<p><em>TL;DR: If transaction volume explodes, Bitcoin is adopted for micro-payments, and the value of bitcoins increases sufficiently, we will need greater divisibility.</em></p>
<p>First of all, since there are 100,000,000 satoshi to a bitcoin, obviously one satoshi would be worth $0.01 if one bitcoin were valued at $1 million.</p>
<p>Further, <a href="https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/213/5406">tysat's answer</a> is based on the assumption that there are no use-cases for payments smaller than a cent.</p>
<p>I don't believe that it is a valid assumption to make:<br />
Next to there being other currencies with subunits of smaller value than $0.01, when one satoshi is worth $0.01, that would also be the smallest possible transaction fee one could attach! This would be prohibitively expensive for any micro-payment based business scheme, such as for example Bitcoin-based content paywalls, <a href="https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/24151/5406">direct internet traffic payments to ISPs</a>, or other automated micro-payment driven schemes: paying five cents to read an article, you'd have to add a 20% fee.</p>
<p>Now, such services could possibly move off-chain where further precision could be added, yet that would require users to have accounts for each of those services, and to tie up their resources unnecessarily, while reintroducing counter-party risk; essentially reverting a lot of the key selling points of Bitcoin!</p>
<p>Assuming that the Bitcoin protocol will develop to scale even beyond the transaction capacity of today's credit card systems as recently <a href="https://gist.github.com/gavinandresen/e20c3b5a1d4b97f79ac2" rel="nofollow noreferrer">suggested by Gavin Andresen</a>, it seems plausible that business ideas will appear to challenge even such transaction capacity. As those would though be prohibited by a minimal transaction fee of $0.01, we could see a push towards even smaller fees.</p>
<p>Should the above lead to a scenario where somebody finds uses for payments with a value of a tenth of a cent ($0.001), and transaction fees for that should be less than 10% of the payment's value, we'd need smaller subunits if one bitcoin becomes more valuable than $10,000. Since we already have breached $1,000 once, that doesn't sound impossible.</p>
<hr />
<p>Update 2017-03-23: AFAIU, adding further divisibility to Bitcoin would require a hard fork, and therefore is not something that will simply manifest. If necessary, it would require a massive overhaul of all software currently used in the Bitcoin ecosphere. On the other hand, Lightning actually already implemented support for sub-satoshi payments.</p>
<p>Update 2018-05-17: Lightning uses millisatoshi to account for channel balances, adding another three magnitudes of precision. Payouts on the blockchain are rounded as the precision there is only to the satoshi.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2014-10-22T12:41:57.627Z
2023-11-06T15:28:06.953Z
2023-11-06T15:28:06.953Z
Murch
<p>As the Bitcoin Wiki <a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Weaknesses#Coin_destruction" rel="noreferrer">explains</a> on &quot;Coin Destruction&quot;:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Bitcoin has 2.1 quadrillion raw units, making up 8 decimals of BTC precision, so the entire network could potentially operate on much less than the full quantity of Bitcoins. If deflation gets to the point where transactions of more than 10 BTC are unheard of, clients can just switch to another unit so that, for example, it shows 10 mBTC rather than 0.01 BTC.</p>
<p><strong>The maximum number of raw units might not be enough if the <em>entire world</em> starts using BTC, but it would not be too difficult to increase precision in that case.</strong> The transaction format and version number would be scheduled to change at some particular block number after a year or two, and everyone would have to update by then.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Doing some rough calculations, one can see that it might be the case that complete universal adoption of the Bitcoin could result in equivalent values of 1 (future) satoshi = $1 (current) USD.</p>
<pre><code>  total_bitcoins / population * (satoshis/BTC)
= 21e6           / 7e9        * 1e8
= 300000 satoshis/person
</code></pre>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-10-30T11:17:30.447Z
Nice formatting and supplementary information, but the answer is missing a conclusion concerning the question whether or not further divisibility will be needed.
Murch
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-11-06T21:11:33.863Z
is changing the "transaction format and version number" something that would require a hard fork?
hedgedandlevered
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-10-30T07:58:20.007Z
2014-10-30T07:58:20.007Z
2020-06-16T11:10:03.350Z
Mateen Ulhaq
<blockquote>
  <p>Will there <em>ever</em> be a need to create a unit of Bitcoin smaller than a Satoshi?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Actually, the correct answer is depended on meaning of "<em>ever</em>" in your question. If you are trying to look far away (e.g. more then one century), the answer <em>can</em> be "Yes, there will."</p>

<p>It <em>can</em> in case Bitcoin would spread as widely as seen by bitcoin evangelists.</p>

<p>Keeping in mind all known mankind history and the idea of bitcoin as "digital gold", we can notice that value of gold is raised constantly. This is a result of simple process: amount of goods and services that people can pay for increased quicker then amount of gold.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-09-01T00:30:18.653Z
Please don't get pedantic over the meanings of words like "ever" or "always" we understand what he means.
David Perry
CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-09-01T07:29:48.840Z
Yes, some times I can be a little bit pedantic since I'm software engineer =) But I just try to express a possible state market in the far far future... Let's say "*Global Solar System Market*" as it described by Robert A. Heinlein.
Maverick Crank GRey
CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-31T09:31:43.450Z
2011-08-31T09:31:43.450Z
Maverick Crank GRey
<p>1 Bitcoin is 100'000'000 satoshis (100 million). That makes 1 satoshi worth 1 USD cent when 1 Bitcoin is worth $1 million.</p>
<p>If 1 Bitcoin would be worth 1 million dollars, the market cap would be 21 trillion dollars, which is approximately as big as the USA GDP in 2019.</p>
<p>If bitcoin ever reaches that kind of market cap (210x increase in value from today's $4750), I'd say we should consider implementing smaller values, which can be done easily from programming perspective (we would just need to fork).</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-04-02T16:36:36.477Z
2023-11-06T15:24:13.090Z
2023-11-06T15:24:13.090Z
GChuf
<p>I don't think there will ever be a necessity to build support for smaller denominations into the actual Bitcoin code base. When the network caps out, Satoshis will most likely still represent a fraction of a cent or possibly up to a cent.</p>

<p>However, just like there are institutions you can go to with fiat money to make microtransactions, there will be such places for exchange when it comes to Bitcoin.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-31T06:46:39.360Z
2011-08-31T06:46:39.360Z
Nuri Hodges
<p>&quot;We will not need a smaller amount in satoshis.</p>
<p>The formula is as follows:
The world's GDP is around $100,562,000,000,000.
When divided by the maximum amount of BTC, which is 21,000,000, the result is 4,788,666.667</p>
<p>4,788,666.667 converted to 1 satoshi, which means (0.00000001 BTC), results is 0.04788666667 USD.</p>
<p>So, the maximum price of 1 satoshi will be 0.04788666667 USD.</p>
<p>That's why we don't need a smaller unit than satoshi.&quot;</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-08-31T12:58:12.083Z
2023-08-31T12:58:12.083Z
Said Habibie
<p>Yes.  I propose:</p>
<ol>
<li>Hashstoshi: 100 millionth on a Satoshi</li>
<li>Cashtoshi: 100 millionth of a Hashtoshi</li>
<li>Smashtoshi: 100 millionth of a Cashtoshi</li>
</ol>
<p>That should keep us good thru Christmas 30311
Backenveloping here of course. Don't call me a fool in 30288 if I forgot to carry a one , )</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-01-01T22:42:09.067Z
2021-01-01T22:42:09.067Z
Tamara Inphilly
<p>Be serious, if bitcoin reaches $100,000/bitcoin then the developers need to develop a hard fork to add at least another 3 digits below a satoshi for mining and transaction fees to become reasonable again. When Bitcoin reached over the $10,000 level, the transaction fee costs became over $10 regardless of the size of the coin transfer amount. The level of usage and asset appreciation of the cryptocurrency will determine what level of technology needs to be applied to make the asset viable in the future.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-04-02T08:40:08.190Z
2019-04-02T08:40:08.190Z
fturla ___
<p>It is very unlikely that anything smaller than a Satoshi will be needed.  I calculated about 52500 satoshis to $1 if all bitcoins have been mined and they are worth about $1900 each.</p>
<p>Even $1'000'000 per bitcoin would still put 1 satoshi at 1 cent.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-10-30T07:43:31.387Z
`total_bitcoins / population * satoshis/BTC) = 21e6 / 7e9 * 1e8 = 300000 satoshis/person`. Assuming a net worth of $300000/person, the smallest possible transaction would be a **whopping $1**. This is not a small enough division.
Mateen Ulhaq
CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-03-29T13:21:37.057Z
How is 1 cent (USD 0.01 I assume) a small enough "granularity" of a currency - even an electronic one? I't perfectly normal to book fractions of cents for small values. Just the exchange is rounded to cents.
Volker Siegel
CC BY-SA 4.0
2011-08-31T01:40:14.993Z
2023-11-06T15:19:31.747Z
2023-11-06T15:19:31.747Z
tysat
<p>Will there ever be a need to create a unit of Bitcoin smaller than a Satoshi?</p>

<p>See also: <a href="https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/114/what-is-a-satoshi">What is a 'Satoshi'?</a></p>

<economic-theory><bitcoin-economy><satoshi><divisibility>
Will we ever need smaller amounts of Bitcoin than a Satoshi?
ripper234
# Will we ever need smaller amounts of Bitcoin than a Satoshi?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2011-08-30)

Will there ever be a need to create a unit of Bitcoin smaller than a Satoshi?

See also: [What is a 'Satoshi'?](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/114/what-is-a-satoshi)

**Tags:** economic-theory, bitcoin-economy, satoshi, divisibility


---

## 9 answers

### Answer by username_11 on 2011-08-31. Score: 11 | Accepted answer

It is very unlikely that anything smaller than a Satoshi will be needed. I calculated about 52500 satoshis to $1 if all bitcoins have been mined and they are worth about $1900 each.

Even $1'000'000 per bitcoin would still put 1 satoshi at 1 cent.

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: `total_bitcoins / population * satoshis/BTC) = 21e6 / 7e9 * 1e8 = 300000 satoshis/person`. Assuming a net worth of $300000/person, the smallest possible transaction would be a **whopping $1**. This is not a small enough division.  
> **username_12**: How is 1 cent (USD 0.01 I assume) a small enough "granularity" of a currency - even an electronic one? I't perfectly normal to book fractions of cents for small values. Just the exchange is rounded to cents.  

---

### Answer by username_1 on 2014-10-22. Score: 15

*TL;DR: If transaction volume explodes, Bitcoin is adopted for micro-payments, and the value of bitcoins increases sufficiently, we will need greater divisibility.*

First of all, since there are 100,000,000 satoshi to a bitcoin, obviously one satoshi would be worth $0.01 if one bitcoin were valued at $1 million.

Further, [username_11's answer](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/213/5406) is based on the assumption that there are no use-cases for payments smaller than a cent.

I don't believe that it is a valid assumption to make:  
Next to there being other currencies with subunits of smaller value than $0.01, when one satoshi is worth $0.01, that would also be the smallest possible transaction fee one could attach! This would be prohibitively expensive for any micro-payment based business scheme, such as for example Bitcoin-based content paywalls, [direct internet traffic payments to ISPs](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/24151/5406), or other automated micro-payment driven schemes: paying five cents to read an article, you'd have to add a 20% fee.

Now, such services could possibly move off-chain where further precision could be added, yet that would require users to have accounts for each of those services, and to tie up their resources unnecessarily, while reintroducing counter-party risk; essentially reverting a lot of the key selling points of Bitcoin!

Assuming that the Bitcoin protocol will develop to scale even beyond the transaction capacity of today's credit card systems as recently [suggested by Gavin Andresen](https://gist.github.com/gavinandresen/e20c3b5a1d4b97f79ac2), it seems plausible that business ideas will appear to challenge even such transaction capacity. As those would though be prohibited by a minimal transaction fee of $0.01, we could see a push towards even smaller fees.

Should the above lead to a scenario where somebody finds uses for payments with a value of a tenth of a cent ($0.001), and transaction fees for that should be less than 10% of the payment's value, we'd need smaller subunits if one bitcoin becomes more valuable than $10,000. Since we already have breached $1,000 once, that doesn't sound impossible.

---

Update 2017-03-23: AFAIU, adding further divisibility to Bitcoin would require a hard fork, and therefore is not something that will simply manifest. If necessary, it would require a massive overhaul of all software currently used in the Bitcoin ecosphere. On the other hand, Lightning actually already implemented support for sub-satoshi payments.

Update 2018-05-17: Lightning uses millisatoshi to account for channel balances, adding another three magnitudes of precision. Payouts on the blockchain are rounded as the precision there is only to the satoshi.


---

### Answer by username_2 on 2014-10-30. Score: 6

As the Bitcoin Wiki [explains](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Weaknesses#Coin_destruction) on "Coin Destruction":

> Bitcoin has 2.1 quadrillion raw units, making up 8 decimals of BTC precision, so the entire network could potentially operate on much less than the full quantity of Bitcoins. If deflation gets to the point where transactions of more than 10 BTC are unheard of, clients can just switch to another unit so that, for example, it shows 10 mBTC rather than 0.01 BTC.
>
> **The maximum number of raw units might not be enough if the *entire world* starts using BTC, but it would not be too difficult to increase precision in that case.** The transaction format and version number would be scheduled to change at some particular block number after a year or two, and everyone would have to update by then.

Doing some rough calculations, one can see that it might be the case that complete universal adoption of the Bitcoin could result in equivalent values of 1 (future) satoshi = $1 (current) USD.

```
  total_bitcoins / population * (satoshis/BTC)
= 21e6           / 7e9        * 1e8
= 300000 satoshis/person

```

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Nice formatting and supplementary information, but the answer is missing a conclusion concerning the question whether or not further divisibility will be needed.  
> **username_3**: is changing the "transaction format and version number" something that would require a hard fork?  

---

### Answer by username_4 on 2011-08-31. Score: 1

> Will there *ever* be a need to create a unit of Bitcoin smaller than a Satoshi?

Actually, the correct answer is depended on meaning of "*ever*" in your question. If you are trying to look far away (e.g. more then one century), the answer *can* be "Yes, there will."

It *can* in case Bitcoin would spread as widely as seen by bitcoin evangelists.

Keeping in mind all known mankind history and the idea of bitcoin as "digital gold", we can notice that value of gold is raised constantly. This is a result of simple process: amount of goods and services that people can pay for increased quicker then amount of gold.

> **Comments:**
> **username_5**: Please don't get pedantic over the meanings of words like "ever" or "always" we understand what he means.  
> **username_4**: Yes, some times I can be a little bit pedantic since I'm software engineer =) But I just try to express a possible state market in the far far future... Let's say "*Global Solar System Market*" as it described by Robert A. Heinlein.  

---

### Answer by username_6 on 2019-04-02. Score: 1

1 Bitcoin is 100'000'000 satoshis (100 million). That makes 1 satoshi worth 1 USD cent when 1 Bitcoin is worth $1 million.

If 1 Bitcoin would be worth 1 million dollars, the market cap would be 21 trillion dollars, which is approximately as big as the USA GDP in 2019.

If bitcoin ever reaches that kind of market cap (210x increase in value from today's $4750), I'd say we should consider implementing smaller values, which can be done easily from programming perspective (we would just need to fork).


---

### Answer by username_7 on 2011-08-31. Score: 0

I don't think there will ever be a necessity to build support for smaller denominations into the actual Bitcoin code base. When the network caps out, Satoshis will most likely still represent a fraction of a cent or possibly up to a cent.

However, just like there are institutions you can go to with fiat money to make microtransactions, there will be such places for exchange when it comes to Bitcoin.


---

### Answer by username_8 on 2023-08-31. Score: 0

"We will not need a smaller amount in satoshis.

The formula is as follows:
The world's GDP is around $100,562,000,000,000.
When divided by the maximum amount of BTC, which is 21,000,000, the result is 4,788,666.667

4,788,666.667 converted to 1 satoshi, which means (0.00000001 BTC), results is 0.04788666667 USD.

So, the maximum price of 1 satoshi will be 0.04788666667 USD.

That's why we don't need a smaller unit than satoshi."


---

### Answer by username_9 on 2021-01-01. Score: -1

Yes. I propose:

1. Hashstoshi: 100 millionth on a Satoshi
2. Cashtoshi: 100 millionth of a Hashtoshi
3. Smashtoshi: 100 millionth of a Cashtoshi

That should keep us good thru Christmas 30311
Backenveloping here of course. Don't call me a fool in 30288 if I forgot to carry a one , )


---

### Answer by username_10 on 2019-04-02. Score: -2

Be serious, if bitcoin reaches $100,000/bitcoin then the developers need to develop a hard fork to add at least another 3 digits below a satoshi for mining and transaction fees to become reasonable again. When Bitcoin reached over the $10,000 level, the transaction fee costs became over $10 regardless of the size of the coin transfer amount. The level of usage and asset appreciation of the cryptocurrency will determine what level of technology needs to be applied to make the asset viable in the future.


---

