<p>This is still a fledgling currency. You can see how Bitcoin lacks credibility by listening to the <a href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2011/08/24/138673630/what-is-bitcoin" rel="nofollow">recent publication on NPR</a>. Overall there is a great deal of misinformation, and lack of credible citations.</p>

<p>Although, there are substantial <a href="http://www.ics.uci.edu/~yangwang/papers/CHI08-AuthorCopy.pdf" rel="nofollow">studies</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_economy" rel="nofollow">virtual currency</a>, there are no published studies from accredited sources concerning bitcoin proper.</p>

<p>It makes for a good economics thesis, there are plenty of hypotheses to explore!</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-30T21:48:20.897Z
ummm, can you expand on your answer to provide some content? This isn't really an answer as much as a comment in its current state. If you know of MMO studies (which are always fun) you should include citations to those. If the 'fledgling currency' part affects the credibility of bitcoin as a data source (which it does) then you should explain how. Otherwise this is not an answer and should be removed or moved to comments.
Artem Kaznatcheev
CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-30T21:58:31.573Z
edited my post to reflect Artem's wishes. Please let me know if you want more citation.
Alex Waters
CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-30T22:05:12.020Z
Kudos for the policing, I got excited to see the exchange in beta and have been posting like a mad man. So many questions to answer, not enough time - lol!
Alex Waters
CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-30T21:41:28.933Z
2011-08-30T21:58:05.740Z
2011-08-30T21:58:05.740Z
Alex Waters
<p>The fact that the blockchain records every single bitcoin transaction does mean that it would probably be possible to analyse the data to infer some real market information. </p>

<p><a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin_Days_Destroyed" rel="nofollow">Bitcoin days destroyed</a> is one metric made possible by the blockchain that could possibly be used to make some estimation of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_of_money" rel="nofollow">velocity of money</a></p>

<p>Similar tools and network analysis methods as used in the <a href="http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1107/1107.4524v1.pdf" rel="nofollow">Reid/Harrigan paper</a> on anonymity in the Bitcoin system could also be used to glean market information from the Bitcoin transaction record. One of the authors (Fergal Reid) of this paper discusses some of these possibilities in this <a href="https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=31662.msg494707#msg494707" rel="nofollow">forum post</a> on the bitcointalk.org site. One of the speculated ideas is that it could be possible to identify flows of bitcoins to the exchanges and thus be possibly able to predict if a sell-off is imminent based on a larger than normal volume of bitcoins being moved to the exchanges.  </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-09-01T22:39:42.750Z
2011-09-01T22:39:42.750Z
kirian
<p>I'm not aware of any serious studies on the topic but I <em>have</em> seen folks on the forum talking about how bitcoin price seems to correlate with the google trends data on bitcoin-related searches. Compare: <a href="http://www.google.com/trends?q=bitcoin&amp;ctab=0&amp;geo=all&amp;date=ytd&amp;sort=0" rel="nofollow">Google Trends</a> and <a href="http://bitcoincharts.com/charts/mtgoxUSD#rg360ztgMzm1g60zm2g15zi1gAroonOsczi2gBBWzi3gMDXzi4gMACD" rel="nofollow">MtGox Price</a>.</p>

<p>So there's sort of a study on popularity/price ratios, though it's hardly been conducted with any sort of scientific rigor. I'd assume that there are many such studies to be found, the limits from the bitcoin side of the fence are quite few so I'd say the upper limit is your imagination.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-30T21:47:20.450Z
2011-08-30T21:47:20.450Z
David Perry
<p>There is a paper by Fergal Reid and Martin Harrigan of University College Dublin, Ireland. PDF can be downloaded <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.4524" rel="nofollow">from this page</a>. It's called <em>"An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System"</em>.</p>

<p>It describes, amongst other things, methods and tools for building a <em>Transaction Network</em> and <em>User Network</em> from the data taken from the blockchain and from <em>external sources</em>.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-09-13T10:19:32.843Z
2011-09-13T10:19:32.843Z
molecular
<p>There are no academic papers on Bitcoin market behavior.</p>

<p>If Bitcoin or another peer-to-peer currency ever develops a significant closed economy, then it would be a rich source of information on the behavior of markets and economies, as the transaction timing, value and locations (for both the sender and receiver in a transaction) of Bitcoin transactions is publicly broadcasted -and in the case of timing and value, already being recorded in the block chain. </p>

<p>Furthermore, information about the full Bitcoin transaction history of each pseudonymous individual can be deduced through network analysis techniques.</p>

<p>While Bitcoin is reserved for niche use and doesn't form a closed economy though, the data from the transaction history is of limited use for studying real world market and economic behavior.</p>

<p>Also, in the future the visibility of Bitcoin transaction data could be reduced if many participants in the Bitcoin economy begin to rely on private layers built on top of the Bitcoin network to conduct their transactions through, which is likely to happen given the implications for privacy that visible transactions create.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-30T22:19:16.503Z
2011-08-30T22:19:16.503Z
Amin
<p>The nice thing about bitcoin is that it generates partially anonymous data about every single transaction. Can this data be used to gain insight about real-world markets? Or are there some fundamental differences that cannot be accounted for? If this data can be used, does anybody have any references on academic papers that use the bitcoin data?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-31T01:04:56.890Z
This question is too subjective and isn't actual a practical problem with an answer.
lemonginger
CC BY-SA 3.0
2011-08-31T01:12:43.623Z
@lemonginger. The question asks for reference... thus it could have a perfectly valid answer like "Professor X's paper Y looks at bitcoin to study Z". Further, selection bias is a very important thing to take account of in studies, so if there is a well known demographic bias in bitcoin (which I suspect there is) then an answer that explains that bias would be a valid answer to this question, too.
Artem Kaznatcheev
<bitcoin-economy><academic-research>
Can bitcoin transaction data be used to study markets?
Artem Kaznatcheev
# Can bitcoin transaction data be used to study markets?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2011-08-30)

The nice thing about bitcoin is that it generates partially anonymous data about every single transaction. Can this data be used to gain insight about real-world markets? Or are there some fundamental differences that cannot be accounted for? If this data can be used, does anybody have any references on academic papers that use the bitcoin data?

**Tags:** bitcoin-economy, academic-research

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: This question is too subjective and isn't actual a practical problem with an answer.  
> **username_0**: @username_1. The question asks for reference... thus it could have a perfectly valid answer like "Professor X's paper Y looks at bitcoin to study Z". Further, selection bias is a very important thing to take account of in studies, so if there is a well known demographic bias in bitcoin (which I suspect there is) then an answer that explains that bias would be a valid answer to this question, too.  

---

## 5 answers

### Answer by username_6 on 2011-08-30. Score: 6 | Accepted answer

There are no academic papers on Bitcoin market behavior.

If Bitcoin or another peer-to-peer currency ever develops a significant closed economy, then it would be a rich source of information on the behavior of markets and economies, as the transaction timing, value and locations (for both the sender and receiver in a transaction) of Bitcoin transactions is publicly broadcasted -and in the case of timing and value, already being recorded in the block chain.

Furthermore, information about the full Bitcoin transaction history of each pseudonymous individual can be deduced through network analysis techniques.

While Bitcoin is reserved for niche use and doesn't form a closed economy though, the data from the transaction history is of limited use for studying real world market and economic behavior.

Also, in the future the visibility of Bitcoin transaction data could be reduced if many participants in the Bitcoin economy begin to rely on private layers built on top of the Bitcoin network to conduct their transactions through, which is likely to happen given the implications for privacy that visible transactions create.


---

### Answer by username_2 on 2011-08-30. Score: 2

This is still a fledgling currency. You can see how Bitcoin lacks credibility by listening to the [recent publication on NPR](http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2011/08/24/138673630/what-is-bitcoin). Overall there is a great deal of misinformation, and lack of credible citations.

Although, there are substantial [studies](http://www.ics.uci.edu/~yangwang/papers/CHI08-AuthorCopy.pdf) of [virtual currency](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_economy), there are no published studies from accredited sources concerning bitcoin proper.

It makes for a good economics thesis, there are plenty of hypotheses to explore!

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: ummm, can you expand on your answer to provide some content? This isn't really an answer as much as a comment in its current state. If you know of MMO studies (which are always fun) you should include citations to those. If the 'fledgling currency' part affects the credibility of bitcoin as a data source (which it does) then you should explain how. Otherwise this is not an answer and should be removed or moved to comments.  
> **username_2**: edited my post to reflect username_0's wishes. Please let me know if you want more citation.  
> **username_2**: Kudos for the policing, I got excited to see the exchange in beta and have been posting like a mad man. So many questions to answer, not enough time - lol!  

---

### Answer by username_3 on 2011-09-01. Score: 2

The fact that the blockchain records every single bitcoin transaction does mean that it would probably be possible to analyse the data to infer some real market information.

[Bitcoin days destroyed](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin_Days_Destroyed) is one metric made possible by the blockchain that could possibly be used to make some estimation of the [velocity of money](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_of_money)

Similar tools and network analysis methods as used in the [Reid/Harrigan paper](http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1107/1107.4524v1.pdf) on anonymity in the Bitcoin system could also be used to glean market information from the Bitcoin transaction record. One of the authors (Fergal Reid) of this paper discusses some of these possibilities in this [forum post](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=31662.msg494707#msg494707) on the bitcointalk.org site. One of the speculated ideas is that it could be possible to identify flows of bitcoins to the exchanges and thus be possibly able to predict if a sell-off is imminent based on a larger than normal volume of bitcoins being moved to the exchanges.


---

### Answer by username_4 on 2011-08-30. Score: 2

I'm not aware of any serious studies on the topic but I *have* seen folks on the forum talking about how bitcoin price seems to correlate with the google trends data on bitcoin-related searches. Compare: [Google Trends](http://www.google.com/trends?q=bitcoin&ctab=0&geo=all&date=ytd&sort=0) and [MtGox Price](http://bitcoincharts.com/charts/mtgoxUSD#rg360ztgMzm1g60zm2g15zi1gAroonOsczi2gBBWzi3gMDXzi4gMACD).

So there's sort of a study on popularity/price ratios, though it's hardly been conducted with any sort of scientific rigor. I'd assume that there are many such studies to be found, the limits from the bitcoin side of the fence are quite few so I'd say the upper limit is your imagination.


---

### Answer by username_5 on 2011-09-13. Score: 1

There is a paper by Fergal Reid and Martin Harrigan of University College Dublin, Ireland. PDF can be downloaded [from this page](http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.4524). It's called *"An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System"*.

It describes, amongst other things, methods and tools for building a *Transaction Network* and *User Network* from the data taken from the blockchain and from *external sources*.


---

