diff --git "a/text_extractions/NFPA 25, 2011 Edition.pdf.txt" "b/text_extractions/NFPA 25, 2011 Edition.pdf.txt" deleted file mode 100644--- "a/text_extractions/NFPA 25, 2011 Edition.pdf.txt" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12530 +0,0 @@ -NFPA -® - 25 - -Standard for the -Inspection, Testing, and -Maintenance of Water-Based -Fire Protection Systems - - - -2011 Edition - - - - - - - -NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 -An International Codes and Standards Organization - - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA DOCUMENTS - - -NFPA® codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), of which the document -contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the -American National Standards Institute. 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Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02169-7471; email: stds_admin@nfpa.org - -For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. - - 12/09 -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Copyright © 2010 National Fire Protection Association®. All Rights Reserved. -NFP A® 25 -Standard for the -Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of -Water-Based Fire Protection Systems -2011 Edition -This edition of NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based -Fire Protection Systems, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Inspection, Testing, and -Maintenance of Water-Based Systems and acted on by NFPA at its June Association Technical -Meeting held June 7–10, 2010, in Las Vegas, NV . It was issued by the Standards Council on -August 5, 2010, with an effective date of August 25, 2010, and supersedes all previous editions. -This edition of NFPA 25 was approved as an American National Standard on August 25, 2010. -Origin and Development of NFP A 25 -The first edition of NFPA 25, in 1992, was a collection of inspection, testing, and mainte- -nance provisions that helped ensure the successful operation of water-based fire protection -systems. NFPA 25 was developed as an extension of existing documents such as NFPA 13A, -Recommended Practice for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems,and -NFPA 14A,Recommended Practice for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Standpipe and Hose -Systems, which have successfully assisted authorities having jurisdiction and property owners -with routine inspections of sprinkler systems and standpipes. These documents have since -been withdrawn from the NFPA standards system. NFPA 25 became the main document gov- -erning sprinkler systems as well as related systems, including underground piping, fire -pumps, storage tanks, water spray systems, and foam-water sprinkler systems. -This document provides instruction on how to conduct inspection, testing, and maintenance -activities. It also stipulates how often such activities are required to be completed. Requirements -are provided for impairment procedures, notification processes, and system restoration. This type -of information, where incorporated into a building maintenance program, enhances the demon- -strated favorable experience of all water-based fire protection systems. -The 1995 edition incorporated several improvements that reflected the initial experience with -the standard. A new chapter was added that addresses obstructions in pipe as well as appropriate -corrective actions. -The 1998 edition refined testing requirements and frequencies and provided additional -guidance for preplanned impairment programs. The document scope was expanded to in- -clude marine systems. -The 2002 edition continued to refine testing frequencies for water-flow devices and evalu- -ation of the annual fire pump test data. This edition also included additional information -regarding evaluation and test methods for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). -The 2008 edition increased the requirement for record retention from one year to five -years in order to establish sufficient performance data to determine a performance trend with -particular concern for degradation in system or component performance. A section permit- -ting performance-based testing was added, providing guidance on alternative means for de- -termining testing frequencies based on system/component failure rates. Component re- -placement testing tables were introduced in this edition to provide guidance for the -appropriate tests to be performed following replacement of system components. Inspection, -testing, and maintenance requirements for water mist systems were extracted from NFPA 750 -and were inserted into a new chapter. This action consolidated inspection, testing, and main- -tenance requirements for all water-based fire protection systems into one document. -The 2011 edition further updates testing frequencies based on a growing data base of -inspection, testing, and maintenance records. In two new annexes information is provided -for classification of needed repairs and hazard evaluation. The 2011 edition also adds new -definitions differentiating the levels of deficiency for determining the priority of repair. -25–1 -NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Technical Committee on Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Systems -John K. Bouchard, Chair -Global Loss Prevention, MA [I] -Clement J. Adams, Chubb Group of Insurance -Companies, PA [I] -Gary S. Andress, Liberty Mutual Property, MA [I] -Kerry M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT] -Michael J. Bosma, The Viking Corporation, MI [M] -Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association -Joshua W. Elvove, U.S. General Services Administration, -CO [U] -James M. Fantauzzi, North East Fire Protection Systems -Inc., NY [IM] -Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Association -James M. Feld, Feld Engineering, CA [SE] -Gary R. Field, Automatic Protection Systems -Corporation, OK [IM] -Rep. National Association of Fire Equipment -Distributors -Russell P . Fleming, National Fire Sprinkler Association, -Inc., NY [IM] -Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association -David B. Fuller, FM Global, MA [I] -Greg Garber, Pittsburg Tank & Tower Inc., V A [M] -Larry Keeping, Vipond Fire Protection, Canada [IM] -Rep. Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association -Charles W. Ketner, National Automatic Sprinkler Fitters -LU 669, MD [L] -Rep. United Assn. of Journeymen & Apprentices of the -Plumbing & Pipe Fitting Industry -John Lake, City of Gainesville, FL [E] -Peter A. Larrimer, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, -PA [U] -Russell B. Leavitt, Telgian Corporation, AZ [U] -Rep. The Home Depot -Kenneth W. Linder, Swiss Re, CT [I] -Frank L. Moore, Moore Pump and Equipment, Inc., -MS [IM] -John D. Munno, Meyers-Reynolds and Associates, OK [U] -Rep. Edison Electric Institute -Top Myers, Myers Risk Services, Inc., PA [SE] -Gayle Pennel, Aon/Schirmer Engineering Corporation, -IL [I] -Rep. TC on Fire Pumps -Richard M. Ray, Cybor Fire Protection Company, -IL [IM] -Rep. Illinois Fire Prevention Association -John F . Saidi, USDOE Stanford Site Office, CA [U] -J. William Sheppard, Fire Protection Consultant, -MI [SE] -Gregory R. Stein, Tank Industry Consultants, IN [SE] -Darrell W. Underwood, Underwood Fire Equipment, -Inc., MI [IM] -Terry L. Victor, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, MD [M] -John Whitney, Clarke Fire Protection Products, Inc., -OH [M] -Rep. Engine Manufacturers Association -Alternates -James C. Bollier, Sprinkler Fitters UA Local 483, CA [L] -(Alt. to C. W. Ketner) -Bruce H. Clarke, XL Global Asset Protection , LLC, -NC [I] -(Alt. to K. W. Linder) -Matthew G. Drysdale, E. I. duPont de Nemours -& Company, Inc., DE [U] -(V oting Alt. to NFPA/IFPS Rep.) -Roland J. Huggins, American Fire Sprinkler Association, -Inc., TX [IM] -(Alt. to J. M. Fantauzzi) -Thomas W. LaCorte, Chubb Group of Insurance -Companies, NJ [I] -(Alt. to C. J. Adams) -George E. Laverick, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., -IL [RT] -(Alt. to K. M. Bell) -Clayton Norred, Jr., Norred Fire Systems, LLC, -LA [IM] -(Alt. to G. R. Field) -Matthew Osburn, Canadian Automatic Sprinkler -Association, Canada [IM] -(Alt. to L. Keeping) -Ronald Rispoli, Entergy Corporation, AR [U] -(Alt. to J. D. Munno) -George W. Stanley, Wiginton Fire Systems, FL [IM] -(Alt. to R. P. Fleming) -Ralph Tiede, Liberty Mutual Property, MA [I] -(Alt. to G. S. Andress) -Barry J. Waterman, Acme Sprinkler Service Company, -IL [M] -(Alt. to R. M. Ray) -Roger S. Wilkins, Tyco Fire & Building Products, RI [M] -(Alt. to T. L. Victor) -Nonvoting -Robert G. Caputo, East Coast Fire Protection, Inc., -V A [IM] -Rep. TC on Sprinkler System Installation Criteria -Rohit Khanna, U.S. Consumer Product Safety -Commission, MD [C] -Thomas F . Norton, Norel Service Company, Inc., -MA [IM] -Rep. Signaling Systems Correlating Committee -James D. Lake, NFPA Staff Liaison -This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, -changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. -NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or -any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. -Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on inspection, testing, -and maintenance of systems utilizing water as a method of extinguishment. These include sprinkler systems, -standpipe and hose systems, fire service piping and appurtenances, fire pumps, water storage tanks, fixed -water spray systems, foam-water systems, valves, and allied equipment. This Committee shall also develop -procedures for the conduct and reporting of routine system impairments. -25–2 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Contents -Chapter 1 Administration ............................... 25–5 -1.1 Scope ............................................... 25–5 -1.2 Purpose ............................................ 25–5 -1.3 Application ....................................... 25–5 -1.4 Units ................................................ 25–5 -Chapter 2 Referenced Publications ................... 25–6 -2.1 General ............................................ 25–6 -2.2 NFPA Publications ............................... 25–6 -2.3 Other Publications .............................. 25–6 -2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory -Sections ............................................ 25–6 -Chapter 3 Definitions .................................... 25–6 -3.1 General ............................................ 25–6 -3.2 NFPA Official Definitions ...................... 25–6 -3.3 General Definitions ............................. 25–6 -3.4 Deluge Foam-Water Sprinkler and -Foam-Water Spray Systems -Definitions ........................................ 25–9 -3.5 Valve Definitions ................................. 25–9 -3.6 Water-Based Fire Protection System -Definitions ........................................ 25–9 -Chapter 4 General Requirements ..................... 25–1 0 -4.1 Responsibility of the Property Owner or -Designated Representative .................... 25–1 0 -4.2 Corrective Action ................................ 25–1 1 -4.3 Records ............................................ 25–1 1 -4.4 Inspection ......................................... 25–1 1 -4.5 Testing ............................................. 25–1 1 -4.6 Performanced-Based Programs .............. 25–1 1 -4.7 Maintenance ...................................... 25–1 1 -4.8 Safety ............................................... 25–1 1 -Chapter 5 Sprinkler Systems ........................... 25–1 2 -5.1 General ............................................ 25–1 2 -5.2 Inspection ......................................... 25–1 3 -5.3 Testing ............................................. 25–1 3 -5.4 Maintenance ..................................... 25–1 4 -5.5 Component Action Requirements .......... 25–1 6 -Chapter 6 Standpipe and Hose Systems ............. 25–1 7 -6.1 General ............................................ 25–1 7 -6.2 Inspection ......................................... 25–1 7 -6.3 Testing ............................................. 25–1 9 -6.4 Maintenance ..................................... 25–1 9 -6.5 Component Action Requirements .......... 25–1 9 -Chapter 7 Private Fire Service Mains ................. 25–2 0 -7.1 General ............................................ 25–2 0 -7.2 Inspection and Corrective Action. ........... 25–2 1 -7.3 Testing ............................................. 25–2 2 -7.4 Maintenance ..................................... 25–2 2 -7.5 Component Action Requirements .......... 25–2 2 -Chapter 8 Fire Pumps .................................... 25–2 3 -8.1 General ............................................ 25–2 3 -8.2 Inspection ......................................... 25–2 6 -8.3 Testing ............................................. 25–2 6 -8.4 Reports ............................................ 25–2 8 -8.5 Maintenance ..................................... 25–2 8 -8.6 Component Replacement Testing -Requirements .................................... 25–2 8 -Chapter 9 Water Storage Tanks ........................ 25–3 0 -9.1 General ............................................ 25–3 0 -9.2 Inspection ......................................... 25–3 1 -9.3 Testing ............................................. 25–3 2 -9.4 Maintenance ..................................... 25–3 2 -9.5 Automatic Tank Fill Valves .................... 25–3 2 -9.6 Component Action Requirements .......... 25–3 2 -Chapter 10 Water Spray Fixed Systems .............. 25–3 4 -10.1 General ............................................ 25–3 4 -10.2 Inspection and Maintenance -Procedures ........................................ 25–3 5 -10.3 Operational Tests ................................ 25–3 6 -10.4 Ultra-High-Speed Water Spray System -(UHSWSS) Operational Tests ................ 25–3 7 -10.5 Component Action Requirements .......... 25–3 7 -Chapter 11 Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems .......... 25–3 8 -11.1 General ............................................ 25–3 8 -11.2 Inspection ......................................... 25–3 9 -11.3 Operational Tests ................................ 25–4 1 -11.4 Maintenance ..................................... 25–4 1 -11.5 Component Action Requirements .......... 25–4 2 -Chapter 12 Water Mist Systems ........................ 25–4 4 -12.1 Inspection and Testing ......................... 25–4 4 -12.2 Maintenance ..................................... 25–4 6 -12.3 Training ........................................... 25–4 7 -Chapter 13 Valves, Valve Components, and -Trim ........................................... 25–4 7 -13.1 General ............................................ 25–4 7 -13.2 General Provisions .............................. 25–4 7 -13.3 Control Valves in Water-Based Fire -Protection Systems .............................. 25–4 7 -13.4 System Valves ..................................... 25–4 8 -13.5 Pressure Reducing Valves and Relief -Valves ............................................... 25–5 2 -13.6 Backflow Prevention Assemblies ............. 25–5 3 -13.7 Fire Department Connections ............... 25–5 3 -13.8 Component Testing Requirements ......... 25–5 3 -25–3CONTENTS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Chapter 14 Obstruction Investigation ................ 25–5 6 -14.1 General ............................................ 25–5 6 -14.2 Internal Inspection of Piping ................. 25–5 6 -14.3 Obstruction Investigation and -Prevention ........................................ 25–5 6 -14.4 Ice Obstruction .................................. 25–5 6 -Chapter 15 Impairments ................................ 25–5 6 -15.1 General ............................................ 25–5 6 -15.2 Impairment Coordinator ...................... 25–5 6 -15.3 Tag Impairment System ........................ 25–5 7 -15.4 Impaired Equipment ........................... 25–5 7 -15.5 Preplanned Impairment Programs .......... 25–5 7 -15.6 Emergency Impairments ...................... 25–5 7 -15.7 Restoring Systems to Service .................. 25–5 7 -Annex A Explanatory Material ......................... 25–5 7 -Annex B Forms for Inspection, Testing, and -Maintenance .................................... 25–8 8 -Annex C Possible Causes of Pump Troubles ....... 25–8 8 -Annex D Obstruction Investigation ................... 25–9 1 -Annex E Examples of Classifications of -Needed Repairs ................................ 25–9 9 -Annex F Hazard Evaluation Form ..................... 25–108 -Annex G Informational References ................... 25–113 -Index ........................................................... 25–114 -25–4 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -NFP A 25 -Standard for the -Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of -Water-Based Fire Protection Systems -2011 Edition -IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for -use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices -and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document -and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Dis- -claimers Concerning NFPA Documents.” They can also be obtained -on request from NFPA or viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers. -NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter -designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material -on the paragraph can be found in Annex A. -Changes other than editorial are indicated by a vertical -rule beside the paragraph, table, or figure in which the -change occurred. These rules are included as an aid to the -user in identifying changes from the previous edition. Where -one or more complete paragraphs have been deleted, the de- -letion is indicated by a bullet () between the paragraphs that -remain. -A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph -indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA -document. As an aid to the user, the complete title and edition -of the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections of -the document are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts in -informational sections are given in Annex G. Extracted text -may be edited for consistency and style and may include the -revision of internal paragraph references and other refer- -ences as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revisions -of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee re- -sponsible for the source document. -Information on referenced publications can be found in -Chapter 2 and Annex G. -Chapter 1 Administration -1.1* Scope. This document establishes the minimum require- -ments for the periodic inspection, testing, and maintenance of -water-based fire protection systems, including land-based and -marine applications. -1.1.1 Coordination with NFPA 72Testing Requirements. This -standard does not address all of the inspection, testing, and -maintenance of the electrical components of the automatic -fire detection equipment used to activate preaction and del- -uge systems that are addressed by NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm -and Signaling Code. -1.1.1.1 The inspection, testing, and maintenance required by -this standard andNFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, -shall be coordinated so that the system operates as intended. -1.1.1.2* All inspections, testing, and maintenance required by -NFPA 72shall conform to NFPA 72, and all inspections, testing, -and maintenance required by this standard shall conform to -this standard. -1.1.2 Types of Systems. -1.1.2.1 The types of systems addressed by this standard in- -clude, but are not limited to, sprinkler, standpipe and hose, -fixed water spray, private fire hydrants, water mist, and -foam water. -1.1.2.2 Also included in this standard are water supplies that -are part of these systems, such as private fire service mains and -appurtenances, fire pumps and water storage tanks, and valves -that control system flow. -1.1.3 This standard addresses the operating condition of -fire protection systems as well as impairment handling and -reporting and applies to fire protection systems that have -been properly installed in accordance with generally ac- -cepted practice. -1.1.3.1* This standard does not require the inspector to verify -the adequacy of the design of the system. -1.1.4 Corrective action needed to ensure that a system oper- -ates in a satisfactory manner shall be in accordance with the -appropriate installation standard. -1.1.5 This standard shall not apply to sprinkler systems de- -signed, installed, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 13D, -Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two- -Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes. -1.2* Purpose. -1.2.1 The purpose of this document is to provide require- -ments that ensure a reasonable degree of protection for life -and property from fire through minimum inspection, test- -ing, and maintenance methods for water-based fire protec- -tion systems. -1.2.2 In those cases where it is determined that an existing -situation involves a distinct hazard to life or property, the au- -thority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to require in- -spection, testing, and maintenance methods in excess of those -required by the standard. -1.3* Application. -1.3.1 It is not the intent of this document to limit or restrict -the use of other inspection, testing, or maintenance programs -that provide an equivalent level of system integrity and perfor- -mance to that detailed in this document. -1.3.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall be consulted -and approval obtained for such alternative programs. -1.4* Units. Metric units of measurement in this standard are -in accordance with the modernized metric system known as -the International System of Units (SI). -1.4.1 If a value for measurement as given in this standard is -followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated -shall be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value -shall be considered to be approximate. -1.4.2 SI units have been converted by multiplying the quan- -tity by the conversion factor and then rounding the result to -the appropriate number of significant digits. Where nominal -or trade sizes exist, the nominal dimension has been recog- -nized in each unit. -25–5ADMINISTRATION -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Chapter 2 Referenced Publications -2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this -chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be con- -sidered part of the requirements of this document. -2.2 NFP A Publications. National Fire Protection Association, -1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. -NFPA 11, Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion -Foam, 2010 edition. -NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,2010 -edition. -NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in -One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes,2010 -edition. -NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose -Systems, 2010 edition. -NFPA 15,Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protec- -tion, 2007 edition. -NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler -and Foam-Water Spray Systems,2007 edition. -NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for -Fire Protection,2010 edition. -NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, -2008 edition. -NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service -Mains and Their Appurtenances,2010 edition. -NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code,2010 edition. -NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, -2010 edition. -NFPA 307, Standard for the Construction and Fire Protection of -Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves,2011 edition. -NFPA 409,Standard on Aircraft Hangars,2011 edition. -NFPA 1962, Standard for the Inspection, Care, and Use of Fire -Hose, Couplings, and Nozzles and the Service Testing of Fire Hose, -2008 edition. -2.3 Other Publications. -2.3.1 ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Barr Har- -bor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. -ASTM D 3359, Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion -by Tape Test, 2008. -2.3.2 Other Publications. -Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary , 11th edition, -Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003. -2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. -NFPA 11, Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion -Foam, 2010 edition. -NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,2010 -edition. -NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose -Systems, 2010 edition. -NFPA 15,Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protec- -tion, 2007 edition. -NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler -and Foam-Water Spray Systems,2007 edition. -NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for -Fire Protection,2010 edition. -NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service -Mains and Their Appurtenances,2010 edition. -NFPA 96,Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of -Commercial Cooking Operations,2011 edition. -NFPA 750,Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems,2010 -edition. -NFPA 820, Standard for Fire Protection in Wastewater Treatment -and Collection Facilities,2008 edition. -NFPA 1141,Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land -Development in Suburban and Rural Areas,2008 edition. -Chapter 3 Definitions -3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall -apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not -defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall -be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within -the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate -Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily -accepted meaning. -3.2 NFP A Official Definitions. -3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic- -tion. -3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, -office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements -of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an -installation, or a procedure. -3.2.3* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a -list published by an organization that is acceptable to the au- -thority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of -products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of -production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalu- -ation of services, and whose listing states that either the equip- -ment, material, or service meets appropriate designated stan- -dards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified -purpose. -3.2.4 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement. -3.2.5 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is -advised but not required. -3.2.6 Standard. A document, the main text of which contains -only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate -requirements and which is in a form generally suitable for -mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adop- -tion into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located in an -appendix or annex, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to -be considered a part of the requirements of a standard. -3.3 General Definitions. -3.3.1* Alarm Receiving Facility. The place where alarm or su- -pervisory signals are received. -3.3.2* Automatic Detection Equipment. Equipment that auto- -matically detects heat, flame, products of combustion, flam- -mable gases, or other conditions likely to produce fire or ex- -plosion and cause other automatic actuation of alarm and -protection equipment. -3.3.3* Automatic Operation. Operation without human inter- -vention. -3.3.4* Deficiency. For the purposes of inspection, testing, and -maintenance of water-based fire protection systems, a condition -in which a system or portion thereof is damaged, inoperable, or -in need of service, but does not rise to the level of an impairment. -3.3.4.1 Critical Deficiency. A deficiency that, if not cor- -rected, can have an effect on the performance of the fire pro- -tection system. -25–6 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -3.3.4.2 Noncritical Deficiency. A deficiency that does not -have an effect on the performance of the fire protection -system, but correction is needed for the proper inspection, -testing, and maintenance of the system(s). -3.3.5 Discharge Device. A device designed to discharge water -or foam-water solution in a predetermined, fixed, or adjustable -pattern. Examples include, but are not limited to, sprinklers, -spray nozzles, and hose nozzles. [16, 2007] -3.3.6 Double Check Valve Assembly (DCVA). This assembly -consists of two internally loaded check valves, either spring- -loaded or internally weighted, installed as a unit between two -tightly closing resilient-seated shutoff valves as an assembly, -and fittings with properly located resilient-seated test cocks. -3.3.7 Drain. -3.3.7.1 Main Drain. The primary drain connection located -on the system riser and also utilized as a flow test connection. -3.3.7.2 Sectional Drain. A drain located beyond a sectional -control valve that drains only a portion of the system (e.g., a -drain located beyond a floor control valve on a multi-story -building). -3.3.8 Fire Department Connection. A connection through -which the fire department can pump supplemental water into -the sprinkler system, standpipe, or other system furnishing water -for fire extinguishment to supplement existing water supplies. -3.3.9* Fire Hydrant. A valved connection on a water supply -system having one or more outlets and that is used to supply -hose and fire department pumpers with water. [1141, 2008] -3.3.9.1* Dry Barrel Hydrant (Frostproof Hydrant).A type of -hydrant with the main control valve below the frost line -between the footpiece and the barrel. -3.3.9.2* Monitor Nozzle Hydrant. A hydrant equipped with -a monitor nozzle capable of delivering more than 250 gpm -(946 L/min). -3.3.9.3* Wall Hydrant. A hydrant mounted on the outside of -a wall of a building, fed from interior piping, and equipped -with control valves located inside the building that normally -are key-operated from the building’s exterior. -3.3.9.4* Wet Barrel Hydrant. A type of hydrant that some- -times is used where there is no danger of freezing weather. -Each outlet on a wet barrel hydrant is provided with a valved -outlet threaded for fire hose. [24, 2010] -3.3.10* Foam Concentrate. A concentrated liquid foaming -agent as received from the manufacturer. [11, 2010] -3.3.11 Foam Discharge Device. Any device that, when fed with -a foam-water solution, produces foam. These devices are per- -mitted to be non-air-aspirating (e.g., sprinklers, water nozzles) -or air-aspirating (e.g., foam-water sprinklers, directional foam- -water nozzles, foam nozzles). All discharge devices have a spe- -cial pattern of distribution peculiar to the particular device. -3.3.12 Hose Connection. A combination of equipment pro- -vided for connection of a hose to the standpipe system that -includes a hose valve with a threaded outlet. [14, 2010] -3.3.13* Hose House. An enclosure located over or adjacent -to a hydrant or other water supply designed to contain the -necessary hose nozzles, hose wrenches, gaskets, and spanners -to be used in fire fighting in conjunction with and to provide -aid to the local fire department. -3.3.14 Hose Nozzle. A device intended for discharging water -for manual suppression or extinguishment of a fire. -3.3.15 Hose Station. A combination of a hose rack, hose -nozzle, hose, and hose connection. [14, 2010] -3.3.16 Hose Storage Devices. -3.3.16.1* Conventional Pin Rack. A hose rack where the -hose is folded vertically and attached over the pins. -3.3.16.2* Horizontal Rack. A hose rack where the hose is -connected to the valve, then stack-folded horizontally to the -top of the rack. -3.3.16.3* Hose Reel. A circular device used to store hose. -3.3.16.4* Semiautomatic Hose Rack Assembly.The same as a -“conventional” pin rack or hose reel except that, after the -valve is opened, a retaining device holds the hose and water -until the last few feet are removed. -3.3.17* Impairment. A condition where a fire protection sys- -tem or unit or portion thereof is out of order, and the condi- -tion can result in the fire protection system or unit not func- -tioning in a fire event. -3.3.17.1 Emergency Impairment. A condition where a -water-based fire protection system or portion thereof is out -of order due to an unexpected occurrence, such as a rup- -tured pipe, an operated sprinkler, or an interruption of the -water supply to the system. -3.3.17.2 Preplanned Impairment. A condition where a -water-based fire protection system or a portion thereof is -out of service due to work that has been planned in ad- -vance, such as revisions to the water supply or sprinkler -system piping. -3.3.18 Inspection. A visual examination of a system or por- -tion thereof to verify that it appears to be in operating condi- -tion and is free of physical damage. [820, 2008] -3.3.19 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Service.A service -program provided by a qualified contractor or qualified prop- -erty owner’s representative in which all components unique to -the property’s systems are inspected and tested at the required -times and necessary maintenance is provided. This program -includes logging and retention of relevant records. -3.3.20 Maintenance. In water-based fire protection systems, -work performed to keep equipment operable or to make re- -pairs. -3.3.21 Manual Operation. Operation of a system or its com- -ponents through human action. -3.3.22 Nozzle. -3.3.22.1* Monitor Nozzle. A permanently mounted device -specifically designed with a high flow rate to provide a far- -reaching stream for locations where large amounts of water -need to be available without the delay of laying hose lines. -3.3.22.2* Water Spray Nozzle. An open or automatic water -discharge device that, when discharging water under pres- -sure, will distribute the water in a specific, directional pattern. -3.3.23 Orifice Plate Proportioning. This system utilizes an -orifice plate(s) through which passes a specific amount of -foam concentrate at a specific pressure drop across the ori- -fice plate(s). -25–7DEFINITIONS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -3.3.24* Pressure-Regulating Device. A device designed for the -purpose of reducing, regulating, controlling, or restricting wa- -ter pressure. [14, 2010] -3.3.25 Pr essure-Restricting Device. A valve or device designed -for the purpose of reducing the downstream water pressure un- -der flowing (residual) conditions only. [14, 2010] -3.3.26* Pressure Vacuum Vent. A venting device mounted on -atmospheric foam concentrate storage vessels to allow for con- -centrate expansion and contraction and for tank breathing -during concentrate discharge or filling. -3.3.27* Proportioner. -3.3.27.1* Bladder Tank Proportioner.A system that is similar -to a standard pressure proportioner, except the foam con- -centrate is contained inside a diaphragm bag that is con- -tained inside a pressure vessel. -3.3.27.2* In-Line Balanced Pressure Proportioner. A system -that is similar to a standard balanced pressure system, ex- -cept the pumped concentrate pressure is maintained at a -fixed preset value. -3.3.27.3* Line Proportioner. A system that uses a venturi -pickup-type device where water passing through the unit -creates a vacuum, thereby allowing foam concentrate to be -picked up from an atmospheric storage container. -3.3.27.4* Standard Balanced Pressure Proportioner.A system -that utilizes a foam concentrate pump where foam concen- -trate is drawn from an atmospheric storage tank, is pressur- -ized by the pump, and passes back through a diaphragm -balancing valve to the storage tank. -3.3.27.5* Standard Pressure Proportioner. A system that uses -a pressure vessel containing foam concentrate where water is -supplied to the proportioner, which directs an amount of the -supply downward onto the contained concentrate, thereby -pressurizing the tank. -3.3.28 Qualified. A competent and capable person or com- -pany that has met the requirements and training for a given field -acceptable to the AHJ. [96, 2011] -3.3.29 Reduced-Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assem- -bly (RPBA). Two independently acting check valves together -with a hydraulically operating, mechanically independent pres- -sure differential relief valve located between the check valves and -below the first check valve. These units are located between two -tightly closed resilient-seated shutoff valves, as an assembly, and -are equipped with properly located resilient-seated test cocks. -3.3.30 Sprinkler. -3.3.30.1* Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA) Sprinkler. -A type of spray sprinkler that is capable of producing char- -acteristic large water droplets and that is listed for its capa- -bility to provide fire control of specific high-challenge fire -hazards. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.2 Corrosion-Resistant Sprinkler. A sprinkler fabri- -cated with corrosion-resistant material, or with special coat- -ings or platings, to be used in an atmosphere that would -normally corrode sprinklers. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.3 Dry Sprinkler. A sprinkler secured in an extension -nipple that has a seal at the inlet end to prevent water from -entering the nipple until the sprinkler operates. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.4 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinkler. -A type of fast-response sprinkler that meets the criteria of -3.6.1(a)(1) of NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler -Systems, and is listed for its capability to provide fire suppres- -sion of specific high-challenge fire hazards. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.5 Extended Coverage Sprinkler. A type of spray sprin- -kler with maximum coverage areas as specified in Sections -8.8 and 8.9 of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprin- -kler Systems.[ 13, 2010] -3.3.30.6 Nozzles. A device for use in applications requiring -special water discharge patterns, directional spray, or other -unusual discharge characteristics. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.7 Old-Style/Conventional Sprinkler. A sprinkler that -directs from 40 percent to 60 percent of the total water -initially in a downward direction and that is designed to be -installed with the deflector either upright or pendent. [13, -2010] -3.3.30.8 Open Sprinkler. A sprinkler that does not have ac- -tuators or heat-responsive elements. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.9 Ornamental/Decorative Sprinkler. A sprinkler that -has been painted or plated by the manufacturer. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.10 Pendent Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be in- -stalled in such a way that the water stream is directed down- -ward against the deflector. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.11 Quick-Response Early Suppression (QRES) Sprin- -kler. A type of quick-response sprinkler that meets the cri- -teria of 3.6.1(a)(1) of NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of -Sprinkler Systems, and is listed for its capability to provide fire -suppression of specific fire hazards. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.12 Quick-Response Extended Coverage Sprinkler. A -type of quick-response sprinkler that meets the criteria of -3.6.1(a)(1) of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprin- -kler Systems, and complies with the extended protection ar- -eas defined in Chapter 8 of NFPA 13. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.13 Quick-Response (QR) Sprinkler. A type of spray -sprinkler that meets the fast response criteria of 3.6.1(a)(1) -of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, -and is listed as a quick-response sprinkler for its intended -use. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.14 Recessed Sprinkler. A sprinkler in which all or -part of the body, other than the shank thread, is mounted -within a recessed housing. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.15 Residential Sprinkler. A type of fast-response sprin- -kler having a thermal element with an RTI of 50 (meters- -seconds)1/2 or less, that has been specifically investigated for -its ability to enhance survivability in the room of fire origin, -and that is listed for use in the protection of dwelling units. -[13, 2010] -3.3.30.16 Special Sprinkler. A sprinkler that has been -tested and listed as prescribed in 8.4.8 of NFPA 13,Standard -for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.[ 13, 2010] -3.3.30.17 Spray Sprinkler. A type of sprinkler listed for its -capability to provide fire control for a wide range of fire -hazards. [13, 2010] -3.3.30.18 Standard Spray Sprinkler. A spray sprinkler with -maximum coverage areas as specified in Sections 8.6 and -8.7 of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Sys- -tems.[ 13, 2010] -25–8 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -3.3.30.19 Upright Sprinkler. A sprinkler designed to be in- -stalled in such a way that the water spray is directed up- -wards against the deflector. [13, 2010] -3.3.31* Standpipe System. An arrangement of piping, valves, -hose connections, and allied equipment installed in a building or -structure, with the hose connections located in such a manner -that water can be discharged in streams or spray patterns through -attached hose and nozzles, for the purpose of extinguishing a -fire, thereby protecting a building or structure and its contents in -addition to protecting the occupants. [14, 2010] -3.3.31.1 Automatic Standpipe System. A standpipe system -that is attached to a water supply capable of supplying the -system demand and that requires no action other than open- -ing a hose valve to provide water at hose connections. -3.3.31.2 Dry Standpipe. A standpipe system designed to -have piping contain water only when the system is being uti- -lized. -3.3.31.3 Manual Standpipe. Standpipe system that relies -exclusively on the fire department connection to supply -the system demand. -3.3.31.4 Wet Standpipe System. A standpipe system having -piping containing water at all times. [14, 2010] -3.3.32 Standpipe System Type. -3.3.32.1 Class I System. A system that provides 2 1⁄2 in. -(65 mm) hose connections to supply water for use by fire -departments. [14, 2010] -3.3.32.2 Class II System. A system that provides 1 1⁄2 in. -(40 mm) hose stations to supply water for use primarily by -trained personnel or by the fire department during initial -response. [14, 2010] -3.3.32.3 Class III System. A system that provides 1 1⁄2 in. -(40 mm) hose stations to supply water for use by trained per- -sonnel and 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose connections to supply a -larger volume of water for use by fire departments. [14, 2010] -3.3.33* Strainer. A device capable of removing from the water -all solids of sufficient size that are obstructing water spray -nozzles. -3.3.34 Supervision. In water-based fire protection systems, a -means of monitoring system status and indicating abnormal -conditions. -3.3.35* Testing. A procedure used to determine the opera- -tional status of a component or system by conducting periodic -physical checks, such as waterflow tests, fire pump tests, alarm -tests, and trip tests of dry pipe, deluge, or preaction valves. -3.3.36* Water Spray. Water in a form having a predetermined -pattern, particle size, velocity, and density discharge from spe- -cially designed nozzles or devices. [15, 2007] -3.3.37 Water Supply. A source of water that provides the flows -[gal/min (L/min)] and pressures [psi (bar)] required by the -water-based fire protection system. -3.4 Deluge Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Sys- -tems Definitions. -3.4.1 Foam-Water Spray System. A special system that is pipe- -connected to a source of foam concentrate and to a water -supply. The system is equipped with foam-water spray nozzles -for extinguishing agent discharge (foam followed by water or -in reverse order) and for distribution over the area to be pro- -tected. System operation arrangements parallel those for -foam-water sprinkler systems as described in the definition of -Foam-Water Sprinkler System. [16, 2007] -3.4.2 Foam-Water Sprinkler System. A special system that is -pipe-connected to a source of foam concentrate and to a water -supply. The system is equipped with appropriate discharge de- -vices for extinguishing agent discharge and for distribution -over the area to be protected. The piping system is connected -to the water supply through a control valve that usually is actu- -ated by operation of automatic detection equipment that is -installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve -opens, water flows into the piping system, foam concentrate is -injected into the water, and the resulting foam solution dis- -charging through the discharge devices generates and distrib- -utes foam. Upon exhaustion of the foam concentrate supply, -water discharge follows and continues until shut off manually. -Systems can be used for discharge of water first, followed by -discharge of foam for a specified period, and then followed by -water until manually shut off. Existing deluge sprinkler sys- -tems that have been converted to the use of aqueous film- -forming foam or film-forming fluoroprotein foam are classi- -fied as foam-water sprinkler systems. [16, 2007] -3.5 Valve Definitions. -3.5.1* Control Valve. A valve controlling flow to water-based -fire protection systems. -3.5.2* Deluge Valve. A water supply control valve intended to -be operated by actuation of an automatic detection system -that is installed in the same area as the discharge devices. -3.5.3 Hose Valve. The valve to an individual hose connec- -tion. [14, 2010] -3.5.4 Pr essure Control Valve. A pilot-operated pressure- -reducing valve designed for the purpose of reducing the -downstream water pressure to a specific value under both flow- -ing (residual) and nonflowing (static) conditions. [14, 2010] -3.5.5 Pr essure-Reducing Valve. A valve designed for the pur- -pose of reducing the downstream water pressure under both -flowing (residual) and nonflowing (static) conditions. [14, 2010] -3.5.5.1* Master Pressure Reducing Valve.A pressure reduc- -ing valve installed to regulate pressures in an entire fire -protection system and/or standpipe system zone. -3.6 Water-Based Fire Protection System Definitions. -3.6.1 Combined Standpipe and Sprinkler System. A system -where the water piping services both 2 1⁄2 in. (65 mm) outlets -for fire department use and outlets for automatic sprinklers. -3.6.2 Fire Pump. A pump that is a provider of liquid flow and -pressure dedicated to fire protection. [20, 2010] -3.6.3* Private Fire Service Main. Private fire service main, as -used in this standard, is that pipe and its appurtenances on pri- -vate property (1) between a source of water and the base of the -system riser for water-based fire protection systems, (2) between a -source of water and inlets to foam-making systems, (3) between a -source of water and the base elbow of private hydrants or moni- -tor nozzles, and (4) used as fire pump suction and discharge -piping, (5) beginning at the inlet side of the check valve on a -gravity or pressure tank. [24, 2010] -3.6.4* Sprinkler System. For fire protection purposes, an inte- -grated system of underground and overhead piping designed -in accordance with fire protection engineering standards. The -25–9DEFINITIONS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -installation includes at least one automatic water supply that -supplies one or more systems. The portion of the sprinkler -system above ground is a network of specially sized or hydrau- -lically designed piping installed in a building, structure, or -area, generally overhead, and to which sprinklers are attached -in a systematic pattern. Each system has a control valve located -in the system riser or its supply piping. Each sprinkler system -includes a device for actuating an alarm when the system is in -operation. The system is usually activated by heat from a fire -and discharges water over the fire area. [13, 2010] -3.6.4.1 Antifreeze Sprinkler System. A wet pipe sprinkler sys- -tem employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a -piping system that contains an antifreeze solution and that -are connected to a water supply. The antifreeze solution is -discharged, followed by water, immediately upon opera- -tion of sprinklers opened by heat from a fire. [13, 2010] -3.6.4.2 Deluge Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employ- -ing open sprinklers that are attached to a piping system -that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is -opened by the operation of a detection system installed in -the same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve opens, -water flows into the piping system and discharges from all -sprinklers attached thereto. [13, 2010] -3.6.4.3 Dry Pipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system em- -ploying automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping -system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the re- -lease of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits -the water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe -valve, and the water then flows into the piping system and -out the opened sprinklers. [13, 2010] -3.6.4.4 Preaction Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system em- -ploying automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping -system that contains air that might or might not be under -pressure, with a supplemental detection system installed in -the same areas as the sprinklers. [13, 2010] -3.6.4.5* Wet Pipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system em- -ploying automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system -containing water and connected to a water supply so that -water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by -heat from a fire. [13, 2010] -3.6.5* Water Spray System. An automatic or manually actuated -fixed pipe system connected to a water supply and equipped with -water spray nozzles designed to provide a specific water discharge -and distribution over the protected surfaces or area. [15, 2007] -3.6.6 Water Tank. A tank supplying water for water-based fire -protection systems. -Chapter 4 General Requirements -4.1 Responsibility of the Property Owner or Designated Rep- -resentative. -4.1.1* Responsibility for Inspection, Testing, Maintenance, -and Impairment. The property owner or designated represen- -tative shall be responsible for properly maintaining a water- -based fire protection system. -4.1.1.1 Buildings. The building owner shall ensure that all -areas of the building containing water-filled piping shall be -maintained at a minimum temperature of 40°F (4.4°C) and -not exposed to freezing conditions. -4.1.1.1.1* Inspection, testing, maintenance, and impairment -shall be implemented in accordance with procedures meeting -those established in this document and in accordance with the -manufacturer’s instructions. -4.1.1.2 Inspection, testing, and maintenance shall be per- -formed by personnel who have developed competence through -training and experience. -4.1.1.3* Where the property owner or designated representa- -tive is not the occupant, the property owner or designated -representative shall be permitted to delegate the authority for -inspecting, testing, maintenance, and impairment of the fire -protection systems to a designated representative. -4.1.1.4 Where a designated representative has received the au- -thority for inspection, testing, maintenance, and impairment, -the designated representative shall comply with the require- -ments identified for the property owner or designated represen- -tative throughout this standard. -4.1.2* Accessibility. The property owner or designated repre- -sentative shall provide ready accessibility to components of water- -based fire protection systems that require inspection, testing, and -maintenance. -4.1.3 Notification of System Shutdown. The property owner -or designated representative shall notify the authority having ju- -risdiction, the fire department, if required, and the alarm- -receiving facility before testing or shutting down a system or its -supply. -4.1.3.1 The notification of system shutdown shall include the -purpose for the shutdown, the system or component involved, -and the estimated time of shutdown. -4.1.3.2 The authority having jurisdiction, the fire depart- -ment, and the alarm-receiving facility shall be notified when -the system, supply, or component is returned to service. -4.1.4* Corrections and Repairs. -4.1.4.1 The property owner or designated representative shall -correct or repair deficiencies or impairments that are found -during the inspection, test, and maintenance required by this -standard. -4.1.4.2* Corrections and repairs shall be performed by quali- -fied maintenance personnel or a qualified contractor. -4.1.5* Changes in Occupancy, Use, Process, or Materials.The -property owner or designated representative shall not make -changes in the occupancy, the use or process, or the materials -used or stored in the building without evaluation of the fire pro- -tection systems for their capability to protect the new occupancy, -use, or materials. -4.1.5.1 The evaluation required by 4.1.5 shall not be consid- -ered part of the normal inspection, testing, and maintenance -required by this standard. -4.1.5.2 The evaluation shall consider factors that include, but -are not limited to, the following: -(1) Occupancy changes such as converting office or produc- -tion space into warehousing -(2) Process or material changes such as metal stamping to -molded plastics -(3) Building revisions such as relocated walls, added mezza- -nines, and ceilings added below sprinklers -(4) Removal of heating systems in spaces with piping subject -to freezing -25–10 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -4.1.6* Addressing Changes in Hazard. -4.1.6.1 Where changes in the occupancy, hazard, water sup- -ply, storage commodity, storage arrangement, building modi- -fication, or other condition that affects the installation criteria -of the system are identified, the property owner or designated -representative shall promptly take steps to evaluate the ad- -equacy of the installed system in order to protect the building -or hazard in question. -4.1.6.2 Where the evaluation reveals that the installed system is -inadequate to protect the building or hazard in question, the -property owner or designated representative shall make the re- -quired corrections. -4.1.6.3 Corrections shall be approved. -4.1.7 Valve Location. The location of shutoff valves shall be -identified. -4.1.8 Information Sign. -4.1.8.1 A permanently marked metal or rigid plastic informa- -tion sign shall be placed at the system control riser supplying -an antifreeze loop, dry system, preaction system, or auxiliary -system control valve. -4.1.8.2 Each sign shall be secured with a corrosion-resistant -wire, chain, or other approved means and shall indicate at least -the following information: -(1) Location of the area served by the system -(2) Location of auxiliary drains and low-point drains for dry -pipe and preaction systems -(3) The presence and location of antifreeze or other auxiliary -systems -(4) The presence and location(s) of heat tape -4.1.9 Impairments. -4.1.9.1 Where an impairment to a water-based fire protection -system occurs, the procedures outlined in Chapter 15 of this -standard shall be followed, including the attachment of a tag -to the impaired system. -4.1.9.2 Where a water-based fire protection system is re- -turned to service following an impairment, the system shall be -verified to be working properly by means of an appropriate -inspection or test. -4.2 Corrective Action. Manufacturers shall be permitted to -make modifications to their own listed product in the field -with listed devices that restore the original performance as -intended by the listing, where acceptable to the authority hav- -ing jurisdiction. -4.3 Records. -4.3.1* Records shall be made for all inspections, tests, and main- -tenance of the system and its components and shall be made -available to the authority having jurisdiction upon request. -4.3.2 Records shall indicate the procedure performed (e.g., -inspection, test, or maintenance), the organization that per- -formed the work, the results, and the date. -4.3.3* Records shall be maintained by the property owner. -4.3.4 As-built system installation drawings, hydraulic calcula- -tions, original acceptance test records, and device manufac- -turer’s data sheets shall be retained for the life of the system. -4.3.5 Subsequent records shall be retained for a period of 1 year -after the next inspection, test, or maintenance of that type re- -quired by the standard. -4.4* Inspection. System components shall be inspected at in- -tervals specified in the appropriate chapters. -4.5 Testing. -4.5.1 All components and systems shall be tested to verify that -they function as intended. -4.5.2 The frequency of tests shall be in accordance with this -standard. -4.5.3 Fire protection system components shall be restored to -full operational condition following testing, including reinstalla- -tion of plugs and caps for auxiliary drains and test valves. -4.5.4 During testing and maintenance, water supplies, includ- -ing fire pumps, shall remain in service unless under constant -attendance by qualified personnel or unless impairment proce- -dures in Chapter 15 are followed. -4.5.5* Test results shall be compared with those of the original -acceptance test (if available) and with the most recent test results. -4.5.6* When a major component or subsystem is rebuilt or -replaced, the subsystem shall be tested in accordance with the -original acceptance test required for that subsystem. -4.5.7* Automated Testing. (Reserved) -4.6* Performanced-Based Programs. As an alternative means -of compliance, subject to the authority having jurisdiction, com- -ponents and systems shall be permitted to be inspected, tested, -and maintained under a performance-based program. -4.7* Maintenance. Maintenance shall be performed to keep -the system equipment operable or to make repairs. -4.8 Safety. -4.8.1 General. Inspection, testing, and maintenance activities -shall be conducted in accordance with applicable safety regu- -lations. -4.8.2 Confined Spaces. Legally required precautions shall be -taken prior to entering confined spaces such as tanks, valve -pits, or trenches. -4.8.3 Fall Protection. Legally required equipment shall be -worn or used to prevent injury from falls to personnel. -4.8.4 Hazards. Precautions shall be taken to address any haz- -ards, such as protection against drowning where working on -the top of a filled embankment or a supported, rubberized -fabric tank, or over open water or other liquids. -4.8.5* Hazardous Materials. -4.8.5.1 Legally required equipment shall be used where -working in an environment with hazardous materials present. -4.8.5.2 The property owner or designated representative -shall advise anyone performing inspection, testing, and main- -tenance on any system under the scope of this document, with -regard to hazardous materials stored on the premises. -4.8.6* Electrical Safety. Legally required precautions shall be -taken when testing or maintaining electric controllers for -motor-driven fire pumps. -25–11GENERAL REQUIREMENTS -2011 Edition - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Chapter 5 Sprinkler Systems -5.1 General. -5.1.1 Minimum Requirements. -5.1.1.1 This chapter shall provide the minimum require- -ments for the routine inspection, testing, and maintenance of -sprinkler systems. -5.1.1.2 Table 5.1.1.2 shall be used to determine the minimum -required frequencies for inspection, testing, and maintenance. -5.1.2 Valves and Connections. Valves and fire department -connections shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in ac- -cordance with Chapter 13. -5.1.3 Obstruction Investigations. The procedures outlined in -Chapter 14 shall be followed where there is a need to conduct -an obstruction investigation. -Table 5.1.1.2 Summary of Sprinkler System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance -Item Frequency Reference -Inspection -Gauges (dry, preaction, and deluge -systems) -Weekly/monthly 5.2.4.2, 5.2.4.3, -5.2.4.4 -Control valves Table 13.1 -Waterflow alarm devices Quarterly 5.2.5 -Valve supervisory alarm devices Quarterly 5.2.5 -Supervisory signal devices (except valve -supervisory switches) -Quarterly 5.2.5 -Gauges (wet pipe systems) Monthly 5.2.4.1 -Hydraulic nameplate Quarterly 5.2.6 -Buildings Annually (prior to -freezing weather) -4.1.1.1 -Hanger/seismic bracing Annually 5.2.3 -Pipe and fittings Annually 5.2.2 -Sprinklers Annually 5.2.1 -Spare sprinklers Annually 5.2.1.4 -Information sign Annually 5.2.6.1 -Fire department connections Table 13.1 -Valves (all types) Table 13.1 -Obstruction, internal inspection of piping 5 years 14.2 -Test -Waterflow alarm devices -Mechanical devices Quarterly 5.3.3.1 -Vane and pressure switch type devices Semiannually 5.3.3.2 -Valves supervisory alarm devices Table 13.1 -Supervisory signal devices (except valve -supervisory switches) -Table 13.1 -Main drain Table 13.1 -Antifreeze solution Annually 5.3.4 -Gauges 5 years 5.3.2 -Sprinklers — extra-high temperature 5 years 5.3.1.1.1.4 -Sprinklers — fast-response At 20 years and every -10 years thereafter -5.3.1.1.1.3 -Sprinklers At 50 years and every -10 years thereafter -5.3.1.1.1 -Sprinklers At 75 years and every -5 years thereafter -5.3.1.1.1.5 -Sprinklers — dry At 10 years and every -10 years thereafter -5.3.1.1.1.6 -Maintenance -Valves (all types) Table 13.1 -Low-point drains (dry pipe system) 13.4.4.3.2 -Sprinklers and automatic spray nozzles -protecting commercial cooking equipment -and ventilation systems -Annually 5.4.1.9 -Investigation -Obstruction 14.3 -25–12 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -5.1.4 Impairments. The procedures outlined in Chapter 15 -shall be followed where an impairment to protection occurs. -5.1.5 Notification to Supervisory Service. To avoid false alarms -where a supervisory service is provided, the alarm receiving facil- -ity shall be notified by the property owner or designated repre- -sentative as follows: -(1) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result -in the activation of an alarm -(2) After such tests or procedures are concluded -5.1.6 Hose connections shall be inspected, tested, and main- -tained in accordance with Chapters 6 and 13. -5.2* Inspection. -5.2.1 Sprinklers. -5.2.1.1* Sprinklers shall be inspected from the floor level -annually. -5.2.1.1.1* Sprinklers shall not show signs of leakage; shall be -free of corrosion, foreign materials, paint, and physical dam- -age; and shall be installed in the correct orientation (e.g., up- -right, pendent, or sidewall). -5.2.1.1.2 Any sprinkler that shows signs of any of the follow- -ing shall be replaced: -(1) Leakage -(2) Corrosion -(3) Physical damage -(4) Loss of fluid in the glass bulb heat responsive element -(5)*Loading -(6) Painting unless painted by the sprinkler manufacturer -5.2.1.1.3* Any sprinkler that has been installed in the incor- -rect orientation shall be replaced. -5.2.1.1.4 Any sprinkler shall be replaced that has signs of leak- -age; is painted, other than by the sprinkler manufacturer, cor- -roded, damaged, or loaded; or is in the improper orientation. -5.2.1.1.5 Glass bulb sprinklers shall be replaced if the bulbs -have emptied. -5.2.1.1.6* Sprinklers installed in concealed spaces such as -above suspended ceilings shall not require inspection. -5.2.1.1.7 Sprinklers installed in areas that are inaccessible for -safety considerations due to process operations shall be in- -spected during each scheduled shutdown. -5.2.1.2* The minimum clearance required by the installation -standard shall be maintained below all sprinkler deflectors. -5.2.1.3 Stock, furnishings, or equipment closer to the sprin- -kler deflector than permitted by the clearance rules of the -installation standard shall be corrected. -5.2.1.4 The supply of spare sprinklers shall be inspected an- -nually for the following: -(1) The correct number and type of sprinklers as required by -5.4.1.4 and 5.4.1.5 -(2) A sprinkler wrench for each type of sprinkler as required -by 5.4.1.6 -5.2.2* Pipe and Fittings. Sprinkler pipe and fittings shall be -inspected annually from the floor level. -5.2.2.1 Pipe and fittings shall be in good condition and free -of mechanical damage, leakage, and corrosion. -5.2.2.2 Sprinkler piping shall not be subjected to external loads -by materials either resting on the pipe or hung from the pipe. -5.2.2.3* Pipe and fittings installed in concealed spaces such as -above suspended ceilings shall not require inspection. -5.2.2.4 Pipe and fittings installed in areas that are inacces- -sible for safety considerations due to process operations shall -be inspected during each scheduled shutdown. -5.2.3* Hangers and Seismic Braces.Sprinkler pipe hangers and -seismic braces shall be inspected annually from the floor level. -5.2.3.1 Hangers and seismic braces shall not be damaged or -loose. -5.2.3.2 Hangers and seismic braces that are damaged or -loose shall be replaced or refastened. -5.2.3.3* Hangers and seismic braces installed in concealed -spaces such as above suspended ceilings shall not require in- -spection. -5.2.3.4 Hangers and seismic bracing installed in areas that -are inaccessible for safety considerations due to process opera- -tions shall be inspected during each scheduled shutdown. -5.2.4 Gauges. -5.2.4.1* Gauges on wet pipe sprinkler systems shall be in- -spected monthly to ensure that they are in good condition and -that normal water supply pressure is being maintained. -5.2.4.2 Gauges on dry, preaction, and deluge systems shall be -inspected weekly to ensure that normal air and water pres- -sures are being maintained. -5.2.4.3 Where air pressure supervision is connected to a con- -stantly attended location, gauges shall be inspected monthly. -5.2.4.4* For dry pipe or preaction systems protecting freezers -with two air pressure gauges on the air line(s) between the -compressor and the dry pipe or preaction valve, the air pres- -sure gauge near the compressor shall be compared weekly to -the pressure gauge above the dry pipe or preaction valve. -5.2.4.4.1 When the gauge near the compressor is reading -higher than the gauge near the dry pipe valve, the air line in -service shall be taken out of service, and the alternate air line -opened to equalize the pressure. -5.2.4.4.2 The air line taken out of service shall be internally -inspected, shall have all ice blockage removed, and shall be -reassembled for use as a future alternate air line. -5.2.5 Waterflow Alarm and Supervisory Devices. Waterflow -alarm and supervisory alarm devices shall be inspected quar- -terly to verify that they are free of physical damage. -5.2.6* Hydraulic Design Information Sign. The hydraulic de- -sign information sign for hydraulically designed systems shall -be inspected quarterly to verify that it is attached securely to -the sprinkler riser and is legible. -5.2.7 Heat Tape. Heat tape shall be inspected per manufac- -turer’s requirements. -5.2.8* Information Sign. The information sign shall be in- -spected annually to verify that it is securely attached and is -legible. -5.3 Testing. -5.3.1* Sprinklers. -5.3.1.1* Where required by this section, sample sprinklers shall -be submitted to a recognized testing laboratory acceptable to the -authority having jurisdiction for field service testing. -5.3.1.1.1 Where sprinklers have been in service for 50 years, -they shall be replaced or representative samples from one or -more sample areas shall be tested. -25–13SPRINKLER SYSTEMS -2011 Edition - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -5.3.1.1.1.1 Test procedures shall be repeated at 10-year in- -tervals. -5.3.1.1.1.2 Sprinklers manufactured prior to 1920 shall be -replaced. -5.3.1.1.1.3* Sprinklers manufactured using fast-response ele- -ments that have been in service for 20 years shall be replaced, -or representative samples shall be tested and then retested at -10-year intervals. -5.3.1.1.1.4* Representative samples of solder-type sprinklers -with a temperature classification of extra high [325°F -(163°C)] or greater that are exposed to semicontinuous to -continuous maximum allowable ambient temperature condi- -tions shall be tested at 5-year intervals. -5.3.1.1.1.5 Where sprinklers have been in service for 75 years, -they shall be replaced or representative samples from one or -more sample areas shall be submitted to a recognized testing -laboratory acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction for -field service testing and repeated at 5-year intervals. -5.3.1.1.1.6* Dry sprinklers that have been in service for 10 years -shall be replaced or representative samples shall be tested and -then retested at 10-year intervals. -5.3.1.1.2* Where sprinklers are subjected to harsh environ- -ments, including corrosive atmospheres and corrosive water -supplies, on a 5-year basis, either sprinklers shall be replaced -or representative sprinkler samples shall be tested. -5.3.1.1.3 Where historical data indicate, longer intervals be- -tween testing shall be permitted. -5.3.1.2* A representative sample of sprinklers for testing per -5.3.1.1.1 shall consist of a minimum of not less than four sprin- -klers or 1 percent of the number of sprinklers per individual -sprinkler sample, whichever is greater. -5.3.1.3 Where one sprinkler within a representative sample -fails to meet the test requirement, all sprinklers within the -area represented by that sample shall be replaced. -5.3.1.3.1 Manufacturers shall be permitted to make modifica- -tions to their own sprinklers in the field with listed devices that -restore the original performance as intended by the listing, -where acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. -5.3.2* Gauges. -5.3.2.1 Gauges shall be replaced every 5 years or tested every -5 years by comparison with a calibrated gauge. -5.3.2.2 Gauges not accurate to within 3 percent of the full -scale shall be recalibrated or replaced. -5.3.3 Waterflow Alarm Devices. -5.3.3.1 Mechanical waterflow alarm devices including, but -not limited to, water motor gongs, shall be tested quarterly. -5.3.3.2* Vane-type and pressure switch–type waterflow alarm -devices shall be tested semiannually. -5.3.3.3 Testing waterflow alarm devices on wet pipe systems -shall be accomplished by opening the inspector’s test con- -nection. -5.3.3.3.1 Where freezing weather conditions or other cir- -cumstances prohibit use of the inspector’s test connection, -the bypass connection shall be permitted to be used. -5.3.3.4 Fire pumps shall not be taken out of service during -testing unless constantly attended by qualified personnel or all -impairment procedures contained in Chapter 15 are followed. -5.3.3.5* Testing waterflow alarm devices on dry pipe, preac- -tion, or deluge systems shall be accomplished by using the -bypass connection. -5.3.4* Antifreeze Systems. The freezing point of solutions in -antifreeze shall be tested annually by measuring the specific grav- -ity with a hydrometer or refractometer and adjusting the solu- -tions if necessary. -5.3.4.1* Solutions shall be in accordance with Table 5.3.4.1(a) -and Table 5.3.4.1(b). -5.3.4.1.1* Listed CPVC sprinkler pipe and fittings shall be pro- -tected from freezing with glycerin only. The use of diethylene, -ethylene, or propylene glycols shall be specifically prohibited. -5.3.4.1.2 The concentration of antifreeze solution shall be lim- -ited to the minimum necessary for the anticipated minimum -temperature. -5.3.4.2 The use of antifreeze solutions shall be in accordance -with any state or local health regulations. -5.3.4.3 The antifreeze solution shall be tested at its most re- -mote portion and where it interfaces with the wet pipe system. -5.3.4.3.1 When antifreeze systems have a capacity larger than -150 gal (568 L), tests at one additional point for every 100 gal -(379 L) shall be made. -5.3.4.3.2 If the test results indicate an incorrect freeze point -at any point in the system, the system shall be drained, the -solution adjusted, and the systems refilled. -5.3.4.3.3 For premixed solutions, the manufacturer’s instruc- -tions shall be permitted to be used with regard to the number -of test points and refill procedure. -5.4 Maintenance. -5.4.1 Sprinklers. -5.4.1.1* Replacement sprinklers shall have the proper character- -istics for the application intended, which include the following: -(1) Style -(2) Orifice size and K-factor -(3) Temperature rating -(4) Coating, if any -(5) Deflector type (e.g., upright, pendent, sidewall) -(6) Design requirements -5.4.1.1.1* Spray sprinklers shall be permitted to replace old- -style sprinklers. -5.4.1.1.2 Replacement spr inklers for piers and wharves shall -comply with NFPA 307,Standard for the Construction and Fire Protec- -tion of Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves. -5.4.1.2 Only new, listed sprinklers shall be used to replace -existing sprinklers. -5.4.1.3* Special and quick-response sprinklers as defined by -NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, shall be -replaced with sprinklers of the same orifice, size, temperature -range and thermal response characteristics, and K-factor. -5.4.1.4* A supply of spare sprinklers (never fewer than six) -shall be maintained on the premises so that any sprinklers that -have operated or been damaged in any way can be promptly -replaced. -5.4.1.4.1 The sprinklers shall correspond to the types and -temperature ratings of the sprinklers in the property. -5.4.1.4.2 The sprinklers shall be kept in a cabinet located -where the temperature in which they are subjected will at no -time exceed 100°F (38°C). -25–14 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -5.4.1.4.2.1 Where dry sprinklers of different lengths are in- -stalled, spare dry sprinklers shall not be required, provided -that a means of returning the system to service is furnished. -5.4.1.5 The stock of spare sprinklers shall include all types -and ratings installed and shall be as follows: -(1) For protected facilities having under 300 sprinklers — no -fewer than 6 sprinklers -(2) For protected facilities having 300 to 1000 sprinklers — -no fewer than 12 sprinklers -(3) For protected facilities having over 1000 sprinklers — no -fewer than 24 sprinklers -5.4.1.6* A special sprinkler wrench shall be provided and kept -in the cabinet to be used in the removal and installation of -sprinklers. -5.4.1.6.1 One sprinkler wrench shall be provided for each -type of sprinkler installed. -5.4.1.7 Sprinklers protecting spray coating areas shall be pro- -tected against overspray residue. -Table 5.3.4.1(a) Antifreeze Solutions to Be Used If Nonpotable Water Is Connected to Sprinklers -Material -Solution -(by Volume) -Specific -Gravity at 60°F -(15.6°C) -Freezing Point -°F °C -Glycerine* -Diethylene glycol (Not for CPVC) 50% water 1.078 −13 −25.0 -45% water 1.081 −27 −32.8 -40% water 1.086 −42 −41.1 -Hydrometer scale -1.000 to 1.120 -(subdivisions 0.002) -Ethylene glycol (Not for CPVC) 61% water 1.056 −10 −23.3 -56% water 1.063 −20 −28.9 -51% water 1.069 −30 −34.4 -47% water 1.073 −40 −40.0 -Hydrometer scale -1.000 to 1.120 -(subdivisions 0.002) -Propylene glycol* (Not for CPVC) -Calcium chloride 80% “flake” (Not -for CPVC) lb CaCl 2/gal of water -Fire protection grade† -Add corrosion inhibitor of sodium -bichromate -3⁄4 oz/gal water -2.83 1.183 0 −17.8 -3.38 1.212 −10 −23.3 -3.89 1.237 −20 −28.9 -4.37 1.258 −30 −34.4 -4.73 1.274 −40 −40.0 -4.93 1.283 −50 −45.6 -*If used, see Table 5.3.4.1(b). -†Free from magnesium chloride and other impurities. -Table 5.3.4.1(b) Antifreeze Solutions to Be Used If Potable Water Is Connected to Sprinklers -Material -Solution -(by Volume) -Specific -Gravity at 60°F -(15.6°C) -Freezing Point -°F °C -Glycerine C.P. or U.S.P. grade* 50% water 1.145 −20.9 −29.4 -40% water 1.171 −47.3 −44.1 -30% water 1.197 −22.2 −30.1 -Hydrometer scale -1.000 to 1.200 -Propylene glycol (Not for CPVC) 70% water 1.027 +9 −12.8 -60% water 1.034 −6 −21.2 -50% water 1.041 −26 −32.2 -40% water 1.045 −60 −51.1 -Hydrometer scale -1.000 to 1.200 -(subdivisions 0.0002) -*C.P. = Chemically pure; U.S.P. = United States Pharmacopoeia 96.9%. -25–15SPRINKLER SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -5.4.1.7.1* Sprinklers subject to overspray accumulations shall -be protected using cellophane bags having a thickness of -0.003 in. (0.076 mm) or less or thin paper bags. -5.4.1.7.2 Coverings shall be replaced when deposits or resi- -due accumulate. -5.4.1.8* Sprinklers shall not be altered in any respect or have -any type of ornamentation, paint, or coatings applied after -shipment from the place of manufacture. -5.4.1.9 Sprinklers and automatic spray nozzles used for pro- -tecting commercial-type cooking equipment and ventilating -systems shall be replaced annually. -5.4.1.9.1 Where automatic bulb-type sprinklers or spray -nozzles are used and annual examination shows no buildup of -grease or other material on the sprinklers or spray nozzles, -such sprinklers and spray nozzles shall not be required to be -replaced. -5.4.2* Dry Pipe Systems. Dry pipe systems shall be kept dry at -all times. -5.4.2.1 During nonfreezing weather, a dry pipe system shall -be permitted to be left wet if the only other option is to remove -the system from service while waiting for parts or during repair -activities. -5.4.2.2 Refrigerated spaces or other areas within the building -interior where temperatures are maintained at or below 40°F -(4.4°C) shall not be permitted to be left wet. -5.4.2.3 Air driers shall be maintained in accordance with the -manufacturer’s instructions. -5.4.2.4 Compressors used in conjunction with dry pipe sprin- -kler systems shall be maintained in accordance with the manu- -facturer’s instructions. -5.4.3* Installation and Acceptance Testing. Where mainte- -nance or repair requires the replacement of sprinkler system -components affecting more than 20 sprinklers, those compo- -nents shall be installed and tested in accordance with NFPA 13, -Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. -5.4.4* Marine Systems. Sprinkler systems that are normally -maintained using fresh water as a source shall be drained and -refilled, then drained and refilled again with fresh water fol- -lowing the introduction of raw water into the system. -5.5 Component Action Requirements. -5.5.1 Whenever a component in a sprinkler system is adjusted, -repaired, reconditioned, or replaced, the actions required in -Table 5.5.1 shall be performed. -Table 5.5.1 Summary of Component Replacement Action Requirements -Component Adjust -Repair/ -Recondition Replace Required Action -Water Delivery Components -Pipe and fittings affecting less than 20 sprinklers X X X Check for leaks at system working pressure -Pipe and fittings affecting more than 20 -sprinklers -X X X Hydrostatic test in conformance with NFPA 13, Standard -for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems -Sprinklers, less than 20 X X Check for leaks at system working pressure -Sprinklers, more than 20 X X Hydrostatic test in conformance with NFPA 13 -Fire department connections X X X See Chapter 13 -Antifreeze solution X X Check freezing point of solution -Check for leaks at system working pressure -Valves See Chapter 13 -Fire pump See Chapter 8 -Alarm and Supervisory Components -Vane-type waterflow X X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Pressure switch–type waterflow X X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Water motor gong X X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -High and low air pressure switch X X X Operational test of high and low settings -Valve supervisory device X X X Test for conformance with NFPA 13 and/or NFPA 72, -National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code -Detection system (for deluge or preaction -system) -X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 13 and/or -NFPA 72 -Status-Indicating Components -Gauges X Verify at 0 bar (0 psi) and system working pressure -Testing and Maintenance Components -Air compressor X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 13 -Automatic air maintenance device X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 13 -Main drain X X X Main drain test -Auxiliary drains X X X Check for leaks at system working pressure; Main drain test -Inspector’s test connection X X X Check for leaks at system working pressure; Main drain test -Structural Components -Hanger/seismic bracing X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 13 -Pipe stands X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 13 -Informational Components -Identification signs X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 13 -Hydraulic placards X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 13 -25–16 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -5.5.2 A main drain test shall be required if the system control -or other upstream valve was operated in accordance with -13.3.3.4. -5.5.3 Where the original installation standard is different -from the cited standard, the use of the appropriate installing -standard shall be permitted. -5.5.4 These actions shall not require a design review, which is -outside the scope of this standard. -Chapter 6 Standpipe and Hose Systems -6.1 General. -6.1.1 Minimum Requirements. -6.1.1.1 This chapter shall provide the minimum require- -ments for the routine inspection, testing, and maintenance of -standpipe and hose systems. -6.1.1.2 Table 6.1.1.2 shall be used to determine the minimum -required frequencies for inspection, testing, and maintenance. -6.1.2 Table 6.1.2 shall be used for the inspection, testing, -and maintenance of all classes of standpipe and hose sys- -tems. -6.1.3 Checkpoints and corrective actions outlined in Table -6.1.2 shall be followed to determine that components are -free of corrosion, foreign material, physical damage, tam- -pering, or other conditions that adversely affect system op- -eration. -6.1.4 Valves and fire department connections shall be in- -spected, tested, and maintained in accordance with Chapter 13. -6.1.5 Obstruction Investigations. The procedures outlined in -Chapter 14 shall be followed where there is a need to conduct -an obstruction investigation. -6.1.6 Where the inspection, testing, and maintenance of -standpipe and hose systems results or involves a system that is -out of service, the impairment procedures outlined in Chap- -ter 15 shall be followed. -6.1.7 Where approved by the authority having jurisdiction, -existing hose shall be permitted to be removed and shall not -be recorded as a deficiency. -6.1.8 Notification to Supervisory Service. To avoid false alarms -where a supervisory service is provided, the alarm receiving facil- -ity shall be notified by the property owner or designated repre- -sentative as follows: -(1) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result -in the activation of an alarm -(2) After such tests or procedures are concluded -6.2 Inspection. -6.2.1 Components of standpipe and hose systems shall be -visually inspected annually or as specified in Table 6.1.1.2. -Table 6.1.1.2 Summary of Standpipe and Hose Systems Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance -Item Frequency Reference -Inspection -Control valves Table 13.1 -Pressure regulating devices Table 13.1 -Piping Annually 6.2.1 -Hose connections Table 13.1 -Cabinet Annually NFPA 1962 -Gauges Weekly 6.2.2 -Hose Annually NFPA 1962 -Hose storage device Annually NFPA 1962 -Hose nozzle Annually and after -each use -NFPA 1962 -Hydraulic design information sign Annually 6.2.3 -Test -Waterflow alarm devices Table 13.1 -Valve supervisory alarm devices Table 13.1 -Supervisory signal devices (except valve -supervisory switches) -Table 13.1 -Hose storage device Annually NFPA 1962 -Hose 5 years/3 years NFPA 1962 -Pressure control valve Table 13.1 -Pressure reducing valve Table 13.1 -Hydrostatic test 5 years 6.3.2 -Flow test 5 years 6.3.1 -Main drain test Table 13.1 -Maintenance -Hose connections Annually Table 6.1.2 -Valves (all types) Annually/as needed Table 13.1 -25–17STANDPIPE AND HOSE SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 6.1.2 Standpipe and Hose Systems -Component/Checkpoint Corrective Action -Hose Connections -Cap missing Replace -Fire hose connection damaged Repair -Valve handles missing Replace -Cap gaskets missing or deteriorated Replace -Valve leaking Close or repair -Visible obstructions Remove -Restricting device missing Replace -Manual, semiautomatic, or dry standpipe — valve does not -operate smoothly -Lubricate or repair -Piping -Damaged piping Repair -Control valves damaged Repair or replace -Missing or damaged pipe support device Repair or replace -Damaged supervisory devices Repair or replace -Hose -Inspect Remove and inspect the hose, including gaskets, and rerack or -rereel at intervals in accordance with NFPA 1962, Standard for -the Inspection, Care, and Use of Fire Hose, Couplings, and Nozzles -and the Service Testing of Fire Hose -Mildew, cuts, abrasions, and deterioration evident Replace with listed lined, jacketed hose -Coupling damaged Replace or repair -Gaskets missing or deteriorated Replace -Incompatible threads on coupling Replace or provide thread adapter -Hose not connected to hose rack nipple or valve Connect -Hose test outdated Retest or replace in accordance with NFPA 1962 -Hose Nozzle -Hose nozzle missing Replace with listed nozzle -Gasket missing or deteriorated Replace -Obstructions Remove -Nozzle does not operate smoothly Repair or replace -Hose Storage Device -Difficult to operate Repair or replace -Damaged Repair or replace -Obstruction Remove -Hose improperly racked or rolled Remove -Nozzle clip in place and nozzle correctly contained? Replace if necessary -If enclosed in cabinet, will hose rack swing out at least -90 degrees? -Repair or remove any obstructions -Cabinet -Check overall condition for corroded or damaged -parts -Repair or replace parts; replace entire cabinet if necessary -Difficult to open Repair -Cabinet door will not open fully Repair or move obstructions -Door glazing cracked or broken Replace -If cabinet is break-glass type, is lock functioning -properly? -Repair or replace -Glass break device missing or not attached Replace or attach -Not properly identified as containing fire equipment Provide identification -Visible obstructions Remove -All valves, hose, nozzles, fire extinguisher, etc., easily -accessible -Remove any material not related -25–18 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -6.2.2 Gauges. -6.2.2.1 Gauges on automatic standpipe systems shall be in- -spected monthly to ensure that they are in good condition -and that normal water supply pressure is being maintained. -6.2.2.2 Gauges on dry, preaction, and deluge valves shall be -inspected weekly to ensure that normal air and water pressure -are being maintained. -6.2.2.3 Where air pressure supervision is connected to a -constantly attended location, gauges shall be inspected -monthly. -6.2.3* Hydraulic Design Information Sign. When provided, -the hydraulic design information sign for standpipe systems -shall be inspected annually to verify that it is attached securely -and is legible. -6.3 Testing. Where water damage is a possibility, an air test -shall be conducted on the system at 25 psi (1.7 bar) prior to -introducing water to the system. -6.3.1 Flow Tests. -6.3.1.1* A flow test shall be conducted every 5 years at the -hydraulically most remote hose connections of each zone of -an automatic standpipe system to verify the water supply -still provides the design pressure at the required flow. -6.3.1.2 Where a flow test of the hydraulically most remote -outlet(s) is not practical, the authority having jurisdic- -tion shall be consulted for the appropriate location for the -test. -6.3.1.3 All systems shall be flow tested and pressure tested at -the requirements for the design criteria in effect at the time of -the installation. -6.3.1.3.1 The actual test method(s) and performance criteria -shall be discussed in advance with the authority having juris- -diction. -6.3.1.4 Standpipes, sprinkler connections to standpipes, or -hose stations equipped with pressure reducing valves or -pressure regulating valves shall have these valves inspected, -tested, and maintained in accordance with the require- -ments of Chapter 13. -6.3.1.5 A main drain test shall be performed on all standpipe -systems with automatic water supplies in accordance with the -requirements of Chapter 13. -6.3.1.5.1 The test shall be performed at the low point drain -for each standpipe or the main drain test connection where -the supply main enters the building (when provided). -6.3.1.5.2 Pressure gauges shall be provided for the test and -shall be maintained in accordance with 5.3.2. -6.3.2 Hydrostatic Tests. -6.3.2.1 Hydrostatic tests of not less than 200 psi (13.8 bar) -pressure for 2 hours, or at 50 psi (3.4 bar) in excess of the -maximum pressure, where maximum pressure is in excess -of 150 psi (10.3 bar), shall be conducted every 5 years on -manual standpipe systems and semi-automatic dry stand- -pipe systems, including piping in the fire department con- -nection. -6.3.2.1.1 Manual wet standpipes that are part of a combined -sprinkler/standpipe system shall not be required to be tested -in accordance with 6.3.2.1. -6.3.2.2* Hydrostatic tests shall be conducted in accordance -with 6.3.2.1 on any system that has been modified or re- -paired. -6.3.2.3 The hydrostatic test pressure shall be measured at the -low elevation point of the individual system or zone being -tested. -6.3.2.3.1 The inside standpipe piping shall show no leakage. -6.3.3 Waterflow Alarm and Supervisory Alarm Devices. -6.3.3.1 Where provided, waterflow alarm and supervisory -alarm devices shall be tested in accordance with 13.2.6 and -13.3.3.5. -6.3.3.2 Where freezing conditions necessitate a delay in test- -ing, tests shall be performed as soon as weather allows. -6.3.4* Gauges. -6.3.4.1 Gauges shall be replaced every 5 years or tested every -5 years by comparison with a calibrated gauge. -6.3.4.2 Gauges not accurate to within 3 percent of the full -scale shall be recalibrated or replaced. -6.4 Maintenance. -6.4.1 Maintenance and repairs shall be in accordance with -6.1.3 and Table 6.1.2. -6.4.2 Equipment that does not pass the inspection or testing -requirements shall be repaired and tested again or replaced. -6.5 Component Action Requirements. -6.5.1 Whenever components in standpipe and hose systems -are adjusted, repaired, reconditioned, or replaced, the actions -required in Table 6.5.1 shall be performed. -6.5.2 Where the original installation standard is different -from the cited standard, the use of the appropriate installing -standard shall be permitted. -6.5.3 A main drain test shall be required if the control valve -or other upstream valve was operated in accordance with -13.3.3.4. -6.5.4 These actions shall not require a design review, which is -outside the scope of this standard. -25–19STANDPIPE AND HOSE SYSTEMS -2011 Edition - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Chapter 7 Private Fire Service Mains -7.1 General. -7.1.1 Minimum Requirements. -7.1.1.1 This chapter shall provide the minimum require- -ments for the routine inspection, testing, and maintenance of -private fire service mains and their appurtenances. -7.1.1.2 Table 7.1.1.2 shall be used to determine the mini- -mum required frequencies for inspection, testing, and main- -tenance. -7.1.2 Valves and Connections. Valves and fire department -connections shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in ac- -cordance with Chapter 13. -7.1.3 Obstruction Investigations. The procedures outlined in -Chapter 14 shall be followed where there is a need to conduct -an obstruction investigation. -7.1.4 Fire Hose. Fire hose shall be maintained in accordance -with NFPA 1962, Standard for the Inspection, Care, and Use of Fire -Hose, Couplings, and Nozzles and the Service Testing of Fire Hose. -7.1.5 Impairments. The procedures outlined in Chapter 15 -shall be followed wherever such an impairment to protection -occurs. -Table 6.5.1 Summary of Component Replacement Action Requirements -Component Adjust Repair Replace Required Action -Water Delivery Components -Control valves X X X See Chapter 13 -Hose valve pressure regulating devices X X X See Chapter 13 -System pressure regulating devices X X X See Chapter 13 -Piping X X X Hydrostatic test in conformance with NFPA 14, Standard -for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems -Fire hose X -Hose valve X X X See Chapter 13 -Fire department connections X X X See Chapter 13 -Backflow prevention device X X X See Chapter 13 -Valves See Chapter 13 -Fire pump See Chapter 8 -Alarm and Supervisory Components -Vane-type waterflow X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Vane-type waterflow X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Pressure switch–type waterflow X X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Water motor gong X X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Valve supervisory device X X X Operational test for receipt of alarms and verification of -conformance with NFPA 14 and/or NFPA 72, National -Fire Alarm and Signaling Code -Status-Indicating Components -Gauges X Verify at 0 psi and system working pressure -System Housing and Protection -Components -Cabinet X X X Verify compliance with NFPA 14 -Hose storage rack X X X Verify compliance with NFPA 14 -Testing and Maintenance Components -Drain riser X X X Check for leaks while flowing from connection above the -repair -Auxiliary drains X X X Check for leaks at system working pressure -Main drain X X X Check for leaks and residual pressure during main drain -test -Structural Components -Hanger/seismic bracing X X X Verify conformance with NFPA 14 -Pipe stands X X X Verify conformance with NFPA 14 -Informational Components -Identification signs X X X Verify conformance with NFPA 14 -Hydraulic placards X X X Verify conformance with NFPA 14 -25–20 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -7.1.6 Notification to Supervisory Service. To avoid false -alarms where a supervisory service is provided, the alarm re- -ceiving facilities always shall be notified by the property owner -or designated representative as follows: -(1) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result -in the activation of an alarm -(2) After such tests or procedures are concluded -7.2 Inspection and Corrective Action. -7.2.1 General. Private fire service mains and their appurte- -nances shall be inspected at the intervals specified in -Table 7.1.1.2. -7.2.2* Procedures. All procedures shall be carried out in accor- -dance with the manufacturer’s instructions, where applicable. -7.2.2.1 Exposed Piping. -7.2.2.1.1 Exposed piping shall be inspected annually. -7.2.2.1.2 Piping shall be inspected, and the necessary correc- -tive action shall be taken as specified in Table 7.2.2.1.2. -7.2.2.1.3 Piping installed in areas that are inaccessible for -safety considerations due to process operations shall be in- -spected during each scheduled shutdown. -7.2.2.2* Underground Piping. -7.2.2.3* Mainline Strainers. Mainline strainers shall be in- -spected and cleaned after each system flow exceeding that of a -nominal 2 in. (50 mm) orifice and shall be removed and in- -spected annually for failing, damaged, and corroded parts, with -the necessary corrective action taken as specified in Table 7.2.2.3. -7.2.2.4 Dry Barrel and Wall Hydrants. Dry barrel and wall hy- -drants shall be inspected annually and after each operation, with -the necessary corrective action taken as specified in Table 7.2.2.4. -Table 7.1.1.2 Summary of Private Fire Service Main Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance -Item Frequency Reference -Inspection -Hose houses Quarterly 7.2.2.7 -Hydrants (dry barrel and wall) Annually and after each operation 7.2.2.4 -Monitor nozzles Semiannually 7.2.2.6 -Hydrants (wet barrel) Annually and after each operation 7.2.2.5 -Mainline strainers Annually and after each significant flow 7.2.2.3 -Piping (exposed) Annually 7.2.2.1 -Piping (underground) See 7.2.2.2 7.2.2.2 -Test -Monitor nozzles Flow, annually (range and operation) 7.3.3 -Hydrants Flow, annually 7.3.2 -Piping (exposed and -underground) (flow test) -5 years 7.3.1 -Maintenance -Mainline strainers Annually and after each operation 7.2.2.3 -Hose houses Annually 7.2.2.7 -Hydrants Annually 7.4.2 -Monitor nozzles Annually 7.4.3 -Table 7.2.2.1.2 Exposed Piping -Condition Corrective Action -Leaks Repair -Physical damage Repair or replace -Corrosion Clean or replace and coat -with corrosion protection -Restraint methods Repair or replace -Table 7.2.2.3 Mainline Strainers -Condition Corrective Action -Plugging or fouling Clean -Corrosion Replace or repair -Table 7.2.2.4 Dry Barrel and Wall Hydrants -Condition Corrective Action -Inaccessible Make accessible -Barrel contains water or ice -(presence of water or ice -could indicate a faulty -drain, a leaky hydrant valve, -or high groundwater table) -Repair and drain; for high -groundwater it could be -necessary to plug the drain -and pump out the barrel -after each use -Improper drainage from -barrel -Repair drain -Leaks in outlets or at top of -hydrant -Repair or replace gaskets, -packing, or parts as -necessary -Cracks in hydrant barrel Repair or replace -Tightness of outlet caps Lubricate if necessary; -tighten if necessary -Worn outlet threads Repair or replace -Worn hydrant operating nut Repair or replace -Availability of operating -wrench -Make sure wrench is -available -25–21PRIVATE FIRE SERVICE MAINS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -7.2.2.5 Wet Barrel Hydrants. Wet barrel hydrants shall be in- -spected annually and after each operation, with the necessary -corrective action taken as specified in Table 7.2.2.5. -7.2.2.6 Monitor Nozzles. Monitor nozzles shall be inspected -semiannually, with the necessary corrective action taken as -specified in Table 7.2.2.6. -7.2.2.7 Hose Houses. Hose houses shall be inspected quar- -terly, with the necessary corrective action taken as specified in -Table 7.2.2.7. -7.3 Testing. -7.3.1* Underground and Exposed Piping Flow Tests. Under- -ground and exposed piping shall be flow tested to determine the -internal condition of the piping at minimum 5-year intervals. -7.3.1.1 Flow tests shall be made at flows representative of -those expected during a fire, for the purpose of comparing -the friction loss characteristics of the pipe with those expected -for the particular type of pipe involved, with due consider- -ation given to the age of the pipe and to the results of previous -flow tests. -7.3.1.2 Any flow test results that indicate deterioration of -available waterflow and pressure shall be investigated to the -complete satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction to -ensure that the required flow and pressure are available for -fire protection. -7.3.1.3 Where underground piping supplies individual fire -sprinkler, standpipe, water spray, or foam-water sprinkler sys- -tems and there are no means to conduct full flow tests, tests -generating the maximum available flows shall be permitted. -7.3.2 Hydrants. Hydrants shall be tested annually to ensure -proper functioning. -7.3.2.1 Each hydrant shall be opened fully and water flowed -until all foreign material has cleared. -7.3.2.2 Flow shall be maintained for not less than 1 minute. -7.3.2.3 After operation, dry barrel and wall hydrants shall be -observed for proper drainage from the barrel. -7.3.2.4 Full drainage shall take no longer than 60 minutes. -7.3.2.5 Where soil conditions or other factors are such that -the hydrant barrel does not drain within 60 minutes, or where -the groundwater level is above that of the hydrant drain, the -hydrant drain shall be plugged and the water in the barrel -shall be pumped out. -7.3.2.6 Dry barrel hydrants that are located in areas subject to -freezing weather and that have plugged drains shall be identi- -fied clearly as needing pumping after operation. -7.3.3 Monitor Nozzles. -7.3.3.1 Monitor nozzles that are mounted on hydrants shall -be tested as specified in 7.3.2. -7.3.3.2 All monitor nozzles shall be oscillated and moved -throughout their full range annually to ensure proper oper- -ability. -7.4 Maintenance. -7.4.1 General. All equipment shall be maintained in proper -working condition, consistent with the manufacturer’s recom- -mendations. -7.4.2 Hydrants. -7.4.2.1 Hydrants shall be lubricated annually to ensure that -all stems, caps, plugs, and threads are in proper operating -condition. -7.4.2.2* Hydrants shall be kept free of snow, ice, or other ma- -terials and protected against mechanical damage so that free -access is ensured. -7.4.3 Monitor Nozzles. Monitor nozzles shall be lubricated -annually to ensure proper operating condition. -7.5 Component Action Requirements. -7.5.1 Whenever a component in a private fire service system -is adjusted, repaired, reconditioned, or replaced, the action -required in Table 7.5.1 shall be performed. -7.5.2 Where the original installation standard is different -from the cited standard, the use of the appropriate installing -standard shall be permitted. -7.5.3 A main drain test shall be required if the system control -or other upstream valve was operated. -7.5.3.1* Where a main drain is not provided, other equivalent -means of flow testing shall be permitted. -7.5.4 The actions of 7.5.1 shall not require a design review, -which is outside the scope of this standard. -Table 7.2.2.5 Wet Barrel Hydrants -Condition Corrective Action -Inaccessible Make accessible -Leaks in outlets or at top of -hydrant -Repair or replace gaskets, -packing, or parts as -necessary -Cracks in hydrant barrel Repair or replace -Tightness of outlet caps Lubricate if necessary; tighten -if necessary -Worn outlet threads Repair or replace -Worn hydrant operating nut Repair or replace -Availability of operating -wrench -Make sure wrench is available -Table 7.2.2.6 Monitor Nozzles -Condition Corrective Action -Leakage Repair -Physical damage Repair or replace -Corrosion Clean or replace, and -lubricate or protect as -necessary -Table 7.2.2.7 Hose Houses -Condition Corrective Action -Inaccessible Make accessible -Physical damage Repair or replace -Missing equipment Replace equipment -25–22 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Chapter 8 Fire Pumps -8.1* General. -8.1.1 Minimum Requirements. -8.1.1.1 This chapter shall provide the minimum require- -ments for the routine inspection, testing, and maintenance of -fire pump assemblies. -8.1.1.2 Table 8.1.1.2 shall be used to determine the minimum -required frequencies for inspection, testing, and maintenance. -8.1.2 Alternative Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Proce- -dures. In the absence of manufacturer’s recommendations for -preventive maintenance, Table 8.1.2 shall be used for alterna- -tive requirements. -8.1.3 Valves and Connections. Valves and fire department -connections shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in ac- -cordance with Chapter 13. -8.1.4 Obstruction Investigations. The procedures outlined in -Chapter 14 shall be followed where there is a need to conduct -an obstruction investigation. -8.1.5* Auxiliary Equipment. The pump assembly auxiliary -equipment shall include the following: -(1) Pump accessories as follows: -(a) Pump shaft coupling -(b) Automatic air release valve -(c) Pressure gauges -(d) Circulation relief valve (not used in conjunction with -diesel engine drive with heat exchanger) -(2) Pump test device(s) -(3) Pump relief valve and piping (where maximum pump dis- -charge pressure exceeds the rating of the system compo- -nents or the driver is of variable speed) -(4) Alarm sensors and indicators -(5) Right-angle gear sets (for engine-driven vertical shaft tur- -bine pumps) -(6) Pressure maintenance (jockey) pump and accessories -8.1.6 Water Supply to Pump Suction. -8.1.6.1 The suction supply for the fire pump shall provide -the required flow at a gauge pressure of 0 psi (0 bar) or -higher at the pump suction flange to meet the system de- -mand. -8.1.6.2 Those installations for which NFPA 20, Standard for -the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, permit- -ted negative suction gauge pressures at the time of pump -installation, where the system demand still can be met by -the pump and water supply, shall be considered to be in -compliance with 8.1.6. -Table 7.5.1 Summary of Component Replacement Action Requirements -Component Adjust -Repair/ -Recondition Replace Test Criteria -Water Delivery Components -Pipe and fittings (exposed and -underground) -X X X Hydrostatic test in conformance with NFPA 24, -Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service -Mains and Their Appurtenances -Hydrants X X X Hydrostatic test in conformance with NFPA 24 -Water flow in conformance with NFPA 24 -Check for proper drainage -Monitor nozzles X X X Hydrostatic test in conformance with NFPA 24 -Flush in conformance with NFPA 24 -Mainline strainers X X X Flow test downstream of strainer -Fire department connection X X X See Chapter 13 -Valves See Chapter 13 -Fire pump See Chapter 8 -Alarm and Supervisory Components -Valve supervisory device X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 24 -and/or NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and -Signaling Code -System-Indicating Components -Gauges X Verify at 0 psi and system working pressure -System Housing and Protection Components -Hose houses X X X Verify integrity of hose and hose house components -Structural Components -Thrust blocks X X X Test at system working pressure -Tie rods X X X Test at system working pressure -Retainer glands X X X Test at system working pressure -Informational Components -Identification signs X X X Verify conformance with NFPA 24 -25–23FIRE PUMPS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 8.1.2 Alternative Fire Pump Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Procedures -Complete as Applicable -Visual -Inspection Check Change Clean Test Frequency -Pump System -Lubricate pump bearings X Annually -Check pump shaft end play X Annually -Check accuracy of pressure gauges and sensors X X Annually (change or -recalibrate when 5% -out of calibration) -Check pump coupling alignment X Annually -Wet pit suction screens X X After each pump -operation -Mechanical Transmission -Lubricate coupling X Annually -Lubricate right-angle gear drive X Annually -Electrical System -Exercise isolating switch and circuit breaker X Monthly -Trip circuit breaker (if mechanism provided) X Annually -Operate manual starting means (electrical) X Semiannually -Inspect and operate emergency manual starting means -(without power) -X X Annually -Tighten electrical connections as necessary X Annually -Lubricate mechanical moving parts (excluding starters -and relays) -X Annually -Calibrate pressure switch settings X Annually -Grease motor bearings X Annually -Voltmeter and ammeter for accuracy (5%) X Annually -Any corrosion on printed circuit boards (PCBs) X Annually -Any cracked cable/wire insulation X Annually -Any leaks in plumbing parts X Annually -Any signs of water on electrical parts X Annually -Diesel Engine System -Fuel -Tank level X X Weekly -Tank float switch X X Weekly -Solenoid valve operation X X Weekly -Strainer, filter, or dirt leg, or combination thereof X Quarterly -Water and foreign material in tank X Annually -Water in system X X Weekly -Flexible hoses and connectors X Weekly -Tank vents and overflow piping unobstructed X X Annually -Piping X Annually -Lubrication system -Oil level X X Weekly -Oil change X 50 hours or annually -Oil filter(s) X 50 hours or annually -Lube oil heater X Weekly -Crankcase breather X X X Quarterly -Cooling system -Level X X Weekly -Antifreeze protection level X Semiannually -Antifreeze X Annually -Adequate cooling water to heat exchanger X Weekly -Rod out heat exchanger X Annually -Water pump(s) X Weekly -Condition of flexible hoses and connections X X Weekly -Jacket water heater X Weekly -Inspect duct work, clean louvers (combustion air) X X X Annually -Water strainer X Quarterly -25–24 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 8.1.1.2 Summary of Fire Pump Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance -Item Frequency Reference -Inspection -Pump house, heating ventilating louvers Weekly 8.2.2(1) -Fire pump system Weekly 8.2.2 -Test -Pump operation -No-flow condition 8.3.1 -Diesel engine driven fire pump Weekly -Electric motor driven fire pump Monthly -Flow condition Annually 8.3.3 -Fire pump alarm signals Annually 8.3.3.5 -Maintenance -Hydraulic Annually 8.5 -Mechanical transmission Annually 8.5 -Electrical system Varies 8.5 -Controller, various components Varies 8.5 -Motor Annually 8.5 -Diesel engine system, various components Varies 8.5 -Table 8.1.2 Continued -Complete as Applicable -Visual -Inspection Check Change Clean Test Frequency -Exhaust system -Leakage X X Weekly -Drain condensate trap X Weekly -Insulation and fire hazards X Quarterly -Excessive back pressure X Annually -Exhaust system hangers and supports X Annually -Flexible exhaust section X Semiannually -Battery system -Electrolyte level X Weekly -Terminals clean and tight X X Quarterly -Case exterior clean and dry X X Monthly -Specific gravity or state of charge X Monthly -Charger and charge rate X Monthly -Equalize charge X Monthly -Clean terminals X Annually -Cranking voltage exceeds 9 volts on a 12 volt system or -18 volts on a 24 volt system -X Weekly -Electrical system -General inspection X Weekly -Tighten control and power wiring connections X Annually -Wire chafing where subject to movement X X Quarterly -Operation of safeties and alarms X X Semiannually -Boxes, panels, and cabinets X Semiannually -Circuit breakers or fuses X X Monthly -Circuit breakers or fuses X Biennially -Voltmeter and ammeter for accuracy (5%) X Annually -Any corrosion on printed circuit boards (PCBs) X Annually -Any cracked cable/wire insulation X Annually -Any leaks in plumbing parts X Annually -Any signs of water on electrical parts X Annually -25–25FIRE PUMPS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -8.1.7 Energy Source. The energy sources for the pump driver -shall supply the necessary brake horsepower of the driver so -that the pump meets system demand. -8.1.8 Driver. The pump driver shall not overload beyond its -rating (including any service factor allowance) when deliver- -ing the necessary brake horsepower. -8.1.9* Controller. Automatic and manual controllers for ap- -plying the energy source to the driver shall be capable of pro- -viding this operation for the type of pump used. -8.1.10 Impairments. The procedures outlined in Chapter 15 -shall be followed where an impairment to protection occurs. -8.1.11 Notification to Supervisory Service. To avoid false -alarms where a supervisory service is provided, the alarm re- -ceiving facility always shall be notified by the property owner -or designated representative as follows: -(1) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result -in the activation of an alarm -(2) After such tests or procedures are concluded -8.2 Inspection. -8.2.1 The purpose of inspection shall be to verify that the -pump assembly appears to be in operating condition and is -free from physical damage. -8.2.2* The pertinent visual observations specified in the fol- -lowing checklists shall be performed weekly: -(1) Pump house conditions as follows: -(a) Heat is adequate, not less than 40°F (5°C) for pump -room with diesel pumps without engine heaters. -(b) Ventilating louvers are free to operate. -(2) Pump system conditions as follows: -(a) Pump suction and discharge and bypass valves are -fully open. -(b) Piping is free of leaks. -(c) Suction line pressure gauge reading is within accept- -able range. -(d) System line pressure gauge reading is within accept- -able range. -(e) Suction reservoir is full. -(f) Wet pit suction screens are unobstructed and in place. -(g) Waterflow test valves are in the closed position. -(3) Electrical system conditions as follows: -(a) Controller pilot light (power on) is illuminated. -(b) Transfer switch normal pilot light is illuminated. -(c) Isolating switch is closed — standby (emergency) -source. -(d) Reverse phase alarm pilot light is off, or normal phase -rotation pilot light is on. -(e) Oil level in vertical motor sight glass is within accept- -able range. -(f) Power to pressure maintenance (jockey) pump is -provided. -(4) Diesel engine system conditions as follows: -(a) Fuel tank is at least two-thirds full. -(b) Controller selector switch is in auto position. -(c) Batteries’ (2) voltage readings are within acceptable -range. -(d) Batteries’ (2) charging current readings are within -acceptable range. -(e) Batteries’ (2) pilot lights are on or battery failure (2) -pilot lights are off. -(f) All alarm pilot lights are off. -(g) Engine running time meter is reading. -(h) Oil level in right angle gear drive is within acceptable -range. -(i) Crankcase oil level is within acceptable range. -(j) Cooling water level is within acceptable range. -(k) Electrolyte level in batteries is within acceptable range. -(l) Battery terminals are free from corrosion. -(m) Water-jacket heater is operating. -(5)*Steam system conditions: Steam pressure gauge reading is -within acceptable range. -8.3* Testing. -8.3.1 Frequency. -8.3.1.1 Diesel engine–driven fire pumps shall be operated -weekly. -8.3.1.2* Electric motor–driven fire pumps shall be operated -monthly. -8.3.2 No-Flow Condition. -8.3.2.1 A test of fire pump assemblies shall be conducted -without flowing water. -8.3.2.2 The test shall be conducted by starting the pump au- -tomatically. -8.3.2.3 The electric pump shall run a minimum of 10 minutes. -8.3.2.4 The diesel pump shall run a minimum of 30 minutes. -8.3.2.5 A valve installed to open as a safety feature shall be -permitted to discharge water. -8.3.2.6 An automatic timer shall be permitted to be substi- -tuted for the starting procedure. -8.3.2.7 Qualified operating personnel shall be in attendance -whenever the pump is in operation. -8.3.2.8* The pertinent visual observations or adjustments speci- -fied in the following checklists shall be conducted while the -pump is running: -(1) Pump system procedure as follows: -(a) Record the system suction and discharge pressure -gauge readings -(b) Check the pump packing glands for slight discharge -(c) Adjust gland nuts if necessary -(d) Check for unusual noise or vibration -(e) Check packing boxes, bearings, or pump casing for -overheating -(f) Record the pump starting pressure -(2) Electrical system procedure as follows: -(a) Observe the time for motor to accelerate to full speed -(b) Record the time controller is on first step (for re- -duced voltage or reduced current starting) -(c) Record the time pump runs after starting (for auto- -matic stop controllers) -(3) Diesel engine system procedure as follows: -(a) Observe the time for engine to crank -(b) Observe the time for engine to reach running speed -(c) Observe the engine oil pressure gauge, speed indica- -tor, water, and oil temperature indicators periodically -while engine is running -(d) Record any abnormalities -(e) Check the heat exchanger for cooling waterflow -(4) Steam system procedure as follows: -(a) Record the steam pressure gauge reading -(b) Observe the time for turbine to reach running speed -25–26 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -8.3.3 Annual Flow Testing. -8.3.3.1* An annual test of each pump assembly shall be con- -ducted by qualified personnel under minimum, rated, and peak -flows of the fire pump by controlling the quantity of water dis- -charged through approved test devices. -8.3.3.1.1 If available suction supplies do not allow flowing of -150 percent of the rated pump capacity, the fire pump shall be -permitted to operate at maximum allowable discharge. -8.3.3.1.2* The annual test shall be conducted as described in -8.3.3.1.2.1, 8.3.3.1.2.2, or 8.3.3.1.2.3. -8.3.3.1.2.1 Use of Pump Discharge via Hose Streams. -(A) Pump suction and discharge pressures and the flow mea- -surements of each hose stream shall determine the total pump -output. -(B) Care shall be taken to prevent water damage by verifying -there is adequate drainage for the high pressure water discharge -from hoses. -8.3.3.1.2.2 Use of Pump Discharge via Bypass Flowmeter to -Drain or Suction Reservoir.Pump suction and discharge pres- -sures and the flowmeter measurements shall determine the -total pump output. -8.3.3.1.2.3 Use of Pump Discharge via Bypass Flowmeter to -Pump Suction (Closed-Loop Metering). Pump suction and -discharge pressures and the flowmeter measurements shall de- -termine the total pump output. -8.3.3.1.3 Where the annual test is conducted periodically in -accordance with 8.3.3.1.2.3, a test shall be conducted every 3 -years in accordance with 8.3.3.1.2.1 or 8.3.3.1.2.2 in lieu of the -method described in 8.3.3.1.2.3. -8.3.3.1.4 Where 8.3.3.1.2.2 or 8.3.3.1.2.3 is used, the flowme- -ter shall be adjusted immediately prior to conducting the test -in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. -8.3.3.1.4.1 If the test results are not consistent with the previ- -ous annual test, 8.3.3.1.2.1 shall be used. -8.3.3.1.4.2 If testing in accordance with 8.3.3.1.2.1 is not pos- -sible, a flowmeter calibration shall be performed and the test -shall be repeated. -8.3.3.2 The pertinent visual observations, measurements, -and adjustments specified in the following checklists shall be -conducted annually while the pump is running and flowing -water under the specified output condition: -(1) At no-flow condition (churn) as follows: -(a) Check the circulation relief valve for operation to dis- -charge water -(b) Check the pressure relief valve (if installed) for -proper operation -(2) At each flow condition as follows: -(a) Record the electric motor voltage and current (all lines) -(b) Record the pump speed in rpm -(c) Record the simultaneous (approximately) readings -of pump suction and discharge pressures and pump -discharge flow -(3) For electric motor–driven pumps, the pump shall not be -shut down until the pump has run for 10 minutes. -(4) For diesel motor–driven pumps, the pump shall not be -shut down until the pump has run for 30 minutes. -8.3.3.3* For installations having a pressure relief valve, the -operation of the relief valve shall be closely observed during -each flow condition to determine whether the pump dis- -charge pressure exceeds the normal operating pressure of the -system components. -8.3.3.3.1* The pressure relief valve shall also be observed dur- -ing each flow condition to determine whether the pressure -relief valve closes at the proper pressure. -8.3.3.3.2 The pressure relief valve shall be closed during flow -conditions if necessary to achieve minimum rated characteris- -tics for the pump and reset to normal position at the conclu- -sion of the pump test. -8.3.3.4 For installations having an automatic transfer switch, -the following test shall be performed to ensure that the over- -current protective devices (i.e., fuses or circuit breakers) do -not open: -(1) Simulate a power failure condition while the pump is op- -erating at peak load -(2) Verify that the transfer switch transfers power to the alter- -nate power source -(3) Verify that the pump continues to perform at peak load -(4) Remove the power failure condition and verify that, after -a time delay, the pump is reconnected to the normal -power source -8.3.3.5* Alarm conditions shall be simulated by activating -alarm circuits at alarm sensor locations, and all such local or -remote alarm indicating devices (visual and audible) shall be -observed for operation. -8.3.3.6* Safety.Section 4.8 shall be followed for safety require- -ments while working near electric motor–driven fire pumps. -8.3.3.7* Suction Screens. After the waterflow portions of the -annual test or fire protection system activations, the suction -screens shall be inspected and cleared of any debris or ob- -structions. -8.3.3.8* Where engines utilize electronic fuel management -control systems, the backup electronic control module -(ECM), and the primary and redundant sensors for the ECM, -shall be tested annually. -8.3.4 Other Tests. -8.3.4.1 Engine generator sets supplying emergency or -standby power to fire pump assemblies shall be tested rou- -tinely in accordance with NFPA 110,Standard for Emergency and -Standby Power Systems. -8.3.4.2 Automatic transfer switches shall be tested routinely -and exercised in accordance with NFPA 110,Standard for Emer- -gency and Standby Power Systems. -8.3.4.3 Tests of appropriate environmental pump room space -conditions (e.g., heating, ventilation, illumination) shall be -made to ensure proper manual or automatic operation of the -associated equipment. -8.3.4.4* Parallel and angular alignment of the pump and -driver shall be checked during the annual test, and any mis- -alignment shall be corrected. -25–27FIRE PUMPS -2011 Edition - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -8.3.5 Test Results and Evaluation. -8.3.5.1* Interpretation. -8.3.5.1.1 The interpretation of the test results shall be the -basis for determining performance of the pump assembly. -8.3.5.1.2 Qualified individuals shall interpret the test results. -8.3.5.2 Engine Speed. -8.3.5.2.1 Theoretical factors for correction to the rated speed -shall be applied where determining the compliance of the -pump per the test. -8.3.5.2.2 Increasing the engine speed beyond the rated speed -of the pump at rated condition shall not be permitted as a -method for meeting the rated pump performance. -8.3.5.3 The fire pump assembly shall be considered acceptable -if either of the following conditions is shown during the test: -(1)*The test is no less than 95 percent of the pressure at rated -flow and rated speed of the initial unadjusted field accep- -tance test curve, provided that the original acceptance -test curve matches the original certified pump curve by -using theoretical factors. -(2) The fire pump is no less than 95 percent of the performance -characteristics as indicated on the pump nameplate. -8.3.5.4* Degradation in excess of 5 percent of the pressure of -the initial unadjusted acceptance test curve or nameplate shall -require an investigation to reveal the cause of degraded per- -formance. -8.3.5.5 Current and voltage readings whose product does not -exceed the product of the rated voltage and rated full-load -current multiplied by the permitted motor service factor shall -be considered acceptable. -8.3.5.6 V oltage readings at the motor within 5 percent below -or 10 percent above the rated (i.e., nameplate) voltage shall -be considered acceptable. -8.3.5.7 The pump performance shall be evaluated using the -unadjusted flow rates and pressures to ensure the pump can -supply the system demand as supplied by the owner. -8.4 Reports. -8.4.1 Any abnormality observed during inspection or testing -shall be reported promptly to the property owner or desig- -nated representative. -8.4.2* Test results shall be recorded and retained for compari- -son purposes in accordance with Section 4.3. -8.4.3 All time delay intervals associated with the pump’s start- -ing, stopping, and energy source transfer shall be recorded. -8.5 Maintenance. -8.5.1* A preventive maintenance program shall be established -on all components of the pump assembly in accordance with -the manufacturer’s recommendations. -8.5.2 Records shall be maintained on all work performed -on the pump, driver, controller, and auxiliary equipment. -8.5.3 The preventive maintenance program shall be initiated -immediately after the pump assembly has passed acceptance -tests. -8.6 Component Replacement Testing Requirements. -8.6.1 Whenever a component in a fire pump is adjusted, -repaired, rebuilt, or replaced, the tests required to restore -the system to service shall be performed in accordance with -Table 8.6.1. -8.6.2 NFPA 20,Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps- -for Fire Protection, shall be consulted for the minimum require- -ments for design and installation, including acceptance test- -ing and component replacement. -Table 8.6.1 Summary of Component Replacement Testing Requirements -Component Adjust Repair Rebuild Replace Test Criteria -Fire Pump System -Entire pump assembly X Perform acceptance test in accordance with -NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary -Pumps for Fire Protection -Impeller/rotating assembly X X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Casing X X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Bearings X Perform annual test in accordance with 8.3.3 -Sleeves X Perform annual test in accordance with 8.3.3 -Wear rings X Perform annual test in accordance with 8.3.3 -Main shaft X X Perform annual test in accordance with 8.3.3 -Packing X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Mechanical Transmission -Gear right angle drives X X X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Drive coupling X X X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Electrical System/Controller -Entire controller X X X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Isolating switch X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 and exercise -six times -25–28 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 8.6.1 Continued -Component Adjust Repair Rebuild Replace Test Criteria -Circuit breaker X Perform six momentary starts in accordance with -NFPA 20 -Circuit breaker X Perform a 1-hour full-load current test -Electrical connections X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Main contactor X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Main contactor X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Power monitor X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Start relay X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Pressure switch X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 and exercise -six times automatically -Pressure transducer X X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Manual start or stop switch X Perform six operations under load -Transfer switch — load carrying -parts -X X X Perform a 1-hour full-load current test, and transfer -from normal power to emergency power and back -one time -Transfer switch — non-load parts X X X Perform si x no-load operations of transfer of power -Electric Motor Driver -Electric motor X X X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Motor bearings X Perform annual test in accordance with 8.3.3 -Incoming power conductors X Perform a 1-hour full-load current test -Diesel Engine Driver -Entire engine X X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Fuel transfer pump X X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Fuel injector pump X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Fuel system filter X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Combustion air intake system X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Fuel tank X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Cooling system X X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Batteries X X Perform a start/stop sequence in accordance with -NFPA 25 -Battery charger X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Electric system X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Lubrication filter/oil service X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Steam Turbines -Steam turbine X X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Steam regulator or source upgrade X X Perform annual test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Positive Displacement Pumps -Entire pump X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Rotors X Perform annual test in accordance with 8.3.3 -Plungers X Perform annual test in accordance with 8.3.3 -Shaft X Perform annual test in accordance with 8.3.3 -Driver X X X Perform acceptance test in accordance with NFPA 20 -Bearings X Perform annual test in accordance with 8.3.3 -Seals X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 -Pump House and Miscellaneous -Components -Base plate X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 with alignment -check -Foundation X X X Perform test in accordance with 8.3.2 with alignment -check -Suction/discharge pipe X X Perform visual inspection in accordance with 8.3.3.7 -Suction/discharge fittings X X Perform visual inspection in accordance with 8.3.3.7 -Suction/discharge valves X X X Perform operational test in accordance with 13.3.3.1 -25–29FIRE PUMPS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Chapter 9 Water Storage Tanks -9.1* General. -9.1.1 Minimum Requirements. -9.1.1.1 This chapter shall provide the minimum require- -ments for the routine inspection, testing, and maintenance of -water storage tanks dedicated to fire protection use. -9.1.1.2 Table 9.1.1.2 shall be used to determine the minimum -required frequencies for inspection, testing, and maintenance. -9.1.2 Valves and Connections. Valves and fire department -connections shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in ac- -cordance with Chapter 13. -9.1.3 Obstruction Investigations. The procedures outlined in -Chapter 14 shall be followed where there is a need to conduct -an obstruction investigation. -9.1.4 Impairments. The procedures outlined in Chapter 15 -shall be followed where an impairment to protection occurs. -9.1.5* Notification to Supervisory Service. To avoid false -alarms where a supervisory service is provided, the alarm re- -ceiving facility always shall be notified by the property owner -or designated representative as follows: -(1) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result -in the activation of an alarm -(2) After such tests or procedures are concluded -Table 9.1.1.2 Summary of Water Storage Tank Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance -Item Frequency Reference -Inspection -Water temperature — low temperature alarms connected to constantly -attended location -Monthly 9.2.4.2 -Water temperature — low temperature alarms not connected to constantly -attended location -Weekly 9.2.4.3 -Heating system — tanks with supervised low temperature alarm connected to -constantly attended location -Weekly* 9.2.3.1 -Heating system — tanks without supervised low temperature alarm connected -to constantly attended location -Daily* 9.2.3.2 -Control valves Table 13.1 -Water level — tanks equipped with supervised water level alarms connected -to constantly attended location -Quarterly 9.2.1.1 -Water level — tanks without supervised water level alarms connected to -constantly attended location -Monthly 9.2.1.2 -Air pressure — tanks that have their air pressure source supervised Quarterly 9.2.2.1 -Air pressure — tanks without their air pressure source supervised Monthly 9.2.2.2 -Tank — exterior Quarterly 9.2.5.1 -Support structure Quarterly 9.2.5.1 -Catwalks and ladders Quarterly 9.2.5.1 -Surrounding area Quarterly 9.2.5.2 -Hoops and grillage Annually 9.2.5.4 -Painted/coated surfaces Annually 9.2.5.5 -Expansion joints Annually 9.2.5.3 -Interior — tanks without corrosion protection 3 years 9.2.6.1.1 -Interior — all other tanks 5 years 9.2.6.1.2 -Temperature alarms — connected to constantly attended location Monthly* 9.2.4.2 -Temperature alarms — not connected to constantly attended location Weekly* 9.2.4.3 -Check valves Table 13.1 -Test -Tank heating system Prior to heating season 9.3.2 -Low water temperature alarms Monthly* 9.3.3 -High temperature limit switches Monthly* 9.3.4 -Water level alarms Semiannually 9.3.5 -Level indicators 5 years 9.3.1 -Pressure gauges 5 years 9.3.6 -Maintenance -Water level — 9.4.2 -Control valves — Table 13.1 -Embankment-supported coated fabric (ESCF) — 9.4.6 -Check valves — 13.4.2.2 -*Cold weather/heating season only. -25–30 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -9.2 Inspection. -9.2.1 Water Level. -9.2.1.1* Tanks equipped with supervised water level alarms that -are connected to a constantly attended location shall be in- -spected quarterly. -9.2.1.2 Tanks not equipped with supervised water level alarms -connected to a constantly attended location shall be inspected -monthly. -9.2.2 Air Pressure. -9.2.2.1 Pressure tanks that have their air pressure source su- -pervised in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and -Signaling Code, shall be inspected quarterly. -9.2.2.2 The air pressure in pressure tanks with a nonsuper- -vised air pressure source shall be inspected monthly. -9.2.3 Heating System. -9.2.3.1 Tank heating systems installed on tanks equipped -with a supervised low water temperature alarm that are con- -nected to a constantly attended location shall be inspected -weekly. -9.2.3.2 Tank heating systems without a supervised low tem- -perature alarm connected to a constantly attended location -shall be inspected daily during the heating season. -9.2.4 Water Temperature. -9.2.4.1 The temperature of water tanks shall not be less than -40°F (4.4°C). -9.2.4.2 The temperature of water in tanks with low tem- -perature alarms connected to a constantly attended loca- -tion shall be inspected and recorded monthly during the -heating season when the mean temperature is less than -40°F (4.4°C). -9.2.4.3 The temperature of water in tanks without low tem- -perature alarms connected to a constantly attended loca- -tion shall be inspected and recorded weekly during the -heating season when the mean temperature is less than -40°F (4.4°C). -9.2.5 Exterior Inspection. -9.2.5.1* The exterior of the tank, supporting structure, -vents, foundation, and catwalks or ladders, where provided, -shall be inspected quarterly for signs of obvious damage or -weakening. -9.2.5.2 The area surrounding the tank and supporting struc- -ture, where provided, shall be inspected quarterly to ensure that -the following conditions are met: -(1) The area is free of combustible storage, trash, debris, -brush, or material that could present a fire exposure -hazard. -(2) The area is free of the accumulation of material on or -near parts that could result in accelerated corrosion or -rot. -(3) The tank and support are free of ice buildup. -(4) The exterior sides and top of embankments supporting -coated fabric tanks are free of erosion. -9.2.5.3 Expansion joints, where provided, shall be inspected -annually for leaks and cracks. -9.2.5.4 The hoops and grillage of wooden tanks shall be in- -spected annually. -9.2.5.5 Exterior painted, coated, or insulated surfaces of the -tank and supporting structure, where provided, shall be in- -spected annually for signs of degradation. -9.2.6 Interior Inspection. -9.2.6.1 Frequency. -9.2.6.1.1* The interior of steel tanks without corrosion protec- -tion shall be inspected every 3 years. -9.2.6.1.2 The interior of all other types of tanks shall be in- -spected every 5 years. -9.2.6.2 Where interior inspection is made by means of un- -derwater evaluation, silt shall first be removed from the -tank floor. -9.2.6.3 The tank interior shall be inspected for signs of pit- -ting, corrosion, spalling, rot, other forms of deterioration, -waste materials and debris, aquatic growth, and local or gen- -eral failure of interior coating. -9.2.6.4 Steel tanks exhibiting signs of interior pitting, cor- -rosion, or failure of coating shall be tested in accordance -with 9.2.7. -9.2.6.5* Tanks on ring-type foundations with sand in the -middle shall be inspected for evidence of voids beneath the -floor. -9.2.6.6 The heating system and components including pip- -ing shall be inspected. -9.2.6.7 The anti-vortex plate shall be inspected for deteriora- -tion or blockage. -9.2.7 Tests During Interior Inspection. Where a drained inte- -rior inspection of a steel tank is required by 9.2.6.4, the follow- -ing tests shall be conducted: -(1) Evaluation of tank coatings shall be made in accordance -with the adhesion test of ASTM D 3359,Standard Test Meth- -ods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test, generally referred to -as the “cross-hatch test.” -(2) Dry film thickness measurements shall be taken at ran- -dom locations to determine the overall coating thickness. -(3) Nondestructive ultrasonic readings shall be taken to -evaluate the wall thickness where there is evidence of pit- -ting or corrosion. -(4) Interior surfaces shall be spot wet-sponge tested to detect -pinholes, cracks, or other compromises in the coating. -Special attention shall be given to sharp edges such as -ladder rungs, nuts, and bolts. -(5) Tank bottoms shall be tested for metal loss and/or rust -on the underside by use of ultrasonic testing where -there is evidence of pitting or corrosion. Removal, vi- -sual inspection, and replacement of random floor cou- -pons shall be an acceptable alternative to ultrasonic -testing. -(6) Tanks with flat bottoms shall be vacuum-box tested at -bottom seams in accordance with test procedures -found in NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire -Protection . -25–31WATER STORAGE TANKS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -9.3 Testing. -9.3.1* Level indicators shall be tested every 5 years for accu- -racy and freedom of movement. -9.3.2 The tank heating system, where provided, shall be -tested prior to the heating season to make certain it is in the -proper working order. -9.3.3 Low water temperature alarms, where provided, shall -be tested monthly (cold weather only). -9.3.4* High water temperature limit switches on tank heating -systems, where provided, shall be tested monthly whenever the -heating system is in service. -9.3.5* High and low water level alarms shall be tested semian- -nually. -9.3.6 Pressure Gauges. -9.3.6.1 Pressure gauges shall be tested every 5 years with a -calibrated gauge in accordance with the manufacturer’s in- -structions. -9.3.6.2 Gauges not accurate to within 3 percent of the scale of -the gauge being tested shall be recalibrated or replaced. -9.4 Maintenance. -9.4.1 V oids discovered beneath the floors of tanks shall be -filled by pumping in grout or accessing the sand and re- -plenishing. -9.4.2 The tank shall be maintained full or at the designed -water level. -9.4.3 The hatch covers in the roofs and the door at the top of -the frostproof casing shall always be kept securely fastened -with substantial catches as a protection against freezing and -windstorm damage. -9.4.4 No waste materials, such as boards, paint cans, trim, or -loose material, shall be left in the tank or on the surface of the -tank. -9.4.5 Silt shall be removed during interior inspections or -more frequently as needed to avoid accumulation to the level -of the tank outlet. -9.4.6 Maintenance of Embankment-Supported Coated Fabric -(ESCF) Suction Tanks. -9.4.6.1 The maintenance of ESCF tanks shall be completed -in accordance with this section and the tank manufacturer’s -instructions. -9.4.6.2 The exposed surfaces of ESCF tanks shall be cleaned -and painted every 2 years or in accordance with the manufac- -turer’s instructions. -9.5 Automatic Tank Fill Valves. -9.5.1 Inspection. -9.5.1.1 Automatic tank fill valves shall be inspected weekly to -ensure that the OS&Y isolation valves are in the normal open -position in accordance with Table 9.5.1.1. -9.5.1.2 Valves secured with locks or electrically supervised in -accordance with applicable NFPA standards shall be inspected -monthly. -9.5.1.3 The enclosure shall be inspected to verify that it is -heated and secured. -9.5.2 Maintenance. -9.5.2.1 Maintenance of all automatic tank fill valves shall be -conducted by a qualified person following the manufacturer’s -instructions in accordance with the procedure and policies of -the authority having jurisdiction. -9.5.2.2 Rubber parts shall be replaced in accordance with the -frequency required by the authority having jurisdiction and -the manufacturer’s instructions. -9.5.2.3 Strainers shall be cleaned quarterly. -9.5.3 Testing. All automatic tank fill valves shall be tested -yearly in accordance with the following: -(1) The valve shall be actuated automatically by lowering the -water level in the tank. -(2) The refill rate shall be measured and recorded. -9.6 Component Action Requirements. -9.6.1 Whenever a component in a water storage tank is ad- -justed, repaired, reconditioned, or replaced, the action re- -quired in Table 9.6.1 shall be performed. -9.6.2 Where the original installation standard is different -from the cited standard, the use of the appropriate installing -standard shall be permitted. -9.6.3 A main drain test shall be required if the system control -or other upstream valve was operated in accordance with -13.3.3.4. -9.6.4 These actions shall not require a design review, which is -outside the scope of this standard. -Table 9.5.1.1 Summary of Automatic Tank Fill Valve -Inspection and Testing -Item Frequency Reference -Inspection -Strainers, filters, orifices -(inspect/clean) -Quarterly 13.4.1.2 -Enclosure (during cold -weather) -Daily/weekly 13.4.3.1.1 -Exterior Monthly 13.4.3.1.6 -Interior Annually/5 years 13.4.3.1.7 -Test -Automatic tank fill valve Annually -25–32 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 9.6.1 Summary of Component Replacement Action Requirements -Component Adjust -Repair/ -Recondition Replace Test Criteria -Tank Components -Tank interior X X Remove debris -Verify integrity in conformance with NFPA 22, Standard -for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection -Tank exterior X X Verify integrity in conformance with NFPA 22 -Support structure X X Verify integrity in conformance with NFPA 22 -Heating system X X X Verify heating system is in conformance with NFPA 22 -Catwalks and ladders X X X Verify integrity in conformance with NFPA 22 -Hoops and grillage X X X Verify integrity in conformance with NFPA 22 -Expansion joints X X X Verify integrity in conformance with NFPA 22 -Overflow piping X X X Verify integrity in conformance with NFPA 22 -Insulation X X Verify integrity in conformance with NFPA 22 -Valves See Chapter 13 -Alarm and Supervisory Components -High and low water level X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 22 and/or -NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, and the -design water levels -Water temperature X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 22 and/or -NFPA 72 -Enclosure temperature X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 22 and/or -NFPA 72 -Valve supervision X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 22 and/or -NFPA 72 -Fill and Discharge Components -Automatic fill valves See Chapter 13 -Valves X X X See Chapter 13 -Status Indicators -Level indicators X X X Verify conformance with NFPA 22 -Pressure gauges X Verify at 0 psi (0 bar) and at system working pressure -25–33WATER STORAGE TANKS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Chapter 10 Water Spray Fixed Systems -10.1* General. -10.1.1 Minimum Requirements. -10.1.1.1 This chapter shall provide the minimum require- -ments for the routine inspection, testing, and maintenance -of water spray protection from fixed nozzle systems only. -10.1.1.2 Table 10.1.1.2 shall be used to determine the mini- -mum required frequencies for inspection, testing, and main- -tenance. -10.1.2 This chapter shall not cover water spray protection -from portable nozzles, sprinkler systems, monitor nozzles, or -other means of application. -Table 10.1.1.2 Summary of Water Spray Fixed System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance -Item Frequency Reference -Inspection -Backflow preventer Chapter 13 -Check valves Chapter 13 -Control valves Weekly (sealed) Chapter 13 -Control valves Monthly (locked, supervised) Chapter 13 -Deluge valve 10.2.2, Chapter 13 -Detection systems NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code -Detector check valves Chapter 13 -Drainage Quarterly 10.2.8 -Electric motor 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Engine drive 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Fire pump 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Fittings Quarterly 10.2.4, 10.2.4.1 -Fittings (rubber-gasketed) Quarterly 10.2.4.1, A.10.2.4.1 -Gravity tanks 10.2.10, Chapter 9 -Hangers Annually and after each system activation 10.2.4.2 -Heat (deluge valve house) Daily/weekly 10.2.1.5, Chapter 13 -Nozzles Annually and after each system activation 10.2.1.1, 10.2.1.2, 10.2.1.6, 10.2.5.1, 10.2.5.2 -Pipe Annually and after each system activation 10.2.1.1, 10.2.1.2, 10.2.4, 10.2.4.1 -Pressure tank 10.2.10, Chapter 9 -Steam driver 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Strainers Manufacturer’s instruction 10.2.7 -Suction tanks 10.2.10, Chapter 9 -Supports Quarterly 10.2.1.1, 10.2.1.2, 10.2.4.2 -Water supply piping 10.2.6.1, 10.2.6.2 -UHSWSS — detectors Monthly 10.4.2 -UHSWSS — controllers Each shift 10.4.3 -UHSWSS — valves Each shift 10.4.4 -Operational Test -Backflow preventer Chapter 13 -Check valves Chapter 13 -Control valves Annually 13.3.3.1 -Deluge valve 10.2.2, Chapter 13 -Detection systems NFPA 72 -Detector check valve Chapter 13 -Electric motor 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Engine drive 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Fire pump 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Flushing Annually 10.2.1.3, Section 10.3 (flushing of connection to -riser, part of annual test) -Gravity tanks 10.2.10, Chapter 9 -Main drain test Annually 13.3.3.4 -Manual release Annually 10.2.1.3, 10.3.6 -Nozzles Annually 10.2.1.3, 10.2.1.6, Section 10.3 -Pressure tank Section 10.2, Chapter 9 -Steam driver 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Strainers Annually 10.2.1.3, 10.2.1.7, 10.2.7 -Suction tanks 10.2.10, Chapter 9 -Waterflow alarm Quarterly Chapter 5 -Water spray system test Annually Section 10.3, Chapter 13 -Water supply flow test 7.3.1 -UHSWSS Annually Section 10.4 -25–34 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -10.1.3* NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire -Protection, shall be consulted to determine the requirements -for design and installation, including acceptance testing. -10.1.4 Obstruction Investigations. The procedures outlined -in Chapter 14 shall be followed where there is a need to con- -duct an obstruction investigation. -10.1.5 Valves and Connections. Valves and fire department -connections shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in ac- -cordance with Chapter 13. -10.1.6* Impairments. The procedures outlined in Chapter 15 -shall be followed where an impairment to protection occurs. -10.1.6.1 When a water spray fixed system or any portion thereof -is out of service for any reason, notice shall be given to facility -management, the local fire department, the on-site fire brigade, -and other authorities having jurisdiction, as applicable. -10.1.6.2 A sign shall be posted at each fire department connec- -tion or system control valve indicating which portion of the sys- -tem is out of service. -10.2 Inspection and Maintenance Procedures. -10.2.1 The components described in this section shall be -inspected and maintained at the frequency specified in -Table 10.1.1.2 and in accordance with this standard and the -manufacturer’s instructions. -10.2.1.1 Items in areas that are inaccessible for safety consid- -erations due to factors such as continuous process operations -and energized electrical equipment shall be inspected during -each scheduled shutdown but not more than every 18 months. -10.2.1.2 Inspections shall not be required for items in areas -with no provision for access and that are not subject to the -conditions noted in 10.2.4.1, 10.2.4.2, and 10.2.5.1. -10.2.1.3 Items in areas that are inaccessible for safety consid- -erations shall be tested at longer intervals in accordance with -13.4.3.2.2.3. -10.2.1.4 Other maintenance intervals shall be permitted, de- -pending on the results of the visual inspection and operating -tests. -10.2.1.5 Deluge valve enclosures shall be inspected in accor- -dance with the provisions of Chapter 13. -10.2.1.6 Nozzle strainers shall be removed, inspected, and -cleaned during the flushing procedure for the mainline strainer. -10.2.1.7 Mainline strainers shall be removed and inspected -every 5 years for damaged and corroded parts. -10.2.2 Deluge Valves. Deluge valves shall be inspected, tested, -and maintained in accordance with Chapter 13. -10.2.3 Automatic Detection Equipment. -10.2.3.1 Automatic detection equipment shall be inspected, -tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 72, National -Fire Alarm and Signaling Code. -10.2.3.2 Automatic fire detection equipment not covered by -NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, shall be inspected, -tested, and maintained to ensure that the detectors are in place, -securely fastened, and protected from corrosion, weather, and -mechanical damage and that the communication wiring, control -panels, or tubing system is functional. -10.2.4* System Components. System piping, fittings, hangers, -and supports shall be inspected and maintained to ensure -continuity of water delivery to the spray nozzles at full water- -flow and design pressure. -10.2.4.1* Piping and Fittings. System piping and fittings shall -be inspected for the following: -(1) Mechanical damage (e.g., broken piping or cracked fittings) -(2) External conditions (e.g., missing or damaged paint or -coatings, rust, and corrosion) -(3) Misalignment or trapped sections -(4) Low-point drains (automatic or manual) -(5) Location of rubber-gasketed fittings -10.2.4.2* Hangers and Supports. Hangers and supports shall -be inspected for the following and repaired or replaced as -necessary: -(1) Condition (e.g., missing or damaged paint or coating, -rust, and corrosion) -(2) Secure attachment to structural supports and piping -(3) Damaged or missing hangers -Table 10.1.1.2 Continued -Item Frequency Reference -Maintenance -Backflow preventer Chapter 13 -Check valves Chapter 13 -Control valves Annually 10.2.1.4, Chapter 13 -Deluge valve 10.2.2, Chapter 13 -Detection systems NFPA 72 -Detector check valve Chapter 13 -Electric motor 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Engine drive 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Fire pump 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Gravity tanks 10.2.10, Chapter 9 -Pressure tank 10.2.6, Chapter 9 -Steam driver 10.2.9, Chapter 8 -Strainers Annually 10.2.1.4, 10.2.1.6, 10.2.7 -Strainers (baskets/screen) 5 years 10.2.1.4, 10.2.1.7, A.10.2.7 -Suction tanks 10.2.10, Chapter 9 -Water spray system Annually 10.2.1.4, Chapter 13 -25–35WATER SPRAY FIXED SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -10.2.5* Water Spray Nozzles. -10.2.5.1 Water spray nozzles shall be inspected and main- -tained to ensure that they are in place, continue to be aimed -or pointed in the direction intended in the system design, and -are free from external loading and corrosion. -10.2.5.2 Where caps or plugs are required, the inspection -shall confirm they are in place and free to operate as in- -tended. -10.2.5.3 Misaligned water spray nozzles shall be adjusted -(aimed) by visual means, and the discharge patterns shall be -checked at the next scheduled flow test. -10.2.6 Water Supply. -10.2.6.1 The dependability of the water supply shall be en- -sured by regular inspection and maintenance, whether fur- -nished by a municipal source, on-site storage tanks, a fire -pump, or private underground piping systems. -10.2.6.2* Water supply piping shall be maintained free of in- -ternal obstructions. -10.2.7* Strainers. -10.2.7.1 Mainline strainers (basket or screen) shall be -flushed until clear after each operation or flow test. -10.2.7.2 Individual water spray nozzle strainers shall be re- -moved, cleaned, and inspected after each operation or flow test. -10.2.7.3 All strainers shall be inspected and cleaned in accor- -dance with the manufacturer’s instructions. -10.2.7.4 Damaged or corroded parts shall be replaced or re- -paired. -10.2.8 Drainage. The area beneath and surrounding a water -spray fixed system shall be inspected visually on a quarterly -basis to ensure that drainage facilities, such as trap sumps and -drainage trenches, are not blocked and retention embank- -ments or dikes are in good repair. -10.2.9 Fire Pumps. Chapter 8 shall be followed for inspection -and maintenance requirements. -10.2.10 Water Tanks (Gravity, Pressure, or Suction Tanks, or -Reservoirs). Chapter 9 shall be followed for inspection and -maintenance requirements. -10.3 Operational Tests. -10.3.1 Performance. -10.3.1.1 Frequency of system tests shall be in accordance with -Table 10.1.1.2. -10.3.1.2 Water spray fixed systems shall be serviced in accor- -dance with this standard and with the manufacturer’s instruc- -tions. -10.3.2 Notification. -10.3.2.1 To avoid false alarms where a supervisory service is -provided, the alarm receiving facility always shall be notified -by the property owner or designated representative as follows: -(1) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result -in the actuation of an alarm -(2) After such tests or procedures are concluded -10.3.2.2 All personnel whose operations could be affected by -the system operation shall be notified. -10.3.3* Test Preparation. Precautions shall be taken to pre- -vent damage to property during the test. -10.3.4 Operational Test Performance. Operational tests shall -be conducted to ensure that the water spray fixed systems re- -spond as designed, both automatically and manually. -10.3.4.1* Response Time. -10.3.4.1.1 Under test conditions, the heat detection systems, -where exposed to a heat test source, shall operate within -40 seconds. -10.3.4.1.2 Under test conditions, the flammable gas detec- -tion system, where exposed to a standard test gas concentra- -tion, shall operate within the time frame specified in the sys- -tem design. -10.3.4.1.3 These response times shall be recorded. -10.3.4.2 Discharge Time. The time lapse between operation -of detection systems and water delivery time to the protected -area shall be recorded. -10.3.4.3* Discharge Patterns. -10.3.4.3.1* The water discharge patterns from all of the open -spray nozzles shall be observed to ensure that patterns are not -impeded by plugged nozzles, to ensure that nozzles are cor- -rectly positioned, and to ensure that obstructions do not pre- -vent discharge patterns from wetting surfaces to be protected. -10.3.4.3.1.1 Where the nature of the protected property is -such that water cannot be discharged, the nozzles shall be in- -spected for proper orientation and the system tested with air -to ensure that the nozzles are not obstructed. -10.3.4.3.2 Where obstructions occur, the piping and nozzles -shall be cleaned and the system retested. -10.3.4.4 Pressure Readings. -10.3.4.4.1 Pressure readings shall be recorded at the hydrau- -lically most remote nozzle to ensure the waterflow has not -been impeded by partially closed valves or by plugged strain- -ers or piping. -10.3.4.4.2 A second pressure reading shall be recorded at the -deluge valve to ensure the water supply is adequate. -10.3.4.4.3 Readings shall be compared to the hydraulic de- -sign pressures to ensure the original system design require- -ments are met and the water supply is adequate to meet the -design requirements. -10.3.4.4.3.1 Where the hydraulically most remote nozzle is -inaccessible, nozzles shall be permitted to be checked visually -without taking a pressure reading on the most remote nozzle. -10.3.4.4.3.2 Where the reading taken at the riser indicates -that the water supply has deteriorated, a gauge shall be placed -on the hydraulically most remote nozzle and the results com- -pared with the required design pressure. -10.3.5 Multiple Systems. The maximum number of systems -expected to operate in case of fire shall be tested simulta- -neously to check the adequacy of the water supply. -10.3.6 Manual Operation. Manual actuation devices shall be -operated annually. -10.3.7 Return to Service. After the full flow test, the water -spray system shall be maintained and returned to service in -accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. -10.3.7.1 Main Drain Tests. -10.3.7.1.1 Main drain tests shall be conducted at the main -riser to determine whether there has been any change in the -condition of the water supply piping and controlling valves. -25–36 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -10.3.7.1.2 Static and residual water pressures shall be re- -corded respectively before, during, and after the operation of -the fully opened drain valve. -10.3.7.1.3 Readings shall be compared with those made at -the time of the original acceptance tests or with those made at -the time of the last test to determine whether there has been -any deterioration of the water supply. -10.3.7.2 Low Point Drains. -10.3.7.2.1 To prevent freezing and corrosion, all low point -drains in aboveground piping shall be opened, the pipe -drained, and the valves closed and plugs replaced. -10.3.7.2.2 Where weep holes are provided in lieu of low-point -drains, they shall be inspected to ensure they are clear and -unobstructed. -10.4 Ultra-High-Speed Water Spray System (UHSWSS) Op- -erational Tests. -10.4.1 A full operational test, including measurements of re- -sponse time, shall be conducted at intervals not exceeding 1 year. -10.4.1.1 Systems out of service shall be tested before being -placed back in service. -10.4.2 All detectors shall be tested and inspected monthly for -physical damage and accumulation of deposits on the lenses -of optical detectors. -10.4.3 Controllers shall be inspected for faults at the start of -each working shift. -10.4.4 Valves. -10.4.4.1 Valves on the water supply line shall be inspected at -the start of each working shift to verify they are open. -10.4.4.2 Valves secured in the open position with a locking -device or monitored by a signaling device that sounds a -trouble signal at the deluge system control panel or other cen- -tral location shall not require inspection. -10.4.5 Response Time. -10.4.5.1 The response time shall be verified during the op- -erational test. -10.4.5.2 The response time shall be in accordance with the re- -quirements of the system but not more than 100 milliseconds. -10.5 Component Action Requirements. -10.5.1 Whenever a component in a water spray fixed system is -adjusted, repaired, reconditioned, or replaced, the action re- -quired in Table 10.5.1 shall be performed. -Table 10.5.1 Summary of Component Replacement Action Requirements -Component Adjust -Repair/ -Recondition Replace Required Action -Water Delivery Components -Pipe and fittings X X X Operational flow test -Nozzles X X X Operational flow test -Manual release X X X (1) Operational test -(2) Check for leaks at system working pressure -(3) Test all alarms -Fire department connections See Chapter 13 -Valves X X X See Chapter 13 -Fire pump X X X See Chapter 8 -Alarm and Supervisory Components -Pressure switch–type waterflow X X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Water motor gong X X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Valve supervisory device X X X Test for conformance with NFPA 15, Standard for Water -Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection, and/or NFPA 72, -National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code -Detection system X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 15 -and/or NFPA 72 -Status-Indicating Components -Gauges X Verify at 0 psi (0 bar) and system working pressure -Testing and Maintenance Components -Main drain X X X Full flow main drain test -Auxiliary drains X X X (1) Check for leaks at system working pressure -(2) Main drain test -Structural Components -Hanger/seismic bracing X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 15 and/or -NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems -Pipe stands X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 15 and/or NFPA 13 -Informational Components -Identification signs X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 15 -25–37WATER SPRAY FIXED SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -10.5.2 Where the original installation standard is different -from the cited standard, the use of the appropriate installing -standard shall be permitted. -10.5.3 A main drain test shall be required if the system con- -trol or other upstream valve was operated in accordance with -13.3.3.4. -10.5.4 The actions of 10.5.1 shall not require a design review, -which is outside the scope of this standard. -Chapter 11 Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems -11.1 General. -11.1.1 Minimum Requirements. -11.1.1.1 This chapter shall provide the minimum require- -ments for the routine inspection, testing, and maintenance of -foam-water systems. -11.1.1.2 Table 11.1.1.2 shall be used to determine the mini- -mum required frequencies for inspection, testing, and main- -tenance. -11.1.2 Fire pumps, water storage tanks, and valves common -to other types of water-based fire protection systems shall -be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with -Chapters 8, 9, and 13, respectively, and as specified in -Table 11.1.1.2. -11.1.3 Foam-Water Systems. -11.1.3.1 This section shall apply to foam-water systems as -specified in NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water -Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems. -11.1.3.2 This section shall not include systems detailed in -NFPA 11,Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam. -Table 11.1.1.2 Summary of Foam-Water Sprinkler System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance -System/Component Frequency Reference -Inspection -Discharge device location (sprinkler) Annually 11.2.5 -Discharge device location (spray nozzle) Monthly 11.2.5 -Discharge device position (sprinkler) Annually 11.2.5 -Discharge device position (spray nozzle) Monthly 11.2.5 -Foam concentrate strainer(s) Quarterly 11.2.7.2 -Drainage in system area Quarterly 11.2.8 -Proportioning system(s) — all Monthly 11.2.9 -Pipe corrosion Annually 11.2.3 -Pipe damage Annually 11.2.3 -Fittings corrosion Annually 11.2.3 -Fittings damage Annually 11.2.3 -Hangers/supports Annually 11.2.4 -Waterflow devices Quarterly 11.2.1 -Water supply tank(s) Chapter 9 -Fire pump(s) Chapter 8 -Water supply piping 11.2.6.1 -Control valve(s) Weekly/monthly — -Deluge/preaction valve(s) 11.2.1, Chapter 13 -Detection system See NFPA 72, National Fire -Alarm and Signaling Code -11.2.2 -Test -Discharge device location Annually 11.3.2.6 -Discharge device position Annually 11.3.2.6 -Discharge device obstruction Annually 11.3.2.6 -Foam concentrate strainer(s) Annually 11.2.7.2 -Proportioning system(s) — all Annually 11.2.9 -Complete foam-water system(s) Annually 11.3.3 -Foam-water solution Annually 11.3.5 -Manual actuation device(s) Annually 11.3.4 -Backflow preventer(s) Annually Chapter 13 -Fire pump(s) See Chapter 8 — -Waterflow devices Quarterly/semiannually 11.3.1.3 -Water supply piping Annually Chapter 10 -Control valve(s) See Chapter 13 — -Strainer(s) — mainline See Chapter 10 11.2.7.1 -Deluge/preaction valve(s) See Chapter 13 11.2.1 -Detection system See NFPA 72 11.2.2 -Backflow preventer(s) See Chapter 13 — -Water supply tank(s) See Chapter 9 — -Water supply flow test 5 years 7.3.1 -25–38 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -11.1.4 Foam-Water System. -11.1.4.1 If during routine inspection and testing the foam- -water system is determined to have been altered or changed -(e.g., equipment replaced, relocated, or foam concentrate -replaced), it shall be determined whether the design intent -has been altered and whether the system operates properly. -11.1.4.1.1 Mechanical waterflow devices, including but not -limited to water motor gongs, shall be tested quarterly. -11.1.4.1.2 Valve-type and pressure switch–type waterflow de- -vices shall be tested semiannually. -11.1.4.1.3 Waterflow Devices. Waterflow devices shall be in- -spected quarterly to verify that they are free of physical -damage. -11.1.4.2 The inspection shall verify that all components, -including foam concentrate discharge devices and propor- -tioning equipment, are installed in accordance with their -listing. -11.1.5 Obstruction Investigations. The procedures outlined -in Chapter 14 shall be followed where there is a need to con- -duct an obstruction investigation. -11.1.6 Impairments. The procedures outlined in Chapter 15 -shall be followed where an impairment to protection occurs. -11.1.7 Notification to Supervisory Service. To avoid false -alarms where a supervisory service is provided, the alarm re- -ceiving facility shall be notified by the property owner or des- -ignated representative as follows: -(1) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result -in the activation of an alarm -(2) After such tests or procedures are concluded -11.2 Inspection. Systems shall be inspected in accordance -with the frequency specified in Table 11.1.1.2. -11.2.1 Deluge Valves. Deluge valves shall be inspected in ac- -cordance with the provisions of Chapter 13. -Table 11.1.1.2 Continued -System/Component Frequency Reference -Maintenance -Foam concentrate pump operation Monthly 11.4.6.1, 11.4.7.1 -Foam concentrate strainer(s) Quarterly Section 11.4 -Foam concentrate samples Annually 11.2.10 -Proportioning system(s) standard pressure type -Ball drip (automatic type) drain valves 5 years 11.4.3.1 -Foam concentrate tank — drain and flush 10 years 11.4.3.2 -Corrosion and hydrostatic test 10 years 11.4.3.3 -Bladder tank type -Sight glass 10 years 11.4.4.1 -Foam concentrate tank — hydrostatic test 10 years 11.4.4.2 -Line type -Foam concentrate tank — corrosion and pickup pipes 10 years 11.4.5.1 -Foam concentrate tank — drain and flush 10 years 11.4.5.2 -Standard balanced pressure type -Foam concentrate pump(s) 5 years (see Note) 11.4.6.2 -Balancing valve diaphragm 5 years 11.4.6.3 -Foam concentrate tank 10 years 11.4.6.4 -In-line balanced pressure type -Foam concentrate pump(s) 5 years (see Note) 11.4.7.2 -Balancing valve diaphragm 5 years 11.4.7.3 -Foam concentrate tank 10 years 11.4.7.4 -Pressure vacuum vents 5 years 11.4.8 -Water supply tank(s) See Chapter 9 — -Fire pump(s) See Chapter 8 — -Water supply Annually 11.2.6.1 -Backflow preventer(s) See Chapter 13 — -Detector check valve(s) See Chapter 13 — -Check valve(s) See Chapter 13 — -Control valve(s) See Chapter 13 — -Deluge/preaction valves See Chapter 13 11.2.1 -Strainer(s) — mainline See Chapter 10 — -Detection system See NFPA 72 11.2.2 -Note: Also refer to manufacturer’s instructions and frequency. Maintenance intervals other than preventive -maintenance are not provided, as they depend on the results of the visual inspections and operational tests. -For foam-water systems in aircraft hangars, refer to the inspection, test, and maintenance requirements of -NFPA 409,Standard on Aircraft Hangars, Table 11.1.1. -25–39FOAM-WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -11.2.2 Automatic Detection Equipment. Automatic detection -equipment shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in -accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling -Code, to ensure that the detectors are in place, securely fas- -tened, and protected from corrosion, weather, and me- -chanical damage and that the communication wiring, con- -trol panels, or pneumatic tubing system is functional. -11.2.3 System Piping and Fittings. System piping and fittings -shall be inspected for the following: -(1) Mechanical damage (e.g., broken piping or cracked fittings) -(2) External conditions (e.g., missing or damaged paint or -coatings, rust, and corrosion) -(3) Misalignment or trapped sections -(4) Low-point drains (automatic or manual) -(5) Location and condition of rubber-gasketed fittings -11.2.4 Hangers and Supports. Hangers and supports shall be -inspected for the following and repaired or replaced as nec- -essary: -(1) Condition (e.g., missing or damaged paint or coating, rust, -and corrosion) -(2) Secure attachment to structural supports and piping -(3) Damaged or missing hangers -11.2.5* Foam-Water Discharge Devices. -11.2.5.1 Foam-water discharge devices shall be inspected -visually and maintained to ensure that they are in place, -continue to be aimed or pointed in the direction intended -in the system design, and are free from external loading -and corrosion. -11.2.5.2 Where caps or plugs are required, the inspection shall -confirm they are in place and free to operate as intended. -11.2.5.3 Misaligned discharge devices shall be adjusted (aimed) -by visual means, and the discharge patterns shall be checked at -the next scheduled flow test. -11.2.5.4* Inspection shall verify that unlisted combinations of -discharge devices and foam concentrate have not been substi- -tuted. -11.2.6 Water Supply. -11.2.6.1 The dependability of the water supply shall be ensured -by regular inspection and maintenance, whether furnished by a -municipal source, on-site storage tanks, a fire pump, or private -underground piping systems. -11.2.6.2* Water supply piping shall be maintained free of in- -ternal obstructions. -11.2.7 Strainers. -11.2.7.1 Mainline and individual discharge device strainers -(basket or screen) shall be inspected in accordance with the -provisions of Chapter 10. -11.2.7.2 Foam concentrate strainers shall be inspected visu- -ally to ensure the blow-down valve is closed and plugged. -11.2.7.3 Baskets or screens shall be removed and inspected -after each operation or flow test. -11.2.8 Drainage. The area beneath and surrounding a foam- -water spray system shall be inspected to ensure that drain- -age facilities, such as trap sumps and drainage trenches, are -not blocked and retention embankments or dikes are in -good repair. -11.2.9* Proportioning Systems. -11.2.9.1 The components of the various proportioning sys- -tems described in 11.2.9 shall be inspected in accordance with -the frequency specified in Table 11.1.1.2. -11.2.9.2 Valves specified to be checked shall be permitted to be -open or closed, depending on specific functions within each -foam-water system. -11.2.9.3 The position (open or closed) of valves shall be veri- -fied in accordance with specified operating conditions. -11.2.9.4*Inspection of the concentrate tank shall include veri- -fication that the quantity of foam concentrate satisfies the re- -quirements of the original design. -11.2.9.5 Additional inspection requirements shall be per- -formed as detailed for the proportioning systems specified in -11.2.9. -11.2.9.5.1 Standard Pressure Proportioner. -11.2.9.5.1.1*The pressure shall be removed before the inspec- -tion to prevent injury. -11.2.9.5.1.2 The inspection shall verify the following: -(1) Ball drip valves (automatic drains) are free and opened. -(2) External corrosion on foam concentrate storage tanks is -not present. -11.2.9.5.2 Bladder Tank Proportioner. -11.2.9.5.2.1*The pressure shall be removed before the inspec- -tion to prevent injury. -11.2.9.5.2.2 The inspection shall include the following: -(1) Water control valves to foam concentrate tank -(2) A check for external corrosion on foam concentrate stor- -age tanks -(3) A check for the presence of foam in the water surround- -ing the bladder (annual) -11.2.9.5.3 Line Proportioner. The inspection shall include the -following: -(1)*Strainers -(2)*Verification that pressure vacuum vent is operating freely -(3) A check for external corrosion on foam concentrate stor- -age tanks -11.2.9.5.4 Standard Balanced Pressure Proportioner. The in- -spection shall include the following: -(1)*Strainers -(2)*Verification that pressure vacuum vent is operating freely -(3) Verification that gauges are in good operating condition -(4) Verification that sensing line valves are open -(5) Verification that power is available to foam liquid pump -11.2.9.5.5 In-Line Balanced Pressure Proportioner. The in- -spection shall include the following: -(1)*Strainers -(2)*Verification that pressure vacuum vent is operating freely -(3) Verification that gauges are in good working condition -(4) Verification that sensing line valves at pump unit and in- -dividual proportioner stations are open -(5) Verification that power is available to foam liquid pump -25–40 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -11.2.9.5.6 Orifice Plate Proportioner. The inspection shall in- -clude the following: -(1)*Strainers -(2)*Verification that pressure vacuum vent is operating freely -(3) Verification that gauges are in good working condition -(4) Verification that power is available to foam liquid pump -11.2.10 Foam Concentrate Samples. Samples shall be submit- -ted in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended sam- -pling procedures. -11.3* Operational Tests. Frequency of system tests shall be in -accordance with Table 11.1.1.2. -11.3.1* Test Preparation. Precautions shall be taken to pre- -vent damage to property during the test. -11.3.1.1 Mechanical waterflow devices, including but not lim- -ited to water motor gongs, shall be tested quarterly. -11.3.1.2 Vane-type and pressure switch–type waterflow de- -vices shall be tested semiannually. -11.3.1.3 Waterflow Devices. Waterflow devices shall be in- -spected quarterly to verify that they are free of physical damage. -11.3.2* Operational Test Performance. -11.3.2.1 Operational tests shall be conducted to ensure that -the foam-water system(s) responds as designed, both auto- -matically and manually. -11.3.2.2 The test procedures shall simulate anticipated emer- -gency events so the response of the foam-water system(s) can -be evaluated. -11.3.2.3 Where discharge from the system discharge devices -would create a hazardous condition or conflict with local re- -quirements, an approved alternate method to achieve full flow -conditions shall be permitted. -11.3.2.4 Response Time. Under test conditions, the automatic -fire detection systems, when exposed to a test source, shall oper- -ate within the requirements ofNFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and -Signaling Code, for the type of detector provided, and the re- -sponse time shall be recorded. -11.3.2.5 Discharge Time. The time lapse between operation -of detection systems and water delivery time to the protected -area shall be recorded for open discharge devices. -11.3.2.6 Discharge Patterns. -11.3.2.6.1 The discharge patterns from all of the open spray -devices shall be observed to ensure that patterns are not im- -peded by plugged discharge devices and to ensure that dis- -charge devices are correctly positioned and that obstructions -do not prevent discharge patterns from covering surfaces to -be protected. -11.3.2.6.2 Where obstructions occur, the piping and dis- -charge devices shall be cleaned and the system retested. -11.3.2.6.3 Discharge devices shall be permitted to be of dif- -ferent orifice sizes and types. -11.3.2.7* Pressure Readings. -11.3.2.7.1 Pressure readings shall be recorded at the highest, -most remote discharge device. -11.3.2.7.2 A second pressure reading shall be recorded at the -main control valve. -11.3.2.7.3 Readings shall be compared to the hydraulic de- -sign pressures to ensure the original system design require- -ments are met. -11.3.3 Multiple Systems. The maximum number of systems -expected to operate in case of fire shall be tested simulta- -neously to check the adequacy of the water supply and concen- -trate pump. -11.3.4 Manual Actuation Devices. Manual actuation devices -shall be tested annually. -11.3.5 Concentration Testing. -11.3.5.1 During the full flow foam test, a foam sample shall be -taken. -11.3.5.2 The foam sample shall be checked by refractometric -or other methods to verify concentration of the solution. -11.3.5.3 Concentration shall be within 10 percent of the ac- -ceptance test results but in no case more than 10 percent be- -low minimum design standards. -11.3.6 Return to Service. After the full flow test, the foam- -water system shall be returned to service and the foam concen- -trate tank shall be replenished to design level. -11.4* Maintenance. -11.4.1 Maintenance of foam-water systems shall be in accor- -dance with the requirements of those chapters covering the -specific component parts. -11.4.2 Maintenance of specific foam components shall be in -accordance with 11.4.3 through 11.4.7. -11.4.3 Standard Pressure Proportioner. -11.4.3.1 The ball drip (automatic type) drain valves shall be -disassembled, cleaned, and reassembled. -11.4.3.2* The foam liquid storage tank shall be drained of -foam liquid and flushed. -11.4.3.3 Foam liquid shall be permitted to be salvaged and re- -used. -11.4.3.4 The foam liquid tank shall be inspected for internal -and external corrosion and hydrostatically tested to the speci- -fied working pressure. -11.4.4 Bladder Tank Proportioner. -11.4.4.1 Sight glass, where provided, shall be removed and -cleaned. -11.4.4.2* The foam concentrate tank shall be hydrostatically -tested to the specified working pressure. -11.4.5 Line Proportioner. -11.4.5.1 The foam concentrate tank shall be inspected for -internal corrosion. -11.4.5.2 Pickup pipes inside the tank shall be inspected for -corrosion, separation, or plugging. -11.4.5.3 The foam concentrate tank shall be drained and -flushed. -11.4.5.4 Foam concentrate shall be permitted to be salvaged -and reused. -25–41FOAM-WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -11.4.6 Standard Balanced Pressure Proportioner. -11.4.6.1 Pump Operation. -11.4.6.1.1 The foam concentrate pump shall be operated. -11.4.6.1.2 Foam concentrate shall be circulated back to the -tank. -11.4.6.2 Servicing. Foam pumps, drive train, and drivers shall -be serviced in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc- -tions and frequency but not at intervals of more than 5 years. -11.4.6.3 Flushing. The diaphragm balancing valve shall be -flushed through the diaphragm section with water or foam con- -centrate until fluid appears clear or new. -11.4.6.4 Corrosion and Sediment. -11.4.6.4.1 The foam concentrate tank shall be inspected in- -ternally for corrosion and sediment. -11.4.6.4.2 Excessive sediment shall require draining and -flushing of the tank. -11.4.7 In-Line Balanced Pressure Proportioner. -11.4.7.1 Pump Operation. -11.4.7.1.1 The foam concentrate pump shall be operated. -11.4.7.1.2 Foam concentrate shall be circulated back to the -tank. -11.4.7.2 Servicing. Foam pumps, drive train, and drivers shall -be serviced in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc- -tions and frequency but not at intervals of more than 5 years. -11.4.7.3 Flushing. The diaphragm balancing valve shall be -flushed through the diaphragm section with water or foam con- -centrate until fluid appears clear or new. -11.4.7.4 Corrosion and Sediment. -11.4.7.4.1 The foam concentrate tank shall be inspected in- -ternally for corrosion and sediment. -11.4.7.4.2 Excessive sediment shall require draining and -flushing of the tank. -11.4.8 Pressure Vacuum Vents. The procedures specified in -11.4.8.1 through 11.4.8.13 shall be performed on pressure -vacuum vents every 5 years. -11.4.8.1 The vent shall be removed from the expansion dome. -11.4.8.2 The vent shall be checked to ensure that the open- -ing is not blocked and that dirt or other foreign objects do not -enter the tank. -11.4.8.3 The vest bonnet shall be removed. -11.4.8.4 The vacuum valve and pressure valve shall be lifted out. -11.4.8.5 The vent body shall be flushed internally, and the -vacuum valve and the pressure valve shall be washed thor- -oughly. -11.4.8.6 The vent shall be checked to ensure that the screen -is not clogged, and the use of any hard, pointed objects to -clear the screen shall be avoided. -11.4.8.7 If the liquid has become excessively gummy or solidi- -fied, the vent body and parts shall be soaked in hot soapy water. -11.4.8.8 The vent body shall be turned upside down and -drained thoroughly. -11.4.8.9 Parts shall be dried by placing them in a warm and -dry area or by using an air hose. -11.4.8.10 Parts shall be sprayed with a light Teflon® coating, -and the vent shall be reassembled. -11.4.8.11 The use of any type of oil for lubrication purposes -shall not be permitted. -11.4.8.12 The vent bonnet shall be replaced, and the vent -shall be turned upside down slowly a few times to ensure -proper freedom of the movable parts. -11.4.8.13 The vent shall be attached to the liquid storage tank -expansion dome. -11.5 Component Action Requirements. -11.5.1 Whenever a component in a foam-water sprinkler sys- -tem is adjusted, repaired, reconditioned, or replaced, the ac- -tion required in Table 11.5.1 shall be performed. -11.5.2 Where the original installation standard is different -from the cited standard, the use of the appropriate installing -standard shall be permitted. -11.5.3 A main drain test shall be required if the system con- -trol or other upstream valve was operated in accordance with -13.3.3.4. -11.5.4 The actions of 11.5.1 through 11.5.3 shall not require a -design review, which is outside the scope of this standard. -25–42 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 11.5.1 Summary of Component Replacement Action Requirements -Component Adjust -Repair/ -Recondition Replace Required Action -Water Delivery Components -Pipe and fittings on open head system X X X Operational flow test -Pipe and fittings on closed head system X X X Hydrostatic test in conformance with NFPA 16, -Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler -and Foam-Water Spray Systems -Discharge devices X X (1) Check for leaks at system working pressure -(2) Check for impairments at orifice -Fire department connections X X X See Chapter 13 -Manual release X X X (1) Operational test -(2) Check for leaks at system working pressure -(3)Test all alarms -Valves X X X See Chapter 13 -Fire pump X X X See Chapter 8 -Foam Components -Foam concentrate strainer(s) See Chapter 13 -Proportioning system(s) X X X Conduct flow test and check proportioning by -refractometer test or equivalent -Water supply tank(s) See Chapter 9 -Foam concentrate X X Submit 1 pint (473 mL) sample for laboratory analysis -for conformance with manufacturer’s specifications -Foam concentrate pump See Chapter 8 -Ball drip (automatic type) drain valves See Chapter 13 -Foam concentrate tank X X X Inspect for condition, repair as appropriate -Bladder tank X X X Check water jacket for presence of foam concentrate -Alarm and Supervisory Components -Vane-type waterflow X X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Pressure switch–type waterflow X X X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Water motor gong X Operational test using inspector’s test connection -Valve supervisory device X Test for conformance with NFPA 16 and/or NFPA 72, -National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code -Detection system X X X Operational test for conformance with NFPA 16 -and/or NFPA 72 -Status-Indicating Components -Gauges X Verify at 0 psi (0 bar) and system working pressure -Testing and Maintenance Components -Main drain X X X Full flow main drain test -Auxiliary drains X X X Check for leaks at system working pressure -Inspector’s test connection X X X Check for leaks at system working pressure -Structural Components -Hanger/seismic bracing X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 16 and/or NFPA 13, -Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems -Pipe stands X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 16 and/or NFPA 13 -Informational Components -Valve signs X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 16 and/or NFPA 13 -Hydraulic placards X X X Check for conformance with NFPA 16 and/or NFPA 13 -25–43FOAM-WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Chapter 12 Water Mist Systems -12.1 Inspection and Testing. [750:13.2] -12.1.1 Components and Systems. [750:13.2.1] -12.1.1.1 All components and systems shall be inspected and -tested to verify that they function as intended. [750:13.2.1.1] -12.1.1.2 Water mist systems that are equipped with an addi- -tive system shall be tested with the specific additive system en- -gaged or used during the acceptance testing. [750:13.2.1.2] -12.1.2 Requirements. The components of typical water mist -systems to be inspected and tested are provided in Table -12.1.2. [750:13.2.2] -Table 12.1.2 Maintenance of Water Mist Systems -Item Task Weekly Monthly Quarterly -Semi- -annually Annually Other -Water supply Check source pressure. X -(general) Check source quality (*first year). X* X -Test source pressure, flow, quantity, -duration. -X -Water storage tanks Check water level (unsupervised). X -Check water level (supervised). X -Check sight glass valves are open. X -Check tank gauges, pressure. X -Check all valves, appurtenances. X -Drain tank, inspect interior, and refill. X -Inspect tank condition (corrosion). X -Check water quality. X -Check water temperature Extreme -weather -Water storage cylinder Check water level (load cells). X -(high pressure) Check water level (unsupervised). X -Check support frame/restraints. X -Check vent plugs at refilling. X -Check cylinder pressure on discharge. X -Inspect filters on refill connection X -Additive storage cylinders Inspect general condition, corrosion. X -Check quantity of additive agent. X -Test quality of additive agent. X -Test additive injection, full discharge -test. -X -Water recirculation tank Check water level (unsupervised). X -Check water level (supervised). X -Inspect supports, attachments. X -Test low water level alarm. X -Check water quality, drain, flush and -refill. -X -Test operation of float operated valve. X -Test pressure at outlet during -discharge. -X -Test backflow prevention device (if -present). -X -Inspect and clean filters, strainers, -cyclone separator. -X -Compressed gas cylinders Inspect support frame and cylinder -restraints. -X -Check cylinder pressure -(unsupervised). -X -Check cylinder pressure (supervised). X -Check cylinder control valve is open. X -Check cylinder capacity and pressure -rating. -X -25–44 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 12.1.2 Continued -Item Task Weekly Monthly Quarterly -Semi- -annually Annually Other -Check cylinder compliance -specification. -X -Confirm compressed gas meets -specifications (moisture, cylinder -pressure). -X -Hydrostatic test cylinders 5–12 years -Plant air, compressors, and Check air pressure (unsupervised). X -receivers Check air pressure (supervised). X -Start compressor. X -Check compressor/receiver capacity, -changes. -X -Check compressed air moisture -content. -X -Clean filters, moisture traps. X -Test full capacity, duration, and any -changes in other demands. -X -Pumps and drivers Inspection, testing, and maintenance -shall be in accordance with the -requirements of NFPA 20,Standard -for the Installation of Stationary Pumps -for Fire Protection, and NFPA 25. -XX X X X -Standby pump Inspect moisture trap, oil injection -(pneumatic). -X -Check compressed gas supply, inlet -air pressure. -X -Check outlet water (standby) -pressure. -X -Test start/stop pressure settings for -standby pressure. -X -Pneumatic valves Check cylinder valves, master release -valves. -X -Inspect all tubing associated with -release valves. -X -Test solenoid release of master -release valve. -X -Test manual release of master release -valve. -X -Test operation of slave valves. X -Reset all pneumatic cylinder release -valves. -X -Test on-off cycling of valves intended -to cycle. -X -System control valves Inspection, testing, and maintenance -shall be in accordance with the -requirements of NFPA 25. -XX X X X -Control equipment Inspection, testing, and maintenance -shall be in accordance with the -requirements ofNFPA 72, National -Fire Alarm and Signaling Code. -continues -25–45WATER MIST SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 12.1.2 Continued -Item Task Weekly Monthly Quarterly -Semi- -annually Annually Other -Water mist system piping -and nozzles -Inspection, testing, and maintenance -shall be in accordance with -NFPA 25. -Inspect sample of nozzle screens and -strainers(see 10.5.1.4 of NFPA 750). -X X X X X After -discharge -Enclosure features, -interlocks -Inspect enclosure integrity. X -Ventilation Test interlocked systems (e.g., -ventilation shutdown). -X -Test shutdown of fuel/lubrication -systems. -X -[750: Table 13.2.2] -12.1.3 Frequencies. The frequency of inspections and tests shall -be in accordance with Table 12.1.2 or as specified in the manu- -facturer’s listing, whichever is more frequent. [750:13.2.3] -12.1.4* Restoration. Following tests of components or portions -of water mist systems that require valves to be opened or closed, -the system shall be returned to service, with verification that all -valves are restored to their normal operating position, that the -water has been drained from all low points, that screens and fil- -ters have been checked and cleaned, and that plugs or caps for -auxiliary drains or test valves have been replaced. [750:13.2.4] -12.1.5 Specialized Equipment. Specialized equipment re- -quired for testing shall be in accordance with the manufactur- -er’s specifications. [750:13.2.5] -12.1.6 High Pressure Cylinders. High pressure cylinders used -in water mist systems shall not be recharged without a hydro- -static test (and remarking) if more than 5 years have elapsed -from the date of the last test. Cylinders that have been in con- -tinuous service without discharging shall be permitted to be -retained in service for a maximum of 12 years, after which they -shall be discharged and retested before being returned to ser- -vice. [750:13.2.6] -12.2 Maintenance. [750:13.3] -12.2.1 Maintenance shall be performed to keep the system -equipment operable or to make repairs. [750:13.3.1] -12.2.1.1 Mechanical waterflow devices, including but not lim- -ited to water motor gongs, shall be tested quarterly. -12.2.1.2 Vane-type and pressure switch–type waterflow de- -vices shall be tested semiannually. -12.2.1.3 Waterflow devices shall be inspected quarterly to -verify that they are free of physical damage. -12.2.2 As-built system installation drawings, original acceptance -test records, and device manufacturer’s maintenance bulletins -shall be retained to assist in the proper care of the system and its -components. [750:13.3.2] -12.2.3 Preventive maintenance includes, but is not limited to, -lubricating control valve stems, adjusting packing glands on -valves and pumps, bleeding moisture and condensation from air -compressors and air lines, and cleaning strainers. [750:13.3.3] -12.2.4 Scheduled maintenance shall be performed as out- -lined in Table 12.2.4. [750:13.3.4] -12.2.5 Corrective maintenance includes, but is not limited to, -replacing loaded, corroded, or painted nozzles, replacing miss- -ing or loose pipe hangers, cleaning clogged fire pumps, replac- -ing valve seats and gaskets, and restoring heat in areas subject to -freezing temperatures where water-filled piping is installed. -[750:13.3.5] -12.2.6 Emergency maintenance includes, but is not limited -to, repairs due to piping failures caused by freezing or impact -damage, repairs to broken water mains, and replacement of -frozen or fused nozzles, defective electric power, or alarm and -detection system wiring. [750:13.3.6] -12.2.7 Specific maintenance activities, where applicable to the -type of water mist system, shall be performed in accordance with -the schedules in Table 12.2.4. [750:13.3.7] -12.2.8 Replacement components shall be in accordance with -the manufacturer’s specifications and the original system de- -sign. [750:13.3.8] -12.2.9 Spare components shall be accessible and shall be -stored in a manner to prevent damage or contamination. -[750:13.3.9] -12.2.10* After each system operation, a representative sample -of operated water mist nozzles in the activated zone shall be -inspected. [750:13.3.10] -12.2.11 After each system operation due to fire, the system -filters and strainers shall be cleaned or replaced. [750:13.3.11] -Table 12.2.4 Maintenance Frequencies -Item Activity Frequency -Water tank Drain and refill Annually -System Flushing Annually -Strainers and -filters -Clean or replace as -required -After system -operation -[750: Table 13.3.4] -25–46 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -12.3 Training. -12.3.1 All persons who might be expected to inspect, test, main- -tain, or operate water mist systems shall be trained thoroughly in -the functions they are expected to perform. [750:13.4.1] -12.3.2 Refresher training shall be provided as recommended -by the manufacturer or by the authority having jurisdiction. -[750:13.4.2] -Chapter 13 Valves, Valve Components, and Trim -13.1* General. -13.1.1 Minimum Requirements. -13.1.1.1 This chapter shall provide the minimum require- -ments for the routine inspection, testing, and maintenance of -valves, valve components, and trim. -13.1.1.2 Table 13.1.1.2 shall be used to determine the mini- -mum required frequencies for inspection, testing, and main- -tenance. -13.2 General Provisions. -13.2.1 The property owner or designated representative shall -have manufacturers’ literature available to provide specific in- -structions for inspecting, testing, and maintaining the valves -and associated equipment. -13.2.2 All pertinent personnel, departments, authorities hav- -ing jurisdiction, or agencies shall be notified that testing or -maintenance of the valve and associated alarms is to be con- -ducted. -13.2.3* All system valves shall be protected from physical dam- -age and shall be accessible. -13.2.4 Before opening a test or drain valve, it shall be verified -that adequate provisions have been made for drainage. -13.2.5* Main Drain Test. A main drain test shall be conducted -annually at each water-based fire protection system riser to deter- -mine whether there has been a change in the condition of the -water supply piping and control valves.(See also 13.3.3.4.) -13.2.5.1 In systems where the sole water supply is through a -backflow preventer and/or pressure reducing valves, the main -drain test of at least one system downstream of the device shall -be conducted on a quarterly basis. -13.2.5.2 When there is a 10 percent reduction in full flow -pressure when compared to the original acceptance test or -previously performed tests, the cause of the reduction shall be -identified and corrected if necessary. -13.2.6 Alarm Devices. -13.2.6.1 Mechanical waterflow devices, including but not lim- -ited to water motor gongs, shall be tested quarterly. -13.2.6.2 Vane-type and pressure switch–type waterflow de- -vices shall be tested semiannually. -13.2.7 Gauges. -13.2.7.1 Gauges shall be inspected monthly to verify that they -are in good condition and that normal pressure is being main- -tained. -13.2.7.1.1 Where other sections of this standard have differ- -ent frequency requirements for specific gauges, those require- -ments shall be used. -13.2.7.2 Gauges shall be replaced every 5 years or tested every -5 years by comparison with a calibrated gauge. -13.2.7.3 Gauges not accurate to within 3 percent of the full -scale shall be recalibrated or replaced. -13.2.8 Records. Records shall be maintained in accordance -with Section 4.3. -13.3 Control Valves in Water-Based Fire Protection Systems. -13.3.1* Each control valve shall be identified and have a sign -indicating the system or portion of the system it controls. -13.3.1.1 Systems that have more than one control valve that -must be closed to work on a system shall have a sign on each -affected valve referring to the existence and location of other -valves. -13.3.1.2* When a normally open valve is closed, the proce- -dures established in Chapter 15 shall be followed. -13.3.1.2.1 When the valve is returned to service, a drain test -(either main or sectional drain, as appropriate) shall be con- -ducted to determine that the valve is open. -13.3.1.3 Each normally open valve shall be secured by means -of a seal or a lock or shall be electrically supervised in accor- -dance with the applicable NFPA standards. -13.3.1.4 Normally closed valves shall be secured by means of -a seal or shall be electrically supervised in accordance with the -applicable NFPA standard. -13.3.1.5 Sealing or electrical supervision shall not be re- -quired for hose valves. -13.3.2 Inspection. -13.3.2.1 All valves shall be inspected weekly. -13.3.2.1.1 Valves secured with locks or supervised in accor- -dance with applicable NFPA standards shall be permitted to be -inspected monthly. -13.3.2.1.2 After any alterations or repairs, an inspection shall -be made by the property owner or designated representative -to ensure that the system is in service and all valves are in the -normal position and properly sealed, locked, or electrically -supervised. -13.3.2.2* The valve inspection shall verify that the valves are in -the following condition: -(1) In the normal open or closed position -(2)*Sealed, locked, or supervised -(3) Accessible -(4) Provided with correct wrenches -(5) Free from external leaks -(6) Provided with applicable identification -13.3.3 Testing. -13.3.3.1 Each control valve shall be operated annually -through its full range and returned to its normal position. -13.3.3.2* Post indicator valves shall be opened until spring or -torsion is felt in the rod, indicating that the rod has not become -detached from the valve. -25–47VALVES, VALVE COMPONENTS, AND TRIM -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 13.1.1.2 Summary of Valves, Valve Components, and Trim Inspection, Testing, -and Maintenance -Item Frequency Reference -Inspection -Control Valves -Sealed Weekly 13.3.2.1 -Locked Monthly 13.3.2.1.1 -Tamper switches Monthly 13.3.2.1.1 -Alarm Valves -Exterior Monthly 13.4.1.1 -Interior 5 years 13.4.1.2 -Strainers, filters, orifices 5 years 13.4.1.2 -Check Valves -Interior 5 years 13.4.2.1 -Preaction/Deluge Valves -Enclosure (during cold weather) Daily/weekly 13.4.3.1 -Exterior Monthly 13.4.3.1.6 -Interior Annually/5 years 13.4.3.1.7 -Strainers, filters, orifices 5 years 13.4.3.1.8 -Dry Pipe Valves/ Quick-Opening -Devices -Gauges Weekly/monthly 13.4.4.1.2.4, -13.4.4.1.2.5 -Enclosure (during cold weather) Daily/weekly 13.4.4.1.1 -Exterior Monthly 13.4.4.1.4 -Interior Annually 13.4.4.1.5 -Strainers, filters, orifices 5 years 13.4.4.1.6 -Pressure Reducing and Relief Valves -Sprinkler systems Quarterly 13.5.1.1 -Hose connections Annually 13.5.2.1 -Hose racks Annually 13.5.3.1 -Fire Pumps -Casing relief valves Weekly 13.5.7.1, 13.5.7.1.1 -Pressure relief valves Weekly 13.5.7.2, 13.5.7.2.1 -Backflow Prevention Assemblies -Reduced pressure Weekly/monthly 13.6.1 -Reduced pressure detectors Weekly/monthly 13.6.1 -Fire Department Connections Quarterly 13.7.1 -Testing -Main Drains Annually/quarterly 13.2.5, 13.2.5.1, -13.3.3.4 -Waterflow Alarms Quarterly/semiannually 13.2.6 -Control Valves -Position Annually 13.3.3.1 -Operation Annually 13.3.3.1 -Supervisory Semiannually 13.3.3.5 -Preaction/Deluge Valves -Priming water Quarterly 13.4.3.2.1 -Low air pressure alarms Quarterly/annually 13.4.3.2.13, -13.4.3.2.14 -Full flow Annually 13.4.3.2.2 -25–48 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -13.3.3.2.1 This test shall be conducted every time the valve is -closed. -13.3.3.3 Post indicator and outside screw and yoke valves -shall be backed a one-quarter turn from the fully open posi- -tion to prevent jamming. -13.3.3.4 A main drain test shall be conducted any time the -control valve is closed and reopened at system riser. -13.3.3.5* Supervisory Switches. -13.3.3.5.1 Valve supervisory switches shall be tested semian- -nually. -13.3.3.5.2 A distinctive signal shall indicate movement from -the valve’s normal position during either the first two revolu- -tions of a hand wheel or when the stem of the valve has moved -one-fifth of the distance from its normal position. -13.3.3.5.3 The signal shall not be restored at any valve posi- -tion except the normal position. -13.3.4 Maintenance. -13.3.4.1 The operating stems of outside screw and yoke valves -shall be lubricated annually. -13.3.4.2 The valve then shall be completely closed and re- -opened to test its operation and distribute the lubricant. -13.4 System Valves. -13.4.1 Inspection of Alarm Valves. Alarm valves shall be in- -spected as described in 13.4.1.1 and 13.4.1.2. -13.4.1.1* Alarm valves and system riser check valves shall be -externally inspected monthly and shall verify the following: -(1) The gauges indicate normal supply water pressure is be- -ing maintained. -(2) The valve is free of physical damage. -(3) All valves are in the appropriate open or closed position. -(4) The retarding chamber or alarm drains are not leaking. -13.4.1.2* Alarm valves and their associated strainers, filters, -and restriction orifices shall be inspected internally every -5 years unless tests indicate a greater frequency is necessary. -13.4.1.3 Maintenance. -13.4.1.3.1 Internal components shall be cleaned/repaired as -necessary in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. -13.4.1.3.2 The system shall be returned to service in accor- -dance with the manufacturer’s instructions. -13.4.2 Check Valves. -13.4.2.1 Inspection. Valves shall be inspected internally every -5 years to verify that all components operate correctly, move -freely, and are in good condition. -13.4.2.2 Maintenance. Internal components shall be cleaned, -repaired, or replaced as necessary in accordance with the -manufacturer’s instructions. -13.4.3 Preaction Valves and Deluge Valves. -13.4.3.1 Inspection. -13.4.3.1.1 Valve enclosure heating equipment for preaction -and deluge valves subject to freezing shall be inspected daily -during cold weather for its ability to maintain a minimum tem- -perature of at least 40°F (4.4°C). -13.4.3.1.1.1 Valve enclosures equipped with low temperature -alarms shall be inspected weekly. -13.4.3.1.2 Low temperature alarms, if installed in valve enclo- -sures, shall be inspected annually at the beginning of the heat- -ing season. -13.4.3.1.3 Gauges shall be inspected weekly. -Table 13.1.1.2 Continued -Item Frequency Reference -Dry Pipe Valves/ Quick-Opening -Devices -Priming water Quarterly 13.4.4.2.1 -Low air pressure alarm Quarterly 13.4.4.2.6 -Quick-opening devices Quarterly 13.4.4.2.4 -Trip test Annually 13.4.4.2.2 -Full flow trip test 3 years 13.4.4.2.2.2 -Pressure Reducing and Relief Valves -Sprinkler systems 5 years 13.5.1.2 -Circulation relief Annually 13.5.7.1.2 -Pressure relief valves Annually 13.5.7.2.2 -Hose connections 5 years 13.5.2.2 -Hose racks 5 years 13.5.3.2 -Backflow Prevention Assemblies Annually 13.6.2 -Maintenance -Control Valves Annually 13.3.4 -Preaction/Deluge Valves Annually 13.4.3.3.2 -Dry Pipe Valves/ Quick-Opening -Devices -Annually 13.4.4.3 -25–49VALVES, VALVE COMPONENTS, AND TRIM -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -13.4.3.1.3.1 The gauge on the supply side of the preaction or -deluge valve shall indicate that the normal supply water pres- -sure is being maintained. -13.4.3.1.4 The gauge monitoring the preaction system supervi- -sory air pressure, if provided, shall be inspected monthly to verify -that it indicates that normal pressure is being maintained. -13.4.3.1.5 The gauge monitoring the detection system pres- -sure, if provided, shall be tested monthly to verify that it indi- -cates that normal pressure is being maintained. -13.4.3.1.6 The preaction or deluge valve shall be externally -inspected monthly to verify the following: -(1) The valve is free from physical damage. -(2) All trim valves are in the appropriate open or closed posi- -tion. -(3) The valve seat is not leaking. -(4) Electrical components are in service. -13.4.3.1.7 The interior of the preaction or deluge valve and -the condition of detection devices shall be inspected annually -when the trip test is conducted. -13.4.3.1.7.1 Internal inspection of valves that can be reset -without removal of a faceplate shall be permitted to be con- -ducted every 5 years. -13.4.3.1.8 Strainers, filters, restricted orifices, and dia- -phragm chambers shall be inspected internally every 5 years -unless tests indicate a greater frequency is necessary. -13.4.3.2 Testing. -13.4.3.2.1* The priming water level in supervised preaction -systems shall be tested quarterly for compliance with the -manufacturer’s instructions. -13.4.3.2.2* Each deluge valve shall be trip tested annually at -full flow in warm weather and in accordance with the manu- -facturer’s instructions. -13.4.3.2.2.1 Protection shall be provided for any devices or -equipment subject to damage by system discharge during tests. -13.4.3.2.2.2* Where the nature of the protected property is -such that water cannot be discharged for test purposes, the -trip test shall be conducted in a manner that does not necessi- -tate discharge in the protected area. -13.4.3.2.2.3 Where the nature of the protected property is such -that water cannot be discharged unless protected equipment is -shut down (e.g., energized electrical equipment), a full flow sys- -tem test shall be conducted at the next scheduled shutdown. -13.4.3.2.2.4 The full flow test frequency shall not exceed -3 years. -13.4.3.2.2.5 The water discharge patterns from all of the -open spray nozzles or sprinklers shall be observed to ensure -that patterns are not impeded by plugged nozzles, that nozzles -are correctly positioned, and that obstructions do not prevent -discharge patterns from wetting surfaces to be protected. -(A) Where the nature of the protected property is such that -water cannot be discharged, the nozzles or open sprinklers shall -be inspected for correct orientation and the system tested with -air to ensure that the nozzles are not obstructed. -(B) Where obstructions occur, the piping and sprinklers or -nozzles shall be cleaned and the system retested. -13.4.3.2.3 Except for preaction systems covered by 13.4.3.2.5, -every 3 years the preaction valve shall be trip tested with the -control valve fully open. -13.4.3.2.4 During those years when full flow testing in accor- -dance with 13.4.3.2.3 is not required, the preaction valve shall -be trip tested with the control valve partially open. -13.4.3.2.5 Preaction or deluge valves protecting freezers shall -be trip tested in a manner that does not introduce moisture -into the piping in the freezer. -13.4.3.2.6 Preaction systems shall be tested once every 3 years -for air leakage, using one of the following test methods: -(1) A pressure test at 40 psi (3.2 bar) for 2 hours. The system -shall be permitted to lose up to 3 psi (0.2 bar) during the -duration of the test. Air leaks shall be addressed if the -system loses more than 3 psi (0.2 bar) during this test. -(2) With the system at normal system pressure, shut off the air -source (compressor or shop air) for 4 hours. If the low air -pressure alarm goes off within this period, the air leaks -shall be addressed. -13.4.3.2.7 Pressure Readings. -13.4.3.2.7.1 Pressure readings shall be recorded at the hy- -draulically most remote nozzle or sprinkler. -13.4.3.2.7.2 A second pressure reading shall be recorded at -the deluge valve. -13.4.3.2.7.3 These readings shall be compared to the hydrau- -lic design pressures to ensure the original system design re- -quirements are met by the water supply. -13.4.3.2.7.4 Where the hydraulically most remote nozzle or -sprinkler is inaccessible, nozzles or sprinklers in other than -foam-water systems shall be permitted to be checked visually -without taking a pressure reading on the most remote nozzle -or sprinkler. -13.4.3.2.7.5 Where the reading taken at the riser indicates -that the water supply has deteriorated, a gauge shall be placed -on the hydraulically most remote nozzle or sprinkler and the -results compared with the required design pressure. -13.4.3.2.8 Multiple Systems. The maximum number of sys- -tems expected to operate in case of fire shall be tested simul- -taneously to check the adequacy of the water supply. -13.4.3.2.9 Manual Operation. Manual actuation devices shall -be operated annually. -13.4.3.2.10 Return to Service. After the full flow test, the sys- -tem shall be returned to service in accordance with the manu- -facturer’s instructions. -13.4.3.2.11 Grease or other sealing materials shall not be ap- -plied to the seating surfaces of preaction or deluge valves. -13.4.3.2.12* Records indicating the date the preaction or del- -uge valve was last tripped and the tripping time, as well as the -individual and organization conducting the test, shall be -maintained at a location or in a manner readily available for -review by the authority having jurisdiction. -25–50 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -13.4.3.2.13 Low air pressure alarms, if provided, shall be -tested quarterly in accordance with the manufacturer’s in- -structions. -13.4.3.2.14 Low temperature alarms, if installed in valve en- -closures, shall be tested annually at the beginning of the heat- -ing season. -13.4.3.2.15 Automatic air pressure maintenance devices, if -provided, shall be tested yearly at the time of the annual pre- -action or deluge valve trip test, in accordance with the manu- -facturer’s instructions. -13.4.3.3 Maintenance. -13.4.3.3.1 Leaks causing drops in supervisory pressure suffi- -cient to sound warning alarms, and electrical malfunctions -causing alarms to sound, shall be located and repaired. -13.4.3.3.2 During the annual trip test, the interior of the pre- -action or deluge valve shall be cleaned thoroughly and the -parts replaced or repaired as necessary. -13.4.3.3.2.1 Interior cleaning and parts replacement or re- -pair shall be permitted every 5 years for valves that can be reset -without removal of a faceplate. -13.4.3.3.3* Auxiliary drains in preaction or deluge systems -shall be operated after each system operation and before the -onset of freezing conditions (and thereafter as needed). -13.4.3.3.4 Additional maintenance as required by the manu- -facturer’s instructions shall be provided. -13.4.4 Dry Pipe Valves/Quick-Opening Devices. -13.4.4.1 Inspection. -13.4.4.1.1 Valve enclosure heating equipment shall be in- -spected daily during cold weather for its ability to maintain a -minimum temperature of at least 40°F (4°C). -13.4.4.1.1.1 Valve enclosures equipped with low temperature -alarms shall be inspected weekly. -13.4.4.1.1.2 Low temperature alarms, if installed in valve en- -closures, shall be inspected annually at the beginning of the -heating season. -13.4.4.1.2 Gauges shall be inspected weekly. -13.4.4.1.2.1 The gauge on the supply side of the dry pipe -valve shall indicate that the normal supply water pressure is -being maintained. -13.4.4.1.2.2 The gauge on the system side of the dry pipe -valve shall indicate that the proper ratio of air or nitrogen -pressure to water supply pressure is being maintained in accor- -dance with the manufacturer’s instructions. -13.4.4.1.2.3* The gauge on the quick-opening device, if pro- -vided, shall indicate the same pressure as the gauge on the -system side of the dry pipe valve. -13.4.4.1.2.4 Gauges on systems with low air or nitrogen pres- -sure alarms shall be inspected monthly. -13.4.4.1.2.5 Gauges on systems other than those with low air -or nitrogen pressure alarms shall be inspected weekly. -13.4.4.1.3 Systems with auxiliary drains shall require a sign at -the dry or preaction valve indicating the number of auxiliary -drains and location of each individual drain. -13.4.4.1.4 The dry pipe valve shall be externally inspected -monthly to verify the following: -(1) The valve is free of physical damage. -(2) All trim valves are in the appropriate open or closed posi- -tion. -(3) The intermediate chamber is not leaking. -13.4.4.1.5 The interior of the dry pipe valve shall be in- -spected annually when the trip test is conducted. -13.4.4.1.6 Strainers, filters, and restricted orifices shall be in- -spected internally every 5 years unless tests indicate a greater -frequency is necessary. -13.4.4.2 Testing. -13.4.4.2.1* The priming water level shall be tested quarterly. -13.4.4.2.2* Each dry pipe valve shall be trip tested annually -during warm weather. -13.4.4.2.2.1 Dry pipe valves protecting freezers shall be trip -tested in a manner that does not introduce moisture into the -piping in the freezers. -13.4.4.2.2.2* Every 3 years and whenever the system is altered, -the dry pipe valve shall be trip tested with the control valve fully -open and the quick-opening device, if provided, in service. -13.4.4.2.2.3* During those years when full flow testing in ac- -cordance with 13.4.4.2.2.2 is not required, each dry pipe valve -shall be trip tested with the control valve partially open. -13.4.4.2.3 Grease or other sealing materials shall not be ap- -plied to the seating surfaces of dry pipe valves. -13.4.4.2.4* Quick-opening devices, if provided, shall be tested -quarterly. -13.4.4.2.5 A tag or card that shows the date on which the -dry pipe valve was last tripped, and the name of the person -and organization conducting the test, shall be attached to -the valve. -13.4.4.2.5.1 Separate records of initial air and water pressure, -tripping air pressure, and dry pipe valve operating conditions -shall be maintained on the premises for comparison with pre- -vious test results. -13.4.4.2.5.2 Records of tripping time shall be maintained for -full flow trip tests. -13.4.4.2.6 Low air pressure alarms, if provided, shall be -tested quarterly in accordance with the manufacturer’s in- -structions. -13.4.4.2.7 Low temperature alarms, if installed in valve enclo- -sures, shall be tested annually at the beginning of the heating -season. -13.4.4.2.8 Automatic air pressure maintenance devices, if -provided, shall be tested annually during the dry pipe valve -trip test in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc- -tions. -25–51VALVES, VALVE COMPONENTS, AND TRIM -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -13.4.4.2.9 Dry pipe systems shall be tested once every 3 years -for air leakage, using one of the following test methods: -(1) A pressure test at 40 psi (3.2 bar) shall be performed for -2 hours. -(a) The system shall be permitted to lose up to 3 psi -(0.2 bar) during the duration of the test. -(b) Air leaks shall be addressed if the system loses more -than 3 psi (0.2 bar) during this test. -(2) With the system at normal system pressure, the air source -(compressor or shop air) shall be shut off for 4 hours. If -the low air pressure alarm goes off within this period, the -air leaks shall be addressed. -13.4.4.3 Maintenance. -13.4.4.3.1 During the annual trip test, the interior of the dry -pipe valve shall be cleaned thoroughly, and parts replaced or -repaired as necessary. -13.4.4.3.2* Auxiliary drains in dry pipe sprinkler systems shall -be drained after each operation of the system, before the on- -set of freezing weather conditions, and thereafter as needed. -13.5 Pressure Reducing Valves and Relief Valves. -13.5.1 Inspection and Testing of Sprinkler Pressure Reducing -Valves. Sprinkler pressure reducing valves shall be inspected -and tested as described in 13.5.1.1 and 13.5.1.2. -13.5.1.1 All valves shall be inspected quarterly to verify that -the valves are in the following condition: -(1) In the open position -(2) Not leaking -(3) Maintaining downstream pressures in accordance with -the design criteria -(4) In good condition, with handwheels installed and -unbroken -13.5.1.2* A full flow test shall be conducted on each valve at -5-year intervals and shall be compared to previous test results. -13.5.1.2.1 Adjustments shall be made in accordance with the -manufacturer’s instructions. -13.5.1.3 A partial flow test adequate to move the valve from its -seat shall be conducted annually. -13.5.2 Hose Connection Pressure Reducing Valves. -13.5.2.1 All valves shall be inspected annually to verify the -following: -(1) The handwheel is not broken or missing. -(2) The outlet hose threads are not damaged. -(3) No leaks are present. -(4) The reducer and the cap are not missing. -13.5.2.2* A full flow test shall be conducted on each valve at -5-year intervals and shall be compared to previous test results. -13.5.2.2.1 Adjustments shall be made in accordance with the -manufacturer’s instructions. -13.5.2.3 A partial flow test adequate to move the valve from its -seat shall be conducted annually. -13.5.3 Hose Rack Assembly Pressure Reducing Valves. -13.5.3.1 All valves shall be inspected annually to verify the -following: -(1) The handwheel is not missing or broken. -(2) No leaks are present. -13.5.3.2 A full flow test shall be conducted on each valve at -5-year intervals and compared to previous test results. -13.5.3.2.1 Adjustments shall be made in accordance with the -manufacturer’s instructions. -13.5.3.3 A partial flow test adequate to move the valve from its -seat shall be conducted annually. -13.5.4 Master Pressure Reducing Valves. -13.5.4.1* Valves shall be inspected weekly to verify that the -valves are in the following condition: -(1)*The downstream pressures are maintained in accordance -with the design criteria. -(2) The supply pressure is in accordance with the design cri- -teria. -(3) The valves are not leaking. -(4) The valve and trim are in good condition. -13.5.4.2* A partial flow test adequate to move the valve from its -seat shall be conducted quarterly. -13.5.4.3* A full flow test shall be conducted on each valve an- -nually and shall be compared to previous test results. -13.5.4.4 When valve adjustments are necessary, they shall be -made in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. -13.5.5 Pressure Reducing Valves. -13.5.5.1 All pressure reducing valves installed on fire protec- -tion systems not covered by 13.5.1, 13.5.2, 13.5.3, or 13.5.4 -shall be inspected in accordance with 13.5.1.1. -13.5.5.2 All pressure reducing valves installed on fire protec- -tion systems not covered by 13.5.1, 13.5.2, 13.5.3, or 13.5.4 -shall be tested in accordance with 13.5.1.2. -13.5.6 Hose Valves. -13.5.6.1 Inspection. -13.5.6.1.1 Hose valves shall be inspected quarterly. -13.5.6.1.2 Hose valves shall be inspected to ensure that hose -caps are in place and not damaged. -13.5.6.1.3 Hose threads shall be inspected for damage. -13.5.6.1.4 Valve handles shall be present and not damaged. -13.5.6.1.5 Gaskets shall be inspected for damage or deterio- -ration. -13.5.6.1.6 Hose valves shall be inspected for leaks. -13.5.6.1.7 Hose valves shall be inspected to ensure no ob- -structions are present. -13.5.6.1.8 Hose valves shall be inspected to ensure that re- -stricting devices are present. -13.5.6.2 Testing. -13.5.6.2.1* Class I and Class III standpipe system hose valves -shall be tested annually by opening and closing the valves. -13.5.6.2.1.1 Class I and Class III standpipe system hose valves -that are difficult to operate or leak shall be repaired or re- -placed. -13.5.6.2.2* Hose valves on hose stations attached to sprinkler -systems and Class II standpipe systems shall be tested every 3 -years by opening and closing the valves. -25–52 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -13.5.6.2.2.1 Hose valves on hose stations attached to sprin- -kler systems and Class II standpipe systems that are difficult to -operate or leak shall be repaired or replaced. -13.5.6.3 Maintenance. Hose valves that do not operate -smoothly or open fully shall be lubricated, repaired, or replaced. -13.5.7 Fire Pump Pressure Relief Valves. -13.5.7.1 All circulation relief valves shall be inspected weekly. -13.5.7.1.1 The inspection shall verify that water flows through -the valve when the fire pump is operating at shutoff pressure (i.e., -churn) to prevent the pump from overheating. -13.5.7.1.2 During the annual fire pump test, the closure of -the circulation relief valve shall be verified to be in accordance -with the manufacturer’s specifications. -13.5.7.2 All pressure relief valves shall be inspected weekly. -13.5.7.2.1 The inspection shall verify that the pressure down- -stream of the relief valve fittings in the fire pump discharge -piping does not exceed the pressure for which the system com- -ponents are rated. -13.5.7.2.2 During the annual fire pump flow test, the pressure -relief valve shall be verified to be correctly adjusted and set to -relieve at the correct pressure and to close below that pressure -setting. -13.5.8 Maintenance. All damaged or missing components -noted during the inspections specified in 13.5.6.1 through -13.5.6.2.2 shall be repaired or replaced in accordance with the -manufacturer’s instructions. -13.6 Backflow Prevention Assemblies. -13.6.1 Inspection. Inspection of backflow prevention assem- -blies shall be as described in 13.6.1.1 through 13.6.1.2.2. -13.6.1.1 The double check assembly (DCA) valves and -double check detector assembly (DCDA) valves shall be in- -spected weekly to ensure that the OS&Y isolation valves are in -the normal open position. -13.6.1.1.1 Valves secured with locks or electrically supervised -in accordance with applicable NFPA standards shall be in- -spected monthly. -13.6.1.2* Reduced pressure assemblies (RPA) and reduced pres- -sure detector assemblies (RPDA) shall be inspected weekly to -ensure that the differential-sensing valve relief port is not con- -tinuously discharging and the OS&Y isolation valves are in the -normal open position. -13.6.1.2.1 Valves secured with locks or electrically supervised -in accordance with applicable NFPA standards shall be in- -spected monthly. -13.6.1.2.2 After any testing or repair, an inspection by the -property owner or designated representative shall be made to -ensure that the system is in service and all isolation valves are -in the normal open position and properly locked or electri- -cally supervised. -13.6.2 Testing. -13.6.2.1* All backflow preventers installed in fire protection -system piping shall be tested annually by conducting a forward -flow test of the system at the designed flow rate, including hose -stream demand, where hydrants or inside hose stations are -located downstream of the backflow preventer. -13.6.2.1.1 For backflow preventers sized 2 in. (50 mm) and -under, the forward flow test shall be acceptable to conduct -without measuring flow, where the test outlet is of a size to flow -the system demand. -13.6.2.1.2 Where water rationing is enforced during shortages -lasting more than 1 year, an internal inspection of the backflow -preventer to ensure the check valves will fully open shall be per- -mitted in lieu of conducting the annual forward flow test. -13.6.2.1.3 Where connections do not permit a full flow test, -tests shall be completed at the maximum flow rate possible. -13.6.2.1.4 The forward flow test shall not be required where -annual fire pump testing causes the system demand to flow -through the backflow preventer device. -13.6.2.2 Where connections do not permit a full flow test, -tests shall be conducted at the maximum flow rate possible. -13.6.3 Maintenance. -13.6.3.1 Maintenance of all backflow prevention assemblies -shall be conducted by a trained individual following the manu- -facturer’s instructions in accordance with the procedure and -policies of the authority having jurisdiction. -13.6.3.2 Rubber parts shall be replaced in accordance with -the frequency required by the authority having jurisdiction -and the manufacturer’s instructions. -13.7 Fire Department Connections. -13.7.1 Fire department connections shall be inspected quar- -terly to verify the following: -(1) The fire department connections are visible and accessible. -(2) Couplings or swivels are not damaged and rotate -smoothly. -(3) Plugs or caps are in place and undamaged. -(4) Gaskets are in place and in good condition. -(5) Identification signs are in place. -(6) The check valve is not leaking. -(7) The automatic drain valve is in place and operating prop- -erly. -(8) The fire department connection clapper(s) is in place -and operating properly. -13.7.2 If fire department connection plugs or caps are not in -place, the interior of the connection shall be inspected for -obstructions, and it shall be verified that the fire department -connection clapper is operational over its full range. -13.7.3 Components shall be repaired or replaced as neces- -sary in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. -13.7.4 Any obstructions that are present shall be removed. -13.8 Component Testing Requirements. -13.8.1 Whenever a valve, valve component, and/or valve trim -is adjusted, repaired, reconditioned, or replaced, the action -required in Table 13.8.1 shall be performed. -13.8.2 Where the original installation standard is different -from the cited standard, the use of the appropriate installing -standard shall be permitted. -13.8.3 A main drain test shall be conducted in accordance -with 13.3.3.4 if the system control or other upstream valve was -operated. -13.8.4* These actions shall not require a design review. -25–53VALVES, VALVE COMPONENTS, AND TRIM -2011 Edition - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 13.8.1 Summary of Component Replacement Action Requirements -Component Adjust -Repair/ -Recondition Replace -Inspection, Test, and -Maintenance Procedures -Water delivery components -Post indicator and wall indicator valves X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure -(2) Perform full operational test conforming -to 13.3.3.1 -(3) Perform spring torsion check conforming -to 13.3.3.1 and 13.3.3.2 -(4) Verify target visibility at shut and full open -position -(5) Test supervisory device -(6) Main drain test -Control valves other than post indicator -and wall indicator valves -X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure -(2) Perform full operational test conforming -to 13.3.3.1 -(3) Perform spring torsion check for OS&Y -valves conforming to 13.3.3.2 -(4) Verify supervisory device -(5) Main drain test -Alarm check valve X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure per -13.4.1 -(2) Test all alarms and supervisory signals -affected by the alarm valve -(3) Main drain test -Dry pipe valve X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure -(2) Trip test per 13.4.4.2 -(3) Inspect condition of valve seat -(4) Test all dry pipe system alarms and -supervisory signals -(5) Main drain test -Deluge/preaction valve X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure per -13.4.3 -(2) Trip test -(3) Inspect condition of valve seat -(4) Test all deluge/preaction system alarms -and supervisory signals -(5) Main drain test -Quick opening device X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure per -13.4.4.2.2 -(2) Trip test -(3) Main drain test -Pressure regulating device — hose valves X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure per -13.5.1 -(2) Full flow test -(3) Main drain test (Only when a control valve -has been closed) -Pressure regulating devices — other than -hose valve -X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure per -Section 13.5 -(2) Test pressure setting with full flow and -without flow -(3) Test supervisory device and alarm -(4) Main drain test -25–54 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table 13.8.1 Continued -Component Adjust -Repair/ -Recondition Replace -Inspection, Test, and -Maintenance Procedures -Hose valve X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure per -13.5.6 -(2) Main drain test -Backflow prevention device X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure per -Section 13.6 -(2) Forward flow test per 13.6.2.1 -(3) Test supervisory device and alarm -(4) Main drain test -Check valves X X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure per -13.4.2 -(2) Inspect for leaking through check valve -(3) Main drain test -Fire department connection X X (1) Inspect for leaks at system pressure per -Section 13.7 -(2) Main drain test (Only when a control valve -has been closed) -Fire department connection — sprinkler -system(s) -X (1) Isolate and hydrostatic test for 2 hours at -150 psi -(2) Main drain test (Only when a control valve -has been closed) -Fire department connection — other than -sprinkler system(s) -X (1) Isolate and hydrostatic test for 2 hours at -50 psi above the normal working pressure -(200 psi minimum) -(2) Main drain test (Only when a control valve -has been closed) -Strainers X X X Inspect and clean in accordance with -manufacturer’s instructions -Main drain valves X X X Main drain test per 13.2.5 -Gauges X Calibrate per 13.2.7 -Alarm and supervisory components -Alarm device X X X Test for conformance with NFPA 13 and/or -NFPA 72 -Supervisory device X X X Test for conformance with NFPA 13 and/or -NFPA 72 -System protection components -Pressure relief valve — fire pump -installation -X X X See 8.3.3.3 and 13.5.7 -Pressure relief valve — other than fire -pump installation -X Verify relief valve is listed or approved for the -application and set to the correct pressure -Informational components -Identification signs X X X Inspect for compliance with NFPA 13 and -13.3.1 -25–55VALVES, VALVE COMPONENTS, AND TRIM -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Chapter 14 Obstruction Investigation -14.1* General. This chapter shall provide the minimum re- -quirements for conducting investigations of fire protection -system piping for possible sources of materials that could -cause pipe blockage. -14.2 Internal Inspection of Piping. -14.2.1 Except as discussed in 14.2.1.1 and 14.2.1.4 an inspec- -tion of piping and branch line conditions shall be conducted -every 5 years by opening a flushing connection at the end of -one main and by removing a sprinkler toward the end of one -branch line for the purpose of inspecting for the presence of -foreign organic and inorganic material. -14.2.1.1 Alternative nondestructive examination methods -shall be permitted. -14.2.1.2 Tubercules or slime, if found, shall be tested for in- -dications of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). -14.2.1.3* If the presence of sufficient foreign organic or -inorganic material is found to obstruct pipe or sprinklers, -an obstruction investigation shall be conducted as described -in Section 14.3. -14.2.1.4 Non-metallic pipe shall not be required to be in- -spected internally. -14.2.1.5 In dry pipe systems and pre-action systems, the sprin- -kler removed for inspection shall be from the most remote -branch line from the source of water that is not equipped with -the inspector’s test valve. -14.2.1.6* Inspection of a cross main is not required where the -system does not have a means of inspection. -14.2.2* In buildings having multiple wet pipe systems, every -other system shall have an internal inspection of piping every -5 years as described in 14.2.1. -14.2.2.1 During the next inspection frequency required by -14.2.1, the alternate systems not inspected during the previous -inspection shall have an internal inspection of piping as de- -scribed in 14.2.1. -14.2.2.2 If the presence of foreign organic and/or inorganic -material is found in any system in a building during the 5 year -internal inspection of piping, all systems shall have an internal -inspection. -14.3 Obstruction Investigation and Prevention. -14.3.1* An obstruction investigation shall be conducted for -system or yard main piping wherever any of the following con- -ditions exist: -(1) Defective intake for fire pumps taking suction from -open bodies of water -(2) The discharge of obstructive material during routine wa- -ter tests -(3) Foreign materials in fire pumps, in dry pipe valves, or in -check valves -(4)*Foreign material in water during drain tests or plugging -of inspector’s test connection(s) -(5) Plugged sprinklers -(6) Plugged piping in sprinkler systems dismantled during -building alterations -(7) Failure to flush yard piping or surrounding public mains -following new installations or repairs -(8) A record of broken public mains in the vicinity -(9) Abnormally frequent false tripping of a dry pipe valve(s) -(10) A system that is returned to service after an extended -shutdown (greater than 1 year) -(11) There is reason to believe that the sprinkler system con- -tains sodium silicate or highly corrosive fluxes in copper -systems -(12) A system has been supplied with raw water via the fire -department connection -(13) Pinhole leaks -(14) A 50 percent increase in the time it takes water to travel to -the inspector’s test connection from the time the valve trips -during a full flow trip test of a dry pipe sprinkler system -when compared to the original system acceptance test. -14.3.2* Systems shall be examined for internal obstructions -where conditions exist that could cause obstructed piping. -14.3.2.1 If the condition has not been corrected or the condi- -tion is one that could result in obstruction of the piping despite -any previous flushing procedures that have been performed, the -system shall be examined for internal obstructions every 5 years. -14.3.2.2 Internal examination shall be performed at the fol- -lowing four points: -(1) System valve -(2) Riser -(3) Cross main -(4) Branch line -14.3.2.3 Alternative nondestructive examination methods -shall be permitted. -14.3.3* If an obstruction investigation indicates the presence -of sufficient material to obstruct pipe or sprinklers, a complete -flushing program shall be conducted by qualified personnel. -14.4 Ice Obstruction. Dry pipe or preaction sprinkler system -piping that protects or passes through freezers or cold storage -rooms shall be inspected internally on an annual basis for ice -obstructions at the point where the piping enters the refriger- -ated area. -14.4.1 Alternative nondestructive examinations shall be per- -mitted. -14.4.2 All penetrations into the cold storage areas shall be -inspected and, if an ice obstruction is found, additional pipe -shall be examined to ensure no ice blockage exists. -Chapter 15 Impairments -15.1 General. -15.1.1 Minimum Requirements. -15.1.1.1 This chapter shall provide the minimum require- -ments for a water-based fire protection system impairment -program. -15.1.1.2 Measures shall be taken during the impairment to -ensure that increased risks are minimized and the duration of -the impairment is limited. -15.2 Impairment Coordinator. -15.2.1 The property owner or designated representative shall -assign an impairment coordinator to comply with the require- -ments of this chapter. -25–56 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -15.2.2 In the absence of a specific designee, the property owner -or designated representative shall be considered the impairment -coordinator. -15.2.3 Where the lease, written use agreement, or management -contract specifically grants the authority for inspection, testing, -and maintenance of the fire protection system(s) to the tenant, -management firm, or managing individual, the tenant, manage- -ment firm, or managing individual shall assign a person as im- -pairment coordinator. -15.3 Tag Impairment System. -15.3.1* A tag shall be used to indicate that a system, or part -thereof, has been removed from service. -15.3.2* The tag shall be posted at each fire department connec- -tion and the system control valve, and other locations required by -the authority having jurisdiction, indicating which system, or part -thereof, has been removed from service. -15.4 Impaired Equipment. -15.4.1 The impaired equipment shall be considered to be the -water-based fire protection system, or part thereof, that is re- -moved from service. -15.4.2 The impaired equipment shall include, but shall not -be limited to, the following: -(1) Sprinkler systems -(2) Standpipe systems -(3) Fire hose systems -(4) Underground fire service mains -(5) Fire pumps -(6) Water storage tanks -(7) Water spray fixed systems -(8) Foam-water systems -(9) Fire service control valves -15.5* Preplanned Impairment Programs. -15.5.1 All preplanned impairments shall be authorized by -the impairment coordinator. -15.5.2 Before authorization is given, the impairment coordi- -nator shall be responsible for verifying that the following pro- -cedures have been implemented: -(1) The extent and expected duration of the impairment -have been determined. -(2) The areas or buildings involved have been inspected and -the increased risks determined. -(3) Recommendations have been submitted to management -or the property owner or designated representative. -(4) Where a required fire protection system is out of service -for more than 10 hours in a 24-hour period, the impair- -ment coordinator shall arrange for one of the following: -(a) Evacuation of the building or portion of the building -affected by the system out of service -(b)*An approved fire watch -(c)*Establishment of a temporary water supply -(d)*Establishment and implementation of an approved -program to eliminate potential ignition sources and -limit the amount of fuel available to the fire -(5) The fire department has been notified. -(6) The insurance carrier, the alarm company, property -owner or designated representative, and other authorities -having jurisdiction have been notified. -(7) The supervisors in the areas to be affected have been no- -tified. -(8) A tag impairment system has been implemented. (See Sec- -tion 15.3.) -(9) All necessary tools and materials have been assembled on -the impairment site. -15.6 Emergency Impairments. -15.6.1 Emergency impairments shall include, but are not lim- -ited to, system leakage, interruption of water supply, frozen or -ruptured piping, and equipment failure. -15.6.2 When emergency impairments occur, emergency ac- -tion shall be taken to minimize potential injury and damage. -15.6.3 The coordinator shall implement the steps outlined in -Section 15.5. -15.7 Restoring Systems to Service. When all impaired equip- -ment is restored to normal working order, the impairment -coordinator shall verify that the following procedures have -been implemented: -(1) Any necessary inspections and tests have been conducted -to verify that affected systems are operational. The appro- -priate chapter of this standard shall be consulted for guid- -ance on the type of inspection and test required. -(2) Supervisors have been advised that protection is restored. -(3) The fire department has been advised that protection is -restored. -(4) The property owner or designated representative, in- -surance carrier, alarm company, and other authorities -having jurisdiction have been advised that protection is -restored. -(5) The impairment tag has been removed. -Annex A Explanatory Material -Annex A is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document -but is included for informational purposes only. This annex contains -explanatory material, numbered to correspond with the applicable text -paragraphs. -A.1.1 Generally accepted NFPA installation practices for -water-based fire protection systems relevant to this standard -are found in the following: -NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. -NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in -Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height. -NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose -Systems. -NFPA 15,Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection. -NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler -and Foam-Water Spray Systems. -NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for -Fire Protection. -NFPA 22,Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection. -NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service -Mains and Their Appurtenances. -NFPA 750, Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems. -25–57ANNEX A -2011 Edition - -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -For systems originally installed in accordance with one of -these standards, the repair, replacement, alteration, or exten- -sion of such systems should also be performed in accordance -with that same standard. When original installations are based -on other applicable codes or standards, repair, replacement, -alteration, or extension practices should be conducted in ac- -cordance with those other applicable codes or standards. -A.1.1.1.2 There are times when a single inspection or test can -meet the requirements of both NFPA 25 and NFPA 72 (e.g., -operation of a tamper switch). This standard does not neces- -sarily require that two separate inspections or tests be con- -ducted on the same component, provided the inspection or -test meets the requirements of both standards and the indi- -vidual performing the inspection or test is qualified to per- -form the inspection or test required by both standards. -A.1.1.3.1 The requirement to evaluate the adequacy of the de- -sign of the installed system is not a part of the periodic inspec- -tion, testing, and maintenance requirements of this standard. -However, such evaluation is the responsibility of the property -owner or designated representative as indicated in 4.1.5 and -4.1.6. -A.1.2 History has shown that the performance reliability of -a water-based fire protection system under fire-related con- -ditions increases where comprehensive inspection, testing, -and maintenance procedures are enforced. Diligence dur- -ing an inspection is important. The inspection, testing, and -maintenance of some items in the standard might not be -practical or possible, depending on existing conditions. -The inspector should use good judgment when making in- -spections. -A.1.3 An entire program of quality control includes, but is not -limited to, maintenance of equipment, inspection frequency, -testing of equipment, on-site fire brigades, loss control provi- -sions, and personnel training. Personnel training can be used as -an alternative even if a specific frequency differs from that speci- -fied in this standard. -A.1.4 The liter and bar units, which are not part of but are -recognized by SI, commonly are used in international fire pro- -tection. These units are provided in Table A.1.4 with their con- -version factors. -A.3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association -does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, proce- -dures, equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate -testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installa- -tions, procedures, equipment, or materials, the authority having -jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or -other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards, -said authority may require evidence of proper installation, proce- -dure, or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to -the listings or labeling practices of an organization that is con- -cerned with product evaluations and is thus in a position to de- -termine compliance with appropriate standards for the current -production of listed items. -A.3.2.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The phrase “au- -thority having jurisdiction,” or its acronym AHJ, is used in -NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and -approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where -public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction -may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department -or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire -prevention bureau, labor department, or health depart- -ment; building official; electrical inspector; or others hav- -ing statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insur- -ance inspection department, rating bureau, or other -insurance company representative may be the authority -having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property -owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of -the authority having jurisdiction; at government installa- -tions, the commanding officer or departmental official may -be the authority having jurisdiction. -A.3.2.3 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment -may vary for each organization concerned with product evalu- -ation; some organizations do not recognize equipment as -listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdic- -tion should utilize the system employed by the listing organi- -zation to identify a listed product. -A.3.3.1 Alarm Receiving Facility. This can include propri- -etary supervising stations, central supervising stations, re- -mote supervising stations, or public fire service communica- -tions centers. -A.3.3.2 Automatic Detection Equipment. Water spray systems -can use fixed temperature, rate-of-rise, rate-compensation fixed -temperature, optical devices, flammable gas detectors, or prod- -ucts of combustion detectors. -A.3.3.3 Automatic Operation. This operation includes, but -is not limited to, heat, rate of heat rise, smoke, or pressure -change. -A.3.3.4 Deficiency. Depending on the nature and signifi- -cance of the deficiency it can result in a system impairment. -A.3.3.9 Fire Hydrant.See Figure A.3.3.9(a) and Figure A.3.3.9(b). -A.3.3.9.1 Dry Barrel Hydrant (Frostproof Hydrant). A drain is -located at the bottom of the barrel above the control valve seat -for proper drainage after operation to prevent freezing. See -Figure A.3.3.9.1. -A.3.3.9.2 Monitor Nozzle Hydrant. See Figure A.3.3.9.2. -A.3.3.9.3 Wall Hydrant. See Figure A.3.3.9.3. -A.3.3.9.4 Wet Barrel Hydrant. See Figure A.3.3.9.4. -A.3.3.10 Foam Concentrate. For the purpose of this docu- -ment, “foam concentrate” and “concentrate” are used inter- -changeably. -A.3.3.13 Hose House. See Figure A.3.3.13(a) through Fig- -ure A.3.3.13(c). -Table A.1.4 Metric Conversions -Name of Unit Unit Symbol Conversion Factor -liter L 1 gal = 3.785 L -liter per minute per -square meter -L/min·m2 1 gpm/ft2 = -40.746 L/min·m2 -cubic decimeter dm 3 1 gal = 3.785 dm3 -pascal Pa 1 psi = 6894.757 Pa -bar bar 1 psi = 0.0689 bar -bar bar 1 bar = 10 5 Pa -Note: For additional conversions and information, see IEEE/ASTM- -SI-10, American National Standard for Use of the International System of -Units (SI): The Modern Metric System. -25–58 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -18 in. (457 mm) -Hydrant -connection valve -Thrust -block -Thrust block -against -undisturbed -soil -Flat stone or -concrete slab -Small -stones -for -drainage -FIGURE A.3.3.9(a) Typical Fire Hydrant Connection. -Grade 27³⁄₈ in. (695 mm) × -24³⁄₈ in. (619 mm) -13¹⁄₁₆ in. -(332 mm) -24 in. -(607 mm) -trench -(minimum) -FIGURE A.3.3.9(b) Flush-Type Hydrant. -Bonnet -Valve rod -Valve guide -Barrel -Valve leather -BootStrapping -lugs -Drain -Gauge hole -Nozzle section -Valve seat ring -Oil hole -Weather hood -Stuffing box -Bonnet drain -Operating stem -(bronze) -FIGURE A.3.3.9.1 Dry Barrel Hydrant. -FIGURE A.3.3.9.2 Hydrant with Monitor Nozzle. -25–59ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -4 in. (100 mm) -minimum nonrising -stem gate valve -Special -coupling -Square rod -Blank wall -Pipe sleeve -Capped wrench head valve -control or wall-type indicator post Capped outlets -Ball drip -connection below 4 in. (100 mm) -minimum pipe -Escutcheon plate -Wall -opening -Plan -Minimum 6 in. (150 mm) -valved water supply -FIGURE A.3.3.9.3 Wall Hydrant. -Thrust block -Yokes and rods -Ductile iron -Thrust -blockCross section showing operating -valve arrangement (typical) -Operating -nut -Compression -valve (one for -each outlet) -Operating nut -Valve carrier -Seat washer -Hydrant caps -Hydrant outlet -Seat washer -retainer -Chain -FIGURE A.3.3.9.4 Wet Barrel Hydrant. (Courtesy of the Los -Angeles Department of Water and Power.) -FIGURE A.3.3.13(a) Hose House of Five-Sided Design for -Installation over a Private Hydrant. -FIGURE A.3.3.13(b) Steel Hose House of Compact Dimen- -sions for Installation over a Private Hydrant. House is shown -closed; top lifts up, and doors on front side open for complete -accessibility. -FIGURE A.3.3.13(c) Hose House That Can Be Installed on -Legs, As Pictured, or on a Wall Near, but Not Directly over, a -Private Hydrant. -25–60 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.3.3.16.1 Conventional Pin Rack. See Figure A.3.3.16.1. -A.3.3.16.2 Horizontal Rack. See Figure A.3.3.16.2. -A.3.3.16.3 Hose Reel. See Figure A.3.3.16.3. -A.3.3.16.4 Semiautomatic Hose Rack Assembly. See Figure -A.3.3.16.4. -A.3.3.17 Impairment. Temporarily shutting down a system as -part of performing the routine inspection, testing, and mainte- -nance on that system while under constant attendance by quali- -fied personnel, and where the system can be restored to service -quickly, should not be considered an impairment. Good judg- -ment should be considered for the hazards presented. -A.3.3.22.1 Monitor Nozzle. Monitor nozzles can be used to -protect large amounts of combustible materials, aircraft, tank -farms, and any other special hazard. See Figure A.3.3.22.1(a) -and Figure A.3.3.22.1(b). -FIGURE A.3.3.16.1 Conventional Pin Rack. -FIGURE A.3.3.16.2 Horizontal Rack. -FIGURE A.3.3.16.3 Constant Flow Hose Reel. -FIGURE A.3.3.16.4 Semiautomatic Hose Rack Assembly. -Concrete -platform and -valve pit -Post -indicator -valve Post indicator valve Drain valve -Control -valve -Monitor -nozzle -Monitor -nozzle -Drain valve -Trestle -FIGURE A.3.3.22.1(a) Standard Monitor Nozzles; Gear Con- -trol Nozzles Also Are Permitted. -Loose stone or -gravel to facilitate -drainage -Posts to -extend below -frost line -Post indicator valve Drain valve -Control valve -(inside screw -type) -Monitor nozzle -Platform -Drain -valve -Valve box -or iron pipe -Monitor nozzle -Floor -stand -Roof -FIGURE A.3.3.22.1(b) Alternative Arrangement of Standard -Monitor Nozzles. -25–61ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.3.3.22.2 Water Spray Nozzle. The selection of the type and -size of spray nozzles should have been made with proper con- -sideration given to such factors as physical character of the -hazard involved, draft or wind conditions, material likely to be -burning, and the general purpose of the system. -High velocity spray nozzles, generally used in piped instal- -lations, discharge in the form of a spray-filled cone. Low veloc- -ity spray nozzles usually deliver a much finer spray in the form -of either a spray-filled spheroid or cone. Due to differences in -the size of orifices or waterways in the various nozzles and the -range of water particle sizes produced by each type, nozzles of -one type cannot ordinarily be substituted for those of another -type in an individual installation without seriously affecting -fire extinguishment. In general, the higher the velocity and -the coarser the size of the water droplets, the greater the effec- -tive “reach” or range of the spray. -Another type of water spray nozzle uses the deflector prin- -ciple of the standard sprinkler. The angle of the spray dis- -charge cones is governed by the design of the deflector. Some -manufacturers make spray nozzles of this type individually au- -tomatic by constructing them with heat-responsive elements as -used in standard automatic sprinklers. -A.3.3.24 Pressure-Regulating Device. Examples include pres- -sure reducing valves, pressure control valves, and pressure re- -stricting devices. -A.3.3.26 Pressure Vacuum Vent.At rest (static condition), this -device is closed to prevent free breathing of the foam concen- -trate storage tank. See Figure A.3.3.26. -A.3.3.27 Proportioner. See Figure A.3.3.27. -A.3.3.27.1 Bladder Tank Proportioner. Operation is the same -as a standard pressure proportioner, except that, because of -the separation of the foam concentrate and water, this system -can be used with all foam concentrates, regardless of specific -gravity. See Figure A.3.3.27.1. -A.3.3.27.2 In-Line Balanced Pressure Proportioner. Balanc- -ing of water and liquid takes place at individual proportioners -located in the system riser or in segments of multiple systems. -See Figure A.3.3.27.2. -A.3.3.27.3 Line Proportioner. See Figure A.3.3.27.3. -A.3.3.27.4 Standard Balanced Pressure Proportioner. Water -and foam concentrate-sensing lines are directed to the balanc- -ing valve and maintain the foam liquid at a pressure equal to -that of the water pressure. The two equal pressures are fed to -the proportioner proper and are mixed at a predetermined -rate. See Figure A.3.3.27.4. -A.3.3.27.5 Standard Pressure Proportioner. Pressurized con- -centrate then is forced through an orifice back into the flow- -ing water stream. This type of system is applicable for use with -foam concentrates having a specific gravity substantially -higher than water. It is not applicable for use with foam con- -centrates with a specific gravity at or near that of water. See -Figure A.3.3.27.5. -A.3.3.30.1 Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA) Sprin- -kler. A large drop sprinkler is a type of CMSA sprinkler that is -capable of producing characteristic large water droplets and -that is listed for its capability to provide fire control of specific -high-challenge fire hazards. -Bonnet -Weather -deflector -Screen -Vacuum -valve -Pressure -valve -2 in. (50 mm) National -Standard pipe threads -FIGURE A.3.3.26 Pressure Vacuum Vent. -Foam-water -solution -discharge -Water -inlet -Female NPT -Female NPT foam concentrate inlet -Male NPT -FIGURE A.3.3.27 Proportioner. -1 -1A -9 -8 -6 -Foam -concentrate -feed line -Ratio controller -End View -Flow -Spring -check -valve -Support -bracket -4 -2 -3 -1 -7 -5Side View -Valve description -Valve no. -1 -1A -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -Description Manual system Auto system -Normal position -Closed -Open -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Open -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Closed -Lwr. sight gauge (opt.) -Upr. sight gauge (opt.) -Concentrate drain/fill -Water fill -Diaph. conc. vent -Tank water vent -Fill cup shutoff -Water pres. shutoff -Auto. conc. shutoff -Concentrate shutoff -N/A -Water feed line -FIGURE A.3.3.27.1 Bladder Tank Proportioner. -25–62 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.3.3.31 Standpipe System. This is accomplished by means of -connections to water supply systems or by means of pumps, -tanks, and other equipment necessary to provide an adequate -supply of water to the hose connections. -A.3.3.33 Strainer. There are two types of strainers. Pipeline -strainers are used in water supply connections. These are ca- -pable of removing from the water all solids of sufficient size to -obstruct the spray nozzles [ 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) perforations usu- -ally are suitable]. Pipeline strainer designs should incorporate -a flushout connection or should be capable of flushing -through the main drain. -Individual strainers for spray nozzles, where needed, are -capable of removing from the water all solids of sufficient size -to obstruct the spray nozzle that they serve. -A.3.3.35 Testing. These tests follow up on the original accep- -tance test at intervals specified in the appropriate chapter of -this standard. -A.3.3.36 Water Spray. Water spray fixed systems are usually -applied to special fire protection problems, since the protec- -tion can be specifically designed to provide for fire control, -extinguishment, or exposure protection. Water spray fixed sys- -tems are permitted to be independent of, or supplementary -to, other forms of protection. -A.3.5.1 Control Valve. Experience has shown that closed -valves are the primary cause of failure of water-based fire pro- -tection systems in protected occupancies. Control valves do -not include hose valves, inspector’s test valves, drain valves, -trim valves for dry pipe, preaction and deluge valves, check -valves, or relief valves. -A.3.5.2 Deluge Valve. Each deluge valve is intended to be ca- -pable of automatic and manual operation. -A.3.5.5.1 Master Pressure Reducing Valve.Master pressure re- -ducing valves are typically found downstream of a fire pump’s -discharge. -A.3.6.3 Private Fire Service Main. See Figure A.3.6.3. -A.3.6.4 Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system is considered to -have a single system riser control valve. The design and -installation of water supply facilities such as gravity tanks, -fire pumps, reservoirs, or pressure tanks are covered by -NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for -Fire Protection, and NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Pri- -vate Fire Protection. -In-line balanced -pressure proportioner -Foam solution -Foam concentrate -pump and motor -assembly -Pressure gauge -Foam -concentrate -supply valve -Pressure -vacuum -vent -Expansion dome and -cleanout opening Fill connection with fill funnel -Foam concentrate -storage tank -Drain valve -Foam concentrate -return valve Foam -solution -Water -Foam concentrate -Foam solution -Water sensing -Flush-in connection -Flush-out connection -Strainer -Pressure gauge -Ratio controller -Pressure regulating valve -Diaphragm balancing valve -pressure regulating service -with manual override -Swing check valve -Pressure relief valve -Shutoff valve -FIGURE A.3.3.27.2 In-Line Balanced Pressure Proportioner. -Note: -Automation of -this valve permits -the activation of -this system from -any remote -signaling source -Water -supply -Foam -concentrate -storage tank -Expansion dome -Pressure -vacuum vent -Pressure gauge -Side outlet strainer with valve -Pipe union -Check valve -Gate valve or ball valve -FIGURE A.3.3.27.3 Line Proportioner. -25–63ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.3.6.4.5 Wet Pipe Sprinkler System. Hose connections -[11⁄2 in. (40 mm) hose, valves, and nozzles] supplied by -sprinkler system piping are considered components of the -sprinkler system. -A.3.6.5 Water Spray System. Automatic systems can be actu- -ated by separate detection equipment installed in the same -area as the water spray nozzles or by the water spray nozzles -using an operating element. In some cases, the automatic de- -tector can also be located in another area. [15: A.3.3.21] -A.4.1.1 The components are not required to be open or ex- -posed. Doors, removable panels, or valve pits can be permitted -to satisfy the need for accessibility. Such equipment should not -be obstructed by features such as walls, ducts, columns, direct -burial, or stock storage. -A.4.1.1.1.1 In order to ensure compliance, the owner should -verify that windows, skylights, doors, ventilators, other open- -ings and closures, concealed spaces, unused attics, stair tow- -ers, roof houses, and low spaces under buildings do not -Legend: - 1 Water supply valve (normally closed) - 2 Ratio controller - 3 - or tubing recommended - 4 - pipe or tubing recommended - 5 Sensing line valves (normally open) - 6 Diaphragm control valve — automatic pressure - balance — must be in vertical position - 7 Block valves (normally open) - 8 Manual bypass valve (normally open) - 9 Water and concentrate pressure gauge (duplex) - 10 Foam concentrate storage tank - 11 Concentrate storage tank fill connection - 12 Pressure vacuum vent - 13 Concentrate storage tank drain valve (normally closed) - 14 Foam concentrate pump and motor - 15 Concentrate pump supply valve (normally open) - 16 Pressure relief valve (setting as required by system) - 17 Concentrate pump discharge valve (normally open) - 18 Electric motor starter and switch - 19 Concentrate return line valve (normally open) - 20 - 21 Strainer with valved side outlet - 22 Compound gauge -Operation: -Start concentrate pump (18). Open water supply valve (1). -Open concentrate pump discharge valve (17). Equal gauge -readings then maintained at (9) by the automatic valve (6). -For manual operation, valves (7) can be closed and equal -gauge readings maintained by regulating valve (8) manually. -System Automation: -By automating certain valves, the balanced pressure -proportioning system can be activated from any remote -signaling source. -• Water supply valve (1), normally closed, to be automatically - operated; -• Concentrate pump discharge valve (17), normally closed, to - be automatically operated; -• Electric motor starter switch (18) to be automatically operated. -12 -11 -10 -6 -7 -9 -5 -4 -17 -D 5 pipediameters -5 pipediameters -Solution discharge -C16 -14 -A -8 -19 -22 -3 -5 -2 1 -20 -Water supply -13 -15 -21 -18 -B -Gate valve -Check valve -Manual bypass valve -Side outlet strainer with valve -Flush-out connection -Reducer - Water balance line — minimum ³⁄₁₆ in. (5 mm) I.D. pipe - Concentrate balance line — minimum ³⁄₁₆ in. (5 mm) I.D. - Ball drip valve — ³⁄₄ in. (20 mm) (install in horizontal position) -FIGURE A.3.3.27.4 Standard Balanced Pressure Proportioner. -25–64 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -expose water-filled piping to freezing. This should occur prior -to the onset of cold weather and periodically thereafter. -A.4.1.1.3 Examples of designated representatives can include -the occupant, management firm, or managing individual -through specific provisions in the lease, written use agree- -ment, or management contract. -A.4.1.2 Inspection, testing, and maintenance can be permit- -ted to be contracted with an inspection, testing, and mainte- -nance service. -A.4.1.4 Recalled products should be replaced or remedied. -Remedies include entrance into a program for scheduled re- -placement. Such replacement or remedial product should be -installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions -and the appropriate NFPA installation standards. A recalled -product is a product subject to a statute or administrative regu- -lation specifically requiring the manufacturer, importer, dis- -tributor, wholesaler, or retailer of a product, or any combina- -tion of such entities, to recall the product, or a product -voluntarily recalled by a combination of such entities. -Needed corrections and repairs should be classified as an -impairment, critical deficiency, or noncritical deficiency ac- -cording to the effect on the fire protection system and the -nature of the hazard protected. -Impairments are the highest priority problem found dur- -ing inspection, testing, and maintenance and should be cor- -rected as soon as possible. The fire protection system cannot -provide an adequate response to a fire, and implementation -of impairment procedures outlined in Chapter 15 is required -until the impairment is corrected. -Critical deficiencies need to be corrected in a timely fash- -ion. The fire protection system is still capable of performing, -but its performance can be impacted and the implementation -of impairment procedures might not be needed. However, -special consideration must be given to the hazard in the deter- -mination of the classification. A deficiency that is critical for -one hazard might be an impairment in another. -Noncritical deficiencies do not affect the performance of -the fire protection system but should be corrected in a reason- -able time period so that the system can be properly inspected, -tested, and maintained. -Assembly occupancies, health care facilities, prisons, high rise -buildings, and other occupancies where there is a significant life -Solution discharge valve(s)PPH operating head -Ball drip valve -Inspection -and fill vent -Drain -valve -Normally closed -Pressure proportioner -Water supply -Water inlet -Note: -Automation of this valve permits -the activation of this system -from any remote signaling source -Water bypass -Liquid fill connection -FIGURE A.3.3.27.5 Standard Pressure Proportioner. -See NFPA 221 -Post indicator valve -Monitor nozzle -Building -Water tank -See NFPA 202 -Fire pump -1 -1 -1 -1 -To water spray -fixed system or open -sprinkler system -Post -indicator -valve -Post indicator valve -1 -1 -Private property line -1 -Note: The piping (aboveground or buried) shown is specific as to the -end of the private fire service main, and this schematic is only for -illustrative purposes beyond the end of the fire service main. Details of -valves and their location requirements are covered in the specific -standard involved. -1. See NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, - 2008. -2. See NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for - Fire Protection, 2010. -Check valve -Control valves -Check valve -Pump discharge valve -Hydrant -From jockey pump -From fire pump (if needed) -To fire pump (if needed) -To jockey pump -Check valve -Public main -End of private fire service main -FIGURE A.3.6.3 Typical Private Fire Service Main. -[24:Figure A.3.3.11] -25–65ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -safety exposure, or the facility cannot be evacuated in a timely -manner, require special consideration. As an example, a non- -functioning waterflow alarm might be considered a critical defi- -ciency in a storage warehouse but an impairment in a hospital. -High hazard occupancies where early response to a fire is criti- -cal also require special consideration. A small number of painted -sprinklers could be considered an impairment for a system pro- -tecting a high hazard occupancy but might be considered a criti- -cal deficiency in a metal working shop. -A table showing classifications of needed corrections and -repairs is shown in Section E.1. -A.4.1.4.2 System deficiencies not explained by normal wear -and tear, such as hydraulic shock, can often be indicators of -system problems and should be investigated and evaluated by -a qualified person or engineer. Failure to address these issues -could lead to catastrophic failure. Examples of deficiencies -that can be caused by issues beyond normal wear and tear are -as follows: -(1) Pressure gauge -(a) Gauge not returning to zero -(b) Gauge off scale -(c) Gauge with bent needle -(2) Support devices -(a) Bent hangers and/or rods -(b) Hangers pulled out/off structure -(c) Indication of pipe or hanger movement such as the -following: -i. Hanger scrape marks on pipe, exposed pipe sur- -face where pipe and hangers are painted -ii. Firestop material damaged at pipe penetration -of fire-rated assembly -(3) Unexplained system damage -(a) Unexplained system damage beyond normal wear -and tear -(b) Bent or broken shafts on valves -(c) Bent or broken valve clappers -(d) Unexplained leakage at branch lines, cross main, or -feed main piping -(e) Unexplained leakage at closed nipples -(f) Loose bolts on flanges and couplings -(4) Fire pump -(a) Fire pump driver out of alignment -(b) Vibration of fire pump and/or driver -(c) Unusual sprinkler system piping noises (sharp re- -port, loud bang) -A.4.1.5 The inspections and tests specified in this standard -do not address the adequacy of design criteria or the capability -of the fire protection system to protect the building or its con- -tents. It is assumed that the original system design and instal- -lation were appropriate for the occupancy and use of the -building and were approved by all applicable authorities hav- -ing jurisdiction. If no changes to the water supply or to the -building or its use have transpired since it was originally occu- -pied, no evaluation is required. If changes are contemplated, -it is the owner’s responsibility to arrange for the evaluation of -the fire protection system(s). Where the inspections and tests -specified in the standard have been contracted to a qualified -inspection provider or contractor, it is not the role of the in- -spector or contractor to determine if any changes have been -made or the subsequent evaluation of the fire protection sys- -tem. The evaluation of any building changes should be con- -ducted before any proposed change is incorporated and -should utilize the appropriate installation standard and input -from applicable authorities having jurisdiction. -Fire protection systems should not be removed from ser- -vice when the building is not in use; however, where a system -that has been out of service for a prolonged period (such as in -the case of idle or vacant properties) is returned to service, it is -recommended that a responsible and experienced contractor -be retained to perform all inspections and tests. -A.4.1.6 See Annex F for an example of a hazard evaluation -form. A hazard evaluation is not part of a system inspection. -A.4.3.1 Inspection reports used for system inspections should -contain an “Owner’s Section” as shown in Figure A.4.3.1 that -the property owner or designated representative shall com- -plete. Typical records include, but are not limited to, valve -inspections; flow, drain, and pump tests; and trip tests of dry -pipe, deluge, and preaction valves. -Computer programs that file inspection and test results -should provide a means of comparing current and past results -and should indicate the need for corrective maintenance or -further testing. -Acceptance test records should be retained for the life of the -system or its special components. Subsequent test records should -be retained for a period of 1 year after the next test. The compari- -son determines deterioration of system performance or condi- -tion and the need for further testing or maintenance. -A.4.3.3 See Section B.2 for information regarding sample -forms. -A.4.4 Inspection and periodic testing determine what, if any, -maintenance actions are required to maintain the operability -of a water-based fire protection system. The standard estab- -lishes minimum inspection/testing frequencies, responsibili- -ties, test routines, and reporting procedures but does not de- -fine precise limits of anomalies where maintenance actions -are required. -Substandard conditions, such as a closed valve, subnormal -water pressure, loss of building heat or power, or obstruction -of sprinklers, nozzles, detectors, or hose stations, can delay or -prevent system actuation and impede manual fire-fighting op- -erations. -A.4.5.5 The types of tests required for each protection system -and its components, and the specialized equipment required -for testing, are detailed in the appropriate chapter. -As referred to in 4.3.4, original records should include, at a -minimum, the contractor’s material and test certificate, “as- -built” drawings and calculations, and any other required or -pertinent test reports. These documents establish the condi- -tions under which the systems were first installed and offer -some insight to the design intent, installation standards used, -and water supply present at the time of installation. Original -records are instrumental in determining any subsequent -changes or modifications to the buildings or system. -A.4.5.6 Examples of components or subsystems are fire -pumps, drivers or controllers, pressure regulating devices, de- -tection systems and controls, alarm check, and dry pipe, del- -uge, and preaction valves. -A.4.5.7 Some devices, such as waterflow alarms, can be tested -automatically. Some things to consider include the following: -(1) Automatic tests should be arranged to test the same func- -tions as the required tests. -25–66 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -(2) Components and arrangements of automated tests -should be listed for the purpose and designed so that fail- -ure of the testing equipment should not impair the opera- -tion of the system unless indicated by a trouble or super- -visory signal in accordance with NFPA 72. -(3) Failure of a component or system to pass an automatic test -should result in an audible trouble signal in accordance -with NFPA 72. -(4) Not all tests required by NFPA 25 can be suitable for auto- -matic testing. -(5) Periodic visual inspection including the use of video -should be performed. -A.4.6 Section 4.6 provides the option to adopt a performance- -based test and inspection method as an alternative means of -compliance with 4.5.2. The prescriptive test and requirements -contained in this standard are essentially qualitative. Equiva- -lent or superior levels of performance can be demonstrated -through quantitative performance-based analyses. This sec- -tion provides a basis for implementing and monitoring a -performance-based program acceptable under this option -(providing approval is obtained by the authority having juris- -diction). -The concept of a performance-based testing and inspection -program is to establish the requirements and frequencies at -which inspection must be performed to demonstrate an accept- -able level of operational reliability. The goal is to balance the -inspection/test frequency with proven reliability of the system or -component. The goal of a performance-based inspection pro- -gram is also to adjust test/inspection frequencies commensurate -with historical documented equipment performance and de- -sired reliability. Frequencies of test/inspection under a -performance-based program can be extended or reduced from -the prescriptive test requirements contained in this standard -when continued testing has been documented indicating a -higher or lower degree of reliability compared to the authority -having jurisdiction’s expectations of performance. Additional -program attributes that should be considered when adjusting -test/inspection frequencies include the following: -(1) System/component preventive maintenance programs -(2) Consequences of system maloperation -(3) System/component repair history -(4) Building/service conditions -Fundamental to implementing a performance-based pro- -gram is that adjusted test and inspection frequencies must be -technically defensible to the authority having jurisdiction and -supported by evidence of higher or lower reliability. Data collec- -tion and retention must be established so that the data utilized to -alter frequencies are representative, statistically valid, and evalu- -ated against firm criteria. Frequencies should not arbitrarily be -extended or reduced without a suitable basis and rationale. It -must be noted that transitioning to a performance-based pro- -gram might require additional expenditures of resources in or- -der to collect and analyze failure data, coordinate review efforts, -change program documents, and seek approval from the author- -ity having jurisdiction. The following factors should be consid- -ered in determining whether a transition to a performance-based -test program as permitted in Section 4.6 is appropriate: -(1) Past system/component reliability — have problems rou- -tinely been identified during the performance of the pre- -scriptive test requirements of 4.5.2, or have systems consis- -tently performed with minimal discrepancies noted? - NFPA 25© 2010 National Fire Protection Association -Owner’s Section -A. Is the building occupied? ❏ Yes ❏ No -B. Has the occupancy and hazard of contents remained the same since the last inspection? ❏ Yes ❏ No -C. Are all fire protection systems in service? ❏ Yes ❏ No -D. Has the system remained in service without modification since the last inspection? ❏ Yes ❏ No -E. Was the system free of actuation of devices or alarms since the last inspection? ❏ Yes ❏ No -Explain any “no” answers: - Owner or Designated Representative (print) Signature and Date -FIGURE A.4.3.1 Owner’s Section on Inspection Report. -25–67ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -(2) Do the recurring resource expenditures necessary to -implement the prescriptive test requirements in 4.5.2 jus- -tify conducting the detailed analysis needed to support a -performance-based testing program? -(3) Is the increased administrative burden of implementing, -documenting, and monitoring a performance-based pro- -gram worthwhile? -Failure Rate Calculation -A performance-based program requires that a maximum -allowable failure rate be established and approved by the au- -thority having jurisdiction in advance of implementation. The -use of historical system/component fire system inspection -records can be utilized to determine failure rates. One -method of calculating the failure rate of a fire system is based -on the following equation: -FSFR t NF -NC t() = -() ( ) -where: -FSFR(t) = fire system failure rate (failures per year) -NF = number of failures -NC = total number of fire systems inspected or tested -t = time interval of review in years -Example -Data are collected for 50 fire pump weekly tests over a -5-year period. The testing is conducted, as described in 8.3.1. -A review of the data has identified five failures: -Total components: 280 -Data collection period: 5 years -Total failures: 5 -FSFR = × =5 -280 5 0 003./ y e a r -A fundamental requirement of a performance-based pro- -gram is the continual monitoring of fire system/component -failure rates and determining whether they exceed the maxi- -mum allowable failure rates as agreed upon with the authority -having jurisdiction. The process used to complete this review -should be documented and repeatable. -Coupled with this ongoing review is a requirement for a -formalized method of increasing or decreasing the frequency -of testing/inspection when systems exhibit either a higher -than expected failure rate or an increase in reliability as a -result of a decrease in failures, or both. -A formal process for reviewing the failure rates and increas- -ing or decreasing the frequency of testing must be well docu- -mented. Concurrence of the authority having jurisdiction on -the process used to determine test frequencies should be ob- -tained in advance of any alterations to the test program. The -frequency required for future tests might be reduced to the -next inspection frequency and maintained there for a period -equaling the initial data review or until the ongoing review -indicates that the failure rate is no longer being exceeded — -for example, going from annual to semiannual testing when -the failure rate exceeds the authority having jurisdiction’s ex- -pectations or from annual to every 18 months when the failure -trend indicates an increase in reliability. -References -Edward K. Budnick, P.E., “Automatic Sprinkler System Re- -liability,” Fire Protection Engineering, Society of Fire Protection -Engineers, Winter 2001. -Fire Protection Equipment Surveillance Optimization and Mainte- -nance Guide, Electric Power Research Institute, July 2003. -William E. Koffel, P.E., Reliability of Automatic Sprinkler Sys- -tems, Alliance for Fire Safety. -NFPA’s Future in Performance Based Codes and Standards, July -1995. -NFPA Performance Based Codes and Standards Primer, Decem- -ber 1999. -A.4.7 Preventive maintenance includes, but is not limited to, -lubricating control valve stems; adjusting packing glands on -valves and pumps; bleeding moisture and condensation from -air compressors, air lines, and dry pipe system auxiliary drains; -and cleaning strainers. Frequency of maintenance is indicated -in the appropriate chapter. -Corrective maintenance includes, but is not limited to, replac- -ing loaded, corroded, or painted sprinklers; replacing missing or -loose pipe hangers; cleaning clogged fire pump impellers; re- -placing valve seats and gaskets; restoring heat in areas subject to -freezing temperatures where water-filled piping is installed; and -replacing worn or missing fire hose or nozzles. -Emergency maintenance includes, but is not limited to, re- -pairs due to piping failures caused by freezing or impact dam- -age; repairs to broken underground fire mains; and replace- -ment of frozen or fused sprinklers, defective electric power, or -alarm and detection system wiring. -A.4.8.5 Most places using or storing hazardous materials have -stations set up for employees where material safety data sheets -(MSDSs) are stored. The inspector should be familiar with the -types of materials present and the appropriate actions to take -in an emergency. -A.4.8.6 WARNING: NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of -Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, includes electrical require- -ments that discourage the installation of a disconnect means -in the power supply to electric motor-driven fire pumps. This -is intended to ensure the availability of power to the fire -pumps. Where equipment connected to those circuits is ser- -viced or maintained, the service person could be subject to -unusual exposure to electrical and other hazards. It could be -necessary to establish special safe work practices and to use -safeguards or personal protective clothing, or both. See also -NFPA 70Efor additional safety guidance. -A.5.2 The provisions of the standard are intended to apply to -routine inspections. In the event of a fire, a post-fire inspec- -tion should be made of all sprinklers within the fire area. In -situations where the fire was quickly controlled or extin- -guished by one or two sprinklers, it might be necessary only to -replace the activated sprinklers. Care should be taken that the -replacement sprinklers are of the same make and model or -that they have compatible performance characteristics ( see -5.4.1.1). Soot-covered sprinklers should be replaced because -deposits can result in corrosion of operating parts. In the -event of a substantial fire, special consideration should be -given to replacing the first ring of sprinklers surrounding the -operated sprinklers because of the potential for excessive ther- -mal exposure, which could weaken the response mechanisms. -A.5.2.1.1 The conditions described in this section can have a -detrimental effect on the performance of sprinklers by affect- -ing water distribution patterns, insulating thermal elements, -delaying operation, or otherwise rendering the sprinkler inop- -erable or ineffectual. -25–68 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Severely loaded or corroded sprinklers should be rejected as -part of the visual inspection. Such sprinklers could be affected in -their distribution or other performance characteristics not ad- -dressed by routine sample testing. Lightly loaded or corroded -sprinklers could be permitted for continued use if samples are -selected for testing based on worst-case conditions and the -samples successfully pass the tests. -A.5.2.1.1.1 Sprinkler orientation includes the position of the -deflector in relation to the ceiling slope. The deflector is gen- -erally required to be parallel to the slope of the ceiling. The -inspection should identify any corrections made where defi- -ciencies are noted, for example, pipe with welded outlets and -flexible grooved couplings that have “rolled” out of position. -A.5.2.1.1.2(5) In lieu of replacing sprinklers that are loaded -with a coating of dust, it is permitted to clean sprinklers with -compressed air or by a vacuum provided that the equipment -does not touch the sprinkler. -A.5.2.1.1.3 An example of a sprinkler needing replacement -would be a pendent sprinkler installed in the upright position -or vice versa. -A.5.2.1.1.6 Examples include some floor/ceiling or roof/ -ceiling assemblies, areas under theater stages, pipe chases, -and other inaccessible areas. -A.5.2.1.2 NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Sys- -tems, allows stock furnishings and equipment to be as close as -18 in. (457 mm) to standard spray sprinklers or as close as -36 in. (914 mm) to other types of sprinklers such as early sup- -pression fast-response (ESFR) and large drop sprinklers. Ob- -jects against walls are permitted to ignore the minimum spac- -ing rules as long as the sprinkler is not directly above the -object. Other obstruction rules are impractical to enforce un- -der this standard. However, if obstructions that might cause a -concern are present, the owner is advised to have an engineer- -ing evaluation performed. -A.5.2.2 The conditions described in 5.2.2 can have a detrimen- -tal effect on the performance and life of pipe by affecting corro- -sion rates or pipe integrity or otherwise rendering the pipe inef- -fectual. -A.5.2.2.3 Examples include some floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling -assemblies, areas under theater stages, pipe chases, and other -inaccessible areas. -A.5.2.3 The conditions described in this section can have a -detrimental effect on the performance of hangers and braces -by allowing failures if the components become loose. -A.5.2.3.3 Examples of hangers and seismic braces installed in -concealed areas include some floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling -assemblies, areas under theater stages, pipe chases, and other -inaccessible areas. -A.5.2.4.1 Due to the high probability of a buildup of excess -pressure, gridded wet pipe systems should be provided with a -relief valve not less than 1⁄4 in. (6.3 mm) in accordance with -NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. -It is normal, though, that the pressure above the alarm or -system check valve is typically higher than that of the water -supply as a result of trapped pressure surges. -A.5.2.4.4 See Figure A.5.2.4.4. -A.5.2.6 The hydraulic design information sign should be se- -cured to the riser with durable wire, chain, or equivalent. -A.5.2.8 The information sign should be secured with wire, -chain, or equivalent to each system control valve, antifreeze -loop, and auxiliary system control valve indicating the infor- -mation required by 4.1.8. -Heated area Refrigerated space -Main -control valve -Water supply -Air -compressor -and tank -Freezer air intake -6 ft (1.9 m) minimum -Check -valve -P1 -P2 -30 in. -(762 mm) -P1 P2 -Two easily removed -sections of pipe -Air pressure -Water supply source -Air pressure -Air supply source -Check valve with ³⁄₃₂ in. -Normally open -control valve -Notes: -Dry/preaction valve -(2.4 mm) hole in clapper -1. Check valve with ³⁄₃₂ in. (2.4 mm) hole in clapper not required if prime - water not used. -2./nobreakspaceSupply air to be connection to top or side of system pipe. -3./nobreakspaceEach removable air line shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) diameter -/nobreakspace/nobreakspace/nobreakspace/nobreakspaceand minimum of 6 ft (1.9 m) long. -FIGURE A.5.2.4.4 Refrigerator Area Sprinkler System Used -to Minimize the Chances of Developing Ice Plugs. -This system as shown on company -print no. dated -for -at contract no. -is designed to discharge at a rate of -gpm per ft2 (L/min per m2) of floor area over a maximum -area of ft 2 (m2) when supplied -with water at a rate of gpm (L/min) -at psi (bar) at the base of the riser. -Hose stream allowance of -gpm (L/min) is included in the above. -FIGURE A.5.2.6 Sample Hydraulic Design Information Sign. -25–69ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.5.3.1 The sprinkler field service testing described in this -section is considered routine testing. Non-routine testing -should be conducted to address unusual conditions not asso- -ciated with the routine test cycles mandated within this stan- -dard. Due to the nature of non-routine testing, specific tests -cannot be identified in this standard. The type of tests to be -conducted and the number and location of samples to be sub- -mitted should be appropriate to the problem discovered or -being investigated and based on consultation with the manu- -facturer, listing agency, and the authority having jurisdiction. -Where documentation of the installation date is not avail- -able, the start date for the in-service interval should be based -upon the sprinkler’s manufacture date. -A.5.3.1.1 Sprinklers should be first given a visual inspection -for signs of mechanical damage, cleaning, painting, leakage in -service, or severe loading or corrosion, all of which are consid- -ered causes for immediate replacement. Devices that have -passed the visual inspection should then be laboratory tested -for sensitivity and functionality. The waterway should clear -when sensitivity/functionality tested at 5 psi (0.4 bar) or the -minimum listed operating pressure for dry sprinklers. -Thermal sensitivity should be not less than that permitted -in post-corrosion testing of new sprinklers of the same type. -Sprinklers that have been in service for a number of years -should not be expected to have all of the performance quali- -ties of a new sprinkler. However, if there is any question about -their continued satisfactory performance, the sprinklers -should be replaced. -See Figure A.5.3.1.1. -A.5.3.1.1.1.3 Sprinklers defined as fast response have a ther- -mal element with an RTI of 50 (meters-seconds) 1/2 or less. A -quick-response sprinkler, residential sprinkler, and early sup- -pression fast-response (ESFR) sprinklers are examples of fast- -response sprinklers. -A.5.3.1.1.1.4 Due to solder migration caused by the high tem- -peratures to which these devices are exposed, it is important to -test them every 5 years. Because of this phenomenon, the op- -erating temperature can vary over a wide range. -A.5.3.1.1.1.6 See 3.3.30.3. -A.5.3.1.1.2 Examples of these environments are paper mills, -packing houses, tanneries, alkali plants, organic fertilizer -plants, foundries, forge shops, fumigation areas, pickle and -vinegar works, stables, storage battery rooms, electroplating -rooms, galvanizing rooms, steam rooms of all descriptions in- -cluding moist vapor dry kilns, salt storage rooms, locomotive -sheds or houses, driveways, areas exposed to outside weather, -around bleaching equipment in flour mills, all portions of -cold storage areas, and portions of any area where corrosive -vapors prevail. Harsh water environments include water sup- -plies that are chemically reactive. -A.5.3.1.2 Within an environment, similar sidewall, upright, -and pendent sprinklers produced by the same manufacturer -could be considered part of the same sample, but additional -sprinklers would be included within the sample if produced by -a different manufacturer. -A.5.3.2 The normal life expectancy of a gauge is between -10 and 15 years. A gauge can be permitted to have a reading with -an error of ±3 percent of the maximum (full scale) gauge read- -ing. For example, a gauge having 200 psi (13.8 bar) maximum -radius installed on a system with 60 psi (4.1 bar) normal pressure -can be permitted if the gauge reads from 54 psi to 66 psi (3.7 bar -to 4.5 bar). -A.5.3.3.2 Data concerning reliability of electrical waterflow -switches indicate no appreciable change in failure rates for those -tested quarterly and those tested semiannually. Mechanical mo- -tor gongs, however, have additional mechanical and environ- -mental failure modes and need to be tested more often. -A.5.3.3.5 Opening the inspector’s test connection can cause -the system to trip accidentally. -A.5.3.4 Many refractometers are calibrated for a single type -of antifreeze solution and will not provide accurate readings -for the other types of solutions. -A.5.3.4.1 See Figure A.5.3.4.1. -A.5.3.4.1.1 Where inspecting antifreeze systems employing -listed CPVC piping, the solution should be verified to be glyc- -erin based. -A.5.4.1.1 To help in the replacement of like sprinklers, -unique sprinkler identification numbers (SINs) are provided -on all sprinklers manufactured after January 1, 2001. The SIN -accounts for differences in orifice size, deflector characteris- -tics, pressure rating, and thermal sensitivity. -A.5.4.1.1.1 Old-style sprinklers are permitted to replace exist- -ing old-style sprinklers. Old-style sprinklers should not be used -to replace standard sprinklers without a complete engineering -review of the system. The old-style sprinkler is the type manu- -factured before 1953. It discharges approximately 40 percent -of the water upward to the ceiling, and it can be installed in -either the upright or pendent position. -A.5.4.1.3 It is imperative that any replacement sprinkler have -the same characteristics as the sprinkler being replaced. If the -same temperature range, response characteristics, spacing re- -quirements, flow rates, and K-factors cannot be obtained, a -Fast-response -3 mm bulb -Standard-response -5 mm bulb -Fast-response -element -Fast-response -link -Standard-response -solder link sprinkler -FIGURE A.5.3.1.1 Sprinkler Operating Element Identification. -25–70 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -sprinkler with similar characteristics should be used, and the -system should be evaluated to verify the sprinkler is appropri- -ate for the intended use. With regard to response characteris- -tics, matching identical Response Time Index (RTI) and con- -ductivity factors is not necessary unless special design -considerations are given for those specific values. -A.5.4.1.4 A minimum of two sprinklers of each type and tem- -perature rating installed should be provided. -A.5.4.1.6 Other types of wrenches could damage the sprinklers. -A.5.4.1.7.1 Typical sandwich bags purchased in a grocery -store are generally plastic, not cellophane. Plastic bags have a -tendency to shrink and adhere to the sprinkler prior to sprin- -kler activation, creating the potential for disruption of sprin- -kler spray patterns. Bags placed over sprinklers need to be true -cellophane or paper. -A.5.4.1.8 Corrosion-resistant or specially coated sprinklers -should be installed in locations where chemicals, moisture, or -other corrosive vapors exist. -A.5.4.2 Conversion of dry pipe systems to wet pipe systems on -a seasonal basis causes corrosion and accumulation of foreign -matter in the pipe system and loss of alarm service. -A.5.4.3 Where pressure testing listed CPVC piping, the sprin- -kler systems should be filled with water and air should be bled -from the highest and farthest sprinkler before test pressure is -applied. Air or compressed gas should never be used for pres- -sure testing. -For repairs affecting the installation of less than 20 sprin- -klers, a test for leakage should be made at normal system work- -ing pressure. -A.5.4.4 Certain sprinkler systems, such as those installed -aboard ships, are maintained under pressure by a small fresh- -water supply but are supplied by a raw water source following -system activation. In these systems, the effects of raw water are -minimized by draining and refilling with freshwater. For sys- -tems on ships, flushing within 45 days or the vessel’s next port -of call, whichever is longer, is considered acceptable. -Regina -Prince -Albert The Pas -Sioux Lookout -Winnipeg -Williston -Fargo -Bismarck -Port Arthur -Kapuskasing -Duluth -Aberdeen -Minneapolis -Pierre -Sioux Falls -Sioux City -Ludington -Green Bay -Des Moines -Milwaukee -Marquette -Detroit -Fort -Wayne -Chicago -Moline -Cleveland -Indianapolis -Columbus -Springfield -Keokuk -St. Louis -Kansas City -Topeka -Wichita -Joplin -Springfield -North Platte -Cheyenne -Pueblo -Denver -Memphis Chattanooga -Louisville Charleston -W ytheville -Nashville -Fort Smith -Oklahoma -City -Little Rock -Dallas -Shreveport -Jackson -Birmingham -Montgomery -Mobile -Atlanta -New Orleans -Knoxville -Savannah -Charleston -Norfolk -Columbia -Jacksonville -Richmond -Raleigh -Wilmington -Miami -Tampa -25∞ -20∞ -35∞ -30∞ -40∞ -50∞ -30∞ 15∞ -10∞ -5∞ -0∞ -–5∞ --10∞ --20∞ --25∞ --35∞ -30∞ --40∞ --15∞-10∞ --30∞ -Montreal -Huntsville -Haileybury -Arvida -Quebec -Lennoxville -Chatham Charlottetown -Amherst -St. John -Halifax -Sydney -Saranac Lake -Ottawa Montpelier -Bangor -GULF -OF -ST. LA -WRENCE -AT LA - N T I C -NEWFOUNDLAND -Gander St. John’s -Buchans -Port-aux- -Basques --10∞ -5∞HUDSON -BAY --30∞ --35∞ --15∞-25∞ -20∞ -Walkerton --10∞ Albany -Buffalo Hartford -Pittsburgh Harrisburg -Philadelphia -Baltimore -Toronto -London -New York -Washington -Asheville -GULF OF MEXICO ATL -A -N -TIC O -C -E -A -N --15∞ --10∞ --5∞ -0∞ -5∞ -15∞20∞ -10∞ -30∞ -25∞ -30∞35∞ -40∞ --35∞ --35∞ --25∞ --20∞ -Amarillo -San Antonio Houston -Santa FeGrand Canyon30∞ -Phoenix -Tucson -San Diego -Fresno -Sheridan -Lander -Pocatello -Boise -Reno -San Francisco -35∞ -40∞ -30∞ -Los Angeles -Havre -Salt Lake -City -Helena -Billings -Portland -Baker -Spokane -30∞ -Seattle -Clayoquot -Kamloops Calgary -Nelson -Cranbrook Medicine Hat -VancouverVictoria -25∞ -20∞ -5∞ 0∞ --15∞ --25∞-30∞ -40∞ --45∞ -0∞-10∞-20∞-30∞ --45∞-40∞ --5∞-10∞ -20∞ -Edmonton -Saskatoon -Prince -George -Prince Rupert -55∞ -50∞ -45∞ -40∞ -35∞ -30∞ -25∞ -105∞ -ISOTHERMAL LINES -Compiled from U.S. Department of Commerce -Environmental Data Service and Canadian -Atmospheric Environment Service. -KEY: -Lowest One-Day Mean Temperatures -Normal Daily Minimum 30∞F Temperature -JANUARY -100∞ 95∞ 90∞ 85∞ 80∞ 75∞ -Tr. No 69-2990 -25∞ -30∞ -35∞ -40∞ -45∞ -50∞ -55∞ -65∞85∞90∞95∞100∞105∞ -PAC -I -FIC -OCE -AN -D O M I N I O N O F C A N A D A -110∞115∞120∞125∞ -International -Falls -El Paso -Cincinnati -45∞ --20∞ -Source: Compiled from United States Weather Bureau records. -For SI units, ∞C = ⁵⁄₉ (∞F –32); 1 mi = 1.609 km. -Sault Ste.Marie -Concord -FIGURE A.5.3.4.1 Isothermal Lines — Lowest One-Day Mean Temperature (°F). -[24:Figure A.10.5.1] -25–71ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.6.2.3 The design information sign should be secured with -durable wire, chain, or equivalent to the water supply control -valve for automatic or semiautomatic standpipe systems and at -an approved location for manual systems. See Figure A.6.2.3 -for sample hydraulic information sign. -A.6.3.1.1 The hydraulically most remote hose connections in a -building are generally at a roof manifold, if provided, or at the -top of a stair leading to the roof. In a multizone system, the test- -ing means is generally at a test header at grade or at a suction -tank on higher floors. -A.6.3.2.2 The intent of 6.3.2.2 is to ascertain whether the system -retains its integrity under fire conditions. Minimum leakage ex- -isting only under test pressure is not cause for repair. -A.6.3.4 The normal life expectancy of a gauge is between 10 -and 15 years. A gauge can be permitted to have a reading with an -error of ±3 percent of the maximum (full scale) gauge reading. -For example, a gauge having 200 psi (13.8 bar) maximum radius -installed on a system with 60 psi (4.1 bar) normal pressure can be -permitted if the gauge reads from 54 psi to 66 psi (3.7 bar to -4.5 bar). -A.7.2.2 The requirements in 7.2.2 outline inspection inter- -vals, conditions to be inspected, and corrective actions neces- -sary for private fire service mains and associated equipment. -A.7.2.2.2 Generally, underground piping cannot be inspected -on a routine basis. However, flow testing can reveal the condition -of underground piping and should be conducted in accordance -with Section 7.3. -A.7.2.2.3 Any flow in excess of the flow through the main -drain connection should be considered significant. -A.7.3.1 Full flow tests of underground piping can be accom- -plished by methods including, but not limited to, flow through -yard hydrants, fire department connections once the check valve -has been removed, main drain connections, and hose connec- -tions. The flow test should be conducted in accordance with -NFPA 291. -A.7.4.2.2 The intent of 7.4.2.2 is to maintain adequate space -for use of hydrants during a fire emergency. The amount of -space needed depends on the configuration as well as the type -and size of accessory equipment, such as hose, wrenches, and -other devices that could be used. -A.7.5.3.1 Private fire service mains might not include a main -drain connection; therefore, other equivalent means of flow -such as an installed fire hydrant can be used. -A.8.1 A fire pump assembly provides waterflow and pressure -for private fire protection. The assembly includes the water -supply suction and discharge piping and valving; pump; elec- -tric, diesel, or steam turbine driver and control; and the auxil- -iary equipment appurtenant thereto. -A.8.1.5 Types of centrifugal fire pumps include single and mul- -tistage units of horizontal or vertical shaft design. Listed fire -pumps have rated capacities of 25 gpm to 5000 gpm (95 L/min -to 18,925 L/min), with a net pressure range from approximately -40 psi to 400 psi (2.75 bar to 27.6 bar). -(1) Horizontal Split Case.This pump has a double suction im- -peller with an inboard and outboard bearing and is used -with a positive suction supply. A variation of this design -can be mounted with the shaft in a vertical plane. [See -Figure A.8.1.5(a).] -(2) End Suction and Vertical In-Line.This pump can have either a -horizontal or vertical shaft with a single suction impeller and -a single bearing at the drive end.[See Figure A.8.1.5(b).] -(3) Vertical Shaft, Turbine Type.This pump has multiple impel- -lers and is suspended from the pump head by a column -pipe that also serves as a support for the shaft and bear- -ings. This pump is necessary where a suction lift is -needed, such as from an underground reservoir, well, -river, or lake. [See Figure A.8.1.5(c).] -A.8.1.9 Controllers include air-, hydraulic-, or electric-operated -units. These units can take power from the energy source for -their operation, or the power can be obtained elsewhere. Con- -trollers used with electric power sources can apply the source to -the driver in one (across-the-line) or two (reduced voltage or -current) steps. Controllers can be used with automatic and -manual transfer switches to select the available electric power -source where more than one is provided. -A.8.2.2 See Table A.8.2.2 and Figure A.8.2.2. -A.8.2.2(5) Visual indicators other than pilot lights can be -used for the same purpose. -A.8.3 The purpose of testing the pump assembly is to ensure -automatic or manual operation upon demand and continu- -ous delivery of the required system output. An additional pur- -pose is to detect deficiencies of the pump assembly not evident -by inspection. -A.8.3.1.2 More frequent testing might need to be considered -in areas susceptible to lightning. -A.8.3.2.8 See Table A.8.3.2.8. -A.8.3.3.1 Peak flow for a fire pump is 150 percent of the rated -flow. Minimum flow for a pump is the churn pressure. -A.8.3.3.1.2 The method described in 8.3.3.1.2.3 is not consid- -ered as complete as those in 8.3.3.1.2.1 and 8.3.3.1.2.2, because it -does not test the adequacy of the water supply for compliance -with the requirements of 8.1.6 at the suction flange. -A.8.3.3.3 A pressure relief valve that opens during a flow con- -dition is discharging water that is not measured by the record- -ing device(s). It can be necessary to temporarily close the pres- -sure relief valve to achieve favorable pump test results. At the -conclusion of the pump test, the pressure relief valve must be -readjusted to relieve pressures in excess of the normal operat- -ing pressure of the system components. -If the pressure relief valve is open during the flowing con- -ditions due to the fact that the pressure is too high for the -components in the fire protection system, the discharge con- -trol valve should be closed prior to closing the pressure relief -valve to make sure that the fire protection system is not over- -pressurized. After the test, the valve must be opened again. -Location of the two hydraulically most remote hose -connections: -Design flow rate for the connections identified above: -Design residual inlet and outlet pressures for the -connections identified above: -Design static pressure and design system demand -(i.e., flow and residual pressure) at the system control -valve, or at the pump discharge flange where a pump -is installed, and at each fire department connection: -FIGURE A.6.2.3 Sample Hydraulic Sign. [14:Figure A.6.8] -25–72 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -170 -37125 -22 33 -18 -123 -37 -125 33 -123 -40 6 20 17 -29 127 -13 14 7 -1B 2 -87 -127 -32 63 29 13 17 20 -35 41 31 -44 46 48 54 50 52 -40 68 16 22 -22 -18 78 -23 -1A -42 -131 -The numbers used in this figure do not necessarily represent standard part numbers used by any manufacturer. -1A Casing, lower half -1B Casing, upper half - 2 Impeller - 6 Shaft, pump - 7 Ring, casing - 8 Ring, impeller -13 Packing -14 Sleeve, shaft -16 Bearing, inboard -17 Gland -18 Bearing, outboard -20 Nut, shaft sleeve -22 Locknut -23 Base plate -29 Ring, lantern -31 Housing, bearing, inboard -32 Key, impeller -33 Housing, bearing, outboard -35 Cover, bearing, inboard -37 Cover, bearing, outboard -40 Deflector -41 Cap, bearing, inboard -42 Coupling half driver -44 Coupling half, pump -46 Key, coupling -48 Bushing, coupling -50 Locknut, coupling -52 Pin, coupling -54 Washer, coupling -63 Bushing, stuffing box -68 Collar, shaft -78 Spacer, bearing -123 Cover, bearing end -125 Cup, grease -127 Piping, seal -131 Guard, coupling -170 Adapter, bearing -FIGURE A.8.1.5(a) Impeller Between Bearings, Separately Coupled, Single-Stage Axial -(Horizontal) Split Case. (Courtesy of the Hydraulic Institute, Parsippany, NJ, www.Pumps.org.) -19 40 14 1713 29 71 38 32 2711 1 73 -9 -2 -6 25 -24 -30 -The numbers used in this figure do not necessarily represent standard part numbers used by any manufacturer. - 1 Casing - 2 Impeller - 6 Shaft - 9 Cover, suction -11 Cover, stuffing box -13 Packing -14 Sleeve, shaft -17 Gland -19 Frame -24 Nut, impeller -25 Ring, suction cover -27 Ring, stuffing box cover -29 Ring, lantern -30 Gasket, impeller nut -32 Key, impeller -38 Gasket, shaft sleeve -40 Deflector -71 Adapter -73 Gasket -FIGURE A.8.1.5(b) Overhung Impeller, Close-Coupled, Single-Stage, End Suction. (Courtesy of -the Hydraulic Institute, Parsippany, NJ, www.Pumps.org.) -25–73ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.8.3.3.3.1 A pressure relief valve that is open during a flow -condition will affect test results. -A.8.3.3.5 It is not the intent to verify that all the alarm condi- -tions required by NFPA 20 (e.g., low oil pressure, high coolant -temperature, failure of engine to start, engine overspeed) -transmit individually to a remote location, as long as these -alarms can be individually verified at the fire pump controller. -A.8.3.3.6 See also NFPA 70Efor additional safety guidance. -A.8.3.3.7 During periods of unusual water supply conditions -such as floods, inspection should be on a daily basis. -A.8.3.3.8 ECM and Sensor Testing.To verify the operation of -the alternate ECM with the stop, the ECM selector switch -should be moved to the alternate ECM position. Reposition- -ing of this should cause an alarm on the fire pump controller. -Then the engine is started; it should operate normally with all -functions. Next, the engine is shut down, switched back to the -primary ECM, and restarted briefly to verify that correct -switchback has been accomplished. -To verify the operation of the redundant sensor, with the -engine running, the wires are disconnected from the primary -sensor. There should be no change in the engine operation. - 2 Impeller - 6 Shaft, pump - 8 Ring, impeller - 10 Shaft, head - 12 Shaft, drive - 13 Packing - 17 Gland - 29 Ring, lantern - 39 Bushing, bearing - 55 Bell, suction - 63 Bushing, stuffing box - 64 Collar, protecting - 66 Nut, Shaft adjusting - 70 Coupling, shaft - 77 Lubricator - 79 Bracket, lubricator - 83 Stuffing box - 84 Collet, impeller lock - 85 Tube, shaft enclosing -101 Pipe, column -103 Bearing, line shaft, enclosed -183 Nut, tubing -185 Plate, tension, tubing -187 Head, surface discharge -189 Flange, top column -191 Coupling, column pipe -193 Retainer bearing, open lineshaft -195 Adapter, tubing -197 Case, discharge -199 Bowl, intermediate -203 Case, suction -209 Strainer -211 Pipe, suction -The cross-sectional views illustrate the largest possible number of parts in their proper relationship and some -construction modifications but do not necessarily represent recommended design. -66 -10 -77 -17 -83 -79 -183 -39 -185 -13 -29 -13 -63 -187 -189 -101 -70 -12 -103 -85 -191 -193 -39 -195 -197 -6 -39 -199 -84 -2 -8 -39 -39 -64 -39 -55 -39 -203 -211 -209 -Enclosed lineshaft-type -enclosed impeller -Open lineshaft-type -semi-open impeller -FIGURE A.8.1.5(c) Turbine-Type, Vertical, Multistage, Deep Well. (Courtesy of the Hydraulic -Institute, Parsippany, NJ, www.Pumps.org.) -25–74 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -The wires are then reconnected to the sensor, then discon- -nected from the redundant sensor. There should be no -change in the engine operation. The wires should next be -reconnected to the sensor. This process is repeated for all pri- -mary and redundant sensors on the engines. It should be -noted whether disconnecting and reconnecting of wires to the -sensors can be done while the engine is not running, then -starting the engine after each disconnecting and reconnect- -ing of the wires to verify engine operation. -A.8.3.4.4 If pumps and drivers were shipped from the factory -with both machines mounted on a common base plate, they -were accurately aligned before shipment. All base plates are -flexible to some extent and, therefore, must not be relied on -to maintain the factory alignment. Realignment is necessary -after the complete unit has been leveled on the foundation -and again after the grout has set and foundation bolts have -been tightened. The alignment should be checked after the -unit is piped and rechecked periodically. To facilitate accurate -field alignment, most manufacturers either do not dowel the -pumps or drivers on the base plates before shipment or, at -most, dowel the pump only. -After the pump and driver unit has been placed on the -foundation, the coupling halves should be disconnected. The -coupling should not be reconnected until the alignment op- -erations have been completed. -The purpose of the flexible coupling is to compensate for -temperature changes and to permit end movement of the -shafts without interference with each other while transmitting -power from the driver to the pump. -There are two forms of misalignment between the pump -shaft and the driver shaft: -(1) Angular misalignment.Shafts with axes concentric but not -parallel -(2) Parallel misalignment. Shafts with axes parallel but not -concentric -The faces of the coupling halves should be spaced within -the manufacturer’s recommendations and far enough apart -so that they cannot strike each other when the driver rotor is -moved hard over toward the pump. Due allowance should be -made for wear of the thrust bearings. The necessary tools for -an approximate check of the alignment of a flexible coupling -are a straight edge and a taper gauge or a set of feeler gauges. -High water -Screens -Lowest standing -water level -Bottom -of reservoir -Strainer -Yard system -Removable panel -Screen raised -Rack -FIGURE A.8.2.2 Wet Pit Suction Screen Installation. -Table A.8.2.2 Observations — Before Pumping -Item Before Pump Is Operated -Horizontal -pumps -1. Check drip pockets under packing glands -for proper drainage. Standing water in drip -pockets is the most common cause of -bearing failure. -2. Check packing adjustment — approximately -one drop per second is necessary to keep -packing lubricated. -3. Observe suction and discharge gauges. -Readings higher than suction pressure -indicate leakage back from system pressure -through either the fire pump or jockey pump. -Table A.8.3.2.8 Observations — While Pumping -Item While Pump Is Operating -Horizontal pumps 1. Read suction and discharge gauges — difference between these readings indicates churn -pressure, which should match churn pressure as shown on fire pump nameplate. -2. Observe packing glands for proper leakage for cooling of packing. -3. Observe discharge from casing relief valve — adequate flow keeps pump case from overheating. -Vertical pumps 1. Read discharge gauge — add distance to water level in feet (or meters) and divide by 2.31 to -compute psi (30.47 to compute bar). This total must match churn pressure as shown on fire -pump nameplate. -2. Observe packing glands for proper leakage for cooling of packing. -3. Observe discharge from casing relief valve — adequate flow keeps pump case from overheating. -Diesel engines 1. Observe discharge of cooling water from heat exchanger — if not adequate, check strainer in -cooling system for obstructions. If still not adequate, adjust pressure reducing valve for correct flow. -2. Check engine instrument panel for correct speed, oil pressure, water temperature, and ammeter -charging rate. -3. Check battery terminal connections for corrosion and clean if necessary. -4. After pump has stopped running, check intake screens, if provided; change diesel system pressure -recorder chart and rewind if necessary. -25–75ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A check for angular alignment is made by inserting the -taper gauge or feelers at four points between the coupling -faces and comparing the distance between the faces at four -points spaced at 90 degree intervals around the coupling [see -Figure A.8.3.4.4(a)]. The unit will be in angular alignment -when the measurements show that the coupling faces are the -same distance apart at all points. -A check for parallel alignment is made by placing a straight -edge across both coupling rims at the top, bottom, and at both -sides [see Figure A.8.3.4.4(b)].The unit will be in parallel align- -ment when the straight edge rests evenly on the coupling rim -at all positions. Allowance might be necessary for temperature -changes and for coupling halves that are not of the same out- -side diameter. Care must be taken to have the straight edge -parallel to the axes of the shafts. -Angular and parallel misalignment are corrected by means -of shims under the motor mounting feet. After each change, it -is necessary to recheck the alignment of the coupling halves. -Adjustment in one direction might disturb adjustments al- -ready made in another direction. It should not be necessary to -adjust the shims under the pump. -The permissible amount of misalignment will vary with the -type of pump and driver; and coupling manufacturer, model, -and size. [20: A.6.5] -A.8.3.5.1 Where the information is available, the test plot -should be compared with the original acceptance test plot. It -should be recognized that the acceptance test plot could ex- -ceed the minimum acceptable pump requirements as indi- -cated by the rated characteristics for the pump. While a reduc- -tion in output is a matter of concern, this condition should be -evaluated in light of meeting the rated characteristics for the -pump. [See Figure A.8.3.5.3(1)(a).] -The test equipment should be of high quality and accuracy. -All equipment should have been calibrated within the last -12 months by an approved calibration facility. Where possible, -the calibration facility should provide documentation indicat- -ing the instrument reading against the calibrated reading. In- -struments that pass the calibration test should be labeled by -the calibration facility with the name of the facility and the -date of the test. -Pressure gauges should have an accuracy not greater than -1 percent of full scale. To prevent damage to a pressure gauge -utilizing a Bourdon tube mechanism, it should not be used -where the expected test pressure is greater than 75 percent of -the test gauge scale. Some digital gauges can be subjected to -twice the full scale pressure without damage. The manufactur- -er’s recommendations should be consulted for the proper use -of the gauge. To be able to easily read an analog gauge, the -diameter of the face of the analog gauge should be greater -than 3 in. (76 mm). Pressure snubbers should be used for all -gauges to minimize needle fluctuation. All gauges used in the -test should be such that a gauge with the lowest full scale pres- -sure is used. For example, a 300 psi (20.7 bar) gauge should -not be used to measure a 20 psi (1.4 bar) pitot pressure. -Equipment other than pressure gauges, such as volt/ -ammeters, tachometers, and flowmeters, should be calibrated -to the manufacturer’s specifications. The readings from -equipment with this level of accuracy and calibration can be -used without adjustment for accuracy. -A.8.3.5.3(1) See Figure A.8.3.5.3(1)(a) and Figure -A.8.3.5.3(1)(b). -A.8.3.5.4 See Annex C. -A.8.4.2 See 8.3.3.4. -A.8.5.1 It is important to provide proper bearing lubrication -and to keep bearings clean. Some bearings are the sealed type -and need no relubrication. Couplings with rubber drive parts -do not need lubrication; other types generally do. The follow- -ing practices are recommended: -(1) Lubricant fittings should be cleaned before relubricating -with grease. -(2) The proper amount of lubricant should be used. Too -much lubricant results in churning, causing excessive -power loss and overheating. -(3) The correct lubricant should be used. -Engine Maintenance. Engines should be kept clean, dry, -and well lubricated. The proper oil level in the crankcase -should be maintained. -FIGURE A.8.3.4.4(a) Checking Angular Alignment. (Courtesy -of the Hydraulic Institute, Parsippany, NJ, www.Pumps.org) -FIGURE A.8.3.4.4(b) Checking Parallel Alignment. (Courtesy -of the Hydraulic Institute, Parsippany, NJ, www.Pumps.org.) -25–76 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Certified factory test curve -Alternate power source (if available) -164.3 -180 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 -0 -120 -140 -160Pressure (psi) + -126.0 -125.0 -124.3 -180016001400120010008006004002000 -Flow (gpm) -40.0 -30.0 -20.0 -132.7 -103.0 102.7 -100.0 95.7 -77.0 -75.7 -74.570.0 -Suction supply -Corrected performance -Most recent field test data (if available) -Corrected system performance+ -FIGURE A.8.3.5.3(1)(a) Fire Pump Performance Curve — Corrected Data. -180 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 -0 -120 -140 -160 -180016001400120010008006004002000 -Pressure (psi) -Flow (gpm) -165.0 -132.0 -94.0 -40.0 -30.0 -20.0 -74.0 -112.5 -110.1 -102.0 -125.0 -Suction supply -Unadjusted net boost -Unadjusted system performance -System design #1 (if available) -System design #2 (if available) -FIGURE A.8.3.5.3(1)(b) Fire Pump Performance Curve — Unadjusted Data. -25–77ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Battery Maintenance. Only distilled water should be used in -battery cells. Plates should be kept submerged at all times. An -automatic battery charger is not a substitute for proper mainte- -nance of the battery and charger. Periodic inspection ensures -that the charger is operating correctly, the water level in the bat- -tery is adequate, and the battery is holding its proper charge. -Fuel Supply Maintenance. The fuel storage tank should be -kept at least two-thirds full. Fuel should be maintained free of -water and foreign material by draining water and foreign ma- -terial from the tank sump annually. This necessitates draining -approximately 5 gal (19 L). -Temperature Maintenance. The temperature of the pump -room, pump house, or area where engines are installed should -never be less than the minimum recommended by the engine -manufacturer. The manufacturer’s temperature recommenda- -tions for water and oil heaters should be followed. -A.9.1 One source of information on the inspection and main- -tenance of steel gravity and suction tanks is the AWWAManual -of Water Supply Practices — M42 Steel Water-Storage Tanks, Part III -and Annex C. -A.9.1.5 The inspection, testing, and maintenance of water stor- -age tanks can involve or result in a system that is out of service. In -cases where a tank is the sole source of supply to a fire protection -system, it is recommended that an alternate water supply be ar- -ranged while maintenance is performed on the tank. -A.9.2.1.1 More frequent inspections should be made where -extreme conditions, such as freezing temperatures or arid cli- -mate, can increase the probability of adversely affecting the -stored water. -Supervisory water level alarms installed on tanks provide -notification that the tank water level is above or below an ac- -ceptable level. The water level of the tank is the main concern -as opposed to the condition of the water. For convenience, -inspection of the condition of the water can take place concur- -rently with the water level inspection. -A.9.2.5.1 Lightning protection systems, where provided, -should be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance -with NFPA 780,Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection -Systems. -A.9.2.6.1.1 To aid in the inspection and evaluation of test -results, it is a good idea for the property owner or designated -representative to stencil the last known date of an interior -paint job on the exterior of the tank in a conspicuous place. A -typical place is near one of the manways at eye level. -A.9.2.6.5 This inspection can be performed by looking for -dents on the tank floor. Additionally, walking on the tank floor -and looking for buckling of the floor will identify problem areas. -A.9.3.1 The testing procedure for listed mercury gauges is as -follows. -To determine that the mercury gauge is accurate, the gauge -should be tested every 5 years as follows [steps (1) through (7) -coincide with Figure A.9.3.1]: -(1) Overflow the tank. -(2) Close valve F. Open test cock D. The mercury will drop -quickly into the mercury pot. If it does not drop, there is -an obstruction that needs to be removed from the pipe or -pot between the test cock and the gauge glass. -(3) If the mercury does lower at once, close cock D and open -valve F. If the mercury responds immediately and comes -to rest promptly opposite the “FULL” mark on the gauge -board, the instrument is functioning properly. -(4) If the mercury column does not respond promptly and -indicate the correct reading during the test, there prob- -ably are air pockets or obstructions in the water connect- -ing pipe. Open cock D. Water should flow out forcibly. -Allow water to flow through cock D until all air is expelled -and rusty water from the tank riser appears. Close cock D. -The gauge now likely will read correctly. If air separates -from the water in the 1 in. (25 mm) pipe due to being -enclosed in a buried tile conduit with steam pipes, the air -can be removed automatically by installing a 3⁄4 in. -(20 mm) air trap at the high point of the piping. The air -trap usually can be installed most easily in a tee connected -by a short piece of pipe at E, with a plug in the top of the -tee so that mercury can be added in the future, if neces- -sary, without removing the trap. If there are inaccessible -pockets in the piping, as where located below grade or -under concrete floors, the air can be removed only -through petcock D. -For marking on -cover, see full-size -sketch above -before admitting -water. Fill with mercury -to graduation corres- -ponding with full water -level in tank. -W -ATER -LEVEL -FILL -Mercury -catcher -Not a standard -part of equipment. -Install when nec- -essary to prevent -blowing out -of mercury. -A -Make pipe (C) as -short as possible -without air pockets. -If another valve is -placed in this pipe -near the tank riser, -it should be a 1 in. -OS&Y gate -padlocked open. -G -F -E OS&Y -valve -D -EG -All parts to be fastened to wall. -Do not use brass pipe -for connections to -mercury pot. 1 in. galv. -iron pipe -¹⁄₄ in. double plug -Mercury potMercury level when -pressure is on gauge -200 -100 -150 -50B -Standard marking for -mercury pot cover. -C -Note: For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm. -HEIGHT FOR FULL -M -ERCURY -YEARS OF MFR. -MFRS. INITIALS -FEET -200 -100 -150 -50 -FIGURE A.9.3.1 Mercury Gauge. -25–78 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -(5) If, in step (4), the water does not flow forcibly through -cock D, there is an obstruction that needs to be removed -from the outlet of the test cock or from the water pipe -between the test cock and the tank riser. -(6) If there is water on top of the mercury column in the -gauge glass, it will provide inaccurate readings and should -be removed. First, lower the mercury into the pot as in -step (2). Close cock D and remove plug G. Open valve F -very slowly, causing the mercury to rise slowly and the wa- -ter above it to drain through plug G. Close valve F quickly -when mercury appears at plug G, but have a receptacle -ready to catch any mercury that drains out. Replace plug -G. Replace any escaped mercury in the pot. -(7) After testing, leave valve F open, except under the follow- -ing conditions: If it is necessary to prevent forcing mer- -cury and water into the mercury catcher, the controlling -valve F can be permitted to be closed when filling the tank -but should be left open after the tank is filled. In cases -where the gauge is subjected to continual fluctuation of -pressure, it could be necessary to keep the gauge shut off -except when it needs to be read. Otherwise, it could be -necessary to remove water frequently from the top of the -mercury column as in step (5). -A.9.3.4 The manufacturer’s instructions should be consulted -for guidance on testing. In some situations, it might not be -possible to test the actual initiating device. In such cases, only -the circuitry should be tested. -A.9.3.5 See A.9.3.4. -A.10.1 The effectiveness and reliability of water spray fixed -systems depends on maintenance of the integrity of hydraulic -characteristics, water control valves, deluge valves and their -fire detection/actuation systems, pipe hangers, and preven- -tion of obstructions to nozzle discharge patterns. -Water spray fixed systems are most commonly used to pro- -tect processing equipment and structures, flammable liquid -and gas vessels, piping, and equipment such as transformers, -oil switches, and motors. They also have been shown to be -effective on many combustible solids. -Many of the components and subsystems found in a water -spray system require the same inspection, test, and mainte- -nance procedures where they are used in automatic sprinkler -systems and other fixed water-based fire protection systems. -Other chapters of this standard should be consulted for par- -ticulars on required inspection and maintenance. -A.10.1.3 Insulation acting in lieu of water spray protection is -expected to protect a vessel or structure for the duration of -the exposure. The insulation is to prevent the temperature -from exceeding 850°F (454°C) for structural members and -650°F (393°C) for vessels. If the insulation is missing, the struc- -ture or vessel is not considered to be protected, regardless of -water spray protection or insulation on other surfaces. To re- -establish the proper protection, the insulation should be re- -placed or the water spray protection should be extended, us- -ing the appropriate density. -A.10.1.6 The inspection, testing, and maintenance of water -spray fixed systems can involve or result in a system that is out -of service. Also see Chapter 15. -A.10.2.4 The operation of the water spray system is depen- -dent on the integrity of the piping, which should be kept in -good condition and free of mechanical damage. The pipe -should not be used for support of ladders, stock, or other ma- -terial. Where piping is subject to a corrosive atmosphere, a -protective corrosion-resistant coating should be provided and -maintained. Where the age or service conditions warrant, an -internal examination of the piping should be made. Where it -is necessary to flush all or part of the piping system, this work -should be done by sprinkler contractors or other qualified -workers. -A.10.2.4.1 Rubber-gasketed fittings in the fire areas are in- -spected to determine whether they are protected by the water -spray or other approved means. Unless properly protected, -fire could cause loss of the rubber gasket following excessive -leakage in a fire situation. -A.10.2.4.2 Hangers and supports are designed to support and -restrain the piping from severe movement when the water supply -operates and to provide adequate pipe slope for drainage of wa- -ter from the piping after the water spray system is shut down. -Hangers should be kept in good repair. Broken or loose hangers -can put undue strain on piping and fittings, cause pipe breaks, -and interfere with proper drainage of the pipe. Broken or loose -hangers should be replaced or refastened. -A.10.2.5 Systems need inspection to ensure water spray -nozzles effectively discharge water unobstructed onto surfaces -to be protected from radiant heat (exposure protection) or -onto flaming surfaces to extinguish or control combustion. -Factors affecting the proper placement of water spray nozzles -include the following: -(1) Changes or additions to the protected area that obstruct -existing nozzles or require additional coverage for com- -pliance -(2) Removal of equipment from the protected area that results -in nozzle placement at excessive distances from the hazard -(3) Mechanical damage or previous flow tests that have caused -nozzles to be misdirected -(4) A change in the hazard being protected that requires more -or different nozzles to provide adequate coverage for -compliance -Spray nozzles can be permitted to be placed in any position -necessary to obtain proper coverage of the protected area. -Positioning of nozzles with respect to surfaces to be protected, -or to fires to be controlled or extinguished, should be guided -by the particular nozzle design and the character of water -spray produced. In positioning nozzles, care should be taken -that the water spray does not miss the targeted surface and -reduce the efficiency or calculated discharge rate. -A.10.2.6.2 Water supply piping should be free of internal ob- -structions that can be caused by debris (e.g., rocks, mud, tu- -bercles) or by closed or partially closed control valves. See -Chapter 5 for inspection and maintenance requirements. -A.10.2.7 Mainline strainers should be removed and in- -spected for damaged and corroded parts every 5 years. -A.10.3.3 The property owner or designated representative -should take care to prevent damage to equipment or the struc- -ture during the test. Damage could be caused by the system -discharge or by runoff from the test site. It should be verified -that there is adequate and unobstructed drainage. Equipment -should be removed or covered as necessary to prevent dam- -age. Means such as curbing or sandbagging should be used to -prevent entry of the water. -25–79ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.10.3.4.1 Test methods are as follows: -(1) Some detection circuits can be permitted to be deliberately -desensitized in order to override unusual ambient condi- -tions. In such cases, the response required in 10.3.4.1 can be -permitted to be exceeded. -(2) Testing of integrating tubing systems can be permitted to -be related to this test by means of a standard pressure -impulse test specified by the listing laboratory. -(3) One method of testing heat detection uses a radiant heat -surface at a temperature of 300°F (149°C) and a capacity -of 350 watts at a distance of 1 in. (25 mm) but not more -than 2 in. (50 mm) from the nearest part of the detector. -This method of testing with an electric test set should not -be used in hazardous locations. Other test methods can -be permitted to be employed, but the results should be -obtained under these conditions. -A.10.3.4.3 Spray nozzles can be of different sizes and types. -Some are more subject to internal obstructions than others. -A.10.3.4.3.1 See 13.4.3.2.2.2. -A.11.2.5 Directional-type foam-water discharge devices are -quite often located in heavy traffic areas and are more apt to -be dislocated compared to ordinary sprinkler locations. Of -particular concern are low-level discharge devices in loading -racks in and around low-level tankage and monitor-mounted -devices that have been pushed out of the way for convenience. -Inspection frequency might have to be increased accordingly. -A.11.2.5.4 Discharge devices are listed or approved for par- -ticular foam concentrates. -A.11.2.6.2 Water supply piping should be free of internal ob- -structions that can be caused by debris (e.g., rocks, mud, tu- -bercles) or by closed or partially closed control valves. See -Chapter 5 for inspection and maintenance requirements. -A.11.2.9 Proportioning systems might or might not include -foam concentrate pumps. If pumps are part of the proportion- -ing system, the driver, pump, and gear reducer should be -checked in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommenda- -tions, and the check can include items such as lubrication, -fuel, filters, oil levels, and clutches. -A.11.2.9.4 In some cases, an adequate supply of foam liquid is -available without a full tank. This is particularly true of foam -liquid stored in nonmetallic tanks. If liquid is stored in metal- -lic tanks, the proper liquid level should be one-half the dis- -tance into the expansion dome. -A.11.2.9.5.1.1 The standard pressure proportioner is a pres- -sure vessel. Although under normal standby conditions this -type of proportioning system should not be pressurized, some -installations allow for inadvertent pressurization. Pressure -should be removed before inspection. -A.11.2.9.5.2.1 The bladder tank proportioner is a pressure -vessel. Where inspecting for a full liquid tank, the manufactur- -er’s instructions should be followed. If checked incorrectly, -the tank sight gauges could indicate a full tank when the tank -actually is empty of foam liquid. Some foam liquids, due to -their viscosity, might not indicate true levels of foam liquid in -the tank where checked via the sight glass. -CAUTION: Depending on system configuration, this type of -proportioner system might be pressurized or nonpressurized -under normal conditions. Pressure should be removed before -inspection. -A.11.2.9.5.3(1) See 11.2.7.1. -A.11.2.9.5.3(2) See Figure A.3.3.26. -A.11.2.9.5.4(1) See 11.2.7.1. -A.11.2.9.5.4(2) See Figure A.3.3.26. -A.11.2.9.5.5(1) See 11.2.7.1. -A.11.2.9.5.5(2) See Figure A.3.3.26. -A.11.2.9.5.6(1) See 11.2.7.1. -A.11.2.9.5.6(2) See Figure A.3.3.26. -A.11.3 Operational tests generally should be comprised of -the following: -(1) A detection/actuation test with no flow to verify that all -components such as automated valves, foam and water -pumps, and alarms operate properly -(2) A water-only flow test to check piping continuity, dis- -charge patterns, pressures, and line flushing -(3) A foam flow test to verify solution concentration -(4) Resetting of system to its normal standby condition, in- -cluding draining of lines and filling of foam liquid tank -A.11.3.1 The property owner or designated representative -should take care to prevent damage to equipment or the struc- -ture during the test. Damage could be caused by the system -discharge or by runoff from the test site. It should be verified -that there is adequate and unobstructed drainage. Equipment -should be removed or covered as necessary to prevent dam- -age. Means such as curbing or sandbagging should be used to -prevent entry of the foam-water solution. -A.11.3.2 An alternative method for achieving flow can be per- -mitted to be an installation as shown in Figure A.11.3.2. This -type of testing does not verify system pipe conditions or dis- -charge device performance but only the water supply, foam -concentrate supply, and proportioning accuracy. -A.11.3.2.7 Specific foam concentrates typically are listed or -approved with specific sprinklers. Part of the approval and -listing is a minimum sprinkler operating pressure. Sprinkler -operating pressure affects foam quality, discharge patterns, -and fire extinguishment (control) capabilities. Discharge -pressures less than this specified minimum pressure should be -corrected immediately; therefore, it is necessary to test under -full flow conditions. -A.11.4 The maintenance items specified in the body of this -standard are in addition to the typical inspection and test pro- -cedures indicated. Foam-water systems are, as are all fire pro- -tection systems, designed to be basically maintenance free. -There are, however, some areas that need special attention. -Foam concentrate shelf life varies between liquids and is af- -fected by factors such as heat, cold, dilution, contamination, -and many others. As with all systems, common sense dictates -those maintenance-sensitive areas that should be given atten- -tion. Routine testing and inspection generally dictate the -need for additional maintenance items. Those maintenance -items specified are key procedures that should be performed -routinely. -A.11.4.3.2 Foam concentrates tend to settle out over time. -Depending on the specific characteristics of the foam concen- -trate, sedimentation accumulates in the bottom of the storage -vessel. This sediment can affect proportioning and foam con- -centrate integrity. Some concentrates tend to settle out more -rapidly than others. If the annual samples indicate excessive -25–80 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -sediment, flushing the tank could be required more fre- -quently. -A.11.4.4.2 Where hydrostatically testing bladder tanks, the -generation of a pressure differential across the diaphragm -should not be allowed. The manufacturer should be consulted -for specific procedures. -A.12.1.4 If differences indicate a significant change or dete- -rioration in performance, appropriate maintenance actions -should be taken to restore the component or system to its -original performance. [750:13.2.4] -A.12.2.10 The representative sample should include 10 per- -cent of the water mist nozzles in the activated zone. If contami- -nation of filters or strainers is found on inspection, it is recom- -mended that all nozzles within the activated zone be -inspected. [750: A.13.3.10] -A.13.1 Alarm Valves.Alarm valves are installed in water-based -fire protection systems to sound a fire alarm when a flow of -water from the system equals or exceeds the flow of a single -discharge device. A retarding chamber, which minimizes false -alarms due to surges and fluctuating water supply pressure, -can be supplied with the alarm valve. -Backflow Prevention Devices.Backflow prevention devices are -used to prevent water in a fire protection system from entering -the public water supply due to a reverse flow of water, thermal -expansion, hydraulic shock, back pressure, or back siphonage. -[See Figure A.13.1(a).] -Ball Valves.Ball valves are manually operated through their -full range of open to closed positions with a one-quarter turn. -Butterfly Valves. Butterfly valves are water supply control -valves with gear operators to assist in opening and closing. -Butterfly valves can be of the wafer or grooved-end type. [See -Figure A.13.1(b).] -Check Valves.Check valves allow water flow in one direction -only. [See Figure A.13.1(c).] -DCA. A double check assembly (DCA) consists of two inde- -pendently operating spring-loaded check valves. The assembly -includes two resilient-seated isolation valves and four test -cocks required for testing. -DCDA. A double check detector assembly (DCDA) is hy- -draulically balanced to include a metered bypass assembly to -detect system leakage. The main valve assembly and bypass -assembly afford equal levels of backflow prevention and are -each equipped with two resilient-seated isolation valves and -four test cocks required for testing. -Deluge Valves. Deluge valves hold water at the valve until -actuated by the operation of a detection system or manual -release. [See Figure A.13.1(d).] -Drip Valves.Drip valves automatically drain condensation or -small amounts of water that have leaked into system piping or -valves. Drip valves close when exposed to system pressure. -Dry Pipe Valves.Dry pipe valves control the flow of water to -areas that could be exposed to freezing conditions. Water is -held at the valve by air pressure in the system piping. When the -To sprinklers -Test connection -Proportioner controller -To isolation valve -Water supply -(Controller after -sprinkler valve) -OPTION A -To plant alarms -Flow alarm switch -To sprinklers -From proportioner -To proportioner -(Controller before -sprinkler valve) -OPTION B -To isolation valve Flow alarm switch -OS&Y valve (supervised) -OS&Y valve (supervised) -Sprinkler valve (alarm, dry pipe, -or deluge) -OS&Y valve (supervised) -Water supply -Proportioner controller -Test connection -Note: -Details typical of wet pipe sprinkler system -with bladder-type proportioner -Concentrate isolation valve -To plant alarms -Sprinkler valve (alarm, dry pipe, -or deluge) -To proportioner -Concentrate isolation valve -From proportioner -FIGURE A.11.3.2 Foam System/Test Header Combination. -25–81ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -air pressure is reduced, the valve operates and floods the sys- -tem. [See Figure A.13.1(e) and Figure A.13.1(f).] -Indicating Valves. Indicating valves provide a dependable, -visible indication of the open position, even at a distance. -Indicator Posts. Indicator posts include wall and under- -ground types and are intended for use in operating inside -screwed pattern gate valves and for indicating the position of -the gates in the valves. [See Figure A.13.1(g).] -NRS Gate Valves, OS&Y Gate Valves.Nonrising stem (NRS) -gate valves are used underground with indicator posts at- -tached or as roadway box valves (curb-box installation). Out- -side screw and yoke (OS&Y) gate valves are used indoors and -in pits outdoors. The valve stem moves out when the valve is -open and moves in when it is closed. The stem indicates the -position of the valve. [See Figure A.13.1(h) and Figure A.13.1(i).] -RPA. A reduced-pressure zone principle assembly (RPA) -consists of two independently spring-loaded check valves sepa- -rated by a differential-sensing valve. The differential-sensing -valve includes a relief port to atmosphere that discharges ex- -cess water resulting from supply system fluctuations. The as- -sembly includes two resilient-seated isolation valves and four -test cocks required for testing. -RPDA. A reduced-pressure detector assembly (RPDA) is hy- -draulically balanced to include a metered bypass assembly to -detect system leakage. The main valve assembly and bypass -assembly afford equal levels of backflow prevention, and each -assembly is equipped with two resilient-seated isolation valves -and four test cocks required for testing. -Strainers. Strainers are used for protection against clogging -of water discharge openings. -B -A -Drain funnel -optional -Shown 90° -out of -position -for clarity -D -(open) -Support -3 in. (76 mm) -and larger -Flow -30 in. -(762 mm) -maximum -12 in. -(305 mm) -minimum -C -Indoor installation -FIGURE A.13.1(a) Reduced-Pressure Backflow Preventers (left) and Double Check Valve -Assemblies (right). -FIGURE A.13.1(b) Butterfly Post Indicator Valve. (Courtesy of -Henry Pratt Co.) - FIGURE A.13.1(c) Detector Check Valve. -25–82 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Open sprinkler -Water -supply -Viking -deluge -valve -Check -valve To -drain -From -air supply -FIGURE A.13.1(d) Deluge Valve. -Main air clapper -and seat -Intermediate or no -pressure chamber -Main water clapper -and seat -Air pressure -Air pressure -gauge -To -alarm -Main water control valve -Water supply pipe -Water pressure gauge -Main drain valve -Riser -Water pressure -FIGURE A.13.1(e) Dry Pipe Valve. -Passageway G -Accelo check -diaphragm assembly -Gauge port -Top chamber -Diaphragm -assembly -Passageway E -Cavity H -Passageway F -Filter assembly -Poppet -Push rod -Middle -chamber -FIGURE A.13.1(f) Dry Pipe System Accelerator. (Courtesy of -The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc.) -18 -17 -15 -16 -Parts list -DescriptionNo -Cap -Operating stem oil hole screw -Operating stem -Operating wrench -Retaining ring -Target plate screw & nut -Target plate-shut -Target -Indicator post staple -Target plate-open -Indicator post -Extension rod-specify lgth. -Extension rod coupling -Coupling pin -Window glass -Window frame -Window frame screw -Cap bolt & nut -Set screw -Sleeve bonnet20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -SHUT -OPEN -1 -20 -14 -1319 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -432 -FIGURE A.13.1(g) Vertical Indicator Post. -25–83ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Waterflow Detector Check Valves.Detector-type check valves al- -low flow in one direction only and have provisions for the con- -nection of a bypass meter around the check valve. [See Figure -A.13.1(c).] -A.13.2.3 The valves are not required to be exposed. Doors, re- -movable panels, or valve pits can be permitted to satisfy this re- -quirement. Such equipment should not be obstructed by fea- -tures such as walls, ducts, columns, direct burial, or stock storage. -A.13.2.5 Main drains are installed on system risers for one prin- -cipal reason: to drain water from the overhead piping after the -system is shut off. This allows the contractor or plant mainte- -nance department to perform work on the system or to replace -nozzles after a fire or other incident involving system operation. -The test for standpipe systems should be done at the low- -point drain for each standpipe or the main drain test connec- -tion where the supply main enters the building. -These drains also are used to determine whether there is a -major reduction in waterflow to the system, such as could be -caused by a major obstruction, a dropped gate, a valve that is -almost fully closed, or a check valve clapper stuck to the valve -seat. -A large drop in the full flow pressure of the main drain (as -compared to previous tests) normally is indicative of a danger- -ously reduced water supply caused by a valve in an almost fully -closed position or other type of severe obstruction. After clos- -ing the drain, a slow return to normal static pressure is confir- -mation of the suspicion of a major obstruction in the waterway -and should be considered sufficient reason to determine the -cause of the variation. -A satisfactory drain test (i.e., one that reflects the results of -previous tests) does not necessarily indicate an unobstructed -passage, nor does it prove that all valves in the upstream flow -of water are fully opened. The performance of drain tests is -not a substitute for a valve check on 100 percent of the fire -protection valving. -The main drain test is conducted in the following manner: -(1) Record the pressure indicated by the supply water gauge. -(2) Close the alarm control valve on alarm valves. -(3) Fully open the main drain valve. -(4) After the flow has stabilized, record the residual (flowing) -pressure indicated by the water supply gauge. -(5) Close the main drain valve slowly. -(6) Record the time taken for the supply water pressure to -return to the original static (nonflowing) pressure. -(7) Open the alarm control valve. -A.13.3.1 Signs identifying underground fire service main con- -trol valves in roadway boxes should indicate the direction of valve -opening, the distance and direction of the valve from the sign -location (if the valve is subject to being covered by snow or ice), -and the location of the wrench if not located with the sign. -A.13.3.1.2 Valves that normally are closed during cold -weather should be removed and replaced with devices that -provide continuous fire protection service. -A.13.3.2.2 Valves should be kept free of snow, ice, storage, or -other obstructions so that access is ensured. -A.13.3.2.2(2) The purpose of the valve sealing program is as -follows: -(1) The presence of a seal on a control valve is a deterrent to -closing a valve indiscriminately without obtaining the -proper authority. -(2) A broken or missing seal on a valve is cause for the plant -inspector to verify that protection is not impaired and to -notify superiors of the fact that a valve could have been -closed without following procedures. -A.13.3.3.2 These “spring tests” are made to verify that a post -indicator valve is fully open. If an operator feels the valve is -fully open, he or she should push in the “open” direction. The -handle usually moves a short distance (approximately a one- -quarter turn) and “springs” back toward the operator in a -subtle move when released. This spring occurs when the valve -gate pulls up tight against the top of its casting and the valve -shaft (being fairly long) twists slightly. The spring indicates -that the valve is fully opened and that the gate is attached to -the handle. If the gate is jammed due to a foreign particle, the -handle is not likely to spring back. If the gate is loose from the -handle, the handle continues to turn in the “open” direction -with little resistance. -A.13.3.3.5 For further information, see NFPA 72, National Fire -Alarm and Signaling Code. -Handwheel -Stem -Yoke -Bonnet -Valve body -Disc -FIGURE A.13.1(h) OS&Y Gate Valve. -Street surface -FIGURE A.13.1(i) Nonindicating-Type Gate Valve. -25–84 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.13.4.1.1 A higher pressure reading on the system gauge is -normal in variable pressure water supplies. Pressure over -175 psi (12.1 bar) can be caused by fire pump tests or thermal -expansion and should be investigated and corrected. -A.13.4.1.2 The system should be drained for internal inspec- -tion of valve components as follows: -(1) Close the control valve -(2) Open the main drain valve -(3) Open the inspector’s test valve -(4) Wait for the sound of draining water to cease and for all -gauges to indicate 0 psi (0 bar) before removing the hand- -hole cover or dismantling any component -A.13.4.3.2.1 High priming water levels can adversely affect -the operation of supervisory air. Test the water level as follows: -(1) Open the priming level test valve. -(2) If water flows, drain it. -(3) Close the valve when water stops flowing and air dis- -charges. -(4) If air discharges when the valve is opened, the priming water -level could be too low. To add priming water, refer to the -manufacturer’s instructions. -A.13.4.3.2.2 Preaction and deluge valves in areas subject to -freezing should be trip tested in the spring to allow time before -the onset of cold weather for all water that has entered the system -or condensation to drain to low points or back to the valve. -A.13.4.3.2.2.2 Full flow tests should incorporate full func- -tionality of the system as a unit, including automatic detection -and manual activation. -A.13.4.3.2.12 Methods of recording maintenance include -tags attached at each riser, records retained at each building, -and records retained at one building in a complex. -A.13.4.3.3.3 Suitable facilities should be provided to dispose -of drained water. Low points equipped with a single valve -should be drained as follows: -(1) Open the low-point drain valve slowly. -(2) Close the drain valve as soon as water ceases to discharge, -and allow time for additional accumulation above the valve. -(3) Repeat this procedure until water ceases to discharge. -(4) Replace plug or nipple and cap as necessary. -Low points equipped with dual valves should be drained as -follows: -(1) Close the upper valve. -(2) Open the lower valve, and drain the accumulated water. -(3) Close the lower valve, open the upper valve, and allow -time for additional water accumulation. -(4) Repeat this procedure until water ceases to discharge. -(5) Replace plug or nipple and cap in lower valve. -Removing water from a preaction or deluge system is an es- -sential part a good maintenance program. Failure to keep these -systems free of water can result in damage and expensive repairs -to both the system and building. A program for monitoring the -condition of the system and the operation of the auxiliary drains -should be instituted. Auxiliary drains should be operated on a -daily basis after a system operation until several days pass with no -discharge of water from the drain valve. Thereafter, it might be -possible to decrease the frequency to weekly or longer intervals -depending on the volume of water discharged. Likewise, when -preparing for cold weather, the auxiliary drains should be oper- -ated daily, with the frequency of operation decreasing depending -on the discharge of accumulated water. In many cases, the fre- -quency of the operation can decrease significantly if a system is -shown to be dry. -A.13.4.4.1.2.3 A conflict in pressure readings could indicate -an obstructed orifice or a leak in the isolated chamber of the -quick-opening device, either of which could make the quick- -opening device inoperative. -A.13.4.4.2.1 High priming water levels can affect the opera- -tion of supervisory air or nitrogen pressure maintenance de- -vices. Test the water level as follows: -(1) Open the priming level test valve. -(2) If water flows, drain it. -(3) Close the valve when water stops flowing and air discharges. -(4) If air discharges when the valve is opened, the priming -water level could be too low. To add priming water, refer -to the manufacturer’s instructions. -A.13.4.4.2.2 Dry pipe valves should be trip tested in the -spring to allow time before the onset of cold weather for all -water that has entered the system or condensation to drain to -low points or back to the valve. -A.13.4.4.2.2.2 A full flow trip test generally requires at least -two individuals, one of whom is situated at the dry pipe valve -while the other is at the inspector’s test. If possible, they -should be in communication with each other. A full flow trip -test is conducted as follows: -(1) The main drain valve is fully opened to clean any accumu- -lated scale or foreign material from the supply water pip- -ing. The main drain valve then is closed. -(2) The system air or nitrogen pressure and the supply water -pressure are recorded. -(3) The system air or nitrogen pressure is relieved by opening -the inspector’s test valve completely. Concurrent with -opening the valve, both testers start their stopwatches. If -two-way communication is not available, the tester at the -dry valve is to react to the start of downward movement on -the air pressure gauge. -(4) Testers at the dry pipe valve note the air pressure at which -the valve trips and note the tripping time. -(5) Testers at the inspector’s test note the time at which water -flows steadily from the test connection. This time is noted for -comparison purposes to previous tests and is not meant to -be a specific pass/fail criterion. Note that NFPA 13,Standard -for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, does not require water -delivery in 60 seconds for all systems. -(6) When clean water flows, the test is terminated by closing -the system control valve. -(7) The air or nitrogen pressure and the time elapsed are to -be recorded as follows: -(a) From the complete opening of the test valve to the -tripping of the valve -(b) From the complete opening of inspector’s valve to -the start of steady flow from the test connection -(8) All low-point drains are opened and then closed when -water ceases to flow. -(9) The dry pipe valve and quick-opening device are reset, if -installed, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc- -tions, and the system is returned to service. -For dry pipe systems that were designed and installed using -either a manual demonstration or a computer calculation to -simulate multiple openings to predict water delivery time, a -full flow trip test from a single inspector’s test connection -25–85ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -should have been conducted during the original system accep- -tance and a full flow trip test from the single inspector’s test -should continue to be conducted every 3 years. The system is -not required to achieve water delivery to the inspector’s test -connection in 60 seconds, but comparison to the water deliv- -ery time during the original acceptance will determine if there -is a problem with the system. -A.13.4.4.2.2.3 A partial flow trip test is conducted in the fol- -lowing manner: -(1) Fully open the main drain valve to clean any accumu- -lated scale or foreign material from the supply water pip- -ing. -(2) Close the control valve to the point where additional -closure cannot provide flow through the entire area of -the drain outlet. -(3) Close the valve controlling flow to the device if a quick- -opening device is installed. -(4) Record the system air or nitrogen pressure and the sup- -ply water pressure. -(5) Relieve system air or nitrogen pressure by opening the -priming level test valve. -(6) Note and record the air or nitrogen pressure and supply -water pressure when the dry pipe valve trips. -(7) Immediately close the system control valve, and open -the main drain valve to minimize the amount of water -entering the system piping. -(8) Trip test the quick-opening device, if installed, in accor- -dance with the manufacturer’s instructions. -(9) Open all low point drains; close when water ceases to -flow. -(10) Reset the dry pipe valve and quick-opening device, if in- -stalled, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc- -tions and return the system to service. -CAUTION: A partial flow trip test does not provide a high -enough rate of flow to latch the clappers of some model dry -pipe valves in the open position. When resetting such valves, -check that the latching equipment is operative. -A.13.4.4.2.4 Except when a full flow trip test is conducted in -accordance with A.13.4.4.2.2.2, a quick-opening device should -be tested in the following manner: -(1) Close the system control valve. -(2) Open the main drain valve, and keep it in the open posi- -tion. -(3) Verify that the quick-opening device control valve is open. -(4) Open the inspector’s test valve. A burst of air from the -device indicates that it has tripped. -(5) Close the device’s control valve. -(6) Return the device to service in accordance with the manu- -facturer’s instructions, and return the system to service. -A.13.4.4.3.2 Removing water from a dry system is an essential -part of a good maintenance program. Failure to keep the dry -system free of water can result in damage and expensive re- -pairs to both the system and building. A program for monitor- -ing the condition of the system and the operation of the aux- -iliary drains should be instituted. Auxiliary drains should be -operated on a daily basis after a dry sprinkler system operation -until several days pass with no discharge of water from the -drain valve. Thereafter, it might be possible to decrease the -frequency to weekly or longer intervals depending on the vol- -ume of water discharged. Likewise, when preparing for cold -weather, the auxiliary drains should be operated daily with the -frequency of operation decreasing depending on the dis- -charge of accumulated water. In many cases, the frequency of -the operation can decrease significantly if a system is shown to -be dry. A quick-opening device, if installed, should be removed -temporarily from service prior to draining low points. -A.13.5.1.2 The sectional drain valve should be opened to -compare the results with the original installation or accep- -tance tests. -A.13.5.2.2 PRV devices can be bench tested in accordance -with the manufacturer’s instructions or tested in place. To test -in place, a gauge is connected on both the inlet side and the -outlet side of the device, and flow readings are taken using a -Pitot tube or a flowmeter. Water is discharged through a roof -manifold, if available, or through hose to the exterior of the -building. Another acceptable method for systems having at -least two risers is to take one standpipe out of service and use it -as a drain by removing PRV devices and attaching hoses at the -outlets near the ground floor level. When testing in this man- -ner, a flowmeter should be used and a hose line utilized to -connect the riser being tested and the drain riser. -Readings are to be compared to the system’s hydraulic de- -mands at the test location. Field-adjustable valves are to be -reset in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Nonad- -justable valves should be replaced. Extreme caution should be -exercised because of the high pressure involved when testing. -A.13.5.4.1 When the PRV is located in or immediately down- -stream of the fire pump discharge, the weekly inspection of -the master PRV can be performed during the weekly fire -pump operating test. -A.13.5.4.1(1) Pressures downstream of the master PRV -should not exceed the maximum pressure rating of the system -components. -A.13.5.4.2 The partial flow test of the master PRV can be -performed during the quarterly main drain test.(See 13.2.5.1.) -A.13.5.4.3 When the PRV is located in the fire pump dis- -charge, the full flow test of the master PRV can be performed -during the annual fire pump flow test. -A.13.5.6.2.1 Hose valves can be tested without a full flow if -the cap is left on the hose threads. The purpose of this require- -ment is to exercise the valve so it can be operated easily. -A.13.5.6.2.2 See A.13.5.6.2.1. -A.13.6.1.2 Intermittent discharge from a differential-sensing -valve relief port is normal. Continuous discharge is a sign of -malfunction of either or both of the check valves, and mainte- -nance is necessary. -A.13.6.2.1 The full flow test of the backflow prevention valve -can be performed with a test header or other connections -downstream of the valve. A bypass around the check valve in -the fire department connection line with a control valve in the -normally closed position can be an acceptable arrangement. -When flow to a visible drain cannot be accomplished, closed -loop flow can be acceptable if a flowmeter or sight glass is -incorporated into the system to ensure flow. -The tests required by 13.6.2 typically test only for operation -of the device under backflow conditions. Forward-flow test -conditions are required by other portions of this standard. -A.13.8.4 Design review is outside the scope of this standard. -A.14.1 For obstruction investigation and prevention, see -Annex D. -25–86 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -A.14.2.1.3 Most piping systems may contain some foreign ma- -terial or other evidence of corrosion but not sufficient to trig- -ger an obstruction investigation. Furthermore, an internal in- -spection is primarily an inspection for determining corrosion -of the pipe, but it may result in finding the presence of mate- -rial that would be an obstruction to piping or sprinklers. If -such is found an obstruction investigation in Section 14.3 -would be required. -A.14.2.1.6 The inspection of piping is not required where the -pipe is not readily accessible, such as above gypsum ceilings. Ad- -ditionally, not all systems, such as those installed in accordance -with NFPA 13R, have grooved couplings or flushing connections. -A.14.2.2 In large warehouses, high rise buildings, and other -buildings having multiple systems, it is reasonable to perform the -internal inspection on half of the systems, and conclude that -these are representative of all systems in the building. The sys- -tems in the building not inspected during one inspection cycle -should be inspected during the next one. As long as there is no -evidence of any foreign organic and/or inorganic material found -in any of the systems being inspected, every other system would -be inspected once every 10 years. However, if foreign organic -and/or inorganic material is found in any system in the building -during the 5 year inspection cycle, all systems must then be in- -spected during that inspection cycle. -A.14.3.1 For obstruction investigation procedures, see Sec- -tion D.3. The type of obstruction investigation should be ap- -propriately selected based on the observed condition. For in- -stance, ordering an internal obstruction investigation would -be inappropriate where the observed condition was broken -public mains in the vicinity. On the other hand, such an inves- -tigation would be appropriate where foreign materials are ob- -served in the dry pipe valve. -A.14.3.1(4) If unknown materials are heard in the system pip- -ing during draining, refilling, or otherwise flowing water -through the system. -A.14.3.2 For obstruction prevention program recommenda- -tions, see Section D.4 -A.14.3.3 For obstruction investigation flushing procedures, -see Section D.5. -A.15.3.1 A clearly visible tag alerts building occupants and the -fire department that all or part of the water-based fire protection -system is out of service. The tag should be weather resistant, -plainly visible, and of sufficient size [typically 4 in .×6i n . -(100 mm × 150 mm)]. The tag should identify which system is -impaired, the date and time impairment began, and the person -responsible. Figure A.15.3.1 illustrates a typical impairment tag. -A.15.3.2 An impairment tag should be placed on the fire -department connection to alert responding fire fighters of an -abnormal condition. An impairment tag that is located on the -system riser only could go unnoticed for an extended period if -fire fighters encounter difficulty in gaining access to the build- -ing or sprinkler control room. -A.15.5 The need for temporary fire protection, termina- -tion of all hazardous operations, and frequency of inspec- -tions in the areas involved should be determined. All work -possible should be done in advance to minimize the length -of the impairment. Where possible, temporary feedlines -should be used to maintain portions of systems while work is -completed. -Water-based fire protection systems should not be re- -moved from service when the building is not in use. Where -a system that has been out of service for a prolonged period, -such as in the case of idle or vacant properties, is returned -to service, qualified personnel should be retained to inspect -and test the systems. -A.15.5.2(4)(b) A fire watch should consist of trained person- -nel who continuously patrol the affected area. Ready access to -fire extinguishers and the ability to promptly notify the fire -department are important items to consider. During the pa- -trol of the area, the person should not only be looking for fire, -but making sure that the other fire protection features of the -building such as egress routes and alarm systems are available -and functioning properly. -A.15.5.2(4)(c) Temporary water supplies are possible from a -number of sources, including use of a large-diameter hose -from a fire hydrant to a fire department connection, use of a -portable tank and a portable pump, or use of a standby fire -department pumper and/or tanker. -A.15.5.2(4)(d) Depending on the use and occupancy of the -building, it could be enough in some circumstances to stop cer- -tain processes in the building or to cut off the flow of fuel to some -machines. It is also helpful to implement “No Smoking” and “No -Hot Work” (cutting, grinding, or welding) policies while the sys- -tem is out of service because these activities are responsible for -many fire ignitions. -ATTACH TO VALVE - READ INSTRUCTIONS ON OTHER SIDE  -SPRINKLER VALVE -SHUT -THIS VALVE CONTROLS SPRINKLERS IN BUILDING(S): -SHUT BY (SIGNATURE) -STATIC PRESSURE -DATE -DRAIN TEST MADE BY (SIGNATURE) DATE -psi (bar) -FLOWING PRESSURE -➞ After valve is opened, make 2 in. (50 mm) drain test. Drop in -pressure should be normal. If pressure drop is extreme and does -not build up, the system is impaired and immediate investigation -is necessary. -DRAIN TEST RESULTS -psi (bar) -FIGURE A.15.3.1 Sample Impairment Tag. -25–87ANNEX A -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Annex B Forms for Inspection, Testing, and -Maintenance -This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document -but is included for informational purposes only. -B.1 Forms need to be complete with respect to the require- -ments of NFPA 25 for the system being inspected, tested, or main- -tained, or any combination thereof. Because water-based fire -protection systems are comprised of many components, it could -be necessary to complete more than one form for each system. -Authorities having jurisdiction are legitimately concerned -that the forms used are comprehensive. Therefore, they could -develop their own forms or utilize those already developed -and reviewed by their jurisdiction. -At least five formats can be used and are described as follows: -(1) One form in which all requirements for NFPA 25 are -specified and large sections of information do not apply -to most systems -(2) Individual forms that provide requirements correspond- -ing to each chapter of NFPA 25 and address the following: -(a) Sprinkler systems -(b) Standpipe systems -(c) Private fire service mains -(d) Fire pumps -(e) Storage tanks -(f) Water spray systems -(g) Foam-water sprinkler systems -(3) Forms that include information from the specific system -chapter: Chapter 1, Chapter 13, and Chapter 14 -(4) A series of forms similar to option (2) but with a more de- -tailed breakdown of system types. For example, fire sprinkler -systems are divided into five separate forms such as: -(a) Wet pipe fire sprinkler systems -(b) Dry pipe fire sprinkler systems -(c) Preaction fire sprinkler systems -(d) Deluge fire sprinkler systems -(e) Foam-water sprinkler systems -(5) Separate forms for each individual component of each -fire protection system -B.2 Sample forms are available for downloading at www. -nfpa.org, www.nfsa.org, and www.sprinklernet.org. -Annex C Possible Causes of Pump Troubles -This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document -but is included for informational purposes only. -This annex is extracted from NFPA 20, Standard for the In- -stallation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection. -C.1 Causes of Pump Troubles. This annex contains a partial -guide for locating pump troubles and their possible causes(see -Figure C.1). It also contains a partial list of suggested remedies. -(For other information on this subject, see Hydraulic Institute Stan- -dard for Centrifugal, Rotary and Reciprocating Pumps.)The causes -listed here are in addition to possible mechanical breakage -that would be obvious on visual inspection. In case of trouble, -it is suggested that those troubles that can be checked easily -should be corrected first or eliminated as possibilities. -C.1.1 Air Drawn into Suction Connection Through Leak(s). -Air drawn into suction line through leaks causes a pump to -lose suction or fail to maintain its discharge pressure. Uncover -suction pipe and locate and repair leak(s). -C.1.2 Suction Connection Obstructed. Examine suction in- -take, screen, and suction pipe and remove obstruction. Repair -or provide screens to prevent recurrence. -C.1.3 Air Pocket in Suction Pipe. Air pockets cause a reduc- -tion in delivery and pressure similar to an obstructed pipe. -Uncover suction pipe and rearrange to eliminate pocket. -C.1.4 Well Collapsed or Serious Misalignment. Consult a reli- -able well drilling company and the pump manufacturer re- -garding recommended repairs. -C.1.5 Stuffing Box Too Tight or Packing ImproperlyInstalled, -Worn, Defective, Too Tight, or of Incorrect Type.Loosen gland -swing bolts and remove stuffing box gland halves. Replace -packing. -C.1.6 Water Seal or Pipe to Seal Obstructed. Loosen gland -swing bolt and remove stuffing box gland halves along with the -water seal ring and packing. Clean the water passage to and in the -water seal ring. Replace water seal ring, packing gland, and pack- -ing in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. -C.1.7 Air Leak into Pump Through Stuffing Boxes. Same as -possible cause in C.1.6. -C.1.8 Impeller Obstructed. Does not show on any one instru- -ment, but pressures fall off rapidly when an attempt is made to -draw a large amount of water. -For horizontal split-case pumps, remove upper case of -pump and remove obstruction from impeller. Repair or pro- -vide screens on suction intake to prevent recurrence. -For vertical shaft turbine-type pumps, lift out column pipe -and pump bowls from wet pit or well and disassemble pump -bowl to remove obstruction from impeller. -For close-coupled, vertical in-line pumps, lift motor on top -pull-out design and remove obstruction from impeller. -C.1.9 Wearing Rings Worn. Remove upper case and insert -feeler gauge between case wearing ring and impeller wearing -ring. Clearance when new is 0.0075 in. (0.19 mm). Clearances -of more than 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) are excessive. -C.1.10 Impeller Damaged. Make minor repairs or return to -manufacturer for replacement. If defect is not too serious, order -new impeller and use damaged one until replacement arrives. -C.1.11 Wrong Diameter Impeller. Replace with impeller of -proper diameter. -C.1.12 Actual Net Head Lower Than Rated. Check impeller -diameter and number and pump model number to make sure -correct head curve is being used. -C.1.13 Casing Gasket Defective, Permitting Internal Leakage -(Single-Stage and Multistage Pumps). Replace defective gasket. -Check manufacturer’s drawing to see whether gasket is required. -C.1.14 Pr essure Gauge Is on Top of Pump Casing.Place gauges -in correct location. -C.1.15 Incorrect Impeller Adjustment (Vertical Shaft Turbine- -Type Pump Only).Adjust impellers according to manufactur- -er’s instructions. -C.1.16 Impellers Locked. For vertical shaft turbine-type -pumps, raise and lower impellers by the top shaft adjusting -nut. If this adjustment is not successful, follow the manufactur- -er’s instructions. -For horizontal split-case pumps, remove upper case and -locate and eliminate obstruction. -25–88 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -C.1.17 Pump Is Frozen. Provide heat in the pump room. Dis- -assemble pump and remove ice as necessary. Examine parts -carefully for damage. -C.1.18 Pump Shaft or Shaft Sleeve Scored, Bent, or Worn. -Replace shaft or shaft sleeve. -C.1.19 Pump Not Primed. If a pump is operated without wa- -ter in its casing, the wearing rings are likely to seize. The first -warning is a change in pitch of the sound of the driver. Shut -down the pump. -For vertical shaft turbine-type pumps, check water level to -determine whether pump bowls have proper submergence. -C.1.20 Seal Ring Improperly Located in Stuffing Box, Pre- -venting Water from Entering Space to Form Seal. Loosen -gland swing bolt and remove stuffing box gland halves along -with the water-seal ring and packing. Replace, putting seal -ring in proper location. -C.1.21 Excess Bearing Friction Due to Lack of Lubrication, -Wear, Dirt, Rusting, Failure, or Improper Installation.Remove -bearings and clean, lubricate, or replace as necessary. -C.1.22 Rotating Element Binds Against Stationary Element. -Check clearances and lubrication and replace or repair the -defective part. -C.1.23 Pump and Driver Misaligned. Shaft running off center -because of worn bearings or misalignment. Align pump and -driver according to manufacturer’s instructions. Replace bear- -ings according to manufacturer’s instructions. -C.1.24 Foundation Not Rigid. Tighten foundation bolts or re- -place foundation if necessary. -Fire pump -troubles -Excessive -leakage at -stuffing box -Pump or driver -overheats -Pump unit -will not start -No water -discharge -Pump is noisy -or vibrates -Too much -power required -Discharge -pressure -not constant -for same gpm -Pump loses -suction after -starting -Insufficient -water discharge -Discharge -pressure -too low for gpm -discharge -Suction Pump Driver and/or -Pump Driver -Air drawn into suction connection through leak(s) -Suction connection obstructed -Air pocket in suction pipe -Well collapsed or serious misalignment -Water seal or pipe to seal obstructed -Air leak into pump through stuffing boxes -Impeller obstructed -Wearing rings worn -Impeller damaged -Wrong diameter impeller -Actual net head lower than rated -Casing gasket defective, permitting internal leakage -(single-stage and multistage pumps) -Pressure gauge is on top of pump casing -Incorrect impeller adjustment (vertical shaft -turbine-type pump only) -Impellers locked -Pump is frozen -Pump shaft or shaft sleeve scored, bent, or worn -Pump not primed -Seal ring improperly located in stuffing box, preventing -water from entering space to form seal -Excess bearing friction due to lack of lubrication, wear, -dirt, rusting, failure, or improper installation -Rotating element binds against stationary element -Pump and driver misaligned -Foundation not rigid -Engine-cooling system obstructed -Faulty driver -Lack of lubrication -Speed too low -Wrong direction of rotation -Speed too high -Rated motor voltage different from line voltage -Faulty electrical circuit, obstructed fuel system, -obstructed steam pipe, or dead battery -3231302928272625242322212019181716151413121110987654321 -Stuffing box too tight or packing improperly installed, -worn, defective, too tight, or incorrect type -FIGURE C.1 Possible Causes of Fire Pump Troubles. -25–89ANNEX C -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -C.1.25 Engine-Cooling System Obstructed. Heat exchanger or -cooling water systems too small. Cooling pump faulty. Remove -thermostats. Open bypass around regulator valve and strainer. -Check regulator valve operation. Check strainer. Clean and re- -pair if necessary. Disconnect sections of cooling system to locate -and remove possible obstruction. Adjust engine-cooling water- -circulating pump belt to obtain proper speed without binding. -Lubricate bearings of this pump. -If overheating still occurs at loads up to 150 percent of rated -capacity, contact pump or engine manufacturer so that necessary -steps can be taken to eliminate overheating. -C.1.26 Faulty Driver. Check electric motor, internal combus- -tion engine, or steam turbine, in accordance with manufactur- -er’s instructions, to locate reason for failure to start. -C.1.27 Lack of Lubrication. If parts have seized, replace dam- -aged parts and provide proper lubrication. If not, stop pump -and provide proper lubrication. -C.1.28 Speed Too Low. For electric motor drive, check that -rated motor speed corresponds to rated speed of pump, volt- -age is correct, and starting equipment is operating properly. -Low frequency and low voltage in the electric power supply -prevent a motor from running at rated speed. Low voltage can be -due to excessive loads and inadequate feeder capacity or (with -private generating plants) low generator voltage. The generator -voltage of private generating plants can be corrected by changing -the field excitation. When low voltage is from the other causes -mentioned, it can be necessary to change transformer taps or -increase feeder capacity. -Low frequency usually occurs with a private generating -plant and should be corrected at the source. Low speed can -result in older type squirrel-cage-type motors if fastenings of -copper bars to end rings become loose. The remedy is to weld -or braze these joints. -For steam turbine drive, check that valves in steam supply -pipe are wide open; boiler steam pressure is adequate; steam -pressure is adequate at the turbine; strainer in the steam sup- -ply pipe is not plugged; steam supply pipe is of adequate size; -condensate is removed from steam supply pipe, trap, and tur- -bine; turbine nozzles are not plugged; and setting of speed -and emergency governor is correct. -For internal combustion engine drive, check that setting of -speed governor is correct; hand throttle is opened wide; and -there are no mechanical defects such as sticking valves, timing -off, or spark plugs fouled, and so forth. The latter can require -the services of a trained mechanic. -C.1.29 Wrong Direction of Rotation. Instances of an impeller -turning backward are rare but are clearly recognizable by the -extreme deficiency of pump delivery. Wrong direction of rota- -tion can be determined by comparing the direction in which -the flexible coupling is turning with the directional arrow on -the pump casing. -With polyphase electric motor drive, two wires must be re- -versed; with dc driver, the armature connections must be re- -versed with respect to the field connections. Where two -sources of electrical current are available, the direction of ro- -tation produced by each should be checked. -C.1.30 Speed Too High. See that pump- and driver-rated speed -correspond. Replace electric motor with one of correct rated -speed. Set governors of variable-speed drivers for correct speed. -Frequency at private generating stations can be too high. -C.1.31 Rated Motor Voltage Different from Line Voltage. For -example, a 220 or 440 V motor on 208 or 416 V line. Obtain -motor of correct rated voltage or a larger size motor. -C.1.32 Faulty Electric Circuit, Obstructed Fuel System, Ob- -structed Steam Pipe, or Dead Battery. Check for break in wir- -ing open switch, open circuit breaker, or dead battery. If cir- -cuit breaker in controller trips for no apparent reason, make -sure oil is in dash pots in accordance with manufacturer’s -specifications. Make sure fuel pipe is clear, strainers are clean, -and control valves open in fuel system to internal combustion -engine. Make sure all valves are open and strainer is clean in -steam line to turbine. -C.2 Warning. Chapters 6 and 7 of NFPA 20, Standard for the -Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, include electri- -cal requirements that discourage the installation of discon- -nect means in the power supply to electric motor–driven fire -pumps. This requirement is intended to ensure the availability -of power to the fire pumps. When equipment connected to -those circuits is serviced or maintained, the employee can -have unusual exposure to electrical and other hazards. It can -be necessary to require special safe work practices and special -safeguards, personal protective clothing, or both. -C.3 Maintenance of Fire Pump Controllers After a Fault Con- -dition. -C.3.1 Introduction. In a fire pump motor circuit that has -been properly installed, coordinated, and in service prior to -the fault, tripping of the circuit breaker or the isolating switch -indicates a fault condition in excess of operating overload. -It is recommended that the following general procedures -be observed by qualified personnel in the inspection and re- -pair of the controller involved in the fault. These procedures -are not intended to cover other elements of the circuit, such as -wiring and motor, which can also require attention. -C.3.2 Caution. All inspections and tests are to be made on -controllers that are de-energized at the line terminal, discon- -nected, locked out, and tagged so that accidental contact can- -not be made with live parts and so that all plant safety proce- -dures will be observed. -C.3.2.1 Enclosure. Where substantial damage to the enclo- -sure, such as deformation, displacement of parts, or burning -has occurred, replace the entire controller. -C.3.2.2 Circuit Breaker and Isolating Switch. Examine the en- -closure interior, circuit breaker, and isolating switch for evi- -dence of possible damage. If evidence of damage is not appar- -ent, the circuit breaker and isolating switch can continue to be -used after the door is closed. -If there is any indication that the circuit breaker has opened -several short-circuit faults, or if signs of possible deterioration -appear within either the enclosure, circuit breaker, or isolating -switch (e.g., deposits on surface, surface discoloration, insulation -cracking, or unusual toggle operation), replace the components. -Verify that the external operating handle is capable of opening -and closing the circuit breaker and isolating switch. If the handle -fails to operate the device, this would also indicate the need for -adjustment or replacement. -C.3.2.3 Terminals and Internal Conductors. Where there are -indications of arcing damage, overheating, or both, such as dis- -coloration and melting of insulation, replace the damaged parts. -C.3.2.4 Contactor. Replace contacts showing heat damage, -displacement of metal, or loss of adequate wear allowance of -25–90 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -the contacts. Replace the contact springs where applicable. If -deterioration extends beyond the contacts, such as binding in -the guides or evidence of insulation damage, replace the dam- -aged parts or the entire contactor. -C.3.2.5 Return to Service. Before returning the controller to -service, check for the tightness of electrical connections and -for the absence of short circuits, ground faults, and leakage -current. -Close and secure the enclosure before the controller circuit -breaker and isolating switch are energized. Follow operating pro- -cedures on the controller to bring it into standby condition. -Annex D Obstruction Investigation -This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document -but is included for informational purposes only. -D.1 For effective control and extinguishment of fire, auto- -matic sprinklers should receive an unobstructed flow of water. -Although the overall performance record of automatic sprin- -klers has been very satisfactory, there have been numerous -instances of impaired efficiency because sprinkler piping or -sprinklers were plugged with pipe scale, corrosion products, -including those produced by microbiologically influenced -corrosion, mud, stones, or other foreign material. If the first -sprinklers to open in a fire are plugged, the fire in that area -cannot be extinguished or controlled by prewetting of adja- -cent combustibles. In such a situation, the fire can grow to an -uncontrollable size, resulting in greater fire damage and ex- -cessive sprinkler operation and even threatening the struc- -tural integrity of the building, depending on the number of -plugged sprinklers and fire severity. -Keeping the inside of sprinkler system piping free of scale, -silt, or other obstructing material is an integral part of an ef- -fective loss prevention program. -D.2 Obstruction Sources. -D.2.1 Pipe Scale. Loss studies have shown that dry pipe sprin- -kler systems are involved in the majority of obstructed sprinkler -fire losses. Pipe scale was found to be the most frequent obstruct- -ing material (it is likely that some of the scale was composed of -corrosion products, including those produced by microbiologi- -cally influenced corrosion). Dry pipe systems that have been -maintained wet and then dry alternately over a period of years -are particularly susceptible to the accumulation of scale. Also, in -systems that are continuously dry, condensation of moisture in -the air supply can result in the formation of a hard scale, micro- -biological materials, and corrosion products along the bottom of -the piping. When sprinklers open, the scale is broken loose and -carried along the pipe, plugging some of the sprinklers or form- -ing obstructions at the fittings. -D.2.2 Careless Installation or Repair. Many obstructions are -caused by careless workers during installation or repair of yard -or public mains and sprinkler systems. Wood, paint brushes, -buckets, gravel, sand, and gloves have been found as obstruc- -tions. In some instances, with welded sprinkler systems and -systems with holes for quick-connect fittings, the cutout discs -or coupons have been left within the piping, obstructing flow -to sprinklers. -D.2.3 Raw Water Sources. Materials can be sucked up from the -bottoms of rivers, ponds, or open reservoirs by fire pumps with -poorly arranged or inadequately screened intakes and then -forced into the system. Sometimes floods damage intakes. Ob- -structions include fine, compacted materials such as rust, mud, -and sand. Coarse materials, such as stones, cinders, cast-iron tu- -bercles, chips of wood, and sticks, also are common. -D.2.4 Biological Growth. Biological growth has been known to -cause obstructions in sprinkler piping. The Asiatic clam has been -found in fire protection systems supplied by raw river or lake -water. With an available food supply and sunlight, these clams -grow to approximately3⁄8 in. to 7⁄16 in. (9 mm to 11 mm) across -the shell in 1 year and up to 21⁄8 in. (54 mm) and larger by the -sixth year. However, once in fire mains and sprinkler piping, the -growth rate is much slower. The clams get into the fire protection -systems in the larval stage or while still small clams. They then -attach themselves to the pipe and feed on bacteria or algae that -pass through. -Originally brought to Washington state from Asia in the -1930s, the clams have spread throughout at least 33 states and -possibly are present in every state. River areas reported to be -highly infested include the Ohio River, Tennessee River Valley, -Savannah River (South Carolina), Altamaha River (Georgia), -Columbia River (Washington), and Delta-Mendota Canal -(California). -D.2.5 Sprinkler Calcium Carbonate Deposits. Natural fresh- -waters contain dissolved calcium and magnesium salts in vary- -ing concentrations, depending on the sources and location of -the water. If the concentration of these salts is high, the water -is considered hard. A thin film composed largely of calcium -carbonate, CaCO3, affords some protection against corrosion -where hard water flows through the pipes. However, hardness -is not the only factor to determine whether a film forms. The -ability of CaCO3 to precipitate on the metal pipe surface also -depends on the water’s total acidity or alkalinity, the concen- -tration of dissolved solids in the water, and its pH. In soft wa- -ter, no such film can form. -In automatic sprinkler systems, the calcium carbonate scale -formation tends to occur on the more noble metal in the elec- -trochemical series, which is copper, just as corrosion affects -the less noble metal, iron. Consequently, scale formation natu- -rally forms on sprinklers, often plugging the orifice. The pip- -ing itself could be relatively clear. This type of sprinkler ob- -struction cannot be detected or corrected by normal flushing -procedures. It can be found only by inspection of sprinklers in -suspected areas and then removed. -Most public water utilities in very hard water areas soften -their water to reduce consumer complaints of scale buildup in -water heaters. Thus, the most likely locations for deposits in -sprinkler systems are where sprinklers are not connected to -public water but supplied without treatment directly from -wells or surface water in areas that have very hard water. These -areas generally include the Mississippi basin west of the Missis- -sippi River and north of the Ohio River, the rivers of Texas and -the Colorado basin, and other white areas in Figure D.2.5(a). -(The water of the Great Lakes is only moderately hard.) -Within individual plants, the sprinklers most likely to have -deposits are located as follows: -(1) In wet systems only. -(2) In high temperature areas, except where water has unusu- -ally high pH [see Figure D.2.5(b)]. High temperature areas -include those near dryers, ovens, and skylights or at roof -peaks. -(3) In old sprinkler systems that are frequently drained and -refilled. -(4) In pendent sprinklers that are located away from air pock- -ets and near convection currents. -25–91ANNEX D -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -D.2.6 Forms of Corrosion. Corrosion is defined as the dete- -rioration of a material, usually a metal, resulting from a chemi- -cal or electrochemical reaction. The eight main forms of cor- -rosion include (1) uniform corrosion, (2) pitting, (3) galvanic -corrosion, (4) crevice corrosion, (5) selective leaching (part- -ing), (6) erosion corrosion, (7) environmental cracking, and -(8) intergranular corrosion. Microbiologically influenced cor- -rosion (MIC) is included herein as a ninth form of corrosion, -although it is usually a secondary factor that accelerates or -exacerbates the rate of another form of corrosion. Definitions -of the different forms of corrosion are discussed next. -(1) Uniform (or general) corrosion:A regular loss of a small quan- -tity of metal over the entire area or over a large section of -the total area, which is evenly distributed within a pipe(s). -(2) Pitting: A localized form of corrosion that results in holes -or cavities in the metal. Pitting is considered to be one of -the more destructive forms of corrosion and is often diffi- -cult to detect. Pits can be covered or open and normally -grow in the direction of gravity — for example, at the -bottom of a horizontal surface. -(3) Galvanic corrosion:An electric potential exists between dis- -similar metals in a conductive (corrosive) solution. The -contact between the two materials allows electrons to -transfer from one metal to the other. One metal acts as a -cathode and the other as an anode. Corrosion usually oc- -curs at anodic metal only. -(4) Crevice corrosion:A localized form of corrosion that occurs -within crevices and other shielded areas on metal surfaces -exposed to a stagnant corrosive solution. This form of cor- -rosion usually occurs beneath gaskets, in holes, surface -deposits, in thread and groove joints. Crevice corrosion is -also referred to as gasket corrosion, deposit corrosion, -and under-deposit corrosion. -(5) Selective leaching: The selective removal of one element -from an alloy by corrosion. A common example is dezin- -cification (selective removal of zinc) of unstabilized brass, -resulting in a porous copper structure. -(6) Erosion corrosion:Corrosion resulting from the cumulative -damage of electrochemical reactions and mechanical ef- -fects. Erosion corrosion is the acceleration or increase in -the rate of corrosion created by the relative movement of -a corrosive fluid and a metal surface. Erosion corrosion is -observed as grooves, gullies, waves, rounded holes, or val- -leys in a metal surface. -(7) Environmental cracking:An acute form of localized corrosion -caused by mechanical stresses, embrittlement, or fatigue. -(8) Integranular corrosion:Corrosion caused by impurities at -grain boundaries, enrichment of one alloying element, -or depletion of one of the elements in the grain bound- -ary areas. -(9) Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC):Corrosion initiated -or accelerated by the presence and activities of microorgan- -isms, including bacteria and fungi. Colonies (also called bio- -films and slimes) are formed in the surface of pipes among a -variety of types of microbes. Microbes deposit iron, manga- -nese, and various salts into the pipe surfaces, forming -nodules, tubercles, and carbuncles. The formation of these -deposits can cause obstruction to flow and dislodge, causing -blockage (plugging) of system piping, valves, and sprinklers. -D.2.7 Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC). The -most common biological growths in sprinkler system piping -are those formed by microorganisms, including bacteria and -fungi. These microbes produce colonies (also called bio-films, -slimes) containing a variety of types of microbes. Colonies -form on the surface of wetted pipe in both wet and dry sys- -tems. Microbes also deposit iron, manganese, and various salts -onto the pipe surface, forming discrete deposits (also termed -nodules, tubercles, and carbuncles). These deposits can cause -obstruction to flow and dislodge, causing plugging of fire -sprinkler components. Subsequent under-deposit pitting can -also result in pinhole leaks. -Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is corrosion -influenced by the presence and activities of microorganisms. -MIC almost always occurs with other forms of corrosion (oxy- -gen corrosion, crevice corrosion, and under-deposit corro- -sion). MIC starts as microbial communities (also called bio- -films, slimes) growing on the interior surface of the wetted -Degree of tuberculation of water supplies -None to slight Slight to moderate Moderate to severe -FIGURE D.2.5(a) Map of Hard Water Areas. (Provided by Cast -Iron Pipe Research Association. Used with permission.) -2001501005007 -8 -9 -Alkalinity (ppm AS CaCO3) -CaCO3 Deposits heavier at -higher temperature -Deposits -uniform -CaCO3 Deposits less at higher -temperatures -10pH (room temperature) -FIGURE D.2.5(b) Scale Deposition as a Function of the -Alkalinity/pH Ratio. -25–92 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -sprinkler piping components in both wet and dry systems. The -microbial communities contain many types of microbes, includ- -ing slime formers, acid-producing bacteria, iron-depositing bac- -teria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and are most often intro- -duced into the sprinkler system from the water source. The -microbes deposit iron, manganese, and various salts onto the -pipe surface, forming discrete deposits (also termed nodules, tu- -bercles, and carbuncles). These deposits can cause obstruction to -flow and dislodge, causing plugging of fire sprinkler compo- -nents. MIC is most often seen as severe pitting corrosion occur- -ring under deposits. Pitting is due to microbial activities such as -acid production, oxygen consumption, and accumulation of -salts. Oxygen and salts, especially chloride, can greatly increase -the severity of MIC and other forms of corrosion. -In steel pipe, MIC is most often seen as deposits on the -interior surface of the pipes. The deposits can be orange, red, -brown, black, and white (or combinations thereof), depend- -ing on local conditions and water chemistry. The brown, or- -ange, and red forms are most common in oxygenated por- -tions of the system and often contain oxidized forms of iron -and other materials on the outside, with reduced (blacker) -corrosion products on the inside. Black deposits are most of- -ten in smaller diameter piping farther from the water source -and contain reduced forms (those with less oxygen) of corro- -sion products. White deposits often contain carbonate scales. -MIC of copper and copper alloys occurs as discrete depos- -its of smaller size, which are green to blue in color. Blue slimes -can also be produced in copper piping or copper components -(e.g., brass heads). -MIC is often first noticed as a result of pinhole leaks after -only months to a few years of service. Initial tests for the pres- -ence of MIC should involve on-site testing for microbes and -chemical species (iron, pH, oxygen) important in MIC. This -information is also very important in choosing treatment -methods. These tests can be done on water samples from -source waters and various locations in the sprinkler system -(e.g., main drain, inspector’s test valve). Confirmation of MIC -can be made by examination of interior of pipes for deposits -and under-deposit corrosion with pit morphology consistent -with MIC (cup-like pits within pits and striations). -The occurrence and severity of MIC is enhanced by the -following: -(1) Using untreated water to test and fill sprinkler piping. -This is made worse by leaving the water in the system for -long periods of time. -(2) Introduction of new and untreated water containing oxy- -gen, microbes, salts, and nutrients into the system on a fre- -quent basis (during repair, renovation, and/or frequent -flow tests). -(3) Leaving dirt, debris, and especially oils, pipe joint com- -pound, and so forth in the piping. These provide nutri- -ents and protection for the microbes, often preventing -biocides and corrosion inhibitors from reaching the mi- -crobes and corrosion sites. -Once the presence of MIC has been confirmed, the system -should be assessed to determine the extent and severity of -MIC. Severely affected portions should be replaced or cleaned -to remove obstructions and pipe not meeting minimal me- -chanical specifications. -D.3 Investigation Procedures. If unsatisfactory conditions are -observed as outlined in Section 14.3, investigations should be -made to determine the extent and severity of the obstructing -material. From the fire protection system plan, determine the -water supply sources, age of underground mains and sprinkler -systems, types of systems, and general piping arrangement. -Consider the possible sources of obstruction material. -Examine the fire pump suction supply and screening ar- -rangements. If necessary, have the suction cleaned before us- -ing the pump in tests and flushing operations. Gravity tanks -should be inspected internally, with the exception of steel -tanks that have been recently cleaned and painted. If possible, -have the tank drained and determine whether loose scale is on -the shell or if sludge or other obstructions are on the tank -bottom. Cleaning and repainting could be in order, particu- -larly if it has not been done within the previous 5 years. -Investigate yard mains first, then sprinkler systems. -Where fire protection control valves are closed during in- -vestigation procedures, the fire protection impairment pre- -cautions outlined in Chapter 15 should be followed. -Large quantities of water are needed for investigation and -for flushing. It is important to plan the safest means of dis- -posal in advance. Cover stock and machinery susceptible to -water damage, and keep equipment on hand for mopping up -any accidental discharge of water. -D.3.1 Investigating Yard Mains. Flow water through yard hy- -drants, preferably near the extremes of selected mains, to de- -termine whether mains contain obstructive material. It is pref- -erable to connect two lengths of 2 1⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose to the -hydrant. Attach burlap bags to the free ends of the hose from -which the nozzles have been removed to collect any material -flushed out, and flow water long enough to determine the -condition of the main being investigated. If there are several -water supply sources, investigate each independently, avoiding -any unnecessary interruptions to sprinkler protection. In ex- -tensive yard layouts, repeat the tests at several locations, if nec- -essary, to determine general conditions. -If obstructive material is found, all mains should be flushed -thoroughly before investigating the sprinkler systems. (See Sec- -tion D.5.) -D.3.2 Investigating Sprinkler Systems. Investigate dry systems -first. Tests on several carefully selected, representative systems -usually are sufficient to indicate general conditions through- -out the plant. If, however, preliminary investigations indicate -the presence of obstructing material, this justifies investigat- -ing all systems (both wet and dry) before outlining needed -flushing operations. Generally, the system can be considered -reasonably free of obstructing material, provided the follow- -ing conditions apply: -(1) Less than 1⁄2 cup of scale is washed from the cross mains. -(2) Scale fragments are not large enough to plug a sprinkler -orifice. -(3) A full, unobstructed flow is obtained from each branch -line checked. -Where other types of foreign material are found, judgment -should be used before considering the system unobstructed. -Obstruction potential is based on the physical characteristics -and source of the foreign material. -In selecting specific systems or branch lines for investiga- -tion, the following should be considered: -(1) Lines found obstructed during a fire or during mainte- -nance work -(2) Systems adjacent to points of recent repair to yard mains, -particularly if hydrant flow shows material in the main -25–93ANNEX D -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Tests should include flows through 2 1⁄2 in. (65 mm) fire -hose directly from cross mains [see Figure D.3.2(a) and Figure -D.3.2(b)] and flows through 11⁄2 in. (40 mm) hose from repre- -sentative branch lines. Two or three branch lines per system is -a representative number of branch lines where investigating -for scale accumulation. If significant scale is found, investiga- -tion of additional branch lines is warranted. Where investigat- -ing for foreign material (other than scale), the number of -branch lines needed for representative sampling is dependent -on the source and characteristic of the foreign material. -If provided, fire pumps should be operated for the large -line flows, since maximum flow is desirable. Burlap bags -should be used to collect dislodged material as is done in the -investigation of yard mains. Each flow should be continued -until the water clears (i.e., a minimum of 2 to 3 minutes at full -flow for sprinkler mains). This is likely to be sufficient to indi- -cate the condition of the piping interior. -D.3.3 Investigating Dry Pipe Systems. Flood dry pipe systems -one or two days before obstruction investigations to soften -pipe scale and deposits. After selecting the test points of a dry -pipe system, close the main control valve and drain the system. -Check the piping visually with a flashlight while it is being -dismantled. Attach hose valves and 11⁄2 in. (40 mm) hose to the -ends of the lines to be tested, shut the valves, have air pressure -restored on the system, and reopen the control valve. Open -the hose valve on the end branch line, allowing the system to -trip in simulation of normal action. Any obstructions should -be cleared from the branch line before proceeding with fur- -ther tests. -After flowing the small end line, shut its hose valve and -test the feed or cross main by discharging water through a -21⁄2 in. (65 mm) fire hose, collecting any foreign material in -a burlap bag. -After the test, the dry pipe valve should be cleaned inter- -nally and reset. Its control valve should be locked open and a -drain test performed. -D.3.4 Investigating Wet Pipe Systems. Testing of wet systems -is similar to that of dry systems, except that the system should -be drained after closing the control valve to permit installa- -tion of hose valves for the test. Slowly reopen the control valve -and make a small hose flow as specified for the branch line, -followed by the 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose flow for the cross main. -In any case, if lines become plugged during the tests, pip- -ing should be dismantled and cleaned, the extent of plugging -noted, and a clear flow obtained from the branch line before -proceeding further. -Perform similar tests on representative systems to indicate -the general condition of the wet systems throughout the plant, -keeping a detailed record of the procedures performed. -D.3.5 Other Obstruction Investigation Methods. Other ob- -struction investigation methods, such as technically proven ul- -trasonic and X-ray examination, have been evaluated and if -applied correctly, are successful at detecting obstructions. -The sources of the obstructing material should be deter- -mined and steps taken to prevent further entrance of such -material. This entails work such as inspection and cleaning of -pump suction screening facilities or cleaning of private reser- -voirs. If recently laid public mains appear to be the source of -the obstructing material, waterworks authorities should be re- -quested to flush their system. -D.4 Obstruction Prevention Program. -D.4.1 Dry Pipe and Preaction Systems — Scale. -(1) Dry pipe and preaction systems using noncoated ferrous -piping should be thoroughly investigated for obstruction -from corrosion after they have been in service for -15 years, for 25 years, and every 5 years thereafter. -(2) Dry pipe systems with noncoated ferrous piping should be -kept on air year-round, rather than on air and water alter- -nately, to inhibit formation of rust and scale. -(3) Piping that has been galvanized internally for new dry -pipe and preaction sprinkler system installations should -be used. Fittings, couplings, hangers, and other appurte- -nances are not required to be galvanized. Copper or stain- -less steel piping also is permitted. -D.4.2 Flushing Connections. Sprinkler systems installed in ac- -cordance with recent editions of NFPA 13, Standard for the In- -stallation of Sprinkler Systems, should have provisions for flush- -ing each cross main. Similarly, branch lines on gridded -systems should be capable of being readily “broken” at a -simple union or flexible joint. Property owners of systems in- -stalled without these provisions should be encouraged to pro- -vide them when replacement or repair work is being done. -FIGURE D.3.2(a) Replacement of Elbow at End of Cross -Main with a Flushing Connection Consisting of a 50 mm (2 in.) -Nipple and Cap. -Flushing -connection -Cross main -hose gate valve -hose -Elbow and drop nipple -attached for flushing -Nipple to -branch line -Bushing -2¹⁄₂ in. (65 mm) -2¹⁄₂ in. (65 mm) -FIGURE D.3.2(b) Connection of 65 mm (2 1⁄2 in.) Hose Gate -Valve with a 50 mm (2 in.) Bushing and Nipple and Elbow to -50 mm (2 in.) Cross Main. -25–94 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -D.4.3 Suction Supplies. -(1) Screen pump suction supplies and screens should be -maintained. Connections from penstocks should be -equipped with strainers or grids, unless the penstock in- -lets themselves are so equipped. Pump suction screens of -copper or brass wire tend to promote less aquatic growth. -(2) Extreme care should be used to prevent material from -entering the suction piping when cleaning tanks and -open reservoirs. Materials removed from the interior of -gravity tanks during cleaning should not be allowed to -enter the discharge pipe. -(3) Small mill ponds could need periodic dredging where -weeds and other aquatic growth are inherent. -D.4.4 Asian Clams. Effective screening of larvae and small- -size, juvenile Asian clams from fire protection systems is very -difficult. To date, no effective method of total control has -been found. Such controls can be difficult to achieve in fire -protection systems. -D.4.5 Calcium Carbonate. For localities suspected of having -hard water, sample sprinklers should be removed and in- -spected yearly. Section D.2.5 outlines sprinkler locations -prone to the accumulation of deposits where hard water is a -problem. Sprinklers found with deposits should be replaced, -and adjacent sprinklers should be checked. -D.4.6 Zebra Mussels. Several means of controlling the zebra -mussel are being studied, including molluscicides, chlorines, -ozone, shell strainers, manual removal, robotic cleaning, wa- -ter jetting, line pigging, sonic pulses, high-voltage electrical -fields, and thermal backwashing. It is believed that these con- -trols might need to be applied only during spawning periods -when water temperatures are 57°F to 61°F (14°C to 16°C) and -veligers are present. Several silicon grease-based coatings also -are being investigated for use within piping systems. -While it appears that the use of molluscicides could pro- -vide the most effective means of controlling the mussel, these -chemicals are costly. It is believed that chlorination is the best -available short-term treatment, but there are problems associ- -ated with the use of chlorine, including strict Environmental -Protection Agency regulations on the release of chlorine into -lakes and streams. The use of nonselective poison, such as -chlorine, in the amounts necessary to kill the mussels in large -bodies of water could be devastating to entire ecosystems. -To provide an effective means of control against zebra mus- -sels in fire protection systems, control measures should be ap- -plied at the water source, instead of within the piping system. -Effective controls for growth of the zebra mussel within fire -protection systems include the following: -(1) Selecting a water source that is not subject to infestation. -This could include well water or potable or pretreated -water. -(2) Implementing a water treatment program that includes -biocides or elevated pH, or both. -(3) Implementing a water treatment program to remove oxy- -gen, to ensure control of biological growth within piping. -(4) Relying on a tight system approach to deny oxygen and -nutrients that are necessary to support growth. -D.5 Flushing Procedures. -D.5.1 Yard Mains. Yard mains should be flushed thoroughly -before flushing any interior piping. Flush yard piping through -hydrants at dead ends of the system or through blow-off valves, -allowing the water to run until clear. If the water is supplied -from more than one direction or from a looped system, close -divisional valves to produce a high-velocity flow through each -single line. A velocity of at least 10 ft/sec (3 m/sec) is necessary -for scouring the pipe and for lifting foreign material to an -aboveground flushing outlet. Use the flow specified in Table -D.5.1 or the maximum flow available for the size of the yard -main being flushed. -Connections from the yard piping to the sprinkler riser -should be flushed. These are usually 6 in. (150 mm) mains. -Although flow through a short, open-ended 2 in. (50 mm) -drain can create sufficient velocity in a 6 in. (150 mm) main to -move small obstructing material, the restricted waterway of -the globe valve usually found on a sprinkler drain might not -Table D.5.1 Flushing Rates to Accomplish Flow of 10 ft/sec (3 m/sec) -Steel Copper Polybutylene -Pipe -Size -SCH -10 (gpm) -SCH -40 (gpm) -XL -(gpm) -K -(gpm) -L -(gpm) -M -(gpm) -CPVC -(gpm) -CTS -(gpm) -IPS -(gpm) -3⁄4 — —— 1 41 51 6 1 9 1 2 1 7 -12 9 2 43 0 2 42 62 7 3 0 2 0 2 7 -11⁄4 51 47 52 38 39 41 48 30 43 -11⁄2 69 63 70 54 55 57 63 42 57 -2 114 105 114 94 96 99 98 72 90 -21⁄2 170 149 163 145 149 152 144 — — -3 260 230 251 207 212 217 213 — — -4 449 396 — 364 373 379 — — — -5 686 623 — 565 582 589 — — — -6 989 880 — 807 836 846 — — — -8 1665 1560 — 1407 1460 1483 — — — -10 2632 2440 — 2185 2267 2303 — — — -12 — 3520 — — — — — — — -For SI units, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/min. -25–95ANNEX D -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -allow stones and other large objects to pass. If the presence of -large size material is suspected, a larger outlet is needed to -pass such material and to create the flow necessary to move it. -Fire department connections on sprinkler risers can be used -as flushing outlets by removing the clappers. Yard mains also -can be flushed through a temporary Siamese fitting attached -to the riser connection before the sprinkler system is installed. -[See Figure D.5.1.] -D.5.2 Sprinkler Piping. Two methods commonly are used for -flushing sprinkler piping: -(1) The hydraulic method -(2) The hydropneumatic method -The hydraulic method consists of flowing water from the -yard mains, sprinkler risers, feed mains, cross mains, and -branch lines, respectively, in the same direction in which water -would flow during a fire. -The hydropneumatic method uses special equipment and -compressed air to blow a charge of about 30 gal (114 dm3)o f -water from the ends of branch lines back into feed mains and -down the riser, washing the foreign material out of an opening -at the base of the riser. -The choice of method depends on conditions at the indi- -vidual plant and the type of material installed. If examination -indicates the presence of loose sand, mud, or moderate -amounts of pipe scale, the piping generally can be flushed -satisfactorily by the hydraulic method. Where the material is -more difficult to remove and available water pressures are too -low for effective scouring action, the hydropneumatic method -generally is more satisfactory. The hydropneumatic method -should not be used with listed CPVC sprinkler piping. -In some cases, where obstructive material is solidly packed -or adheres tightly to the walls of the piping, the pipe needs to -be dismantled and cleaned by rodding or other means. -Dry pipe systems should be flooded one or two days before -flushing to soften pipe scale and deposits. -Successful flushing by either the hydraulic or hydropneu- -matic method is dependent on establishing sufficient velocity of -flow in the pipes to remove silt, scale, and other obstructive ma- -terial. With the hydraulic method, water should be moved -through the pipe at least at the rate of flow indicated in -Table D.5.1. -Where flushing a branch line through the end pipe, suffi- -cient water should be discharged to scour the largest pipe in -the branch line. Lower rates of flow can reduce the efficiency -of the flushing operation. To establish the recommended flow, -remove the small end piping and connect the hose to a larger -section, if necessary. -Where pipe conditions indicate internal or external corro- -sion, a section of the pipe affected should be cleaned thoroughly -to determine whether the walls of the pipe have seriously weak- -ened. Hydrostatic testing should be performed as outlined in -NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. -Pendent sprinklers should be removed and inspected until -it is reasonably certain that all are free of obstruction material. -Painting the ends of branch lines and cross mains is a con- -venient method for keeping a record of those pipes that have -been flushed. -D.5.3 Hydraulic Method. After the yard mains have been -thoroughly cleaned, flush risers, feed mains, cross mains, and -finally the branch lines. In multistory buildings, systems -should be flushed by starting at the lowest story and working -up. Branch line flushing in any story can immediately follow -the flushing of feed and cross mains in that story, allowing one -story to be completed at a time. Following this sequence pre- -vents drawing obstructing material into the interior piping. -To flush risers, feed mains, and cross mains, attach 2 1⁄2 in. -(65 mm) hose gate valves to the extreme ends of these lines -[see Figure D.5.3]. Such valves usually can be procured from the -manifold of fire pumps or hose standpipes. As an alternative, -an adapter with 2 1⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose thread and standard -pipe thread can be used with a regular gate valve. A length of -fire hose without a nozzle should be attached to the flushing -connection. To prevent kinking of the hose and to obtain -maximum flow, an elbow usually should be installed between -the end of the sprinkler pipe and the hose gate valve. Attach -the valve and hose so that no excessive strain will be placed on -the threaded pipe and fittings. Support hose lines properly. -Where feed and cross mains and risers contain pipe 4 in., -5 in., and 6 in. (100 mm, 125 mm, and 150 mm) in diameter, it -could be necessary to use a Siamese with two hose connections -to obtain sufficient flow to scour this larger pipe. -Indicator -post -gate -valve -Y or fire department -connection with -clappers removed, or -4 in. (100 mm) tee with -hose connections -Cast-iron -flanged -spigot piece -(permanent) -Underground -mains -fire hose -flow through -open hose butts -Flanged reducing elbow -6 in. × 4 in. (150 mm × 100 mm) -8 in. × 4 in. (200 mm × 100 mm) -(temporary) -2¹⁄₂ in. (65 mm) -2¹⁄₂ in. (65 mm) -FIGURE D.5.1 Arrangement for Flushing Branches from Un- -derground Mains to Sprinkler Risers. -Two flexible connections with -short nipple between -Nipple and capNorth cross main -Nipple and cap -Branch -line -South cross main Nipple and cap -FIGURE D.5.3 Gridded Sprinkler System Piping. -25–96 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Flush branch lines after feed and cross mains have been -thoroughly cleared. Equip the ends of several branch lines -with gate valves, and flush individual lines of the group con- -secutively. This eliminates the need for shutting off and drain- -ing the sprinkler system to change a single hose line. The hose -should be 11⁄2 in. (40 mm) in diameter and as short as practi- -cable. Branch lines can be permitted to be flushed in any or- -der that expedites the work. -Branch lines also can be permitted to be flushed through -pipe 11⁄2 in. (40 mm) in diameter or larger while extended -through a convenient window. If pipe is used, 45 degree fit- -tings should be provided at the ends of branch lines. Where -flushing branch lines, hammering the pipes is an effective -method of moving obstructions. -Figure D.5.3 shows a typical gridded piping arrangement -prior to flushing. The flushing procedure is as follows: -(1) Disconnect all branch lines and cap all open ends. -(2) Remove the cap from the east end of the south cross -main, flush the main, and replace the cap. -(3) Remove the cap from branch line 1, flush the line, and -replace the cap. -(4) Repeat step (3) for the remaining branch lines. -(5) Reconnect enough branch lines at the west end of the -system so that the aggregate cross-sectional area of the -branch lines approximately equals the area of the north -cross main. For example, three 1 1⁄4 in. (32 mm) branch -lines approximately equal a 2 1⁄2 in. (65 mm) cross main. -Remove the cap from the east end of the north cross -main, flush the main, and replace the cap. -(6) Disconnect and recap the branch lines. Repeat step (5), -but reconnect branch lines at the east end of the system -and flush the north cross main through its west end. -(7) Reconnect all branch lines and recap the cross main. -Verify that the sprinkler control valve is left in the open -and locked position. -D.5.4 Hydropneumatic Method. The apparatus used for hy- -dropneumatic flushing consists of a hydropneumatic ma- -chine, a source of water, a source of compressed air, 1 in. -(25 mm) rubber hose for connecting to branch lines, and -21⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose for connecting to cross mains. -The hydropneumatic machine [see Figure D.5.4(a)]consists -of a 30 gal (114 dm3)( 4f t3) water tank mounted over a 185 gal -(700 dm3)( 4f t 3) compressed air tank. The compressed air -tank is connected to the top of the water tank througha2i n . -(50 mm) lubricated plug cock. The bottom of the water tank is -connected through hose to a suitable water supply. The com- -pressed air tank is connected through suitable air hose to ei- -ther the plant air system or a separate air compressor. -To flush the sprinkler piping, the water tank is filled with wa- -ter, the pressure is raised to 100 psi (6.9 bar) in the compressed -air tank, and the plug cock between tanks is opened to put air -pressure on the water. The water tank is connected by hose to the -sprinkler pipe to be flushed. The lubricated plug cock on the -discharge outlet at the bottom of the water tank then is snapped -open, allowing the water to be “blown” through the hose and -sprinkler pipe by the compressed air. The water tank and air tank -should be recharged after each blow. -Outlets for discharging water and obstructing material -from the sprinkler system should be arranged. With the clap- -pers of dry pipe valves and alarm check valves on their seats -and cover plates removed, sheet metal fittings can be used for -connection to 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose lines or for discharge into -a drum [maximum capacity per blow is approximately 30 gal -(114 dm3)]. If the 2 in. (50 mm) riser drain is to be used, the -drain valve should be removed and a direct hose connection -made. For wet pipe systems with no alarm check valves, the -riser should be taken apart just below the drain opening and a -plate inserted to prevent foreign material from dropping to -the base of the riser. Where dismantling of a section of the -riser for this purpose is impractical, the hydropneumatic -method should not be used. -Before starting a flushing job, each sprinkler system to be -cleaned should be studied and a schematic plan prepared -showing the order of the blows. -To determine that the piping is clear after it has been flushed, -representative branch lines and cross mains should be investi- -gated, using both visual examination and sample flushings. -(1) Branch Lines.With the yard mains already flushed or known -to be clear, the sprinkler branch lines should be flushed -next. The order of cleaning individual branch lines should -be laid out carefully if an effective job is to be done. In gen- -eral, the branch lines should be flushed, starting with the -branch closest to the riser and working toward the dead end -of the cross main.[See Figure D.5.4(b).]The order for flushing -the branch lines is shown by the circled numerals. In this -example, the southeast quadrant is flushed first, then the -2 -1 -4 5 6 7 -3 -1 -1 -8 -9 -1 Lubricated plug cocks -2 Pipe connection between air and water tanks (This connection is -/nobreakspace/nobreakspace/nobreakspaceopen when flushing sprinkler system.) -3 Air pressure gauge -4 1 in. (25 mm) rubber hose (air type) (Used to flush sprinkler branch -/nobreakspace/nobreakspace/nobreakspacelines.) -5 Hose connected to source of water (Used to fill water tank.) -6 Hose connected to ample source of compressed air (Used to supply -/nobreakspace/nobreakspace/nobreakspaceair tank.) -7 Water tank overflow hose -8 2¹⁄₂ in. (65 mm) pipe connection [Where flushing large interior piping, -/nobreakspace/nobreakspace/nobreakspaceconnect woven jacket fire hose here and close 1 in. (25 mm) plug -/nobreakspace/nobreakspace/nobreakspacecock hose connection (4) used for flushing sprinkler branch lines.] -9 Air tank drain valve -Water tank -Air tank -FIGURE D.5.4(a) Hydropneumatic Machine. -25–97ANNEX D -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -southwest, followed by the northeast, and, finally, the north- -west. Air hose 1 in. (25 mm) in diameter is used to connect -the machine with the end of the branch line being flushed. -This hose air pressure should be allowed to drop to 85 psi -(5.9 bar) before the valve is closed. The resulting short slug -of water experiences less friction loss and a higher velocity -and, therefore, cleans more effectively than if the full 30 gal -(114 dm3) of water were to be used. One blow is made for -each branch line. -(2) Large Piping. Where flushing cross mains, fill the water -tank completely and raise the pressure in the air receiver -to 100 psi (6.9 bar) (690 kPa). Connect the machine to -the end of the cross main to be flushed with no more than -50 ft (15.2 m) of 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose. After opening the -valve, allow air pressure in the machine to drop to zero (0). -Two to six blows are necessary at each location, depending -on the size and length of the main. In Figure D.5.4(b), the -numerals in squares indicate the location and order of the -cross main blows. Because the last branch line blows per- -formed were located west of the riser, clean the cross main -located east of the riser first. Where large cross mains are to -be cleaned, it is best, if practical, to make one blow at 38, one -at 39, the next again at 38, then again at 39, alternating in -this manner until the required number of blows has been -made at each location. -(3) Where flushing cross mains and feed mains, arrange -the work so that the water passes through a minimum -of right-angle bends. In Figure D.5.4(b), blows at 38 -should be adequate to flush the cross mains back to the -riser. Do not attempt to clean the cross main from loca- -tion A to the riser by backing out branch line 16 and -connecting the hose to the open side of the tee. If this -were to be done, a considerable portion of the blow -would pass northward up the 3 in. (76 mm) line supply- -ing branches 34 to 37, and the portion passing eastward -to the riser could be ineffective. Where the size, length, -and condition of cross mains necessitate blowing from -a location corresponding to location A, the connection -should be made directly to the cross main correspond- -ing to the 3 1⁄2 in. (90 mm) pipe so that the entire flow -travels to the riser. Where flushing through a tee, always -flush the run of the tee after flushing the branch. Note -the location of blows 35, 36, and 37 in Figure D.5.4(b). -Gridded systems can be flushed in a similar fashion. -With branch lines disconnected and capped, begin -flushing the branch line closest to the riser (branch -line 1 in Figure D.5.3), working toward the most re- -mote line. Then flush the south cross main in Figure -D.5.3 by connecting the hose to the east end. Flushing -the north cross main involves connecting the hose to -one end while discharging to a safe location from the -other end. -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -39 -31 30 29 28 27 26 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 -38 -87654321910111213141516 -2 in. -(50 mm)3¹⁄₂ in. (89 mm) -5 in. (125 mm) -N -A -6 in. -(150 mm) -Riser - -4 in. - (100 mm) -4 in. - (100 mm) -3 in. (76 mm) -2¹⁄₂ in. (64 mm) -2¹⁄₂ in. (64 mm) -2¹⁄₂ in. (64 mm) -3 in. (76 mm) -3¹⁄₂ in. -(89 mm) -FIGURE D.5.4(b) Schematic Diagram of Sprinkler System Showing Sequence To Be Followed -Where Hydropneumatic Method Is To Be Utilized. -25–98 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Annex E Examples of Classifications of Needed -Repairs -This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document -but is included for informational purposes only. -E.1 Table E.1 is an example of classifications (e.g., impair- -ment, critical deficiency, or noncritical deficiency) of some of -the needed corrections and repairs that are identified during -the inspection, testing, and maintenance of some systems. -This table is not all-inclusive but is included in this annex to -provide some guidance in responding to needed corrections -and repairs. The table does not take into account the nature of -the hazard or the life safety exposure of the occupancy and -should be used with good judgment. -Table E.1 Examples of Classifications of Needed Corrections and Repairs -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Chapter 5: Sprinkler Systems — Inspection -Sprinklers Leaking, heavily corroded, painted operating -element or bulb or deflector or cover plate, -heavily loaded, foreign materials attached to -or suspended from, improper orientation, -glass bulbs that have lost fluid -5.2.1.1.1 X -Sprinklers Lightly corroded, painted frame arm or boss, -lightly loaded -5.2.1.1.1 X -Sprinklers Spray pattern obstructed — less than 18 in. -below deflector (storage, signs, banner, etc.) -5.2.1.2 X -Sprinklers Spray pattern obstructed — greater than 18 in. -below deflector (ducts, decks, etc., over 4 ft -wide, overhead doors) -5.2.1.2 X -Escutcheons Missing, painted, or rusted 5.2.1.1.4 X -Spare sprinkler cabinet Cabinet missing, temperature over 100°F, not -proper number and type, missing wrench -for each type -5.2.1.4 (1) and (2) X -Pipe and fittings Leaking 5.2.2 X -Pipe and fittings Poor condition/external corrosion, -mechanical damage, not properly aligned, -external loads -5.2.2 X -Hangers and seismic braces Damaged or loose 5.2.3 X -Gauges Poor condition 5.2.4.1 X -Gauges Not showing normal water/air pressure 5.2.4.1, 5.2.4.2 X -Gauges Freezer — system pressure lower than -compressor -5.2.4.4 X -Building Prior to freezing weather — exposed piping -exposed to freezing -4.1.1.1 X -Building Found during potential for freezing weather -— exposed piping exposed to freezing -4.1.1.1 X -Alarm devices Physical damage apparent 5.2.5 X -Hydraulic design -information sign -Not legible or missing 5.2.6 X -Chapter 5: Sprinkler Systems — Testing -Sprinklers — standard No test after 50 years, every 10 years thereafter 5.3.1.1.1 X -Sprinklers — standard Prior to 1920 not replaced 5.3.1.1.1.2 X -Sprinklers — fast response No test after 20 years, every 10 years thereafter 5.3.1.1.1.3 X -Sprinklers — solder-type -325°F or greater -No test after 5 years, every 5 years thereafter 5.3.1.1.1.4 X -Sprinklers — standard No test after 75 years, every 5 years thereafter 5.3.1.1.1.5 X -Sprinklers — dry No test after 10 years, every 10 years thereafter 5.3.1.1.1.6 X -Sprinklers — subject to -harsh environments -(Corrosive atmospheres, corrosive water -supply, includes freezers and coolers) No -test after 5 years, every 5 years thereafter -5.3.1.1.2 X -Sprinklers — solder type (Commercial-type cooking equipment and -ventilating systems) No replacement after -1 year -5.4.1.9 X -(continues) -25–99ANNEX E -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table E.1 Continued -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Sprinklers in spray coating -areas -Plastic or paper bags used to protect against -overspray residue, with deposits or residue -accumulation -5.4.1.7.1, 5.4.1.7.2 X -Gauges Not replaced or calibrated in 5 years, not -accurate within 3% of scale -5.3.2 X -Alarm devices Water motor and gong not functioning 5.3.3 X -Alarm devices Pressure switch or vane type switch not -functioning or no alarm -5.3.3 X -Antifreeze systems Specific gravity of antifreeze not correct 5.3.4 X -Main drain Large drop in full flow pressure or slow -return to normal static pressure -13.2.5.2 X -Obstruction investigation No inspection of main and branch line after -5 years or inspection revealed presence of -MIC, zebra mussels, rust, and scale -14.3 X -Chapter 6: Standpipe and Hose Systems — Inspection -Piping Leaking 6.2.1 X -Piping Poor condition/external corrosion, -mechanical damage, not properly aligned, -external loads -6.2.1 X -Hose Cuts, couplings not of compatible threads 6.2.1, NFPA 1962 X -Hose Deterioration, no gasket or damaged gaskets 6.2.1, NFPA 1962 X -Hose Mildew present, corrosion present, hose not -connected -6.2.1, NFPA 1962 X -Hose nozzle Missing, broken parts or thread gasket -damaged -6.2.1, NFPA 1962 X -Hose storage Hose not properly racked or rolled, nozzle -clip missing, nozzle not contained, -damaged, obstructed -6.2.1, NFPA 1962 X -Cabinet Corroded or damaged parts, not easy to open, -not accessible, not identified, door glazing -in poor condition, lock not functioning in -break glass type, valve, hose nozzle, fire -extinguisher, etc. not readily accessible -6.2.1, NFPA 1962 X -Chapter 6: Standpipe and Hose Systems — Testing -Hose storage device Rack will not swing out of cabinet at least 90° 6.2.1, NFPA 1962 X -Standpipe system Test results did not provide design pressure at -required flow -6.3.1.1 X -Standpipe system No flow test done after 5 years 6.3.1.1 X -Dry standpipe, dry portion -of wet standpipe and -manual standpipe system -Test showed leaks 6.3.2 X -Dry standpipe, dry portion -of wet standpipe and -manual standpipe system -No hydrostatic test done after 5 years 6.3.2 X -Main drain Large drop in full flow pressure or slow return -to normal static pressure -6.3.1.5 X -Obstruction investigation No inspection of main and branch line after -5 years, or inspection revealed presence of -MIC, zebra mussels, rust, and scale -14.3 X -Chapter 7: Private Fire Service Mains — Inspection -Exposed piping Leaking 7.2.2.1.2 X -Exposed piping Mechanical damage, corroded or not properly -restrained -7.2.2.1.2 X -Mainline strainers Plugged or fouled 7.2.2.3 X -Mainline strainers Corroded 7.2.2.3 X -Dry barrel, wet barrel, and -wall hydrant -Inaccessible, barrel contains ice, cracks in -barrel -7.2.2.4 X -25–100 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table E.1 Continued -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Dry barrel, wet barrel, and -wall hydrant -Barrel contains water, improper drainage -from barrel, leaks at outlets or top of -hydrant -7.2.2.4 X -Dry barrel, wet barrel, and -wall hydrant -Tightness of outlets, worn nozzle threads, -worn operating nut, missing wrench -7.2.2.4 X -Monitor nozzles Damaged, corroded or leaking 7.2.2.6 X -Hose/hydrant houses Inaccessible 7.2.2.7 X -Hose/hydrant houses Damaged 7.2.2.7 X -Hose/hydrant houses Not fully equipped 7.2.2.7 X -Chapter 7: Private Fire Service Mains — Testing -Underground and exposed -piping -No flow test done after 5 years or test results -not comparable to previous results -7.3.1 X -Dry barrel and wall hydrant Hydrant did not flow clear or did not drain -within 60 minutes -7.3.2.1 -7.3.2.4 -X -Monitor nozzles Did not flow acceptable amount of water or -did not operate throughout their full range -7.3.3.1 -7.3.3.2 -X -Chapter 8: Fire Pumps — Inspection -Pump house/room Heat not adequate, temperature less than 40°F -(less than 70°F for diesel pumps without -engine heaters) -8.2.2(1) X -Pump house/room Ventilating louvers not free to operate 8.2.2(1) X -Pump system Suction, discharge, or bypass valves not fully -open, pipe leaking, suction line and system -line pressure not normal, wet pit suction -screens obstructed -8.2.2(2) X -Pump system Suction reservoir not full, wet pit suction -screens missing -8.2.2(2) X -Electrical system No electrical power — controller pilot light -not illuminated, transfer switch pilot light -not illuminated, isolating switch not closed, -reverse phase alarm pilot light on or normal -phase light is off, oil level in vertical motor -sight glass not normal -8.2.2(3) X -Electrical system Circuit breakers and fuses over -2 years old -8.2.2(3) X -Electrical system Electrical power is provided — controller pilot -light not illuminated, transfer switch pilot -light not illuminated, reverse phase alarm -pilot light on or normal phase light is not -illuminated -8.2.2(3) X -Diesel engine system Fuel tank less than two-thirds full, controller -selector switch not in auto position, battery -voltage readings not normal, battery -charging current not normal, battery pilot -lights off or battery failure pilot lights on, -alarm pilot lights are on, engine running -time meter not reading, oil level in right -angle gear drive not normal, crankcase oil -level not normal, cooling water level not -normal, electrolyte level in batteries not -normal, battery terminals corroded, -water-jacket heater not operating -8.2.2(4) X -Steam system Steam pressure gauge reading not normal 8.2.2(5) X -(continues) -25–101ANNEX E -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table E.1 Continued -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Chapter 8: Fire Pumps — Testing -Fire pump test Pump did not start automatically, electric -pump did not run 10 minutes, diesel -pump did not run 30 minutes -8.3.2.3, 8.3.2.4 X -Fire pump test — pump -system -System suction and discharge gauge -reading, or pump starting pressure not -acceptable -8.3.2.8 (1) X -Fire pump test — pump -system -Pump packing gland discharge not -acceptable, unusual noise or vibration, -packing boxes, bearings or pump casing -overheating -8.3.2.8(1) X -Fire pump test — -electrical system -Time for motor to accelerate to full speed, -time controller is on first step or time -pump runs after starting not acceptable -8.3.2.8(2) X -Fire pump test — diesel -engine system -Time for engine to crank and time for -engine to reach running speed not -acceptable, low rpm, low oil pressure, -high temperature, high cooling water -pressure -8.3.2.8(3) X -Fire pump test — steam -system -Gauge reading and time for turbine to reach -running speed not acceptable -8.3.2.8(4) X -Fire pump annual test Churn condition not maintained for 30 -minutes, circulation relief valve and/or -pressure relief valve did not work properly -8.3.3.2, 8.3.2.4 X -Fire pump annual test Pressure relief valve did not work properly at -each flow condition -8.3.3.3 X -Fire pump annual test -(with transfer switch) -Overcurrent protective devices opened -when simulating a power failure condition -at peak load, power not transferred to -alternate source, pump did not continue -to perform at peak load, pump did not -reconnect to normal power after -removing power failure condition -8.3.3.4 X -Fire pump annual test Alarms did not properly operate 8.3.3.5 X -Pump house/room Heating, lighting, ventilating systems did not -pass test -8.3.4.3 X -Fire pump annual test Parallel or angular alignment was not -correct -8.3.4.4 X -Fire pump annual test Flow test results are not within 5% of -acceptance test or nameplate -8.3.5.4 X -Fire pump annual test Voltage readings at the motor are not within -5% below or 10% above the rated -(nameplate) -8.3.5.6 X -Chapter 9: Water Storage Tanks — Inspection -Water level Water level and/or condition not correct 9.2.1 X -Air pressure Air pressure in pressure tanks not correct 9.2.2 X -Heating system Heating system not operational, water -temperature below 40°F -9.2.3 X -Exterior Tank exterior, supporting structure, vents, -foundation, catwalks, or ladders where -provided are damaged -9.2.5.1 X -Exterior Area arround tank has fire exposure hazard -in form of combustible storage, trash, -debris, brush, or material -9.2.5.2 X -Exterior Accumulation of material on or near parts -that could result in accelerated corrosion -or rot -9.2.5.2 X -Exterior Ice buildup on tank and support 9.2.5.2 X -25–102 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table E.1 Continued -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Exterior Erosion exists on exterior sides or top of -embankments supporting coated fabric -tanks -9.2.5.2 X -Exterior Expansion joints leaking or cracking 9.2.5.3 X -Exterior Hoops and grilles of wooden tanks in poor -condition -9.2.5.4 X -Exterior Exterior painted, coated, or insulated -surfaces of tanks or supporting structure -degraded -9.2.5.5 X -Interior (pressure tanks or -steel tanks w/o -corrosion protection -every 3 years, all others -every 5 years) -Pitting, corrosion, spalling, rot, other forms -of deterioration, waste materials exist, -aquatic growth, local or general failure of -interior coating -9.2.6.3 X -Interior (pressure tanks or -steel tanks w/o -corrosion protection -every 3 years, all others -every 5 years) -Voids beneath floor, with sand in the middle -of tanks on ring type foundations -9.2.6.5 X -Interior (pressure tanks or -steel tanks w/o -corrosion protection -every 3 years, all others -every 5 years) -Heating system components or piping in -poor condition -9.2.6.6 X -Interior (pressure tanks or -steel tanks w/o -corrosion protection -every 3 years, all others -every 5 years) -Blockage of anti-vortex plate 9.2.6.7 X -Interior (pressure tanks or -steel tanks w/o -corrosion protection -every 3 years, all others -every 5 years) -Deterioration of anti-vortex plate 9.2.6.7 X -Chapter 9: Water Storage Tanks — Testing -Interior testing Tank coating did not pass adhesion, coating -thickness, or wet sponge test -9.2.7 X -Interior testing Tank walls and bottoms did not pass -ultrasonic test -9.2.7 X -Interior testing Tank bottom seams did not pass -vacuum-box test -9.2.7 X -Testing Level indicator not tested after 5 years, -lacked freedom of movement or not -accurate -9.3.1 X -Testing Low water temperature alarm did not -pass test -9.3.3 X -Testing High water temperature limit switch did -not pass test -9.3.4 X -Testing High and low water level alarms did not -pass test -9.3.5 X -Gauges Not tested in 5 years, not accurate within -3% of scale -9.3.6 X -(continues) -25–103ANNEX E -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table E.1 Continued -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Chapter 10: Water Spray Fixed Systems — Inspection -Pipe and fittings Mechanical damage, missing or damaged -paint or coating, rusted or corroded, not -properly aligned or trapped sections, low -point drains not functioning, improper -location of rubber-gasketed fittings -10.2.4.1 X -Hangers and seismic -braces -Damaged or missing, not securely attached -to structural or piping, missing or -damaged paint or coating, rusted or -corroded -10.2.4.2 X -Water spray nozzles Discharge devices missing, not properly -positioned or pointed in design direction, -loaded or corroded -10.2.5.1 X -Water spray nozzles Missing caps or plugs if required, or not free -to operate as intended -10.2.5.2 X -Strainers Strainer plugged or fouled 10.2.7 X -Strainers Strainer damaged or corroded 10.2.7 X -Drainage Trap sumps and drainage trenches blocked, -retention embankments or dikes in -disrepair -10.2.8 X -Ultra-high-speed Detectors have physical damage or deposits -on lenses of optical detectors -10.4.2 X -Ultra-high-speed Controllers found to have faults 10.4.3 X -Chapter 10: Water Spray Fixed Systems — Testing -Operational test Heat detection system did not operate -within 40 seconds, flammable gas -detection system did not operate within -20 seconds -10.3.4.1.1 X -Operational test Test not done after 1 year 10.3.1.1 X -Operational test Nozzles are plugged 10.3.4.3.1 X -Operational test Nozzles are not correctly positioned 10.3.4.3.1 X -Operational test Pressure readings are not comparable to -original design requirements -10.3.4.4 X -Operational test Manual actuation devices did not work -properly -10.3.6 X -Main drain Large drop in full flow pressure or slow -return to normal static pressure -10.3.7.1 X -Ultra-high-speed -operational test -Response time was more than -100 milliseconds -10.4.5 X -Ultra-high-speed -operational test -Test not done after 1 year 10.4.5 X -Obstruction investigation No inspection of main and branch line after -5 years or inspection revealed presence of -MIC, zebra mussels, rust, and scale -14.3 X -Chapter 11: Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems — Inspection -Alarm devices Physical damage apparent 11.1.4.1.3 X -Pipe and fittings Mechanical damage, missing or damaged -paint or coating, rusted or corroded, not -properly aligned or trapped sections, low -point drains not functioning, improper -location or poor condition of -rubber-gasketed fittings -11.2.3 X -Hangers and seismic -braces -Damaged or missing, not securely attached -to structural or piping, missing or -damaged paint or coating, rusted or -corroded -11.2.4 X -25–104 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table E.1 Continued -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Foam-water discharge -devices -Discharge devices missing, not properly -positioned or pointed in design direction, -loaded, or corroded -11.2.5.1 X -Foam-water discharge -devices -Not free to operate as intended 11.2.5.2 X -Foam-water discharge -devices -Missing caps or plugs if required 11.2.5.2 X -Foam-water discharge -devices -Discharge devices not listed for use with -foam concentrate -11.2.5.4 X -Foam concentrate -strainers -Blow-down valve open or not plugged 11.2.7.2 X -Drainage Trap sumps and drainage trenches blocked, -retention embankments or dikes in -disrepair -11.2.8 X -Proportioning systems -(all) -Proportioning system valves not in correct -open/closed position in accordance with -specified operating conditions -11.2.9.3 X -Proportioning systems -(all) -Concentrate tank does not have correct -quantity required by original design -11.2.9.4 X -Standard pressure -proportioner -Automatic drains (ball drip valves) not free -or open, external corrosion on foam -concentrate tanks -11.2.9.5.1 X -Bladder tank -proportioner -Water control valve to foam concentrate in -“closed” position -11.2.9.5.2 X -Bladder tank -proportioner -Foam in water surrounding bladder 11.2.9.5.2 X -Bladder tank -proportioner -External corrosion on foam concentrate -tank -11.2.9.5.2 X -Line proportioner Strainer damaged, corroded, plugged, or -fouled, pressure vacuum vent not -operating freely -11.2.9.5.3 X -Line proportioner External corrosion on foam concentrate -tank -11.2.9.5.3 X -Standard balanced -pressure proportioner -Sensing line valves not open, no power to -foam liquid pump -11.2.9.5.4 X -Standard balanced -pressure proportioner -Strainer damaged, corroded, plugged, or -fouled, pressure vacuum vent not -operating freely, gauges damaged or not -showing proper pressures -11.2.9.5.4 X -In-line balanced pressure -proportioner -Sensing line valves at pump unit or -individual proportioner stations not open, -no power to foam liquid pump -11.2.9.5.5 X -In-line balanced pressure -proportioner -Strainer damaged, corroded, plugged, or -fouled, pressure vacuum vent not -operating freely, gauges damaged or not -showing proper pressures -11.2.9.5.5 X -Orifice plate proportioner No power to foam liquid pump 11.2.9.5.6 X -Orifice plate proportioner Strainer damaged, corroded, plugged, or -fouled, pressure vacuum vent not -operating freely, gauges damaged or not -showing proper pressures -11.2.9.5.6 X -Foam concentrate Samples not taken and submitted for test 11.2.10 X -(continues) -25–105ANNEX E -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table E.1 Continued -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Chapter 11: Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems — Testing -Alarm devices Water motor and gong not functioning 11.3.1.1 -11.3.1.1 -X -Alarm devices Pressure switch or vane type switch not -functioning or no alarm -11.3.1.2 -11.3.1.2 -X -Operational test Fire detection system did not operate within -requirements of NFPA 72 -11.3.2.4 X -Operational test Test not done after 1 year 11.3 X -Operational test Nozzles are plugged 11.3.2.6.1 X -Operational test Nozzles are not correctly positioned 11.3.2.6.1 X -Operational test Pressure readings are not comparable to -original design requirements -11.3.2.7.3 X -Operational test Manual actuation devices did not work -properly -11.3.4 X -Operational test Foam sample did not pass concentration test 11.3.5 X -Main drain Large drop in full flow pressure or slow -return to normal static pressure -13.2.5.2 X -Obstruction investigation No inspection of main and branch line after -5 years, or inspection revealed presence of -MIC, zebra mussels, rust, and scale -14.3 X -Chapter 13: Valves, Valve Components, and Trim — Inspection -Gauges Poor condition 13.2.7.1 X -Gauges Not showing normal water/air pressure 13.2.7.1 X -Control valve Improper closed position 13.3.2.2 X -Control valve Improper open position, leaking 13.3.2.2 X -Control valve Not sealed, locked, or supervised, not -accessible, no appropriate wrench if -required, and no identification -13.3.2.2 X -Alarm valve External physical damage, trim valves not in -appropriate open or closed position, -retard chamber or alarm drain leaking -13.4.1.1 X -Alarm valve Alarm valve, strainers, filters, and restricted -orifices not internally inspected after 5 -years -13.4.1.2 X -Check valve Check valve not internally inspected after 5 -years -13.4.2.1 X -Valve enclosure Not maintaining minimum 40°F -temperature -13.4.3.1.1 -13.4.4.1.1 -X -Preaction valve and -deluge valve -External physical damage, trim valves not in -appropriate open or closed position, valve -seat leaking -13.4.3.1.6 X -Preaction valve and -deluge valve -Electrical components not in service 13.4.3.1.6 X -Preaction valve and -deluge valve -Interior of preaction valve and/or deluge -valve, strainers, filters, restricted orifices, -and diaphragm chambers not internally -inspected after 5 years -13.4.3.1.8 X -Dry pipe valve/quick -opening device -External physical damage, trim valves not in -appropriate open or closed position, -intermediate chamber leaking -13.4.4.1.4 X -Dry pipe valve/quick -opening device -Dry pipe valve, strainers, filters, and -restricted orifices not internally inspected -after 5 years -13.4.4.1.6 X -Sprinkler pressure -reducing control valves -Not in open position, not maintaining -downstream pressures in accordance with -the design criteria -13.5.1.1 X -25–106 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table E.1 Continued -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Sprinkler pressure -reducing control valves -Leaking, valve damaged, handwheel missing -or broken -13.5.1.1 X -Hose connection pressure -reducing valves -Handwheel broken or missing, hose threads -damaged, leaking, reducer missing -13.5.2.1 X -Hose connection pressure -reducing valves -Cap missing 13.5.2.1 X -Hose rack assembly -pressure reducing valve -Handwheel broken or missing, leaking 13.5.3.1 X -Hose valves Leaking, visible obstructions; caps, hose -threads, valve handle, cap gasket, no -restricting device, damaged or in poor -condition -13.5.6.1 X -Backflow prevention -assemblies -Reduced pressure assemblies, -differential-sensing valve relief port -continuously discharging -13.6.1.2 X -Fire department -connection -Not accessible, couplings and swivels -damaged, do not rotate smoothly, clapper -not operating properly or missing -13.7.1 X -Fire department -connection -Not visible, couplings and swivels do not -rotate smoothly, plugs and caps or gaskets -damaged or missing, check valve leaking, -automatic drain not operating properly or -missing -13.7.1 X -Fire department -connection -Missing identification sign 13.7.1 X -Chapter 13: Valves, Valve Components, and Trim — Testing -Alarm devices Water motor and gong not functioning 13.2.6.1 X -Alarm devices Pressure switch or vane type switch not -functioning or no alarm -13.2.6.2 X -Gauges Not replaced or calibrated in 5 years, not -accurate within 3% of scale -13.2.7.2 -13.2.7.3 -X -Control valve Valve will not operate through its full range 13.3.3.1 X -Control valve No spring or torsion felt in rod when -opening post indicator valve -13.3.3.2 X -Supervisory switches No signal from two revolutions of the hand -wheel from normal position or when stem -has moved one-fifth of the distance from -normal position, signal restored in -position other than normal -13.3.3.5.2 X -Preaction valve Priming water level not correct 13.4.3.2.1 X -Deluge valve Annual full flow trip test revealed plugged -nozzles, pressure reading at hydraulically -most remote nozzle and/or at valve not -comparable to original design values, -manual actuation devices did not operate -properly -13.4.3.2.2.3 X -Preaction valve Low air pressure switch not tested quarterly 13.4.3.2.13 X -Preaction and deluge -valve -Low temperature switch did not send signal -or no alarm -13.4.3.2.14 X -Preaction valve Automatic air maintenance device did not -pass test -13.4.3.2.15 X -(continues) -25–107ANNEX E -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Table E.1 Continued -Item Finding Reference Impairment -Critical -Deficiency -Noncritical -Deficiency -Dry pipe valve Priming water level not correct 13.4.4.2.1 X -Dry pipe valve Annual trip test results were not comparable -to previous tests -13.4.4.2.2 X -Dry pipe valve No full flow trip test done after 3 years or -test results not comparable to previous -results -13.4.4.2.2.2 X -Quick opening device Quick opening device did not pass test 13.4.4.2.4 X -Dry pipe valve Low air pressure switch not tested 13.4.4.2.6 X -Dry pipe valve Low temperature switch did not send signal -or no alarm -13.4.4.2.7 X -Dry pipe valve Automatic air maintenance device did not -pass test -13.4.4.2.8 X -Dry pipe system No leakage test after 3 years 13.4.4.2.9 X -Dry pipe system Three year leakage test failed 13.4.4.2.9 X -Sprinkler pressure -reducing control valves -No full flow test done after 5 years, or test -results not comparable to previous results -13.5.1.2 X -Hose connection pressure -reducing valves -No full flow test done after 5 years, or test -results not comparable to previous results -13.5.2.2 X -Hose rack assembly -pressure reducing valve -No full flow test done after 5 years, or test -results not comparable to previous results -13.5.3.2 X -Hose valves (Class I and -Class III standpipe -system) -Annual test revealed valve leaking or -difficult to operate -13.5.6.2.1.1 X -Hose valves (Class II -standpipe system) -Test revealed valve leaking or difficult to -operate -13.5.6.2.2 -13.5.6.2.2.1 -X -Hose valves (Class II -standpipe system) -No test after 3 years 13.5.6.2.2 -13.5.6.2.2.1 -X -Backflow prevention -assemblies -Did not pass forward flow test 13.6.2.1 X -Backflow prevention -assemblies -No forward flow test done after 1 year 13.6.2.1 X -Backflow prevention -assemblies -Did not pass backflow performance test 13.6.2.1 X -Annex F Hazard Evaluation Form -This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document -but is included for informational purposes only. -F. 1 This annex provides one example of a hazard evaluation -form. A hazard evaluation is not part of a system inspection. -(See Figure F.1.) -25–108 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- - NFPA 25 (p. 1 of 4)© 2010 National Fire Protection Association -FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM HAZARD EVALUATION -Changes in building occupancy, use, or process, or material used or stored, create the need for evaluation of -the installed fire protection systems. This form is intended to identify and evaluate such changes and should -be completed only by an individual properly qualified in the area of system design. -Owner: Owner’s Address: -Property Being Evaluated: -Property Address: -Date of Work: -(All responses refer to the current hazard evaluation performed on this date.) -Section 1. Identification of Sprinklered Occupancy and Storage Hazards -(Use additional pages as needed.) -1. -2. -3. -4. -5. -Area of Property -(List nonsprinklered -areas separately in -Section 3.) -Type of -System and -Sprinklers -Design -Capability -of System -Hazard Protected -(uses or storage -arrangements, -including commodity) -Improvements -Needed to -Address Hazard -FIGURE F .1 Fire Sprinkler Hazard Evaluation. -25–109ANNEX F -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- - NFPA 25 (p. 2 of 4)© 2010 National Fire Protection Association -FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM HAZARD EVALUATION (continued) -Section 2. Evaluation of Protection -For each area of the property evaluated in Section 1, please answer the following questions with a “yes,” “no,” “N/A,” or -“?” and explain all “no” and “?” responses below by row and column identification: -Answer the following for each identified property area: 1 2 3 4 5 -a. Are all sprinklers the correct type for their application? -b. Are the obstructions to sprinklers in all areas within acceptable limits for the - specific types of sprinklers used? -c. Are hazards associated with all occupancy areas consistent with hazards typical - for that occupancy hazard classification? -d. Are stockpiles of combustibles located within occupancy areas limited to - appropriate heights? -e. Are miscellaneous and dedicated storage areas properly identified and managed? -f. Are all dedicated storage areas protected in accordance with the proper storage - configuration and commodity classification? -g. Is the storage or use of flammable liquids, combustible liquids, or aerosol products - in any area properly addressed? -h. Is all idle pallet storage properly protected? -i. Is there any presence of nitrate film, pyroxylin plastic, compressed or liquefied - gas cylinders, liquid or solid oxidizers, or organic peroxide formulations except - where specifically addressed by appropriate protection measures? -j. Are all sprinklers spaced appropriately for the hazard and the type of sprinkler? -k. Do the available sources of heat and cooling appear adequate for the type of system - and temperature rating of sprinklers? -Explanation of “no” and “?” answers: -Examples: - b2 – no – obstructions to ESFR sprinklers exceed currently accepted standards - e3 – ? – Owner must provide information on type of plastic involved in product before evaluation can be finalized. -FIGURE F .1 Continued -25–110 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- - NFPA 25 (p. 3 of 4)© 2010 National Fire Protection Association -FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM HAZARD EVALUATION (continued) -Section 3. Evaluation of Unsprinklered Areas -Section 4. Water Supply Evaluation -If this hazard evaluation is the result of a reduction in the residual pressure during routine inspections, -explain the results of the investigation made to determine the reasons for this change: -Explain the basis of continued acceptability of the water supply or proposed improvements: -1. -2. -3. -4. -5. -Area of Property for Which -Protection Is Not Provided -Basis of Lack of Protection -(if known) -Basis for Omission Under -Current Codes/Standards -FIGURE F .1 Continued -25–111ANNEX F -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- - NFPA 25 (p. 4 of 4)© 2010 National Fire Protection Association -FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM HAZARD EVALUATION (continued) -Section 5. Hazard Evaluator’s Information and Certification -Evaluator: -Company: -Company Address: -I state that the information on this form is correct at the time and place of my review of my evaluation. -Is this hazard evaluation completed? (Note: All “?” must be resolved.) ❏ Yes ❏ No -Explain if answer is not “yes”: -Have deficiencies in protection been identified that should be improved or corrected? ❏ Yes ❏ No -Summarize improvements of corrections needed: -Signature of Evaluator: Date: -License or Certification Number (if applicable): -FIGURE F .1 Continued -25–112 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Annex G Informational References -G.1 Referenced Publications. The documents or portions -thereof listed in this annex are referenced within the informa- -tional sections of this standard and are not part of the require- -ments of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2 for -other reasons. -G.1.1 NFP A Publications. National Fire Protection Associa- -tion, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. -NFPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2010 -edition. -NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in -Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, -2010 edition. -NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose -Systems, 2010 edition. -NFPA 15,Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protec- -tion, 2007 edition. -NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler -and Foam-Water Spray Systems, 2007 edition. -NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for -Fire Protection, 2010 edition. -NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, -2008 edition. -NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service -Mains and Their Appurtenances, 2010 edition. -NFPA 70E®, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace®, -2009 edition. -NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2010 edition. -NFPA 291, Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and -Marking of Hydrants, 2010 edition. -NFPA 750,Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, 2010 -edition. -NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection -Systems, 2011 edition. -NFPA 1962, Standard for the Inspection, Care, and Use of Fire -Hose, Couplings, and Nozzles and the Service Testing of Fire Hose, -2008 edition. -NFPA’s Future in Performance Based Codes and Standards, July -1995. -NFPA Performance Based Codes and Standards Primer, Decem- -ber 1999. -G.1.2 Other Publications. -G.1.2.1 ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Barr -Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428- -2959. -IEEE/ASTM-SI-10, American National Standard for Use of the -International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System, 2002. -G.1.2.2 AWWA Publications. American Water Works Associa- -tion, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235. -AWWA, Manual of Water Supply Practices — M42 Steel Water- -Storage Tanks, 1998. -G.1.2.3 Hydraulic Institute Publications. Hydraulic Institute, -9 Sylvan Way, Parsippany, NJ 07054. -Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary and Recip- -rocating Pumps, 14th edition, 1983. -G.1.2.4 Other Publications. -Edward K. Budnick, P.E., “Automatic Sprinkler System Re- -liability,” Fire Protection Engineering, Society of Fire Protection -Engineers, Winter 2001. -Fire Protection Equipment Surveillance Optimization and Mainte- -nance Guide, Electric Power Research Institute, July 2003. -William E. Koffel, P.E., Reliability of Automatic Sprinkler Sys- -tems, Alliance for Fire Safety. -G.2 Informational References. The following documents or -portions thereof are listed here as informational resources only. -They are not a part of the requirements of this document. -G.2.1 NFP A Publications. National Fire Protection Associa- -tion, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. -NFPA 1,Fire Code, 2009 edition. -G.2.2 Other Publications. -G.2.2.1 AWWA Publications. American Water Works Associa- -tion, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235. -AWWA D101, Inspecting and Repairing Steel Water Tanks, -Standpipes, Reservoirs, and Elevated Tanks, for Water Storage,1986. -G.2.2.2 SSPC Publications. Society of Protective Coatings, 40 -24th Street, 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222. -SSPC Chapter 3, “Special Pre-Paint Treatments,” 1993. -SSPC-PA 1,Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting,1991. -SSPC Paint 8, Aluminum Vinyl Paint,1991. -SSPC Paint 9, White (or Colored) Vinyl Paint,1995. -SSPC-SP 6, Commercial Blast Cleaning,1994. -SSPC-SP 8, Pickling, 1991. -SSPC-SP 10, Near-White Blast Cleaning,1994. -G.2.2.3 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government -Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. -Bureau of Reclamation Specification VR-3. -Federal Specification TT- P-86, Specifications for Vinyl Resin -Paint, M-54, 1995. -G.3 References for Extracts in Informational Sections. -NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose -Systems, 2010 edition. -NFPA 15,Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protec- -tion, 2007 edition. -NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for -Fire Protection, 2010 edition. -NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service -Mains and Their Appurtenances, 2010 edition. -NFPA 750,Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, 2010 -edition. -25–113ANNEX G -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Index -Copyright © 2010 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved. -The copyright in this index is separate and distinct from the copyright in the document that it indexes. The licensing provisions set forth for the -document are not applicable to this index. This index may not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means without the express written -permission of NFPA. --A- -Accessibility ............................... 4.1.2, 13.2.3, A.4.1.2, A.13.2.3 -Adjustments ............. see Repairs, reconditioning, replacements, or -adjustments -Alarm devices; .................................. see alsoWaterflow alarms -False alarms ................... see Supervisory service, notification to -Fire pumps ......................................................... 8.1.5 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................ T able 11.5.1, Table E.1 -Inspection ................................................ T able 5.1.1.2 -Private fire service mains .................................. T able 7.5.1 -Sprinkler systems ...... 5.2.5, 5.3.3, Table 5.5.1, A.5.3.3.2, A.5.3.3.5, -Table E.1 -Standpipe and hose systems ........................ 6.3.3, Table 6.5.1 -Valves ...... 13.2.6, 13.4.3.2.12, 13.4.3.2.13, 13.4.3.3.1, 13.4.4.1.1.1, -13.4.4.1.1.2, 13.4.4.1.2.4, 13.4.4.2.6, 13.4.4.2.7, -13.4.4.2.9(2), Table 13.8.1 -Water mist systems ............................................... 12.2.6 -Water spray systems ....................................... T able 10.5.1 -Water tanks .............................................. see Water tanks -Alarm receiving facility (definition) ....................... 3.3.1, A.3.3.1 -Alarm valves .............................. T able 13.1.1.2, 13.4.1, A.13.1, -A.13.4.1.1, A.13.4.1.2, Table E.1 -Antifreeze sprinkler systems ......... 4.1.8.1, 4.1.8.2(3), 5.3.4, A.5.3.4, -Table E.1 -Antifreeze solution ........ T able 5.1.1.2, 5.3.4, Table 5.5.1, A.5.3.4 -Control valve information sign ................. see Information signs -Definition ........................................................ 3.6.4.1 -Application of standard ........................................ 1.3, A.1.3 -Approved (definition) ...................................... 3.2.1, A.3.2.1 -Asian clams, obstruction by ................................. D.2.4, D.4.4 -Authority having jurisdiction (definition) ................ 3.2.2, A.3.2.2 -Automatic detection equipment .......... T able 10.1, 10.2.3, 10.3.4.1, -10.3.4.2, 10.4.2, Table 11.1.1.2, 11.2.2, 11.3.2.4, 12.2.6, -A.10.3.4.1 -Component action requirements ........ T able 5.5.1, Table 10.5.1, -Table 11.5.1 -Definition ................................................. 3.3.2, A.3.3.2 -Automatic operation -Definition ................................................. 3.3.3, A.3.3.3 -Standpipe system (definition) ................................ 3.3.31.1 --B- -Backflow prevention assemblies ........ T able 13.1.1.2, 13.2.5.1, 13.6, -Table 13.8.1, A.13.1, A.13.6.1.2, A.13.6.2.1, Table E.1;see -also Reduced-pressure principle backflow prevention -assemblies (RPBA) -Ball valves ............................................ T able 11.5.1, A.13.1 -Biological growth, obstruction caused by ................. D.2.4; see also -Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) -Bladder tank proportioners ......... T able 11.1.1.2, 11.2.9.5.2, 11.4.4, -Table 11.5.1, A.11.2.9.5.2.1, A.11.4.4.2, Table E.1 -Definition ........................ 3.3.27.1, A.3.3.27.1, Fig. A.3.3.27.1 -Buildings -Inspection of ................................. T able 5.1.1.2, Table E.1 -Temperature of .................................................. 4.1.1.1 --C- -Calcium carbonate, obstruction by ......................... D.2.5, D.4.5 -Changes -In hazard ................................................. 4.1.6, A.4.1.6 -In occupancy, use, process, or materials ............... 4.1.5, A.4.1.5 -Check valves ........... T able 9.1, Table 13.1.1.2, 13.4.2, Table 13.8.1, -14.3.1(3), A.13.1, Table E.1;see alsoDouble check valve -assembly (DCV A) -Cold weather .................. see Freezing conditions or cold weather -Combined standpipe and sprinkler systems (definition) ......... 3.6.1 -Commercial-type cooking equipment, -sprinklers and nozzles for .......................... 5.4.1.9 -Concealed spaces, sprinklers in ......... 5.2.1.1.6, 5.2.2.3, A.5.2.1.1.6, -A.5.2.2.3 -Confined spaces, entry to ........................................... 4.8.2 -Connections -Fire department .................... see Fire department connections -Flushing ........................................................... D.5.1 -Hose .............................................. see Hose connections -T est .......................................................... T able 5.5.1 -Controllers, pump .............................................. 8.1.9, C.3 -Control mode specific application (CMSA) -sprinklers (definition) ................ 3.3.30.1, A.3.3.30.1 -Control valves ............................. 4.1.8.1, 13.3, 13.8.3, A.13.3.1 -Component action requirements . . .5.5.3, 6.5.3, 7.5.3, 9.6.3, 10.5.3, -11.5.3, Table 13.8.1 -Definition ................................................. 3.5.1, A.3.5.1 -Impairments, signs indicating ................................ 10.1.6.2 -Information signs ................................ see Information signs -Inspection .................... T able 5.1.1.2, Table 6.1.1.2, Table 9.1, -Table 12.1.2, Table 13.1.1.2, 13.3.2, A.13.3.2.2 -Maintenance .................................. see Maintenance, valves -Obstruction investigations, closure during ....................... D.3 -Testing ................................................ see Testing, valves -Conventional pin rack .......................... see Hose storage devices -Corrective action ....................................... 4.1.4, 4.2, A.4.1.4 -Corrosion ............. T able E.1; see alsoMicrobiologically influenced -corrosion (MIC) -Corrosion-resistant sprinklers ............................... A.5.4.1.8 -Definition ................................................... 3.3.30.2 -Corrosive atmospheres or water supplies ...... 5.3.1.1.2, A.5.3.1.1.2 -Foam-water sprinkler systems .......................... T able 11.1.1.2 -Obstruction due to corrosion products ..... 14.3.1(11), D.1, D.2.1, -D.2.6, D.5.2 -Piping ................................... T able 7.2.2.1.2, Table 7.2.2.3 -Sprinkler systems ................... 5.2.1.1.1, 5.2.1.1.2(2), 5.2.1.1.4, -5.2.2.1, A.5.2.1.1.1, A.5.4.1.8 -Standpipe and hose systems ...................................... 6.1.3 -Water spray systems .. 10.2.3.2, 10.2.4.1(2), 10.2.4.2(2), 10.3.7.2.1, -A.10.2.4.2 -Water tanks ........................ 9.2.6.3, 9.2.6.4, 9.2.7(3), 9.2.7(5) --D- -Deficiency -Critical ................................................... E.1, Table E.1 -Definition ..................................................... 3.3.4.1 -Definition ................................................. 3.3.4, A.3.3.4 -Noncritical .............................................. E.1, Table E.1 -Definition ..................................................... 3.3.4.2 -Definitions ........................................................ Chap. 3 -Deluge sprinkler systems ......................... T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.4.2; -see alsoDeluge valves -Definition ........................................................ 3.6.4.2 -Foam-water sprinkler and foam-water spray systems -(definitions) . . .3.4; see alsoFoam-water sprinkler systems -25–114 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Deluge valves ...................... T able 13.1.1.2, 13.4.3, Table 13.8.1, -A.13.1, A.13.4.3.2.1 to A.13.4.3.3.3, Table E.1 -Definition ................................................. 3.5.2, A.3.5.2 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................... 1 1.2.1 -Water spray systems ...................... T able 10.1, 10.2.1.5, 10.2.2 -Detection equipment, automatic -........................ see Automatic detection equipment -Discharge devices -Definition .......................................................... 3.3.5 -Foam-water ........... T able 11.1.1.2, 11.2.5, Table 11.5.1, A.11.2.5, -Table E.1 -Discharge patterns -Deluge and preaction systems ............................ 13.4.3.2.2.5 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................. 1 1.3.2.6 -Water spray systems ............................... 10.3.4.3, A.10.3.4.3 -Discharge time -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................. 1 1.3.2.5 -Water spray systems ............................................ 10.3.4.2 -Double check detector assembly (DCDA) ...................... 13.6.1.1 -Double check valve assembly (DCVA) .................. 13.6.1.1, A.13.1 -Definition .......................................................... 3.3.6 -Drainage -Foam-water sprinkler systems ..... T able 11.1.1.2, 11.2.8, Table E.1 -Valves, open ...................................................... 13.2.4 -Water spray systems ............. 10.2.8, 10.3.7.1, 10.3.7.2, Table E.1 -Drains -Auxiliary .................................. 4.1.8.2(2), 4.5.3, 13.4.4.1.3 -Component action requirements .......... T able 5.5.1, Table 6.5.1, -Table 10.5.1, Table 11.5.1 -Low point ...................................... T able 5.1.1.2, 10.3.7.2 -Main ..................................................... see Main drains -Sectional ...................................................... 13.3.1.2.1 -Definition ..................................................... 3.3.7.2 -Tests ........................................................... 14.3.1(4) -Drip valves ........................................... T able 11.5.1, A.13.1 -Driver, pump ................................................ 8.1.8, A.8.1.8 -Dry barrel hydrants ...... T able 7.1, 7.2.2.4, 7.3.2.3, 7.3.2.6, Table E.1 -Definition ............................................. 3.3.9.1, A.3.3.9.1 -Dry pipe sprinkler systems ..... 4.1.8.1, 4.1.8.2(2), 14.3.1(14); see also -Dry pipe valves -Control valve information sign ................. see Information signs -Definition ........................................................ 3.6.4.3 -Gauges ....................... T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.4.2, 5.2.4.4, A.5.2.4.4 -Inspection ................................................ T able 5.1.1.2 -Maintenance ............................................. 5.4.2, A.5.4.2 -Obstructions ...... 14.2.1.5, D.2.1, D.3.2, D.3.3, D.4.1, D.5.2, D.5.4 -Dry pipe valves ........... 5.2.4.4, Table 13.1.1.2, 13.4.4, Table 13.8.1, -14.3.1(3), 14.3.1(9), A.5.2.4.4, A.13.1, A.13.4.4.1.2.3 to -A.13.4.4.3.2, Table E.1 -Dry sprinklers ...................... 5.3.1.1.1.6, 5.4.1.4.2.1, A.5.3.1.1.1.6 -Definition ...................................................... 3.3.30.3 --E- -Early suppression fast-response (EFSR) sprinkler -(definition) ......................................... 3.3.30.4 -Electrical safety ............................................. 4.8.6, A.4.8.6 -Emergency impairments .............................................. 15.6 -Definition ...................................................... 3.3.17.1 -Exposed piping, private fire service mains -Inspection ............................... T able 7.1, 7.2.2.1, Table E.1 -Testing ..................................... T able 7.1, 7.3.1, Table E.1 -Extended coverage sprinkler (definition) ...................... 3.3.30.5 --F- -Fall protection ........................................................ 4.8.3 -False alarms ...................... see Supervisory service, notification to -Fire department connections .............. T able 5.1.1.2, 5.1.2, 6.3.2.1, -Table 13.1.1.2, 13.7, 14.3.1(12), Table E.1 -Component action requirements ........ T able 5.5.1, Table 10.5.1, -Table 11.5.1, Table 13.8.1 -Definition .......................................................... 3.3.8 -Flushing outlets, used as ......................................... D.5.1 -Impairments, signs indicating ................................ 10.1.6.2 -Inspections .............................................. see Inspections -Maintenance .......................................... see Maintenance -Testing ........................................................ see Testing -Water-spray fixed systems ....................................... 10.1.5 -Fire hose, maintenance of .......................................... 7.1.4; -see alsoStandpipe and hose systems -Fire hydrants ................................................... T able 7.5.1 -Definition ............ 3.3.9, A.3.3.9, Fig. A.3.3.9(a), Fig. A.3.3.9.(b) -Dry barrel ...................................... see Dry barrel hydrants -Inspection .................................................... T able E.1 -Maintenance ............................... T able 7.1, 7.4.2, A.7.4.2.2 -Monitor nozzle (definition) ........ 3.3.9.2, A.3.3.9.2, Fig. A.3.3.9.2 -Testing ..................................... T able 7.1, 7.3.2, Table E.1 -W all .................................................... see Wall hydrants -Wet barrel ...................................... see Wet barrel hydrants -Fire pumps ................................ Chap. 8, 14.3.1(1), 14.3.1(3) -Auxiliary equipment .............................................. 8.1.5 -Component action requirements ......... T able 5.5.1, Table 10.5.1 -Controllers ..................................... 8.1.9, Table 8.6.1, C.3 -Definition .......................................................... 3.6.2 -Diesel engine systems .......... T able 8.1.1.2, Table 8.1.2, 8.2.2(4), -8.3.1.1, 8.3.2.4, 8.3.2.8(3), Table 8.6.1, Table E.1 -Driver .......................... 8.1.8, Table 8.6.1, Table 10.1, A.8.1.8 -Electrical system ....... T able 8.1.1.2, Table 8.1.2, 8.2.2(3), 8.3.1.2, -8.3.2.3, 8.3.2.8(2), Table 8.6.1, Table 10.1, Table E.1 -Emergency or standby power generators ..................... 8.3.4.1 -Energy source ............................................ 8.1.7, 8.3.4.1 -Engine speed .................................................... 8.3.5.2 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................... 1 1.1.2 -Impairments ............................................. 5.3.3.4, 8.1.10 -Inspections .............................................. see Inspections -Maintenance .......................................... see Maintenance -Obstruction investigation .......................................... D.3 -Problems, possible causes of ................................. Annex C -Relief valves .............................. see Relief valves (fire pump) -Reports ...................................................... 8.4, A.8.4.2 -Steam systems ......... 8.2.2(5), 8.3.2.8(4), Table 8.6.1, Table 10.1, -A.8.2.2(5) -Supervisory service, notification to ............................. 8.1.11 -Testing ................ 4.5.4, 8.1, Table 8.1.1.2, Table 8.1.2, 8.3, 8.4, -Table 10.1, Table 12.1.2, Table 13.1.2, A.4.5.4, A.8.1, -A.8.3, A.8.4.2, Table E.1 -Annual ..................... 8.3.3, A.8.3.3.1 to A.8.3.3.8, Table E.1 -Component replacement testing requirements ............... 8.6 -At each flow condition ............... 8.3.3.1, 8.3.3.2(2), A.8.3.3.1 -At no-flow condition (churn) ......... 8.3.2, 8.3.3.2(1), A.8.3.2.2 -Results and evaluation ................ 8.3.5, A.8.3.5.1 to A.8.3.5.4 -Weekly ..................................... T able A.8.2.2, Table E.1 -Types of .......................................................... A.8.1.5 -Water spray systems .............................................. 10.2.9 -Water supply to pump suction ................................... 8.1.6 -Fire watch .................................. 15.5.2(4)(b), A.15.5.2(4)(b) -Fittings ............................................................ see Piping -Fixed nozzle systems ............................. see Water spray systems -Flow tests -Obstruction investigation .................................. 14.3.1(14) -Private fire service mains ...................... T able 7.1, 7.3.1, 7.3.2 -Standpipe and hose systems .......... T able 6.1.1.2, 6.3.1, A.6.3.1.1 -Valves ............... 13.4.3.2.2.3, 13.4.3.2.2.4, 13.4.4.2.2.3, 13.5.1.2, -13.5.2.2, 13.5.2.3, 13.5.3.2, 13.5.3.3, 13.5.4.2, -13.5.4.3, A.13.4.4.2.2.3, A.13.5.1.2, A.13.5.2.2, -A.13.5.4.2, A.13.5.4.3 -Fire pump ................................................. 13.5.7.2.2 -Flushing procedures ........... T able 10.1, 14.2.1, 14.2.2.1, 14.3.1(7), -A.14.2.1.3, A.14.2.1.6, D.4.2, D.5 -Foam concentrates .............................................. T able E.1 -Definition .............................................. 3.3.10, A.3.3.10 -Samples .......................................................... 1 1.2.10 -Testing ............................................................ 1 1.3.5 -25–115INDEX -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Foam discharge devices .................................. 1 1.2.5, A.11.2.5 -Definition ......................................................... 3.3.11 -Foam-water spray system (definition) ....... 3.4.1; see alsoFoam-water -sprinkler systems -Foam-water sprinkler systems .................................. Chap. 11 -Component action requirements ................................ 1 1.5 -Definition .......................................................... 3.4.2 -Impairments ...................................................... 1 1.1.6 -Inspections .............................................. see Inspections -Maintenance ......................................... 1 1.1, 11.4, A.11.4 -Proportioners ........................................ see Proportioners -Return to service after testing .................................. 1 1.3.6 -Supervisory service, notification to ............................. 1 1.1.7 -Testing ................................... 1 1.1, 11.3, A.11.3, Table E.1 -Freezers, systems protecting .... 5.2.4.4, 13.4.3.2.5, 13.4.4.2.2.1, 14.4, -A.5.2.4.4 -Freezing conditions or cold weather ........ 4.1.1.1, Table E.1; See also -Antifreeze sprinkler systems -Ice obstruction prevention ........................................ 14.4 -Standpipe and hose systems .................................... 6.3.3.2 -Valves ................................ 13.4.3.1.1, 13.4.3.3.3, 13.4.4.1.1, -13.4.4.3.2, A.13.4.3.3.3, A.13.4.4.3.2 -Water spray systems .......................................... 10.3.7.2.1 -Water tanks ................... 9.2.4.2, 9.2.4.3, 9.2.5.2(3), 9.3.3, 9.4.3 -Frostproof hydrants .............................. see Dry barrel hydrants --G- -Gauges ................................. 13.4.3.1.3 to 13.4.3.1.5, A.4.1.4.2 -Component action requirements .......... T able 5.5.1, Table 6.5.1, -Table 7.5.1, Table 10.5.1, Table 11.5.1, Table 13.8.1 -Fire pumps ........................ 8.1.5, 8.2.2(5), 8.3.2.8, A.8.2.2(5) -Sprinkler systems ............... T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.4, 5.3.2, A.5.2.4.1, -A.5.2.4.4, A.5.3.2, Table E.1 -Standpipe and hose systems .......... T able 6.1.1.2, 6.2.2, 6.3.1.5.2, -6.3.4, A.6.3.4 -Valves ....................... 13.2.7, 13.4.1.1(1), 13.4.4.1.2, Table E.1 -Water tanks .................. T able 9.1, 9.3.6, Table 9.6.1, Table E.1 --H- -Hangers ........................................................... A.4.1.4.2 -Component action requirements ....................... T able 10.5.1 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................. T able 11.1.1.2, 11.2.4, -Table 11.5.1, Table E.1 -Sprinkler systems ............ T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.3, A.5.2.3, Table E.1 -Standpipe and hose systems ............................... T able 6.5.1 -Water mist systems ............................................... 12.2.5 -Water spray systems ................... 10.2.4.2, A.10.2.4.2, Table E.1 -Hazard evaluations ............................. 4.1.6.1, 4.1.6.2, Annex F -Hazardous materials ........................................ 4.8.5, A.4.8.5 -Hazards ............................................... 4.1.6, 4.8.4, A.4.1.6 -Heat tape ................................................. 4.1.8.2(4), 5.2.7 -Horizontal rack .................................. see Hose storage devices -Hose ......................... see Fire hose; Standpipe and hose systems -Hose connections .................................................... 5.1.6 -Definition ......................................................... 3.3.12 -Pressure-reducing valves ......... T able 13.1.1.2, 13.5.2, A.13.5.2.2, -Table E.1 -Standpipe and hose systems .............. T able 6.1.1.2, Table 6.1.2 -Hose houses .... T able 6.5.1, Table 7.1, 7.2.2.7, Table 7.5.1, Table E.1 -Definition .................. 3.3.13, A.3.3.13, Figs. A.3.3.13(a) to (c) -Hose nozzles ...................... T able 6.1.1.2, Table 6.1.2, Table E.1 -Definition ......................................................... 3.3.14 -Hose reel ......................................... see Hose storage devices -Hose station (definition) ........................................... 3.3.15 -Hose storage devices ........... T able 6.1.1.2, Table 6.1.2, Table 6.5.1, -Table E.1 -Conventional pin rack (definition) ............. 3.3.16.1, A.3.3.16.1, -Fig. A.3.3.16.1 -Horizontal rack (definition) ... 3.3.16.2, A.3.3.16.2, Fig. A.3.3.16.2 -Hose reel (definition) .......... 3.3.16.3, A.3.3.16.3, Fig. A.3.3.16.3 -Semiautomatic hose rack assembly -(definition) .......... 3.3.16.4, A.3.3.16.4, Fig. A.3.3.16.4 -Hose valves ....................... 13.3.1.5, 13.5.6, 13.5.8, Table 13.8.1, -A.13.5.6.2.1, A.13.5.6.2.2 -Definition .......................................................... 3.5.3 -Hydrants, fire ............................................ see Fire hydrants -Hydraulic design information signs .............. see Information signs -Hydraulic nameplate ....................................... T able 5.1.1.2 -Hydraulic placards ............... T able 5.5.1, Table 6.5.1, Table 11.5.1 -Hydrostatic tests .................. T able 6.1.1.2, 6.3.2, 12.1.6, A.6.3.2.2 --I- -Ice obstruction prevention .............. 14.4; see alsoFreezers, systems -protecting; Freezing conditions or cold weather -Impairment coordinator ..................................... 15.5, A.15.5 -Impairments ................. 4.1.9, Chap. 15; see alsoSystem shutdown -Coordinator ........................................................ 15.2 -Definition .............................................. 3.3.17, A.3.3.17 -Emergency .......................................................... 15.6 -Definition ................................................... 3.3.17.1 -Equipment involved ............................................... 15.4 -Fire pumps .............................................. 5.3.3.4, 8.1.10 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................... 1 1.1.6 -Preplanned programs ..................................... 15.5, A.15.5 -Definition ................................................... 3.3.17.2 -Private fire service mains ......................................... 7.1.5 -Restoring systems to service ....................................... 15.7 -Sprinkler systems ......................................... 5.1.4, 5.3.3.4 -Standpipe and hose systems ...................................... 6.1.6 -Tag system ...... 4.1.9.1, 15.3, 15.5.2(8), 15.7(5), A.15.3.1, A.15.3.2 -Water spray systems ................................... 10.1.6, A.10.1.6 -Water tanks ........................................................ 9.1.4 -Information signs ................. 4.1.8, 5.2.8, Table 5.5.1, Table 6.5.1, -Table 7.5.1, 10.1.6.2, Table 10.5.1, Table 11.5.1, 13.3.1, -13.4.4.1.3, 13.4.4.2.5, Table 13.8.1, A.13.3.1 -Hydraulic design ........ 5.2.6, 5.2.8, 6.2.3, A.5.2.6, A.5.2.8, A.6.2.3, -Table E.1; see alsoHydraulic placards -Tag impairment system .......... 15.3, 15.5.2(8), 15.7(5), A.15.3.1, -A.15.3.2 -In-line balanced pressure proportioners ................ T able 11.1.1.2, -11.2.9.5.5, 11.4.7, A.11.2.9.5.5(1), Table E.1 -Definition ........................ 3.3.27.2, A.3.3.27.2, Fig. A.3.3.27.2 -Inspection, testing, and maintenance service (definition) ...... 3.3.19 -Inspections ................. 4.4, A.4.4, Table E.1;see alsoImpairments; -Supervisory service, notification to -Backflow prevention assemblies ................... 13.6.1, A.13.6.1.2 -Definition ......................................................... 3.3.18 -Fire department connections ............... 6.1.4, 7.1.2, 8.1.3, 9.1.2, -10.1.5, 13.7 -Fire hydrants ................................................. T able E.1 -Fire pumps ................ 8.1, Table 8.1.1.2, Table 8.1.2, 8.2, 8.4.1, -Table 10.1, 10.2.6.1, Table 12.1.2, Table 13.1.2, -A.8.1, A.8.2.2, Table E.1 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ............. 1 1.1, Table 11.1.1.2, 11.2, -A.11.2.5, A.11.2.9.4, Table E.1 -Forms for ...................................................... Annex B -Obstructions .............................. 14.2, A.14.2.1.3, A.14.2.1.6 -Owner/occupant responsibilities ............. 4.1.1 to 4.1.4, 4.8.5.2 -Performance-based programs ............................... 4.6, A.4.6 -Private fire service mains ....... 7.1, 7.2, 10.2.6.1, A.7.2.2, Table E.1 -Records ...................................................... see Records -Return to service, ............................................... 4.1.9.2 -Sprinklers .................. T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.1, A.5.2.1.1, Table E.1 -Sprinkler systems ............................ 5.1, 5.2, A.5.2, Table E.1 -Standpipe and hose systems ......... 6.1, Table 6.1.1.2, 6.2, A.6.2.3, -Table E.1 -Steam system conditions ......................... 8.2.2(5), A.8.2.2(5) -25–116 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Valves ......................... T able 5.1.1.2, 5.1.2, 6.1.4, 7.1.2, 8.1.3, -9.1.2, 10.1.5, Table 12.1.2, 13.1, -A.13.1, Table E.1 -Alarm ................................. 13.4.1, A.13.4.1.1, A.13.4.1.2 -Automatic tank fill valves ...................................... 9.5.1 -Check ........................................................ 13.4.2.1 -Deluge ....................................................... 13.4.3.1 -Dry pipe/quick opening devices ......... 13.4.4.1, A.13.4.4.1.2.3 -Hose ......................................................... 13.5.6.1 -Preaction .................................................... 13.4.3.1 -Pressure-reducing ............... 13.5.1, 13.5.2, 13.5.3.1, 13.5.4.1, -13.5.5.1, A.13.5.1.2, A.13.5.2.2, A.13.5.4.1 -Pressure relief ................................................. 13.5.7 -Water mist systems ....................................... 12.1, A.12.1.4 -Water spray systems ............................ see Water spray systems -Water tanks ...................... 9.1, 9.2, 9.5.1, Table 10.1, 10.2.6.1, -A.9.1, A.9.2.1.1 to A.9.2.6.5, Table E.1 -Inspector’s test connections ................................... 14.3.1(3) --L- -Line proportioners ................... T able 11.1.1.2, 11.2.9.5.3, 11.4.5, -A.11.2.9.5.3(1), Table E.1 -Definition ........................ 3.3.27.3, A.3.3.27.3, Fig. A.3.3.27.3 -Listed (definition) .......................................... 3.2.3, A.3.2.3 --M- -Main drains ................................................... T able 13.8.1 -Component action requirements .......... T able 5.5.1, Table 6.5.1, -Table 10.5.1 -Definition ........................................................ 3.3.7.1 -T est ......... T able 5.1.1.2, 5.5.3, Table 6.1.1.2, 6.3.1.5, 6.5.3, 7.5.3, -9.6.3, 10.3.7.1, 10.5.3, Table 11.5.1, 11.5.3, Table -13.1.1.2, 13.2.5, 13.3.1.2.1, -13.3.3.4, 13.8.3, A.13.2.5, Table E.1 -Mainline strainers ............................................... T able E.1 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................. 1 1.2.7.1 -Private fire service mains .......................... T able 7.1, 7.2.2.3, -Table 7.5.1, A.7.2.2.3 -Water spray systems ....................... 10.2.1.7, 10.2.7.1, A.10.2.7 -Mains -Broken ........................................................ 14.3.1(8) -Flushing ....................................................... 14.3.1(7) -Private fire service ....................... see Private fire service mains -Y ard ........................................ 14.3.1, A.14.3.1, D.3, D.5.1 -Maintenance ....... 4.5.4, 4.7, 6.4, A.4.5.4, A.4.7; see alsoImpairments -Backflow prevention assemblies ................................ 13.6.3 -Definition ......................................................... 3.3.20 -Fire department connections ....... 6.1.4, 7.1.2, 8.1.3, 9.1.2, 10.1.5 -Fire hydrants ............................... T able 7.1, 7.4.2, A.7.4.2.2 -Fire pumps .............. 8.1, 8.5, Table 10.1, 10.2.6.1, Table 12.1.2, -12.2.3, 12.2.5, Table 13.1.2, A.8.1, A.8.5.1 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ...................... 1 1.1, 11.4, A.11.4 -Forms for ...................................................... Annex B -Owner/occupant responsibilities .... 4.1.1 to 4.1.4, 4.8.5.2, A.4.1.1 -to A.4.1.4 -Performance-based programs ............................... 4.6, A.4.6 -Private fire service mains ................. 7.1, 7.4, 10.2.6.1, A.7.4.2.2 -Records ...................................................... see Records -Sprinklers ............................................... 5.4.1, A.5.4.1.1 -Sprinkler systems ........................ 5.1, 5.4, A.5.4.1.1 to A.5.4.4 -Standpipe and hose systems ................... 6.1, Table 6.1.1.2, 6.4 -Valves ................ T able 5.1.1.2, 5.1.2, Table 6.1.1.2, 6.1.4, 7.1.2, -8.1.3, 9.1.2, 10.1.5, Table 12.1.2, 12.2.3, -12.2.5, 13.1, A.13.1 -Alarm ........................................................ 13.4.1.3 -Automatic tank fill valves ...................................... 9.5.2 -Check ........................................................ 13.4.2.2 -Control ..... T able 6.1.1.2, Table 9.1, Table 12.1.2, 12.2.3, 13.3.4 -Deluge ........................................ 13.4.3.3, A.13.4.3.3.3 -Dry pipe/quick- opening devices ........... 13.4.4.3, A.13.4.4.3.2 -Hose ................................................. 13.5.6.3, 13.5.8 -Preaction ..................................... 13.4.3.3, A.13.4.3.3.3 -Water mist systems ...................... T able 12.1.2, 12.2, A.12.2.10 -Water spray systems ......... see Water spray systems, inspection and -maintenance procedures -Water tanks ........................ 9.1, Table 9.1, 9.4, 9.5.2, 10.2.6.1, -Table 12.1.2, Table 12.2.4, A.9.1 -Manual operation -Definition ......................................................... 3.3.21 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................. T able 11.1.1.2, 11.3.4, -Table 11.5.1 -Preaction and deluge valves ................................ 13.4.3.2.9 -Standpipe and hose systems ............ 6.3.2.1, 6.3.2.1.1, Table E.1 -Definition ................................................... 3.3.31.3 -Water spray systems .............................................. 10.3.6 -Marine sprinkler systems ................................... 5.4.4, A.5.4.4 -Master pressure reducing valve .......... 13.5.4, A.13.5.4.1, A.13.5.4.2 -Definition ............................................. 3.5.5.1, A.3.5.5.1 -Materials, changes in ....................................... 4.1.5, A.4.1.5 -Measurement, units of .......................................... 1.4, A.1.4 -Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) ...... D.1, D.2.1, D.2.6, -D.2.7, Table E.1 -Monitor nozzle hydrant (definition) ................. 3.3.9.2, A.3.3.9.2, -Fig. A.3.3.9.2 -Monitor nozzles -Component action requirements ......................... T able 7.5.1 -Definition .................... 3.3.22.1, A.3.3.22.1, Fig. A.3.3.22.1(a), -Fig. A.3.22.1(b) -Inspection ............................... T able 7.1, 7.2.2.6, Table E.1 -Maintenance ........................................... T able 7.1, 7.4.3 -Testing ................................................. T able 7.1, 7.3.3 -Multiple systems, testing ...................... 10.3.5, 11.3.3, 13.4.3.2.8 --N- -Notification, out of service ............. 15.5.2(5) to 15.5.2(7); see also -Supervisory service, notification to -Sprinkler system ................................................... 4.1.3 -Valves .............................................................. 13.2.2 -Water spray systems ............................................ 10.1.6.1 -Nozzles -Hose .................................................... see Hose nozzles -Monitor ............................................ see Monitor nozzles -Sprinkler (definition) ......................................... 3.3.30.6 -Water mist ...................................... 12.2.5, 12.2.6, 12.2.10 -Water spray ..................................... see Water spray nozzles --O- -Obstruction investigations ....................... 6.1.5, 7.1.3, Table E.1 -Fire pumps ......................................................... 8.1.4 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................... 1 1.1.5 -Water-spray fixed systems ....................................... 10.1.4 -Water tanks ........................................................ 9.1.3 -Obstructions -Ice ................................................................... 14.4 -Inspection ................................. 14.2, A.14.2.1.3, A.14.2.1.6 -Investigation ................... T able 5.1.1.2, 14.3, A.14.3, Annex D -Procedure ........................................................ D.3 -Sources of obstruction .......................................... D.2 -Prevention ..................... 10.2.6.2, 14.3, A.10.2.6.2, A.14.3, D.4 -Valve testing ................................................ 13.4.3.2.2.5 -Occupancy, changes in ..................................... 4.1.5, A.4.1.5 -Old-style/conventional sprinklers ................ 5.4.1.1.1, A.5.4.1.1.1 -Definition ...................................................... 3.3.30.7 -Open sprinkler (definition) ..................................... 3.3.30.8 -Operation -Automatic (definition) .................................. 3.3.3, A.3.3.3 -Manual ........................................... see Manual operation -Orifice plate proportioning ..... 1 1.2.9.5.6, A.11.2.9.5.6(1), Table E.1 -Definition ......................................................... 3.3.23 -Ornamental/decorative sprinkler (definition) ................ 3.3.30.9 -Owner/occupant responsibilities ............. 4.1, 4.8.5.2, 13.2.1, 15.2, -15.5.2(3), A.4.3.1 -25–117INDEX -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- --P- -Painted sprinklers ........ 5.2.1.1.1, 5.2.1.1.2(6), 5.2.1.1.4, A.5.2.1.1.1, -Table E.1 -Pendent sprinklers ........................................... D.2.5, D.5.2 -Definition ..................................................... 3.3.30.10 -Performance-based programs .................................. 4.6, A.4.6 -Piers, sprinklers for .............................................. 5.4.1.1.2 -Piping -Flushing .................... T able 10.1, 14.2.1, 14.3.1(7), A.14.2.1.3, -A.14.2.1.6, D.4.2, D.5 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................. T able 11.1.1.2, 11.2.3, -Table 11.5.1,Table E.1 -Obstructions ........................................... see Obstructions -Private fire service mains ...................... T able 7.5.1, Table E.1 -Exposed ............ see Exposed piping, private fire service mains -Underground .................. T able 7.1, 7.2.2.2, 7.3.1, A.7.2.2.2 -Sprinkler systems .......... T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.2, Table 5.5.1, A.5.2.2, -D.3 to D.5, Table E.1 -Standpipe and hose systems .............. T able 6.1.1.2, Table 6.1.2, -Table 6.5.1, Table E.1 -Water spray systems ........................ T able 10.1, 10.2.4, 10.2.6, -Table 10.5.1, A.10.2.4, A.10.2.6.2, -Table E.1 -Preaction sprinkler systems .......................... 4.1.8.1, 4.1.8.2(2) -Control valve information sign ................. see Information signs -Definition ........................................................ 3.6.4.4 -Gauges ....................... T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.4.2, 5.2.4.4, A.5.2.4.4 -Inspection ................................................ T able 5.1.1.2 -Obstructions ............................................ 14.2.1.5, D.4.1 -Preaction valves .......................... 5.2.4.4, Table 13.1.1.2, 13.4.3, -Table 13.8.1, A.5.2.4.4, A.13.4.3.2.1 to -A.13.4.3.3.3, Table E.1 -Preplanned impairments .................................... 15.5, A.15.5 -Definition ...................................................... 3.3.17.2 -Pressure control valves -Definition .......................................................... 3.5.4 -Standpipe and hose systems ............................ T able 6.1.1.2 -Pressure readings -Deluge and preaction systems .............................. 13.4.3.2.7 -Foam-water sprinkler systems .................... 1 1.3.2.7, A.11.3.2.7 -Water spray systems ............................................ 10.3.4.4 -Pressure-reducing valves ....... T able 6.1.1.2, Table 13.1.1.2, 13.2.5.1, -13.5, 13.5.5, A.13.4.1.2 to A.13.5.6.2.2; -see alsoRelief valves (fire pump) -Definition .......................................................... 3.5.5 -Fire pumps .............................................. T able 13.1.1.2 -Hose connection ...... T able 13.1.1.2, 13.5.2, A.13.5.2.2, Table E.1 -Hose rack assembly ................ T able 13.1.1.2, 13.5.3, Table E.1 -Master pressure reducing valve ....... 13.5.4, A.13.5.4.1, A.13.5.4.2 -Definition .......................................... 3.5.5.1, A.3.5.5.1 -Sprinkler ............... T able 13.1.1.2, 13.5.1, A.13.5.1.2, Table E.1 -Standpipe and hose systems .................................... 6.3.1.4 -Pressure-regulating devices ....... T able 6.1.1.2, 6.3.1.4, Table 13.8.1; -see alsoPressure control valves; Pressure-reducing valves; -Relief valves (fire pump) -Definition .............................................. 3.3.24, A.3.3.24 -Pressure relief valves ..................................... see Relief valves -Pressure-restricting devices (definition) .......................... 3.3.25 -Pressure vacuum vents ................... T able 11.1.1.2, 11.2.9.5.3(2), -11.2.9.5.4(2), 11.2.9.5.5(2), 11.2.9.5.6(2), -11.4.8, A.11.2.9.5.3(2) -Definition .............................. 3.3.26, A.3.3.26, Fig. A.3.3.26 -Private fire service mains ........................................ Chap. 7 -Component action requirements ...................... 7.5, A.7.5.3.1 -Definition ................................................. 3.6.3, A.3.6.3 -Impairments ....................................................... 7.1.5 -Inspections .............................................. see Inspections -Maintenance .......................................... see Maintenance -Supervisory service, notification to .............................. 7.1.6 -Testing .............................................. 7.1, 7.3, Table E.1 -Process, changes in ......................................... 4.1.5, A.4.1.5 -Proportioners ........... T able 11.1.1.2, 11.2.9, Table 11.5.1, A.11.2.9, -Table E.1 -Definitions .............. 3.3.27.1 to 3.3.27.5, A.3.3.27, Figs. A.3.3.27 -to A.3.3.27.5 -Pumps ....................................................... see Fire pumps -Purpose of standard ............................................ 1.2, A.1.2 --Q- -Qualified (definition) .............................................. 3.3.28 -Quick- opening devices ........... T able 13.1.1.2, 13.4.4, Table 13.8.1, -A.13.4.4.1.2.3 to A.13.4.4.3.2, Table E.1 -Quick-response early suppression (QRES) sprinklers -(definition) ........................................ 3.3.30.11 -Quick-response extended coverage sprinklers -(definition) ....................................... 3.3.30.12 -Quick-response (QR) sprinklers ...................... 5.4.1.3, A.5.4.1.3 -Definition ..................................................... 3.3.30.13 --R- -Recessed sprinklers (definition) ............................... 3.3.30.14 -Records ............................................... 4.3, A.4.3.1, A.4.3.3 -Owner/occupant responsibilities ............. 4.3.3, A.4.3.1, A.4.3.3 -Valves .............................................................. 13.2.8 -Reduced-pressure detector assemblies (RPDA) ............... 13.6.1.2, -A.13.1, A.13.6.1.2 -Reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assemblies -(RPBA) ........................ 13.6.1.2, A.13.1, A.13.6.1.2 -Reduced-pressure principle backflow prevention assemblies (RPBA) -Definition ......................................................... 3.3.29 -References ............................................. Chap. 2, Annex G -Refrigerated spaces ................. 5.4.2.2; see alsoFreezers; Freezing -Relief valves (fire pump) -Circulation relief ................ 8.3.3.2(1), Table 13.1.1.2, 13.5.7.1 -Pressure relief .................... 8.3.3.2(1), 8.3.3.3, Table 13.1.1.2, -13.5.7.2, Table 13.8.1, A.8.3.3.3 -Repairs, reconditioning, replacements, or adjustments ......... 4.1.4, -4.1.6.2, 4.1.6.3, A.4.1.4; See alsoMaintenance -Classifications ................................................. Annex E -Fire department connections ...................... 13.7.3, Table E.1 -Fire pumps ............................................. 8.6.1, Table E.1 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ....................... 1 1.5.1, Table E.1 -Private fire service mains ............................. 7.5.1, Table E.1 -Sprinklers ...... 5.3.1.1.1, 5.4.1.1, A.5.3.1.1.1.3, A.5.4.1.1, Table E.1 -Sprinkler systems ...................................... 5.5.1, Table E.1 -Standpipe and hose systems ......................... 6.5.1, Table E.1 -Valves ................................................. 13.8.1, Table E.1 -Water spray systems .................................. 10.5.1, Table E.1 -Water storage tanks ................................... 9.6.1, Table E.1 -Residential sprinkler (definition) .............................. 3.3.30.15 -Response time -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................. 1 1.3.2.4 -Water spray systems ....................... 10.3.4.1, 10.4.5, A.10.3.4.1 --S- -Safety .................................................... 4.8, 4.8.6, A.4.8.6 -Scope of standard ............................................... 1.1, A.1.1 -Sectional drains ................................................. 13.3.1.2.1 -Sectional drains (definition) ...................................... 3.3.7.2 -Seismic braces .......... T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.3, Table 6.5.1, Table 10.5.1, -Table 11.5.1, A.5.2.3, Table E.1 -Semiautomatic hose rack assembly ............ see Hose storage devices -Shall (definition) ..................................................... 3.2.4 -Should (definition) .................................................. 3.2.5 -Shutdown, system ................... see Impairments; System shutdown -Shutoff valves ........................................................ 4.1.7 -Signs, information .................................. see Information signs -Special sprinklers ....................................... 5.4.1.3, A.5.4.1.3 -Definition ..................................................... 3.3.30.16 -Spray coating areas, sprinklers protecting .......... 5.4.1.7, A.5.4.1.7.1 -25–118 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Spray sprinklers ..................................... 5.4.1.1.1, A.5.4.1.1.1 -Definition ..................................................... 3.3.30.17 -Standard spray sprinkler (definition) ...................... 3.3.30.18 -Sprinklers; .................. see alsoDry sprinklers; Pendent sprinklers; -Quick-response (QR) sprinklers -Component action requirements ......................... T able 5.5.1 -Concealed spaces, in ............................ 5.2.1.1.6, A.5.2.1.1.6 -Control mode specific application (CMSA) -(definition) ............................ 3.3.30.1, A.3.3.30.1 -Corrosion-resistant ........................................... A.5.4.1.8 -Definition ................................................... 3.3.30.2 -Definitions ....................................... 3.3.30.1 to 3.3.30.19 -Hazard evaluation form ...................................... Annex F -Inspections .............................................. see Inspections -Maintenance ........................................... 5.4.1, A.5.4.1.1 -Nozzles (definition) ........................................... 3.3.30.6 -Old-style/conventional .......................... 5.4.1.1.1, A.5.4.1.1.1 -Definition ................................................... 3.3.30.7 -Spare ................ T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.1.4, 5.4.1.4, 5.4.1.5, A.5.4.1.4 -Spray .............................................. 5.4.1.1.1, A.5.4.1.1.1 -Definition .................................................. 3.3.30.17 -Testing ........................................................ see Testing -Sprinkler systems ...... Chap. 5; see alsoFoam-water sprinkler systems -Combined standpipe and sprinkler (definition) ............... 3.6.1 -Component action requirements .................................. 5.5 -Definition ................................................. 3.6.4, A.3.6.4 -Flushing ....................................... see Flushing procedures -Impairments ....................................................... 5.1.4 -Inspection ............................................... see Inspections -Installation ......................................... 5.4.3, 5.5.2, A.5.4.3 -Maintenance ............................. 5.1, 5.4, A.5.4.1.1 to A.5.4.4 -Marine systems ........................................... 5.4.4, A.5.4.4 -Obstructions ...................................................... 14.3.1 -Piping .......................................................... see Piping -Supervisory service, notification to .............................. 5.1.5 -Testing ........................................................ see Testing -Standard balanced pressure proportioners ............. T able 11.1.1.2, -11.2.9.5.4, 11.4.6, A.11.2.9.5.4(1), Table E.1 -Definition ........................ 3.3.27.4, A.3.3.27.4, Fig. A.3.3.27.4 -Standard (definition) ................................................ 3.2.6 -Standard pressure proportioners ..................... 1 1.2.9.5.1, 11.4.3, -A.11.2.9.5.1.1, A.11.4.3.2, Table E.1 -Definition ........................ 3.3.27.5, A.3.3.27.5, Fig. A.3.3.27.5 -Standard spray sprinkler (definition) ......................... 3.3.30.18 -Standpipe and hose systems ..................................... Chap. 6 -Alarm devices ...................................................... 6.3.3 -Automatic standpipe systems (definition) ................... 3.3.31.1 -Combined sprinkler and standpipe system (definition) ...... 3.6.1 -Component action requirements .................................. 6.5 -Components ......................................... T able 6.1.2, 6.2.1 -Definition .............................................. 3.3.31, A.3.3.31 -Dry standpipe system ............................... 6.3.2.1, Table E.1 -Definition ................................................... 3.3.31.2 -Inspections ............................................. see Inspections -Maintenance .................................... 6.1, Table 6.1.1.2, 6.4 -Manual standpipe system ............... 6.3.2.1, 6.3.2.1.1, Table E.1 -Definition ................................................... 3.3.31.3 -Testing ........................................................ see Testing -Types of standpipe systems -Class III system (definition) ............................... 3.3.32.3 -Class II system (definition) ................................ 3.3.32.2 -Class I system (definition) ................................. 3.3.32.1 -Wet standpipe system ............................. 6.3.2.1.1, Table E.1 -Definition ................................................... 3.3.31.4 -Storage tanks ............................................... see Water tanks -Strainers .................................. 13.4.1.2, 13.4.3.1.8, A.13.4.1.2 -Definition .............................................. 3.3.33, A.3.3.32 -Dry or preaction valves ...................................... 13.4.4.1.6 -Foam concentrate ................................. 1 1.2.7.2, Table E.1 -Foam-water sprinkler systems .................. 1 1.2.7, 11.2.9.5.3(1), -11.2.9.5.4(1), 11.2.9.5.5(1), 11.2.9.5.6(1) -Mainline ......................................... see Mainline strainers -Nozzle ........................................................... 10.2.1.6 -Valves ............................. T able 13.1.1.2, Table 13.8.1, A.13.1 -Water mist systems ...................... 12.2.3, Table 12.2.4, 12.2.11 -Water spray systems .......... T able 10.1, 10.2.7, A.10.2.7, Table E.1 -Water tank automatic tank fill valves .......................... 9.5.2.3 -Suction screens ........................ 8.2.2(2), 8.3.3.7, A.8.3.3.7, C.1.2 -Obstructions ................................................. D.3, D.4.3 -Supervision (definition) ............................................ 3.3.34 -Supervisory service, notification to -Fire pumps ....................................................... 8.1.11 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................... 1 1.1.7 -Private fire service mains ......................................... 7.1.6 -Sprinkler systems .................................................. 5.1.5 -Standpipe and hose system ....................................... 6.1.8 -Water tanks ............................................... 9.1.5, A.9.1.5 -Supervisory signal devices ... Table 5.1.1.2, 5.2.5, Table 6.1.1.2, 6.3.3, -Table 13.8.1, Table E.1 -Supports ..................... 10.2.4.2, Table 11.1.1.2, 11.2.4, A.4.1.4.2, -A.10.2.4.2; see alsoHangers -System shutdown .................................... see alsoImpairments -Notification of system shutdown ...... 4.1.3, 15.5.2(5) to 15.5.2(7) -Owner/occupant responsibilities ................................ 4.1.3 -Pipe and fittings inspection .................................... 5.2.2.4 -Restoring systems to service ...................... 4.1.3.2, 14.3.1(10) -Shutoff valves, location of ........................................ 4.1.7 -Sprinkler inspection .......................................... 5.2.1.1.7 -System valves ............................ 13.4, A.13.4.1.1 to A.13.4.4.3.2 --T- -Tanks, water ................................................ see Water tanks -Temporary fire protection ................ 15.5.2(4)(c), A.15.5.2(4)(c) -Testing ............ 4.5, A.4.5.4 to A.4.5.6, Table E.1;see alsoFlow tests; -Hydrostatic tests; Impairments; Supervisory service, -notification to -Acceptance ............................................... 5.4.3, A.5.4.3 -Backflow prevention assemblies ................... 13.6.2, A.13.6.2.1 -Definition .............................................. 3.3.35, A.3.3.35 -Fire department connections ....... 6.1.4, 7.1.2, 8.1.3, 9.1.2, 10.1.5 -Fire hydrants .............................. T able 7.1, 7.3.2, Table E.1 -Fire pumps .............................................. see Fire pumps -Foam-water sprinkler systems .......... T able 11.1.1.2, 11.3, A.11.3, -Table E.1 -Forms for ...................................................... Annex B -Main drain test ......................................... see Main drains -Owner/occupant responsibilities ............. 4.1.1 to 4.1.4, 4.8.5.2, -A.4.1.1 to A.4.1.4 -Performance-based programs ............................... 4.6, A.4.6 -Private fire service mains ................... T able 7.1, 7.3, Table E.1 -Records ...................................................... see Records -Return to service, ............................................... 4.1.9.2 -Sprinklers .................... T able 5.1.1.2, 5.3.1, A.5.3.1, Table E.1 -Sprinkler systems ......... 5.1, 5.3, 5.4.3, A.5.3.1 to A.5.3.4, A.5.4.3, -Table E.1 -Standpipe and hose systems ....... 6.1, Table 6.1.1.2, 6.3, A.6.3.1.1 -to A.6.3.4, Table E.1 -Valves ........................ 13.1, 13.2.5, A.13.1, A.13.2.5, Table E.1 -Automatic tank fill valves ...................................... 9.5.3 -Control ..................... T able 12.1.2, 13.2.5, 13.3.3, A.13.2.5, -A.13.3.3.2, A.13.3.3.5, Table E.1 -Deluge ...................... 13.4.3.2, A.13.4.3.2.1 to A.13.4.3.2.11 -Dry pipe/quick- opening devices ........ 13.4.4.2, A.13.4.4.2.1 to -A.13.4.4.2.4 -Hose ............................ 13.5.6.2, A.13.5.6.2.1, A.13.5.6.2.2 -Preaction ................... 13.4.3.2, A.13.4.3.2.1 to A.13.4.3.2.11 -Pressure-reducing ....................... 13.5.1, 13.5.2.2, 13.5.2.3, -13.5.3.2, 13.5.3.3, 13.5.5.2, A.13.5.1.2, A.13.5.2.2 -Pressure relief ............................................. 13.5.7.2.2 -Water mist systems ..................................... T able 12.1.2 -Water spray systems ........................................... 10.4.4 -25–119INDEX -2011 Edition -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Water mist systems ....................................... 12.1, A.12.1.4 -Water spray systems ..... 10.1, 10.2.1.3, 10.3, 10.4, A.10.1, A.10.3.3, -Table E.1 -Water tanks ..................... 9.1, Table 9.1, 9.3, 9.5.3, Table 10.1, -A.9.1, A.9.3.1 to A.9.3.5, Table E.1 --U- -Ultra-high-speed water spray systems ................... 10.4, Table E.1 -Underground piping, private fire service mains -Inspection ............................................ 7.2.2.2, A.7.2.2.2 -Testing ................................................. 7.3.1, Table E.1 -Units of measurement .......................................... 1.4, A.1.4 -Upright sprinklers (definition) ................................ 3.3.30.19 -Use, changes in .............................................. 4.1.5, A.4.1.5 --V- -Valves .................... Chap. 13; see alsoAlarm valves; Check valves; -Control valves; Deluge valves; Dry pipe valves; Hose -valves; Pressure control valves; Pressure-reducing valves; -Relief valves (fire pump) -Automatic tank fill valves ............................. 9.5, Table 9.6.1 -Ball ................................................ T able 11.5.1, A.13.1 -Check ............................................................. 13.4.2 -Component action requirements .......... T able 6.5.1, Table 7.5.1, -Table 9.6.1, Table 10.5.1, Table 11.5.1, 13.8, A.13.8.4 -Drip ................................................ T able 11.5.1, A.13.1 -Flushing, used for ................................................ D.5.3 -Gauges ............................................................ 13.2.7 -Inspections .............................................. see Inspections -Inspector’s test valve........................................... 14.2.1.5 -Location ............................................................ 4.1.7 -Maintenance .......................................... see Maintenance -Owner/occupant responsibilities .............................. 13.2.1 -Preaction ......................... 13.4.3, A.13.4.3.2.1 to A.13.4.3.3.3 -Protection of ........................................... 13.2.3, A.13.2.3 -Records ........................................................... 13.2.8 -Return to service after testing ............................. 13.4.3.2.10 -Shutoff ............................................................. 4.1.7 -System ................................. 13.4, A.13.4.1.1 to A.13.4.4.3.2 -Testing ........................................................ see Testing -Test valves .......................................................... 4.5.3 -Water mist systems ........................................ T able 12.1.2 -Water-spray fixed systems ....................................... 10.1.5 -Valve supervisory devices .................. T able 5.1.1.2, Table 6.1.1.2, -Table 11.5.1, 13.3.3.5, A.13.3.3.5 -Component action requirements .......... T able 5.5.1, Table 6.5.1, -Table 7.5.1 -Water tanks ................................................. T able 9.6.1 -Ventilating systems, sprinklers for ................................ 5.4.1.9 -Vents, pressure vacuum............................................. 1 1.4.8 --W- -Wall hydrants ...................... T able 7.1, 7.2.2.4, 7.3.2.3, Table E.1 -Definition ............................ 3.3.9.3, A.3.3.9.3, Fig. A.3.3.9.3 -Waterflow alarms ......................... T able 13.1.1.2, 13.2.6, A.13.1 -Foam-water sprinkler systems .......... T able 11.1.1.2, 11.1.4.1.1 to -11.1.4.1.3, 11.3.1.1, Table 11.5.1 -Sprinkler systems ............ T able 5.1.1.2, 5.2.5, 5.3.3, Table 5.5.1, -A.5.3.3.2, A.5.3.3.5 -Standpipe and hose systems ........ T able 6.1.1.2, 6.3.3, Table 6.5.1 -Water mist systems ............................................. 12.2.1.3 -Water spray systems ....................................... T able 10.5.1 -Water mist systems .............................................. Chap. 12 -High pressure cylinders ......................................... 12.1.6 -Inspection, maintenance, and testing .......... 12.1, 12.2, A.12.1.4, -A.12.2.10 -Training ............................................................ 12.3 -Water spray (definition) ................................. 3.3.36, A.3.3.36 -Water spray nozzles ............... 5.4.1.9, Table 10.1, 10.2.5, 10.3.4.3, -A.10.2.5, A.10.3.4.3, Table E.1 -Component action requirements ....................... T able 10.5.1 -Definition .......................................... 3.3.22.2, A.3.3.22.2 -Water spray systems ........ Chap. 10; see alsoFire pumps; Water tanks -Component action requirements ................................ 10.5 -Definition ................................................. 3.6.5, A.3.6.5 -Foam-water spray system (definition) .... 3.4.1; see alsoFoam-water -sprinkler systems -Impairments ........................................... 10.1.6, A.10.1.6 -Inspection and maintenance procedures ......... 10.1, Table 10.1, -10.2, A.10.1, A.10.2.4 to A.10.2.7, Table E.1 -Automatic detection equipment .................... 10.2.3, 10.4.2 -Deluge valves ........................................ 10.2.1.5, 10.2.2 -Drainage ....................................................... 10.2.8 -Piping .......................... 10.2.4, 10.2.6, A.10.2.4, A.10.2.6.2 -Strainers ............................................. 10.2.7, A.10.2.7 -Valves ............................................... 10.4.4, Chap. 13 -Water supply ...................................... 10.2.6, A.10.2.6.2 -Manual operations ............................................... 10.3.6 -Return to service after testing .................................. 10.3.7 -Supervisory service, notification to ........................... 10.3.2.1 -Testing ........................................................ see Testing -Water supply -Definition ......................................................... 3.3.37 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ...................... 1 1.2.6, A.11.2.6.2 -Obstructions .................................................. Annex D -Water spray systems ............... 10.2.6, 10.3.5, 10.3.7.1, A.10.2.6.2 -Water tanks ........................................................ Chap. 9 -Alarm devices .................. T able 9.1, 9.2.1, 9.2.3, 9.2.4.2, 9.3.3, -9.3.5, Table 9.6.1, A.9.2.1.1, A.9.3.5 -Component action requirements .................................. 9.6 -Definition .......................................................... 3.6.6 -ESCF, maintenance of ................................ T able 9.1, 9.4.6 -Foam-water sprinkler systems ................................... 1 1.1.2 -Heating systems ......................... T able 9.1, 9.2.3, Table 9.6.1 -Impairments ....................................................... 9.1.4 -Inspections .............................................. see Inspections -Maintenance .......................................... see Maintenance -Obstruction investigations ......................................... D.3 -Pressure tanks ................ T able 9.1, 9.2.2, Table 10.1, Table E.1 -Supervisory service, notification to ..................... 9.1.5, A.9.1.5 -Testing ........................................................ see Testing -Water spray systems ............................................. 10.2.10 -Wet barrel hydrants ........................ T able 7.1, 7.2.2.5, Table E.1 -Definition ............................ 3.3.9.4, A.3.3.9.4, Fig. A.3.3.9.4 -Wet pipe sprinkler systems -Definition ............................................. 3.6.4.5, A.3.6.4.5 -Gauges ................................................ 5.2.4.1, A.5.2.4.1 -Inspection ................................................ T able 5.1.1.2 -Obstructions ................................ D.2.5, D.3.2, D.3.4, D.5.4 -Wharves, sprinklers for .......................................... 5.4.1.1.2 --Y- -Yard mains ................................... 14.3.1, A.14.3.1, D.3, D.5.1 --Z- -Zebra mussels, obstruction by .......................... D.4.6, Table E.1 -25–120 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS -2011 Edition Cou/W1 01 11 21 3 654321 -Copyright National Fire Protection Association -Provided by IHS under license with NFPA -Licensee=Advantage Interests Inc/5964363001 -Not for Resale, 10/20/2010 09:28:50 MDT -No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ---`,`,,```,``,````,``,`,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- -Sequence of Events Leading to Issuance -of an NFPA Committee Document -Step 1: Call for Proposals -• Proposed new Document or new edition of an existing -Document is entered into one of two yearly revision cy - -cles, and a Call for Proposals is published. -Step 2: Report on Proposals (ROP) -• Committee meets to act on Proposals, to develop its own -Proposals, and to prepare its Report. -• Committee votes by written ballot on Proposals. If two- -thirds approve, Report goes forward. Lacking two-thirds -approval, Report returns to Committee. -• Report on Proposals (ROP) is published for public re - -view and comment. -Step 3: Report on Comments (ROC) -• Committee meets to act on Public Comments to develop -its own Comments, and to prepare its report. -• Committee votes by written ballot on Comments. If two- -thirds approve, Report goes forward. Lacking two-thirds -approval, Report returns to Committee. -• Report on Comments (ROC) is published for public re- -view. -Step 4: Technical Report Session -• “Notices of intent to make a motion” are filed, are reviewed, -and valid motions are certified for presentation at the -Technical Report Session. (“Consent Documents” that -have no certified motions bypass the Technical Report -Session and proceed to the Standards Council for issu - -ance.) -• NFPA membership meets each June at the Annual Meet- -ing Technical Report Session and acts on Technical -Committee Reports (ROP and ROC) for Documents -with “certified amending motions.” -• Committee(s) vote on any amendments to Report ap - -proved at NFPA Annual Membership Meeting. -Step 5: Standards Council Issuance -• Notification of intent to file an appeal to the Standards -Council on Association action must be filed within 20 -days of the NFPA Annual Membership Meeting. -• Standards Council decides, based on all evidence, -whether or not to issue Document or to take other ac - -tion, including hearing any appeals. -Committee Membership Classifications -The following classifications apply to Technical Commit - -tee members and represent their principal interest in the -activity of the committee. -M Manufacturer: A representative of a maker or mar - -keter of a product, assembly, or system, or portion -thereof, that is affected by the standard. -U User: A representative of an entity that is subject to -the provisions of the standard or that voluntarily -uses the standard. -I/M Installer/Maintainer: A representative of an entity -that is in the business of installing or maintaining -a product, assembly, or system affected by the stan- -dard. -L Labor: A labor representative or employee con - -cerned with safety in the workplace. -R/T Applied Research/Testing Laboratory: A representative -of an independent testing laboratory or indepen - -dent applied research organization that promul - -gates and/or enforces standards. -E Enforcing Authority: A representative of an agency -or an organization that promulgates and/or en - -forces standards. -I Insurance: A representative of an insurance com - -pany, broker, agent, bureau, or inspection agency. -C Consumer: A person who is, or represents, the ul - -timate purchaser of a product, system, or service -affected by the standard, but who is not included -in the User classification. -SE Special Expert: A person not representing any of -the previous classifications, but who has a special -expertise in the scope of the standard or portion -thereof. -NOTES; -1. “Standard” connotes code, standard, recommended -practice, or guide. -2. A representative includes an employee. -3. While these classifications will be used by the Standards -Council to achieve a balance for Technical Committees, -the Standards Council may determine that new classifi - -cations of members or unique interests need representa - -tion in order to foster the best possible committee delib - -erations on any project. In this connection, the Standards -Council may make appointments as it deems appropriate -in the public interest, such as the classification of “Utili - -ties” in the National Electrical Code Committee. -4. 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