<p>A bill with an expiration date does not become worthless suddenly. Clearly its value would decrease over time until, just before the expiration date, it was next to worthless. Think about it: how much would you pay for a $1 bill that expires in 5 minutes? Certainly a lot less than you would for one that expires in 6 months.</p>

<p>This constantly changing value would make it hard to use as a medium of exchange. Whenever buying or selling something, one would have to look not just at the face value of the bill, but also at the expiration date, to be able to calculate its real value. People would probably start carrying calculators next to their wallets.</p>

<p>Cattle (which obviously "expire") were once <a href="http://storyarchaeology.com/cows-as-currency/" rel="noreferrer">used as currency</a>, so it certainly could work. But that does not mean it is ideal.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-20T19:12:22.093Z
2015-08-20T19:12:22.093Z
suriv
<p>Having paper money expire is equivalent to setting a negative interest rate. In fact, your question is closely related to one asked before, "<a href="https://economics.stackexchange.com/questions/5757/why-is-10-the-necessary-upper-bound-for-a-negative-interest-rate">Why is 10% the necessary upper bound for a negative interest rate?</a>" The practical issues raised in suriv's answer are real— the particular way in which you've designed it isn't ideal. Miles Kimball has a more complicated proposal, <a href="http://blog.supplysideliberal.com/post/46244331402/quartz-5-how-subordinating-paper-currency-to" rel="nofollow noreferrer">described on his blog</a>, that would in theory address a lot of the practical concerns that are generated by approaches like expiration dates or random invalidation.</p>

<p>The application for this is, obviously, to break through the zero lower bound on interest rates— it's designed to increase, not decrease, inflation, as it lowers the value of the outstanding money supply.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-23T12:40:55.157Z
so what Miles Kimball proposes is to have separate interest rates for banks, digital money and currency? - digital always being lower than banks' and currency being lower still. For instance, bank interest could be at 1%, digital at 0% and currency at -1%. In this situation (ignoring inflation), all cash money that's stored up slowly devalues over time while stuff on your account stays the same value but banks still generate profit. Interesting. That's certainly more subtle than the above brute force effect. I don't quite see how the revaluing ("closing the gap") works though.
kram1032
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-20T19:43:35.313Z
2015-08-20T19:43:35.313Z
2017-04-13T12:51:38.253Z
dismalscience
<p>I haven't earned enough reputation to comment and so I will post this here: </p>

<p>This money would very obviously devalue as it reaches maturation because it loses its ability to function as a store of value. We could also assume that it would lose value exponentially and become completely valueless before the actual date of expiration. And it actually seems such a currency should be valueless. Assume person A has 10 dollars of this currency and wants to buy some good from person B. Person B must discount the 10 dollars in accordance with whatever value he thinks person C - from whom B will buy some goods - will ascribe the currency. Carry this chain of thought forward ad infinitum. Given that each successive transaction occurs more closely to the expiration date, such a chain of thought yields that the currency is valueless. This currency would only be valuable if a person was stupid enough to accept it. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-20T20:13:34.980Z
2015-08-20T20:13:34.980Z
snufalufagus
<p>With this system, the face value of a bill is a somewhat irrelevant upper limit on what the bill is actually worth. A \$10 bill might be worth $10 at the time it's printed, but it's worth \$0 after expiration, and somewhere in the middle during the interim (a \$10 bill might be worth only \$5 a week before it expires). The currency no longer serves its principal purpose as a fixed and agreed-upon store of value. There's no fixed number of how many \$10 bills I'd have to give you to settle a \$10 debt, as it will depend on how old each of those bills is.</p>

<p>In a system such as this, the logical thing to do is to move all your money into non-expiring assets, and exchange for cash only when needed. As this seems to only apply to printed money, I could keep my money electronically in a bank account (not physical bills), or in some other store of value like gold or diamonds. No one should ever hold cash that they don't plan to immediately spend. This is completely different than normal inflation, because with inflation, prices rise and purchasing power decreases, but the store of value is irrelevant - everyone experiences inflation regardless of whether they hold cash or gold. Here, only people who hold physical bills experience "inflation," so abandoning the currency is a great way to retain purchasing power over time.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-15T16:23:44.023Z
2019-02-15T16:23:44.023Z
Nuclear Hoagie
<p>This question has a historical predecessor in my opinion. My answer will be inspired by Gresham's Law: bad money replaces the good.</p>

<p>Obviously people aren't going to go around calculating the discounted value of money based on the time until expiration. Even with an expiration date, there is still going to be a face value of money, and that's going to be important.</p>

<p>Consider in old times with gold. If you have two types of gold coins in circulation, one with more gold and one with less gold, and these two types of coins have the same face value, then people will want to keep the coins with more gold content and circulate the coins with less gold in them. Hence, "bad" money drives out the "good". The good coins could be melted down (illegally) or hoarded.</p>

<p>The same thing would happen in modern times if you had money expire. People would circulate the bad money (close to expiring) and good money would leave (perhaps through international trade to countries that are not held to the same legal tender laws as the domestic currency's country).</p>

<p>Today, money that is too worn out or dirty is naturally destroyed by the government or disappears, and the government reprints money to replenish the base in response. I imagine the same would happen if currency had an expiration date.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-02-10T17:44:46.430Z
why would people from outside take their non-expiring money and exchange it for expiring money from this fictional place? I think the melting down of gold coins is only plausible because gold is worth so much. If the face value of a coin is more than the material it's made of, melting down would be a losing gamble, even next to yet another, even less materially valuable coin.
kram1032
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-02-10T17:47:43.023Z
They wouldn't? That's not what I'm saying lol. I'm saying internationals would be the ones who will get good money when it's not hoarded.
Kitsune Cavalry
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-15T16:04:38.890Z
You say people would circulate the currency close to expiring, but to *whom*? Everyone else is trying to get rid of their close-to-expiring currency as well, so no one will accept it as payment of a debt. A coin with less gold in it still has some value, expired currency is worth nothing.
Nuclear Hoagie
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-15T16:38:47.460Z
Presumably in this hypothetical, close-to-expiring money is still legal tender. Businesses must accept it.
Kitsune Cavalry
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-02-10T17:39:44.723Z
2017-02-10T17:39:44.723Z
Kitsune Cavalry
<p>RBI can print expiration date on notes. </p>

<p>Cons </p>

<ol>
<li>Inconvenience to people when they change currencies.</li>
<li>People has to go to bank whenever they want to get them changed. </li>
<li>People will face loss if they forget to get the expired notes changed. </li>
<li>People might face loss if they receive counterfeit by mistake. </li>
<li>Govt. has to spend money to print such notes every now and then.</li>
<li>Vendors might not accept currencies that expires in few days time. </li>
</ol>

<p>Pros. </p>

<ol>
<li><p>Since people are forced to take the currencies to the bank for new notes or to deposit, and counterfeit will be caught if they are present. </p></li>
<li><p>Nobody will be willing to keep such currencies beyond the date of expiration. They will be forced to surrender such notes at the Bank to get them exchanged. </p></li>
<li><p>It will become inconvenient to people who keep cash in bulk quantities beyond the date of expiration. </p></li>
<li><p>There will be a window period to get the expired notes exchanged provided they inform the bank in advance that the rightful owner has few of them. </p></li>
<li><p>They will be forced to use plastic currencies as it is difficult to verify the date printed on it. </p></li>
<li><p>Only higher denominations carry such expiration date. </p></li>
<li><p>Fraudsters will stop making counterfeits every now and them as it becomes difficult to get exchanged. </p></li>
</ol>

<p>Argument that has not relevance</p>

<ol>
<li>People can exchange their currencies to gold or anything they wish. </li>
<li>This will curb black money (Black money doesn't have a traceable source of income.)</li>
</ol>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-05-19T22:52:09.387Z
2019-05-19T22:52:09.387Z
user23205
<p>Consider how the world worked prior to the use of money. We were hunter/gatherers. The best way to survive was to cooperate as a part of a community. Earning a living was all about having enough of the essentials to live from day to day. The essentials in this context are food, clothing and shelter. Importantly, as a community the goods collected were distributed across the community according to need. There was no concept of hoarding, indeed no need for hoarding - food did not keep for long, there was no sense of fashion and so clothing was worn primarily for warmth, and no one needed more than a single modest home (typically a cave or a wooden hut). Instead there was a symbiotic relationship between the individual and the community (a united we stand, divided we fall type philosophy to life).</p>

<p>Now fast forward to the introduction of money which ultimately led to a specialisation of labour (Adam Smith type economic principles). Now people could be greedy. They could hoard money. They did not need to work for the benefit of the community generally, but instead for their own insatiable appetite for more. Inheritance became possible. Inequality ensued. Then we saw game theory defeating community and, more importantly, working to the detriment of the economy.</p>

<p>We are all familiar with Keynsian economics and spending multipliers which boost GDP and contribute to higher employment, better standards of living, etc. Hoarding of money works counter to Keynsian principles.</p>

<p>So it is easy to see that if there were a means of removing the negative aspects of a fiat currency and defeating the hoarding of money that society as a whole would benefit. The expiry of money (which is not the same as inflation) might achieve that objective.</p>

<p>Inflation results in a price/wage spiral which is incredibly damaging for an economy and if wages keep up with prices then this would not achieve the same objective as that discussed above in relation to the expiry of money.</p>

<p>This is very much a utopian idea because all else being equal, if such a system were to be introduced in a single jurisdiction then people would simply hoard wealth elsewhere. However, it is an interesting academic exercise.</p>

<p>Ultimately, we would need to replicate the hunter/gatherer model. So each day a person would start with a clean slate. Each person would only need enough food to survive and so anything hunted or gathered that day which was surplus to requirement would be shared before it perished or maybe exchanged for something else (food for clothing or for tools that somebody else had made that day perhaps). In this way people's time is measured more fairly. I spend my day hunting, you spend your day collecting fruit and vegetables while someone else makes clothing from the skins of yesterday's kills. At the end of the day everyone eats and everyone is clothed. Everyone is happy and tomorrow we go again.</p>

<p>So the way that this may work is a day to day currency. Based on your contribution to the community that day (which could also be in terms of non-tangible services such as teaching, nursing, etc.) you would be entitled to share in the output of the community (food, clothing, etc.) according to need. Tomorrow the currency for today becomes obsolete and we go again.</p>

<p>How much better might our society be if we were able to implement such a model?</p>

<p>The problem that we have is that we live in a very complex society now which requires infrastructure investment. How might we develop a currency that expires and also encourage long term investments (buildings of roads, airports, etc). This takes us on a path to nationalisation of all infrastructure which tends towards a flawed communist model (so let us not dwell on that any more).</p>

<p>The banking model to fund infrastructure projects is reliant on the hoarding of wealth and the encouragement of investment. Catch 22.</p>

<p>Another problem is in quantification of productivity of each person. Does money become something that represents time expended rather than the value of the output - so we invent a "time bank". That might be fairer as nurses and teachers would be paid the same hourly rate as Hollywood actors or football stars. But logistically, who becomes the arbiter of time banked by each person each day?</p>

<p>It would again require full centralisation. Each person delivers their output to a central power and is provided with all that they need (are we heading back to a communist model again - I fear that this is where such a model always ends up).</p>

<p>Perhaps the imperfections of money are simply the price that we have to pay for living in a capitalist society for which there appears to be no credible alternative. It is the least worst mechanism which is probably why we have evolved economically as we have to where we are today.</p>

<p>Sorry!</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-15T15:36:33.307Z
2019-02-15T15:54:51.650Z
2019-02-15T15:54:51.650Z
Delta9Echo
<p>Let's say we introduce a monetary system where each piece of money is printed with an expiration date - a year, perhaps.  </p>

<p>I'm imagining something rather different from inflation (although I do not know whether it would actually behave much differently) :<br>
With inflation, the entire money supply gradually devalues at some set rate.<br>
With an expiration date, there is no devaluation for a while, and then a sudden drop. However, at that point (and in fact for quite some while already) there will be new money in print, which will still have the same value the old money would have had a day ago (plus/minus the undoubtedly still existing inflation rates on top of that, but unless that's somehow important in this, let's ignore that for the purpose of this question.)</p>

<p>So the setup would essentially be a government infinitely printing money BUT to prevent hyperinflation, old money is suddenly and permanently lost from the economy. Presumably the printing rate would roughly coincide with the expiration date such that, at any given, about the same amount of money (plus/minus external demand but let's ignore that as well) is available. It may just suddenly change owner.</p>

<p>What will happen, short- and long term? (Obviously short time a lot of things, like savings plans and how banks work would have to significantly change or they would downright fall flat, but after a while, assuming our hypothetical government wouldn't just frightenedly revert the laws after two years of resulting economic failure or something, a new economy would build around these new restrictions. What would that be like - without delving too deeply into pure speculation. Are there useful models adaptable/built for such a situation?)</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-20T14:21:47.087Z
This question seems like a better fit for the world building stackexchange. Why would any monetary authority want to do this? In terms of implementation, I have a few additional questions. Would existing money be retroactively dated? What would happen to non-currency money like deposits in banks or certificates of deposits?
BKay
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-20T14:30:03.303Z
@BKay well, this could be a rather harsh measure to get money flowing instead of indefinitely stuck in somebody's personal account. Presumably "old money" pre-policy change, would bet set to expire a year (or what ever the actual rate is) after implementation. And as for other stored money, I'd imagine, wherever it is actually possible, you'd get the same expiration date. - All digital money could also be tagged that way. How exactly such a system would interact with the rest of the world would probably reach too far, so it's probably best to assume this situation in a vacuum, where possible.
kram1032
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-20T14:39:32.283Z
@BKay Interesting, I didn't know about the world-building stackexchange. If this question is deemed too off topic for here, I might re-ask it over there. Though I'm not sure it would absolutely fit their bill either. I'm asking less from a story or gameplay perspective or something but rather I'm interested in the economic effects at large. - I have actually heard that a model like this has been implemented before in a small setting (a single village) during one of the world wars. Unfortunately I only heard it and don't have a source for it.
kram1032
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-06-17T19:01:43.377Z
potentially... But I don't think a 100% inheritance tax is all that good an idea
kram1032
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-02-10T00:33:05.653Z
This would sort of be like replacing all money with visa gift cards. To avoid having them lose value, maybe there'd be a sort of reset that occurs when money changes hands. But that sounds like a bureaucratic nightmare, and people could dodge the rule by making meaningless exchanges back and forth. Interesting question though, I wondered about it myself. That's how I got here.
ren
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-03-24T09:01:21.087Z
What if the expiry date was reset after use, it would have to be digital money.
sdiaz1000
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-10-01T23:57:32.123Z
I've seen a couple comments here pointing out that nobody would trade for a bill that expires in five minutes, which I agree with, and random expiration has its problems as well. I've been bouncing this idea around my head for a bit, and would like some outside opinions on it, as it is a variation of yours that might cover for this problem. If we're going to go for the theory of a purely virtual currency, then we can have a dynamic reset rate. To maintain the face value of the currency, we could have the expiration timer reset to full every time the credit changes hands, so that it stays in th
A Nonny Mouse
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-10-02T13:46:46.347Z
Transaction Taxes are a thing, and a useful one, I think. Without transaction taxes, you get the goal of hyper fast trading in hopes of getting tiny profits in tiny amounts of times, which add up quickly, but, I *think* could threaten the stability. This would also avoid the pitfalls of quick transactions to retain money. Although I guess the tax would have to be modified to better fit that case which wouldn't even remotely require literally trading every second...
kram1032
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-12-16T13:44:58.147Z
Doesn't inflation just seem easier?
Criticize SE actions means ban
<currency><money-supply><money>
What would be the effects of an expiration date on currency?
kram1032
# What would be the effects of an expiration date on currency?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2015-08-20)

Let's say we introduce a monetary system where each piece of money is printed with an expiration date - a year, perhaps.

I'm imagining something rather diffeusername_2t from inflation (although I do not know whether it would actually behave much diffeusername_2tly) :  
With inflation, the entire money supply gradually devalues at some set rate.  
With an expiration date, there is no devaluation for a while, and then a sudden drop. However, at that point (and in fact for quite some while already) there will be new money in print, which will still have the same value the old money would have had a day ago (plus/minus the undoubtedly still existing inflation rates on top of that, but unless that's somehow important in this, let's ignore that for the purpose of this question.)

So the setup would essentially be a government infinitely printing money BUT to prevent hyperinflation, old money is suddenly and permanently lost from the economy. Presumably the printing rate would roughly coincide with the expiration date such that, at any given, about the same amount of money (plus/minus external demand but let's ignore that as well) is available. It may just suddenly change owner.

What will happen, short- and long term? (Obviously short time a lot of things, like savings plans and how banks work would have to significantly change or they would downright fall flat, but after a while, assuming our hypothetical government wouldn't just frightenedly revert the laws after two years of resulting economic failure or something, a new economy would build around these new restrictions. What would that be like - without delving too deeply into pure speculation. Are there useful models adaptable/built for such a situation?)

**Tags:** currency, money-supply, money

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: This question seems like a better fit for the world building stackexchange. Why would any monetary authority want to do this? In terms of implementation, I have a few additional questions. Would existing money be retroactively dated? What would happen to non-curusername_2cy money like deposits in banks or certificates of deposits?  
> **username_0**: @username_1 well, this could be a rather harsh measure to get money flowing instead of indefinitely stuck in somebody's personal account. Presumably "old money" pre-policy change, would bet set to expire a year (or what ever the actual rate is) after implementation. And as for other stored money, I'd imagine, wherever it is actually possible, you'd get the same expiration date. - All digital money could also be tagged that way. How exactly such a system would interact with the rest of the world would probably reach too far, so it's probably best to assume this situation in a vacuum, where possible.  
> **username_0**: @username_1 Interesting, I didn't know about the world-building stackexchange. If this question is deemed too off topic for here, I might re-ask it over there. Though I'm not sure it would absolutely fit their bill either. I'm asking less from a story or gameplay perspective or something but rather I'm interested in the economic effects at large. - I have actually heard that a model like this has been implemented before in a small setting (a single village) during one of the world wars. Unfortunately I only heard it and don't have a source for it.  
> **username_0**: potentially... But I don't think a 100% inheritance tax is all that good an idea  
> **username_2**: This would sort of be like replacing all money with visa gift cards. To avoid having them lose value, maybe there'd be a sort of reset that occurs when money changes hands. But that sounds like a bureaucratic nightmare, and people could dodge the rule by making meaningless exchanges back and forth. Interesting question though, I wondered about it myself. That's how I got here.  
> **username_3**: What if the expiry date was reset after use, it would have to be digital money.  
> **username_4**: I've seen a couple comments here pointing out that nobody would trade for a bill that expires in five minutes, which I agree with, and random expiration has its problems as well. I've been bouncing this idea around my head for a bit, and would like some outside opinions on it, as it is a variation of yours that might cover for this problem. If we're going to go for the theory of a purely virtual curusername_2cy, then we can have a dynamic reset rate. To maintain the face value of the curusername_2cy, we could have the expiration timer reset to full every time the credit changes hands, so that it stays in th  
> **username_0**: Transaction Taxes are a thing, and a useful one, I think. Without transaction taxes, you get the goal of hyper fast trading in hopes of getting tiny profits in tiny amounts of times, which add up quickly, but, I *think* could threaten the stability. This would also avoid the pitfalls of quick transactions to retain money. Although I guess the tax would have to be modified to better fit that case which wouldn't even remotely require literally trading every second...  
> **username_5**: Doesn't inflation just seem easier?  

---

## 7 answers

### Answer by username_6 on 2015-08-20. Score: 7

A bill with an expiration date does not become worthless suddenly. Clearly its value would decrease over time until, just before the expiration date, it was next to worthless. Think about it: how much would you pay for a $1 bill that expires in 5 minutes? Certainly a lot less than you would for one that expires in 6 months.

This constantly changing value would make it hard to use as a medium of exchange. Whenever buying or selling something, one would have to look not just at the face value of the bill, but also at the expiration date, to be able to calculate its real value. People would probably start carrying calculators next to their wallets.

Cattle (which obviously "expire") were once [used as curusername_2cy](http://storyarchaeology.com/cows-as-curusername_2cy/), so it certainly could work. But that does not mean it is ideal.


---

### Answer by username_7 on 2015-08-20. Score: 4

Having paper money expire is equivalent to setting a negative interest rate. In fact, your question is closely related to one asked before, "[Why is 10% the necessary upper bound for a negative interest rate?](https://economics.stackexchange.com/questions/5757/why-is-10-the-necessary-upper-bound-for-a-negative-interest-rate)" The practical issues raised in username_6's answer are real— the particular way in which you've designed it isn't ideal. Miles Kimball has a more complicated proposal, [described on his blog](http://blog.supplysideliberal.com/post/46244331402/quartz-5-how-subordinating-paper-curusername_2cy-to), that would in theory address a lot of the practical concerns that are generated by approaches like expiration dates or random invalidation.

The application for this is, obviously, to break through the zero lower bound on interest rates— it's designed to increase, not decrease, inflation, as it lowers the value of the outstanding money supply.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: so what Miles Kimball proposes is to have separate interest rates for banks, digital money and curusername_2cy? - digital always being lower than banks' and curusername_2cy being lower still. For instance, bank interest could be at 1%, digital at 0% and curusername_2cy at -1%. In this situation (ignoring inflation), all cash money that's stored up slowly devalues over time while stuff on your account stays the same value but banks still generate profit. Interesting. That's certainly more subtle than the above brute force effect. I don't quite see how the revaluing ("closing the gap") works though.  

---

### Answer by username_8 on 2015-08-20. Score: 3

I haven't earned enough reputation to comment and so I will post this here:

This money would very obviously devalue as it reaches maturation because it loses its ability to function as a store of value. We could also assume that it would lose value exponentially and become completely valueless before the actual date of expiration. And it actually seems such a curusername_2cy should be valueless. Assume person A has 10 dollars of this curusername_2cy and wants to buy some good from person B. Person B must discount the 10 dollars in accordance with whatever value he thinks person C - from whom B will buy some goods - will ascribe the curusername_2cy. Carry this chain of thought forward ad infinitum. Given that each successive transaction occurs more closely to the expiration date, such a chain of thought yields that the curusername_2cy is valueless. This curusername_2cy would only be valuable if a person was stupid enough to accept it.


---

### Answer by username_9 on 2019-02-15. Score: 1

With this system, the face value of a bill is a somewhat irrelevant upper limit on what the bill is actually worth. A \$10 bill might be worth $10 at the time it's printed, but it's worth \$0 after expiration, and somewhere in the middle during the interim (a \$10 bill might be worth only \$5 a week before it expires). The curusername_2cy no longer serves its principal purpose as a fixed and agreed-upon store of value. There's no fixed number of how many \$10 bills I'd have to give you to settle a \$10 debt, as it will depend on how old each of those bills is.

In a system such as this, the logical thing to do is to move all your money into non-expiring assets, and exchange for cash only when needed. As this seems to only apply to printed money, I could keep my money electronically in a bank account (not physical bills), or in some other store of value like gold or diamonds. No one should ever hold cash that they don't plan to immediately spend. This is completely diffeusername_2t than normal inflation, because with inflation, prices rise and purchasing power decreases, but the store of value is irrelevant - everyone experiences inflation regardless of whether they hold cash or gold. Here, only people who hold physical bills experience "inflation," so abandoning the curusername_2cy is a great way to retain purchasing power over time.


---

### Answer by username_10 on 2017-02-10. Score: 1

This question has a historical predecessor in my opinion. My answer will be inspired by Gresham's Law: bad money replaces the good.

Obviously people ausername_2't going to go around calculating the discounted value of money based on the time until expiration. Even with an expiration date, there is still going to be a face value of money, and that's going to be important.

Consider in old times with gold. If you have two types of gold coins in circulation, one with more gold and one with less gold, and these two types of coins have the same face value, then people will want to keep the coins with more gold content and circulate the coins with less gold in them. Hence, "bad" money drives out the "good". The good coins could be melted down (illegally) or hoarded.

The same thing would happen in modern times if you had money expire. People would circulate the bad money (close to expiring) and good money would leave (perhaps through international trade to countries that are not held to the same legal tender laws as the domestic curusername_2cy's country).

Today, money that is too worn out or dirty is naturally destroyed by the government or disappears, and the government reprints money to replenish the base in response. I imagine the same would happen if curusername_2cy had an expiration date.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: why would people from outside take their non-expiring money and exchange it for expiring money from this fictional place? I think the melting down of gold coins is only plausible because gold is worth so much. If the face value of a coin is more than the material it's made of, melting down would be a losing gamble, even next to yet another, even less materially valuable coin.  
> **username_10**: They wouldn't? That's not what I'm saying lol. I'm saying internationals would be the ones who will get good money when it's not hoarded.  
> **username_9**: You say people would circulate the curusername_2cy close to expiring, but to *whom*? Everyone else is trying to get rid of their close-to-expiring curusername_2cy as well, so no one will accept it as payment of a debt. A coin with less gold in it still has some value, expired curusername_2cy is worth nothing.  
> **username_10**: Presumably in this hypothetical, close-to-expiring money is still legal tender. Businesses must accept it.  

---

### Answer by username_11 on 2019-05-19. Score: 0

RBI can print expiration date on notes.

Cons

1. Inconvenience to people when they change curusername_2cies.
2. People has to go to bank whenever they want to get them changed.
3. People will face loss if they forget to get the expired notes changed.
4. People might face loss if they receive counterfeit by mistake.
5. Govt. has to spend money to print such notes every now and then.
6. Vendors might not accept curusername_2cies that expires in few days time.

Pros.

1. Since people are forced to take the curusername_2cies to the bank for new notes or to deposit, and counterfeit will be caught if they are present.
2. Nobody will be willing to keep such curusername_2cies beyond the date of expiration. They will be forced to surusername_2der such notes at the Bank to get them exchanged.
3. It will become inconvenient to people who keep cash in bulk quantities beyond the date of expiration.
4. There will be a window period to get the expired notes exchanged provided they inform the bank in advance that the rightful owner has few of them.
5. They will be forced to use plastic curusername_2cies as it is difficult to verify the date printed on it.
6. Only higher denominations carry such expiration date.
7. Fraudsters will stop making counterfeits every now and them as it becomes difficult to get exchanged.

Argument that has not relevance

1. People can exchange their curusername_2cies to gold or anything they wish.
2. This will curb black money (Black money doesn't have a traceable source of income.)


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### Answer by username_12 on 2019-02-15. Score: 0

Consider how the world worked prior to the use of money. We were hunter/gatherers. The best way to survive was to cooperate as a part of a community. Earning a living was all about having enough of the essentials to live from day to day. The essentials in this context are food, clothing and shelter. Importantly, as a community the goods collected were distributed across the community according to need. There was no concept of hoarding, indeed no need for hoarding - food did not keep for long, there was no sense of fashion and so clothing was worn primarily for warmth, and no one needed more than a single modest home (typically a cave or a wooden hut). Instead there was a symbiotic relationship between the individual and the community (a united we stand, divided we fall type philosophy to life).

Now fast forward to the introduction of money which ultimately led to a specialisation of labour (Adam Smith type economic principles). Now people could be greedy. They could hoard money. They did not need to work for the benefit of the community generally, but instead for their own insatiable appetite for more. Inheritance became possible. Inequality ensued. Then we saw game theory defeating community and, more importantly, working to the detriment of the economy.

We are all familiar with Keynsian economics and spending multipliers which boost GDP and contribute to higher employment, better standards of living, etc. Hoarding of money works counter to Keynsian principles.

So it is easy to see that if there were a means of removing the negative aspects of a fiat curusername_2cy and defeating the hoarding of money that society as a whole would benefit. The expiry of money (which is not the same as inflation) might achieve that objective.

Inflation results in a price/wage spiral which is incredibly damaging for an economy and if wages keep up with prices then this would not achieve the same objective as that discussed above in relation to the expiry of money.

This is very much a utopian idea because all else being equal, if such a system were to be introduced in a single jurisdiction then people would simply hoard wealth elsewhere. However, it is an interesting academic exercise.

Ultimately, we would need to replicate the hunter/gatherer model. So each day a person would start with a clean slate. Each person would only need enough food to survive and so anything hunted or gathered that day which was surplus to requirement would be shared before it perished or maybe exchanged for something else (food for clothing or for tools that somebody else had made that day perhaps). In this way people's time is measured more fairly. I spend my day hunting, you spend your day collecting fruit and vegetables while someone else makes clothing from the skins of yesterday's kills. At the end of the day everyone eats and everyone is clothed. Everyone is happy and tomorrow we go again.

So the way that this may work is a day to day curusername_2cy. Based on your contribution to the community that day (which could also be in terms of non-tangible services such as teaching, nursing, etc.) you would be entitled to share in the output of the community (food, clothing, etc.) according to need. Tomorrow the curusername_2cy for today becomes obsolete and we go again.

How much better might our society be if we were able to implement such a model?

The problem that we have is that we live in a very complex society now which requires infrastructure investment. How might we develop a curusername_2cy that expires and also encourage long term investments (buildings of roads, airports, etc). This takes us on a path to nationalisation of all infrastructure which tends towards a flawed communist model (so let us not dwell on that any more).

The banking model to fund infrastructure projects is reliant on the hoarding of wealth and the encouragement of investment. Catch 22.

Another problem is in quantification of productivity of each person. Does money become something that represents time expended rather than the value of the output - so we invent a "time bank". That might be fairer as nurses and teachers would be paid the same hourly rate as Hollywood actors or football stars. But logistically, who becomes the arbiter of time banked by each person each day?

It would again require full centralisation. Each person delivers their output to a central power and is provided with all that they need (are we heading back to a communist model again - I fear that this is where such a model always ends up).

Perhaps the imperfections of money are simply the price that we have to pay for living in a capitalist society for which there appears to be no credible alternative. It is the least worst mechanism which is probably why we have evolved economically as we have to where we are today.

Sorry!


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