\ensuremath{\cal S}}\xspace}
\def\calA{{\ensuremath{\cal A}}\xspace}
\def\calD{{\ensuremath{\cal D}}\xspace}
\def\calR{{\ensuremath{\cal R}}\xspace}

%% Arrows:
\def\ra                 {\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace}
\def\to                 {\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace}


\newcommand{\stat}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{(stat)}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\syst}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{(syst)}}\xspace}


\def\pep2{PEP-II}
\def\BF{$B$ Factory}
\def\abf {asymmetric \BF}
\def\sx    {\ensuremath{\sigma_x}\xspace}     
\def\sy    {\ensuremath{\sigma_y}\xspace}   
\def\sz    {\ensuremath{\sigma_z}\xspace}


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\newcommand{\dedx}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{d}\hspace{-0.1em}E/\mathrm{d}x}\xspace}
\newcommand{\chisq}{\ensuremath{\chi^2}\xspace}
\newcommand{\delm}{\ensuremath{m_{\dstr}-m_{\dz}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\lum} {\ensuremath{\mathcal{L}}\xspace}

\def\gsim{{~\raise.15em\hbox{$>$}\kern-.85em
          \lower.35em\hbox{$\sim$}~}\xspace}
\def\lsim{{~\raise.15em\hbox{$<$}\kern-.85em
          \lower.35em\hbox{$\sim$}~}\xspace}

\def\qsq                {\ensuremath{q^2}\xspace}


% Data processing
\def\kbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbytes}}\xspace}
\def\kbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbytes/s}}\xspace}
\def\kbits      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbits}}\xspace}
\def\kbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,kbits/s}}\xspace}
\def\mbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbits/s}}\xspace}
\def\mbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbytes}}\xspace}
\def\mbps       {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbyte/s}}\xspace}
\def\mbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Mbytes/s}}\xspace}
\def\gbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Gbits/s}}\xspace}
\def\gbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Gbytes}}\xspace}
\def\gbsps      {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Gbytes/s}}\xspace}
\def\tbytes     {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Tbytes}}\xspace}
\def\tbpy       {\ensuremath{{\rm \,Tbytes/yr}}\xspace}
%




% QCD parameters

\newcommand{\as}{\ensuremath{\alpha_{\scriptscriptstyle S}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\MSb}{\ensuremath{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\LMSb}{%
  \ensuremath{\Lambda_{\overline{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm{MS}}}}\xspace
}

% Electroweak parameters

\newcommand{\tw}{\ensuremath{\theta_{\scriptscriptstyle W}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\twb}{%
  \ensuremath{\overline{\theta}_{\scriptscriptstyle W}}\xspace
}
\newcommand{\Afb}[1]{{\ensuremath{A_{\scriptscriptstyle FB}^{#1}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gv}[1]{{\ensuremath{g_{\scriptscriptstyle V}^{#1}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\ga}[1]{{\ensuremath{g_{\scriptscriptstyle A}^{#1}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gvb}[1]{{\ensuremath{\overline{g}_{\scriptscriptstyle V}^{#1}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\gab}[1]{{\ensuremath{\overline{g}_{\scriptscriptstyle A}^{#1}}}\xspace}


% CKM, CP violation

\def\eps{\varepsilon\xspace}
\def\epsK{\varepsilon_K\xspace}
\def\epsB{\varepsilon_B\xspace}
\def\epsp{\varepsilon^\prime_K\xspace}

\def\CP                {\ensuremath{C\!P}\xspace}
%\def\CPT               {\ensuremath{C\!P\!T}\xspace}
\def\CPT               {\ensuremath{C\!PT}\xspace} % Looks better without \!

\def\epstag  {\ensuremath{\varepsilon_{\rm tag}}\xspace}
\def\tagfac  {\ensuremath{\epstag(1-2w)^2}\xspace}

\def\rhobar {\ensuremath{\overline \rho}\xspace}
\def\etabar {\ensuremath{\overline \eta}\xspace}
%\def\paramest {\ensuremath{{\hat A}, {\hat \rho}, {\hat \eta} }}
%\def\ssparamest {\ensuremath{{\hat A}, {\hat {\sin 2 \alpha}}, 
%{\hat {\sin 2 \beta}} }}
\def\meas {\ensuremath{|V_{cb}|, |\frac{V_{ub}}{V_{cb}}|, 
|\varepsilon_K|, \Delta m_{B_d}}\xspace}

\def\Vud  {\ensuremath{|V_{ud}|}\xspace}
\def\Vcd  {\ensuremath{|V_{cd}|}\xspace}
\def\Vtd  {\ensuremath{|V_{td}|}\xspace}
\def\Vus  {\ensuremath{|V_{us}|}\xspace}
\def\Vcs  {\ensuremath{|V_{cs}|}\xspace}
\def\Vts  {\ensuremath{|V_{ts}|}\xspace}
\def\Vub  {\ensuremath{|V_{ub}|}\xspace}
\def\Vcb  {\ensuremath{|V_{cb}|}\xspace}
\def\Vtb  {\ensuremath{|V_{tb}|}\xspace}

%\def\sa{${\sin\! 2 \alpha  }$\xspace}
%\def\sb{${\sin\! 2 \beta   }$\xspace}
%\def\sg{${\sin\! 2 \gamma  }$\xspace}

% added by Gautier for tagging, tagmix, and sin2beta
\def\stwoa{\ensuremath{\sin\! 2 \alpha  }\xspace}
\def\stwob{\ensuremath{\sin\! 2 \beta   }\xspace}
\def\stwog{\ensuremath{\sin\! 2 \gamma  }\xspace}
\def\mistag{\ensuremath{w}\xspace}
\def\dilution{\ensuremath{\cal D}\xspace}
\def\deltaz{\ensuremath{{\rm \Delta}z}\xspace}
\def\deltat{\ensuremath{{\rm \Delta}t}\xspace}
\def\deltamd{\ensuremath{{\rm \Delta}m_d}\xspace}

\newcommand{\fsubd}{\ensuremath{f_D}}\xspace
\newcommand{\fds}{\ensuremath{f_{D_s}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\fsubb}{\ensuremath{f_B}\xspace}
\newcommand{\fbd}{\ensuremath{f_{B_d}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\fbs}{\ensuremath{f_{B_s}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\bsubb}{\ensuremath{B_B}\xspace}
\newcommand{\bbd}{\ensuremath{B_{B_d}}\xspace}
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% Journal References

% These bases are useful for ``submitted to'' when no volume is needed
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\newcommand{\jprlBase}       {Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\xspace}
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\newcommand{\jplBase}        {Phys.\ Lett.\xspace}
\newcommand{\nimBaseA}       {Nucl.\ Instr.\ Meth.\xspace}
\newcommand{\nimBaseB}       {Nucl.\ Instr.\ and Meth.\xspace}
\newcommand{\nimBaseC}       {Nucl.\ Instr.\ and Methods\xspace}
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\newcommand{\npBase}         {Nucl.\ Phys.\xspace}
\newcommand{\zpBase}         {Z.\ Phys.\xspace}


\newcommand{\apas}      [1]  {{Acta Phys.\ Austr.\ Suppl.\ {\bf #1}}}
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\newcommand{\ace}       [1]  {{Adv.\ Cry.\ Eng.\ {\bf #1}}}
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\newcommand{\japj}      [1]  {{Astro.\ Phys.\ J.\ {\bf #1}}}
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%\newcommand{\josa}      [1]  {{J.\ Opt.\ Soc.\ Am.\ {\bf #1}}}
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\newcommand{\optl}      [1]  {{Opt.\ Lett.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\optcom}    [1]  {{Opt.\ Commun.\ {\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\partacc}   [1]  {{Particle Acclerators~{\bf #1}}}
\newcommand{\pan}       [1]  {{Phys.\ Atom.\ Nuclei~{\bf #1}}}
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\newcommand{\ptoday}    [1]  {{Physics Today~{\bf #1}}}

%\newcommand{\jpl}       [1]  {{Phys.\ Lett.\ {\bf #1}}}      % dbm
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\newcommand{\jrmp}      [1]  {{Rev.\ Mod.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}  % dbm
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\newcommand{\sjnp}      [1]  {{Sov.\ J.\ Nucl.\ Phys.\ {\bf #1}}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SOFTWARE PACKAGES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\aslund     {\mbox{\tt Aslund}\xspace}
\def\bbsim      {\mbox{\tt BBsim}\xspace}
\def\beast      {\mbox{\tt Beast}\xspace}
\def\beget      {\mbox{\tt Beget}\xspace}
\def\Bta        {\mbox{\tt Beta}\xspace}
\def\betakfit   {\mbox{\tt BetaKfit}\xspace}
\def\cornelius  {\mbox{\tt Cornelius}\xspace}
\def\evtgen     {\mbox{\tt EvtGen}\xspace}
\def\euclid     {\mbox{\tt Euclid}\xspace}
\def\fitver     {\mbox{\tt FitVer}\xspace}
\def\fluka      {\mbox{\tt Fluka}\xspace}
\def\fortran    {\mbox{\tt Fortran}\xspace}
\def\gcalor     {\mbox{\tt GCalor}\xspace}
\def\geant      {\mbox{\tt GEANT}\xspace}
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\def\hemicosm   {\mbox{\tt HemiCosm}\xspace}
\def\hepevt     {\mbox{\tt{/HepEvt/}}\xspace}
\def\jetset74   {\mbox{\tt Jetset \hspace{-0.5em}7.\hspace{-0.2em}4}\xspace}
%\def\jetset     {\mbox{\tt Jetset \hspace{-0.5em}7.\hspace{-0.2em}4}}
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\def\minuit     {\mbox{\tt Minuit}\xspace}
\def\objegs     {\mbox{\tt Objegs}\xspace}
\def\paw        {\mbox{\tt Paw}\xspace}
\def\Root       {\mbox{\tt Root}\xspace}
\def\squaw      {\mbox{\tt Squaw}\xspace}
\def\stdhep     {\mbox{\tt StdHep}\xspace}
\def\trackerr   {\mbox{\tt TrackErr}\xspace}
\def\turtle     {\mbox{\tt Decay~Turtle}\xspace}

%%% Local Variables: 
%%% mode: plain-tex
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% End: 

gershon_sub.tex
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{epsfig,graphicx}
\usepackage{fpcp04}



\hoffset=-5mm
\voffset=0mm



\input fpcp04-macro

\newcommand{\model}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{(model)}}\xspace}

\begin{document}


\Title{
  Hot Topics from Belle
}
\bigskip

\label{GershonStart}

\author{
  Tim Gershon
  \index{Gershon, T.} 
}

\address{
  KEK, \\
  Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan \\
}

\makeauthor
\abstracts{
  The most precise current determination 
  of the Unitarity Triangle angle $\phi_3$ is presented.
  It is obtained using the decay $B^+ \to D^{(*)} K^+$,
  with Dalitz plot analysis of the subsequent $D \to K_S \pi^+\pi^-$ decay.
  The result is 
  $\phi_3 = 68^\circ \,^{+14^\circ}_{-15^\circ} \stat \pm 13^\circ \syst \pm 11^\circ \model$.  
}


\section{Introduction}

The year 2004 has seen a great number of important new results from Belle.
Studies of time-dependent asymmetries in $B \to \pi^+\pi^-$
revealed the second observation of $CP$ violation,
and the first evidence for direct $CP$ violation, 
in the $B$ system~\cite{bevan}.
More recently, further evidence for direct $CP$ violation has been found
in $B \to K^-\pi^+$ decays; this effect is also seen by BaBar~\cite{graziani}.
The decay $B \to \pi^0\pi^0$ is now observed with more than 5$\sigma$~\cite{belle_pi0pi0},
and evidence for $B \to \rho^0\pi^0$ has been seen~\cite{belle_rho0pi0}.
Studies of new particles observed at Belle have stimulated
theoretical interest~\cite{skchoi},
and further excitement has been aroused by new results on the
time-dependent asymmetries in $b \to s$ penguin transitions~\cite{belle:btos};
new results on $B \to K_S K_S K_S$ and $B \to K_S \pi^0 \gamma$ 
were shown for the first time in FPCP2004~\cite{hazumi}.
To complete this brief selection of 
the many other new results from Belle~\cite{belle_conf},
the first studies of the forward-backward asymmetry in $B \to K^* l^+l^-$
have been performed~\cite{yjkwon}.

This plethora of new results is made possible by the excellent 
performance of the KEKB accelerator.
KEKB is an asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ ($3.5 \ {\rm GeV}$ on $8 \ {\rm GeV}$) 
collider~\cite{kekb}, operating at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance 
($\sqrt{s}=10.58 \ {\rm GeV}$) with a peak luminosity that exceeds
$1.3 \times 10^{34}~{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$.
At the time of FPCP2004, the total integrated luminosity was
approaching $300 \ {\rm fb}^{-1}$ 
(at the time of writing it is approaching $330 \ {\rm fb}^{-1}$),
however the results presented here use the data sample of 
$253 \ {\rm fb}^{-1}$ accumulated by summer 2004, 
corresponding to approximately $275 \times 10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs.

The Belle detector is a large-solid-angle magnetic spectrometer that
consists of a three-layer silicon vertex detector (SVD),
a 50-layer central drift chamber (CDC), 
an array of aerogel threshold \v{C}erenkov counters (ACC), 
a barrel-like arrangement of time-of-flight scintillation counters (TOF), 
and an electromagnetic calorimeter comprised of CsI(Tl) crystals (ECL) 
located inside a superconducting solenoid coil that provides a 
$1.5 \ {\rm T}$ magnetic field.  
An iron flux-return located outside of the coil is instrumented 
to detect $K_L^0$ mesons and to identify muons (KLM).  
The detector is described in detail elsewhere~\cite{belle}.
Two different inner detector configurations were used. 
For the first sample of 152 million $B\bar{B}$ pairs, 
a 2.0 cm radius beampipe and a 3-layer silicon vertex detector were used;
for the latter 123 million $B\bar{B}$ pairs,
a 1.5 cm radius beampipe, a 4-layer silicon detector
and a small-cell inner drift chamber were used~\cite{ushiroda}.

\section{Principles of $\phi_3$ Extraction from $B^+ \to D^{(*)} K^+$}

The main objective of the $B$ factories is 
to make precise measurements of the elements of the 
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix~\cite{ckm},
As is well known, the unitarity of the CKM matrix 
results in the expression
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:cp_uta:ut}
  V_{ud}V_{ub}^* + V_{cd}V_{cb}^* + V_{td}V_{tb}^* = 0,
\end{equation}
which can be represented as a triangle in the complex plane
(the so-called Unitarity Triangle).
Two popular (and various other less popular) sets of names 
for the angles of this triangle are used,
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:cp_uta:abc}
  \phi_1 \equiv \beta = \arg\left[ - \frac{V_{cd}V_{cb}^*}{V_{td}V_{tb}^*} \right],
  \hspace{0.5cm}
  \phi_2 \equiv \alpha = \arg\left[ - \frac{V_{td}V_{tb}^*}{V_{ud}V_{ub}^*} \right],
  \hspace{0.5cm}
  \phi_3 \equiv \gamma = \arg\left[ - \frac{V_{ud}V_{ub}^*}{V_{cd}V_{cb}^*} \right].
\end{equation}

It has long been known that decays of the type $B \to DK$
are sensitive to $\phi_3$~\cite{bigisanda},
and various methods using different final states of the neutral $D$ meson
have been proposed~\cite{phi3_methods}.
These are based on two key observations:
neutral $D^0$ and $\bar{D}^0$ mesons can decay to a common final state, 
and the decay $B^+ \to D^{(*)} K^+$ can produce neutral $D$ mesons 
of both flavours
via $\bar{b} \to \bar{c}u\bar{s}$ and $\bar{b} \to \bar{u}c\bar{s}$ transitions,
with a relative phase $\theta_+$ that depends on 
both strong and weak phase differences between the two amplitudes,
$\theta_+ = \delta + \phi_3$.
For the charge conjugate mode, the relative phase is $\theta_- = \delta - \phi_3$. 
The size of possible $CP$ violation effects depends on the 
ratio of the magnitudes of the interfering amplitudes, which we denote by $r$.

Recently, three body final states common to $D^0$ and $\bar{D}^0$, 
such as $K_S\pi^+\pi^-$~\cite{ggsz}, 
were suggested as promising modes for the extraction of $\phi_3$. 
The principle of the technique is as follows
(for more details see~\cite{zupan}).
We define the amplitude for $\bar{D}^0 \to K_S\pi^+\pi^-$ 
at a point on the Dalitz plot given by $(m_+^2,m_-^2)$ to be $f(m_+^2,m_-^2)$,
where $m_+^2$ and $m_-^2$ are the squared invariant masses of 
$K_S \pi^+$ and $K_S \pi^-$, respectively.
Assuming $CP$ invariance in $D$ meson decay,
the corresponding amplitude for $D^0$ decay is then $f(m_-^2,m_+^2)$.
The amplitude for $B^+ \to DK^+$ can then be written as 
$f(m_+^2,m_-^2) + r e^{i( \delta + \phi_3 )} f(m_-^2,m_+^2)$,
while that for $B^- \to DK^-$ is 
$f(m_-^2,m_+^2) + r e^{i( \delta - \phi_3 )} f(m_+^2,m_-^2)$.
Thus, once the $D$ decay model $f$ is fixed,
the values of $r$, $\phi_3$ and $\delta$ can be determined by 
simultaneously fitting data from $B^+$ and $B^-$ decays.

The same arguments also apply to similar decays such as $B^+ \to D^* K^+$.
Some care must be taken, 
since for each $B$ decay mode the values of $r$ and $\delta$ can be different.
It has recently been pointed out that for $B^+ \to D^* K^+$ 
there is an effective shift of $\pi$ in the value of $\delta$ 
between the cases that the decays 
$D^* \to D\pi^0$ and $D^* \to D\gamma$ are used~\cite{bg}.

The $D$ decay distribution can be measured at $B$ factories
using the large samples of flavour tagged $D$ mesons produced 
in $D^+ \to D^0 \pi^+$ (and charge conjugate) decays 
following continuum $e^+e^- \to c\bar{c}$ reactions.
However only $\left| f(m_+^2,m_-^2) \right|^2$ can be measured 
resulting in some uncertainty due to 
the model assumed to describe the phase variation across the Dalitz plot.

This technique was first implemented by Belle,
using a $140 \ {\rm fb}^{-1}$ data sample, to obtain
$\phi_3 = 77^\circ\;^{+17^\circ}_{-19^\circ} \stat \pm 13^\circ \syst \pm 11^\circ \model$~\cite{belle_phi3}.
Recently the same method has been used by BaBar, 
with a data sample of $211 \times 10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs, to obtain  
$\phi_3 = 88^\circ \pm 41^\circ \stat \pm 19^\circ \syst \pm 11^\circ \model$~\cite{babar_phi3}.

The results presented below are preliminary updates of the previous 
Belle analysis. More details can be found in~\cite{belle_new}.

\section{Dalitz analysis}

\subsection{Extraction of $D$ Decay Model}

We select candidates for the $D \to K_S \pi^+\pi^-$ decay,
and combine with slow charged pions ($\pi_s^\pm$) to make $D^{*\pm}$ candidates.
We require $D^{*\pm}$ candidates to have momenta above 
$2.7 \ {\rm GeV}/c^2$ in the centre of mass (cm) frame 
to reject background from $B$ decay.
We fit the mass difference $\Delta M = M_{K_S \pi^+\pi^- \pi_s^\pm} - M_{K_S \pi^+\pi^-}$
to obtain signal and background fractions, 
and then require $144.6 \ {\rm MeV}/c^2 < \Delta M < 146.4 \ {\rm MeV}/c^2$. 
The distribution of background events across the Dalitz plot
is obtained from a sideband region of $\Delta M$.
We then fit the candidates to a model including 
the components listed in Table.~\ref{tab:model},
with efficiency, resolution and background taken into account.
The result of the fit is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:model}.
The $\chi^2/{\rm ndf}$ of the fit is $2543/1106$, 
however fine tuning the model has little effect on $\phi_3$
and possible discrepancies are taken into account in the model uncertainty.

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \begin{center}
    \epsfig{width=0.25\textwidth,file=pic_ds2dpi_ds2dpi_plot}    
    \epsfig{width=0.23\textwidth,file=pic_ds2dpi_fit_mkm}
    \epsfig{width=0.23\textwidth,file=pic_ds2dpi_fit_mkp}
    \epsfig{width=0.23\textwidth,file=pic_ds2dpi_fit_mpp}
    \caption{
      From left to right:
      Dalitz plot distribution of tagged $D$ decays;
      projections onto the $m_-^2$, $m_+^2$ and $m_{\pi^+\pi^-}^2$ variables.
    }
    \label{fig:model}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[htbp]
  \begin{center}
    \scalebox{0.88}{
    \begin{tabular}{|l|ccc|} 
      \hline
      Resonance & Amplitude & Phase  ($^{\circ}$) & Fraction \\
      \hline
$K_S \sigma_1$               & $1.57   \pm 0.10  $ & $214\pm 4$  & 9.8\%   \\
$K_S \rho^0$               & $1.0$ (fixed)     & 0 (fixed) & 21.6\%  \\
$K_S \omega$                 & $0.0310 \pm 0.0010$ & $113.4 \pm 1.9$ &  0.4\% \\
$K_S f_0(980)$          & $0.394  \pm 0.006 $ & $207\pm 3$      &  4.9\% \\
$K_S \sigma_2$               & $0.23   \pm 0.03  $ & $210\pm 13$     &  0.6\% \\
$K_S f_2(1270)$         & $1.32   \pm 0.04  $ & $348\pm 2$      &  1.5\% \\
$K_S f_0(1370)$         & $1.25   \pm 0.10  $ & $69\pm 8$       &  1.1\% \\
$K_S \rho^0(1450)$         & $0.89   \pm 0.07  $ & $1\pm 6$        &  0.4\% \\
$K^*(892)^+ \pi^-$        & $1.621  \pm 0.010 $ & $131.7\pm 0.5$  & 61.2\% \\
$K^*(892)^- \pi^+$        & $0.154  \pm 0.005 $ & $317.7\pm 1.6$  &  0.55\% \\
$K^*(1410)^+ \pi^-$       & $0.22   \pm 0.04  $ & $120\pm 14$     &  0.05\% \\
$K^*(1410)^- \pi^+$       & $0.35   \pm 0.04  $ & $253\pm 6$      &  0.14\% \\
$K_0^*(1430)^+ \pi^-$     & $2.15   \pm 0.04  $ & $348.7\pm 1.1$  &  7.4\%  \\
$K_0^*(1430)^- \pi^+$     & $0.52   \pm 0.04  $ & $89\pm 4$       &  0.43\% \\
$K_2^*(1430)^+ \pi^-$     & $1.11   \pm 0.03  $ & $320.5\pm 1.8$  &  2.2\%  \\
$K_2^*(1430)^- \pi^+$     & $0.23   \pm 0.02  $ & $263\pm 7$      &  0.09\% \\
$K^*(1680)^+ \pi^-$       & $2.34   \pm 0.26  $ & $110\pm 5$      &  0.36\% \\
$K^*(1680)^- \pi^+$       & $1.3    \pm 0.2   $ & $87\pm 11$      &  0.11\% \\
nonresonant             & $3.8    \pm 0.3   $ & $157\pm 4$      &  9.7\%  \\
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
    }
    \caption{
      Results of the fit to determine the $D$ decay model.
    }
    \label{tab:model}
  \end{center}    
\end{table}

\subsection{Selection of $B$ Decay Candidates}

We reconstruct neutral $D$ mesons in the $D \to K_S \pi^+\pi^-$ mode,
and $D^*$ mesons by making combinations with $\pi^0$ candidates.
We then combine these with prompt tracks,
which are selected as kaon candidates
on the basis of information from the CDC, TOF and ACC systems.
The selection of $B$ candidates is based on the CM energy difference
$\Delta E = \sum E_i - E_{\rm beam}$ and the beam-constrained $B$ meson mass
$M_{\rm bc} = \sqrt{E_{\rm beam}^2 - (\sum p_i)^2}$, 
where $E_{\rm beam}$ is the CM beam energy, 
and $E_i$ and $p_i$ are the CM energies and momenta of the
$B$ candidate decay products. 
The requirements for signal candidates are 
$5.272 \ {\rm GeV}/c^2 < M_{\rm bc} < 5.288 \ {\rm GeV}/c^2$ and 
$|\Delta E| < 0.022 \ {\rm GeV}$.
The signal and background fractions are obtained from binned fits to
the $\Delta E$ distributions, which are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:de}.
The signal is modelled with a Gaussian,
an additional Gaussian is used to describe the background from
$B^\pm \to D^{(*)} \pi^\pm$ with the prompt pion misidentified as a kaon,
that peaks at $\Delta E \sim 50 \ {\rm MeV}$.
The remaining background is modelled by a linear function.
For $B^\pm \to DK^\pm$ the selection efficiency is $11\%$,
there are 276 candidates satisfying all selection criteria of
which $209 \pm 16$ are found to be signal events.
For $B^\pm \to D^*K^\pm$ the selection efficiency is $6.2\%$,
there are 69 candidates satisfying all selection criteria of
which $58\pm 8$ are found to be signal events.
The Dalitz plot distributions of candidate events 
are also shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:de}.
The Dalitz plot distributions of the different background sources
are obtained using sideband regions in data or Monte Carlo simulation.

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \begin{center}
    \epsfig{width=0.33\textwidth,file=pic_b2dk_b2dk_de.eps} 
    \hspace{0.15\textwidth}
    \epsfig{width=0.33\textwidth,file=pic_b2dsk_b2dsk_de.eps} \\
    \epsfig{width=0.24\textwidth,file=pic_b2dk_b2dk_plot_p.eps} 
    \epsfig{width=0.24\textwidth,file=pic_b2dk_b2dk_plot_m.eps} 
    \epsfig{width=0.24\textwidth,file=pic_b2dsk_b2dsk_plot_p.eps} 
    \epsfig{width=0.24\textwidth,file=pic_b2dsk_b2dsk_plot_m.eps}     
    \caption{
      (Top)
      $\Delta E$ distributions and fit results for 
      (left) $B^\pm \to DK^\pm$ and (right) $B^\pm \to D^*K^\pm$ candidates.
      (Bottom) 
      Dalitz plots for (from left to right)
      $B^+ \to DK^+$, $B^- \to DK^-$, 
      $B^+ \to D^*K^+$ and $B^- \to D^*K^-$ candidates.
      The axes are exchanged between $B^+$ and $B^-$ candidates
      so that $CP$ violation effects appear as differences between
      the $B^+$ and $B^-$ distributions.
    }
    \label{fig:de}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Extraction of $\phi_3$}

In order to test the analysis procedure, 
we use control samples of $B^\pm \to D^{(*)}\pi^\pm$;
these have similar topology and phenomenology to our signal,
but in this case the ratio of amplitudes is expected to be small ($r \sim 0.01$).
We obtain results which are consistent with expectation,
and take possible discrepancies into account in the systematic error.

We then perform unbinned maximum likelihood fits to the
$B^\pm \to D^{(*)}K^\pm$ samples.
In order to extract the three free parameters $\phi_3$, $r$ and $\delta$,
we fit the $B^+$ and $B^-$ samples simultaneously.
However, to display the result, as in Fig.~\ref{fig:results}, 
we show likelihood contours
in $({\rm Re}(re^{i\theta_\pm}), {\rm Im}(re^{i\theta_\pm}))$,
that are obtained separately for $B^+$ and $B^-$.
$CP$ violation is seen as a difference between the $B^+$ and $B^-$ contours.

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \begin{center}
    \epsfig{width=0.23\textwidth,file=plot_b2dk.eps} 
    \epsfig{width=0.23\textwidth,file=pic_b2dk_b2dk_rfcl_neum.eps}
    \hspace{0.05\textwidth}
    \epsfig{width=0.23\textwidth,file=plot_b2dsk.eps} 
    \epsfig{width=0.23\textwidth,file=pic_b2dsk_b2dsk_rfcl_neum.eps}     
    \caption{
      Likelihood contours for
      (left) $B^\pm \to DK^\pm$ and (right) $B^\pm \to D^*K^\pm$ candidates.
      In each pair, the leftmost plot is the result of the unbinned fit,
      and the rightmost is the outcome of the frequentist treatment,
      as described in the text.
    }
    \label{fig:results}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

Since the value of $r$ is positive definite,
and the uncertainty on $\phi_3$ depends on $r$,
we do not rely on the errors obtained from the 
likelihood curves~\cite{fit_results}, 
but instead use a frequentist approach to obtain confidence regions,
which are also shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:results}.
The results for $B^\pm \to DK^\pm$ are 
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_3 & = & 64^\circ \pm 19^\circ \stat \pm 13^\circ \syst \pm 11^\circ \model, \nonumber \\
  r   & = & 0.21 \pm 0.08 \stat \pm 0.03 \syst \pm 0.04 \model, \\
  \delta   & = & 157^\circ \pm 19^\circ \stat \pm 11^\circ \syst \pm 21^\circ \model, \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
which correspond to $r > 0$ at $99.3\% \ {\rm CL}$ 
and $CP$ violation at $94\% \ {\rm CL}$.
The results for $B^\pm \to D^*K^\pm$ are
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_3 & = & 75^\circ \pm 57^\circ \stat \pm 11^\circ \syst \pm 11^\circ \model, \nonumber \\
  r   & = & 0.12 \,^{+0.16}_{-0.11} \stat \pm 0.02 \syst \pm 0.04 \model, \\
  \delta   & = & 321^\circ \pm 57^\circ \stat \pm 11^\circ \syst \pm 21^\circ \model, \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
 which correspond to $r > 0$ at $56\% \ {\rm CL}$
and $CP$ violation at $38\% \ {\rm CL}$.
The dominant systematic uncertainty is due to possible fit bias
(note again that more details can be found in~\cite{belle_new}).

To combine the results from both modes
we use a frequentist approach with Feldman-Cousins ordering 
and obtain
\begin{equation}
  \phi_3 = 68^\circ \,^{+14^\circ}_{-15^\circ} \stat \pm 13^\circ \syst \pm 11^\circ \model,
\end{equation}
which corresponds to $CP$ violation at $98\% \ {\rm CL}$.
The two standard deviation interval 
including systematic and model uncertainties is $22^\circ < \phi_3 < 113^\circ$.

\section{Summary}

The most precise measurement of $\phi_3$ is presented.
The value is consistent with the previous measurements 
from Belle~\cite{belle_phi3} and BaBar~\cite{babar_phi3}.
We obtain a significantly smaller statistical error than BaBar
due to the larger value of $r$ obtained
(there is, however, no significant discrepancy in the values of $r$
obtained from these and other measurements~\cite{exp_ads}).



\section*{Acknowledgements}

The author thanks the organizers for a highly enjoyable conference.
The author is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

\begin{thebibliography}{99}

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  A.~Giri, Yu.~Grossman, A.~Soffer, J.~Zupan, 
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\bibitem{zupan}
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  B.~Aubert {\it et al.} (BABAR Collaboration),
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\bibitem{belle_new}
  K.~Abe {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
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\bibitem{fit_results}
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  the results of the fit to $B^\pm \to D^*K^\pm$ candidates are
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\bibitem{exp_ads}
  K.~Abe {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
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\end{thebibliography}

\label{GershonEnd}

\end{document}

hep-ex0412001.extracted_bib
\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{bevan}
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\bibitem{graziani}
  G.~Graziani, these proceedings.
  Y.~Chao {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
  Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 93}, 191802 (2004).
\bibitem{belle_pi0pi0}
  K.~Abe {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
  BELLE-CONF-0406 (hep-ex/0408101).
\bibitem{belle_rho0pi0}
  J.~Dragic, T.~Gershon {\it et al} (Belle Collaboration), 
  Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 93}, 131802 (2004).
\bibitem{skchoi}
  S.K.~Choi, these proceedings.
\bibitem{belle:btos}
  K.~Abe {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
  BELLE-CONF-0435 (hep-ex/0409049).
\bibitem{hazumi}
  M.~Hazumi, these proceedings.
  K.~Abe {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
  BELLE-CONF-0475 (hep-ex/0411056).
\bibitem{belle_conf}
  Please see http://belle.kek.jp/conferences/ICHEP2004/ 
  for a complete list.
\bibitem{yjkwon}
  Y.J.~Kwon, these proceedings.
  K.~Abe {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
  BELLE-CONF-0415 (hep-ex/0410006).
\bibitem{kekb}
  S.~Kurokawa and E.~Kikutani, 
  Nucl. Instr. and. Meth. A {\bf 499}, 1 (2003),
  and other papers included in this volume.
\bibitem{belle}
  A.~Abashian {\it et al.} (Belle collaboration), 
  Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A {\bf 479}, 117 (2002).
\bibitem{ushiroda} 
  Y.~Ushiroda (Belle SVD2 Group), 
  Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A {\bf 511}, 6 (2003).
\bibitem{ckm}
  M.~Kobayashi and T.~Maskawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. {\bf 49}, 652 (1973); 
  N.~Cabibbo, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 10}, 531 (1963).
\bibitem{bigisanda}
  I.I.~Bigi and A.I.~Sanda, Phys. Lett. B {\bf 211}, 213 (1988).
\bibitem{phi3_methods}
  M.~Gronau and D.~London, Phys. Lett. B {\bf 253}, 483 (1991);
  M.~Gronau and D.~Wyler, Phys. Lett. B {\bf 265}, 172 (1991).
  I.~Dunietz, Phys. Lett. {\bf B270}, 75 (1991).
  D.~Atwood, G.~Eilam, M.~Gronau and A.~Soni, 
  Phys. Lett. B {\bf 341}, 372 (1995).
  D.~Atwood, I.~Dunietz and A.~Soni, 
  Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 78}, 3257 (1997);
  Phys. Rev. D {\bf 63}, 036005 (2001).
\bibitem{ggsz}
  A.~Giri, Yu.~Grossman, A.~Soffer, J.~Zupan, 
  Phys. Rev. D {\bf 68}, 054018 (2003).\\
  This technique was proposed independently in the Belle Collaboration, 
  and the analysis of experimental data was under way before the 
  A.~Giri {\it et al.} publication appeared
  (Proceedings of BINP Special Analysis Meeting on Dalitz Analysis, 
  24-26 Sep. 2002, unpublished). 
\bibitem{zupan}
  J.~Zupan, these proceedings.
\bibitem{bg}
  A.~Bondar and T.~Gershon,
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\bibitem{belle_phi3}
  A.~Poluektov {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
  Phys. Rev. D {\bf 70}, 072003 (2004).
\bibitem{babar_phi3}
  B.~Aubert {\it et al.} (BABAR Collaboration),
  BABAR-CONF-04/043 (hep-ex/0408088);
  See also D.~Lange, these proceedings.
\bibitem{belle_new}
  K.~Abe {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
  BELLE-CONF-0476 (hep-ex/0411049).
\bibitem{fit_results}
  The results of the fit to $B^\pm \to DK^\pm$ candidates are
  $r = 0.247 \pm 0.071$, $\phi_3 = 63.7^\circ \pm 15.2^\circ$ and $\delta = 156.6^\circ \pm 15.6^\circ$;
  the results of the fit to $B^\pm \to D^*K^\pm$ candidates are
  $r = 0.254 \pm 0.116$, $\phi_3 = 74.9^\circ \pm 25.2^\circ$ and $\delta = 321.3^\circ \pm 25.0^\circ$.
\bibitem{exp_ads}
  K.~Abe {\it et al.} (Belle Collaboration), 
  BELLE-CONF-0444 (hep-ex/0408129);
  B.~Aubert {\it et al.} (BABAR Collaboration),
  BABAR-CONF-04/013 (hep-ex/0408028);
  

\end{thebibliography}