<p>It may be practical to use a miner to provide <em>some</em> of the heat for your home, bringing some miners into your home during the cooler months and moving them elsewhere during summer.</p>
<p>It's pretty much 100% efficient at converting electric energy into heat energy.  (vs. a heat pump being about 300% efficient<sup>1</sup>, moving existing heat from outdoors as well).  Even a lightbulb that turns <em>some</em> power into visible light will ultimately heat the room when that light is absorbed by the walls.  (Unless some light escapes out windows).  A fan moves air, but that air movement energy ultimately ends up as heat unless the moving air goes out a window.  More-ordered (low entropy) forms of energy naturally convert to high-entropy non-concentrated heat; heating a room is one time the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics" rel="noreferrer">2nd law of thermodynamics</a> is on your side.  (However, the 2nd law is why heat wants to flow from your warm house to the cold outdoors; that's why you insulate your walls.)  TL:DR: pretty much any form of energy can efficiently turn into heat.</p>
<p><strong>Footnote 1:</strong> Modern heat pumps often have something like 330% efficiency when not too cold outside. According to this Canadian government <a href="https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy-efficiency/energy-star-canada/about-energy-star-canada/energy-star-announcements/publications/heating-cooling-heat-pump/air-source-heat-pumps/6831" rel="noreferrer">page about heat pumps</a>, air source heat pumps typically achieve a 3.3 ratio of heat out to input power at 10°C (cool day), or 2.3 at -8.3°C (well below freezing).</p>
<p>So they're about 230 to 300% efficient most of the year.  vs. 100% for a fully indoor space heater or computing equipment.  Using electric power to run a miner instead of a heat pump is an opportunity cost, if it would be possible to install a heat pump.  So the coins you mine have an opportunity cost: you could have gotten more heat for the same power input.</p>
<hr />
<p><strong>But if you were going to be using electricity to do any mining at all, using the heat output for something useful is good, when possible.</strong>  If the alternative is putting your mining rig in an uninsulated shed or something <em>and</em> still needing to heat your home, that's worse than having some mining power heating part of your house.</p>
<p><strong>As others have pointed out, you wouldn't want to try to provide <em>all</em> the heating via mining</strong>: heating needs are highly variable (depending on weather, sunlight through the windows, and other heat sources like using your oven for cooking), but you normally want your bitcoin mining to be on all the time.  (To pay for the initial investment of buying the expensive hardware which costs <em>much</em> more than a dumb space heater; basically just some resistive wire that you put voltage across.)</p>
<p>The amount of mining power you can have indoors in a given month without causing a problem is approximately the best case (smallest) amount of heating that you'll need at any time that month.  The rest of the heating load should come from thermostat-controlled regular heating, like a heat pump, oil or gas, or worst case dumb electric heat that just gets hot.  (And hopefully that heating system distributes heat around your home better than a miner in one spot, modulo whatever air circulation you arrange to move the mining heat around.)</p>
<p>This &quot;safe&quot; amount of mining might be a few hundred watts, again depending on the month and the size of your home, and if you can hook it up to an existing air circulation mechanism to distribute heat around instead of making one room hot.</p>
<p>If you had more mining power indoors, you'd need some of it on a thermostat, to shut itself down when the room gets above human-desired temperature.  (Or put it in an uninsulated basement where it keeps your floors warm, but lots of extra heat can just escape into the ground.  Or in the winter, an attic.)</p>
<p>If you have some older less-efficient miners, setting up your computer to stop those first when the temperature rises could make sense.  You wouldn't want to buy a lot of mining hardware that would only be on part of the time; that wouldn't be worth the investment.  But some semi-obsolete gear could be worth running if the power was effectively cheaper (because you need the heat anyway, and don't have a heat pump).</p>
<p>Bitcoin mining is arguably not a great thing to dump a lot of electrical power into (for environmental reasons), so I'm certainly not suggesting trying to max out your mining by using it to heat your house.  Especially if you can get a heat pump instead, and/or your local area doesn't have more renewable energy than it can use (so extra power use means more oil or coal being burned somewhere).</p>
<p>But if you do want to mine anyway, use some of that waste heat in the winter.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T16:52:34.943Z
2020-12-19T16:52:34.943Z
Peter Cordes
<h1>Heat Quality</h1>
<p>Not all heat is the same.  The earth maintains a fairly constant average of 10 C near the surface, but you can't boil water with that.  So the <em>temperature</em> of your heater makes a big difference for the uses you can apply it.  If you want your hot water to get to 50 C, but your ASIC miner only generates 40 C of heat, then you are in for a tepid shower at best.  On the other hand, if you integrated your bitcoin miners with your HVAC/water heater, you could avoid venting the excess heat.  Since your cold water input will almost certainly be much colder than your miners, you can always pre-heat your water with miners, and basically put all your waste heat to good use.</p>
<p>A typical water heater consumes around 12 kWh/day (4 kW x 3 hours).  A small miner consumes about 1.2 kW.  So in 10 hours, it will generate as much thermal energy as your water heater, more or less.  Unless you take a lot of really hot showers/laundry/wash dishes, you should probably buddy up with a neighbor (more convenient in an apartment/condo) to share the excess heat.  Of course, you aren't going to make much money with a single miner, but perhaps you could reduce your water heating bill slightly (by investing thousands of dollars in a miner...not really a smart investment).</p>
<p>A room electric heater might consume 1.5 kW and run for 4-6 hours per day, for a usage of 6-9 kWh.  That's another 6-7 hours of mining, so you might be able to heat your whole small apartment on one miner.</p>
<h1>Return on Investment</h1>
<p>For about $1200 you can get an Antminer R4 and 8.6 TH/s at 1.3 kW of power.  Your expected Bitcoin revenue for the year with this rig is about $500.  If you are able to replace 1.3 kW of electric heating in your home with this rig, you will basically earn $500/yr. towards your electric bill (which is expected to be higher, unless you live in an area with very cheap electricity).  It should pay for itself in about 2.5 years (not counting all the work of replacing your heating system with the mining rig, which is probably more expensive than the miner itself).</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T21:05:23.507Z
2020-12-19T21:05:23.507Z
Lawnmower Man
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Can a bitcoin miner be a good subtitute to a modern heather with the same power consumption ?</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>A Bitcoin mining rig lacks certain features that are fairly desirable in a room heater. The main one is a thermostat. Even if it did, this would mean you would have to throttle back your Bitcoin miner as the room reaches some desired temperature. You would also need to do less mining in the summer than in winter. Whether reduced mining activity in those situations is acceptable is up to you, of course.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>If someone want to heat a room or some water</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Heating water is typically a very different proposition. If, for example, you wanted to boil water to make tea, a Bitcoin miner would probably be a very bad place to start.</p>
<hr />
<p>Although a Bitcoin miner will make a room hot, it isn't going to be particularly good for anything other than what it was designed for.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T15:57:40.973Z
In a cold climate, you'd want some heating most of the year.  You could imagine moving your mining rig outside your home during the hot months.  If you want to mine at all (instead of running an efficient heat pump or using oil or gas heat), having some of your mining heat output in your home during winter makes sense.  Little enough that it won't get too hot if you turn off your other heating during a warm winter day.  e.g. some mining heat could just make your regular thermostat-controlled heaters come on less often.  And put some in an uninsulated basement that cools itself.
Peter Cordes
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T16:02:55.917Z
If you want to reduce the amount you spend on heat that doesn't come from mining, you'd have to be willing to throttle the mining somewhat on less-cold winter days,  e.g. if you have an older less-efficient miner, that would be the one to shut down first as the temperature reaches the upper end of desired room temp.  If the control computer has a temperature sensor, software could do this automatically.
Peter Cordes
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-20T06:27:01.053Z
In my experience with using BOINC and Folding@Home to heat my computer room, you don't need precision control of temperature.
Mark
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T14:06:26.027Z
2020-12-20T07:28:32.083Z
2020-12-20T07:28:32.083Z
RedGrittyBrick
<p>Yes, it is possible to use the waste heat of a bitcoin miner (or any other computing device or other machinery) to heat your living space.</p>
<p>The plan has some drawbacks and limitations:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>The temperature:
These devices are efficient when they get like ~20C at the inlet and heat air to less than 40C. Trying to make them work at higher temperature may limit their clock frequency and/or useful life. This leads us to:</p>
</li>
<li><p>Noise:
You cannot put the miner much further away from the living space. It has to be inside or near (with air ducts). You'll get all the noise. They make a lot of noise.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Control:
Unless you are living in some very cold place, you will need to control the heat output from 0 to some value related to your house. There are few methods, but all of them require lowering the mining output. This means lowering the return of investment (and mining is actually quite competitive, so you will end up losing money).</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Another variant is to redirect the excessive heat output somewhere else (i.e. outside). Or use the normal means of heating and only supplement it with the miners (if you have a large house and few mining devices)..</p>
<ol start="4">
<li>Dust
These devices require relatively clean environment, or they collect dust. Dust makes them overheat or makes you periodically disassemble and clean them.</li>
</ol>
<p>What I did in a similar situation:
I had to host few servers at home for a while.
They ended up in the garage under the house. The heat they generated was beneficial for heating the whole house. The floor was +5..+7C, the noise didn't penetrate the floor and the dust was manageable.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-20T10:43:18.727Z
2020-12-20T10:43:18.727Z
fraxinus
<p>I highly doubt it. Modern miners nowadays are designed so that they don’t emit too much heat such that they breakdown/ malfunction.</p>
<p>Whilst it is true that they generate a lot of heat, the way in which one could use this as a heating appliance beats me. The engineering required to extract the circuitry and use it as a heating filament is likely to damage the mining equipment as- could become prone to water damage, and- taking it out of its specified structure could cause it to overheat. The remaining air produced from the fan would likely not be as hot as the component due to the law of thermodynamics</p>
<p>Lastly, the degree to which the equipment becomes hot depends on the power drawn, the hash rate, the air humidity and temperature, degradation over time, air impurities etc.</p>
<p>So to summarise, no you can’t heat things with your mining equipment. It would likely damage it and the things you’re heating. And you wouldn’t achieve the outcome you’d desire also.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T00:56:47.373Z
I was interpreting the question as asking about using it as indoor air heating, not as in cooking or anything outputting high temperature.
Pieter Wuille
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T22:56:25.420Z
Why would any engineering be required at all?
Daniel Wagner
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-04-28T16:07:37.903Z
Whilst the OP has already mentioned that they're not talking about using it to hear water, I was saying that engineering would be needed as you wouldn't just plonk a pot of water on top of your mining rig to boil.
Hamish Gibson
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T00:06:34.670Z
2020-12-19T00:06:34.670Z
Hamish Gibson
<p>You are incorrect. It doesn't matter how efficient miners are at mining. Watts in=watts out in heat energy. Some of the most efficient new miners use around 3000 watts. This is equal to 10,236 BTUs. That is only 1 miner. The average newer house in a cold climate only needs 20 BTUs per SQ ft. A few of these is enough to heat your entire house. The point about disassembling them and rewiring then to produce heat is certainly not necessary. They can be placed in a completely sealed room in the basement. The return duct of your central heating system can run into this room, the return duct from your furnace can run to the other side of this room.  When there is a call for heat you can have the furnace blower come on without the burner. This will suck all of the heat out of this room and distribute it to each room in the house at the same time bringing all of the cooler air back to this room through the return duct coming from the house. You will also need an exhaust fan and fresh air fan in this room. When there is no call for heat, and the room is above 77 degrees the fans will come on to keep the room at 77 until there is another call for heat. You can even take it one step further and install a heat pump water heater in that room. It will absorb the free heat and use it to heat your water. Making money and getting free heat/hot water!</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-05-14T22:30:44.107Z
2021-05-14T22:30:44.107Z
Jason Fayock
<p>A device that consumes N watts of power (and doesn't output electricity or some other form of energy) will eventually produce N joules of heat per second.</p>
<p>Thus, if your goal is converting electricity to heat, every piece of hardware that consumes electricity is 100% efficient. It's completely irrelevant what happens with that electricity before it becomes heat.</p>
<p>Of course, you need to take hardware depreciation/maintenance costs into account.</p>
<p>Also of note: as heating devices, heat pumps have over 100% efficiency, as they simultaneously consume electricity (which is turned into heat) and move additional heat from a colder area to a hotter one.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T15:43:42.553Z
A light bulb is a decent example of a device that outputs some of the incoming energy in a different form than heat.  If some of the light makes it out a window, that part will escape your house without eventually being absorbed indoors and turning into heat indoors.
Peter Cordes
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T15:52:11.380Z
And BTW, modern heat pumps often have something like 330% efficiency when not too cold outside. (https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy-efficiency/energy-star-canada/about-energy-star-canada/energy-star-announcements/publications/heating-cooling-heat-pump/air-source-heat-pumps/6831 - air source heat pumps typically achieve a 3.3 ratio of heat out to input power at 10°C (cool day), or 2.3 at -8.3°C (well below freezing)).  So it's not just *over 100%*, it's *much* over. Heating your house in winter with some bitcoin mining costs a lot more total electricity, so the coins you mine are not nearly free.
Peter Cordes
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T23:51:01.090Z
I have some issues with your point in the first and second paragraph. Surely some of the energy will be converted to electrical energy and not thermal energy. The mining equipment, outputs electrical energy and thermal energy. Not only and all thermal energy. Furthermore, no piece of equipment is entirely 100% efficient either.
Hamish Gibson
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T23:52:48.000Z
How would it output electrical energy?
Pieter Wuille
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-20T00:23:41.323Z
@HamishGibson: True, it will radiate a tiny bit of energy as radio-frequency emissions, from switching in the electronics.  Shielding will absorb most of those, i.e. turn that energy into currents in metal which will produce heat via Ohm's law.  Some of the energy that escapes the immediate device will be absorbed in your walls.  Of course, in English we don't normally call that "electrical energy" - that refers to voltage x charge (and power = voltage x current), not electromagnetic radiation.
Peter Cordes
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-20T14:19:19.380Z
@PeterCordes isn't light heat? Specifically, isn't it thermal radiation?
Eric Duminil
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-20T14:21:25.457Z
@PeterCordes also, there's no such thing as >100% efficiency in thermodynamics. You're talking about "coefficient of performance", which isn't an efficiency, and is thus allowed to be over 100%.
Eric Duminil
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-20T18:10:47.273Z
@EricDuminil: No, heat energy is [vibration / kinetic energy of *matter*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat#Microscopic_view).  Heat is closely associated with infrared electromagnetic radiation, but the later is a way for heat to *transfer* via blackbody radiation.  (Thanks for the terminology correction about what the 330% is for heat pumps.)
Peter Cordes
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-20T18:52:24.980Z
@PeterCordes: Oh dear. This description on Wikipedia is very confusing, and your summary is downright wrong. Please don't share it on stackexchange, there are enough people using heat, internal energy and temperature interchangeably already. Heat is a process function, and cannot be used when referring to a body. Finally, a light bulb is pretty much emitting blackbody radiation, part of which is in visible sprectrum, part of which is infrared.
Eric Duminil
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-20T19:34:30.050Z
@EricDuminil: Hmm, yeah I didn't really like what I found on wiki, but linked it anyway.  Now that you mention it, probably I'm conflating heat with temperature related things, which is IIRC classically defined as average kinetic energy of particles.  Thanks again for the correction on "heat" as technical terminology.  I think what I was describing (kinetic energy of particles) would be related to internal energy (the average of which is temperature)?  As for lights, I had in mind in my first comment in this thread an LED bulb, so most of the electromagnetic energy coming out is visible range.
Peter Cordes
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-21T13:36:39.697Z
@PieterWuille It would also transmit electrical energy whenever it sends a packet down its network connection - something you'd have to do quite often, in order to mine bitcoin.
nick012000
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-21T14:53:59.170Z
@PeterCordes Yes, you described internal energy, temperature and heat correctly in your last comment. Okay for LED bulbs. The light isn't linked to blackbody radiation, but I think it can still be considered to be heat (see https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/261317/148854)
Eric Duminil
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-21T14:54:52.500Z
@user253751: Sorry about that. Pedantry is pretty much required for thermodynamics, so I'll take your comment as a compliment. :D
Eric Duminil
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-22T00:19:18.510Z
@nick012000 I wonder, how much energy per packet are we talking about here? I'll be generous here - let's assume fiber optic.
John Dvorak
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-22T09:27:35.597Z
@JohnDvorak According to this document (https://www.netgear.com/images/datasheet/mobile/LB1110.pdf), a 4g LTE modem has a power consumption of 12 W (12 V * 1 A). How much of that winds up as radio signals and transmitted out of the house, I'm not certain.
nick012000
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T00:04:39.623Z
2020-12-19T00:40:25.487Z
2020-12-19T00:40:25.487Z
Pieter Wuille
<p>If someone want to heat a room or some water for a defined amount of time and without a worry about the sound produced.</p>
<p>Can a bitcoin miner be a good subtitute to a modern heather with the same power consumption ?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-19T11:38:42.627Z
I'd rather have a heater that makes heat and money, than a heater that just makes heat.
chytrik
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-21T12:51:11.217Z
Makes me remember about some startup product that never went to market... for instance
https://npkdesign.com/project/nerdalize/
https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/2/15728232/using-servers-to-heat-homes-nerdalize
linceaerian
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-21T14:10:20.940Z
[Possibly related](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WLIm4XLPAE). It's a Linus Tech Tips video where they hooked a radiator up to a gaming PC to see if it would do anything
MindSwipe
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-21T21:15:28.297Z
another company that was trying to commercialise these appliances was called [Qarnot](https://qarnot.com/en/home/).
craq
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-12-22T09:46:03.797Z
Before you implement any amazing ideas, watch this video: https://youtu.be/fr8bp8a2QS4
CodeAngry
<mining-profitability><mining-hardware>
Does bitcoin miner heat as much as a heater
Saxtheowl
# Does bitcoin miner heat as much as a heater

(Asked by: username_0 on 2020-12-18)

If someone want to heat a room or some water for a defined amount of time and without a worry about the sound produced.

Can a bitcoin miner be a good subtitute to a modern heather with the same power consumption ?

**Tags:** mining-profitability, mining-hardware

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: I'd rather have a heater that makes heat and money, than a heater that just makes heat.  
> **username_2**: Makes me remember about some startup product that never went to market... for instance https://npkdesign.com/project/nerdalize/ https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/2/15728232/using-servers-to-heat-homes-nerdalize  
> **username_3**: [Possibly related](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WLIm4XLPAE). It's a Linus Tech Tips video where they hooked a radiator up to a gaming PC to see if it would do anything  
> **username_4**: another company that was trying to commercialise these appliances was called [Qarnot](https://qarnot.com/en/home/).  
> **username_5**: Before you implement any amazing ideas, watch this video: https://youtu.be/fr8bp8a2QS4  

---

## 7 answers

### Answer by username_12 on 2020-12-19. Score: 30 | Accepted answer

A device that consumes N watts of power (and doesn't output electricity or some other form of energy) will eventually produce N joules of heat per second.

Thus, if your goal is converting electricity to heat, every piece of hardware that consumes electricity is 100% efficient. It's completely irrelevant what happens with that electricity before it becomes heat.

Of course, you need to take hardware depreciation/maintenance costs into account.

Also of note: as heating devices, heat pumps have over 100% efficiency, as they simultaneously consume electricity (which is turned into heat) and move additional heat from a colder area to a hotter one.

> **Comments:**
> **username_6**: A light bulb is a decent example of a device that outputs some of the incoming energy in a different form than heat.  If some of the light makes it out a window, that part will escape your house without eventually being absorbed indoors and turning into heat indoors.  
> **username_6**: And BTW, modern heat pumps often have something like 330% efficiency when not too cold outside. (https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy-efficiency/energy-star-canada/about-energy-star-canada/energy-star-announcements/publications/heating-cooling-heat-pump/air-source-heat-pumps/6831 - air source heat pumps typically achieve a 3.3 ratio of heat out to input power at 10°C (cool day), or 2.3 at -8.3°C (well below freezing)).  So it's not just *over 100%*, it's *much* over. Heating your house in winter with some bitcoin mining costs a lot more total electricity, so the coins you mine are not nearly free.  
> **username_11**: I have some issues with your point in the first and second paragraph. Surely some of the energy will be converted to electrical energy and not thermal energy. The mining equipment, outputs electrical energy and thermal energy. Not only and all thermal energy. Furthermore, no piece of equipment is entirely 100% efficient either.  
> **username_12**: How would it output electrical energy?  
> **username_6**: @username_11: True, it will radiate a tiny bit of energy as radio-frequency emissions, from switching in the electronics.  Shielding will absorb most of those, i.e. turn that energy into currents in metal which will produce heat via Ohm's law.  Some of the energy that escapes the immediate device will be absorbed in your walls.  Of course, in English we don't normally call that "electrical energy" - that refers to voltage x charge (and power = voltage x current), not electromagnetic radiation.  
> **username_15**: @username_6 isn't light heat? Specifically, isn't it thermal radiation?  
> **username_15**: @username_6 also, there's no such thing as >100% efficiency in thermodynamics. You're talking about "coefficient of performance", which isn't an efficiency, and is thus allowed to be over 100%.  
> **username_6**: @username_15: No, heat energy is [vibration / kinetic energy of *matter*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat#Microscopic_view).  Heat is closely associated with infrared electromagnetic radiation, but the later is a way for heat to *transfer* via blackbody radiation.  (Thanks for the terminology correction about what the 330% is for heat pumps.)  
> **username_15**: @username_6: Oh dear. This description on Wikipedia is very confusing, and your summary is downright wrong. Please don't share it on stackexchange, there are enough people using heat, internal energy and temperature interchangeably already. Heat is a process function, and cannot be used when referring to a body. Finally, a light bulb is pretty much emitting blackbody radiation, part of which is in visible sprectrum, part of which is infrared.  
> **username_6**: @username_15: Hmm, yeah I didn't really like what I found on wiki, but linked it anyway.  Now that you mention it, probably I'm conflating heat with temperature related things, which is IIRC classically defined as average kinetic energy of particles.  Thanks again for the correction on "heat" as technical terminology.  I think what I was describing (kinetic energy of particles) would be related to internal energy (the average of which is temperature)?  As for lights, I had in mind in my first comment in this thread an LED bulb, so most of the electromagnetic energy coming out is visible range.  
> **username_16**: @username_12 It would also transmit electrical energy whenever it sends a packet down its network connection - something you'd have to do quite often, in order to mine bitcoin.  
> **username_15**: @username_6 Yes, you described internal energy, temperature and heat correctly in your last comment. Okay for LED bulbs. The light isn't linked to blackbody radiation, but I think it can still be considered to be heat (see https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/261317/148854)  
> **username_15**: @user253751: Sorry about that. Pedantry is pretty much required for thermodynamics, so I'll take your comment as a compliment. :D  
> **username_17**: @username_16 I wonder, how much energy per packet are we talking about here? I'll be generous here - let's assume fiber optic.  
> **username_16**: @username_17 According to this document (https://www.netgear.com/images/datasheet/mobile/LB1110.pdf), a 4g LTE modem has a power consumption of 12 W (12 V * 1 A). How much of that winds up as radio signals and transmitted out of the house, I'm not certain.  

---

### Answer by username_6 on 2020-12-19. Score: 12

It may be practical to use a miner to provide *some* of the heat for your home, bringing some miners into your home during the cooler months and moving them elsewhere during summer.

It's pretty much 100% efficient at converting electric energy into heat energy. (vs. a heat pump being about 300% efficient1, moving existing heat from outdoors as well). Even a lightbulb that turns *some* power into visible light will ultimately heat the room when that light is absorbed by the walls. (Unless some light escapes out windows). A fan moves air, but that air movement energy ultimately ends up as heat unless the moving air goes out a window. More-ordered (low entropy) forms of energy naturally convert to high-entropy non-concentrated heat; heating a room is one time the [2nd law of thermodynamics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics) is on your side. (However, the 2nd law is why heat wants to flow from your warm house to the cold outdoors; that's why you insulate your walls.) TL:DR: pretty much any form of energy can efficiently turn into heat.

**Footnote 1:** Modern heat pumps often have something like 330% efficiency when not too cold outside. According to this Canadian government [page about heat pumps](https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy-efficiency/energy-star-canada/about-energy-star-canada/energy-star-announcements/publications/heating-cooling-heat-pump/air-source-heat-pumps/6831), air source heat pumps typically achieve a 3.3 ratio of heat out to input power at 10°C (cool day), or 2.3 at -8.3°C (well below freezing).

So they're about 230 to 300% efficient most of the year. vs. 100% for a fully indoor space heater or computing equipment. Using electric power to run a miner instead of a heat pump is an opportunity cost, if it would be possible to install a heat pump. So the coins you mine have an opportunity cost: you could have gotten more heat for the same power input.

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**But if you were going to be using electricity to do any mining at all, using the heat output for something useful is good, when possible.** If the alternative is putting your mining rig in an uninsulated shed or something *and* still needing to heat your home, that's worse than having some mining power heating part of your house.

**As others have pointed out, you wouldn't want to try to provide *all* the heating via mining**: heating needs are highly variable (depending on weather, sunlight through the windows, and other heat sources like using your oven for cooking), but you normally want your bitcoin mining to be on all the time. (To pay for the initial investment of buying the expensive hardware which costs *much* more than a dumb space heater; basically just some resistive wire that you put voltage across.)

The amount of mining power you can have indoors in a given month without causing a problem is approximately the best case (smallest) amount of heating that you'll need at any time that month. The rest of the heating load should come from thermostat-controlled regular heating, like a heat pump, oil or gas, or worst case dumb electric heat that just gets hot. (And hopefully that heating system distributes heat around your home better than a miner in one spot, modulo whatever air circulation you arrange to move the mining heat around.)

This "safe" amount of mining might be a few hundred watts, again depending on the month and the size of your home, and if you can hook it up to an existing air circulation mechanism to distribute heat around instead of making one room hot.

If you had more mining power indoors, you'd need some of it on a thermostat, to shut itself down when the room gets above human-desired temperature. (Or put it in an uninsulated basement where it keeps your floors warm, but lots of extra heat can just escape into the ground. Or in the winter, an attic.)

If you have some older less-efficient miners, setting up your computer to stop those first when the temperature rises could make sense. You wouldn't want to buy a lot of mining hardware that would only be on part of the time; that wouldn't be worth the investment. But some semi-obsolete gear could be worth running if the power was effectively cheaper (because you need the heat anyway, and don't have a heat pump).

Bitcoin mining is arguably not a great thing to dump a lot of electrical power into (for environmental reasons), so I'm certainly not suggesting trying to max out your mining by using it to heat your house. Especially if you can get a heat pump instead, and/or your local area doesn't have more renewable energy than it can use (so extra power use means more oil or coal being burned somewhere).

But if you do want to mine anyway, use some of that waste heat in the winter.


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### Answer by username_7 on 2020-12-19. Score: 7

# Heat Quality

Not all heat is the same. The earth maintains a fairly constant average of 10 C near the surface, but you can't boil water with that. So the *temperature* of your heater makes a big difference for the uses you can apply it. If you want your hot water to get to 50 C, but your ASIC miner only generates 40 C of heat, then you are in for a tepid shower at best. On the other hand, if you integrated your bitcoin miners with your HVAC/water heater, you could avoid venting the excess heat. Since your cold water input will almost certainly be much colder than your miners, you can always pre-heat your water with miners, and basically put all your waste heat to good use.

A typical water heater consumes around 12 kWh/day (4 kW x 3 hours). A small miner consumes about 1.2 kW. So in 10 hours, it will generate as much thermal energy as your water heater, more or less. Unless you take a lot of really hot showers/laundry/wash dishes, you should probably buddy up with a neighbor (more convenient in an apartment/condo) to share the excess heat. Of course, you aren't going to make much money with a single miner, but perhaps you could reduce your water heating bill slightly (by investing thousands of dollars in a miner...not really a smart investment).

A room electric heater might consume 1.5 kW and run for 4-6 hours per day, for a usage of 6-9 kWh. That's another 6-7 hours of mining, so you might be able to heat your whole small apartment on one miner.

# Return on Investment

For about $1200 you can get an Antminer R4 and 8.6 TH/s at 1.3 kW of power. Your expected Bitcoin revenue for the year with this rig is about $500. If you are able to replace 1.3 kW of electric heating in your home with this rig, you will basically earn $500/yr. towards your electric bill (which is expected to be higher, unless you live in an area with very cheap electricity). It should pay for itself in about 2.5 years (not counting all the work of replacing your heating system with the mining rig, which is probably more expensive than the miner itself).


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### Answer by username_8 on 2020-12-19. Score: 4

> **Can a bitcoin miner be a good subtitute to a modern heather with the same power consumption ?**

A Bitcoin mining rig lacks certain features that are fairly desirable in a room heater. The main one is a thermostat. Even if it did, this would mean you would have to throttle back your Bitcoin miner as the room reaches some desired temperature. You would also need to do less mining in the summer than in winter. Whether reduced mining activity in those situations is acceptable is up to you, of course.

> **If someone want to heat a room or some water**

Heating water is typically a very different proposition. If, for example, you wanted to boil water to make tea, a Bitcoin miner would probably be a very bad place to start.

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Although a Bitcoin miner will make a room hot, it isn't going to be particularly good for anything other than what it was designed for.

> **Comments:**
> **username_6**: In a cold climate, you'd want some heating most of the year.  You could imagine moving your mining rig outside your home during the hot months.  If you want to mine at all (instead of running an efficient heat pump or using oil or gas heat), having some of your mining heat output in your home during winter makes sense.  Little enough that it won't get too hot if you turn off your other heating during a warm winter day.  e.g. some mining heat could just make your regular thermostat-controlled heaters come on less often.  And put some in an uninsulated basement that cools itself.  
> **username_6**: If you want to reduce the amount you spend on heat that doesn't come from mining, you'd have to be willing to throttle the mining somewhat on less-cold winter days,  e.g. if you have an older less-efficient miner, that would be the one to shut down first as the temperature reaches the upper end of desired room temp.  If the control computer has a temperature sensor, software could do this automatically.  
> **username_9**: In my experience with using BOINC and Folding@Home to heat my computer room, you don't need precision control of temperature.  

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### Answer by username_10 on 2020-12-20. Score: 3

Yes, it is possible to use the waste heat of a bitcoin miner (or any other computing device or other machinery) to heat your living space.

The plan has some drawbacks and limitations:

1. The temperature:
   These devices are efficient when they get like ~20C at the inlet and heat air to less than 40C. Trying to make them work at higher temperature may limit their clock frequency and/or useful life. This leads us to:
2. Noise:
   You cannot put the miner much further away from the living space. It has to be inside or near (with air ducts). You'll get all the noise. They make a lot of noise.
3. Control:
   Unless you are living in some very cold place, you will need to control the heat output from 0 to some value related to your house. There are few methods, but all of them require lowering the mining output. This means lowering the return of investment (and mining is actually quite competitive, so you will end up losing money).

Another variant is to redirect the excessive heat output somewhere else (i.e. outside). Or use the normal means of heating and only supplement it with the miners (if you have a large house and few mining devices)..

4. Dust
   These devices require relatively clean environment, or they collect dust. Dust makes them overheat or makes you periodically disassemble and clean them.

What I did in a similar situation:
I had to host few servers at home for a while.
They ended up in the garage under the house. The heat they generated was beneficial for heating the whole house. The floor was +5..+7C, the noise didn't penetrate the floor and the dust was manageable.


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### Answer by username_11 on 2020-12-19. Score: 0

I highly doubt it. Modern miners nowadays are designed so that they don’t emit too much heat such that they breakdown/ malfunction.

Whilst it is true that they generate a lot of heat, the way in which one could use this as a heating appliance beats me. The engineering required to extract the circuitry and use it as a heating filament is likely to damage the mining equipment as- could become prone to water damage, and- taking it out of its specified structure could cause it to overheat. The remaining air produced from the fan would likely not be as hot as the component due to the law of thermodynamics

Lastly, the degree to which the equipment becomes hot depends on the power drawn, the hash rate, the air humidity and temperature, degradation over time, air impurities etc.

So to summarise, no you can’t heat things with your mining equipment. It would likely damage it and the things you’re heating. And you wouldn’t achieve the outcome you’d desire also.

> **Comments:**
> **username_12**: I was interpreting the question as asking about using it as indoor air heating, not as in cooking or anything outputting high temperature.  
> **username_13**: Why would any engineering be required at all?  
> **username_11**: Whilst the OP has already mentioned that they're not talking about using it to hear water, I was saying that engineering would be needed as you wouldn't just plonk a pot of water on top of your mining rig to boil.  

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### Answer by username_14 on 2021-05-14. Score: 0

You are incorrect. It doesn't matter how efficient miners are at mining. Watts in=watts out in heat energy. Some of the most efficient new miners use around 3000 watts. This is equal to 10,236 BTUs. That is only 1 miner. The average newer house in a cold climate only needs 20 BTUs per SQ ft. A few of these is enough to heat your entire house. The point about disassembling them and rewiring then to produce heat is certainly not necessary. They can be placed in a completely sealed room in the basement. The return duct of your central heating system can run into this room, the return duct from your furnace can run to the other side of this room. When there is a call for heat you can have the furnace blower come on without the burner. This will suck all of the heat out of this room and distribute it to each room in the house at the same time bringing all of the cooler air back to this room through the return duct coming from the house. You will also need an exhaust fan and fresh air fan in this room. When there is no call for heat, and the room is above 77 degrees the fans will come on to keep the room at 77 until there is another call for heat. You can even take it one step further and install a heat pump water heater in that room. It will absorb the free heat and use it to heat your water. Making money and getting free heat/hot water!


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