JK-TK/form · Datasets at Hugging Face

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The maximum 50ml50cm3 calibration graduation reading is at the bottom This ensure the amount run out from a tap below can be determined directly from burette reading before and after during volumetric analysis
Burettes are expensive and care should be taken when using them
3 i Pipette
Pipette is a long and narrowthin apparatus that widens at the middle used to measure and transfer small very accurateexact volumes of a liquid solution
It is open on either ends
The maximum 25ml25cm3 calibration graduation mark is a visible ring on one thin end
To fill a pipette to this mark the user must suck up a liquid solution upto a level above the mark then adjust to the mark using a finger
This requires practice
ii Pipette filler
Pipette filler is used to suck in a liquid solution into a pipette instead of using the mouth It has a suck adjust and eject button for ensuring the exact volume is attained This requires practice
4 Volumetric flask
A volumetric flask is thin narrow but widens at the basebottom It is used to measure very accurateexact volumes of a liquid solution
The maximum calibration graduation mark is a visible ring
Volumetric flasks are named according to the maximum calibratedgraduated volume eg
250ml volumetric flask has a calibratedgraduated mark at exact volume of 250mililitres 250centimetres
1l volumetric flask has a calibratedgraduated mark at exact volume of one litre 1000 cubic centimeters
2l volumetric flask has a calibratedgraduated mark at exact volume of two litres 2000 cubic centimeters
5 Dropperteat pipette
A dropperteat pipette is a long thinnarrow glassrubber apparatus that has a flexible rubber head
A dropperteat pipette is used to measure very small amount drops of liquid solution by pressing the flexible rubber head The numbers of drops needed are counted by pressing the rubber gently at a time
bApparatus for measuring mass
1 Beam balance
A beam balance has a pan where a substance of unknown mass is placed The scales on the opposite end are adjusted to balance with the mass of the unknown substance The mass from a beam balance is in grams
2 Electronicelectric balance
An electronicelectric balance has a pan where a substance of unknown mass is placed The mass of the unknown substance in grams is available immediately on the screen
cApparatus for measuring temperature
A thermometer has alcohol or mercury trapped in a bulb with a thin enclosed outlet for the alcoholmercury in the bulb
If temperature rises in the bulb the alcohol mercury expand along the thin narrow enclosed outlet
The higher the temperature the more the expansion
Outside a calibration graduation correspond to this expansion and thus changes in temperature
A thermometer therefore determines the temperature when the bulb is fully dipped in to the substance being tested To determine the temperature of solid is thus very difficult
dApparatus for measuring time
The stop watchclock is the standard apparatus for measuring time Time is measured using hours minutes and second
Common school stop watchclock has start stop and reset button for determining time for a chemical reaction This requires practice
e Apparatus for scooping
1 Spatula
A spatula is used to scoop solids which do not require accurate measurement Both ends of the spatula can be used at a time
A solid scooped to the brim is one spatula end full A solid scooped to half brim is half spatula end full
2 Deflagrating spoon
A deflagrating spoon is used to scoop solids which do not require accurate measurement mainly for heating Unlike a spatula a deflagrating spoon is longer
f Apparatus for putting liquidssolid for heating
1 Test tube
A test tube is a narrowthin glass apparatus open on one side The end of the opening is commonly called the the mouth of the test tube
2 Boilingignition tube
A boilingignition tube is a wide glass apparatus than a test tube open on one side The end of the opening is commonly called the the mouth of the boilingignition tube
3 Beaker
Beaker is a wide calibratedgraduated lipped glassplastic apparatus used for transferring liquid solution which do not normally require very accurate measurements
Beakers are named according to the maximum calibratedgraduated volume they can hold eg
250ml beaker has a maximum calibratedgraduated volume of 250mililitres 250 cubic centimeters
1l beaker has a maximum calibratedgraduated volume of one litre 1000 cubic centimeters
5 l beaker has a maximum calibratedgraduated volume of two litres 2000 cubic centimeters
4 Conical flask
A conical flask is a moderately narrow glass apparatus with a wide base and no calibrationgraduation Conical flasks thus carryhold exact volumes of liquids that have been measured using other apparatus It can also be put some solids The narrow mouth ensures no spillage
Conical flasks are named according to the maximum volume they can hold eg 250ml Conical flasks hold a maximum volume of 250mililitres 250 cubic centimeters
500ml Conical flasks hold a maximum volume of 500ml 1000 cubic centimeters
5 Round bottomed flask
A round bottomed flask is a moderately narrow glass apparatus with a wide round base and no calibrationgraduation Round bottomed flask thus carryhold exact volumes of liquids that have been measured using other apparatus The narrowthin mouth prevents spillage The flask can also hold weighed solids A round bottomed flask must be held clamped when in use because of its wide narrow base
6 Flat bottomed flask
A flat bottomed flask is a moderately narrow glass apparatus with a wide round base with a small flat bottom It has no calibrationgraduation
Flat bottomed flasks thus carryhold exact volumes of liquids that have been measured using other apparatus The narrowthin mouth prevents spirage They can also hold weighed solids A flat bottomed flask must be held clamped when in use because its flat narrow base is not stable
g Apparatus for holding unstable apparatus during heating
1 Tripod stand
A tripod stand is a three legged metallic apparatus which unstable apparatus are placed on during heatingBeakers Conical flasks round bottomed flask and flat bottomed flasks are placed on top of tripod stand during heating
2 Wire gauzemesh
Wire gauzemesh is a metalliciron plate of wires crossings It is placed on top of a tripod stand
i Ensure even distribution of heat to prevent cracking glass apparatus
ii Hold smaller apparatus that cannot reach the edges of tripod stand
3 Clamp stand
A clamp stand is a metallic apparatus which tightly hold apparatus at their neck firmly
A clamp stand has a wide metallic base that ensures maximum stability The height and position of clamping is variable This require practice
4 Test tube holder
A test tube holder is a hand held metallic apparatus which tightly hold testboilingignition tube at their neck firmly on the other end
Some test tube holders have wooden handle that prevent heat conduction to the hand during heating
5 Pair of tong
A pair of tong is a scissorlike hand held metallic apparatus which tightly hold firmly a small solid sample on the other end
6 Gas jar
A gas jar is a long wide glass apparatus with a wide base
It is open on one end It is used to collectput gases
This requires practice
h Apparatus for holdingdirecting liquid solutionsfunnels to avoid spillage
1 Filter funnel
A filter funnel is a wide mouthed mainly plastic apparatus that narrow drastically at the bottom to a long extension
When the long extension is placed on top of another apparatus a liquid solution can safely be directed through the wide mouth of the filter funnel into the apparatus without spirage
Filter funnel is also used to place a filter paper during filtration
2 Thistle funnel
A thistle funnel is a wide mouthed glass apparatus that narrow drastically at the bottom to a very long extension
The long extension is usually drilled through a stoppercork
A liquid solution can thus be directed into a stoppered container without spillage
3 Dropping funnel
A dropping funnel is a wide mouthed glass apparatus with a tap that narrow drastically at the bottom to a very long extension
The long extension is usually drilled through a stoppercork
A liquid solution can thus be directed into a stoppered container without spillage at the rate determined by adjusting the tap
4 Separating funnel
A separating funnel is a wide mouthed glass apparatus with a tap at the bottom narrow extension
A liquid solution can thus be directed into a separating funnel without spillage It can also safely be removed from the funnel by opening the tap
It is used to separate two or more liquid solution mixtures that form layersimmiscible This requires practice
h Apparatus for heatingBurners
1 Candle spirit burner kerosene stove charcoal burnerjiko are some apparatus that can be used for heating
Any flammable fuel when put in a container and ignited can produce some heat
2 Bunsen burner

The maximum 50ml50cm3 calibration graduation reading is at the bottom This ensure the amount run out from a tap below can be determined directly from burette reading before and after during volumetric analysis

Burettes are expensive and care should be taken when using them

3 i Pipette

Pipette is a long and narrowthin apparatus that widens at the middle used to measure and transfer small very accurateexact volumes of a liquid solution

It is open on either ends

The maximum 25ml25cm3 calibration graduation mark is a visible ring on one thin end

To fill a pipette to this mark the user must suck up a liquid solution upto a level above the mark then adjust to the mark using a finger

This requires practice

ii Pipette filler

Pipette filler is used to suck in a liquid solution into a pipette instead of using the mouth It has a suck adjust and eject button for ensuring the exact volume is attained This requires practice

4 Volumetric flask

A volumetric flask is thin narrow but widens at the basebottom It is used to measure very accurateexact volumes of a liquid solution

The maximum calibration graduation mark is a visible ring

Volumetric flasks are named according to the maximum calibratedgraduated volume eg

250ml volumetric flask has a calibratedgraduated mark at exact volume of 250mililitres 250centimetres

1l volumetric flask has a calibratedgraduated mark at exact volume of one litre 1000 cubic centimeters

2l volumetric flask has a calibratedgraduated mark at exact volume of two litres 2000 cubic centimeters

5 Dropperteat pipette

A dropperteat pipette is a long thinnarrow glassrubber apparatus that has a flexible rubber head

A dropperteat pipette is used to measure very small amount drops of liquid solution by pressing the flexible rubber head The numbers of drops needed are counted by pressing the rubber gently at a time

bApparatus for measuring mass

1 Beam balance

A beam balance has a pan where a substance of unknown mass is placed The scales on the opposite end are adjusted to balance with the mass of the unknown substance The mass from a beam balance is in grams

2 Electronicelectric balance

An electronicelectric balance has a pan where a substance of unknown mass is placed The mass of the unknown substance in grams is available immediately on the screen

cApparatus for measuring temperature

A thermometer has alcohol or mercury trapped in a bulb with a thin enclosed outlet for the alcoholmercury in the bulb

If temperature rises in the bulb the alcohol mercury expand along the thin narrow enclosed outlet

The higher the temperature the more the expansion

Outside a calibration graduation correspond to this expansion and thus changes in temperature

A thermometer therefore determines the temperature when the bulb is fully dipped in to the substance being tested To determine the temperature of solid is thus very difficult

dApparatus for measuring time

The stop watchclock is the standard apparatus for measuring time Time is measured using hours minutes and second

Common school stop watchclock has start stop and reset button for determining time for a chemical reaction This requires practice

e Apparatus for scooping

1 Spatula

A spatula is used to scoop solids which do not require accurate measurement Both ends of the spatula can be used at a time

A solid scooped to the brim is one spatula end full A solid scooped to half brim is half spatula end full

2 Deflagrating spoon

A deflagrating spoon is used to scoop solids which do not require accurate measurement mainly for heating Unlike a spatula a deflagrating spoon is longer

f Apparatus for putting liquidssolid for heating

1 Test tube

A test tube is a narrowthin glass apparatus open on one side The end of the opening is commonly called the the mouth of the test tube

2 Boilingignition tube

A boilingignition tube is a wide glass apparatus than a test tube open on one side The end of the opening is commonly called the the mouth of the boilingignition tube

3 Beaker

Beaker is a wide calibratedgraduated lipped glassplastic apparatus used for transferring liquid solution which do not normally require very accurate measurements

Beakers are named according to the maximum calibratedgraduated volume they can hold eg

250ml beaker has a maximum calibratedgraduated volume of 250mililitres 250 cubic centimeters

1l beaker has a maximum calibratedgraduated volume of one litre 1000 cubic centimeters

5 l beaker has a maximum calibratedgraduated volume of two litres 2000 cubic centimeters

4 Conical flask

A conical flask is a moderately narrow glass apparatus with a wide base and no calibrationgraduation Conical flasks thus carryhold exact volumes of liquids that have been measured using other apparatus It can also be put some solids The narrow mouth ensures no spillage

Conical flasks are named according to the maximum volume they can hold eg 250ml Conical flasks hold a maximum volume of 250mililitres 250 cubic centimeters

500ml Conical flasks hold a maximum volume of 500ml 1000 cubic centimeters

5 Round bottomed flask

A round bottomed flask is a moderately narrow glass apparatus with a wide round base and no calibrationgraduation Round bottomed flask thus carryhold exact volumes of liquids that have been measured using other apparatus The narrowthin mouth prevents spillage The flask can also hold weighed solids A round bottomed flask must be held clamped when in use because of its wide narrow base

6 Flat bottomed flask

A flat bottomed flask is a moderately narrow glass apparatus with a wide round base with a small flat bottom It has no calibrationgraduation

Flat bottomed flasks thus carryhold exact volumes of liquids that have been measured using other apparatus The narrowthin mouth prevents spirage They can also hold weighed solids A flat bottomed flask must be held clamped when in use because its flat narrow base is not stable

g Apparatus for holding unstable apparatus during heating

1 Tripod stand

A tripod stand is a three legged metallic apparatus which unstable apparatus are placed on during heatingBeakers Conical flasks round bottomed flask and flat bottomed flasks are placed on top of tripod stand during heating

2 Wire gauzemesh

Wire gauzemesh is a metalliciron plate of wires crossings It is placed on top of a tripod stand

i Ensure even distribution of heat to prevent cracking glass apparatus

ii Hold smaller apparatus that cannot reach the edges of tripod stand

3 Clamp stand

A clamp stand is a metallic apparatus which tightly hold apparatus at their neck firmly

A clamp stand has a wide metallic base that ensures maximum stability The height and position of clamping is variable This require practice

4 Test tube holder

A test tube holder is a hand held metallic apparatus which tightly hold testboilingignition tube at their neck firmly on the other end

Some test tube holders have wooden handle that prevent heat conduction to the hand during heating

5 Pair of tong

A pair of tong is a scissorlike hand held metallic apparatus which tightly hold firmly a small solid sample on the other end

6 Gas jar

A gas jar is a long wide glass apparatus with a wide base

It is open on one end It is used to collectput gases

This requires practice

h Apparatus for holdingdirecting liquid solutionsfunnels to avoid spillage

1 Filter funnel

A filter funnel is a wide mouthed mainly plastic apparatus that narrow drastically at the bottom to a long extension

When the long extension is placed on top of another apparatus a liquid solution can safely be directed through the wide mouth of the filter funnel into the apparatus without spirage

Filter funnel is also used to place a filter paper during filtration

2 Thistle funnel

A thistle funnel is a wide mouthed glass apparatus that narrow drastically at the bottom to a very long extension

The long extension is usually drilled through a stoppercork

A liquid solution can thus be directed into a stoppered container without spillage

3 Dropping funnel

A dropping funnel is a wide mouthed glass apparatus with a tap that narrow drastically at the bottom to a very long extension

The long extension is usually drilled through a stoppercork

A liquid solution can thus be directed into a stoppered container without spillage at the rate determined by adjusting the tap

4 Separating funnel

A separating funnel is a wide mouthed glass apparatus with a tap at the bottom narrow extension

A liquid solution can thus be directed into a separating funnel without spillage It can also safely be removed from the funnel by opening the tap

It is used to separate two or more liquid solution mixtures that form layersimmiscible This requires practice

h Apparatus for heatingBurners

1 Candle spirit burner kerosene stove charcoal burnerjiko are some apparatus that can be used for heating

Any flammable fuel when put in a container and ignited can produce some heat

2 Bunsen burner