function InterimElementProvider() {
  createInterimElementProvider.$get = InterimElementFactory;
  return createInterimElementProvider;

  /**
   * Returns a new provider which allows configuration of a new interimElement
   * service. Allows configuration of default options & methods for options,
   * as well as configuration of 'preset' methods (eg dialog.basic(): basic is a preset method)
   */
  function createInterimElementProvider(interimFactoryName) {
    var EXPOSED_METHODS = ['onHide', 'onShow', 'onRemove'];

    var customMethods = {};
    var providerConfig = {
      presets: {}
    };

    var provider = {
      setDefaults: setDefaults,
      addPreset: addPreset,
      addMethod: addMethod,
      $get: factory
    };

    /**
     * all interim elements will come with the 'build' preset
     */
    provider.addPreset('build', {
      methods: ['controller', 'controllerAs', 'resolve', 'multiple',
        'template', 'templateUrl', 'themable', 'transformTemplate', 'parent', 'contentElement']
    });

    return provider;

    /**
     * Save the configured defaults to be used when the factory is instantiated
     */
    function setDefaults(definition) {
      providerConfig.optionsFactory = definition.options;
      providerConfig.methods = (definition.methods || []).concat(EXPOSED_METHODS);
      return provider;
    }

    /**
     * Add a method to the factory that isn't specific to any interim element operations
     */
    function addMethod(name, fn) {
      customMethods[name] = fn;
      return provider;
    }

    /**
     * Save the configured preset to be used when the factory is instantiated
     */
    function addPreset(name, definition) {
      definition = definition || {};
      definition.methods = definition.methods || [];
      definition.options = definition.options || function() { return {}; };

      if (/^cancel|hide|show$/.test(name)) {
        throw new Error("Preset '" + name + "' in " + interimFactoryName + " is reserved!");
      }
      if (definition.methods.indexOf('_options') > -1) {
        throw new Error("Method '_options' in " + interimFactoryName + " is reserved!");
      }
      providerConfig.presets[name] = {
        methods: definition.methods.concat(EXPOSED_METHODS),
        optionsFactory: definition.options,
        argOption: definition.argOption
      };
      return provider;
    }

    function addPresetMethod(presetName, methodName, method) {
      providerConfig.presets[presetName][methodName] = method;
    }

    /**
     * Create a factory that has the given methods & defaults implementing interimElement
     */
    /* @ngInject */
    function factory($$interimElement, $injector) {
      var defaultMethods;
      var defaultOptions;
      var interimElementService = $$interimElement();

      /*
       * publicService is what the developer will be using.
       * It has methods hide(), cancel(), show(), build(), and any other
       * presets which were set during the config phase.
       */
      var publicService = {
        hide: interimElementService.hide,
        cancel: interimElementService.cancel,
        show: showInterimElement,

        // Special internal method to destroy an interim element without animations
        // used when navigation changes causes a $scope.$destroy() action
        destroy : destroyInterimElement
      };


      defaultMethods = providerConfig.methods || [];
      // This must be invoked after the publicService is initialized
      defaultOptions = invokeFactory(providerConfig.optionsFactory, {});

      // Copy over the simple custom methods
      angular.forEach(customMethods, function(fn, name) {
        publicService[name] = fn;
      });

      angular.forEach(providerConfig.presets, function(definition, name) {
        var presetDefaults = invokeFactory(definition.optionsFactory, {});
        var presetMethods = (definition.methods || []).concat(defaultMethods);

        // Every interimElement built with a preset has a field called `$type`,
        // which matches the name of the preset.
        // Eg in preset 'confirm', options.$type === 'confirm'
        angular.extend(presetDefaults, { $type: name });

        // This creates a preset class which has setter methods for every
        // method given in the `.addPreset()` function, as well as every
        // method given in the `.setDefaults()` function.
        //
        // @example
        // .setDefaults({
        //   methods: ['hasBackdrop', 'clickOutsideToClose', 'escapeToClose', 'targetEvent'],
        //   options: dialogDefaultOptions
        // })
        // .addPreset('alert', {
        //   methods: ['title', 'ok'],
        //   options: alertDialogOptions
        // })
        //
        // Set values will be passed to the options when interimElement.show() is called.
        function Preset(opts) {
          this._options = angular.extend({}, presetDefaults, opts);
        }
        angular.forEach(presetMethods, function(name) {
          Preset.prototype[name] = function(value) {
            this._options[name] = value;
            return this;
          };
        });

        // Create shortcut method for one-linear methods
        if (definition.argOption) {
          var methodName = 'show' + name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1);
          publicService[methodName] = function(arg) {
            var config = publicService[name](arg);
            return publicService.show(config);
          };
        }

        // eg $mdDialog.alert() will return a new alert preset
        publicService[name] = function(arg) {
          // If argOption is supplied, eg `argOption: 'content'`, then we assume
          // if the argument is not an options object then it is the `argOption` option.
          //
          // @example `$mdToast.simple('hello')` // sets options.content to hello
          //                                     // because argOption === 'content'
          if (arguments.length && definition.argOption &&
              !angular.isObject(arg) && !angular.isArray(arg))  {

            return (new Preset())[definition.argOption](arg);

          } else {
            return new Preset(arg);
          }

        };
      });

      return publicService;

      /**
       *
       */
      function showInterimElement(opts) {
        // opts is either a preset which stores its options on an _options field,
        // or just an object made up of options
        opts = opts || { };
        if (opts._options) opts = opts._options;

        return interimElementService.show(
          angular.extend({}, defaultOptions, opts)
        );
      }

      /**
       *  Special method to hide and destroy an interimElement WITHOUT
       *  any 'leave` or hide animations ( an immediate force hide/remove )
       *
       *  NOTE: This calls the onRemove() subclass method for each component...
       *  which must have code to respond to `options.$destroy == true`
       */
      function destroyInterimElement(opts) {
          return interimElementService.destroy(opts);
      }

      /**
       * Helper to call $injector.invoke with a local of the factory name for
       * this provider.
       * If an $mdDialog is providing options for a dialog and tries to inject
       * $mdDialog, a circular dependency error will happen.
       * We get around that by manually injecting $mdDialog as a local.
       */
      function invokeFactory(factory, defaultVal) {
        var locals = {};
        locals[interimFactoryName] = publicService;
        return $injector.invoke(factory || function() { return defaultVal; }, {}, locals);
      }
    }
  }

  /* @ngInject */
  function InterimElementFactory($document, $q, $rootScope, $timeout, $rootElement, $animate,
                                 $mdUtil, $mdCompiler, $mdTheming, $injector, $exceptionHandler) {
    return function createInterimElementService() {
      var SHOW_CANCELLED = false;

      /**
       * @ngdoc service
       * @name $$interimElementProvider.$service
       *
       * @description
       * A service used to control inserting and removing of an element from the DOM.
       * It is used by $mdBottomSheet, $mdDialog, $mdToast, $mdMenu, $mdPanel, and $mdSelect.
       */
      var service;

      var showPromises = []; // Promises for the interim's which are currently opening.
      var hidePromises = []; // Promises for the interim's which are currently hiding.
      var showingInterims = []; // Interim elements which are currently showing up.

      // Publish instance $$interimElement service;
      return service = {
        show: show,
        hide: waitForInterim(hide),
        cancel: waitForInterim(cancel),
        destroy : destroy,
        $injector_: $injector
      };

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $$interimElementProvider.$service#show
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Adds the `$interimElement` to the DOM and returns a special promise that will be resolved
       * or rejected with hide or cancel, respectively.
       *
       * @param {Object} options map of options and values
       * @returns {Promise} a Promise that will be resolved when hide() is called or rejected when
       *  cancel() is called.
       */
      function show(options) {
        options = options || {};
        var interimElement = new InterimElement(options || {});

        // When an interim element is currently showing, we have to cancel it.
        // Just hiding it, will resolve the InterimElement's promise, the promise should be
        // rejected instead.
        var hideAction = options.multiple ? $q.resolve() : $q.all(showPromises);

        if (!options.multiple) {
          // Wait for all opening interim's to finish their transition.
          hideAction = hideAction.then(function() {
            // Wait for all closing and showing interim's to be completely closed.
            var promiseArray = hidePromises.concat(showingInterims.map(service.cancel));
            return $q.all(promiseArray);
          });
        }

        var showAction = hideAction.then(function() {

          return interimElement
            .show()
            .then(function () {
              showingInterims.push(interimElement);
            })
            .catch(function (reason) {
              return reason;
            })
            .finally(function() {
              showPromises.splice(showPromises.indexOf(showAction), 1);
            });

        });

        showPromises.push(showAction);

        // In AngularJS 1.6+, exceptions inside promises will cause a rejection. We need to handle
        // the rejection and only log it if it's an error.
        interimElement.deferred.promise.catch(function(fault) {
          if (fault instanceof Error) {
            $exceptionHandler(fault);
          }

          return fault;
        });

        // Return a promise that will be resolved when the interim
        // element is hidden or cancelled...
        return interimElement.deferred.promise;
      }

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $$interimElementProvider.$service#hide
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Removes the `$interimElement` from the DOM and resolves the Promise returned from `show()`.
       *
       * @param {*} reason Data used to resolve the Promise
       * @param {object} options map of options and values
       * @returns {Promise} a Promise that will be resolved after the element has been removed
       *  from the DOM.
       */
      function hide(reason, options) {
        options = options || {};

        if (options.closeAll) {
          // We have to make a shallow copy of the array, because otherwise the map will break.
          return $q.all(showingInterims.slice().reverse().map(closeElement));
        } else if (options.closeTo !== undefined) {
          return $q.all(showingInterims.slice(options.closeTo).map(closeElement));
        }

        // Hide the latest showing interim element.
        return closeElement(showingInterims[showingInterims.length - 1]);

        /**
         * @param {InterimElement} interim element to close
         * @returns {Promise<InterimElement>}
         */
        function closeElement(interim) {
          if (!interim) {
            return $q.when(reason);
          }

          var hideAction = interim
            .remove(reason, false, options || { })
            .catch(function(reason) { return reason; })
            .finally(function() {
              hidePromises.splice(hidePromises.indexOf(hideAction), 1);
            });

          showingInterims.splice(showingInterims.indexOf(interim), 1);
          hidePromises.push(hideAction);

          return interim.deferred.promise;
        }
      }

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $$interimElementProvider.$service#cancel
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Removes the `$interimElement` from the DOM and rejects the Promise returned from `show()`.
       *
       * @param {*} reason Data used to resolve the Promise
       * @param {object} options map of options and values
       * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved after the element has been removed
       *  from the DOM.
       */
      function cancel(reason, options) {
        var interim = showingInterims.pop();
        if (!interim) {
          return $q.when(reason);
        }

        var cancelAction = interim
          .remove(reason, true, options || {})
          .catch(function(reason) { return reason; })
          .finally(function() {
            hidePromises.splice(hidePromises.indexOf(cancelAction), 1);
          });

        hidePromises.push(cancelAction);

        // Since AngularJS 1.6.7, promises will be logged to $exceptionHandler when the promise
        // is not handling the rejection. We create a pseudo catch handler, which will prevent the
        // promise from being logged to the $exceptionHandler.
        return interim.deferred.promise.catch(angular.noop);
      }

      /**
       * Creates a function to wait for at least one interim element to be available.
       * @param callbackFn Function to be used as callback
       * @returns {Function}
       */
      function waitForInterim(callbackFn) {
        return function() {
          var fnArguments = arguments;

          if (!showingInterims.length) {
            // When there are still interim's opening, then wait for the first interim element to
            // finish its open animation.
            if (showPromises.length) {
              return showPromises[0].finally(function () {
                return callbackFn.apply(service, fnArguments);
              });
            }

            return $q.when("No interim elements currently showing up.");
          }

          return callbackFn.apply(service, fnArguments);
        };
      }

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $$interimElementProvider.$service#destroy
       * @kind function
       *
       * Special method to quick-remove the interim element without running animations. This is
       * useful when the parent component has been or is being destroyed.
       *
       * Note: interim elements are in "interim containers".
       */
      function destroy(targetEl) {
        var interim = !targetEl ? showingInterims.shift() : null;

        var parentEl = angular.element(targetEl).length && angular.element(targetEl)[0].parentNode;

        if (parentEl) {
          // Try to find the interim in the stack which corresponds to the supplied DOM element.
          var filtered = showingInterims.filter(function(entry) {
            return entry.options.element[0] === parentEl;
          });

          // Note: This function might be called when the element already has been removed,
          // in which case we won't find any matches.
          if (filtered.length) {
            interim = filtered[0];
            showingInterims.splice(showingInterims.indexOf(interim), 1);
          }
        }

        return interim ? interim.remove(SHOW_CANCELLED, false, { '$destroy': true }) :
                         $q.when(SHOW_CANCELLED);
      }

      /*
       * Internal Interim Element Object
       * Used internally to manage the DOM element and related data
       */
      function InterimElement(options) {
        var self, element, showAction = $q.when(true);

        options = configureScopeAndTransitions(options);

        return self = {
          options : options,
          deferred: $q.defer(),
          show    : createAndTransitionIn,
          remove  : transitionOutAndRemove
        };

        /**
         * Compile, link, and show this interim element. Use optional autoHide and transition-in
         * effects.
         * @return {Q.Promise}
         */
        function createAndTransitionIn() {
          return $q(function(resolve, reject) {

            // Trigger onCompiling callback before the compilation starts.
            // This is useful, when modifying options, which can be influenced by developers.
            options.onCompiling && options.onCompiling(options);

            compileElement(options)
              .then(function(compiledData) {
                element = linkElement(compiledData, options);

                // Expose the cleanup function from the compiler.
                options.cleanupElement = compiledData.cleanup;

                showAction = showElement(element, options, compiledData.controller)
                  .then(resolve, rejectAll);
              }).catch(rejectAll);

            function rejectAll(fault) {
              // Force the '$md<xxx>.show()' promise to reject
              self.deferred.reject(fault);

              // Continue rejection propagation
              reject(fault);
            }
          });
        }

        /**
         * After the show process has finished/rejected:
         * - announce 'removing',
         * - perform the transition-out, and
         * - perform optional clean up scope.
         */
        function transitionOutAndRemove(response, isCancelled, opts) {

          // abort if the show() and compile failed
          if (!element) return $q.when(false);

          options = angular.extend(options || {}, opts || {});
          options.cancelAutoHide && options.cancelAutoHide();
          options.element.triggerHandler('$mdInterimElementRemove');

          if (options.$destroy === true) {

            return hideElement(options.element, options).then(function(){
              (isCancelled && rejectAll(response)) || resolveAll(response);
            });

          } else {
            $q.when(showAction).finally(function() {
              hideElement(options.element, options).then(function() {
                isCancelled ? rejectAll(response) : resolveAll(response);
              }, rejectAll);
            });

            return self.deferred.promise;
          }


          /**
           * The `show()` returns a promise that will be resolved when the interim
           * element is hidden or cancelled...
           */
          function resolveAll(response) {
            self.deferred.resolve(response);
          }

          /**
           * Force the '$md<xxx>.show()' promise to reject
           */
          function rejectAll(fault) {
            self.deferred.reject(fault);
          }
        }

        /**
         * Prepare optional isolated scope and prepare $animate with default enter and leave
         * transitions for the new element instance.
         */
        function configureScopeAndTransitions(options) {
          options = options || { };
          if (options.template) {
            options.template = $mdUtil.processTemplate(options.template);
          }

          return angular.extend({
            preserveScope: false,
            cancelAutoHide : angular.noop,
            scope: options.scope || $rootScope.$new(options.isolateScope),

            /**
             * Default usage to enable $animate to transition-in; can be easily overridden via 'options'
             */
            onShow: function transitionIn(scope, element, options) {
              return $animate.enter(element, options.parent);
            },

            /**
             * Default usage to enable $animate to transition-out; can be easily overridden via 'options'
             */
            onRemove: function transitionOut(scope, element) {
              // Element could be undefined if a new element is shown before
              // the old one finishes compiling.
              return element && $animate.leave(element) || $q.when();
            }
          }, options);

        }

        /**
         * Compile an element with a templateUrl, controller, and locals
         * @param {Object} options
         * @return {Q.Promise<{element: JQLite=, link: Function, locals: Object, cleanup: any=,
         *  controller: Object=}>}
         */
        function compileElement(options) {

          var compiled = !options.skipCompile ? $mdCompiler.compile(options) : null;

          return compiled || $q(function (resolve) {
              resolve({
                locals: {},
                link: function () {
                  return options.element;
                }
              });
            });
        }

        /**
         * Link an element with compiled configuration
         * @param {{element: JQLite=, link: Function, locals: Object, controller: Object=}} compileData
         * @param {Object} options
         * @return {JQLite}
         */
        function linkElement(compileData, options) {
          angular.extend(compileData.locals, options);

          var element = compileData.link(options.scope);

          // Search for parent at insertion time, if not specified
          options.element = element;
          options.parent = findParent(element, options);
          if (options.themable) $mdTheming(element);

          return element;
        }

        /**
         * Search for parent at insertion time, if not specified.
         * @param {JQLite} element
         * @param {Object} options
         * @return {JQLite}
         */
        function findParent(element, options) {
          var parent = options.parent;

          // Search for parent at insertion time, if not specified
          if (angular.isFunction(parent)) {
            parent = parent(options.scope, element, options);
          } else if (angular.isString(parent)) {
            parent = angular.element($document[0].querySelector(parent));
          } else {
            parent = angular.element(parent);
          }

          // If parent querySelector/getter function fails, or it's just null,
          // find a default.
          if (!(parent || {}).length) {
            var el;
            if ($rootElement[0] && $rootElement[0].querySelector) {
              el = $rootElement[0].querySelector(':not(svg) > body');
            }
            if (!el) el = $rootElement[0];
            if (el.nodeName === '#comment') {
              el = $document[0].body;
            }
            return angular.element(el);
          }

          return parent;
        }

        /**
         * If auto-hide is enabled, start timer and prepare cancel function
         */
        function startAutoHide() {
          var autoHideTimer, cancelAutoHide = angular.noop;

          if (options.hideDelay) {
            autoHideTimer = $timeout(service.hide, options.hideDelay) ;
            cancelAutoHide = function() {
              $timeout.cancel(autoHideTimer);
            };
          }

          // Cache for subsequent use
          options.cancelAutoHide = function() {
            cancelAutoHide();
            options.cancelAutoHide = undefined;
          };
        }

        /**
         * Show the element (with transitions), notify complete and start optional auto hiding
         * timer.
         * @param {JQLite} element
         * @param {Object} options
         * @param {Object} controller
         * @return {Q.Promise<JQLite>}
         */
        function showElement(element, options, controller) {
          // Trigger onShowing callback before the `show()` starts
          var notifyShowing = options.onShowing || angular.noop;
          // Trigger onComplete callback when the `show()` finishes
          var notifyComplete = options.onComplete || angular.noop;

          // Necessary for consistency between AngularJS 1.5 and 1.6.
          try {
            // This fourth controller parameter is used by $mdDialog in beforeShow().
            notifyShowing(options.scope, element, options, controller);
          } catch (e) {
            return $q.reject(e);
          }

          return $q(function (resolve, reject) {
            try {
              // Start transitionIn
              $q.when(options.onShow(options.scope, element, options))
                .then(function () {
                  notifyComplete(options.scope, element, options);
                  startAutoHide();

                  resolve(element);
                }, reject);

            } catch (e) {
              reject(e.message);
            }
          });
        }

        function hideElement(element, options) {
          var announceRemoving = options.onRemoving || angular.noop;

          return $q(function (resolve, reject) {
            try {
              // Start transitionIn
              var action = $q.when(options.onRemove(options.scope, element, options) || true);

              // Trigger callback *before* the remove operation starts
              announceRemoving(element, action);

              if (options.$destroy) {
                // For $destroy, onRemove should be synchronous
                resolve(element);

                if (!options.preserveScope && options.scope) {
                  // scope destroy should still be be done after the current digest is done
                  action.then(function() { options.scope.$destroy(); });
                }
              } else {
                // Wait until transition-out is done
                action.then(function () {
                  if (!options.preserveScope && options.scope) {
                    options.scope.$destroy();
                  }

                  resolve(element);
                }, reject);
              }
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e.message);
            }
          });
        }

      }
    };
  }
}
@ngdoc service
@name $$interimElementProvider
@module material.core.interimElement

@description

Factory that constructs `$$interimElement.$service` services.
Used internally in material design for elements that appear on screen temporarily.
The service provides a promise-like API for interacting with the temporary
elements.

<hljs lang="js">
  app.service('$mdToast', function($$interimElement) {
    var $mdToast = $$interimElement(toastDefaultOptions);
    return $mdToast;
  });
</hljs>

@param {object=} defaultOptions Options used by default for the `show` method on the service.

@returns {$$interimElement.$service}