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ffd5b83b-792b-47ac-9396-56ce440c9583
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2021/decarbonising-transport-a-better-greener-britain_0e5fa97fb3d78e19b69ccf8f78fdd0cc.pdf
| 2,021
|
[
"Transport",
"Co-benefits",
"Cycling",
"Climate Finance",
"Public Transport",
"Freight",
"EVs",
"Shipping",
"Aviation",
"Walking",
"transport",
"zero",
"emissions",
"emission",
"carbon"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
• Creating a new funding body and inspectorate “Active Travel England” to enforce the standards and raise performance generally. This will include becoming a statutory consultee on planning applications for developments above a certain threshold and ensure that every adult and child who wants it can be trained to cycle confidently and safely.
|
b1244f11-6485-47b2-ba2a-c8a54f51cd77
| 112
|
ffd69898-2b4c-4395-bde2-020514f37baf
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2023/financial-services-and-markets-act-2023_932920a8d8da4ed5a2456d9109b47a62.pdf
| 2,023
|
[
"Finance",
"changes",
"force",
"section",
"financial",
"services"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
(2) The power under subsection (1) is exercisable only by making such modifications as the Treasury consider necessary or desirable for or in connection with one or more of (a) protecting and enhancing the integrity or stability of the financial system operating in the United Kingdom; (b) promoting the safety and soundness of persons providing financial services; (c) promoting effectiveness in the functioning of financial markets; (d) promoting effective competition in the interests of consumers in financial services and markets or persons who use, or are likely to use, services provided by payment systems in the course of business carried on by those persons; (e) facilitating the international competitiveness of the economy of the United Kingdom and its growth in the medium to long term; (f) protecting consumers and those who are, or may become, insurance (g) providing for efficient and effective arrangements in relation to the exercise of functions under the Banking Act 2009 or Part 4 of this Act; (i) implementing, or making changes to reflect, developments in international standards and practices relating to, or applied for the purposes of, the provision of financial services or the operation of financial markets; (j) providing for efficient and effective regulatory, enforcement, investigatory and supervisory arrangements in relation to the provision of financial services or the operation of financial markets; (k) removing provisions that are yet to be commenced or changing the timing of (a) the integrity of the financial system operating in the United Kingdom includes the matters listed in section 1D(2) of FSMA 2000; (b) references to financial markets include references to financial exchanges; (c) “consumer” has the meaning given by section 1G(1) of FSMA 2000; (d) “payment system” has the same meaning as in Part 5 of the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013 (see section 41 of that Act);
4 Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29) CHAPTER 1 – Revocation of assimilated law Document 2025-04-01 This version of this Act contains provisions that are prospective. Changes to Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 01 April 2025. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. (See end of Document for details) View outstanding changes (e) the reference to regulatory arrangements includes (among other things) a reference to arrangements for the making of rules. (4) In modifying legislation for or in connection with a purpose mentioned in subsection (2) regulations under this section may— (a) confer powers on the Treasury or on a regulator; (b) authorise the making of subordinate legislation by the Treasury; (c) authorise the making of rules or other instruments by a regulator; (d) provide for fees to be charged by a regulator in connection with the carrying (e) apply (with or without modifications), or make equivalent or similar provision to, provisions made by or under FSMA 2000 (including criminal offences (5) The power under section 84(2)(c) to make supplementary, incidental, consequential, transitional, transitory or saving provision includes, in relation to regulations under this section, power to restate legislation in a clearer or more accessible way. (6) Before making regulations under this section the Treasury must consult the regulators. (7) The duty under subsection (6), so far as relating to the Bank of England or the Payment Systems Regulator, applies only if, and to the extent that, the Treasury think it appropriate to consult that regulator in view of the modifications being made by the (8) The power under subsection (1) to modify legislation does not include power to (a) primary legislation referred to in Part 4 of Schedule 1; (b) technical standards of the kind mentioned in section 138P(2)(a) of FSMA (c) EU tertiary legislation of the kind mentioned in section 138P(2)(b) of FSMA (9) Regulations under this section that modify only the following kinds of legislation referred to in Schedule 1 are subject to the negative procedure— (b) subordinate legislation that was not subject to affirmative resolution on being (10) Regulations under this section to which subsection (9) does not apply are subject to I22 S. 3 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 86(3) I23 S. 3 in force at 11.7.2023 by S.I. 2023/779, reg. 2(d) 4 Power to restate and modify saved legislation (1) The power under section 86(5) to make saving provision in connection with the revocation of any legislation referred to in Schedule 1 includes power to restate that legislation (as it has effect immediately before its revocation)—
Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29) CHAPTER 1 – Revocation of assimilated law Document 2025-04-01 This version of this Act contains provisions that are prospective. Changes to Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 01 April 2025. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. (See end of Document for details) View outstanding changes (a) by amending primary legislation or subordinate legislation, or (b) by making new subordinate legislation. (2) Regulations made by virtue of subsection (1) may make such modifications of the legislation being restated as the Treasury consider necessary or desirable for or in (a) the purpose of making the law clearer or more accessible, or (b) any of the purposes mentioned in section 3(2). (3) Legislation restated by virtue of subsection (1) is not [F5assimilated] law. (4) Where legislation is restated by virtue of subsection (1), the Treasury may by regulations make such further modifications of that legislation as they consider necessary or desirable for or in connection with a purpose referred to in subsection (2) (5) Subsection (4) of section 3 applies to regulations made under, or by virtue of, this section as it applies to regulations made under that section.
|
60620217-7ea8-4d25-b12c-cbbb5bd7a3f3
| 1
|
ffd76bb2-6899-40db-9fde-3f178f9bf8d1
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.18270v1
| 2,025
|
[
"Rapid urbanization",
"climate change",
"disasters",
"displacement",
"mobility data",
"social factors",
"homophily",
"evacuation",
"destination choice",
"social connections",
"GPS traces",
"online social networks",
"Marshall Fires",
"Colorado",
"behavioral characteristics",
"socio-demographic homophily",
"policy implications",
"disaster impacts",
"return decisions",
"predictive modeling",
"spatial exposure",
"White populations",
"educated populations",
"low-income populations",
"Black populations",
"Asian populations",
"long-term displacement."
] |
arxiv.org
|
Results show higher similarity and connectedness for actual destinations compared to the null model, indicating that social homophily substantially affects the choice of destinations during evacuation. Figures 2a and 2c were designed using icons from the Noun Project created by pictranoosa. the social homophily of realized destinations Si j,Ci j, controlled on the evacuation distance d i j . Thus, the regression model is: {Si j,Ci j } ∼ d i j + SD i . As shown in Figure 3a, the regression coefficients for White percentage and median household income are positive and significant, indicating that evacuees who live in census block groups (CBG) with higher median household income and higher percentage of white population have a greater tendency to select connected and similar destinations, respectively. On the other hand, individuals with higher proportions of Black populations had a higher tendency to evacuate to areas with lower levels of sociodemographic similarity and social connectivity. The full regression tables are shown in Supplementary Table S9 to S14. The observed inequity in realized social homophily during evacuation, shown in Figure 3a, is a significant and substantial difference, however, could be due to the lack of options for Black populations (i.e., there are fewer communities that are sociodemographically similar and socially connected with such communities).
|
e07b3e5a-d209-4e84-afc8-57bf8c38fb2f
| 11
|
ffdb0c7b-60ee-4330-b398-5b32e59c6c41
|
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1036227/E02666137_CP_388_Heat_and_Buildings_Elay.pdf
| 2,021
|
[
"heat",
"energy",
"buildings",
"heating",
"beis"
] |
assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
|
An important element of this work will be supporting the continued development of behaviours and technologies which support achievement of greater comfort, efficiency, and carbon savings in natural gas systems, but which also pave the way for efficient operation for low-carbon heating systems. We will look to test proposals on future boiler and heating system efficiency through our consultation that considers the case for hydrogen-ready boilers, which we are aiming to publish shortly. 5. Greening the gas in the While we are looking to end new gas grid connections in England, new gas boilers will continue to be installed on the existing gas grid well beyond that point. For those already connected to the gas grid, we are exploring how best to improve efficiency and replace the current supply with alternative low-carbon fuels (biomethane and hydrogen) to reduce natural gas demand. This is why we have committed to enabling the blending of hydrogen in the gas grid (up to 20% volume) and continuing to support the deployment of biomethane through the Green Gas Support 404 BEIS (2021), ‘Sustainable protecting vulnerable households in England’ ( 405 BEIS (2021), ‘Boiler initial policy review’ ( 406 BEIS (2020), ‘Energy-related call for evidence’ (
Biomethane injection from anaerobic digestion is currently supported by the Non- Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive and will receive future support under the Green Gas Support Scheme for Great Britain, which is expected to run from November 2021 for 4 years for new applicates. The primary objective for this policy is to increase the proportion of green gas in the grid, which will in turn reduce gas-grid-related emissions through providing a greener source of natural gas. The funds will be raised by the Green Gas Levy, which is also expected to launch in November 2021 – with the first levy payment from gas suppliers being collected in April 2022. This support for the biomethane sector will lead to carbon savings of up to 3.7 MtCO2e over carbon budgets 4 and 5 and 8.2 MtCO2e over the lifetime of the scheme.407 It will also help to boost green jobs by maintaining and building growth in the biomethane industry at a time when economic recovery will be very Unlocking the potential of hydrogen for heating We will work in partnership with industry to test and evaluate the potential of hydrogen as an option for heating our homes and workplaces. This will include ensuring that we clearly define the evidence needed to make a policy decision about the role hydrogen for heating can play in our future energy system. We are supporting the gas industry to deliver core research and development projects, such as developing new appliances and testing conversion of the gas grid including through community trials. Further detail is included in section 4.3 Research and innovation. This work will allow us to evaluate the technical and practical feasibility of using hydrogen instead of natural gas for heating and provide an assessment of the expected costs, benefits and impacts, and practical In advance of our strategic decision in 2026 on the role of hydrogen in heating buildings, we aim to consult on enabling, or requiring, new gas boilers to be readily convertible to hydrogen (‘hydrogen-ready’) by 2026 to prepare homes for a potential hydrogen conversion. We will also use this consultation to test proposals on the future of broader boiler and heating system efficiency and explore the best ways to reduce carbon emissions from our heating systems We will continue to work with industry to test and evaluate the potential role for hydrogen in heating our buildings and will take strategic decisions in 2026. 407 Assuming that the scheme would be open for four years, and the tariff payments would be for 15 years. Building a market for heat pumps Hydronic heat pumps are the only currently proven scalable low-carbon heat technology. Therefore, we need to take action now to build a market for them, and to prepare buildings for their installation. Heat pumps will be a key technology for • properties not connected to the gas grid • new-builds (following the launch of the Future Homes and Future Buildings Standards • properties that do not have an opportunity to connect to a local heat network • consumers that may prefer to install a heat pump over other low-carbon alternatives (for example, as part of broader improvements to create a ‘smart home’) Even in a scenario where hydrogen is the predominant heat source for the UK, the CCC estimate that around 13 million heat pumps (including hybrid heat pumps) would be used in We acknowledge the recommendations provided by many stakeholders to increase our • Centrica, PwC and Energy UK state that we should have 1 million low-carbon heating systems by 2025409, many of which will be heat pumps • The CBI410 have advised that we aim to deploy 1 million heat pump installations a • the CCC advised that we aim to install 1 million heat pumps per year in homes by • E3G have advised installing 10 million heat pumps in total by 2030412 We believe that in all future heat scenarios, 600,000 hydronic heat pump installations per year is the minimum market size that will be required by 2028 to be on track to deliver Net Zero. As part of this, we will aim for cost parity between heat pumps and gas boilers by 2030 with significant cost reductions of at least 25-50% by 2025 and ensuring heat pumps are no more expensive to buy and run than boilers by 2030. 408 CCC (2020), ‘Sixth Carbon Budget’ ( 409 Centrica, PwC and Energy UK (2020), ‘Rebuilding the UK economy’ ( work/pwc-and-energy-uk-rebuilding-the-uk-economy.html). 410 CBI (2020), ‘Net the road to low-carbon heat’ ( 411 CCC (2020), ‘Sixth Carbon Budget’ ( 412 E3G (2020), Getting on Track to Net Ten million heat pumps for homes by 2030’ (
It may ultimately prove desirable to pursue greater levels of heat pump deployment.
|
710ffa41-9df1-446a-980c-5c5a07bf8bf3
| 56
|
ffe1db6d-0ea4-43ec-8b1b-0a3942d4e35e
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2020/finance-act-2020_c9466068e740c31be6b3860aa3962da6.pdf
| 2,020
|
[
"Energy",
"Finance",
"Carbon Pricing",
"section",
"paragraph",
"company",
"period",
"amount"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
“employment-related scheme” means the coronavirus job retention scheme or the coronavirus statutory sick pay rebate scheme; “the self-employment income support scheme” means the scheme (as it has effect from time to time) that is the subject of the direction given by the Treasury on 30 April 2020 under section 76 of the Coronavirus Act 2020. (6) Examples of coronavirus business support grant schemes as at 24 June 2020 include— (a) the small business grant fund that is the subject of the guidance about that scheme and the retail, hospitality and leisure grant fund published by the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy on 1 April 2020; (b) the retail, hospitality and leisure grant fund that is the subject of that guidance; (c) the local authority discretionary grants fund that is the subject of the guidance about that scheme published by the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy on 13 May 2020; (d) the schemes corresponding to the small business grant fund, retail and hospitality grant fund and local authority discretionary grants fund in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 107 Enterprise management disqualifying events (1) The modifications made by this section apply for the purposes of determining whether a disqualifying event occurs or is treated as occurring in relation to an employee in accordance with section 535 of ITEPA 2003 (enterprise management disqualifying events relating to employee). (2) Paragraph 26 of Schedule 5 to ITEPA 2003 (requirement as to commitment of working time) has effect as if, in sub-paragraph (3)— (a) the “or” at the end of paragraph (c) were omitted, and (b) at the end of paragraph (d), there were inserted “, or (e) not being required to work for reasons connected with coronavirus disease (within the meaning given by section 1(1) of the Coronavirus Act 2020).” (3) Paragraph 27 of that Schedule (meaning of “working time”) has effect as if, in sub- paragraph (1)(b), for “(d)” there were substituted “(e)”. (4) Section 535 of ITEPA 2003 has effect as if, in the closing words of subsection (3), for “(d)” there were substituted “(e)”. (5) The modifications made by this section have effect in relation to the period— (a) beginning with 19 March 2020, and (6) The Treasury may by regulations made in the tax year 2020-21 amend subsection (5) (b) by replacing “2021” with “2022”. 108 Protected pension age of members re-employed as a result of coronavirus (1) In FA 2004, in Schedule 36 (pension schemes etc), paragraph 22 (rights to take benefit before normal minimum pension age) is amended as follows. (2) In sub-paragraph (7F), at the end of paragraph (b) insert “, and
PART 4 – Miscellaneous and final Document 2023-04-25 This is the original version (as it was originally enacted). (c) that the member is or was employed as mentioned in sub- (i) the employment began at any time during the coronavirus (ii) the only or main reason that the member was taken into employment was to help the employer to respond to the public health, social, economic or other effects of (3) After sub-paragraph (7J) insert— “(7K) In sub-paragraph (7F)(c)— “coronavirus” has the same meaning as in the Coronavirus Act 2020 (see section 1(1) of that Act); “the coronavirus period” means the period beginning with 1 March 2020 and ending with 1 November 2020. (7L) The Treasury may by regulations amend the definition of “the coronavirus period” in sub-paragraph (7K) so as to replace the later of the dates specified in it with another date falling before 6 April 2021. (7M) The power in sub-paragraph (7L) may be exercised on more than one (4) The amendments made by this section are treated as having come into force on 1 109 Modifications of the statutory residence test in connection with coronavirus (1) This section applies for the purposes of determining— (a) whether an individual was or was not resident in the United Kingdom for the tax year 2019-20 for the purposes of relevant tax, and (b) if an individual was not so resident in the United Kingdom for the tax year 2019-20 (including as a result of this section), whether the individual was or was not resident in the United Kingdom for the tax year 2020-21 for the “Relevant tax” has the meaning given by paragraph 1(4) of Schedule 45 to FA 2013 (2) That Schedule is modified in accordance with subsections (3) to (13). (3) Paragraph 8 (second automatic UK days at overseas homes) has effect as if after sub-paragraph (5) there were inserted— “(5A) For the purposes of sub-paragraphs (1)(b) and (4), a day does not count as a day when P is present at a home of P’s in the UK if it is a day that would fall within the third case in paragraph 22 (7) (if P were present in the UK (4) Paragraph 22 (key days spent) has effect as if— (a) in sub-paragraph (2), for “two cases” there were substituted “three cases”; (b) after sub-paragraph (6) there were inserted—
PART 4 – Miscellaneous and final Document 2023-04-25 This is the original version (as it was originally enacted). (a) that day falls within the period beginning with 1 March 2020 and ending with 1 June 2020, (b) on that day P is present in the UK for an applicable reason related to coronavirus disease, and (c) in the tax year in question, P is resident in a territory outside the UK (“the overseas territory”).
|
ca3b9b92-77db-4231-8c6a-3d8df4630cf3
| 32
|
ffe45523-2bd4-4950-a8fb-a98fe0081d6a
|
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32009L0073
| 2,009
|
[
"Electricity and heat",
"Gas",
"Energy efficiency",
"Renewables",
"Other low-carbon technologies and fuel switch"
] |
eur-lex.europa.eu
|
Member States shall ensure the provision of single points of contact to provide consumers with all necessary information concerning their rights, current legislation and the means of dispute settlement available to them in the event of a dispute. Such contact points may be part of general consumer information points. Member States shall ensure that an independent mechanism such as an energy ombudsman or a consumer body is in place in order to ensure efficient treatment of complaints and out-of-court dispute settlements. 10. Member States may decide not to apply the provisions of Article 4 with respect to distribution insofar as their application would obstruct, in law or in fact, the performance of the obligations imposed on natural gas undertakings in the general economic interest and insofar as the development of trade would not be affected to such an extent as would be contrary to the interests of the Community. The interests of the Community include, inter alia, competition with regard to eligible customers in accordance with this Directive and Article 86 of the Treaty. 11. Member States shall, upon implementation of this Directive, inform the Commission of all measures adopted to fulfil public service obligations, including consumer and environmental protection, and their possible effect on national and international competition, whether or not such measures require a derogation from the provisions of this Directive. They shall notify the Commission subsequently every two years of any changes to such measures, whether or not they require a derogation from this Directive.
|
468e5f96-94f7-4694-bfed-829608c266ef
| 18
|
ffec7705-0522-4500-ae2c-effc34f315bc
|
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:199:0001:0136:EN:PDF
| 2,008
|
[
"Transport",
"Light-duty vehicles",
"Energy efficiency"
] |
eur-lex.europa.eu
|
4.9. Checking the conformity of a vehicle fuelled by LPG or natural gas
4.9.1. Tests for conformity of production may be performed with a commercial fuel of which the C3C4 ratio lies
between those of the reference fuels in the case of LPG, or of which the Wobbe index lies between those of the
extreme reference fuels in the case of NG. In that case a fuel analysis shall be presented to the approval authority. L 19926
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
28.7.2008
4.10. Checking the conformity of vehicle for smoke opacity
4.10.1.
|
d3fc6859-41cb-4ee2-997b-90ebc4f9b481
| 73
|
ffee178e-bf24-493a-a9de-99e0a4ca7732
|
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/27/part/1
| 2,008
|
[
"s.i. 2023/118",
"net uk carbon account u.k.",
"greenhouse gas emissions",
"statutory instrument",
"next budgetary period"
] |
legislation.gov.uk
|
(4) The report must outline the implications of the proposals and policies as regards the crediting of carbon units to the net UK carbon account for each budgetary period covered by the report. (5) So far as the report relates to proposals and policies of the Scottish Ministers, the Welsh Ministers or a Northern Ireland department, it must be prepared in consultation with that authority. (6) The Secretary of State must send a copy of the report to those authorities. 15 Duty to have regard to need for UK domestic action on climate change U.K. (1) In exercising functions under this Part involving consideration of how to meet- (a) the target in section 1(1) (the target for 2050), or (b) the carbon budget for any period, the Secretary of State must have regard to the need for UK domestic action on climate change. (2) " UK domestic action on climate change " means reductions in UK emissions of targeted greenhouse gases or increases in UK removals of such gases (or both). Determination whether objectives met U.K. 16 Annual statement of UK emissions U.K. (1) It is the duty of the Secretary of State to lay before Parliament in respect of each year, beginning with the year 2008, a statement containing the following information. (2) In respect of each greenhouse gas (whether or not a targeted greenhouse gas), it must- (a) state the amount for the year of UK emissions, UK removals and net UK emissions of that gas, (b) identify the methods used to measure or calculate those amounts, and (c) state whether any of those amounts represents an increase or decrease compared to the equivalent amount for the previous year. (3) It must state the aggregate amount for the year of UK emissions, UK removals and net UK emissions of all greenhouse gases. (4) If in accordance with international carbon reporting practice a change of method is such as to require adjustment of an amount for an earlier year in the same budgetary period, it must specify the adjustment required and state the adjusted amount. (5) If emissions of a greenhouse gas from international aviation or international shipping are not required to be included in the statement by virtue of subsection (2), it must state any amounts relating to such emissions that the United Kingdom is required to report for the year in accordance with international carbon reporting practice. (6) It must- (a) state the total amount of carbon units that have been credited to or debited from the net UK carbon account for the year, and (b) give details of the number and type of those carbon units. (7) It must state the amount of the net UK carbon account for the year. (8) It must state- (a) the amount of net UK emissions of carbon dioxide for the year 1990, (b) the amount of net UK emissions of each targeted greenhouse gas other than carbon dioxide for the year that is the base year for that gas, and (c) a baseline amount for each greenhouse gas that is not a targeted greenhouse gas, determined on such basis as the Secretary of State considers appropriate. (9) The amount referred to in subsection (8)(c) may be- (a) the amount of net UK emissions of the gas for the year 1990 or a different year, or (b) the average amount of net UK emissions of the gas for a number of years. (10) The statement required by this section must be laid before Parliament not later than 31st March in the second year following that to which it relates. (11) The Secretary of State must send a copy of the statement to the other national authorities. 17 Powers to carry amounts from one budgetary period to another U.K. (1) The Secretary of State may decide to carry back part of the carbon budget for a budgetary period to the preceding budgetary period. The carbon budget for the later period is reduced, and that for the earlier period increased, by the amount carried back. (2) The amount carried back under subsection (1) must not exceed 1% of the carbon budget for the later period. (3) The Secretary of State may decide to carry forward the whole or part of any amount by which the carbon budget for a budgetary period exceeds the net UK carbon account for the period. The amount of the carbon budget for the next budgetary period is increased by the amount carried forward. (4) Before deciding to carry an amount back or forward under this section, the Secretary of State must- (a) consult the other national authorities, and (b) obtain, and take into account, the advice of the Committee on Climate Change. (5) Any such decision must be made no later than 31st May in the second year after the end of the earlier of the two budgetary periods affected. 18 Final statement for budgetary period U.K. (1) It is the duty of the Secretary of State to lay before Parliament in respect of each budgetary period a statement containing the following information. (2) In respect of each targeted greenhouse gas, it must state the final amount for the period of UK emissions, UK removals and net UK emissions of that gas. That is the total of the amounts (or adjusted amounts) stated under section 16 (annual statement of UK emissions) in respect of that gas for the years included in the period. (3) It must- (a) state the final amount of carbon units that have been credited to or debited from the net UK carbon account for the period, and (b) give details of the number and type of those carbon units. (4) It must state the final amount of the net UK carbon account for the period. (5) It must state whether the Secretary of State has decided to carry an amount back under section 17(1) (power to carry amount back from the budget for the next budgetary period), and if so what amount.
|
5f6e0789-61b6-4280-9f82-c3a8e25857fa
| 2
|
fff7b43c-b2fa-4ac3-9f10-eef7140ae62f
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2021/carbon-budget-delivery-plan_19fa3072ff04d7abab9199e50abfb92c.pdf
| 2,023
|
[
"Economy-wide",
"policy",
"carbon",
"emissions",
"energy",
"support"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
Supplier thresholds were lowered to 200,000 domestic customers from ‘Innovation’ element was introduced to incentivise new better performing measures and cost-effective delivery techniques (up to 10% of scheme), and up to a further 10% of scheme for understand measure performance. The LA Flexible Eligibility mechanism was Implemented 2018 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 n/a Implemented n/a 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 announced that ECO will be replaced with a new, lower cost scheme that will run for 5 years (to March 2022) and will tackle the root causes of fuel poverty. The 5-year extension will take place in the two phases, with the ECO Extension (April 2017 - Sept 2018) acting as a bridge between the expired ECO scheme and the new fuel poverty focused scheme, ECO 3, which will run from December 2018 to March 2022. The Local Authority Flexible Eligible mechanism was introduced under ECO2 Extension, enabling LAs to determine eligibility and refer households to obligated suppliers. Up to 10% of Affordable Warmth could be Implemented 2017 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 (ECO) is a statutory obligation on energy suppliers with over 250,000 domestic customers and delivering over a certain amount of electricity or gas to make reductions in carbon emissions or achieve heating cost savings in domestic households. ECO focuses on insulation measures, and also heating improvements to low Expired 2013 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Policy Characteristics Savings (MtCO2e) Policy Description Implementati income and vulnerable households. It ran until March 2017. ECO initially ran to March 2015 (also known as ‘ECO1’) and was extended in April 2014 to EEC GB wide regulation that required all electricity and gas domestic customers to achieve a combined energy saving of 62 TWh by 2005 by incentivising their customers to install energy-efficiency measures in EEC II - energy suppliers with more than 50,000 domestic customers required to deliver a total of 130 TWh lifetime energy use reductions in GB households, primarily through the promotion of energy efficiency Carbon Emission Reduction Target (CERT) – GB regulation that required all domestic energy suppliers with a customer base in excess of 50,000 domestic customers to make savings in the amount of CO2 emitted by Expired 2002 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) are required when any building is sold, rented out or constructed, and sometimes after refurbishment work. EPCs give information on a building's energy efficiency in a sliding scale from 'A' (very efficient) to 'G' (least Implemented 2007 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Policy Characteristics Savings (MtCO2e) Policy Description Implementati scheme for all large undertakings (non- SMEs) in response to requirements contained Article 8 of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU). Organisations which employ 250 or more people, or employ fewer than 250 people but have both an annual turnover exceeding £38.9m and an annual balance sheet total exceeding £33.4m, must measure their total energy consumption and carry out audits of the energy used by their buildings, industrial processes and transport to identify cost-effective December 2015 and every four years thereafter. It is estimated that around 10,000 organisations will participate in Implemented 2014 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 The F-gas regulations introduced a 79% phase down in the quantities of hydrofluorocarbons that can be placed on the EU market and was delivered via a gradually reducing quota system; a number of bans on the use of certain F gases in some new equipment; a ban on the use of very high GWP HFCs for the servicing of certain types of refrigeration equipment; and some strengthening of obligations in the 2007 regulation relating to leak checking, repairs, F gas recovery and technician training. These regulations were introduced by the EU in 2014 and Implemented 2014 3.8 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.5 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.8 7.1 7.4 7.6 7.9 Forestry policies are a range of post- 2009 policies aimed at driving afforestation and reforestation. Relevant policies are quantified in the aggregate 'Forestry policies'. Implemented Various -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 (GGSS) is a tariff subsidy to support the generation of biomethane by anaerobic digestion, for injection into the gas grid. It launched in November 2021 and will be open for applications until 2025, operating in England, Scotland and Wales. It is funded Implemented 2021 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Policy Characteristics Savings (MtCO2e) Policy Description Implementati GHNF is £328m fund that provides capital support to develop low carbon heat network infrastructure. Its objective is to accelerate the low carbon transition of new and existing heat networks and increase waste heat recovery from heat sources not currently exploited. GHNF supports greater deployment of large heat pumps (air-source, ground-source and water-source), waste-heat recovery (including heat exchangers and heat industrial/commercial processes and energy-from-waste plants), solar thermal with storage, and biomass (where this is sustainably sourced and complies with air-quality legislation). Implemented 2021 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 The GHG Local Authority Delivery Scheme (LAD) is a scheme of up to £500m for energy efficiency low- carbon heating improvements for low- Implemented 2020 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 scheme was announced in 2020 as an economic stimulus scheme. It opened on 30th September 2020, but early closure was announced resulting in applications ending on 31st March 2021. Up to £320m budget is allocated for FY21/22, but current applications will come out of this budget.
|
f1206e39-e30b-4828-a2d4-296506ac6fd1
| 6
|
fff9f7d3-d8fb-40cf-aa4f-df3c92b60d97
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01398v1
| 2,019
|
[
"economy",
"business",
"world",
"people",
"social"
] |
arxiv.org
|
Given Tesla's industry-shaking decision in 2014 to make all its patents publicly available and free to use 916 , there might even be a case for Tesla receiving corporate tax-exemption in the United States because its research-based production activities could be considered in the public interest. An easier route to converting your for-profit company to an NFP structure might be to start an NFP foundation that receives 100 percent of the profits from your business, as in the case of multinational food company Newman's Own, which donates all after-tax profits and royalties to the Newman's Own Foundation. <SHIFT TO CH. 2> Alternatively, full or partial ownership 917 of a company can be donated to an NFP trust or foundation, creating what is referred to as industrial or shareholder foundations 918 . In Northern European countries and elsewhere (less so in America 919 ), such a structure has a long and successful history. Prominent companies that are solely or mostly owned by NFP foundations or trusts include:
• Trader Joe's (100 percent -Markus Foundation) • Aldi Süd (100 percent -Siepmann Foundation) 913 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1008605309347. 914 https://hbr.org/2014/09/profits-without-prosperity. 915 To raise capital, in 1997 Nationwide Mutual Insurance had publicly issued 20 percent of its stock in Nationwide Financial Services, a separate legal entity. 916 https://www.teslamotors.com/blog/all-our-patent-are-belong-you. 917 Can relate to voting rights. Minority outside ownership, including on publicly traded platforms, exists for many industrial foundations. 42 percent of companies are not 100% foundation owned, 13 percent have publicly listed shares, and 73 percent of the foundations have a general charitable purpose <REF>. 918 Industrial foundations are defined as "…independent legal entities without owners or members typically with the dual objective of preserving the company and using excess profits for charity" Børsting, Christa and Kuhn, Johan and Poulsen, Thomas and Thomsen, Steen, Long-Term Ownership by Industrial Foundations (January 31, 2016). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2725462 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2725462 919 "Industrial foundations were common in the US, prior to 1969 tax legislation that effectively prohibited private foundations from owning more than 20% of the voting shares in a business corporation" REF: Fleishman in Hansmen and Thomsen http://economics.mit.edu/files/8783. Other companies-such as Carlsberg, Hershey's, Novo Nordisk, Maersk, and Trelleborg-are partially owned by trusts and foundations, which have less than half of the ownership rights but the majority of voting shares. What is more, the largest ever research project on industrial foundations (focused on Denmark, given its prominent concentration of such structures 920 ) shows that compared to other types of companies, industrial foundations last five times longer, have less employee turnover (including at the management level), pay higher average salaries, and hold less debt. 921 Crucial to these advantages is the fact that they are required to have independent boards rather than directors who have a personal stake in the company's profits, as is common in large, for-profit companies. 922 If converting to an NFP structure is too much of a stretch, you can still move your company in the NFP direction. Consider adding a distribution cap to your company bylaws and writing a social purpose into your corporate charter. Other legal structures (see Chapter 2)-such as employee-ownership, a worker cooperative, a community interest company limited by shares in the United Kingdom, or benefit corporation in certain US states-may serve such a shift to an NFP direction as well as providing economic advantages. The for-profit business community has a great deal to offer emerging NFP enterprises. Business mentorship, board membership, and joint ventures are just a few of the ways business people (and NFP entrepreneurs themselves) can aid with the rise of NFP enterprise. Accelerating the shift to the NFP World requires strengthening and expanding existing legislation. If you work in this field, you can help maintain existing NFP tax exemptions for eligible groups. 923 You can also help expand the types of NFP activity that are eligible for tax exemptions. For many countries, this likely involves clarifying and widening the legal meaning of "charitable purpose," as was done in Australia in 2013 924 . Given the decision to forgo private ownership can be viewed as a socially oriented act of goodwill, we see any NFP with a broadly defined social purpose as worthy of tax exemptions. 920 There are more than 1300 foundations in Denmark. REF: Thomsen, S. (2013) 'Industrial Foundations in the Danish Economy' Center for Corporate Governance. Department of International Economics and Management. Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg. 921 http://www.cbs.dk/en/research/departments-and-centres/department-of-internationaleconomics-and-management/center-corporate-governance/news/industrial-foundations-liveforever. 922 REF: 923 E.g., credit unions in the US, and NFPs with unrelated business activities in Australia. 924 Charities Act 2013 -https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013A00100 Indeed, in Nordic countries, an NFP foundation "running a business for the good of society is considered an acceptable charitable aim." 925 Expanding tax exemptions across the spectrum of enterprises by broadening the criteria for what is required to "serve society's needs" could provide incentive for social entrepreneurs considering the NFP route in typically for-profit industries such as hospitality, construction, energy, and manufacturing. More fundamentally, you can support the right for NFP organizations to engage in trade. This means allowing NFPs to maintain surplus funds from year to year 926 , enabling them to function as any other business would. You can lobby for the rights of NFPs to conduct unrelated business (to fund their primary mission) without jeopardizing their tax exemptions. You can also make the case that NFPs forming business partnerships with other NFPs to create greater market accessibility should be excluded from anti-trust legislation, as long as they are still in accordance with the law, using all of their resources for social benefit. Since your government role confers a degree of public authority, you are well-positioned to raise awareness about the ability of NFPs to generate their own income. If you are working for a finance or business ministry, chamber of commerce, business bureau, or economic arm of government, consciously including NFP businesses (as well as for-profit co-ops and employee owned companies) when describing "the business community" in official communications helps change the story.
|
7aa7f968-38f8-4177-8669-ac6d65db7e5a
| 112
|
fffe40ee-6818-470c-982a-e7a6d3cd115d
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2015/infrastructure-act-2015_d6f98adfdb832a963dd1e5c6794d79a8.pdf
| 2,015
|
[
"Energy",
"Transport",
"Cycling",
"Infrastructure",
"Walking",
"section",
"highways",
"strategic",
"company",
"insert"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
(2) That may include provision as to— (a) how species control operations are to be carried out; (b) payment to be made by the environmental authority to— (i) an owner, in respect of the reasonable costs of operations to be carried out by the owner, or (ii) another person, in respect of the reasonable costs of operations to be carried out by an owner; (c) payment that an owner must make in respect of the reasonable costs of species control operations to be carried out by the (d) species control operations that an owner must not carry out; (e) who will carry out species control operations for the 14 (1) After making a species control order, an environmental authority must forthwith give notice of it to— (a) all owners of the premises of whom the environmental authority (b) the Secretary of State, if the environmental authority is the Environment Agency, Natural England or the Forestry (c) the Welsh Ministers, if the environmental authority is the Natural (2) In the case of an order under paragraph 10(2)(d) (no identifiable owner), the environmental authority must also give notice of the order by placing it on the premises conspicuously. (3) Notice under this paragraph must include— (a) reasons for making the species control order, and (b) reasons for any requirement imposed by it on an owner. 15 (1) An environmental authority may at any time revoke a species control
20 Infrastructure Act 2015 (c. 7) PART 3 – Species control orders Document 2019-07-19 This is the original version (as it was originally enacted). (2) Notice of revocation must be given as specified in paragraph 14 (but 16 (1) An owner of premises in relation to which a species control order is made may appeal to the First-tier Tribunal against— (a) the making of the order, or (b) any provision of the order. (2) The First-tier Tribunal may— (b) direct the environmental authority which made the order to (c) in the case of an order under paragraph 10(2)(c) (emergency), (d) make such other order as the Tribunal thinks fit. 17 Where an environmental authority considers that an owner of premises has complied with all the requirements in a species control order to carry out species control operations, the authority must give the owner notice to that 18 (1) This paragraph applies where an environmental authority considers that an owner of premises required by a species control order to carry out a species control operation has not done so by the date or in the way (2) The authority must give the owner notice to that effect. (3) Sub-paragraphs (4) to (6) apply if, after a week after giving notice under sub-paragraph (2), the authority considers that the owner has still not carried out the species control operation in the way specified in the order. (4) The authority may carry out the operation itself or carry out such further work as is necessary to ensure that the operation is carried out in the way (5) The authority may recover from the owner any expenses reasonably incurred by it in doing so (less any payment which the authority would apart from this paragraph have been required to make to the owner in respect of the carrying out of the operations by the owner). (6) The authority is not required to make any payment provided for under paragraph 13(2)(b) in relation to the operation (and may recover any payment made under that paragraph). Infrastructure Act 2015 (c. 7) Document 2019-07-19 This is the original version (as it was originally enacted). 19 (1) A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with a requirement imposed on that person by a species control order commits (2) A person who intentionally obstructs a person from carrying out an operation required or proposed under a species control order commits an (3) A person guilty of an offence under sub-paragraph (1) or (2) is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 51 weeks, (4) In relation to an offence committed before section 281(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 comes into force, the reference in sub-paragraph (3) to 51 weeks is to be read as a reference to 6 months. (5) In relation to an offence committed before section 85 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 comes into force, the reference in sub-paragraph (3) to a fine is to be read as a reference to a 20 (1) An owner of premises is not liable to any other person for doing anything required to be done by a species control order. (2) An environmental authority is not liable to a person with an interest in (a) by an owner pursuant to a requirement included in a species (b) by the authority pursuant to— (i) provision included in a species control order under paragraph 11(1)(b), (2)(b) or (3), or 21 (1) A person who is authorised to do so may enter any premises to— (a) assist an environmental authority to determine whether to offer to enter into a species agreement with a person, (b) assist an environmental authority to determine whether to make or revoke a species control order, (c) investigate suspected non-compliance with a species control agreement or a species control order,
22 Infrastructure Act 2015 (c. 7) Document 2019-07-19 This is the original version (as it was originally enacted). (d) carry out species control operations for an environmental authority under a species control order, (e) place a notice as specified in paragraph 10(2)(d)(i) or 14(2) (no (f) carry out species control operations or work pursuant to This is subject to the other provisions of this Schedule. (2) A person may not enter premises under sub-paragraph (1)(a) or (b) with a view to establishing whether a species is present unless the environmental authority has reasonable grounds for suspecting that it is.
|
49a64bd6-26f1-4d37-b772-4754e17d64d2
| 6
|
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