MedVLSynther/MedVLSynther-3B-RL_5K_PMC-style
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What brain region is mentioned in the caption?
|
{"A": "HC", "B": "ALFF", "C": "VER", "D": "aMCI"}
|
C
|
VER
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 0
| null | |||
What was observed in the anterior stroma on anterior segment optical coherence tomography?
|
{"A": "Hyporeflectivity", "B": "Hyperreflectivity", "C": "No reflectivity", "D": "Reflectivity in the posterior stroma"}
|
B
|
Hyperreflectivity
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 1
| null | |||
What was used to secure the foot to the support in the experimental setup?
|
{"A": "Metal clips", "B": "Elastic bands", "C": "Adhesive tape", "D": "Velcro straps"}
|
D
|
Velcro straps
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 2
| null | |||
Which PET scan shows abnormally increased uptake in the cuneus and lateral occipital regions?
|
{"A": "[11C]PiB PET", "B": "[18F]FDG PET", "C": "[18F]AV-1451 PET", "D": "Structural MRI"}
|
C
|
[18F]AV-1451 PET
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 3
| null | |||
What is the sterile non-latex glove being used as in the image?
|
{"A": "A nose lid", "B": "A bandage", "C": "A face mask", "D": "A hand cover"}
|
A
|
A nose lid
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 4
| null | |||
What does the lesion show evidence of on diffusion sequences?
|
{"A": "Homogeneous enhancement", "B": "Increased cerebral blood volume", "C": "Increased cerebral blood flow", "D": "Diffusion restriction"}
|
D
|
Diffusion restriction
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 5
| null | |||
What is the characteristic feature of the dermatitis seen in pellagra as described in the caption?
|
{"A": "Irregular patches of hyperpigmentation on non-sun-exposed areas", "B": "Scaly plaques with central clearing on the trunk", "C": "Bullous lesions with serous exudate on the face", "D": "Well-demarcated areas of erythema on sun-exposed areas"}
|
D
|
Well-demarcated areas of erythema on sun-exposed areas
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 6
| null | |||
What do the X-rays in the image demonstrate?
|
{"A": "Non-union of the fracture", "B": "New fracture at a different site", "C": "Healing of the fracture with union across the former fracture site", "D": "Degenerative changes in the cervical spine"}
|
C
|
Healing of the fracture with union across the former fracture site
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 7
| null | |||
What is the ECG finding on Day 1 in the emergency department?
|
{"A": "Sinus bradycardia", "B": "Atrial fibrillation", "C": "Ventricular tachycardia", "D": "Sinus tachycardia"}
|
D
|
Sinus tachycardia
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 8
| null | |||
What is shown in image (c) of the initial examination?
|
{"A": "Radiovisiograph of the sockets", "B": "Site of injury", "C": "Avulsed teeth", "D": "Healed gums"}
|
A
|
Radiovisiograph of the sockets
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 9
| null | |||
What is the subject of the image?
|
{"A": "SAPF performance under transient condition", "B": "SAPF performance under steady-state condition", "C": "SAPF performance under dynamic condition", "D": "SAPF performance under static condition"}
|
A
|
SAPF performance under transient condition
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 10
| null | |||
What does the asterisk represent in the image?
|
{"A": "Caudal vena cava", "B": "Mesentericorenocaval shunt", "C": "Left renal vein", "D": "Left kidney"}
|
D
|
Left kidney
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 11
| null | |||
What does O-BPD stand for in the context of pancreatic duct imaging and operation?
|
{"A": "Imaging bifid pancreatic duct", "B": "Operative single pancreatic duct", "C": "Imaging single pancreatic duct", "D": "Operative bifid pancreatic duct"}
|
D
|
Operative bifid pancreatic duct
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 12
| null | |||
What was used to visualize the nerves in the procedure shown in Image 1B?
|
{"A": "A strip of rubber", "B": "A ligature clip", "C": "A silicone tube", "D": "Type I collagen solution"}
|
A
|
A strip of rubber
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 13
| null | |||
What type of imaging was used to detect the new intracranial lesions in November 2011?
|
{"A": "CT scan", "B": "X-ray", "C": "Ultrasound", "D": "MRI"}
|
D
|
MRI
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 14
| null | |||
What type of image is shown in the caption?
|
{"A": "Short axis Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) delayed post gadolinium image", "B": "Long axis Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) delayed post gadolinium image", "C": "Short axis T1-weighted image", "D": "Long axis T2-weighted image"}
|
A
|
Short axis Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) delayed post gadolinium image
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 15
| null | |||
In the intraoral temporalis myofascial release technique, where is the therapist's other hand positioned?
|
{"A": "On the coronoid process of the mandible", "B": "On the origins of the pterygoid muscles", "C": "Behind the lingual surface of the masseter and medial pterygoid", "D": "Along the temporal muscle"}
|
D
|
Along the temporal muscle
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 16
| null | |||
Which landmark is listed as number 5 in the frontal view 3D landmarks?
|
{"A": "N", "B": "ANS", "C": "Me", "D": "Pg"}
|
D
|
Pg
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 17
| null | |||
In the three-dimensional computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging fusion imaging, what color represents the urinary tract?
|
{"A": "Yellow", "B": "Red", "C": "Blue", "D": "Orange"}
|
A
|
Yellow
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 18
| null | |||
What is displayed in the mesial reconstructed view?
|
{"A": "Distal reconstructed view", "B": "Lateral reconstructed view", "C": "Redundant dental caries", "D": "Redundant IFR foramina"}
|
D
|
Redundant IFR foramina
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 19
| null | |||
What is the subject of the image?
|
{"A": "Ingredients for a recipe", "B": "Tools for woodworking", "C": "Materials for Kshaudra Agnikarma", "D": "Supplies for painting"}
|
C
|
Materials for Kshaudra Agnikarma
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 20
| null | |||
What did the mammography show?
|
{"A": "An oval mass with indistinct borders", "B": "Internal iso-echoes with high echo spots", "C": "An oval well-demarcated mass", "D": "Unchanged posterior echoes"}
|
C
|
An oval well-demarcated mass
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 21
| null | |||
How many landmarks are in the ape template cranium?
|
{"A": "16", "B": "57", "C": "41", "D": "25"}
|
C
|
41
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 22
| null | |||
What is shown in part (c) of the splinted mandibular protraction appliance (MPA) design?
|
{"A": "Maxillary component showing the position of the molar tubes in the maxillary acrylic splint", "B": "Ball pins inserted into the smaller section of the T-tubes", "C": "Mandibular circular loops", "D": "Mandibular component of the splinted MPA"}
|
A
|
Maxillary component showing the position of the molar tubes in the maxillary acrylic splint
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 23
| null | |||
What is the size of the calcified lobulated mass in the right breast?
|
{"A": "3.9 × 4.8 cm", "B": "4.8 × 3.9 cm", "C": "3.9 × 3.9 cm", "D": "4.8 × 4.8 cm"}
|
B
|
4.8 × 3.9 cm
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 24
| null | |||
What is the condition of the right atrium in the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) image?
|
{"A": "Moderately dilated", "B": "Normal size", "C": "Severely dilated", "D": "Mildly dilated"}
|
C
|
Severely dilated
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 25
| null | |||
Which body parts are affected by the plaques in Image 1?
|
{"A": "Only lower limbs", "B": "Only upper limbs", "C": "Neither lower nor upper limbs", "D": "Both lower and upper limbs"}
|
D
|
Both lower and upper limbs
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 26
| null | |||
What does the arrow in image (D) point to?
|
{"A": "Early oil cyst", "B": "Mature rim calcified oil cyst", "C": "Outpouching", "D": "Computer-aided detection of microcalcifications"}
|
C
|
Outpouching
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 27
| null | |||
How many times was the participant instructed to point to the mouth commissures in Item 1?
|
{"A": "3 times", "B": "9 times", "C": "6 times", "D": "12 times"}
|
C
|
6 times
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 28
| null | |||
Which statement about PDCD10 patients is supported by the provided captions?
|
{"A": "They show a consistent increase in bleeding propensity throughout adulthood", "B": "The number of bleeds per patient decreases steadily after the first decade of life", "C": "SWI scans show no lesion burden in PDCD10 patients", "D": "They have a lower age at first bleed compared to KRIT1 and CCM2 patients"}
|
D
|
They have a lower age at first bleed compared to KRIT1 and CCM2 patients
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 29
| null | |||
What was observed in the CBCT image taken immediately after the procedure?
|
{"A": "Extensive bone resorption around #26 implant", "B": "Loss of buccal cortical bone plate", "C": "A well-filled bone graft substitute without displacement", "D": "Bone resorption within the sinus graft"}
|
C
|
A well-filled bone graft substitute without displacement
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 30
| null | |||
What is the material of the framework shown in the image?
|
{"A": "Autologous costal cartilage", "B": "Allogeneic bone", "C": "Synthetic polymer", "D": "Metal alloy"}
|
A
|
Autologous costal cartilage
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 31
| null | |||
What type of medical imaging is shown in the image?
|
{"A": "MRI scan", "B": "X-ray", "C": "CT scan", "D": "Ultrasound"}
|
C
|
CT scan
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 32
| null | |||
What does the CT image show?
|
{"A": "A soft tissue mass", "B": "Normal bone structure", "C": "Inflammation of the oral mucosa", "D": "A bony lesion with eroded palatal and labial cortical plates"}
|
D
|
A bony lesion with eroded palatal and labial cortical plates
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 33
| null | |||
What is the size of the parietal bone defect on the right side?
|
{"A": "4 cm in diameter", "B": "10 months old", "C": "Three-dimensional CT", "D": "1.5 cm in diameter"}
|
D
|
1.5 cm in diameter
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 34
| null | |||
What is shown in the left mediolateral oblique mammogram of the 58-year-old woman?
|
{"A": "Breast tissue density", "B": "Lymph node enlargement", "C": "Breast mass", "D": "Arterial wall calcifications"}
|
D
|
Arterial wall calcifications
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 35
| null | |||
What is the main topic of the image?
|
{"A": "Color variations", "B": "Size comparisons", "C": "Connection differences", "D": "Shape analysis"}
|
C
|
Connection differences
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 36
| null | |||
What is the point of reference mentioned in the caption?
|
{"A": "femoral head", "B": "impacted fragment", "C": "lack of bone substance", "D": "bone substance"}
|
A
|
femoral head
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 37
| null | |||
Which structures were clearly exposed after resection of segments 4, 5 and 8?
|
{"A": "Left hepatic vein and portal vein", "B": "Right hepatic vein and hilar Glisson's pedicle", "C": "Common bile duct and hepatic artery", "D": "Cystic duct and left hepatic artery"}
|
B
|
Right hepatic vein and hilar Glisson's pedicle
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 38
| null | |||
What does kE represent in the context of the left Rolandic operculum ROI?
|
{"A": "Number of voxels in the ROI", "B": "Cluster-level P-value", "C": "FWE-corrected significance threshold", "D": "MNI coordinates of the most active voxel"}
|
A
|
Number of voxels in the ROI
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 39
| null | |||
What was suspected based on the CT findings?
|
{"A": "Cyst enlargement", "B": "Abscess formation", "C": "Liver regeneration", "D": "Bile duct dilation"}
|
B
|
Abscess formation
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 40
| null | |||
Where are the ectopic pregnancies located in the image?
|
{"A": "In the uterus", "B": "In the ovaries", "C": "In the cervix", "D": "In the fallopian tubes"}
|
D
|
In the fallopian tubes
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 41
| null | |||
What is the grade of invasive ductal carcinoma shown in image (a)?
|
{"A": "Grade III", "B": "Grade I", "C": "Grade II", "D": "Grade IV"}
|
A
|
Grade III
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 42
| null | |||
What is noted at the anterior and inferior aspect of the pubic symphysis in the ultrasound image?
|
{"A": "Smooth cortical surface", "B": "Cortical irregularity", "C": "Fluid collection", "D": "Hyperechoic lesion"}
|
B
|
Cortical irregularity
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 43
| null | |||
What is the appearance of the epidermoid tumor during excision?
|
{"A": "Dark brown and irregular", "B": "Pearly white", "C": "Translucent and gelatinous", "D": "Bright red and vascular"}
|
B
|
Pearly white
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 44
| null | |||
What does the asterisk indicate in the image?
|
{"A": "anterior cruciate ligament", "B": "suture tape augmentation", "C": "extracortical fixation anchor", "D": "lateral portal view"}
|
A
|
anterior cruciate ligament
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 45
| null | |||
What was revealed in the extra oral photograph?
|
{"A": "A pre-auricular swelling on the right side of the face", "B": "A post-auricular swelling on the left side of the face", "C": "A pre-auricular swelling on the left side of the face", "D": "A post-auricular swelling on the right side of the face"}
|
C
|
A pre-auricular swelling on the left side of the face
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 46
| null | |||
What type of imaging is shown in the caption?
|
{"A": "CT scan", "B": "Diffusion weighted brain MRI", "C": "X-ray", "D": "Ultrasound"}
|
B
|
Diffusion weighted brain MRI
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 47
| null | |||
What does a cherry-red spot in fundoscopy of the left eye indicate?
|
{"A": "Central retinal vein occlusion", "B": "Diabetic retinopathy", "C": "Macular degeneration", "D": "Central retinal artery occlusion"}
|
D
|
Central retinal artery occlusion
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 48
| null | |||
What clinical finding is evident intraorally in the image?
|
{"A": "Swelling on maxillary region", "B": "Vestibular obliteration", "C": "Decrease in the size of the left eye", "D": "No intraoral findings"}
|
B
|
Vestibular obliteration
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 49
| null | |||
What does image (B) show in the SEC III protocol treatment sequence?
|
{"A": "Pretreatment condition", "B": "Posttreatment result", "C": "Class III splint and class III elastics", "D": "Intraoral photographs of a different patient"}
|
C
|
Class III splint and class III elastics
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 50
| null | |||
What is shown in the photograph?
|
{"A": "Clear ridge patterns in a healthy individual", "B": "Skin texture changes unrelated to dermatoglyphics", "C": "Loss of ridge clarity in affected individual by dermatoglyphics", "D": "Fingerprints of multiple individuals"}
|
C
|
Loss of ridge clarity in affected individual by dermatoglyphics
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 51
| null | |||
What imaging technique did not detect any polyps in the case described?
|
{"A": "Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)", "B": "Indocyanine green angiography", "C": "Fluorescein angiography", "D": "Color fundus image"}
|
B
|
Indocyanine green angiography
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 52
| null | |||
What is shown in the colonoscopy image?
|
{"A": "Polyps in the small intestine", "B": "Multiple ulcers in the cecum and colon", "C": "Tumors in the rectum", "D": "Inflammation in the stomach"}
|
B
|
Multiple ulcers in the cecum and colon
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 53
| null | |||
What is the purpose of the negative control in the image?
|
{"A": "To demonstrate the specificity of the staining method", "B": "To show VEGF expression in HLMs", "C": "To highlight VEGF in mast cells and neoplastic epithelium", "D": "To confirm the presence of VEGF in all cell types"}
|
A
|
To demonstrate the specificity of the staining method
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 54
| null | |||
What is the Kapp-90th value of the mass in the image?
|
{"A": "0.656×10–3 mm2/s", "B": "T1N2M0", "C": "1.415", "D": "No obvious artifact"}
|
C
|
1.415
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 55
| null | |||
What is being scanned in the image?
|
{"A": "Radial nerve", "B": "Median nerve", "C": "Ulnar nerve", "D": "Brachial artery"}
|
C
|
Ulnar nerve
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 56
| null | |||
In case (C), what is the diagnosis of ICA for the proximal left anterior descending artery (pLAD)?
|
{"A": "Mild stenosis (25% to 49%)", "B": "Moderate stenosis (50% to 69%)", "C": "Minimal stenosis (1% to 24%)", "D": "Severe stenosis (70% to 99%)"}
|
D
|
Severe stenosis (70% to 99%)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 57
| null | |||
What is the location of the vertebral aneurysm and varix as shown in the image?
|
{"A": "Subcutaneous on the trunk", "B": "Intramedullary in the spinal cord", "C": "Intraventricular in the fourth ventricle", "D": "Epidural at the level of C4–C5"}
|
D
|
Epidural at the level of C4–C5
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 58
| null | |||
What was observed in the right eye (RE) fundus photo?
|
{"A": "Clear macula with no hemorrhage", "B": "Slightly blurry disc margins", "C": "Vascular tortuosity", "D": "Absorption in macular and peripheral hemorrhage"}
|
D
|
Absorption in macular and peripheral hemorrhage
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 59
| null | |||
What color was the arterial blood sample after methylene blue and VC infusion?
|
{"A": "Bright red", "B": "Chocolate brown", "C": "Dark blue", "D": "Pale pink"}
|
A
|
Bright red
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 60
| null | |||
What does VMO stand for?
|
{"A": "Vastus medialis oblique", "B": "Vastus medial oblique", "C": "Vastus medialis oblique", "D": "Vastus medialis oblique"}
|
A
|
Vastus medialis oblique
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 61
| null | |||
What type of skin condition is described in the caption?
|
{"A": "Pustular acne", "B": "Erythematous maculopapular eruption", "C": "Psoriatic plaque", "D": "Urticarial wheals"}
|
B
|
Erythematous maculopapular eruption
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 62
| null | |||
What does the Evans Blue fluorescence in the image indicate?
|
{"A": "The location of the guide cannula", "B": "The position of the cannula tips in the left hemisphere", "C": "The spread of the microinfusion within the prelimbic portion of mPFC", "D": "The bright field illumination of the coronal slice"}
|
C
|
The spread of the microinfusion within the prelimbic portion of mPFC
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 63
| null | |||
What is the shape of the soft tissue nodule observed in the bronchoscopic image?
|
{"A": "Spherical", "B": "Irregular", "C": "Cylindrical", "D": "Ovoid"}
|
D
|
Ovoid
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 64
| null | |||
What is the condition of the dentition in the image?
|
{"A": "Mixed dentition with caries", "B": "Permanent dentition with caries", "C": "Primary dentition with good oral hygiene", "D": "Mixed dentition with no caries and good oral hygiene"}
|
D
|
Mixed dentition with no caries and good oral hygiene
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 65
| null | |||
What is the age of the patient in image 1?
|
{"A": "83 years old", "B": "70 years old", "C": "75 years old", "D": "80 years old"}
|
B
|
70 years old
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 66
| null | |||
Which brain region showed selective activity for ongoing task trials with correct responses?
|
{"A": "dorsal fronto-parietal cortex", "B": "left posterior intraparietal sulcus (pIPS)", "C": "occipital areas", "D": "medial parietal cortex (isthmus/cingulate)"}
|
D
|
medial parietal cortex (isthmus/cingulate)
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 67
| null | |||
What is the scale bar length for the clamp (c) in the Microcotyle isyebi specimen?
|
{"A": "50 µm", "B": "500 µm", "C": "100 µm", "D": "10 µm"}
|
A
|
50 µm
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 68
| null | |||
What is observed in the fundus photo of the right eye?
|
{"A": "Slightly hazy media with vitritis and large focal retinitis at inferonasal retina", "B": "Clear media with no vitritis", "C": "Large focal retinitis at superotemporal retina", "D": "No retinal abnormalities present"}
|
A
|
Slightly hazy media with vitritis and large focal retinitis at inferonasal retina
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 69
| null | |||
Which brain regions showed hyperactivation in patients ON and OFF compared to healthy controls?
|
{"A": "Frontal orbital cortex and inferior frontal gyrus", "B": "Basal ganglia and precentral gyrus", "C": "Left fronto-parietal and bilateral occipital areas", "D": "Angular gyrus and superior parietal lobe"}
|
C
|
Left fronto-parietal and bilateral occipital areas
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 70
| null | |||
What is the purpose of the mixed-reality-based navigation system shown in the image?
|
{"A": "To create 3D printed models for atlanto-axial fractures", "B": "To guide pedicle screw placement in atlanto-axial fracture models", "C": "To simulate atlanto-axial fracture dislocations", "D": "To analyze the direction and angle settings for pedicle screw placement"}
|
B
|
To guide pedicle screw placement in atlanto-axial fracture models
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 71
| null | |||
Which brain regions were activated bilaterally in both Recursion and Repetition compared to Iteration?
|
{"A": "Hippocampus and parahippocampus", "B": "Pallidum, putamen, and thalamus", "C": "Left LOC", "D": "Right orbitofrontal cortex"}
|
B
|
Pallidum, putamen, and thalamus
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 72
| null | |||
What does 'M' represent in the image caption?
|
{"A": "The model control group treated with 0.9% normal saline", "B": "The high-dose Buyang Huanwu decoction group", "C": "The low-dose Buyang Huanwu decoction group", "D": "The untreated pulmonary fibrosis group"}
|
A
|
The model control group treated with 0.9% normal saline
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 73
| null | |||
What is the location of the PV recurrence shown in the image?
|
{"A": "Preauricular area", "B": "Postauricular area", "C": "Temporal area", "D": "Occipital area"}
|
B
|
Postauricular area
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 74
| null | |||
What structure is indicated by the open arrowhead in the penile ultrasonography?
|
{"A": "Corpus spongiosum", "B": "Corpus cavernosa", "C": "Urethra", "D": "Mixed echogenic collection"}
|
C
|
Urethra
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 75
| null | |||
What is the purpose of the green box in the color fundus image?
|
{"A": "To indicate the location of the optic nerve", "B": "To mark the boundary of the retina", "C": "To show the blood vessels in the eye", "D": "To highlight areas with MAs"}
|
D
|
To highlight areas with MAs
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 76
| null | |||
What does the color coding in the glass brain image represent?
|
{"A": "The number of patients with lesion overlap", "B": "The size of lesions", "C": "The location of lesions", "D": "The severity of lesions"}
|
A
|
The number of patients with lesion overlap
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 77
| null | |||
What does the fundus photograph show in the patient with tractional cystoid macular edema?
|
{"A": "A yellow spot", "B": "A hyper-autofluorescent pattern", "C": "Minimal leakage from retinal capillaries", "D": "Focal vitreomacular adhesion"}
|
A
|
A yellow spot
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 78
| null | |||
What is the time frame after stem cell transplantation when the imaging findings were observed?
|
{"A": "7 days", "B": "17 days", "C": "30 days", "D": "60 days"}
|
B
|
17 days
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 79
| null | |||
What color represents the foveal outer retinal area in the image?
|
{"A": "Red", "B": "Blue", "C": "Green", "D": "Yellow"}
|
C
|
Green
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 80
| null | |||
What is the issue in example (b) of the image?
|
{"A": "Normal segmentation line", "B": "Underestimation of macular thickness due to outer retina boundary misidentification", "C": "Overestimation of macular thickness due to inner retina boundary misidentification", "D": "Accurate measurement of macular thickness"}
|
B
|
Underestimation of macular thickness due to outer retina boundary misidentification
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 81
| null | |||
What imaging technique detected the recurrent carcinoma in the woman post lumpectomy?
|
{"A": "Mammogram", "B": "Tomosynthesis", "C": "MBI", "D": "Targeted US"}
|
C
|
MBI
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 82
| null | |||
What do the letters 'HGG' and 'LGG' represent in the context of the brain MR scans?
|
{"A": "High-grade glioblastoma and low-grade glioblastoma", "B": "Hemorrhagic glioma and lobar glioma", "C": "Hypertensive glioma and lymphocytic glioma", "D": "High-grade glioma and low-grade glioma"}
|
D
|
High-grade glioma and low-grade glioma
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 83
| null | |||
What does the gonioscopy of the right eye show?
|
{"A": "Open angle with prominent iris processes", "B": "Closed angle with no iris processes", "C": "Open angle with no iris processes", "D": "Closed angle with prominent iris processes"}
|
A
|
Open angle with prominent iris processes
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 84
| null | |||
What is the subject of the image?
|
{"A": "Microscopic view of healthy tissue", "B": "Macroscopic view of the tumor", "C": "Microscopic view of the tumor", "D": "Macroscopic view of healthy tissue"}
|
B
|
Macroscopic view of the tumor
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 85
| null | |||
What type of mammography projections are shown in the image?
|
{"A": "Craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique", "B": "Lateral and anterior-posterior", "C": "Axial and sagittal", "D": "Transverse and coronal"}
|
A
|
Craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 86
| null | |||
What is the BI-RADS score of the mammogram image shown?
|
{"A": "BI-RADS-4", "B": "BI-RADS-3", "C": "BI-RADS-2", "D": "BI-RADS-5"}
|
D
|
BI-RADS-5
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 87
| null | |||
What is the location of the oesophageal ulcer shown in the endoscopic study?
|
{"A": "At the incision site", "B": "20–30 cm from the incision", "C": "Near the stomach", "D": "At the lower oesophageal sphincter"}
|
B
|
20–30 cm from the incision
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 88
| null | |||
What is the cause of the finger symptoms shown in the image?
|
{"A": "Exposure to xylene", "B": "Exposure to formaldehyde", "C": "Exposure to mercury", "D": "Exposure to lead"}
|
A
|
Exposure to xylene
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 89
| null | |||
What is the subject of the image labeled 'B' in the caption?
|
{"A": "Four-handed extraction of a botfly from the patient's buttock", "B": "Dermatobia hominis larva", "C": "Larve de Dermatobia hominis", "D": "Extraction à 4 mains d'un ver macaque de la fesse"}
|
A
|
Four-handed extraction of a botfly from the patient's buttock
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 90
| null | |||
What is the purpose of the LAMPOON procedure during TMVR?
|
{"A": "To measure the mean gradient across the LVOT", "B": "To intentionally lacerate the anterior mitral valve leaflet", "C": "To implant a valve-in-ring", "D": "To form a loop via snaring for diagnostic purposes"}
|
B
|
To intentionally lacerate the anterior mitral valve leaflet
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 91
| null | |||
What is the condition shown in the twelve-lead electrocardiogram?
|
{"A": "Sinus rhythm", "B": "Ventricular tachycardia", "C": "Heart block", "D": "Atrial fibrillation"}
|
D
|
Atrial fibrillation
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 92
| null | |||
What is the main difference in hippocampal connectivity between AD/MCI and NC groups?
|
{"A": "AD/MCI have more connections than NC", "B": "AD/MCI have fewer connections than NC", "C": "AD/MCI have the same number of connections as NC", "D": "AD/MCI have connections to fewer regions than NC"}
|
B
|
AD/MCI have fewer connections than NC
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 93
| null | |||
What is the orientation of the view shown on the right side of the image?
|
{"A": "Coronal view", "B": "Axial view", "C": "Transverse view", "D": "Sagittal view"}
|
D
|
Sagittal view
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 94
| null | |||
What percentage of subjects underwent four treatment sessions on the face with the tripolar handpiece?
|
{"A": "30%", "B": "50%", "C": "70%", "D": "12%"}
|
C
|
70%
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 95
| null | |||
What is the key finding regarding epigenetic regulators and transcription factors (TFs) at the MYC locus enhancers?
|
{"A": "Epigenetic regulators and TFs exhibit identical binding patterns across all enhancers", "B": "TFs exhibit similar binding patterns across enhancers, while epigenetic regulators have unique binding densities", "C": "Epigenetic regulators show similar binding patterns across enhancers, while TFs have unique binding densities", "D": "Both epigenetic regulators and TFs show unique binding patterns across all enhancers"}
|
C
|
Epigenetic regulators show similar binding patterns across enhancers, while TFs have unique binding densities
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 96
| null | |||
What type of imaging is used to show the preoperative and postoperative states in the caption?
|
{"A": "Three-dimensional CT scans", "B": "X-ray", "C": "MRI", "D": "Ultrasound"}
|
A
|
Three-dimensional CT scans
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 97
| null | |||
What is the condition shown in Image 1 on hospital day 6?
|
{"A": "Well-preserved ventricle and cisternal space", "B": "Severe brain edema", "C": "Diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage with brain edema", "D": "Normal brain structure"}
|
C
|
Diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage with brain edema
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 98
| null | |||
Which view of the hip with pelvis is NOT mentioned in the postoperative radiographs?
|
{"A": "Anterior posterior view", "B": "Lateral view", "C": "Obturator view", "D": "Iliac oblique view"}
|
B
|
Lateral view
|
biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_pmc_VQA_parquet_25k_rebalanced_subset5k
| 99
| null |
Code: https://github.com/UCSC-VLAA/MedVLSynther Project Page: https://ucsc-vlaa.github.io/MedVLSynther/
We release MedSynVQA and the subsets used in our paper. Each set targets medical vision–language QA and supports RLVR/SFT training.
| Dataset | Generator | Verifier | Modality | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MedSynVQA | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | Full training set for medical VQA (used for RLVR). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-10K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 10K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 5K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-2K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 2K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-1K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 1K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-qwen-glm | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | GLM-4.5V 108B | Image–Text | 5K subset for generator and verifier choice ablation (GLM→Qwen generator, Qwen→GLM verifier). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-internvl-glm | InternVL-3.5 38B | GLM-4.5V 108B | Image–Text | 5K subset for generator choice ablation (InternVL→GLM verifier). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-glm-glm | GLM-4.5V 108B | GLM-4.5V 108B | Image–Text | 5K subset for verifier choice ablation (Qwen→GLM verifier). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-no-verify | GLM-4.5V 108B | N/A | Image–Text | 5K subset for verifier necessity ablation (no verification step). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-PMC-style | GLM-4.5V 108B | N/A | Image–Text | 5K subset generated with PMC-VQA–style prompts. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-SFT | GLM-4.5V 108B | N/A | Image–Text | 5K subset generated for SFT training. | 🤗 HF |
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load evaluation dataset
eval_dataset = load_dataset("UCSC-VLAA/MedVLThinker-Eval")
# Load training dataset
train_dataset = load_dataset("MedVLSynther/MedSynVQA-13K")
All train datasets follow a unified format:
{
"images": [PIL.Image], # List of images
"question": str, # Question text
"options": Dict[str, str], # Multiple choice options
"answer_label": str, # Correct answer label (A, B, C, D, E)
"answer": str, # Full answer text
"reasoning": str, # Chain-of-thought reasoning (optional)
"dataset_name": str, # Source dataset name
"dataset_index": int # Unique sample identifier
}