<p>I finally managed to understand what I was missing.</p>
<p>There were <strong>2 errors</strong> in the <strong>witness</strong> field:</p>
<ol>
<li>I did not put the tapleaf lenght of S1 before tapleafS1</li>
<li>I did not put the control_block's lenght before control block</li>
</ol>
<p>Here is that part of the code corrected:</p>
<pre><code>control_block = bytes([LEAF_VER[0] + parity_bit[0]]) + P + tap_leaf_s2 + tap_leaf_s3
len_control_block = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(control_block.hex())

witness = witness_count + witness_sig_size + sig_hex + s1_len_hex + s1_hex + len_control_block + control_block.hex()
</code></pre>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-17T16:18:14.777Z
2023-01-17T16:18:14.777Z
alemaz98
<p>I am trying to create a raw transaction P2TR, spending a Taproot UTXO using the script path.</p>
<p>I did the following:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Create a random private key d and corresponding pubkey P (the internal pubkey)</p>
</li>
<li><p>Create other 3 private keys: k1, k2, k3 and pubkeys P1, P2, P3</p>
</li>
<li><p>Create a locking script for every k_i: &quot;20&quot; (lenght of P_i) + P_i (serialized, so 32 bytes only) + &quot;ac&quot; (OP_CHECKSIG)</p>
</li>
<li><p>Create a taproot (see below for a graphic representation)</p>
<pre><code>                taptweak(P|s1s2s3)
                          |
                          |
                        s1s2s3
                          |
                          |
                    --------------
                   |              |
                  s1s2            s3
                   |
               ---------
              |         |
              s1        s2
</code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>Derive the taproot address and I send some tBTC to it.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Now I want to create a tx spending from it to a new address (addr_to) using script s1.</p>
<ol start="6">
<li>Create the unsigned tx</li>
<li>Create the sighash msg (with SIGHASH_ALL 0x00)</li>
<li>Sign it with schnorr signature</li>
<li>Construct witness field</li>
<li>Construct full signed tx</li>
</ol>
<p>So now I have the full tx. But when I try to send it to the network, it says &quot;<em>Error validating transaction: Error running script for input 0 referencing bc9cba8dbdb6f35db1db856d440f3db5cd672cfcf5312539a8eb6c1319e6dda2 at 0: unexpected witness payload for non-witness script.</em>&quot;</p>
<p>When I send it to another node (mempool.space) it says: &quot;<em>TX decode failed. Make sure the tx has at least one input.</em>&quot;</p>
<p>Here is the code I use:</p>
<pre><code>import BIP350
import Schnorr
import ToolsUnit

LEAF_VER = b'\xc0'

# internal private and public key
d = 18968816317819169306095104891728354025797295648084455976845396390496379316944
P_point = Schnorr.multiply(d)
if P_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    d = Schnorr.n - d
    P_point = Schnorr.multiply(d)
P = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(P_point)

# s1
k1 = 78931426514357468882601520915645133116503184441831846482294115903507660427950
P1_point = Schnorr.multiply(k1)
if P1_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    k1 = Schnorr.n - k1
    P1_point = Schnorr.multiply(k1)
P1 = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(P1_point)
s1_hex = &quot;20&quot; + P1.hex() + &quot;ac&quot;  # 20 = 32 in esadecimale ed è la lunghezza della pubkey | ac = OP_CHECKSIG
s1_len_hex = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(s1_hex)
tap_leaf_s1 = Schnorr.tagged_hash(&quot;TapLeaf&quot;, LEAF_VER + bytes.fromhex(s1_len_hex + s1_hex))

# s2
k2 = 53223457762164509281563914254149592059900713682793766747801624337469509007268
P2_point = Schnorr.multiply(k2)
if P2_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    k2 = Schnorr.n - k2
    P2_point = Schnorr.multiply(k2)
P2 = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(P2_point)
s2_hex = &quot;20&quot; + P2.hex() + &quot;ac&quot;  # 20 = 32 in esadecimale ed è la lunghezza della pubkey | ac = OP_CHECKSIG
s2_len_hex = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(s2_hex)
tap_leaf_s2 = Schnorr.tagged_hash(&quot;TapLeaf&quot;, LEAF_VER + bytes.fromhex(s2_len_hex + s2_hex))

# s3
k3 = 48034867036800174573932088253129938072033279788016841632941291149515077395801
P3_point = Schnorr.multiply(k3)
if P3_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    k3 = Schnorr.n - k3
    P3_point = Schnorr.multiply(k3)
P3 = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(P3_point)
s3_hex = &quot;20&quot; + P3.hex() + &quot;ac&quot;  # 20 = 32 in esadecimale ed è la lunghezza della pubkey | ac = OP_CHECKSIG
s3_len_hex = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(s3_hex)
tap_leaf_s3 = Schnorr.tagged_hash(&quot;TapLeaf&quot;, LEAF_VER + bytes.fromhex(s3_len_hex + s3_hex))

# tagged branch s1s2
tap_branch_s1s2 = Schnorr.tagged_hash(&quot;TapBranch&quot;, b''.join(sorted([tap_leaf_s1, tap_leaf_s2])))

# tagged branch s1s2s3
tap_branch_s1s2s3 = Schnorr.tagged_hash(&quot;TapBranch&quot;, b''.join(sorted([tap_branch_s1s2, tap_leaf_s3])))

# tap tweak t
t = Schnorr.tagged_hash(&quot;TapTweak&quot;, P + tap_branch_s1s2s3)
t_int = Schnorr.int_from_bytes(t)

# taproot pubkey Q = P + tG
Q_point = Schnorr.add(P_point, Schnorr.multiply(t_int))
Q = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(Q_point)

# address_from
addr_from = BIP350.encode_addr_bech32m(Q, &quot;False&quot;)  # tb1p4mxklg32p85ukf9qrgep3lkhuqhu9lj5qwcnatec2c0gma2790rqgutkdg

# ----------
# I'll create a tx spending from addr_from to addr_to using script path S1
# ----------

# create addr_to
kto = 106223809955248159900714945014279058380174181497200169336538554075749085215638
Pto_point = Schnorr.multiply(kto)
if Pto_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    kto = Schnorr.n - k1
    Pto_point = Schnorr.multiply(kto)
Pto = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(Pto_point)
addr_to = BIP350.encode_addr_bech32m(Pto, &quot;False&quot;)  # tb1pvhc33fd40y2vx2j8tx9hu338chxwpdy4s09lhm2mpmgee7mvwlkqd0cj2t

# data for the tx that sent me 0.00009644 BTC (taproot)
txid = &quot;bc9cba8dbdb6f35db1db856d440f3db5cd672cfcf5312539a8eb6c1319e6dda2&quot;
txid_reverse = ToolsUnit.reverse_byte_order(txid)
vout = &quot;00000000&quot;  # 0
amount_received = ToolsUnit.reverse_byte_order(hex(9644)[2:].rjust(16, &quot;0&quot;))  # 9644 sats = 0.00009644 BTC
locking_script_input = BIP350.create_witness_locking_script(addr_from, &quot;False&quot;)  # 5120aecd6fa22a09e9cb24a01a3218fed7e02fc2fe5403b13eaf38561e8df55e2bc6
len_locking_script_input = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(locking_script_input)

# data for the tx I want to create
marker = &quot;00&quot;
flag = &quot;01&quot;
input_count = &quot;01&quot;
version = &quot;01000000&quot;
amount_to_send = ToolsUnit.reverse_byte_order(hex(9000)[2:].rjust(16, &quot;0&quot;))  # 9644 sats = 0.00009644 BTC
sequence = &quot;ffffffff&quot;
output_count = &quot;01&quot;
locking_script_dest = BIP350.create_witness_locking_script(addr_to, &quot;False&quot;)  # 512065f118a5b57914c32a47598b7e4627c5cce0b49583cbfbed5b0ed19cfb6c77ec
len_locking_script_dest = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(locking_script_dest)
locktime = &quot;00000000&quot;
sig_hash_type = &quot;00000000&quot;  # SIGHASH_ALL_TAPROOT 00
sig_hash_type_1bytes = &quot;00&quot;  # SIGHASH_ALL_TAPROOT 00

# ----------
# CONSTRUCTING SIGHASH x INPUT (taproot)
# ----------

hash_type = bytes.fromhex(sig_hash_type_1bytes)
nversion = bytes.fromhex(version)
nlocktime = bytes.fromhex(locktime)

# sha_prevouts (32) = SHA256(serialization of all input outpoints)
sha_prevouts = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(txid_reverse + vout))

# sha_amounts (32): the SHA256 of the serialization of all spent output amounts
sha_amounts = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(amount_received))

# sha_scriptpubkeys (32): the SHA256 of all spent outputs' scriptPubKeys, serialized as script inside CTxOut
sha_scriptpubkeys = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(len_locking_script_input + locking_script_input))

# sha_sequences (32): the SHA256 of the serialization of all input nSequence.
sha_sequences = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(sequence))

# sha_outputs (32): the SHA256 of the serialization of all outputs in CTxOut format.
sha_outputs = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(amount_to_send + len_locking_script_dest + locking_script_dest))

# spend_type (1): equal to (ext_flag * 2) + annex_present, where annex_present is 0 if no annex is present,
# or 1 otherwise (the original witness stack has two or more witness elements,
# and the first byte of the last element is 0x50)
spend_type = bytes.fromhex(&quot;02&quot;)  # script path -&gt; ext_flag = 1

# input_index (4): index of this input in the transaction input vector. Index of the first input is 0
input_index = bytes.fromhex(&quot;00000000&quot;)  # there is only 1 input in this tx I'm constructing

# We use SCRIPT PATH, so we have to add
# 1. tapleaf_hash of the script I am using to spend this UTXO
# 2. b'\x00' which is key_version, representing the current version of public keys in the
#            tapscript signature opcode execution
# 3. codesep_pos = the opcode position of the last executed OP_CODESEPARATOR before the currently executed
#                  signature opcode, with the value in little endian (or 0xffffffff if none executed).
scrip_path_used = tap_leaf_s1 + b'\x00' + bytes.fromhex(&quot;ffffffff&quot;)

sig_to_hash = b'\x00' + hash_type + nversion + nlocktime + sha_prevouts + sha_amounts + sha_scriptpubkeys + sha_sequences\
              + sha_outputs + spend_type + input_index + scrip_path_used  # first element is b'\x00' which is epoch 0

sighash = Schnorr.tagged_hash(&quot;TapSighash&quot;, sig_to_hash)

# ----------
# SIGNING w/ k1 - SCRIPT PATH -&gt; S1
# ----------

sig = Schnorr.sign_schnorr(private_key_int=k1, msg_hash_bytes=sighash)

# ----------
# CONSTRUCTING WITNESS
# ----------
witness_count = &quot;03&quot;  # [Stack element(s) satisfying TapScript_S1]
#                       [TapScript_S1]
#                       [Controlblock c]

r, s = sig
sig_hex = r.hex() + s.hex()
witness_sig_size = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(sig_hex)

if Q_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    parity_bit = b'\x01'
else:
    parity_bit = b'\x00'

# control block:
# Its first byte stores the leaf version (#3) (top 7 bits) and the sign bit (#6) (bottom bit).
# The next 32 bytes store the (X coordinate only, because x-only key) of the internal public key (#4)
# Every block of 32 bytes after that encodes a component of the Merkle path (#5) connecting the leaf
# to the root (and then, the tweak), going in bottom-up direction.
control_block = bytes([LEAF_VER[0] + parity_bit[0]]) + P + tap_leaf_s2 + tap_leaf_s3

witness = witness_count + witness_sig_size + sig_hex + s1_hex + control_block.hex()


# ----------
# TX READY
# ----------

tx = version + marker + flag + input_count + txid_reverse + vout + &quot;00&quot; + sequence\
    + output_count + amount_to_send + len_locking_script_dest + locking_script_dest\
    + witness + locktime

print(tx)

</code></pre>
<p>Here is the code for the sign_schnorr function:</p>
<pre><code>def sign_schnorr(private_key_int, msg_hash_bytes, k=None):
    P = multiply(private_key_int)
    if not P[1] % 2 == 0:
        private_key_int = n - private_key_int

    if k is None:
        k = secrets.randbelow(n)

    R = multiply(k)
    if not R[1] % 2 == 0:
        k = n - k

    e = int_from_bytes(tagged_hash(&quot;BIP0340/challenge&quot;, ser256_schnorr(R) + ser256_schnorr(P) + msg_hash_bytes))

    sig = ser256_schnorr(R), bytes_from_int((k + e * private_key_int) % n)
    return sig
</code></pre>

<script><signature><python><taproot><p2tr>
Error validating transaction: unexpected witness payload for non-witness script in a P2TR using script path
alemaz98
# Error validating transaction: unexpected witness payload for non-witness script in a P2TR using script path

(Asked by: username_0 on 2023-01-17)

I am trying to create a raw transaction P2TR, spending a Taproot UTXO using the script path.

I did the following:

1. Create a random private key d and corresponding pubkey P (the internal pubkey)
2. Create other 3 private keys: k1, k2, k3 and pubkeys P1, P2, P3
3. Create a locking script for every k\_i: "20" (lenght of P\_i) + P\_i (serialized, so 32 bytes only) + "ac" (OP\_CHECKSIG)
4. Create a taproot (see below for a graphic representation)

   ```
                   taptweak(P|s1s2s3)
                             |
                             |
                           s1s2s3
                             |
                             |
                       --------------
                      |              |
                     s1s2            s3
                      |
                  ---------
                 |         |
                 s1        s2

   ```
5. Derive the taproot address and I send some tBTC to it.

Now I want to create a tx spending from it to a new address (addr\_to) using script s1.

6. Create the unsigned tx
7. Create the sighash msg (with SIGHASH\_ALL 0x00)
8. Sign it with schnorr signature
9. Construct witness field
10. Construct full signed tx

So now I have the full tx. But when I try to send it to the network, it says "*Error validating transaction: Error running script for input 0 referencing bc9cba8dbdb6f35db1db856d440f3db5cd672cfcf5312539a8eb6c1319e6dda2 at 0: unexpected witness payload for non-witness script.*"

When I send it to another node (mempool.space) it says: "*TX decode failed. Make sure the tx has at least one input.*"

Here is the code I use:

```
import BIP350
import Schnorr
import ToolsUnit

LEAF_VER = b'\xc0'

# internal private and public key
d = 18968816317819169306095104891728354025797295648084455976845396390496379316944
P_point = Schnorr.multiply(d)
if P_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    d = Schnorr.n - d
    P_point = Schnorr.multiply(d)
P = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(P_point)

# s1
k1 = 78931426514357468882601520915645133116503184441831846482294115903507660427950
P1_point = Schnorr.multiply(k1)
if P1_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    k1 = Schnorr.n - k1
    P1_point = Schnorr.multiply(k1)
P1 = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(P1_point)
s1_hex = "20" + P1.hex() + "ac"  # 20 = 32 in esadecimale ed è la lunghezza della pubkey | ac = OP_CHECKSIG
s1_len_hex = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(s1_hex)
tap_leaf_s1 = Schnorr.tagged_hash("TapLeaf", LEAF_VER + bytes.fromhex(s1_len_hex + s1_hex))

# s2
k2 = 53223457762164509281563914254149592059900713682793766747801624337469509007268
P2_point = Schnorr.multiply(k2)
if P2_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    k2 = Schnorr.n - k2
    P2_point = Schnorr.multiply(k2)
P2 = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(P2_point)
s2_hex = "20" + P2.hex() + "ac"  # 20 = 32 in esadecimale ed è la lunghezza della pubkey | ac = OP_CHECKSIG
s2_len_hex = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(s2_hex)
tap_leaf_s2 = Schnorr.tagged_hash("TapLeaf", LEAF_VER + bytes.fromhex(s2_len_hex + s2_hex))

# s3
k3 = 48034867036800174573932088253129938072033279788016841632941291149515077395801
P3_point = Schnorr.multiply(k3)
if P3_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    k3 = Schnorr.n - k3
    P3_point = Schnorr.multiply(k3)
P3 = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(P3_point)
s3_hex = "20" + P3.hex() + "ac"  # 20 = 32 in esadecimale ed è la lunghezza della pubkey | ac = OP_CHECKSIG
s3_len_hex = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(s3_hex)
tap_leaf_s3 = Schnorr.tagged_hash("TapLeaf", LEAF_VER + bytes.fromhex(s3_len_hex + s3_hex))

# tagged branch s1s2
tap_branch_s1s2 = Schnorr.tagged_hash("TapBranch", b''.join(sorted([tap_leaf_s1, tap_leaf_s2])))

# tagged branch s1s2s3
tap_branch_s1s2s3 = Schnorr.tagged_hash("TapBranch", b''.join(sorted([tap_branch_s1s2, tap_leaf_s3])))

# tap tweak t
t = Schnorr.tagged_hash("TapTweak", P + tap_branch_s1s2s3)
t_int = Schnorr.int_from_bytes(t)

# taproot pubkey Q = P + tG
Q_point = Schnorr.add(P_point, Schnorr.multiply(t_int))
Q = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(Q_point)

# address_from
addr_from = BIP350.encode_addr_bech32m(Q, "False")  # tb1p4mxklg32p85ukf9qrgep3lkhuqhu9lj5qwcnatec2c0gma2790rqgutkdg

# ----------
# I'll create a tx spending from addr_from to addr_to using script path S1
# ----------

# create addr_to
kto = 106223809955248159900714945014279058380174181497200169336538554075749085215638
Pto_point = Schnorr.multiply(kto)
if Pto_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    kto = Schnorr.n - k1
    Pto_point = Schnorr.multiply(kto)
Pto = Schnorr.ser256_schnorr(Pto_point)
addr_to = BIP350.encode_addr_bech32m(Pto, "False")  # tb1pvhc33fd40y2vx2j8tx9hu338chxwpdy4s09lhm2mpmgee7mvwlkqd0cj2t

# data for the tx that sent me 0.00009644 BTC (taproot)
txid = "bc9cba8dbdb6f35db1db856d440f3db5cd672cfcf5312539a8eb6c1319e6dda2"
txid_reverse = ToolsUnit.reverse_byte_order(txid)
vout = "00000000"  # 0
amount_received = ToolsUnit.reverse_byte_order(hex(9644)[2:].rjust(16, "0"))  # 9644 sats = 0.00009644 BTC
locking_script_input = BIP350.create_witness_locking_script(addr_from, "False")  # 5120aecd6fa22a09e9cb24a01a3218fed7e02fc2fe5403b13eaf38561e8df55e2bc6
len_locking_script_input = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(locking_script_input)

# data for the tx I want to create
marker = "00"
flag = "01"
input_count = "01"
version = "01000000"
amount_to_send = ToolsUnit.reverse_byte_order(hex(9000)[2:].rjust(16, "0"))  # 9644 sats = 0.00009644 BTC
sequence = "ffffffff"
output_count = "01"
locking_script_dest = BIP350.create_witness_locking_script(addr_to, "False")  # 512065f118a5b57914c32a47598b7e4627c5cce0b49583cbfbed5b0ed19cfb6c77ec
len_locking_script_dest = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(locking_script_dest)
locktime = "00000000"
sig_hash_type = "00000000"  # SIGHASH_ALL_TAPROOT 00
sig_hash_type_1bytes = "00"  # SIGHASH_ALL_TAPROOT 00

# ----------
# CONSTRUCTING SIGHASH x INPUT (taproot)
# ----------

hash_type = bytes.fromhex(sig_hash_type_1bytes)
nversion = bytes.fromhex(version)
nlocktime = bytes.fromhex(locktime)

# sha_prevouts (32) = SHA256(serialization of all input outpoints)
sha_prevouts = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(txid_reverse + vout))

# sha_amounts (32): the SHA256 of the serialization of all spent output amounts
sha_amounts = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(amount_received))

# sha_scriptpubkeys (32): the SHA256 of all spent outputs' scriptPubKeys, serialized as script inside CTxOut
sha_scriptpubkeys = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(len_locking_script_input + locking_script_input))

# sha_sequences (32): the SHA256 of the serialization of all input nSequence.
sha_sequences = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(sequence))

# sha_outputs (32): the SHA256 of the serialization of all outputs in CTxOut format.
sha_outputs = Schnorr.hash_sha256(bytes.fromhex(amount_to_send + len_locking_script_dest + locking_script_dest))

# spend_type (1): equal to (ext_flag * 2) + annex_present, where annex_present is 0 if no annex is present,
# or 1 otherwise (the original witness stack has two or more witness elements,
# and the first byte of the last element is 0x50)
spend_type = bytes.fromhex("02")  # script path -> ext_flag = 1

# input_index (4): index of this input in the transaction input vector. Index of the first input is 0
input_index = bytes.fromhex("00000000")  # there is only 1 input in this tx I'm constructing

# We use SCRIPT PATH, so we have to add
# 1. tapleaf_hash of the script I am using to spend this UTXO
# 2. b'\x00' which is key_version, representing the current version of public keys in the
#            tapscript signature opcode execution
# 3. codesep_pos = the opcode position of the last executed OP_CODESEPARATOR before the currently executed
#                  signature opcode, with the value in little endian (or 0xffffffff if none executed).
scrip_path_used = tap_leaf_s1 + b'\x00' + bytes.fromhex("ffffffff")

sig_to_hash = b'\x00' + hash_type + nversion + nlocktime + sha_prevouts + sha_amounts + sha_scriptpubkeys + sha_sequences\
              + sha_outputs + spend_type + input_index + scrip_path_used  # first element is b'\x00' which is epoch 0

sighash = Schnorr.tagged_hash("TapSighash", sig_to_hash)

# ----------
# SIGNING w/ k1 - SCRIPT PATH -> S1
# ----------

sig = Schnorr.sign_schnorr(private_key_int=k1, msg_hash_bytes=sighash)

# ----------
# CONSTRUCTING WITNESS
# ----------
witness_count = "03"  # [Stack element(s) satisfying TapScript_S1]
#                       [TapScript_S1]
#                       [Controlblock c]

r, s = sig
sig_hex = r.hex() + s.hex()
witness_sig_size = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(sig_hex)

if Q_point[1] % 2 != 0:
    parity_bit = b'\x01'
else:
    parity_bit = b'\x00'

# control block:
# Its first byte stores the leaf version (#3) (top 7 bits) and the sign bit (#6) (bottom bit).
# The next 32 bytes store the (X coordinate only, because x-only key) of the internal public key (#4)
# Every block of 32 bytes after that encodes a component of the Merkle path (#5) connecting the leaf
# to the root (and then, the tweak), going in bottom-up direction.
control_block = bytes([LEAF_VER[0] + parity_bit[0]]) + P + tap_leaf_s2 + tap_leaf_s3

witness = witness_count + witness_sig_size + sig_hex + s1_hex + control_block.hex()

# ----------
# TX READY
# ----------

tx = version + marker + flag + input_count + txid_reverse + vout + "00" + sequence\
    + output_count + amount_to_send + len_locking_script_dest + locking_script_dest\
    + witness + locktime

print(tx)

```

Here is the code for the sign\_schnorr function:

```
def sign_schnorr(private_key_int, msg_hash_bytes, k=None):
    P = multiply(private_key_int)
    if not P[1] % 2 == 0:
        private_key_int = n - private_key_int

    if k is None:
        k = secrets.randbelow(n)

    R = multiply(k)
    if not R[1] % 2 == 0:
        k = n - k

    e = int_from_bytes(tagged_hash("BIP0340/challenge", ser256_schnorr(R) + ser256_schnorr(P) + msg_hash_bytes))

    sig = ser256_schnorr(R), bytes_from_int((k + e * private_key_int) % n)
    return sig

```

**Tags:** script, signature, python, taproot, p2tr


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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_0 on 2023-01-17. Score: 1 | Accepted answer

I finally managed to understand what I was missing.

There were **2 errors** in the **witness** field:

1. I did not put the tapleaf lenght of S1 before tapleafS1
2. I did not put the control\_block's lenght before control block

Here is that part of the code corrected:

```
control_block = bytes([LEAF_VER[0] + parity_bit[0]]) + P + tap_leaf_s2 + tap_leaf_s3
len_control_block = ToolsUnit.calculate_varint(control_block.hex())

witness = witness_count + witness_sig_size + sig_hex + s1_len_hex + s1_hex + len_control_block + control_block.hex()

```


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