<p><strong>Yes.</strong> Bitcoin is the first trustless e-cash protocol, which solves the double-spend problem. If anyone else needs an academic source to back up this claim, there is at least this one:</p>

<p><em>Brito, Jerry ja Castillo, Andrea: Bitcoin: A primer for policymakers.
Mercatus Center at George Mason University, 2013</em></p>

<p><a href="https://www.mercatus.org/publication/bitcoin-primer-policymakers" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.mercatus.org/publication/bitcoin-primer-policymakers</a></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-11-28T16:31:48.443Z
2016-11-28T16:31:48.443Z
bkoodaa
<p>Is Bitcoin the first trustless e-cash scheme which solved the double-spend problem? I'm under the impression it is and that was one if its greatest contributions, but I couldn't really find a source to validate that claim. I know it's silly to ask for proof of something <em>not existing</em>, but I'm writing a thesis.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-10-11T21:55:43.947Z
The first that does it in a decentralised way, as far as i know. Preventing double spending with a centralized server is easy.
Jannes
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-10-22T14:59:40.097Z
@Jannes Not that easy. Starbucks was unable to do so and when someone told them after spending a few dollar twice to find out whether it's possible, they sued him instead of thanking him. Unfortunately, I can't find a link to an article about this because Google is full articles describing events in which people where able to steal money from Starbucks customers, not only from the company via double spending. Banks also have to be very careful about it and there have been problems where banks were unable to do their accounting correctly even though the are centralized entities.
UTF-8
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-10-23T21:03:26.313Z
@UTF-8 LOL. Yes, that's all very true. From free international phone calls in the 80ies phone booths to tapping a snackmachine in the right place to using your bankcard in 2 nearby ATMs in quick succession. Preventing double spending is indeed very hard. Imagine how decentralized is even harder.
Jannes
<doublespend><history>
Is Bitcoin the first e-cash scheme which solved the double-spend problem?
bkoodaa
# Is Bitcoin the first e-cash scheme which solved the double-spend problem?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-10-11)

Is Bitcoin the first trustless e-cash scheme which solved the double-spend problem? I'm under the impression it is and that was one if its greatest contributions, but I couldn't really find a source to validate that claim. I know it's silly to ask for proof of something *not existing*, but I'm writing a thesis.

**Tags:** doublespend, history

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: The first that does it in a decentralised way, as far as i know. Preventing double spending with a centralized server is easy.  
> **username_2**: @username_1 Not that easy. Starbucks was unable to do so and when someone told them after spending a few dollar twice to find out whether it's possible, they sued him instead of thanking him. Unfortunately, I can't find a link to an article about this because Google is full articles describing events in which people where able to steal money from Starbucks customers, not only from the company via double spending. Banks also have to be very careful about it and there have been problems where banks were unable to do their accounting correctly even though the are centralized entities.  
> **username_1**: @username_2 LOL. Yes, that's all very true. From free international phone calls in the 80ies phone booths to tapping a snackmachine in the right place to using your bankcard in 2 nearby ATMs in quick succession. Preventing double spending is indeed very hard. Imagine how decentralized is even harder.  

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_0 on 2016-11-28. Score: 0 | Accepted answer

**Yes.** Bitcoin is the first trustless e-cash protocol, which solves the double-spend problem. If anyone else needs an academic source to back up this claim, there is at least this one:

*Brito, Jerry ja Castillo, Andrea: Bitcoin: A primer for policymakers.
Mercatus Center at George Mason University, 2013*

<https://www.mercatus.org/publication/bitcoin-primer-policymakers>


---

