Split (1)

train · 186k rows

text string	id string	dump string	url string	date string	file_path string	offset int64	token_count int64	language string	page_average_lid string	page_average_lid_score float64	full_doc_lid string	full_doc_lid_score float64	per_page_languages list	is_truncated bool	extractor string	page_ends list
CITY COMMISSION AGENDA WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2, 2022 6:00 P.M. A. CALL TO ORDER THE REGULAR CITY COMMISSION MEETING, PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE, ROLL CALL B. PUBLIC COMMENT (non-agenda items) C. PUBLIC HEARING TO CLOSE OUT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT FOR THE HARLEY APARTMENTS RENTAL REHAB PROJECT D. NEW CITY BUSINESS 1. Munising Volunteer Fire Dept. Trout & Salmon Classic –Request for free launching and dockage – May 19 – May 22, 2022 2. Proclamation Fair Housing Month April 2022 3. Performance Resolution for Municipalities 4. Approve City Commission Meeting Minutes of 3-21-2022 5. Approve Check Register/List of Bills 6. City Manager Report E. CORRESPONDENCE F. PUBLIC COMMENTS (non-agenda items) G. ADJOURNMENT CITY COMMISSION Official Proceedings A. CALL TO ORDER THE REGULAR CITY COMMISSION MEETING, PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE, ROLL CALL The Regular Meeting of the City Commission was duly called and held on, Wednesday, April 6, 2022, in the Commission Meeting Room of City Hall. Mayor Nettleton called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m. PRESENT: Commissioners: Ballas, Berry and Mayor Nettleton ABSENT: Commissioners: Bogater and Eckert excused B. PUBLIC COMMENT (non-agenda items) Commissioner Berry stated her concern about snowmobiles running on the City's new sidewalks. City Manager Olson informed the Commission that he is in contact with MDOT and will be getting "Non-Motorized Vehicles Only" signs. C. PUBLIC HEARING TO CLOSE OUT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT FOR THE HARLEY APARTMENTS RENTAL REHAB PROJECT Moved by Commissioner Berry to open the public hearing. Support by Commissioner Ballas. Approved: Yeas: Commissioners: Ballas, Berry and Mayor Nettleton Nays: None All went well with the project it was even under budget. Moved by Commissioner Ballas to close the public hearing. Support by Commissioner Berry. Approved: Yeas: Commissioners: Ballas, Berry and Mayor Nettleton Nays: None D. NEW CITY BUSINESS 1. Munising Volunteer Fire Dept. Trout & Salmon Classic –Request for free launching and dockage – May 19 – May 22, 2022 Moved by Commissioner Berry to approve the request from the Volunteer Fire Dept. to have free boat launching and docking May 19 – May 22, 2022. Support by Commissioner Ballas. Approved: Yeas: Commissioners: Ballas, Berry and Mayor Nettleton Nays: None 2. Proclamation Fair Housing Month April 2022 Moved by Commissioner Ballas to proclaim the month of April 2022 Fair Housing month. Support by Commissioner Berry. Approved: Yeas: Commissioners: Ballas, Berry and Mayor Nettleton Nays: None 3. Performance Resolution for Municipalities Moved by Commissioner Berry to approve the Performance Resolution for Municipalities. Support by Commissioner Ballas. Approved: Yeas: Commissioners: Ballas, Berry and Mayor Nettleton Nays: None 4. Approve City Commission Meeting Minutes of 3-21-2022 Moved by Commissioner Ballas to approve the City Commission Meeting Minutes of 3-21-2022 as presented. Support by Commissioner Berry. Approved: Yeas: Commissioners: Ballas, Berry and Mayor Nettleton Nays: None 5. Approve Check Register/List of Bills Moved by Commissioner Berry to approve and pay the check register/list of bills as presented. Support by Commissioner Ballas. Approved: Yeas: Commissioners: Ballas, Berry and Mayor Nettleton Nays: None 6. City Manager Report Winter weather continues to makes appearances as we continue to move towards full blown spring. Water let-run customers were notified last week that the yearly let run would end on April 1 st . The let-run was instituted for select customers on February 1 st and was the shortest let-run in recent history. Official and ad-hoc committees are continuing to make progress on a number of items. The Animal Ordinance Committee has met a number of times and have a draft revised ordinance in progress could be to the City Commission as early as the first meeting in May. Administration is compiling information for the Water/Sewer Ordinance and we hope to have a packet prepared for the April 18 th meeting. This week the Planning Commission will be reviewing their final sections of their draft of the new Zoning Ordinance as well as a new food vendor ordinance. The Planning Commission has gone back to meeting twice a month to as to keep pace with their workload. MDOT has issued their right-of-way work permit for the DDA street project and Coleman engineering is finalizing the bid documents this week. The City's H-58 Project also received official funding obligation for the project through the MDOT bid letting process. Both projects should be out to bid at the same time which should be within the next month. I have brought an energy consultant onboard from the Michigan Rural Water Association who will be performing our energy audit that was requested last year. The consultant is in a grant funded position for the MRWA and the energy audit will be coming at no cost to the City. This audit will look at all of our utility assets and a number of City owned facilities. The scope of the energy audit will be a review of operational items as well as climate control operations including building envelopes. We have a long list of details and reports that we need to compile and the MRWA representative will be on site in mid to late May. The deliverable that will be created through the process will be a report of existing operations as well as recommendations that can be made to assist in improving energy efficiently and lowering operating costs. The administration will spend the majority of their free time this month working on budget formulation for the upcoming fiscal year as our tax role was finalized on April 4 th . We are hopeful that the State can continue to firm up revenue streams for the City in the next month in order to assist us in our revenue projections. The City of Munising also received a circuit suit pertaining to the Planning Commissions issuance of a Conditional Use Permit and the Zoning Board of Appeals subsequent affirmation of the permit on the Ake/Webster property on H-58. As always, if any of the parties that are involved in the issue try to contact you, please direct them to myself or their legal counsel. All City facilities will also be closed on Friday, April 15 th in observation of Good Friday. Commission packets for the Monday, April 18 th meeting will be emailed and placed in boxes on Thursday, April 14 th . E. CORRESPONDENCE There was no new correspondence. F. PUBLIC COMMENTS (non-agenda items) There were no public comments on non-agenda items. G. ADJOURNMENT Moved by Commissioner Berry to adjourn the Regular Meeting of the City Commission. Support by Commissioner Ballas. Approved: Yeas: Commissioners: Ballas, Berry and Mayor Nettleton Nays: None The Regular Meeting of the City Commission adjourned at 6:28 p.m. ___________________________________ D. M. Nettleton, Mayor ___________________________________ Mary Artress, Deputy Clerk LIST OF BILLS 37418) MY WEB MAESTRO 96.00 37422) D ROBB FERGUSON 114.00 325.00 6477.25 3000.00	<urn:uuid:d2fab25f-82bc-4c52-83db-c17ff6395ad2>	CC-MAIN-2022-21	https://cityofmunising.org/wp-content/uploads/4-6-22.pdf	2022-05-20T13:31:43+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-21/subset=warc/part-00260-bd7ecbba-8e15-4123-ae07-d9c98ad96845.c000.gz.parquet	215,648,007	1,617	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.974881	eng_Latn	0.994545	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2068, 5852, 7029, 7084 ]
Falcon/Turbeville Children's Home Offering Church:__________________________________ District: __________________________________ WM Director: _____________________________ Address:_________________________________ Phone Number: ___________________________ * Total amount of offering: $_________________ * Total dollar amount of commodities being given: $__________________ * Total dollar amount of offering and commodities: $__________________ Please mail this form with your offering to: SC Conference of the IPHC Women's Ministries Attention: Falcon Children's Home PO Box 1689, Lake City, SC 29560 Turbeville OFFERING DUE by June 28, 2018 Falcon OFFERING DUE by November 20, 2018 If you are unable to mail your offering by this date, please bring this form with you to Falcon. Turn it in with your offering at the South Carolina table. If we do not have a record of your giving, we will be unable to report it with the totals for South Carolina.	<urn:uuid:0166c5a9-1795-47b7-9321-502a87df262d>	CC-MAIN-2018-05	http://sciphc.org/page_ministries/womens_ministries/pdf_forms/2018/Falcon_Turbeville_givings_form2018.pdf	2018-01-19T13:35:00Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887981.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20180119125144-20180119145144-00375.warc.gz	301,169,087	199	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.992533	eng_Latn	0.992533	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 973 ]
AL-ANON FAMILY GROUP MEETINGS FOR DISTRICT 8 For the Utah Citees CEDAR CITY, HURRICANE, KANAB, PAROWAN AND ST. GEORGE W - Wheelchair Accessible Or call or visit: Al-Anon/Alateen Information Service, 5056 South 300 West, Murray, UT 84107 Open 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday through Saturday 801-262-9587 (local) 866-262-9587 (toll free) http://utah-alanon.org	<urn:uuid:1d6bd16b-a7dd-4a4a-b678-262f734237cb>	CC-MAIN-2017-51	http://utah-alanon.org/sites/default/files/district-8-schedule-2017-11-17.pdf	2017-12-13T05:16:40Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948521292.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213045921-20171213065921-00325.warc.gz	275,117,713	126	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.555675	eng_Latn	0.555675	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 359 ]
Bernd Elementary, Where Rigor Is Routine! Chad Thompson, Principal February 2017 Ed ition T awanya Wilson, Assistant Principal ANNUAL TITLE I REVIEW MEETING We believe that your involvement with your child's education is essential to his/her academic and future success. To honor our commitment to provide the best possible educational experience for your child and work with you in that effort, we invite you to help us develop or revise the Needs Assessment, School-wide Improvement Plan, School Parental Involvement Plan, Parental Involvement Budget, and School-Parent Compact for the 20172018 school year. We have planned to hold meetings that will be dedicated to this important collaboration. The meetings will be held Tuesday, February 28, 2017 at 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. for your convenience. RELAY FOR LIFE Relay For Life is the signature fundraiser for the American Cancer Society. Relay is staffed and coordinated by volunteers. Volunteers give because they believe it's time to take action against cancer. Bernd is one of those volunteers. We support the fundraising efforts throughout the year by donating a portion of the money from other events to this worthy cause. We are in the middle of a change war where classes compete against each other to see who can raise the most money for this cause. Each Wednesday up through March, we allow our students to wear jeans for $1.00. We are also coordinating a kick-ball tournament to raise money for this worthy cause. Please support Bernd's efforts as we support the American Cancer Society's fight against cancer. Please be reminded the TARDY BELL rings @ 8:20 a.m. Students arriving at 8:20 a.m. are tardy and begin their day behind. School ends at 3:20 p.m. Students should be picked up no later than 3:50 p.m. #eastsideoutloud #wearebernd #raide rp ride BLACK HISTORY MONTH As we celebrate the rich heritage in America all year long, we take this month to recognize the contributions of African Americans who have made our lives what they are today. We use our past to create our future. The theme for this year,"Founders of Yesterday, Leaders of Tomorrow," coincides with our Leader in Me theme. With this, we are turning our school into a Living Museum! Each grade level has been given a theme in order to prepare an exhibit for our attendees. Our Black History Program will be held Tuesday, February 28, 2017, beginning at 6:00 p.m. We expect to see each one of you at this event. TRANSPORTATION PRE-REGISTRATION In order to improve transportation services for all bus eligible students, the school district is requiring all parents/guardians to register for transportation services prior to utilizing a Bibb County school bus. A pre-request form for 2017-2018 school year has been sent home. Failure to return the completed form and/or properly register your student(s) could result in service delays or denial of transportation services at the beginning of the new school year. DO NOT assume because your child is a bus rider this year that he/she will automatically be a rider for the upcoming school year. Please complete the form and return to school by Wednesday, March 1, 2017. DATES TO REMEMBER February 10: (5:00–7:00) Valentine Dance February 15: Progress Reports Go Home February 17: (1:30-2:00) School Council Meeting February 18: (9:00-12:00) Teacher Recruitment Fair @ Howard High School February 20-24: Winter Break February 28: (8:00 a.m. & 5:00 p.m.) Parent Annual Title I Review Meeting February 28: (6:00 p.m.) Black History Program	<urn:uuid:0121c978-5cb1-4376-b67b-eab17bc49280>	CC-MAIN-2017-30	https://www.bcsdk12.net/cms/lib01/GA01000598/Centricity/Domain/584/February2017.pdf	2017-07-22T22:56:15Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424154.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170722222652-20170723002652-00114.warc.gz	734,018,906	815	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.996812	eng_Latn	0.996812	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3581 ]
SYSTEM R-J3iB ™ Controller Basic Description FANUC Robotics' SYSTEM R-J3iB Controller uses advanced technology packaged in a proven, reliable and efficient controller design. Process capability and open architecture features provide intelligence to improve application and motion performance while simplifying system integration. SYSTEM R-J3iB Controller incorporates FANUC Robotics' unique "plug-in options" concept, which allows flexibility for application specific configurations while maintaining a commonality for all users of the system. Hardware Features/Benefits ■ Use of surface mounting and 3-D packaging reduces components and increases reliability. ■ Multi-processor architecture permits concurrent operations, reduces program execution times and increases path accuracy. ■ Quick change servo amplifier improves maintainability and controller uptime. ■ Distributed and network I/O options reduce system and integration costs and simplify troubleshooting. ■ Provides extensive line of compact I/O modules for both digital and analog signals. ■ Standard iPendant with multiwindow and internet browser interface. System Features/Benefits Process Features/Benefits ■ ANSI/RIA safety circuits standard. ■ Ergonomically designed, light-weight teach pendant with large, easy-to-read backlit LCD display. ■ High-speed, precision control of up to 16 axes of motion. ■ Auxiliary axes options can support up to five separate motion groups, each with its own control program and simple kinematic models. ■ Multi-tasking operating system allows execution of several concurrent user programs. ■ Advanced storage, communications and networking capabilities include built-in Ethernet and PCMCIA interfaces. ■ AccuPath provides enhanced path tracking during linear and circular motion while minimizing speed variations. ■ Instant trigger response (1ms) increases repeatability and improves tracking performance. ■ Collision detection minimizes potential damage to the robot or end-of-arm tooling. ■ Zone I/O provides application flexibility by monitoring and controlling robot interface signals independent of the taught path. ■ Coordinated motion simplifies the teaching of part programs on a moving table or positioner. ■ TurboMove provides minimal cycle time by computing robot dynamics in real-time. R-J3iB Standard Hardware Features R-J3iB Options A-size Cabinet Standard on M-410iB, M-420iB, M-421iB Robots Operator Panel for A-Cabinet B-size Cabinet Side iPendant for R-J3iB Controller Note: Dimensions are shown in millimeters. Detailed CAD data are available upon request. FANUC Robotics America, Inc. 3900 W. Hamlin Road Rochester Hills, MI 48309-3253 (248) 377-7000 Fax (248) 276-4133 Charlotte, NC (704) 596-5121 Toronto, Canada (905) 812-2300 Chicago, IL (847) 898-6000 Montréal, Canada (450) 492-9001 For sales or technical information, call: 1-800-47-ROBOT Cincinnati, OH (513) 754-2400 Aguascalientes, Mexico 52 (449) 922-8000 Los Angeles, CA (949) 595-2700 Sao Paulo, Brazil (55) (11) 3619-0599 [email protected] www.fanucrobotics.com Toledo, OH (419) 866-0788 ©2005 FANUC Robotics America, Inc. All rights reserved. FANUC ROBOTICS LITHO IN U.S.A. FRA-5/05	<urn:uuid:10511d69-dcd4-438b-b1ff-5bedbb1ad3e6>	CC-MAIN-2019-26	https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/e1d6b2b5-6700-4ad3-8880-71da9c57c02b/downloads/1c021dfcg_872522.pdf?ver=1559761025890	2019-06-26T20:20:35Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000545.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626194744-20190626220744-00253.warc.gz	482,455,932	734	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.600383	eng_Latn	0.959852	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2306, 3219 ]
Proceedings Statistical Analysis for Selective Identifications of VOCs by Using Surface Functionalized MoS2 Based Sensor Array † Uttam Narendra Thakur 1, , Radha Bhardwaj 2 , and Arnab Hazra 3, 1 Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Vidya Vihar 2 Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Vidya Vihar; [email protected] 3 Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Vidya Vihar * Correspondence: [email protected] (U.N.T); [email protected] (A.H.) Abstract: Disease diagnosis through breath analysis have attracted a significant attention in recent years due to its non-invasive nature, rapid testing ability and applicability for the patients of all ages. More than 1000 volatile organic component (VOC) exists in human breath, but only a selected VOCs are associated with specific diseases. Selective identifications of those disease marker VOCs by using array of multiple sensors is highly desirable in the current scenario. Not only the use of efficient sensors but also the use of suitable classification algorithms is essential for the selective and reliable detection of those disease markers in the complex breath. In the current study, we fabricated noble metals (Au Pd and Pt) nanoparticles functionalized MoS2 based sensor array for the selective identifications of different VOCs. Four sensors i.e. pure MoS2, Au/MoS2, Pd/MoS2 and Pt/MoS2 were tested in the exposure different VOCs like acetone, benzene, ethanol, xylene, 2-propenol, methanol and toluene at 50°C. Initially, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to discriminate those seven VOCs. As compared to the PCA, LDA was able to discriminate well among the seven VOCs. Four different machine learning algorithms like k-nearest neighbors (kNN), decision tree, random forest and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify those VOCs further. The classification accuracy of those seven VOCs by using KNN, decision tree, random forest and multinomial logistic regression were 97.14%, 92.43%, 84.1% and 98.97% respectively. These results authenticated that multinomial logistic regression performed best among all the four machine learning algorithms to discriminate and differentiate multiple VOCs popularly exists in human breath. Keywords: Breath analysis; surface functionalized MoS2; classification; discrimination 1. Introduction In the field of medical diagnostic and health care systems, breath analysis has gained a lot of interest for the non-invasive detection of diseases and monitoring health parameters [1,2]. More than 1000 volatile organic components (VOCs) are present in the exhaled breath, but only some of them are considered disease markers[3,4]. In this context, selective detection of the different VOCs using smart sensor systems has a high demand for efficient breath analysis. Selective detection can also be achieved by using suitable pattern recognition algorithms on sensor signals. For early detection of disease, the combination of a highly selective sensors and an effective machine learning algorithm is required. Diagnostic through breath is less time-consuming compared to the clinical process and, at the same time, it is cost-efficient as it does not require well-trained professionals and sensors are less costly[5,6]. Published: 1 July 2021 Publisher's Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses /by/4.0/). Chem. Proc. 2021, 3 , x. https://doi.org/10.3390/xxxxx www.mdpi.com/journal/chemproc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Chemiresistive sensors typically recognize target VOC by changing its resistance depending upon the adsorption-desorption properties of the analyte to the detecting layer surface. An extensive variety of materials are used for VOC sensing, including thin metal films [7], metal oxides [8–10], polymers [11], etc. Accessible surface functionalization possibilities, high surface area to volume ratio, increased flexibility, high sensitivity, and tunable bandgap make two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) an encouraging channel material to sense the VOC [12,13]. Pattern recognition algorithm also plays an essential role in the detection of VOC. A suitable classifier is required to achieve an effective classification rate in VOC sensing based on the sensor data. Different algorithms like partial least squares discriminant analysis [14], canonical discriminant analysis [15], k-nearest neighbor [4,16], Discriminant Function Analysis [17], support vector machine [18], random forest [19], logistic regression [20], etc. were reported in the literature. In some of the reported literature, different types of neural network classifier were used [21–24]. In the current study, we have used principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to visualize the data in lesser dimensions compared to the original extent. Also, four different supervised algorithms, k-nearest neighbour (kNN), decision tree, random forest, and multinomial logistic regression, were implemented to identify the best-suited algorithm based on their performance. 2. Material and methods 2.1.Preparation of MoS2 and noble metal nanoparticles solutions All materials MoS2 (Sigma Aldrich), gold (III) chloride (AuCl3, 99 %, Sigma Aldrich), palladium chloride (PdCl2, 60%, Molychem) and chloroplatinic acid (H4PtCl6xH2O, 40 %, Molychem) were analytical grade and used without further any purification. 0.2 Wt% MoS2 solution was prepared in deionized water and stirred for 1.5 h at room temperature to maintain homogeneity. And similarly, 0.1 MM aqueous solutions of noble metal nanoparticles (Au,Pd,Pt) were prepared by adding corresponding metal salts in deionized water with continuous stirring and dropwise diluted HCl was also added to get stable and uniform nanoparticles at room temperature. Au, Pd and Pt nanoparticle loaded MoS2 samples were prepared by spray coating technique. Firstly, MoS2 solution was spray coated on washed SiO2/Si substrate and dried at room temperature. And in final step, nanoparticle solutions was spray coated on previously deposited MoS2 and dried at room temperature. A thermal annealing was performed for 4 h at 250 ˚C to provide crystallization and thermal stability in all 4 samples (MoS2, Au-MOS2, Pd-MoS2 and Pt-MoS2). 2.2. Fabrication of Sensors Au source and drain electrodes of 150 nm thickness were deposited on all four samples by using electron bean evaporation unit. Sensors was then placed into a sensor holder and further sensing performance was studied. The sensor holder was placed in glass sealed sensing chamber of size 650 ml on a heating plate. The sensing performance of prepared sensors was examined by static mode sensing setup where, VOCs were injected by using micro syringes (Hamilton micro syringe) and sensor was recovered by flowing 450 SCCM synthetic air by using mass flow controller. The amount of injected VOC was calculated by using formula: C (ppm) = 2.46 × (V1D/VM) × 103, where D (gm/mL), M (gm/mol) and V (Lit) represent density of the VOC, molecular weight of the VOC and volume of vaporization chamber respectively[13,25,26]. 7 different VOCs, i.e. acetone, 2-propanol, benzene, ethanol, methanol, toluene, and xylene were tested during the study. Sensing performance was recorded by using Keithley 6487 source meter applying 1 V constant bias. The sensitivity of the sensor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 was calculated by formula; Ra-Rv/Ra×100 where Ra and Rv were the resistances of the sensor in the air and in target VOC. To read the generated output of sensors stored in CSV file a python script was used. All the algorithms, analysis, and plotting were performed on Python 3.7 and Jupiter notebook as a platform. 3. Results and discussion 3.1.VOC sensing As a reference ambient, synthetic air was used to perform the gas sensing measurements of four different sensors: pure MoS2, Au- MoS2, Pd- MoS2 and Pt- MoS2. Figure 1 shows the change in resistance (MΩ) with respect to time at 50 O C. In the presence of VOCs, as the exposer time increases, the resistance offered by the sensor is decreasing. This decrease in resistance confirms that the sensor is n-type property. In the presence of seven distinct VOCs, i.e. acetone, 2-propanol, benzene, ethanol, methanol, toluene, and xylene Four different sensors, i.e. pure MoS2, Au- MoS2, Pd- MoS2 and Pt- MoS2, were observed and stored for further processing of data. 3.2. Data analysis Figure 2 describes the influence of volatile organic components (VOCs) on the outcomes of two-dimensionality reduction techniques: principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. The measurement parameters were kept constant during the experiment. Operating temperature was 50 O C, response was taken up to 600 sec. and the sample concentration was 100 ppm. The response obtained by the four different sensors for seven different VOCs was used for principal component analysis (PCA). The three-dimensional plot between the first principal component (PC1), second principal component (PC2), and third principal component (PC3) is represented in figure 2. As we have four independent variables (sensor responses), the maximum principal component obtained was four. Therefore, in this 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 analysis, we have considered only the first three principal components contributing the most to the explained variance. The total explained variance was 93.58%, in which PC1 contributes 52.52%, PC2 contributes 30.91%, and PC3 contributes 10.14%. All seven VOCs have their compact cluster, and they have separated, but the separation between the cluster of acetone/2-propanol and benzene/toluene is quite less that increases the possibility of the misclassification. Taking account of the problem of discrimination among the different VOCs, linear discrimination analysis was performed, too. In linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the same sensor response vector was used. Figure 2(b) shows that the employment of the classifier allows the discrimination of all the seven VOCs. Thus, LDA is highly efficient for investigating the VOCs based on the sensor response. A three-dimensional plot is shown in figure 2(b), which clearly depicts the performance of LDA on the raw data (sensor response vector). The different VOCs are densely clustered within their groups, and they are well separated from each other. So there is a significantly less probability of misclassification among the VOCs. 2-propanol is slightly more stretched along the axis of the second linear discriminant function (LD2), and xylene is along the third discriminant function (LD3). The three discriminant function, LD1, LD2, and LD3 contributes 71.22%, 27.42% and 1.21% respectively, the total resultant explained variance for the classifier becomes 99.85%. 3.3. VOC identification The previously discussed LDA and PCA plot gives only the visual representation of the separation of VOCs based on the sensor response. The goal of the sensor setup is to design a generalized model based on the known data during the training phase and tries predict the class when an unknown data sample is encountered. The supervised algorithm was performed in the current work to determine the VOCs; four different machine learning algorithms like k-nearest neighbour (kNN), decision tree, random forest, and multinomial logistic regression were used to identify those seven VOCs. The normalized sensor response was feed to the algorithms, and the whole data set was divided into training testing data with 70% and 30%, respectively. The data set consists of 4200 measurements of each sensor, with each class containing 600 data vectors and seven classes. So, 2940 vectors were used to train the model, and the remaining 1260 vectors were used to test the model. For identification of VOCs, above 84% was the classification accuracy for every classifier with an accuracy of 97.14%, 92.43%, 84.1%, 98.97% for kNN, decision tree, random forest, and multinomial logistic regression, respectively. A confusion matrix is used to calculate the classification accuracy, and the confusion matrix furnishes the observation into what components were mistakenly classified. Figure 4(a) shows the confusion matrix of kNN where 11 samples of toluene were classified as xylene and 10 samples of benzene was wrongly predicted as ethanol. Figure 4(b) is a rep- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 resentation of the confusion matrix obtained from the decision tree algorithm. The confusion matrix of the random forest and multinomial logistic regression are shown in Figures 4(c) and 4(d), respectively. In multinomial logistic regression, only 12 benzene samples were identified as acetone, and one sample of xylene was identified as toluene. with an accuracy of 97.14%, 92.43%, 84.1%, 98.97% for kNN, decision tree, random forest, and multinomial logistic regression, respectively. ) Figure 4. Confusion matrix of (a) k-nearest neighbour, (b) decision tree, (c) random forest, and (d multinomial logistic regression 4. Conclusions The capability of surface-functionalized MoS2 sensor to distinguish between the various VOCs was appraised by PCA and LDA, in which LDA laid out the excellent separation between VOCs. Further, to evaluate the effectiveness of sensor output to identify the VOCs, four different machine learning (supervised) based classification algorithms were implemented, and among them, k-nearest neighbour and multinomial logistic regression performed outstandingly with an accuracy of 97.14% and 98.97%, respectively. Thus, high selectivity and accuracy authenticate that the system discriminates and differentiates multiple VOCs popularly exists in human breath. References 1. S. Dragonieri, G. Pennazza, P. Carratu, and O. Resta, "Electronic Nose Technology in Respiratory Diseases," Lung, vol. 195, no. 2, pp. 157–165, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00408-017-9987-3. 2. P. Sahatiya, A. Kadu, H. Gupta, P. Thanga Gomathi, and S. Badhulika, "Flexible, Disposable Cellulose-Paper-Based MoS 2 /Cu 2 S Hybrid for Wireless Environmental Monitoring and Multifunctional Sensing of Chemical Stimuli," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 9048–9059, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b00245. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3. F. S. Cikach and R. A. Dweik, "Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath," Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 34–43, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2012.05.005. 4. J. Pereira et al., "Breath analysis as a potential and non-invasive frontier in disease diagnosis: An overview," Metabolites, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 3–55, 2015, doi: 10.3390/metabo5010003. 5. K. Arshak, E. Moore, G. M. Lyons, J. Harris, and S. Clifford, "A review of gas sensors employed in electronic nose applications," Sens. Rev., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 181–198, 2004, doi: 10.1108/02602280410525977. 6. V. H. Tran et al., "Breath analysis of lung cancer patients using an electronic nose detection system," IEEE Sens. J., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1514–1518, 2010, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2038356. 7. A. Pundt, "Hydrogen in Nano-sized Metals," Adv. Eng. Mater., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 11–21, Feb. 2004, doi: 10.1002/adem.200300557. 8. A. Hazra, "Amplified Methanol Sensitivity in Reduced Graphene Oxide FET Using Appropriate Gate Electrostatic," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 5111–5118, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TED.2020.3025743. 9. T. Gakhar and A. Hazra, "Oxygen vacancy modulation of titania nanotubes by cathodic polarization and chemical reduction routes for efficient detection of volatile organic compounds," Nanoscale, vol. 12, no. 16, pp. 9082–9093, 2020, doi: 10.1039/c9nr10795a. 10. E. Kanazawa et al., "Metal oxide semiconductor N2O sensor for medical use," Sensors Actuators B Chem., vol. 77, no. 1–2, pp. 72– 77, Jun. 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00675-X. 11. H. Bai and G. Shi, "Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers," Sensors, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 267–307, Mar. 2007, doi: 10.3390/s7030267. 12. V. Selamneni, H. Raghavan, A. Hazra, and P. Sahatiya, "MoS 2 /Paper Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles (Au, Pt, and Pd) Based Plasmonic‐Enhanced Broadband (Visible‐NIR) Flexible Photodetectors," Adv. Mater. Interfaces, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 2001988, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1002/admi.202001988. 13. P. Bindra and A. Hazra, "Selective detection of organic vapors using TiO2 nanotubes based single sensor at room temperature," Sensors Actuators B Chem., vol. 290, pp. 684–690, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.03.115. 14. C. Di Natale et al., "Lung cancer identification by the analysis of breath by means of an array of non-selective gas sensors," Biosens. Bioelectron., vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1209–1218, Sep. 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00086-1. 15. N. Fens et al., "External validation of exhaled breath profiling using an electronic nose in the discrimination of asthma with fixed airways obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease," Clin. Exp. Allergy, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 1371–1378, 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03800.x. 16. Z. Haddi et al., "E-Nose and e-Tongue combination for improved recognition of fruit juice samples," Food Chem., vol. 150, pp. 246–253, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.105. 17. M. Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, A. Mohammad-Razdari, S. H. Yoosefian, Z. Izadi, and M. Siadat, "Aging discrimination of French cheese types based on the optimization of an electronic nose using multivariate computational approaches combined with response surface method (RSM)," Lwt, vol. 111, pp. 85–98, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.04.099. 18. T. Saidi, O. Zaim, M. Moufid, N. El Bari, R. Ionescu, and B. Bouchikhi, "Exhaled breath analysis using electronic nose and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for non-invasive diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects," Sensors Actuators, B Chem., vol. 257, pp. 178–188, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.10.178. 19. E. C. Nallon, V. P. Schnee, C. Bright, M. P. Polcha, and Q. Li, "Chemical Discrimination with an Unmodified Graphene Chemical Sensor," ACS Sensors, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26–31, 2016, doi: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00029. 20. D. Poli et al., "Exhaled volatile organic compounds in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Cross sectional and nested shortterm follow-up study," Respir. Res., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 71, Dec. 2005, doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-71. 21. A. K. Srivastava, "Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using SnO2 gas-sensor array and artificial neural network," Sensors Actuators, B Chem., vol. 96, no. 1–2, pp. 24–37, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00477-5. 22. J. Fu, G. Li, Y. Qin, and W. J. Freeman, "A pattern recognition method for electronic noses based on an olfactory neural network," Sensors Actuators, B Chem., vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 489–497, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2007.02.058. 23. R. Dutta, D. Morgan, N. Baker, J. W. Gardner, and E. L. Hines, "Identification of Staphylococcus aureus infections in hospital environment: Electronic nose based approach," Sensors Actuators, B Chem., vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 355–362, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2005.01.013. 24. P. Montuschi et al., "Diagnostic performance of an electronic nose, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and lung function testing in asthma," Chest, vol. 137, no. 4, pp. 790–796, 2010, doi: 10.1378/chest.09-1836. 25. R. Bhardwaj, V. Selamneni, U. N. Thakur, P. Sahatiya, and A. Hazra, "Detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds by noble metal nanoparticle functionalized MoS2coated biodegradable paper sensors," New J. Chem., vol. 44, no. 38, pp. 16613–16625, 2020, doi: 10.1039/d0nj03491f. 26. P. Bindra and A. Hazra, "Electroless deposition of Pd/Pt nanoparticles on electrochemically grown TiO 2 nanotubes for ppb level sensing of ethanol at room temperature," Analyst, vol. 146, no. 6, pp. 1880–1891, 2021, doi: 10.1039/D0AN01757D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40	<urn:uuid:d162fcd7-11a7-44bd-9474-69fff46b9d57>	CC-MAIN-2024-46	https://sciforum.net/paper/download/10451/manuscript	2024-11-05T16:57:59+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-46/subset=warc/part-00049-65a16d46-7179-4f3c-849a-3216b203b23b.c000.gz.parquet	476,363,000	5,575	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.86068	eng_Latn	0.949198	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4052, 8044, 9931, 13125, 14970, 20663 ]
Section 3 The influence of land use change from and to forestry on the emissions of nitrous oxide and methane Table of Contents 3.5. References ......................................................................................................................................................3-5 3. The influence of land use change from and to forestry on the emissions of nitrous oxide and methane Ute Skiba, CEH Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB 3.1. Introduction and background Compared to the data available on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from agricultural or forest soils, there are only little information on the effect of land use change from and to forestry on the emissions of N2O and CH4. Predictions of N2O and CH4 release due to land use change are therefore calculated from existing general knowledge (mainly from agricultural soils) of the production and emission of these gases in relation to different soil types and climatic conditions. Nitrous oxide and CH4 are products of microbial processes in the soil. In general N2O production increases with increasing concentrations of ammonium and nitrate, available organic C (carbon) content and with increasing soil wetness and soil density (Skiba & Smith, 2000). However, when the soil becomes too wet, N2O is further reduced to N2, therefore N2O emissions decrease (Davidson, 1991). The net CH4 emission from a soil is influenced by the activity of two microbial communities, the methanogens and CH4 oxidisers. Methane production requires strict anaerobic conditions and in the UK the wettest parts of moorlands are the largest source of CH4, but even the contribution of these to the total national emission is less than 5%. Occasionally grassland soils can be a temporary and small source of CH4. Most of the CH4 produced in the deeper anaerobic layers of a soil by the methanogens are oxidised by the methane oxidisers in the aerated upper parts of the same soil. Methane oxidisers are very sensitive to soil disturbance by physical means, for example ploughing and compaction, or chemical disturbance, mainly N fertilisation (MacDonald et al., 1997). Because of the lack of data on N2O and CH4 emissions caused by land use change, only the IPCC default methodology was applied. 3.2. Nitrous oxide emissions 3.2.1. Forest land remaining forests The direct emissions of N2O from forests remaining forest (IPCC good practice guidance for LULUCF equation 3.2.17) are calculated from the sum of organic and inorganic N fertiliser induced N2O and the N2O emitted due to drainage. (from now on the IPCC good practice guidance for LULUCF will be referred to as: IPCC) N fertiliser: For the N fertiliser induced N2O emission the standard EF1 (1.25% of N applied is emitted as N2O) is applied. Normally only newly planted forests are fertilised at a rate of 150 kg N h -1 , the resulting N2O emissions are shown in Table 3-1. The uncertainty range of emission factor EF1 (0.25 to 6%) suggests that newly planted forests in the UK emit 0.06 to 117 t N2O-N y -1 . Drainage: The effect of drainage is dealt with by default emission rates based on very few data from Scandinavian countries (Appendix 3.a.2 Table 3a.2.1). The influence of drainage on N2O emissions is based on many assumptions, as data on drainage and fertility status of the UK forest soils are not readily available. Drainage induced N2O emissions were therefore calculated based on the assumption that 50 % of the organic soils are nutrient rich and 50% are nutrient poor and that in Britain 25% of forest grown on mineral soils and 50% of forests grown on organic soils are drained. For Northern Ireland it was assumed that 50% of all forests are drained. The default emissions of 0.1 and 0.6 kg N2O-N ha -1 y -1 for nutrient poor and nutrient rich organic soils, and of 0.06 kg N2O-N ha -1 y -1 for mineral soils were applied (IPCC Appendix 3.a.2 Table 3a.2.1) (Table 3-2). The drainage related emission rates carry large uncertainties, both in forest areas subjected to this practice and in the actual emission rates. This management practice 'drainage' influences N2O emissions more than N application to newly planted forests. Table 3-1 Direct N2O emissions from newly planted forests * planted 2002 – 2003, + EF1 Table 3-2 The influence of drainage on N2O emissions from existing forests Indirect emissions due to atmospheric N deposition: Atmospheric depositions of N to forests soils are a much larger source of N2O from established forests than mineral N fertiliser application and drainage induced emissions. The IPCC default emission factor for N deposition induced N2O emissions is 1 and here was applied to soils with an organic matter content of >25.5%. For mineral soils (OM < 25.5%) the IPCC default emission factor was replaced by a linear regression equation (N2O-N(kgN/ha/y) = 0.0006 * Ndep 2 (kgN/ha/y) + 0.0032 * N dep (kgN/ha/y) ) based on CEH's data from forest and moorland soils in Britain. The atmospheric N deposition induced N2O emission for UK forests was calculated at 0.9 kt N2O-N y -1 , which is not included in the current inventory. 3.2.2. Land converted to forest Agricultural land or moorland converted to forests may require some N2O releasing activities, such as ploughing of grassland, drainage of wetlands, fertilisation and irrigation of the freshly planted trees. Drainage and ploughing will increase N2O emission; unfortunately real data are very limited. If we assume that all trees on land converted to forests are fertilised at a rate of 150 kg N ha -1 d -1 , then this activity will not alter previous emission rates. However, if the land was converted from moorland or unmanaged wasteland then emissions will increase. None of these activities are likely to increase N2O emissions significantly. For example, if the existing forest area is increased by 50 %, and is fertilised at a rate of 150 kg N ha -1 y -1 and 50% is drained (as shown in section 3.2.1), then this activity will increase N2O emissions by 2.7 kt N2O-N y -1 , (2.6 kt are fertiliser induced emissions and 0.1 kt are drainage induced emissions). This exaggerated increase remains to be a small fraction of the total agricultural N2O emissions of 86 kt N2O-N (Skiba et al, 2005). 3.2.3. Land (forests) converted to cropland Forest land converted to cropland requires clear felling, ploughing and perhaps drainage. All these activities will stimulate nitrogen mineralization of the organic matter. In the first instance there will be no competition for this available nitrogen between plants and microbes, thereby maximising substrate availability for microbial nitrification and denitrification to occur and release N2O. This initial surge in mineralisation rate and increase in N2O emissions is a short-term effect (max 1 year). Unfortunately most of deforestation related greenhouse gas studies have concentrated on tropical forests; data from northern Europe are restricted to a few studies (eg. Emmett & Quarmby, 1991), therefore it is not possible to change the default methodology. It is assumed that the same emission factor EF1 (1.25%) used for N fertilised soils applies to nitrogen released by organic mineralization, which is calculated from the annual change in C stock (equation 3.3.12) divided by the C/N ratio (equation 3.3.15). Based on these equations and assuming a C/N ratio of 15 it was calculated that forest land converted to crops was responsible for an annual N2O emission of 2.8 kt N2O-N in 2002, which is 2.3% of the total UK N2O emission budget. This emission rate did not change by more than 0.1 kt N2O-N y -1 when applied to data of forest conversion to cropland over a 50-year period. (Figure 3-1). Land converted to grassland: This activity will require N fertilisation and ploughing and in some circumstances drainage. Therefore N2O emissions are likely to increase. The drainage, ploughing and fertiliser emission factors to be used remain the IPCC default emission factors, as there is not enough UK data or data from similar temperate climates. Generally grasslands tend to be larger sources of N2O than arable soils or forests, due to larger mineralization rates and prevalence of grasslands in the wetter parts of the country. At present one can assume zero conversion from forest to grassland and hence zero source of N2O and CH4. Land converted to wetlands: The total area in the UK converted to wetlands is restricted to small insignificant areas of newly created riparian zones, along rivers in nitrogen vulnerable zones (NVZ). This activity has a potential to decrease N2O emissions, if the soil water filled pore space (WFPS) can be maintained above 90% (Skiba & Smith, 2000). Under such conditions anaerobic conditions and accumulation of soil organic matter content will favour denitrification to proceed to N2 rather than stop at N2O production which is generally the case in more aerobic soils. 3.3. Methane emissions 4 In the UK soils contribute only 120 kt CH4 y -1 , which is less than 6% of the total UK CH budget. Therefore any landuse change will not significantly influence this budget. 3.3.1. Forest land remaining forests Undisturbed forest soils are an important source of CH4 oxidation. For European forests it was estimated that CH4 is oxidised at a rate of 2.4 or 4.5 kg CH ha -1 y -1 (Smith et al., 2000 and van Cleemput et al., 2000). Based on these oxidation rate established UK forests oxidise 9 kt CH4 y -1 , which accounts for a small fraction of the total UK CH4 emission (2228 kt CH4 y -1 in 2002). Methane oxidation rates are affected by disturbance, such as land use change, drainage, ploughing and N fertiliser application (Prieme et al., 1997, MacDonald et al., 1997). Therefore any landuse change will reduce the CH4 oxidising capacity of the forests. Only very occasionally during wet soil conditions does the forest soil temporarily turns into a very small net source of CH4. 3.3.2. Land converted to forest Increasing the land area of forests will eventually increase the CH4 oxidation capacity of the soil. If the previous landuse was undrained moorland the effect will be largest, and will slowly turn a net CH4 source into a CH4 sink (Prieme et al., 1997). Again the influence on the UK CH4 budget will be insignificant. 3.3.3. Land (forests) converted to cropland or grassland These activities will reduce the CH4 sink activity of forests, by disturbance and N fertilisation. Land converted to wetlands: Methane emissions will increase when land is converted to wetland. However, soils contribute to only a small fraction of the UK CH4 budget, and an increase in this activity is unlikely to change this. 3.4. Conclusions Landuse change to and from forestry will not provide a significant source of the greenhouse gases N2O or CH4 as shown in Table 3-3. Table 3-3 The influence of landuse change on N2O and CH4 emissions. Emissions are expressed as a percentage of the UK agricultural N2O emissions (86 kt N2O- N y -1 ) and wetland CH4 flux (120 kt CH4 y -1 ). \| \| Forest- forest \| Forest - crop \| Forest - grass \| Forest - moorland \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Nitrous oxide (kt N O-N y-1) 2 \| 0.23 % \| 3.3 % \| 3.3 % \| 0 & uptake \| 3.5. References Davidson, E. A. (1991). Fluxes of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide from terrestrial ecosystems. In: Microbial Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases: Methane, Nitrogen Oxides and Halomethanes (eds Rogers, J.E., Whitman, W.B.), pp. 219 - 235. Am. Soc. Microbiol., Washington, DC. Emmett, B. A., Quarmby, C. (1991). The Effect of Harvesting Intensity on the Fate of Applied N-15- Ammonium to the Organic Horizons of a Coniferous Forest in N Wales. Biogeochemistry, 15, 47-63. MacDonald, J. A., Skiba, U., Sheppard, L. J., et al. (1997). The effect of nitrogen deposition and seasonal variability on methane oxidation and nitrous oxide emission rates in an upland spruce plantation and moorland. Atmospheric Environment, 31, 3693-3706. Prieme, A., Christensen, S., Dobbie, K. E., Smith, K. A. (1997). Slow increase in rate of methane oxidation in soils with time following land use change from arable agriculture to woodland. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 29, 1269-1273. Skiba, U., Smith, K. A. (2000). The control of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural and natural soils. Chemosphere, 2, 379-386. Smith, K. A., Dobbie, K. E., Ball, B. C., et al. (2000). Oxidation of atmospheric methane in Northern European soils, comparison with other ecosystems, and uncertainties in the global terrestrial sink. Global Change Biology, 6, 791-803. van Cleemput, O., et, al. (2000). Biogenic Emissions of Greenhouse Gases caused by Arable and Animal Agriculture - Processes, Inventories, Mitigation. Stuttgart.	<urn:uuid:c3e08331-ac62-4d77-b1a0-620517bb1dbc>	CC-MAIN-2017-13	http://ecosystemghg.ceh.ac.uk/docs/2006andOlder/Defra_Report_2005_Section3.pdf	2017-03-26T22:50:09Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189313.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00413-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz	109,985,546	3,124	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.907152	eng_Latn	0.974771	[ "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 110, 300, 4201, 5140, 7722, 10694, 12747 ]
Murray McLeod On the matter of the Air-Rail-Link, we are now in receipt of a letter from Dalton McGuinty to Alan Tonks, advising that David Caplan, Minister of Public Infrastructure Renewal, is now the minister dealing with our concerns on the Terms of Reference for the EA. We had previously dealt with Donna Cansfield, Minister of Transportation, and we have written to her asking for clarification of roles. We await her response. The letter from the Premier is on our website – www.westoncommunitycoalition.ca . Last night's all-candidate's meeting was a success, and thanks to those of you who attended. However, a word of explanation regarding the apparent 'heavy handed' tactics of Metro's finest, concerning the 5 th , unannounced candidate. We had been advised by several people that the 5 th candidate, Kevin Mark Clarke, a man who claims to be a homeless person and who runs for every office, was extremely disruptive to a previous all-candidates' meeting at Chaminade School on Queen's Drive. According to reports, he would not be cooperative and when organizers there tried to usher him to a seat, he alleged assault. We had previously only invited the candidates who were declared candidates at the time we had to set up the meeting. That was the four party-based candidates. Five other candidates listed as independent have recently been added to the list. We could not invite them at this late date. We did not want disruptions to our meeting, so we asked 31 Division to be available to us should it be needed. Mr. Clarke did arrive, during Ms. Albanese's opening remarks, and proceeded in a white robe onto the stage. Police officers quietly intervened, as we had asked. When the other candidates indicated their willingness to allow him to share the stage with them, (and several audience members shouted for him to be allowed) I instructed the officers to ask him to abide by the rules, which he did. He then removed his robe, joined the others on the stage, and was, for the most part, abiding by the rules, and added some comic relief to what for some is not an exciting event. So, despite the appearances, the police acted exactly as we asked, and did not harass or abuse Mr. Clarke in any way. In fact, I believe their calm presence was a factor in the relatively uneventful proceedings, and I wish to thank them for their efforts. Mike Sullivan Chair Weston Community Coalition	<urn:uuid:878817b7-25b8-4327-bfac-a1375b7c4a31>	CC-MAIN-2018-47	http://westoncommunitycoalition.ca/Air%20Rail%20Link%20Update%20Feb%202%2007.pdf	2018-11-16T23:08:10Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743216.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116214920-20181117000920-00262.warc.gz	360,274,258	520	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.999509	eng_Latn	0.999509	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2421 ]
The following TDC Odd Semester Examination, 2023 appeared students who have not yet paid their Exam. Centre Fees are hereby directed again to pay the same within 10th January, 2024 without fail through online mode; otherwise their further Admission/Examination related works may be kept withheld. If anybody has paid from the attached list is also directed to submit the print out copy of Bank Statement to the College Office within the aforesaid date. LIST OF THE FEES UNPAID STUDENTS IS ENCLOSED WITH THE NOTICE Vice-Principal G.C. College, Silchar Vice-Principal, G.C. College, Silchar – 4 \| Sl. No. \| Form Sr. No \| Registration No. \| Student Name \| Mobile No \| Category \| Fees \| \|--------\|-------------\|------------------\|----------------------------\|---------------\|----------\|------\| \| 1 \| 511903 \| 202000002429 \| ABHISHEK KAIRI \| 9957828047 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 2 \| 514190 \| 20220003301 \| AJOY DAS \| 6000678713 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 3 \| 514196 \| 20220003100 \| AL SAIBA MAZUMDER \| 9954364766 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 4 \| 514219 \| 20220003242 \| ALI PAL \| 6009001191 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 5 \| 514234 \| 20220003471 \| AMRITA SINHA \| 9577475695 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 6 \| 513823 \| 20220015548 \| ANURAG RAI \| 9678204325 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 7 \| 513989 \| 202200015396 \| ARIJIT BASAK \| 9863179034 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 8 \| 513353 \| 20220003555 \| ARMITA BEGAM \| 6001312104 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 9 \| 514054 \| 20220003421 \| BIKASH SINHA \| 7099725490 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 10 \| 514065 \| 20220003306 \| BIKI SAHA \| 9864879878 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 11 \| 514213 \| 20220003323 \| BIRAJ DEB \| 9085213241 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 12 \| 514215 \| 20220003342 \| BISHAL NATH \| 8638737612 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 13 \| 511669 \| 202200015395 \| BISWARUP DHAR \| 6913208235 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 14 \| 514049 \| 20220015400 \| CHIRANJIB KURMI \| 8822407184 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 15 \| 513987 \| 20220003369 \| DEBANJAN CHAKRABORTY \| 9954968228 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 16 \| 513477 \| 20220003202 \| DEBASISH REANG \| 9862099487 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 17 \| 513733 \| 20220015552 \| DEBOSREE PAUL \| 9127246307 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 18 \| 511557 \| 20220003075 \| DHRUBAJYOTI SINHA \| 7099725053 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 19 \| 531936 \| 20220003495 \| GAUTAM DAS \| 6002038586 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 20 \| 513821 \| 20220003119 \| GAUTAM RAJ BHAR \| 6901782112 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 21 \| 514075 \| 2022003644 \| HASSAN AHMED BARLASKAR \| 6001089026 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 22 \| 513833 \| 20220003387 \| HIMABANTA BHATTACHARJEE \| 9402582223 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 23 \| 513806 \| 20220003275 \| JOYRAJ DEY \| 9395332708 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 24 \| 514323 \| 20220003384 \| JUIE ADHIKARI \| 6002455484 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 25 \| 513878 \| 20220003372 \| JYOTIKESH SINHA \| 6000478425 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 26 \| 513853 \| 20220003429 \| KORNOJOY RIANG \| 8812915847 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 27 \| 511670 \| 20220003447 \| M PREM SINGHA \| 8472093585 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 28 \| 512067 \| 20220004443 \| MD JAMIR HUSSAIN \| 8453187967 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 29 \| 514031 \| 20220003346 \| MICHAEL KHASNAMHA REANG \| 8822428048 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| \| Roll No \| Registration No \| Name \| ID Number \| Result \| Marks \| \|---\|----------\|-----------------\|-----------------------\|---------------\|--------\|-------\| \| 30\| 511671 \| 20220003070 \| MISNA DEVI \| 7099250371 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 31\| 514030 \| 202200015406 \| MOHAMMED HASSAN CHOUDHURY \| 9387437964 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 32\| 514220 \| 20220003273 \| MOHANDAS RAJBONGSHI \| 9365190152 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 33\| 514056 \| 20220003148 \| MOMRIT BARMAN \| 6901185212 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 34\| 511933 \| 20220003219 \| MONALI RAJBONOSHI \| 9577106588 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 35\| 514465 \| 20210004771 \| MOON ROY \| 7576819329 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 36\| 514216 \| 20220003160 \| MOSTUFA ALOM BARBHUIYA\| 6001638510 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 37\| 514198 \| 20220003520 \| MOUMITA DAS \| 6003208892 \| Honours\| 250 \| \| 38\| 514255 \| 20220003303 \| MUNNI SUKLABAIDYA \| 9706741608 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 39\| 513351 \| 20220003554 \| NARGIS SULTANA LASKAR \| 9957917857 \| Honours\| 500 \| \| 40\| 514027 \| 20220003436 \| NAWAS UDDIN \| 7896283290 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 41\| 513892 \| 20220003029 \| NITUL DAS \| 8099137490 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 42\| 513377 \| 20220003631 \| PARBEJ AHMED BARBHUIYA\| 7002775835 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 43\| 513809 \| 20220003200 \| PAYEL DAS \| 9365798038 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 44\| 512162 \| 20220003391 \| PINKI RANI BAISHNAB \| 9864268481 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 45\| 514069 \| 20220003083 \| PRACHI SARKAR \| 9395728976 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 46\| 513839 \| 20220003347 \| PRECIOUSLY SUYAM KHONGLAH \| 9395283576 \| Honours\| 500 \| \| 47\| 511828 \| 202220003513 \| PRITAM KUMAR SINGHA \| 9678984512 \| Honours\| 250 \| \| 48\| 514387 \| 20200000343 \| PRONAB DAS \| 6026644504 \| Honours\| 430 \| \| 49\| 511957 \| 20220003284 \| PUBALIP AUL \| 8638969929 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 50\| 514257 \| 20220003356 \| PUJA NAMASUDRA \| 9476657950 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 51\| 512171 \| 2022003136 \| PUSPITA DAS \| 9394448037 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 52\| 513986 \| 20220003035 \| RABI CHANDA \| 9127160172 \| Honours\| 500 \| \| 53\| 513009 \| 20220003362 \| RAJ KANGSHA BANIK \| 6000056300 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 54\| 513893 \| 20220003034 \| RAJDEEP DHAR \| 7636840792 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 55\| 513266 \| 20220003223 \| RAJESH DAS \| 9957618026 \| Honours\| 500 \| \| 56\| 513816 \| 20220003092 \| RAJESH DAS \| 7002830004 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 57\| 514464 \| 20220003405 \| RAMKHUAN RONGMEI \| 6000247471 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 58\| 513812 \| 20220003522 \| RIYA GOUR \| 9476545730 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 59\| 511621 \| 202200015554 \| RIYA SINGH \| 8822407948 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 60\| 513460 \| 20220003383 \| RUHI BEGUM BARBHUIYA \| 6900673184 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 61\| 513015 \| 20220003589 \| RUPASREE MALKAR \| 9864816413 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 62\| 514432 \| 20210004937 \| SAGARIKA CHANDA \| 9954380723 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 63\| 513886 \| 20220003156 \| SAHIL AHMED LASKAR \| 8638403089 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| \| Roll No \| Registration No \| Name \| ID Number \| Result \| Marks \| \|---\|----------\|-----------------\|-----------------------\|---------------\|-----------\|-------\| \| 64\| 513873 \| 20220003641 \| SHAHANUL PARVEZ BARBHUIYA \| 9365857150 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 65\| 513858 \| 20220003375 \| SHIVAM CHAKRABORTY \| 6002306132 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 66\| 514033 \| 20220003474 \| SHUBHAKANKITA PAUL \| 9395413374 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 67\| 511660 \| 20220003382 \| SNAHA DEBNATH \| 9707587521 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 68\| 513901 \| 20220003395 \| SNEHA ACHARJEE \| 7099249971 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 69\| 513062 \| 20220015508 \| SNIGDHA ROY \| 8822761938 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 70\| 514207 \| 20220003487 \| SONDIPONA DAS \| 9707625585 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 71\| 514066 \| 20220003049 \| SUBHAM SAHA \| 8638512438 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 72\| 514026 \| 20220003130 \| SUBRATA DAS \| 7002743982 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 73\| 513907 \| 20220003460 \| SUCHISMITA DAS \| 9707404464 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 74\| 513294 \| 20220003316 \| SUJAN BAISHNAB \| 9365581734 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 75\| 511663 \| 20220003556 \| SUJAN DAS \| 8453717442 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 76\| 511897 \| 20220003089 \| SUJIT DAS \| 9401202296 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 77\| 513874 \| 20220003173 \| SUMAN DAS \| 7099490589 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 78\| 512817 \| 20220003496 \| SUVAM NAG \| 8011196347 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 79\| 514201 \| 20220003030 \| TANVIR MAHTAB MAZUMDER\| 9707589688 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 80\| 513900 \| 20220003080 \| TUSHAR KANTI PAUL \| 8638082810 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 81\| 513354 \| 20220003120 \| UJJAL DAS \| 8453032608 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| Sl. No. \| Form Sr. No \| Registration No. \| Student Name \| Mobile No \| Category \| Fees \| \|--------\|-------------\|------------------\|----------------------------\|---------------\|----------\|------\| \| 1 \| 523747 \| 20220004053 \| ABHISHEK BOSE \| 7099753126 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 2 \| 522354 \| 20220004452 \| ANUBHAV YADAV \| 7099724557 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 3 \| 524269 \| 20220015514 \| ANUSHKA PAUL \| 6901986422 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 4 \| 522439 \| 20220015422 \| ARPITA BARMAN \| 6003484935 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 5 \| 523754 \| 20220004425 \| ARUP SINHA \| 6002439370 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 6 \| 524104 \| 20220004214 \| ASHAB UDDIN \| 9365727895 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 7 \| 523723 \| 20220004259 \| AYUSH CHANDA \| 8638871517 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 8 \| 522422 \| 20220004482 \| AYUSH PRADHAN \| 9707759200 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 9 \| 523661 \| 20220004470 \| BIBEK DEY SARKAR \| 7002080972 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 10 \| 524268 \| 20220004234 \| BIRAJ PAUL \| 9954413991 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 11 \| 524106 \| 20220004378 \| BORNALI DAS \| 6002893367 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 12 \| 522540 \| 20190003450 \| CHIRAG PAUL \| 7002043196 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 13 \| 524151 \| 20220004426 \| DEBIKA NATH \| 7005911258 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 14 \| 524156 \| 2022004444 \| DEEPARPAN DEB \| 9365278774 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 15 \| 524945 \| 20220004444 \| DEEPARPAN DEB ROY \| 9365278774 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 16 \| 524290 \| 20180014037 \| DHRITI SUNDAR NATH \| 9854754269 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 17 \| 523924 \| 20220004474 \| ELIJAH SHADAP \| 9395101481 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 18 \| 523717 \| 20220004137 \| GOURAB DEB NATH \| 9612619704 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 19 \| 521809 \| 20220001673 \| IMDAD PARBAZ BARBHUIYA \| 9365854331 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 20 \| 522411 \| 50550004096 \| JAKIA NASRIN BARBHUIYA \| 8135820004 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 21 \| 522549 \| 20190003964 \| JAYDIP NAG \| 8811966755 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 22 \| 522431 \| 2021000078 \| KEYA DAS \| 6003394754 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 23 \| 523934 \| 20220004097 \| KISHORE DAS \| 9678627608 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 24 \| 524150 \| 20220004188 \| KSH ANAND SINGHA \| 8473932564 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 25 \| 523750 \| 20220004285 \| L BIJESH SINGHA \| 8638859537 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 26 \| 523603 \| 20220015414 \| MADAN MOHAN RAJKUMAR \| 6900397817 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 27 \| 524505 \| 20220004313 \| MEHBOOBA BEGUM MAZUMDAR \| 8839181789 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 28 \| 522344 \| 20220004407 \| MEHEK EMRIN BARBHUIYA \| 6207992047 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 29 \| 521597 \| 20220001177 \| MUNMUN CHANDA \| 9707922952 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 30 \| 523756 \| 20210005755 \| NEELANKAN CHOUDHURY \| 9365450958 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 31 \| 522263 \| 20220004467 \| NOURIN AZAD NAAZ \| 8638501001 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 32 \| 524272 \| 20210005789 \| PRAKASH CHAKRABORTY \| 9365583200 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 33 \| 524503 \| 20220004024 \| RAJASHREE SINGHA \| 9435565756 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 34 \| 524115 \| 20220004224 \| RAJDEEP DAS \| 8822795905 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 35 \| 523926 \| 20220004438 \| RESHMI DAS \| 9863239755 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 36 \| 524270 \| 20220004373 \| REZAUL ISLAM CHOUDHURY \| 600046720 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 37 \| 524472 \| 20220004488 \| ROCHAN THIEK \| 9864240698 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 38 \| 523760 \| 20220004095 \| S GAURAV SINGHA \| 7896476789 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 39 \| 524285 \| 20200001467 \| SAMRAT DEY \| 9707101978 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 40 \| 524284 \| 20210005820 \| SANJOY DUTTA \| 8472835762 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 41 \| 524488 \| 20220004114 \| SARA NATH \| 6029772965 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 42 \| 523675 \| 20220015567 \| SAUGAT DAS \| 6000348841 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 43 \| 523776 \| 20220004052 \| SHAN BORMAN \| 8638690073 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 44 \| 523673 \| 20220004363 \| SHAYAN DAS \| 6001151943 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 45 \| 523677 \| 2020001348 \| SHAYANTIKA ROY \| 6000622657 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 46 \| 524094 \| 20220004268 \| SOLMAN AKTAR \| 9957602814 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 47 \| 524109 \| 20220004351 \| SOMNATH BHATTACHARJEE \| 9395903729 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 48 \| 524288 \| 20210005589 \| SOURAV NATH \| 6001639767 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 49 \| 524149 \| 20220004044 \| SUDIP KAIRI \| 9864898996 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 50 \| 522550 \| 20190003644 \| SUJIT CHANDA \| 9864883612 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 51 \| 522429 \| 20220004074 \| SUMONA NATH \| 6003455801 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 52 \| 523925 \| 20220004479 \| SWARNASREE NATH \| 8414855372 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 53 \| 523921 \| 20220004434 \| TAIYEEBUR RAHMAN \| 7896037729 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 54 \| 521538 \| 20220004078 \| UTTARA SUTRADHAR \| 6000830621 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 55 \| 524003 \| 202200044362 \| WASIF JAMAL BARBHUIYA \| 6002642600 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| Sl. No. \| Form Sr. No \| Registration No. \| Student Name \| Mobile No \| Category \| Fees \| \|--------\|-------------\|------------------\|----------------------------\|---------------\|----------\|------\| \| 1 \| 533737 \| 20220003972 \| ABHISEK SUKLABADYYA \| 9395059886 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 2 \| 534681 \| 20220003943 \| ABHISHEK CHAKRABORTY \| 7099532291 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 3 \| 534683 \| 20220003933 \| ADHIR DAS \| 8403854730 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 4 \| 534205 \| 20220004011 \| AMAN SINHA \| 9365868546 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 5 \| 534344 \| 20220003759 \| ANUBHAB PURKAYASTHA \| 9394355443 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 6 \| 534139 \| 20220003886 \| BISHAL DAS \| 7896165920 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 7 \| 533558 \| 2020003761 \| BISHAL SAHU \| 6001740907 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 8 \| 534917 \| 202200003761 \| BISHAL SAHU \| 8876356194 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 9 \| 533734 \| 20210005339 \| DEBOPRIYO DEY \| 6000543954 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 10 \| 533627 \| 20220003984 \| DIBA DEBNATH \| 6009666682 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 11 \| 531869 \| 202200037487 \| KAJAL CHAKRABORTY \| 7636860812 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 12 \| 532525 \| 20220003791 \| KALPATARU DAS \| 7578838256 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 13 \| 534329 \| 20220004013 \| KAUSHAL DUTTA \| 9366751792 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 14 \| 534133 \| 20220003878 \| KRISHNA AGARWALLA \| 8011817479 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 15 \| 534679 \| 20220003798 \| MAHANANDA DAS \| 7577827757 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 16 \| 534138 \| 20220003889 \| PINKU BAGDI \| 8822440570 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 17 \| 532582 \| 20220003954 \| PUNOM DAS \| 9707925078 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 18 \| 533636 \| 20220003720 \| RASHMI NAHAR BARBHUIYA \| 9394828492 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 19 \| 534333 \| 20220003986 \| RASMITA SAHA \| 6003257242 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 20 \| 532535 \| 20220003876 \| REEYA SINHA \| 7002126951 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 21 \| 531886 \| 20220003895 \| RINGMAI LANGTHASA \| 8134823867 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 22 \| 532520 \| 20220004019 \| RITESH SHARMA \| 8473969326 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 23 \| 534468 \| 20220004014 \| RUCHIKA DAS \| 7099441793 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 24 \| 534952 \| 20220003846 \| RUKINI PDANG \| 9101719949 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 25 \| 534660 \| 20220003486 \| RUKINI PDANG \| 813840215 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 26 \| 534294 \| 20220003804 \| SATYAJIT DAS \| 6000389290 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 27 \| 534359 \| 20220004021 \| SNEHA PAUL \| 8472043786 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 28 \| 533658 \| 20220003902 \| SUNNY DAS \| 6002631651 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 29 \| 532575 \| 20220003848 \| TH UMEN SINGH \| 9707107742 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 30 \| 533559 \| 20220003741 \| TISHA PAUL \| 7002013550 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 31 \| 533660 \| 20220003962 \| UTPAL ROY \| 9706301457 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| Sl. No. \| Form Sr. No \| Registration No. \| Student Name \| Mobile No \| Category \| Fees \| \|--------\|-------------\|------------------\|----------------------------\|---------------\|----------\|------\| \| 1 \| 543311 \| 20220003655 \| AKIB RASUL LASKAR \| 9365010270 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 2 \| 543868 \| 20220003648 \| ANIRBAN SEN \| 9957895543 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 3 \| 544616 \| 20220003647 \| BISHAL RAY \| 9395064739 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 4 \| 543297 \| 20220003700 \| DEEPIYOTI GOPE \| 9365025184 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 5 \| 544618 \| 20220003702 \| F ZOLAWM SANGA \| 6009961747 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 6 \| 544598 \| 20220003688 \| GOURAV GOWALA \| 6000844026 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 7 \| 544558 \| 20220003673 \| MANSHI KURMI \| 9707841030 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 8 \| 543863 \| 20220003697 \| NITISH SINHA \| 9387075766 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 9 \| 541612 \| 2020003667 \| PRITI DAS \| 600100191 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 10 \| 543381 \| 20180013533 \| PRTHIRAJ BANIK \| 6000078057 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 11 \| 544561 \| 20220003672 \| RAKESH SINGHA \| 9101916135 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 12 \| 544559 \| 20220015512 \| SHIBASISH DEB PURKAYASTHA \| 9864612732 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 13 \| 543604 \| 20220003696 \| SIDDHARTHA GOON \| 7086520711 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 14 \| 544560 \| 20220003695 \| SRIA SHILL \| 7636828114 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| Sl. No. \| Form Sr. No \| Registration No. \| Student Name \| Mobile No \| Category \| Fees \| \|--------\|-------------\|------------------\|------------------------------\|---------------\|----------\|------\| \| 1 \| 713109 \| 20200000802 \| ABDUL SAHID BARBHUIYA \| 7687001046 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 2 \| 714755 \| 20190003213 \| ABHIJIT DAS \| 8876866695 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 3 \| 714586 \| 2020000356 \| ABHIJIT SAHU \| 8822997732 \| Honours \| 680 \| \| 4 \| 713185 \| 20210004867 \| AL JUBAIR BARBHUIYA \| 7099995082 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 5 \| 714581 \| 20210004641 \| AMRITA BARMAN \| 9395528353 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 6 \| 714659 \| 2020000805 \| ANAMIKA DEB \| 9101271763 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 7 \| 713105 \| 20200000341 \| ANIRBAN CHAKRABORTY \| 8403079364 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 8 \| 714778 \| 2020000748 \| ANIRBAN CHOUDHURY \| 9999999999 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 9 \| 713168 \| 20210004900 \| ANKIT PAUL \| 6000530682 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 10 \| 714573 \| 2020000410 \| ARIYAN NANDI \| 6002591795 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 11 \| 714739 \| 2020000309 \| ASUMA BEGUM BARBHUIYA \| 9365053070 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 12 \| 714445 \| 20200000401 \| AVRODEEP DAS \| 6001702741 \| Pass \| 930 \| \| 13 \| 713152 \| 20210004789 \| BAISHAKHI NATH \| 9854809678 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 14 \| 714815 \| 20210004949 \| BAISHALI CHAKRABORTY \| 6003542026 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 15 \| 713046 \| 20210004956 \| BAJAN DAS \| 8453342232 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 16 \| 712137 \| 20210004990 \| BASUNDHARA DEBROY \| 8011418695 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 17 \| 712945 \| 20210004888 \| BIDYUT SUTRADHAR \| 9476829544 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 18 \| 711676 \| 2020000763 \| BIKRAM NOMOSUDRA \| 9854562660 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 19 \| 714792 \| 20200000348 \| BIPASHA DAS \| 6033153544 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 20 \| 713037 \| 20210004699 \| BIPASHA DAS \| 9864607404 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 21 \| 713319 \| 20200000756 \| BIPOB DAS \| 8822079878 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 22 \| 714206 \| 20200000381 \| BISHAL KAHAR \| 9394091073 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 23 \| 712808 \| 20190002720 \| BISHAL SINGHA \| 8822118028 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 24 \| 712995 \| 20210004973 \| BISHAL SINHA \| 7002201531 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 25 \| 712333 \| 20210004735 \| BISWASREE ADHIKARY \| 7086487670 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 26 \| 714881 \| 20190003164 \| CHAMPA NAMASUDRA \| 7975028133 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 27 \| 714753 \| 20190003033 \| DEEJPIT SARKAR \| 9365277900 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 28 \| 713119 \| 20210004444 \| DEEPSHIKHA DEY \| 6003497051 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 29 \| 713039 \| 20220003190 \| DHRUBAJIT DAS \| 8638641791 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 30 \| 713151 \| 20200000441 \| DIPAM PAUL \| 9101250383 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| \| ID \| Roll No. \| Name \| Roll No. \| Result \| Marks \| \|---\|--------\|-----------\|-----------------------\|-----------\|--------\|-------\| \| 31\| 712852 \| 20210004984 \| DIPANWITA CHOUDHURY \| 9435889043 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 32\| 713040 \| 20190002963 \| DIYA SHILL \| 9706787648 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 33\| 713081 \| 20210004558 \| DUEL DEY \| 8939537980 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 34\| 714578 \| 20210004970 \| EDWARD ZOSANGLIEN \| 6003345967 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 35\| 712728 \| 20190003132 \| ELONA DAS \| 9365921098 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 36\| 713148 \| 20210004880 \| FARHA BASIT MAZUMDER \| 8553746574 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 37\| 714630 \| 2020000683 \| HARI BATI CHANU SINGHA\| 7636985268 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 38\| 714639 \| 2020000293 \| HRISHIKESH SINHA \| 9613334011 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 39\| 714640 \| 2020000710 \| HRISHITA GOALA \| 6003019653 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 40\| 714757 \| 20210004831 \| JIBANESH DAS \| 8638894023 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 41\| 713042 \| 20190003189 \| JOY DAS \| 6002833209 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 42\| 713102 \| 20210004533 \| KARAN PAUL \| 6001226366 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 43\| 714794 \| 20210004883 \| KATARA KALAN LASKAR \| 9707306692 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 44\| 713080 \| 20190003227 \| KAUSHIK CHAKRABORTY \| 6000325945 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 45\| 712054 \| 20210004932 \| KHANGMADIN RONGMEI \| 9394732989 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 46\| 714785 \| 20210004543 \| L SACHIN SINGHA \| 7085292370 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 47\| 714756 \| 20190003097 \| LISMI SUCHEN \| 6002699280 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 48\| 713118 \| 20200000275 \| MARILYA HMAR \| 6002071498 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 49\| 712739 \| 20210004798 \| MASUMA AKHTAR BARBHUIYA\| 7086915597 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 50\| 712972 \| 2010004782 \| MEHRAJ HUSSAIN LASKAR \| 9394345816 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 51\| 713115 \| 20210004416 \| MELINDA MUKHIM \| 7099526251 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 52\| 713055 \| 20190003082 \| MISHMI ROY \| 8403885098 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 53\| 714044 \| 20210004554 \| MONJIT SINGH \| 6002084568 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 54\| 714754 \| 20210004886 \| MONO DEEP DEY \| 9365719106 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 55\| 713183 \| 20200000736 \| MOUMITA BAISHNAB \| 6003542409 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 56\| 714656 \| 20200001119 \| MRIGANKA SEAL \| 9365344825 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 57\| 714779 \| 20210004575 \| NABUSSUM LASKAR \| 9999999999 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 58\| 714043 \| 20210004753 \| NADIYA ANJUM BARLASKAR\| 8011671114 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 59\| 714767 \| 20210020079 \| NEHA BARMAN \| 9387067506 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 60\| 312813 \| 20200000695 \| NEHA SINHA \| 9957214498 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 61\| 714576 \| 20210004957 \| NIKITA DEY \| 6003326702 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 62\| 714628 \| 20210004467 \| NISHA SINGHA \| 6001339092 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 63\| 722717 \| 20200000455 \| NISHITA DAS \| 6900097352 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 64\| 713233 \| 20210004468 \| NITISH KUMAR JAHARI \| 69010945712\| Pass \| 500 \| \| No. \| Roll No. \| Registration No. \| Name \| ID Number \| Result \| Marks \| \|-----\|-----------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|-----------------\|------------\|-------\| \| 65 \| 714736 \| 2020000301 \| NURJAHAN BEGUM LASKAR \| 6003198942 \| Honours \| 680 \| \| 66 \| 714661 \| 20210004586 \| PANNA DHOBI \| 9387650937 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 67 \| 713187 \| 20210004603 \| PANTHIMEI KAMEI \| 8402905251 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 68 \| 713091 \| 20210004638 \| PARAMITA NAG \| 9435887022 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 69 \| 712860 \| 20210005805 \| PINAK NATH \| 9435234712 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 70 \| 712643 \| 20210004366 \| POPINA FARIN CHOUDHURY\| 9395536120 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 71 \| 714597 \| 20210004681 \| PRASANT SINGH \| 7086521063 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 72 \| 713053 \| 20200000760 \| PRITAM PAUL \| 6001424735 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 73 \| 713169 \| 20210004508 \| PRITI PAUL \| 8721830548 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 74 \| 713498 \| 20200000529 \| PRIYANKA DAS \| 8486409627 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 75 \| 712320 \| 20200000473 \| PUJA CHAKRABORTY \| 7636871475 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 76 \| 712017 \| 20200000311 \| PUJA CHOUDHURY \| 8011634554 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 77 \| 712737 \| 20190003760 \| RABANANDA DAS \| 6000911867 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 78 \| 714747 \| 20200000712 \| RABIJEET BISWAS \| 7086582680 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 79 \| 714631 \| 20190003007 \| RAJA ROY \| 7002563391 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 80 \| 713299 \| 20210004605 \| RAJDEEP DEB \| 7002649680 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 81 \| 713047 \| 20220003501 \| RAJESH SUTRADHAR \| 6001446262 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 82 \| 713085 \| 20210004672 \| RAMA KANTA SHARMA \| 9864615492 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 83 \| 714580 \| 20210004971 \| RAMTHLIRSANG \| 6003392386 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 84 \| 712203 \| 202100043559 \| RIYA DAS \| 6003728947 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 85 \| 713465 \| 20190003239 \| RIYA SARKAR \| 6003904168 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 86 \| 714455 \| 20180013242 \| ROBERT HMAR \| 7578877966 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 87 \| 713235 \| 20200000629 \| ROZOT DAS \| 8731929417 \| Pass \| 930 \| \| 88 \| 712976 \| 2021002085 \| RUBANA CHOUDHURY \| 7002955131 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 89 \| 713071 \| 20210004417 \| RUDRA PRATAP SEN \| 600360373 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 90 \| 713232 \| 20210004479 \| RUPSHA SAHA \| 8638741270 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 91 \| 714814 \| 20210004647 \| SAGAR NATH \| 6001325052 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 92 \| 714880 \| 20200000345 \| SAIMATA DAS \| 6001622709 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 93 \| 712241 \| 20210004504 \| SAINA SINGH \| 6002528350 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 94 \| 714449 \| 20200000430 \| SANI SAHA \| 6001915385 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 95 \| 713038 \| 20220003088 \| SANJOY DAS \| 9707568026 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 96 \| 713132 \| 20190002798 \| SAPNA PASHI \| 9957999375 \| Pass \| 930 \| \| 97 \| 712898 \| 20210004435 \| SAPTARSHI NATH \| 6003499855 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 98 \| 713462 \| 20190003169 \| SAPTARSHI SARKAR \| 6002090294 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 99 \| 714744 \| 20210004711 \| SARBASREE DAS \| 8822326574 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 100 \| 714811 \| 20210004570 \| SAURAV KAIRI \| 6002855397 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 101 \| 714569 \| 2020000523 \| SAURAV SINHA \| 8720937123 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 102 \| 712934 \| 20210004951 \| SHAHIL PHON \| 9101262602 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 103 \| 713124 \| 20190003238 \| SHANTONA DEB \| 7578838073 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 104 \| 312801 \| 20200000406 \| SHIULI DUTTA \| 9864738351 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 105 \| 712261 \| 20190002841 \| SHRIYA PAUL \| 8638423047 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 106 \| 712253 \| 20220000055991 \| SHUBHROJIT DASGUPTA \| 9394345845 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 107 \| 712904 \| 20200000100 \| SHUSMA SINGHA \| 9365274902 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 108 \| 714623 \| 20210004604 \| SIDAWEL PYRTUH \| 8453229589 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 109 \| 714793 \| 20200000612 \| SIMRAN SINHA \| 6009503455 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 110 \| 713230 \| 20210004431 \| SNEHA ROY \| 6900130621 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 111 \| 713116 \| 20200000543 \| SNEHANSHU SHEKHAR BHATTACHARJEE \| 8876326014 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 112 \| 713310 \| 20210005610 \| SNIGDHA BAISHNAB \| 7086919205 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 113 \| 714745 \| 20210004809 \| SOUMYAJYOTI BHATTACHARJEE \| 9476694811 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 114 \| 713075 \| 202200000687 \| SOURAV NATH \| 8812024778 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 115 \| 711675 \| 20210004615 \| SUBHAJIT PAUL \| 9101238297 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 116 \| 712895 \| 20200000781 \| SUBRATA DAS \| 6003069918 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 117 \| 713605 \| 20180013511 \| SUCHARITA DAS \| 8811875277 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 118 \| 712854 \| 20210004520 \| SUJATA DAS \| 8471900292 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 119 \| 712105 \| 20210004352 \| SUJIT KANU \| 9365991103 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 120 \| 713219 \| 20210004585 \| SUMIT DAS \| 6003910363 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 121 \| 714740 \| 20210004446 \| SUMONA DIPUSA \| 8876240158 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 122 \| 712062 \| 202100004757 \| SUNNY DAS \| 6002468226 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 123 \| 714879 \| 20200000308 \| SUPARNA CHANDA \| 8638324076 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 124 \| 713072 \| 20210004713 \| SUPROJIT DAS \| 7002639753 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 125 \| 713050 \| 20210004379 \| SUSMITA NATH \| 7099846829 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 126 \| 713086 \| 20190003247 \| SUVOJIT DEB \| 9394879365 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 127 \| 713263 \| 20210004623 \| SUYEL AHMED LASKAR \| 8638926239 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 128 \| 714798 \| 20210004839 \| TAPAN KAIRI \| 7636019484 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 129 \| 713167 \| 20210004906 \| TARUN SINGHA \| 8471956378 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 130 \| 713004 \| 20190003040 \| TIKLI DAS \| 8822662433 \| Pass \| 930 \| \| 131 \| 713136 \| 20210004425 \| TULI NAG \| 9954519539 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 132 \| 712659 \| 20210004571 \| TUPSHI BANIK \| 9395098491 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 133 \| 712412 \| 20210004826 \| UMME KULSUM LASKAR \| 6001479732 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 134 \| 714816 \| 20210004870 \| VINAYAK SHEEL \| 8011211824 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 135 \| 714855 \| 20210004873 \| ZOSINGPUI VANKAL \| 8471814682 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 136 \| 712978 \| 20210004744 \| ZWEL AHMED BARBHUIYA \| 9395601716 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 137 \| 314429 \| 20210005582 \| DIPANKAR CHANDA \| 8822561446 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 138 \| 313566 \| 20210005253 \| KETAN PAUL \| 8402063988 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 139 \| 314735 \| 20210004529 \| RIYA PAUL \| 6001993380 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 140 \| 314424 \| 20210005778 \| SWEETY NATH \| 9365027585 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| Sl. No. \| Form Sr. No \| Registration No. \| Student Name \| Mobile No \| Category \| Fees \| \|--------\|-------------\|------------------\|-------------------------------\|---------------\|----------\|------\| \| 1 \| 724789 \| 20210005786 \| ABDUL SAHID KAZI \| 6000471926 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 2 \| 724349 \| 20200001497 \| ABHISHEK PAUL \| 9365618974 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 3 \| 313571 \| 20200001493 \| AL AZOM MOSTUFA MOZUMDAR \| 9957405532 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 4 \| 724072 \| 202000001697 \| AMISHA BARMAN \| 6001451745 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 5 \| 721853 \| 20210005799 \| AMIT DAS \| 6003682526 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 6 \| 723414 \| 20210005551 \| ANAM UDDIN \| 6003595759 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 7 \| 723961 \| 20210005345 \| ANIKET CHANDA \| 8721824580 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 8 \| 723966 \| 20200001299 \| ANIKET PAUL \| 6001658687 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 9 \| 724067 \| 20210005499 \| ANKITA PAUL \| 8131070214 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 10 \| 724486 \| 20200001335 \| ARCHISMAN CHAKRABORTY \| 7002162807 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 11 \| 721532 \| 20210005479 \| ARNOLD DEY \| 9435626236 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 12 \| 723252 \| 20210005593 \| ARPITA DAS \| 9854222741 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 13 \| 724077 \| 30210005788 \| BABUL HUSSAIN LASKAR \| 6001908813 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 14 \| 723953 \| 20210005622 \| BHARATI BARMAN \| 7099725059 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 15 \| 723486 \| 20200001512 \| BIKASH KANTI NATH \| 9707570767 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 16 \| 724456 \| 20210005669 \| BIKASH PAUL \| 7638896585 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 17 \| 724820 \| 20200001475 \| BINOY MAZUMDER \| 8638506592 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 18 \| 723964 \| 20210005810 \| BISHOWJIT GOALA \| 9387953118 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 19 \| 723970 \| 20210005369 \| BISWARUP DAS \| 9707105256 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 20 \| 311864 \| 20200001219 \| DEBANJAN NAG \| 6001842264 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 21 \| 723278 \| 20180013895 \| DRUSILLA NGURTE \| 7696022223 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 22 \| 724078 \| 20210005580 \| FAHAJ AHMED LASKAR \| 76379771399 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 23 \| 723960 \| 20210005343 \| GAURAV PAUL \| 9864515240 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 24 \| 721848 \| 20200001509 \| HIMANGSHU SINHA \| 9678475365 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 25 \| 724335 \| 20210005443 \| HRITHIK RANJAN DEB \| 6003772970 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 26 \| 724347 \| 20200001494 \| JAHIRUL ISLAM LASKAR \| 7636830467 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 27 \| 723948 \| 20200001434 \| KALI CHARAN DEB \| 6001130583 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 28 \| 723949 \| 20210005354 \| MAHBUB AHMED \| 9613076830 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 29 \| 724116 \| 20200001604 \| MASUD ALOM LASKAR \| 7002758005 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 30 \| 722140 \| 20200001677 \| MASUMA KHANOM LASKAR \| 9678884786 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 31 \| 721849 \| 20210005756 \| MAWSUMI BHATTACHARJEE \| 7099481022 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 32 \| 724475 \| 20180013960 \| MAYURI DAS \| 9706383273 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| \| Roll No \| Registration No \| Name \| Roll No \| Result \| Marks \| \|---\|----------\|-----------------\|-----------------------------\|----------\|------------\|-------\| \| 33\| 724081 \| 20210005722 \| MEGHNA DAS \| 8486115348\| Honours \| 250 \| \| 34\| 724801 \| 2020000642 \| MEHBUB HASSAN LASKAR \| 9864634237\| Pass \| 430 \| \| 35\| 724102 \| 20220004440 \| MOHOSHINA FIRDOPWS AHMED \| 6001633304\| Pass \| 430 \| \| 36\| 723954 \| 20210005572 \| MONISH DAS \| 6001368367\| Pass \| 250 \| \| 37\| 724834 \| 20210005457 \| MOON MOON ACHARJEE \| 6003307680\| Honours \| 750 \| \| 38\| 724564 \| 20210004682 \| MORTAZA MEHBUB MAZUMDER \| 7399415805\| Pass \| 750 \| \| 39\| 724810 \| 20210005278 \| NABARUN ACHARJEE \| 6003282881\| Pass \| 500 \| \| 40\| 721861 \| 20200001529 \| NIKITA ROY \| 6900097490\| Pass \| 430 \| \| 41\| 724788 \| 20220004384 \| NIKY NONGTHOMBAM \| 8638152514\| Pass \| 430 \| \| 42\| 724080 \| 20210005664 \| NUMAN AHMED LASKAR \| 9101941969\| Pass \| 750 \| \| 43\| 724016 \| 9864744108 \| PAROMITA DAS \| 9864744108\| Honours \| 250 \| \| 44\| 722560 \| 20200001318 \| PRITAM GOALA \| 9707220544\| Honours \| 250 \| \| 45\| 722558 \| 202100020829 \| PRIYANGSHU CHAKRABORTY \| 7086386504\| Honours \| 250 \| \| 46\| 723951 \| 20190003923 \| RAHUL SHEEL \| 6003272050\| Honours \| 680 \| \| 47\| 724565 \| 20210004676 \| RANA UZ ZAMAN LASKAR \| 9707405970\| Pass \| 750 \| \| 48\| 724372 \| 20200001168 \| RANJIT REE \| 9127055060\| Pass \| 430 \| \| 49\| 724338 \| 20210005484 \| RESHMI SINHA \| 8638432882\| Honours \| 250 \| \| 50\| 724776 \| 20210005817 \| ROHIT CHANDA \| 9999999999\| Pass \| 750 \| \| 51\| 723509 \| 20210005674 \| ROHIT DAS \| 6003771997\| Honours \| 750 \| \| 52\| 723448 \| 20200001216 \| RUPAK DAS \| 6000272850\| Pass \| 430 \| \| 53\| 723479 \| 20210005519 \| RUPAK PAUL \| 6000021164\| Honours \| 500 \| \| 54\| 724838 \| 20210005630 \| SAHUL KUMAR SINGH \| 9707589240\| Honours \| 250 \| \| 55\| 722070 \| 202100005437 \| SEHNAJ YASMIN CHOUDHURY \| 8822353885\| Pass \| 250 \| \| 56\| 724822 \| 20200001524 \| SHAHRUKH MAZUMDER \| 8134853399\| Pass \| 430 \| \| 57\| 724554 \| 20210005716 \| SNEHA SINHA \| 7099973697\| Pass \| 750 \| \| 58\| 723952 \| 20190003921 \| SUBHAJIT SARKAR \| 6003272050\| Honours \| 680 \| \| 59\| 723484 \| 20200001421 \| SUMAN SUTRADHAR \| 6000835178\| Honours \| 430 \| \| 60\| 724360 \| 20210005415 \| SUNAYNA ROY CHOUDHURY \| 9864805523\| Pass \| 250 \| \| 61\| 722148 \| 20210005393 \| SUTTAPA NATH \| 6003455119\| Pass \| 250 \| \| 62\| 724808 \| 20200001540 \| SWARAJ PAUL \| 9101910760\| Pass \| 430 \| \| 63\| 723955 \| 20210005340 \| TAPOSH DAS \| 7086746090\| Honours \| 250 \| \| 64\| 722536 \| 20210005348 \| YAHIYA AHMED BARBHUIYA \| 9365029167\| Honours \| 500 \| \| Sl. No. \| Form Sr. No \| Registration No. \| Student Name \| Mobile No \| Category \| Fees \| \|--------\|-------------\|------------------\|----------------------------\|---------------\|----------\|------\| \| 1 \| 734422 \| 20210005160 \| ABISHEK PAUL \| 6001187585 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 2 \| 733537 \| 20210005220 \| AKASH NUNIA \| 9954774721 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 3 \| 734713 \| 20200001059 \| AMAN LOHAR \| 8761024971 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 4 \| 732911 \| 20210005116 \| AMON NATH \| 86002525570 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 5 \| 733589 \| 20200001156 \| ANKITA PAUL \| 9864428221 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 6 \| 734723 \| 20200000911 \| ANKITA PAUL \| 6002445766 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 7 \| 732295 \| 202100005246 \| APARAJEETA PAUL \| 6003211676 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 8 \| 733398 \| 20210005297 \| APARAJITA DAS \| 6003481486 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 9 \| 734541 \| 202100005079 \| ARPITA DAS \| 9127592569 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 10 \| 734678 \| 20200000894 \| ASIUS DIKHAR \| 6901665938 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 11 \| 732970 \| 20200001118 \| BAPPA DAS \| 8822559742 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 12 \| 734727 \| 20200001099 \| BARLIAN HALAM \| 6003074849 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 13 \| 734627 \| 20210005180 \| BEBANJAN BHATTACHARJEE \| 8135018273 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 14 \| 713567 \| 20200001159 \| BIKAS SINGHA \| 9365712609 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 15 \| 733547 \| 20200000872 \| BIPASHA PAUL \| 9126230806 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 16 \| 733437 \| 20190014455 \| BIPUL DAS \| 6000824511 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 17 \| 732865 \| 2210005193 \| BISHAL KUMAR \| 8011639142 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 18 \| 734635 \| 20200001002 \| BISWAJIT DAS \| 9678064444 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 19 \| 734685 \| 20210005294 \| BISWAJIT ROY \| 9101244517 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 20 \| 734722 \| 20200000960 \| BIVOBANANDA PAUL \| 6000736383 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 21 \| 734466 \| 20200001120 \| BROJARAJ BAISHNAB \| 8133979081 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 22 \| 734163 \| 20210005270 \| DEBODEEP DEB \| 6000902204 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 23 \| 733593 \| 20190003508 \| DEBOJIT ROY \| 7896858057 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 24 \| 732598 \| 20220004010 \| DEEP CHANDA \| 8822130025 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 25 \| 734669 \| 20200000967 \| DEEPAN ROY \| 936578625 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 26 \| 734167 \| 20210005255 \| DEVAPRIYA DAS GUPTA \| 6003815124 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 27 \| 734680 \| 20200000889 \| DHRUBOJYOTI NAG \| 8638387370 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 28 \| 734175 \| 20210005182 \| DIBYAJYOTI PURKAYASTHA \| 9101292995 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 29 \| 733630 \| 20190003575 \| DINABANDU CHAKRABORTY \| 9101085501 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 30 \| 713568 \| 20200001026 \| DIP DAS \| 7635834556 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| \| ID \| Registration Number \| Name \| Roll Number \| Result \| Marks \| \|---\|--------\|--------------------\|-----------------------\|-------------------\|---------\|-------\| \| 31\| 732776 \| 20210005106 \| DIPSHIKA ROY \| 7086505568 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 32\| 732119 \| 20210005330 \| GAJENDRA RABIDAS \| 6901022880 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 33\| 733582 \| 20200001035 \| HAFIZULLA LASKAR \| 6001021318 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 34\| 732877 \| 20200001043 \| HAPPY BEGUM SADIOL \| 9365932780 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 35\| 734244 \| 20200001022 \| HAPPY DAS \| 7099441330 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 36\| 734176 \| 20210005337 \| HRITUDEEP NATH MAZUMDAR \| 9577876285 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 37\| 733786 \| 20190003538 \| HUMAYUN KABIR CHOUDHURY \| 9365151934 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 38\| 732767 \| 20200001132 \| JAMES RAMHMINGTHANG HMAR \| 9365412025 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 39\| 734709 \| 20200001063 \| JAYANTA DAS \| 8638699377 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 40\| 733598 \| 20200000885 \| JOYANTA SAHA \| 9395110523 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 41\| 732787 \| 202190003475 \| JUMAN SINHA \| 9101088957 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 42\| 732912 \| 20200001016 \| JUSHI DAS \| 9365020182 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 43\| 733633 \| 202000000860 \| K BIBEKA SINGHA \| 9101457401 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 44\| 734726 \| 202100051235 \| K. NEILACHUI RONGMEI \| 9366019602 \| Pass \| 750 \| \| 45\| 734853 \| 20210005062 \| KRISHNO DAS \| 6003465354 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 46\| 734633 \| 2010005319 \| L DIPABATI DEVI \| 6003043034 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 47\| 733533 \| 20210005271 \| LAL RAM MAWJI \| 7005549518 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 48\| 732599 \| 20220003818 \| MD. NASIM AHMED LASKAR \| 8134098092 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 49\| 732730 \| 20210005252 \| MONABEENA DAS \| 6001785970 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 50\| 734696 \| 20210005228 \| MONIDEEP PURKAYASTHA \| 60003161046 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 51\| 733626 \| 20190003393 \| MONISH BANIK \| 6900937633 \| Honours \| 430 \| \| 52\| 734170 \| 20210005332 \| MONOJ NATH \| 9127491050 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 53\| 734525 \| 20210005277 \| NEHARIKA PAUL \| 9864654709 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 54\| 732957 \| 20210005189 \| NIPU DAS \| 6003961517 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 55\| 732096 \| 20190003451 \| NIRUPOM GOSWAMI \| 9101534656 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 56\| 733587 \| 20200001001 \| PAYAL BASAK \| 6001516928 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 57\| 732311 \| 20210020095 \| PRABHAKAR BARETHA \| 6000490757 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 58\| 734166 \| 20210005243 \| PREETISH ROY \| 6001342805 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 59\| 734629 \| 20210005095 \| PROTHOMESH BHOWMIK \| 9101445139 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 60\| 733791 \| 20210005299 \| PUJA DAS \| 6002656924 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 61\| 734622 \| 20210005121 \| RAHUL DAS \| 9435889049 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 62\| 734171 \| 20210005251 \| RAHUL GOALA \| 9101595215 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 63\| 734632 \| 20210005267 \| RAJDEEP DUTTA \| 9957833741 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 64\| 734527 \| 20190015190 \| RAJNANDAN CHAKRABORTY \| 8638063198 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| Roll No \| Student ID \| Registration Number \| Name \| Contact Number \| Result \| Marks \| \|---------\|--------------\|---------------------\|--------------------\|-----------------\|--------\|-------\| \| 65 \| 732303 \| 20200000888 \| RATISH MALAKAR \| 7578876218 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 66 \| 734702 \| 20200001054 \| REJAUL KARIM LASKAR\| 7002264435 \| Honours\| 680 \| \| 67 \| 734183 \| 20200000913 \| RESAB DAS \| 7099754979 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 68 \| 733510 \| 20200000929 \| RITHIKA ROY \| 7399195009 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 69 \| 732713 \| 20210005338 \| SAHARUK HUSSAIN LASKAR \| 9957891105 \| Honours\| 250 \| \| 70 \| 733534 \| 20210005227 \| SAHINI DEBNATH \| 6000427784 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 71 \| 734478 \| 20200000947 \| SAMRAT GUPTA \| 9101854054 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 72 \| 732614 \| 20220003971 \| SANJIBIT DAS \| 6001461039 \| Honours\| 250 \| \| 73 \| 734718 \| 20190003296 \| SARUP DAS \| 9954827403 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 74 \| 734716 \| 20200000861 \| SAUVIK PAUL \| 9707306820 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 75 \| 734537 \| 202200000877 \| SHAYANI DAS \| 7086885129 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 76 \| 733458 \| 20210005323 \| SHIBAM BANIK \| 7576816627 \| Honours\| 500 \| \| 77 \| 733787 \| 20210020827 \| SHUVAJYOTI CHAKRABORTY \| 9957082745 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 78 \| 734434 \| 20190003365 \| SIBAM GOALA \| 6002570896 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 79 \| 734658 \| 20210005304 \| SIRAZ UDDIN CHOUDHURY \| 6900373873 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 80 \| 734259 \| 20210005316 \| SIVANANDA SINGHA \| 690065999 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 81 \| 734165 \| 20210005204 \| SOURAB CHANDA \| 6001795205 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 82 \| 733529 \| 20200001066 \| SOYED AHMED CHOUDHURY \| 7896374571 \| Honours\| 430 \| \| 83 \| 732211 \| 20210005235 \| SUBHADRA PAUL \| 6002565326 \| Honours\| 250 \| \| 84 \| 733495 \| 20210005213 \| SUBHOJIT GOON \| 6002006945 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 85 \| 734663 \| 20200001007 \| SURAITA CHANDA \| 7002457784 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 86 \| 733785 \| 20190003457 \| SURAJ ROY \| 8638011802 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 87 \| 734240 \| 20210005301 \| SURAJ SUTRADHAR \| 6900906502 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 88 \| 534695 \| 20210005201 \| SURAJEET ROY \| 8435287217 \| Pass \| 250 \| \| 89 \| 734448 \| 20190003397 \| TAPAK PAUL \| 7636950018 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 90 \| 732950 \| 20210005258 \| TARIQUE ZAMIL MAZUMDER \| 7002205245 \| Pass \| 500 \| \| 91 \| 732907 \| 20210005317 \| TULI DEB \| 7896279995 \| Honours\| 250 \| \| 92 \| 734621 \| 20190003337 \| TULIKA PAUL \| 80999288000 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| 93 \| 734666 \| 20200000988 \| TUSHAR ACHARJEE \| 8876371823 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 94 \| 733521 \| 20210005273 \| TUSHAR GHOSE \| 6002822589 \| Honours\| 500 \| \| 95 \| 734169 \| 20190003303 \| UTTAM DAS \| 8638013698 \| Pass \| 430 \| \| Sl. No. \| Form Sr. No \| Registration No. \| Student Name \| Mobile No \| Category \| Fees \| \|--------\|-------------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|---------------\|----------\|------\| \| 1 \| 742506 \| 20220003649 \| ADHYATIKA SARKAR \| 9394388348 \| Honours \| 250 \| \| 2 \| 742469 \| 20200016014 \| AMLAN CHAKRABORTY \| 6001316404 \| Honours \| 930 \| \| 3 \| 744574 \| 20190003015 \| BINOY DEB \| 8638881403 \| Pass \| 930 \| \| 4 \| 544562 \| 20200000830 \| KARUNAMOY DUTTA \| 6002035731 \| Pass \| 680 \| \| 5 \| 744572 \| 20210005009 \| MONOJIT SEAL \| 9395694001 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 6 \| 344714 \| 20210004877 \| JANNAT MANJUR BARBHUIYA \| 7002316237 \| Honours \| 750 \| \| 7 \| 344711 \| 20210004993 \| KISHON GHOSH \| 9707843692 \| Honours \| 500 \| \| 8 \| 344708 \| 2020000834 \| RAJDEEP GHOSH \| 9864751849 \| Honours \| 680 \|	ee2112f4-14bd-44e7-aac5-eeed3f944637	CC-MAIN-2024-10	https://gurucharancollege.ac.in/notice/NOTICE%20RELATED%20TO%20EXAM%20CENTRE%20FEES.pdf	2024-02-24T13:26:35+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-10/subset=warc/part-00107-d9675c6d-5c8d-45bb-9c98-c56e42022a4d.c000.gz.parquet	286,781,617	19,466	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.997343	eng_Latn	0.997343	[ "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown" ]	true	docling	[ 595, 3914, 7232, 9137, 12456, 14446, 17979, 19693, 23173, 26164, 29837, 32408, 33073, 36784, 40113, 43508, 47027, 50486, 51509 ]
Documentation of statistics for Convicted Persons 2016 1 Introduction The purpose of the statistics is to analyze the number of persons who have been found guilty in violation of the penal code and the special laws (among these the Danish Road Traffic Act). The statistics on convicted persons was published for the first time for the year 1995. Since then it has been published for the years 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004 and hereafter annually. 2 Statistical presentation The statistics shed light on the number of persons who have been convicted for violation of the penal code, the road traffic act and other special legislation. In the published statistics the convicted persons are classified into sex, age, municipality, national origin, country of origin and type of offence and conviction. 2.1 Data description The statistics on convicted persons form part of the criminal statistics. The criminal statistics include statistics on criminal cases from reported crimes and victims to convictions and also arrests and imprisonments. The statistics on convicted persons are person-based statistics, which shed light on the number of persons convicted for violation of the penal code, the road traffic act and other special legislation. The convictions include imprisonments, fines and withdrawals of charges. The statistics do not contain information on all fines as fines for violation of the road traffic act less than DKK 2,500 and fines of less than DKK 1,000 for the violation of most of the other special laws are not registered in the Central Criminal Register, which is the data source of the statistics. The conviction concerns the main case as more than one case can be decided in the same conviction. The police chooses one of the cases (typically the most serious) as the main case in a complex of cases. One perpetrator can have one or several convictions during a year. In the published statistics the convicted persons are classified into sex, age, municipality, national origin, country of origin and type of offence and conviction. For the purpose of comparing the level of criminality among different groups of national origin a standardised index of criminality is calculated. In calculating the index adjustments of the different age and socio-economic composition in the groups are made. For each person a weight representing the exact period the person has been resident in Denmark during the year is calculated. Documentation of the variables in the statistics is available in TIMES. 2.2 Classification system Origin, municipalities and regions plus grouping of the types of decisions and of codes of the criminal offences. The criminal offences are divided into the penal code, the road traffic act and special law/legislation. The penal code is furthermore divided into four subgroups: Sexual offences, Crimes of violence, Offences against property and Other offences. The most special laws/legislation are referred to as single acts, while the rest are categorised as 'Other special laws/legislations'. The provisions of the Danish Criminal Code regarding sexual offences went through essential amendments taking effect from 1 July 2013. The amendments resulted in e.g. more categories of sexual offences than previously being placed under the provisions about rape (section 216). See more: Rape 2.3 Sector coverage Not relevant for these statistics. 2.4 Statistical concepts and definitions Type of sentence: Type of sentence describes the kind of conviction that has been made. It includes unsuspended and suspended imprisonment, fines, withdrawals of charges, prosecution dropped, preventive measures, acquittals etc. A main distinction is made between guilty and not-guilty types of sentences. Acquittals and prosecution dropped are considered as not-guilty types of sentences while all other types of sentences are considered as guilty types of sentences. In the statistics on convicted persons only guilty types of sentences are included. Type of offence: Type of offence describes the kind of law violation which the conviction concerns. The criminal offences are divided into the penal code, the road traffic act and special law/legislation. Violations of the penal code are grouped in sexual offences, crimes of violence, offences against property and other offences. The most special laws/legislation are referred to as single acts, while the rest are categorized as 'Other special laws/legislations'. Origin: Origin states whether a person is immigrant, descendant or of Danish origin. For immigrants and descendant it is also stated which country they origin from and whether it is a western or a non-western country. 2.5 Statistical unit The unit in the statistics on convicted persons is persons. One person can be represented several times in the statistics if the person has been convicted for more than one type of offence. E.g., if a person has been convicted for violation of the penal code but also for violation of the road traffic act the person will count both under the penal code and the road traffic act. Similarly, if a person has been convicted for more than one of the main groups of penal code offences, e.g. both crimes of violence and offences against property, the person will count both places. Finally, if a person has been convicted for more than one type of violence offences, the person will only count under the type of violence offence for which the most severe penalty has been sentenced. Similar circumstances applies to subgroups of sexual offences, offences against property, other penal code offences, road traffic act offences and special law offences. 2.6 Statistical population The population covered by the statistics is persons, who have been found guilty in one or several violations of the penal code, the road traffic act and/or the special laws during a calendar year. All convictions registered in the Central Criminal Register before data are delivered to Statistics Denmark, are covered by the statistics. The data are typically delivered about 1 February following the relevant calendar year. All convictions concerning violation of the penal code, the firearms act, act on hunting, euphoriants act and specific violations of the aliens act, act on customs duties and act on the prevention of cruelty to animals are included in the statistics. Decisions concerning other special laws than the above mentioned are also included in the statistics except for fines less than DKK 1,000. Similarly, fines less than DKK 2,500 for violation of the road traffic act are not included in the statistics. However, fines less than DKK 1,000/DKK 2,500 are included in the statistics provided the fine is a reduced fine and the normal amount is higher than the mentioned amounts. Only persons who are residents of Denmark 1 January and/or 31 December the year in question are covered by the statistics. That is, persons both immigrated and emigrated during the year, are not included. 2.7 Reference area Denmark, except the Faroe Islands and Greenland. 2.8 Time coverage The statistics covers the period from 1995 and onwards. 2.9 Base period Not relevant for these statistics. 2.10 Unit of measure Number. 2.11 Reference period 01-01-2016 - 31-12-2016 2.12 Frequency of dissemination Annual. 2.13 Legal acts and other agreements The Act on Statistics Denmark section 6. There is no EU Regulation related to the statistics on convictions. 2.14 Cost and burden There is no response burden as the statistics are based on registers. 2.15 Comment Convicted persons have a Subject page. 3 Statistical processing Data from Statistics Denmark's register of convictions are linked to data from Statistics Denmark's population register and Statistics Denmark's income register. Data are already validated. However, central variables go through a probability check in form of a comparison with data from the previous year. 3.1 Source data The statistics include all convictions which are registered in the Central Criminal Register. Data are stored in Statistics Denmarks's Register of Convictions and combined with information from Statistics Denmark's Population Register and Statistics Denmark's Income Register. 3.2 Frequency of data collection Annual. 3.3 Data collection Data used in the statistics are from administrative registers. 3.4 Data validation The statistics are based on data from other statistical registers in Statistics Denmark and therefore already validated. However, central variables go through a probability check in form of a comparison with data from the previous year. Efforts are made to provide explanations in case that big deflections in the distribution of key variables occur. For instance, changes in the legislation or in the administrative praxis may cause fluctuations in the distributions. 3.5 Data compilation Data from Statistics Denmark's register of convictions are linked to data from Statistics Denmark's population register and Statistics Denmark's income register. Only persons who are residents of Denmark 1 January and/or 31 December the year in question are selected to the statistics. Data on the main occupation for the year previous to the actual year are linked to these persons. Variables telling whether a person has been convicted or not, and if so, which types of crimes the person has committed, are calculated. 3.6 Adjustment No further corrections of data than mentioned in "Data validation" and "Data compilation" are done. 4 Relevance The statistics are used broadly by the authorities, enterprises, organisations, researchers, the press, in the public debate etc. Views and suggestions from key users are taken into consideration in the preparation of the statistics. 4.1 User Needs Users are ministries (especially the Ministry of Justice), the local police authorities, courts, different organisations, educational institutions, research or scientific institutions, the media, private firms and private individuals. 4.2 User Satisfaction The statistics on convicted persons are often used by the press and the tables on http://www.statbank.dk are used frequently. In connection with the preparation of the annual publications "Kriminalitet" (Criminality) and "Indvandrere i Danmark" (Immigrants in Denmark) consulting meetings with key users of the statistics are hold. Forwarded views and suggestions are taking into consideration in the planning of the statistics. 4.3 Data completeness rate Not relevant for these statistics. 5 Accuracy and reliability The data used in the statistics are drawn from the Central Criminal Register. The data are typically drawn about 1 February following the relevant calendar year. A number of convictions made during the calendar year have not been registered before the data are drawn. This implies that the total number of convictions presumably is under-estimated. 5.1 Overall accuracy The reliability of the statistics on convicted persons is considered to be good. The data on convictions come from a single administrative register and Statistics Denmark receives a single total extract including all the convicted criminal offences in Denmark. The statistics include all convictions registered in the central criminal register at the time the extract to Statistics Denmark is done, typically about 1 February following the relevant calendar year. A number of convictions made during the calendar year have not been registered before the time of extraction. This implies that the total number of convictions presumably is under-estimated. The exact size is not known but is regarded as limited and of the same extent each year. 5.2 Sampling error There is no sampling error as the statistics are compiled on the basis of registers. 5.3 Non-sampling error The statistics include all persons who have got one or several convictions which have been registered in the central criminal register at the time the extract to Statistics Denmark is done, typically about 1 February following the relevant calendar year. A number of convictions have been sentenced during the calendar year, yet, they are not necessarily registered before the time of extraction. That implies that the total number of convictions presumably is under-estimated. The exact size is not known but is regarded as limited and of the same extent each year. The statistics does not include all fines as fines below DKK 2,500 for violation of the road traffic act and fines below DKK 1,000 for violation of the main part of the other special laws are not registered in the central criminal register. 5.4 Quality management Statistics Denmark follows the recommendations on organisation and management of quality given in the Code of Practice for European Statistics (CoP) and the implementation guidelines given in the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (QAF). A Working Group on Quality and a central quality assurance function have been established to continuously carry through control of products and processes. 5.5 Quality assurance Statistics Denmark follows the principles in the Code of Practice for European Statistics (CoP) and uses the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (QAF) for the implementation of the principles. This involves continuous decentralized and central control of products and processes based on documentation following international standards. The central quality assurance function reports to the Working Group on Quality. Reports include suggestions for improvement that are assessed, decided and subsequently implemented. 5.6 Quality assessment The data on convictions come from a single administrative register and Statistics Denmark receives a single total extract including all the convicted criminal offences in Denmark. The statistics include all convictions registered in the central criminal register at the time the extract to Statistics Denmark is done, typically about 1 February following the relevant calendar year. A number of convictions have been sentenced during the calendar year, yet, they are not necessarily registered before the time of extraction. This implies that the total number of convictions presumably is underestimated. The exact size is not known but is regarded as limited and of the same extent each year. The statistics does not include all fines as fines below DKK 2,500 for violation of the road traffic act and fines below DKK 1,000 for violation of the main part of the other special laws are not registered in the central criminal register. Police activity such as speed controls or special efforts in the night life can in itself affect the number of convicted persons. Therefore, one need to take this into account when studying the development in the number of persons convicted (typically fines) for violation of the road traffic act and other special laws such as police regulation and euphoriants act. There is no sampling error as the statistics are compiled on the basis of registers. The statistics are only published as final figures and are not later revised. In order to obtain information about reliability of the data from the Population Register please consult the documentation of statistics "Immigrants and descendants". Likewise, in order to obtain information about the reliability of the data from the income register, please consult the documentation of statistics "Income statistics". 5.7 Data revision - policy Statistics Denmark revises published figures in accordance with the Revision Policy for Statistics Denmark. The common procedures and principles of the Revision Policy are for some statistics supplemented by a specific revision practice. 5.8 Data revision practice Only final figures are published and are not later revised. 6 Timeliness and punctuality The statistics are published approximately 11 months after the end of the reference year. The statistics are published without delay in relation to the scheduled time. 6.1 Timeliness and time lag - final results Only final figures are published and are not later revised. The statistics are published approximately 11 months after the end of the reference period. Time of publication the last 5 years has been: 2016: 10 months 27 days 2015: 10 months 25 days 2014: 10 months 26 days 2013: 10 months 26 days 2012: 10 months 22 days 6.2 Punctuality The statistics are published without delay in relation to the scheduled time. 7 Comparability Since 1995, the statistics has been prepared on the same date source. In general the statistics is therefore comparable during time. As a consequence of law amendments or wishes for more information on specific kind of offences the division of type of offences has been altered during the years. An overview of new and ceased type of offences can be found in this annex (in Danish only): Development in types of offences. Fines for violation of the road traffic act below DKK 2,500 are not included in the statistics as from 2012. In the period 2001-2011 the limit was DKK 1,500 and before 2001 DKK 1,000. 7.1 Comparability - geographical There is no international comparable statistics. 7.2 Comparability over time Police activity such as speed controls or special efforts in the night life can in itself affect the number of convicted persons. Therefore, one need to take this into account when studying the development in the number of persons convicted (typically fines) for violation of the road traffic act and other special laws such as police regulation and euphoriants act. An increase in the number of persons convicted in these areas does not necessarily reflect an increase in the number of persons committing this kind of crimes but can also reflect that a greater proportion is discovered and registered. Fines for violation of the road traffic act below DKK 2,500 are not included in the statistics as from 2012. In the period 2001-2011 the limit was DKK 1,500 and before 2001 DKK 1,000. The provisions of the Danish Criminal Code regarding sexual offences went through essential amendments taking effect from 1 July 2013. The amendments resulted in e.g. more categories of sexual offences than previously being placed under the provisions about rape (section 216). See more: Rape 7.3 Coherence - cross domain The statistics on convicted persons build on the same data source as the statistics on convictions. As regards convictions the unit is the criminal conviction while the unit is the person in convicted persons. Convictions include all convictions while convicted persons only include persons who have been found guilty. Furthermore, convicted persons only include persons who are residents of Denmark 1 January and/or 31 December the year in question. Convictions also include persons immigrated and emigrated during the same year as well as tourists and others without a Danish personal identification number. 7.4 Coherence - internal Data are internally consistent. 8 Accessibility and clarity In StatBank the statistics are published in the tables STRAFNA3, STRAFNA4, STRAFNA5, STRAFNA6, STRAFNA7, STRAFNA8, STRAFNA9, STRFNA10 og STRFNA11. Furthermore the statistics are published in the publication "Kriminalitet" (Criminality), the publication "Indvandrere i Danmark" (Immigrants in Denmark, as from 2005), in Statistical Yearbook. See more at the Subject page. Taylor made statistics can be produced on the basis of data from different registers, moreover through Statistics Denmark's Division of Research Service it is possible for researchers to be granted access to anonymised data. 8.1 Release calendar The publication date appears in the release calendar. The date is confirmed in the weeks before. 8.2 Release calendar access The Release Calender can be accessed on our English website: Release Calender. 8.3 User access Statistics are always published at 8:00 a.m. at the day announced in the release calendar. No one outside of Statistics Denmark can access the statistics before they are published. Theme publications etc. may be published at other times of the day. The National Statistician can decide that such publications may be released before their official publication time, e.g. to the media and other stakeholders. 8.4 News release There is no news release linked to this statistics. 8.5 Publications The statistics on convicted persons are published in: The publication "Kriminalitet" (Criminality), the publication "Indvandrere i Danmark" (Immigrants in Denmark, as from 2005) and Statistical Yearbook. 8.6 On-line database The statistics are published in the StatBank under the subject in the following tables: STRAFNA5: Persons guilty in crimes by country of origin, type of decision and time STRAFNA7: Persons guilty in crimes by region, type of offence and time STRAFNA8: Persons guilty in crimes by region, type of decision and time STRAFNA4: Persons guilty in crimes by type of offence, country of origin and time STRFNA10: Persons guilty in crimes by type of offence, ancestry and time STRFNA11: Persons guilty in crimes by type of decision, ancestry and time STRAFNA3: Persons guilty in crimes by sex, age, country of origin and time STRAFNA6: Persons guilty in crimes by region, sex, age, national origin and time STRAFNA9: Persons guilty in crimes by sex, age, ancestry and time 8.7 Micro-data access Data on convicted persons are kept as ready-made files containing basic information at individual level. Taylor made statistics can be prepared on the basis of the ready-made files. Through Statistics Denmark's Division of Research Service it is possible for researchers to be granted access to anonymised data, i.e., data for which all identification details such as ID numbers have been removed. 8.8 Other Final data are available to DST Consulting, The Division of Research Services and other users in Statistics Denmark. 8.9 Confidentiality - policy Data Confidentiality Policy in Statistics Denmark. 8.10 Confidentiality - data treatment The published statistics on convicted persons is distributed by no other characteristics than municipality, sex, age and origin. This ensures that convicted persons not can be related to individuals. 8.11 Documentation on methodology The method used in calculating the standardised criminality index is described in the paper Indirect standardisation (in Danish only) 8.12 Quality documentation Results from the quality evaluation of products and selected processes are available in detail for each statistics and in summary reports for the Working Group on Quality. 9 Contact The administrative placement of these statistics are in the division of Population and Education. The person responsible is Lisbeth Lavrsen, tel. +45 3917 3103, e-mail: [email protected] 9.1 Contact organisation Statistics Denmark 9.2 Contact organisation unit Population and Education, Social Statistics 9.3 Contact name Lisbeth Lavrsen 9.4 Contact person function Responsible for the statistics 9.5 Contact mail address Sejrøgade 11, 2100 Copenhagen 9.6 Contact email address [email protected] 9.7 Contact phone number +45 3917 3103 9.8 Contact fax number +45 39 17 39 99	<urn:uuid:ca656aa9-938c-4b6a-9647-651258679bcf>	CC-MAIN-2021-10	https://www.dst.dk/Site/Dst/SingleFiles/GetArchiveFile.aspx?fi=9075979542&fo=0&ext=kvaldel	2021-03-03T03:03:49+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-10/subset=warc/part-00093-dbb5a216-bcb2-4bff-b117-e812a7981d21.c000.gz.parquet	767,838,719	4,573	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.957747	eng_Latn	0.996287	[ "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 54, 3335, 5646, 7300, 8843, 10899, 13620, 16372, 18989, 20566, 22608, 23196 ]
\| Job Title – Job Code: \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Department: \| Member Services & External Affairs \| FLSA Code: \| \| Location: \| Tampa \| Position Type: \| Core Competencies: Adaptable, Collaborative, Conscientious, Critical-Thinking, Outcome-Driven, and Professional Job Description Position Summary Description The Manager of Load Forecasting & Member Analytics oversees a high-performing team concentrated in data analysis. This position requires personal involvement and supervision of staff in the development and monitoring of long-term and short-term load forecasts by distribution Member and for Seminole in aggregate. This position also requires personal involvement and supervision of staff involved in economic and demographic research, load research, and Member surveys. This team works cross-departmentally to support critical business needs including budgeting, business planning, and energy efficiency. Qualifications and Education Requirements Bachelor's degree required. A graduate degree or course work in in science, technology, economics and/or mathematics is desirable. This position requires eight (8) years of related experience, six (6) of which should be in load forecasting. In addition, work experience in the areas of electric utility regulation, rate design, and development is desirable. This position requires two (2) years of supervisory experience. Technical Competencies/Skills: - Data analysis - Econometrics and statistics - SAS programming - Proficiency with Microsoft Office applications Soft Competencies/Skills: - Effective verbal/nonverbal, listening and written communications - Effective supervision, performance management and talent development - Commitment to excellence and leadership - Credibility and sound judgment - Exceptional attention to detail - Creativity, innovation, and drive for continuous improvement - Multi-tasking, organization, and planning - Excellent research ability and resourcefulness Essential Functions - Consumer-centric focus for Seminole's Members - Personally performs and supervises staff in long-term and short-term load forecast data requirements, data collection, data processing, exploratory data analysis, modeling and algorithms, data product, and communication of results. - Regular contact and presentations with Seminole and Member staff, executives, and Seminole's Board of Trustees. - Provides a safe and productive work environment for team members congruent with Seminole's desired culture and in full support of Seminole's purpose, core values, core competencies and organizational goals. - Maintains contact with universities, regulators, and third parties. - Reviews colleagues' work and provide feedback. - Ability to defend and explain difficult and complex issues with respect to key decisions and positions. - Participates as a witness on behalf of Seminole in Florida Public Service Commission (FPSC) need determination hearings. - Actively listens, asks questions, and follows up in order to effectively address business needs. - Directs development and issuance of Residential Appliance Saturation Surveys. - Works effectively under pressure. - Participates in conferences, forums, and training courses for relationship-building and networking. 1 - Develops department's annual budget and staffing plan. - Manages third-party contracts. - Ensures work plan coordination and procedures are compliant with Rural Utilities Service (RUS), FPSC, and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) standards, guidelines, and regulations. - Performs other duties as applicable to the position or as assigned. Physical Requirements Must be able to follow established protective measures including, wearing required personal protective equipment (PPE). Must possess a valid driver's license and acceptable Motor Vehicle Report. Working Conditions Some travel and work outside of normal business hours. While working in certain areas of the plant there is the potential for exposure to hazards typical of an industrial working environment. "Disclaimer - Management may modify this job description at any time and may require the performance of additional duties, or modification of physical requirements, with or without advance notice." 2	<urn:uuid:4bc37513-68e1-4ce8-bf95-f5b9a97c8e7e>	CC-MAIN-2021-49	https://stat.fsu.edu/sites/g/files/upcbnu1811/files/Seminole%20Electric%20Mgr%20of%20Load%20Forecasting-Member%20Analytics%208-2021.pdf	2021-12-08T04:11:32+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-49/subset=warc/part-00176-eb7089cf-762b-4a3e-8cab-20b677c0d246.c000.gz.parquet	590,622,566	809	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.983209	eng_Latn	0.981894	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3257, 4260 ]
President: Amanda Gallagher (2020) Vice President: Bia Kerr (2022) Treasurer: Liam OCearuil (2022) Secretary: Haley Mallett (2020) Parliamentarian: Josh Rizzo (2020) Publicist: Cobbina Appiah (2021) Advisor: Rose McCarthy, Hanna Christ Members present: Amanda Gallagher (2020) Bia Kerr (2022) Liam OCearuil (2022) Haley Mallett (2020) Josh Rizzo (2020) Cobbina Appiah (2021) Adrian Cintron (2022) Alexandra Gioia (2023) Alex Thelusma (2020) Cailey MacEachern (2023) Dan Hansen (2020) Erika Torkildsen (2021) Freddy Monroy (2023) Geena Levine (2021) Haley Taing (2021) Helen Vasquez (2023) John-Paul Haley-Read (2020) Kaylee Pliszka (2022) Kiley Martel (2023) Leena Ali (2021) Luke Groder (2022) Maria Kamenias (2021) Morgan Proko (2020) Raquel Perez (2020) Sam Mathews (2022) Tayleigh Tierney Honan (2021) Tiana Lawrence (2020) Tiffany Vo (2022) Tim Hare (2020) Non-Voting Members: Members absent: Abigail Hooper (2021) Caterina Polito (2020) Jenna Stanish (2022) Julia Matter (2021) William Ellis (2023) Students in attendance: Evan Bowie, Matthew Cavoli, Nicholas Barber Staff in attendance: Mike Kennedy I. ROLL CALL: A. SGA President Amanda Gallagher '20 called the SGA meeting to order at 4:30 p.m. B. SGA Secretary Haley Mallett '20 took attendance. Quorum was met. II. APPROVAL OF MINUTES FROM: September 17th, 2019 A. The minutes were approved. III. PRESIDENT'S REPORT: Amanda Gallagher '20 A. Welcome New Senators B. Student Organization Presenters: DREAM 1. DREAM is a nationwide organization that stands for Disability Rights Education Activism and Mentorship. 2. DREAM advocates for student rights and inclusivity on campuses, and invites all individuals, including allies, to join. 3. Its goal is to make Merrimack a more accommodating and inclusive campus. 4. DREAM wants SGA recognition because it wants to spread awareness of the organization across campus. 5. Future plans and events for DREAM include: a) A mentorship program designed to pair new and current students together to establish support systems. b) Disability education trainings to address topics such as accommodation and inclusivity. c) Attending FYE classes to speak about disabilities and services on campus through the Office of Accessibility Services. d) All Abilities Awareness Week to raise awareness for disabilities and advocate for disability rights. 6. DREAM was approved by majority vote. C. Statements of Intent 1. Matthew Cavoli and Nicholas Barber gave statements of intent for the Class of 2023. a) Cavoli and Barber were approved by majority vote. D. Registered Events in O'Brien 1. Recently, the lightbulbs in the O'Brien Hall elevator were stolen. 2. It is the responsibility of students to say something if they see something. 3. Mallett '20 said O'Brien resident assistants (RAs) are stationed in the lobby until 2 a.m. on weekend nights. 4. Class of 2020 Senator Tim Hare asked if there are cameras. a) Rose McCarthy said no, there are no cameras in the elevator. E. Technology in SGA 1. Next week, senators are invited to use technology to record notes during the meeting. 2. The following week, SGA will discuss whether senators should be allowed to electronically take notes during meetings. F. Pizza with the President Polling 1. Pizza with the President will be held on Tuesday, October 22nd. 2. SGA will poll students in the Sakowich Center from Thursday, October 3rd to Friday, October 11th. 3. Senators will ask students for feedback, both for their specific committee and more generally SGA, while polling. 4. There will be a Google Form to submit each students' feedback. IV. VICE PRESIDENT'S REPORT: Bia Kerr '22 A. Blood Drive 1. There are open donation slots tomorrow, October 2nd. 2. Senators should encourage students to book an appointment or walk-in to donate blood. B. Student Organization Update 1. There are two student organizations interested in receiving SGA recognition: MC 3D Printing and the Nursing Club. a) These two student organizations are planning to meet with the committee soon. 2. The Sexual Health Alliance Club is also potentially meeting the committee soon. 3. The meeting time for the committee is changing. If senators are interested in serving on it, they should contact SGA Vice President Bia Kerr '22. SECRETARY'S REPORT: Haley Mallett '20 C. Blood Drive Tabling 1. Tabling pre-Blood Drive and the first day of the drive have been extremely successful. D. Polling 1. Mallett '20 will be sending out polling shift sign-ups by tomorrow, October 2nd. 2. In addition to polling, senators will also hand out SGA cups and magnets as an incentive to students who provide feedback. a) The SGA cups provide a 70 cent discount on iced coffee. b) Class of 2020 Senator Dan Hansen asked where the discount is honored on campus. (1) The SGA discount is honored in the Warrior's Den, Library Cafe, and the Sanctuary. V. TREASURER'S REPORT: Liam OCearuil '22 A. Finance Update 1. IEEE requested a supplemental budget of $60 for pizza at their meeting. a) The budget request was approved. 2. Class of 2020 Senator Tiana Lawrence said Step Club is having trouble purchasing their costumes with their budget. a) SGA Treasurer Liam OCearuil '22 said SGA typically funds 50% of apparel, but SGA works with organizations on a case-by-case basis. STUDENT GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION AGENDA October 1st, 2019 The students of Merrimack College, in hopes of protecting and ensuring the rights of all students and the Merrimack College community hereby establish The Student Government Association of Merrimack College, referred to as the SGA. b) OCearuil '22 added if the club needs more funding, they can contact SGA. VI. PARLIAMENTARIAN'S REPORT: Josh Rizzo '20 A. Committee Updates 1. In the coming week, SGA Parliamentarian Josh Rizzo '20 plans to check-in with all committees and their respective chairs. 2. If chairs have any issues on their committees, they can always check-in with Rizzo '20. 3. Chairs are expected to regularly submit weekly updates by 10 p.m. on Sundays. B. Dishes with the Dean 1. Rizzo '20 and SGA Graduate Advisor Hanna Christ attend Dishes with the Dean every other Friday to collect student feedback to bring to SGA committees. 2. Highlights from Dishes with the Dean on Friday, September 20th include: a) The Interdisciplinary Institute is concerned about the lack of health science courses. b) The U-Cook Station in Sparky's is being underutilized. (1) Students believe the decline in students using U-Cook is due to an employee named Jose, who helped students cook at the station last year, being moved to another station in Sparky's. (2) If it continues to underperform, U-Cook may be replaced with another station that offers healthy options. (3) The concerns about U-Cook have been brought to the Dining Committee's attention. c) Students are concerned about the MPR being used by local high school students at night. (1) Class of 2020 Senator JP Haley-Read said building managers can be contacted to inform students they are not allowed to use the MPR. (2) Lawrence '20 asked how these students are being identified as local high school students. (a) Students at Dishes with the Dean said the students often say they do not attend Merrimack, but instead a local high school. VII. PUBLICIST'S REPORT: Cobbina Appiah '21 A. SGA Website 1. Widgets to SGA's social media have been added to the website. 2. The SGA minutes will be added to the website weekly. VIII. ADVISOR'S REPORT: Rose McCarthy A. Resident Student Parking During Homecoming 1. The Parking Office will release more information about parking during Homecoming in the next few days. 2. Students who park in Lot K are expected to move their cars to Andover Landing at Brickstone between Thursday, October 3rd at 3 p.m. and Friday, October 4th at 12 p.m. A shuttle will be running constantly to transport students between the lot and a) campus. b) A schedule for the shuttle and map will be available to students. c) If students move their cars between 5 and 10 p.m. on Thursday, October 3rd, they will be incentivized with a "We Are One" shirt and Homecoming hat. STUDENT GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION AGENDA October 1st, 2019 The students of Merrimack College, in hopes of protecting and ensuring the rights of all students and the Merrimack College community hereby establish The Student Government Association of Merrimack College, referred to as the SGA. There will be buses transporting students back to campus from Andover Landing during this time. d) RAs will also be discussing the process of moving cars with their residents. 3. The Parking Office will accomodate the needs of medical parking in Lot J. 4. Class of 2020 Senator Morgan Proko asked when students can move their cars back to campus. a) Cars can be moved back to campus on Sunday, October 6th. b) The shuttle will run between 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. B. Tailgating for Homecoming 1. Tailgating behind Duane Stadium is sold out, and almost sold out in Lot K. 2. If students are tailgating in Lot K, they will need to move their cars out of the lot by Friday, October 4th at 12 p.m., and the location will be communicated to those students. IX. CHAIR REPORTS: A. Academic Affairs Committee: Tayleigh Tierney-Honan '21 1. The committee is interested in hosting another Desserts with the Deans. a) There are three new deans, and the committee believes it is important they are able to attend to meet students. b) The committee would like the event to be held during the second half of an SGA meeting so all senators are required to attend. 2. Students have given positive feedback on using Apple Pencils, as well as the acceptance of technology more generally being used, this year in the classroom. a) Hare '20 stated it is important that professors allow technology to be used in the classroom, especially because of the Mobile Merrimack initiative. b) Lawrence '20 said it is helpful for some students to take notes on their devices. c) Class of 2023 Senator Alexandra Gioia added that technology is especially important for students with accommodations. B. Campus Infrastructure Committee: Josh Rizzo '20 presented for Julia Matter '21 1. A walkway outside of Hamel Health is being looked into. 2. The empty hand sanitizer dispensers outside of Sparkys are being addressed. 3. The Main Street clock is being fixed by an outside party. 4. The committee is waiting to hear from the Bursar's Office on the status of the ZipCars. 5. The mats on the walls of the MPR are going to be replaced with new mats. 6. The Nursing Building is on track to finish on time. C. Career Affairs Ad-Hoc Committee: Liam OCearuil '22 1. The O'Brien Center for Career Success specializes in: a) Career development advising, Handshake, student resources, events including the Professional Development Retreat (PDR), employer relations, Get Hired Up, the Internship Institute (formerly Warriors at Work), and Outcome Path. 2. The Career Fair held last Thursday, September 26th was extremely successful. a) 280 students attended, which was more than double last year's attendance. 3. On Thursday, October 3rd, the Liberal Arts Career Night will be held from 7 to 9 p.m. in the Roger's Center. 4. On Tuesday, October 8th, Ask an Employer for engineering majors will be held from 2:30 to 4:30 p.m. in Mendel Hall. 5. The Warriors at Work program is now known as the Internship Institute. a) It is open to all majors and guarantees an internship. 6. Senators should encourage seniors to apply to the PDR. a) A PDR for juniors will be held in the spring semester. 7. OCearuil '22 encouraged senators to ask students for career related feedback during polling. 8. Gioia '23 said the Handshake app will not allow first-year students to make an appointment with their career advisors. a) First-year students have to meet with the O'Brien Center through FYE first, but if they need access beforehand, can reach out to their career advisor. 9. Proko '20 asked if a more diverse range of companies can be invited to career fairs. a) The committee will address this in its next meeting. D. Dining Committee: Tim Hare '20 1. Sparky's a) Dining anticipates that Sparky's will be less congested now that September is over. b) Late Night will be held from Sunday to Tuesday between 8:30 and 10:30 p.m. c) Pancakes will be available at U-Cook for breakfast. d) Dining wants feedback about the U-Cook station. e) Rizzo '20 moved to open a discussion about U-Cook. (1) It was seconded. (2) Class of 2022 Senator Tiffany Vo said there is not much variety available at the U-Cook station. (a) Hansen '20 agreed and said that there are only so many dishes that can be made with the ingredients available. (b) Class of 2021 Senator Tayleigh Tierney-Honan added that students can bring food from other stations in Sparky's as well. (3) OCearuil '22 said it is not worth the time to use rather than eat a pre-prepared meal. (4) Gioia '23 said some students are unaware of where it is or how to use it. (5) Hansen '20 suggested that Sodexo move Jose back to the station, and he lead students in cooking lessons for specific meals. (6) Rizzo '20 moved to close the discussion. (a) It was seconded. f) The omelet station is busy in the morning, so omelets may not always look perfect because they have to move quickly. (1) Dining is looking to change the cheese from sliced to shredded so it melts faster. (2) Hansen '20 suggested the omelet station be moved to the Mongolian Grill because it has a larger grill. g) SGA Vice President Bia Kerr said students are requesting more dietary restriction friendly options. (1) The committee will address this in its next meeting. (2) Class of 2020 Senator Alex Thelusma said MyZone has allergy friendly options. (a) Hare '20 added that if students need swipe access to MyZone, they can reach out to the school's nutritionist. (3) Hansen '20 said Simple Servings has been serving very large portions. (a) The committee will address this in its next meeting. h) Rizzo '20 moved to open a discussion on dining suggestions. (1) It was seconded. STUDENT GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION AGENDA October 1st, 2019 The students of Merrimack College, in hopes of protecting and ensuring the rights of all students and the Merrimack College community hereby establish The Student Government Association of Merrimack College, referred to as the SGA. (2) Class of 2022 Senator Tiffany Vo '22 said the sneeze guard at the salad bar prevents students from reaching ingredients. (a) Hansen '20 said students have the same problem at the deli bar. (b) The committee will discuss adding longer tongs at its next meeting. (c) Evan Bowie suggested changing the sneeze guards to lower horizontal coverings so students can see through them and more easily reach ingredients. (3) Rizzo '20 moved to close the discussion. (a) It was seconded. 2. The Warrior's Den a) Communication between the front register and kitchen is expected to improve. b) The iPad software can not record the stock in the kitchen, but employees will be more careful to advertise what is out of stock. (1) If students are told an item out of stock, they will be accomodated. c) Dining is considering installing a hot plate for grab-and-go items in the Den. (1) Their only concern is students stealing food off the plate. (2) If students see others stealing, they should say something or tell an employee. (3) If an individual steals from the Den, MCPD will be called. d) There have been allegations made against Fairlife Milk, but there is not a plan to remove it from the school. 3. The Sanctuary a) There will be a stand up warmer added to the Sanctuary so hot food can be served in addition to refrigerated items. 4. Food Truck a) The location of the food truck may be changed depending on the popularity of the menu being served. b) If the food truck is seen leaking, it is only water from the freezer. E. Diversity Affairs Committee: Tiana Lawrence '20 1. The committee wants to support the Vagina Monologues. a) The show typically takes place during the spring semester in February. b) The committee will discuss the show during its upcoming meetings. 2. Hair Show a) The committee discussed having Dr. Debra Michals, the Director of the Women's and Gender Studies Department, to speak at the show to introduce its social justice component and address the issues of diversity and inclusion. b) The committee wants student volunteers to participate in the show as models, as well as to do hair and makeup. c) The committee is also considering t-shirts for the show. 3. Working with DREAM a) The committee wants to work with DREAM, which was just approved by SGA, to promote and encourage more involvement and advocacy for students with disabilities on campus. 4. Lawrence '20 recently participated in a panel led by Professor Simona Sharoni for FYE students to address the issues of diversity through storytelling on campus. a) The committee wants to explore ways this panel can be implemented on a larger scale across campus. F. Environmental Affairs Committee: Morgan Proko '20 1. The blue tank outside of Sakowich Center is now being used to convert food waste, including grease, into energy. a) It only has to be emptied every 5 to 6 weeks. 2. Smaller recycling bins are being added around campus. 3. More recycling bins have been added to Sullivan Hall and O'Brien Hall. 4. A new trash and recycling added has been added between Ash Centre and Deegan West 5. The committee plans to survey locations of water refill stations across campus to see where more can be added. 6. The committee wants to encourage the use of reusable k-cups or coffee grounds over single-use k-cups across campus. a) The committee also wants to compost the coffee grounds. G. Information Technology Committee: John-Paul Haley-Read '20 1. Over the summer, every WiFi access point in the dorms were replaced to provide better internet access. 2. Xfinity is replacing Comcast as the college's service provider next year. 3. The access point density will be increased over Thanksgiving or Christmas break to increase WiFi connectivity in dorms. a) Last year, the density was increased in Ash and Monican Centre, and was proven to be beneficial to WiFi access. 4. The data center in the library is being updated to accommodate increased traffic from the growing student body. 5. Microtowers from Verizon will be added to the top of the Roger's Center as well as Monican Centre to help students with Verizon as their service provider. 6. The committee wants to hold more programs with Residence Life and IT this year. 7. If students have WiFi issues, they should try to provide as much specific information as possible. 8. Haley-Read '20 moved to open a discussion about WiFi on campus. a) It was seconded. b) Thelusma '20 said the St. Thomas Apartments are having issues with WiFi connectivity. (1) The committee will follow-up on what could be causing these issues. c) Hare '20 asked if there is a way to improve wireless printing across campus, specifically in the library. (1) The committee will address this in its next meeting. d) Mallett '20 said residents in O'Brien Hall are having WiFi issues, so a program would be beneficial, especially because it was successful last year. e) Ali '21 asked if the Verizon towers will provide better service to buildings technically off-campus. (1) The committee will follow-up with an answer. H. Residence Life Committee: Erika Torkildsen '21 1. Exit signs may be replaced in the residence halls. 2. If residents have outstanding facilities issues, they should reach out to Residence Life. a) Royal Crest residents can contact Dave Golden. 3. In lieu of an Area Coordinator, O'Brien Hall and Apartment residents can reach out to Matt Somerville, and Royal Crest residents to Dave Golden. 4. The lightbulbs in the O'Brien elevator were recently stolen, so there will be an increased presence in the residence hall. a) Class of 2022 Senator Sam Mathews recommended putting a sign up in the elevator. b) Hansen '20 asked if a security camera could be installed in the elevator. (1) Rose McCarthy said this has been brought up in the past, but could be revisited if it is a persistent problem. 5. Trash rooms have been replaced with external dumpsters outside of residence halls. 6. If North Residential Village residents have questions about the Nursing Building construction, they can contact Residence Life. 7. If a room is interested in having a peep hole, they should contact Dave Golden, who can contact facilities. 8. Students should be mindful of who they hold doors open for in the residence halls. 9. RA selection process is in the process of happening. 10. Rizzo '20 moved to open a discussion. a) Thelusma '20 suggested having a meeting for O'Brien Hall residents similar to the meeting held for the apartments. b) Mathews '22 said she thinks its excessive to have a camera installed in the elevator at first, and signs should be hung up instead. c) Kerr '22 said students still might steal the light bulbs with a camera installed. d) Kerr '22 added that SGA can poll students on how they feel about the possibility of a camera. (1) Gallagher '20 agreed and said senators should ask these specific questions during polling so SGA knows how to address the issue. e) Mallett '20 said since different residents are living in O'Brien Hall and it is not a persistent issue yet, it should not be viewed as a continuation of last year's issue. f) Rose McCarthy said the college is looking into installing a different type of ceiling in the elevator. X. UNFINISHED BUSINESS : XI. NEW BUSINESS: A. Ali '21 asked if Columbus Day can be changed to Indigenous Peoples' Day on the academic calendar. XII. ANNOUNCEMENTS: A. Committee Feedback 1. If senators have feedback for a specific committee, they should email its respective chair. B. Pizza with the President 10/22 C. Office Hours in the Den 1. Gallagher '20 holds office hours in the Den on Mondays at 9:30 a.m. and Fridays at 12:30 p.m. XIII. ROLL CALL: A. Mallett '20 took attendance. XIV. ADJOURNMENT: A. Gallagher '20 adjourned the meeting until October 8th, 2019. Mission Statement The SGA seeks to be the voice for the Merrimack College Community through engagement and representation. The SGA will serve as an advocate for students, faculty, and staff. The SGA will inform the community of policy changes and promote campus events. The SGA will provide committees to be delegates for aspects of campus life. The SGA will create a platform for student leaders to engage and be a role model for the campus. The SGA will foster the values of the Institution and reflect them through the SGA's actions. Our Values as an SGA are as follows: Communication, Accountability, Inclusion, and Advocacy.	<urn:uuid:a88f321c-d789-4655-8892-440534b92d19>	CC-MAIN-2021-39	https://www.merrimack.edu/live/files/3590-10-01-19-sga-minutes	2021-09-27T13:35:52+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-39/subset=warc/part-00045-f465d820-0362-4c4c-a396-c69f5fd24cc4.c000.gz.parquet	862,307,586	5,344	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.979394	eng_Latn	0.998245	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2620, 5343, 8180, 11632, 14136, 17087, 20014, 22493, 22881 ]
Financial Modernization and Risk Analysis Study Committee PO BOX 201706 Helena, MT 59620-1706 (406) 444-3064 FAX (406) 444-3036 67th Montana Legislature SENATE MEMBERS JANET ELLIS—Vice Chair DAN SALOMON PUBLIC MEMBERS MARK HAGGERTY MIKE HOPE DWAINE IVERSON HEATHER O'LOUGHLIN HOUSE MEMBERS LLEW JONES--Chair MARY CAFERRO BILL MERCER SHARON STEWART PEREGOY Agenda November 29 – 30, 2021 November 29, 2021 Room 137, State Capitol Building COMMITTEE STAFF AMY CARLSON, Legislative Fiscal Analyst JULIE JOHNSON, Attorney CAITLIN CASHMAN, Clerk November 30, 2021 8:30 a.m. National Conference of State Legislatures' presentation: K-12 Education	<urn:uuid:bb4d6370-e61d-44c2-97a7-86f1a5d07e63>	CC-MAIN-2021-49	https://leg.mt.gov/content/publications/fiscal/2023-Interim/November-2021/MARA-agenda.pdf	2021-12-06T08:04:06+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-49/subset=warc/part-00062-eb7089cf-762b-4a3e-8cab-20b677c0d246.c000.gz.parquet	430,246,491	219	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.508664	dag_Latn	0.227632	[ "dag_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 554, 656 ]
How to Check and Correct Your Credit Record When it comes to debt counselling, anyone can hang out a shingle. Consumers should be leery of companies that promise to clear up negative information on an individual's credit record – a service for which they may charge hundreds of dollars. Consumers can check their credit record on their own at no cost. Consumers can get a copy of their credit record from Canada's two main agencies with a written request and copies of two pieces of identification. This is a free service, but it cannot be done by phone. EQUIFAX CANADA Call: 1-800-465-7166 or for other inquiries 1-877-227-8800 OR Send a mail request to: Equifax Canada P.O. Box 190 Jean-Talon Station Montreal, Quebec H1S 2Z2 OR Fax: 1-514-355-8502 OR visitwww.equifax.com to download credit history request. TRANS UNION OF CANADA INC. Call: 1-800-663-9980 or 1-905-525-0262 if you are denied credit OR Send a mail request to: Trans Union of Canada Inc. Consumer Relations P.O. Box 338, LCD1 Hamilton, Ontario L8L 7W2 OR Fax: 1-905-527-0401 OR visitwww.tuc.ca to download credit history request When mailing credit record requests include: - Copy of two pieces of identification with signature visible - Date of birth - Social Insurance Number - Address and any former addresses in the last 5 years - Phone number during daytime Also remember to sign your request.	<urn:uuid:1da45bf9-0eae-45c2-a90f-bf07d08961f6>	CC-MAIN-2022-27	https://www.carizon.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/credit_record-2015.pdf	2022-07-01T13:35:15+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-27/subset=warc/part-00040-48f675b2-7fd4-43af-adb3-2a4ea7f82193.c000.gz.parquet	735,598,339	358	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.978638	eng_Latn	0.978638	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1392 ]
Canadian Coast Guard Garde côtière canadienne WEB SLING STANDARD Ship Safety Branch Direction de la Sécurité des Navires CANADIAN COAST GUARD WEB SLING STANDARD TP12245E INTERPRETATION Actual Load Allowed to be Lifted: Is the resultant load derived by applying the hook mode and other mode factors to the SWL marked on the sling so that the prescribed Safety Factor is always maintained. The "basic configuration": of a sling for test purposes means configuration in its basic form as shown in the diagram below:- Endless sling Eye sling Hook Mode Factor: The mode factor applied to the rated S.W.L. (based on Standard Pin Test) of a sling which is to be used on a curved hook profile that is not more severe than the Standard Hook profile. Hook Mode Factor = Standard Hook Test Standard Pin Test Minimum Specified Tensile Strength: The minimum tensile strength for which the sewn webbing component has been designed. This has to be established by the "Standard Pin" test or "Manner of Use" test as required for the purpose of use. Mode Factor: The factor that takes into account the geometry of the lift assembly, the multiplicity of parts, the appropriate lifting angles and any other stress effects such as choking. Multi-Use Sling: A sling that is manufactured and approved for continuous general service use. One-Way Sling: A sling that is manufactured and approved for one series of handling operations. Pin: A pin is considered to have a straight profile and a load bearing surface which is fully and uniformly radiused over the width of the section of the pin. Radius of Curvature: The minimum radius of curvature of the inner surface of the load bearing portion of the hook in profile in way of the sling. Representative Sling: a sling representative of a production run or a batch of slings of the same type. For prototype testing and where reasonable a representative sling may be of different length than the production sling. Safe Working Load (S.W.L.): means the lifting capacity in basic configuration or manner of use based on the results of the required tests that the sling can be marked for at the time of its manufacture in compliance with the required Safety Factor. In field use all mode factors applicable shall be applied to this rated Safe Working Load to obtain the actual load allowed to be lifted to ensure that the required Safety Factor shall always be maintained during a lift. Safety Factor: the number of times that the load carried by a sling can be increased, before failure occurs. Bar Thickness or Section Thickness (T): the maximum thickness of the load bearing surface when viewed in cross section. (In a straight pin the cross section thickness is the diameter). Standard Pin: means a pin of 1½" diameter, circular in cross section in way of the sling bearing surface. Standard Hook: means a hook of 1½" bar width, fully radiused cross section, and radius of curvature equal to half the width of the sling for which the hook factor is being evaluated. Types of Inspections Working Check: Visual check just prior to use by the person using the sling. After inspection the slings may be placed directly on the load. Dock check: Careful visual inspection by a competent person as required by owner/operator done at the terminal, prior to the time of use by persons working under direction. Depot Check: Thorough visual inspection as required by owner/operator done by competent person. (Note: The words “depot check”, mean checked at the stevedore’s locker, or sling maker’s shop or at a place run by a person versed in that type of work, in Canada or abroad. A record shall be kept of the check. Ultimate Tensile Strength (U.T.S.): the maximum force attained by the sewn webbing component when loaded in tension in the prescribed manner for load testing. 1. General 1.0 Multi-use slings are to be manufactured tested, marked and otherwise comply with International Standard ISO 4878; one way slings shall similarly comply with BS1 Standard BS 3481 Part 3. Additional Canadian modifications/requirements are as contained herein and are to be complied with. The owner shall ensure that slings and lifting gear meet the requirements of the Tackle Regulations. 1.1 A batch shall comprise of a maximum of 500 slings. 1.2 At the manufacturing level minimum specified tensile strength of slings shall be determined based on a sufficiently large number of tests to reliably establish the least breaking strength of the sling, which would ensure satisfactory results when representative tests are taken during the production run and for certification purposes. 1.3 A safe working load initially established for a sling before use at the manufacturing level shall prevail throughout the life of that sling. Slings are not to be derated. 2. Certification 2.0 A certificate, which identifies and reflects a batch of slings, shall be issued by the manufacturer, or an independent responsible organization for each batch of new slings. All relevant information required in this section shall be under one certificate. 2.1 Slings shall be provided with test certificates which contain the information shown on the example Canadian certificates shown in Appendices 1 or 2. The certificate shall give all relevant descriptions of the tests and shall always be available to the user. Tests shall be carried out by a responsible and competent person and the owner shall ensure this. Further information on the certificate shall be as per ISO.4878, with statement of conformity to Canadian requirements. (See Section 4.10) 3. Marking 3.0 Slings shall be properly and durably marked with relevant information which shall be sufficient to identify them to their test certificate and the manufacturers. Each batch with up to 500 slings shall be separately shown on the test certificate together with the break test for the representative slings. Each batch of slings shall have a different mark. All the units in a batch of up to 500 slings, shall have the same mark. 3.1 In addition to the marking on the slings required by the ISO Standard, the batch number shall be included. 4. Testing 4.0 To establish the breaking strength applicable to a class of slings at the time of manufacture, at least three representative slings are taken and tested to destruction one after the other, and the value of the lowest break is taken as the representative breaking strength for all of the slings of that manufacture, material and design. 4.1 For multi-use slings, production check tests of at least 1 per 500 slings manufactured, and more where required, shall be carried out to confirm that the required Safety Factor on the rated safe working load for that group is being met. 4.2 Except as provided in Section 4.3 & 4.9(f) all slings shall be tested before use and marked with the rated safe working load using a Safety Factor of not less than 6:1 for repeat use slings, based on the Standard Pin Test. This would allow the sling to be used on straight hooks that are fully radiused on the load bearing area and not more severe than the Standard Pin. 4.3 A Standard pin and/or Standard Hook Test is not required when the manner of use test has been carried out. (See Section 4.9(f)). 4.4 A sling test for establishing the S.W.L. shall be carried out in the straight basic configuration of the sling or manner of use. The breaking load so obtained when divided by the safety factor would yield the rated safe working load. In field use all mode factors such as those related to the sling bridle angle, or hook effect shall be applied to this rated safe working load to obtain the actual load allowed to be lifted to ensure that the required safety factor will be maintained during a lift. 4.5 A "Standard Pin Test" is made with the sling in a basic straight line or eye to eye configuration with at least one end on a 1½" diameter straight pin type anchor. The other end shall be on a larger pin. The 1½" diameter straight pin shall be fully radiused in the load bearing area and shall be referred to as "Standard Pin". 4.6 As an alternative to Manner of Use Test, a Hook Mode Factor may be established so as to permit the use of slings on a curved hook under prescribed conditions. (See Section 4.7) 4.7 A "Standard Hook Test" is made on a hook of 1.5 inches bar thickness, fully radiused in cross section and having a radius of curvature of half the sling width, at least 3 representative slings shall be consecutively tested to destruction and the least value found shall be used in conjunction with the standard pin test value for the same slings, to establish a ratio which will be referred to as the hook mode factor. The hook test described above would be referred to as the Standard Hook Test. The hook shall be referred to as the standard hook and denoted by "R½W 1.5"T". R = Hooks radius of curvature at the sling bearing area W = Width of the sling T = Bar thickness of the cross section in the sling bearing area 4.8 For slings up to 4 inches in width the user may determine the maximum load allowed to be lifted on a curved hook that is not more severe than 1½" bar diameter, and radius of curvature not less than half the width of the sling, by applying the hook mode factor to the safe working load determined by the standard pin test. Where necessary other mode factors shall be applied in addition to the hook mode factor to accommodate bridle angle, choke effect or basket effect etc. to determine the actual load allowed to be lifted so that the appropriate safety factor shall always be maintained during the lift. 4.9 A Manner Of Use test shall be carried out under the following conditions:- (a) Slings of over 4 inches in width. (b) Slings of unusual construction. (c) Unusual sling-hook combination. (d) When hook profile is more severe than the standard pin or standard hook. (e) Slings of questionable quality or suitability. (f) When standard pin test and/or standard hook test have not been carried out. (g) Any other relevant condition. 4.10 For a Manner Of Use test, slings shall be tested to destruction on a hook profile identical to the hook in actual use. This shall be based on the least breaking strength of at least 3 consecutive tests of representative slings. Details including hooks radius of curvature, the bar thickness of the sling bearing surface and the description of the sling bearing surface shall be specified on the hook/sling test certificate. The test description shall also include stress raisers eg. corner effect, bridle effect etc. where required. Slings tested as such shall only be used on hook profiles not more severe than the test hook. 4.11 Mode factors shall be applied where required to the Manner Of Use test to obtain the actual load allowed to be lifted so that the appropriate Safety Factor shall always be maintained. 5. Inspection and Re-Testing Once a sling has been manufactured according to the aforementioned requirements and put into service, its longevity is determined by a large number of factors. Some of these include type of service, material of manufacture, exposure to materials and the elements, etc. Application of the provisions of this standard should be guided by the history of the slings in operational use with recognition of the factors involved. 5.0 Inspection of Slings Before Re-Use This concerns the large scale use of slings in cargo operations. Types of Slings: 1) Disposable one way slings 2) Light slings (single ply webbing) 3) standard slings (multiple ply webbing) Types of Inspection: This may consist of a working check a dock check or a depot check as outlined in the interpretation. Where during the normal course of such checks a sufficient number of slings in a group being inspected is found to warrant a more enhanced type check this should be carried out, for the whole group being inspected, as follows: Degree of Inspection Required on Re-Use Disposable Slings - no inspection and no reuse Light Slings - dock check or where found necessary a depot check. Standard Slings - working check or where found necessary a dock check or depot check. During the course of such checks or inspections, all slings found not to meet the requirements of the Wear Standards shall be culled. Re-Testing 5.1 (a) Used slings are to be retested to destruction every four years to confirm their residual strength is within the Wear Standard limits and a certificate shall be issued accordingly, clearly identifying the slings tested and indicating that this is a re-test certificate. All other relevant information is to be indicated as per section 2, and 4.10 as applicable. (b) The number of slings re-tested to destruction shall be governed by the actual existing Safety Factor (S.F.) as follows:- (c) Used slings to be re-tested shall be the worst of the representative slings. S.F. 6 & above: 1 sling per year of same manufacturer, type and material 5 to 6: 3 slings per year of same manufacturer, type and material less than 5: 3 slings per 500 of same manufacturer, type and material 5.2 (a) When the safety factor of slings has fallen to the allowed safety for last voyage use, they are to be sprayed with a contrasting colour to the sling background colour to clearly identify the "last voyage" status. A Certificate shall be issued indicating the following: (a) Title of certificate: "culling certificate". (b) Name of the Company culling, address, phone & fax number. (c) Name of the owner. (d) Number of slings culled. (e) Identifying marks of the sling culled. (f) Statement that the slings have been effectively culled. (g) Spray "colour" that indicates last voyage status (h) The date that the slings are to be removed from service at the end of voyage, depending on voyage length. [See Section 5.2(b)]. (i) The date the slings are delivered to the vessel. (j) Any other relevant information. (b) The maximum time these slings can remain in service from the date of culling to the end of voyage shall not exceed 90 days. 5.3 When slings are tested and found to have reached the lower acceptable safety factor as contained in the Wear Standard, the whole batch of these slings is to be removed from service. If during testing, the breaking of an individual sling indicates the lower acceptable safety factor has been reached, three representative slings from the batch shall be taken and tested to destruction one after the other. The value of the lowest break is taken as the representative breaking strength for all the slings of that batch. 6. Operational Use 6.0 If slings cannot be identified from the certificate issued or otherwise found to be deficient, they must be removed from service. It is the responsibility of the owner of the slings to verify that slings being utilized have an accompanying certificate giving all relevant information as per Sections 2, 4.10, and 5 as applicable. 6.1 Mode factors - i.e. sling configuration, type of hook etc. - to be considered when determining the actual load allowed to be lifted and this load shall not be exceeded in order that the required safety factor is always maintained. 6.2 When slings have reached the parameters contained in the Wear Standards they are to be removed from service. 6.3 Other than when used in conjunction with a lifting frame or bar, only two slings are to be used on each lift. 6.4 Dragging of load bearing slings should be avoided at all times. 6.5 Where practicable, all efforts shall be made to protect slings from the exposure to sun and chemicals, water and any other adverse conditions. 6.6 Sling bins shall always be lifted by appropriate lifting gear only. 6.7 During the deck loading, slings used on the outside wall units to be secured and appropriate precautions taken to ensure slings cannot foul the crane(s). 6.8 Only compatible hooks as prescribed in this Standard shall be used with web slings. 6.9 Sling angles are to be kept to the least possible at all times. Care is to be exercised to ensure that slings used at an angle from the vertical will not slip along the load. Appropriate allowance to be made for the stress due to the sling angle. 6.10 Certified slings may be required to be tested if safety concerns arise. Slings that do not meet the requirements of this standard shall be removed from service. (See Section 5) 6.11 Hooks used for web-sling operations shall:- (a) Have an identifying mark relating to the hooks proof test certificate. Hook certificate shall always be available to the user. The hook certificate shall give all relevant descriptions of the hook test and shall include breaking stress of the prototype, safety factor applied, bar thickness and the radius of curvature. (b) Be fully radiused in cross section in the web bearing area. (c) i. The lifting surface of the hook shall be a straight bar form and have a diameter of at least 1½". ii. In lieu of subsection (c)i., slings may be used on hooks of forms other than of a straight bar form provided that they have been specifically matched by manner of use test or are used in accordance with the hook mode factor established for the sling. 6.12 In general, the use of a sling in conjunction with a hook shall be governed by the hooks radius of curvature and bar thickness. These provisions will ensure the prescribed safety factor of a sling is maintained at all stages of a lift. 6.13 Lap joints of cloverleaf slings shall be located at the bottom of the sling clear of the lifting loops and the lifting loops are the be equal in length to within two (2) percent. 7. Repair 7.0 Web slings shall not be structurally altered or repaired at this time. Note: This standard has been drafted based on current experience and methods and the requirements of International Standards whereby structural alteration or repair of web slings is not permitted. This does not preclude the possibility of amending the standard in the future so as to allow structural alterations or repairs should methods evolve that would ensure that slings would retain an acceptable degree of safety after such alterations or repair. Any such alterations or repairs must be at least to the same standards as ordinary used slings in accordance with the Wear Standards. WEAR STANDARD (Extracted from CCG "Wear Standards for Cargo Gear") 13.1 With respect to general deterioration, and where doubt exists as to the remaining strength of webbing or rope slings, then one or more sample slings representing the quality of the slings in question shall be tested to destruction. Obviously, poor slings should be culled out. 13.2 Where the safety factor is found to be: .1 4.5 or better; slings to remain in service without qualification. .2 4.0 to 4.5; slings to be retired after current cargo operation is completed. .3 less than 4; slings to be removed from service. With respect to damage occurring on slings and provided that the above safety factors are maintained, the limits of acceptable wear are as follows: .1 Edge Damage - Maximum penetration of any actual cutting, not to exceed an amount equal to the thickness of the webbing. .2 Abrasion - This may be extensive in areas covering the whole width of the webbing and may be of sufficient depth to sever the surface cordage, particularly in multiple webbing. In any case, the penetration of the abrasion is not to exceed an approximate 15% of the thickness of the webbing, taken as a proportion of all plys. The abrasion, where it approaches the above limit should occur on one side of the webbing only, or proportionate wear on both sides. (a) Warp thread damage up to 50% of sling thickness but not extending to within 1/4 width of the edge, and damaged area not exceeding 1/4 width of the sling, or proportionately warp thread damage to full depth, but not extending to within 1/4 width of the edge, and damaged area not exceeding 1/8 width of the sling. .3 Local Damage (b) Weft thread damage allowing warp thread separation up to 1/4 width of sling - and extending in length not more than twice the sling width. .4 Reasonable combinations of the above types of damage of approximate equal total effect are acceptable. .5 Areas of damage reasonably separated should be considered independently. APPENDIX 1 CERTIFICATE OF TEST APPENDIX 2 CERTIFICATE OF TEST Chains, rings, shackles and other loose gear (whether accessory to a machine or not) shall be tested with a proof load equal to that shown against the article in the following table: After being tested, all the gear shall be examined, the sheaves and the pins of the pulley blocks being removed for the purpose, to see whether any part has been injured or permanently deformed by the test. "Competent person" for the purpose of making these tests and examinations means, (a) a Steamship Inspector, an inspector of Ships' tackle or a surveyor employed by one of the following classification societies, namely, Lloyd's Register of Shipping, the Bureau Veritas, the American Bureau of Shipping or the Det Norske Veritas or the supervisor of any testing laboratory of the Government of Canada or of any Province, or any other person, company, firm or association approved by the Board of Steamship Inspection: or (b) a responsible person having the necessary and appropriate technical qualifications who is employed by a company or firm engaged in the manufacture or repair of the gear concerned. Les chaînes, anneaux, crochets et autres engins détachés (faisant partie ou non des accessoires d'un appareil) seront soumis à la charge d'épreuve indiquée au tableau suivant: Après exécution des essais, vérifier tous les engins, les réas et axes des poulies étant démontés, afin de s'assurer qu'aucune pièce n'a subi d'avarie ni de déformation permanente au cours de l'épreuve. Par «personne compétente» on entend, aux fins de ces essais et vérifications. a) un inspecteur de navires à vapeur, un inspecteur d'outillage de chargement ou un visiteur au service de l'une des sociétés de classification suivantes: le Lloyd's Register of Shipping, le Bureau Veritas, l'American Bureau of Shipping ou le Det Norske Veritas ou le surveillant d'un laboratoire d'essais du gouvernement du Canada ou d'une province, ou toute autre personne, compagnie, firme ou association approuvée par le Bureau d'inspection des navires à vapeur, b) une personne responsable possèdent les qualités techniques nécessaires et appropriées qui est au service d'une compagnie ou d'une firme qui construite ou répare les engins en question.	<urn:uuid:ebf23928-af62-4027-8264-4088a876ffa0>	CC-MAIN-2017-22	http://universalrope.com/pdf/web-sling-standards.pdf	2017-05-22T17:14:23Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463605485.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170522171016-20170522191016-00548.warc.gz	370,834,695	4,884	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.866929	eng_Latn	0.990274	[ "fra_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "fra_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 124, 1329, 3183, 3828, 5585, 8085, 9923, 11552, 13089, 14561, 16348, 18251, 19926, 20252, 20285, 20318, 21415, 22531 ]
Request for Proposals: Minnesota Program Partner Purpose The Bush Foundation is seeking a Minnesota program partner to operate two grant programs that support Minnesota communities. This partner will design and operate two programs: 1) a grantmaking program that is consistent with the spirit and intent of our Community Innovation program; and 2) the Bush Prize: Minnesota. About Us The Bush Foundation works to inspire and support creative problem solving — within and across sectors — to make our region better for everyone. To do this, we invest in great ideas and the people who power them in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and the 23 Native nations that share the same geography. Learn more at bushfoundation.org. Program Partner Approach We are a region made up of many different geographic and cultural communities. We prioritize funding for efforts that are shaped and driven by people from the communities impacted by the work, and that are truly inclusive and collaborative. One way we do that is to work with four program partners to lead programs in our region. They are Headwaters Foundation for Justice (Minnesota); Strengthen ND (North Dakota); South Dakota Community Foundation (South Dakota); and Good Relatives Collaborative (Native nations). The four program partners work independently yet alongside each other with guidance and support from Bush Foundation staff, as well as opportunities to share and learn together. We are currently seeking a new Minnesota-focused program partner to begin operations in 2024. This partner will design and operate two programs: 1) a grantmaking program that is consistent with the spirit and approach of our Community Innovation program; and 2) the Bush Prize: Minnesota. Our current Minnesota partner, Headwaters Foundation for Justice, is operating programs through the end of 2023. We are grateful for the long partnership we have had with Headwaters and appreciate their commitment to making sure the programs transition well. Programs to be Led by Minnesota Grant Program Partner We now are seeking a new Minnesota program partner to begin operations in 2024. This program partner will design and operate two programs: 1. A grantmaking program that is consistent with the spirit and intent of our Community Innovation program, distributing at least $1.2 million in grants to organizations each year. 2. The Bush Prize: Minnesota. The program partner will source applicants, operate the process and select and celebrate the winners. For both programs, we expect the program partner to work closely with the communities they serve, with all decisions guided by community advisors. For the Bush Prize program, the Foundation will have a role in the review or selection process. Scope of Work The Minnesota program partner will operate two programs. While the criteria and process may be unique, there are some requirements to ensure alignment with the Bush Foundation and across program partners. We would expect our Minnesota program partner to begin both programs in 2024. Program 1: Grant program The program partner will be expected to enter into an agreement with the Bush Foundation that spells out the actual program design and implementation plan to ensure alignment. The program partner will design a grant program including the name of the program, criteria, eligibility, application, selection process, grant size and number of grant rounds per year (or have an alwaysopen application). Program requirements: 1. Advance the Bush Foundation's purpose and support organizations in Minnesota to: 1) develop, test and spread great ideas to make the region better; and 2) inspire, equip and connect people to lead change effectively. 2. Conduct regular outreach to communities across Minnesota to understand needs and opportunities for impact and to build awareness of the program. 3. Develop applicant processes that are simple, supportive and equitable. 4. Make grant decisions with input from a diverse set of community stakeholders. The communities intended to benefit from the programs will have input in the grant selection process. 5. Collaborate with the three other program partners to ensure that communities are not overlooked across the three states and 23 Native nations. 6. Announce and promote the program in close coordination with the program partners and Bush Foundation communications staff. 7. Lead the program evaluation. Funding for evaluation will be included in the administrative funds from the Bush Foundation. Evaluation goals and reporting will be aligned in the planning phase. 8. Engage with Bush Foundation staff through regular updates and periodic meetings to keep the Foundation informed of progress, ensure alignment with the intent of the grant and receive support as needed from Foundation staff. 9. We require all program partners to share their plans with us and to receive approval before implementing. We also understand that a program partner might not pay out the entire $1.2 million in the first 12 months, but we do expect that in the following years, all grant funds will be expended. Program 2: Bush Prize: Minnesota The program partner will design the approach for sourcing and selecting a Bush Prize: Minnesota winner. They also will create a selection criteria and application process. The winning organization(s) must be a 501(c) public charity or unit of government. Program requirements: 1. The program will: a. Advance the Bush Foundation's purpose to inspire and support creative problem solving — within and across sectors — to make our region better for everyone. b. Honor and invest in organizations that are admired and valued in their communities. c. Award the winning organization(s) a general operating grant in the amount of 25% of the organization's expenses, up to $500,000. 2. Conduct outreach to communities across Minnesota, ensuring enough engagement to source strong applicants and elevate awareness of the Bush Prize opportunity. 3. Develop applicant processes that are simple, supportive, and equitable. 4. Make grant decisions with input from a diverse set of community stakeholders. The communities intended to benefit from the programs will have input in the grant selection process. The Bush Foundation will have a role in the review or selection process. 5. Collaborate with the three other program partners to ensure that communities are not overlooked across the three states and 23 Native nations. 6. Announce and promote the program in close coordination with the program partners and Bush Foundation communications staff. Bush Prize winners are announced at the same time by all four program partners, even if the application timelines differ. 7. Lead the grant program evaluation. Funding for evaluation will be included in the administrative funds from the Bush Foundation. Evaluation goals and reporting will be aligned in the planning phase. The Bush Prize is co-branded with each program partner. For Minnesota, it is co-branded as "Bush Prize: Minnesota, in partnership with <your organization> and the Bush Foundation." Budget and Grant Term We anticipate that the grant term will be four years, with progress and alignment review after year one. The partner will receive $1.6M in grant funding annually. Up to 25% ($400,000) may be used for administrative expenses (including but not limited to sourcing, outreach, application and selection processes, communications and evaluation) related to the two programs. The remaining funds ($1.2M) must be used for grants for Program 1 (name TBD). The Bush Foundation will issue separate payments to cover the amounts of the Bush Prize grants. We expect that 5% or so of the administrative expenses will be used for evaluation so that we can share learning and deepen connections together. Specifics of the evaluation plan, including evaluation purpose, goals and reporting requirements will be worked out as part of the planning phase. Eligibility * Applicants must be a 501(c)(3) public charity. * Applicants must serve and be located in Minnesota. * Applicants may use an existing or new donor-advised fund to assist with absorbing and managing grant funds. The details of this arrangement would be discussed at the finalist stage. * Collaboratives of organizations are welcome, though a lead applicant must be named. Selection Criteria We will use the following criteria to assess to what degree the organization(s) fits the Foundation's needs and values: Relevant experience * Experience in the creation, design and execution of at least one grantmaking program. * Experience with community selection processes. * Experience effectively engaging and building trusted relationships with people from different backgrounds. * Experience with grant seekers in Minnesota. Grant seekers include 501(c)(3) public charities of all sizes, fiscally sponsored organizations and government entities. * Commitment to equity in how they operate and how they work with the community. Initial thinking about the programs * Degree to which your vision and early thinking on plans align with the intent of the two programs and the overall purpose of the Bush Foundation. * Reasonableness of the preliminary plan for the first 12 months, January 2024 through December 2024. (This applies only to those selected as finalists.) * Alignment of the program with the Bush Foundation's values. Submission Requirements If you are interested in this work, we strongly encourage you to schedule a call with our staff (contact information is at the end of this document) to better understand the opportunity and answer any questions you may have. Please respond to this RFP by preparing and submitting a proposal that addresses the following questions, not to exceed eight pages. (See how to apply below.) Relevant experience Note: If applying as a collaborative of organizations, please modify your responses below and include experiences of collaborating together. * How does grantmaking fit with the overall mission of your organization? * Describe your current grantmaking. Please include: 1) the number of programs; 2) the number of applications reviewed annually; 3) the number of grants made annually; 4) the high/low/average grant amount; 5) total dollars granted annually; and 6) the general selection process. * Provide information about a grant program(s) you have created. Include how the program was created and when it operated. * Tell us how antiracism and equity work is integrated in your operations. Please include a description of how you ensure racial and economic diversity in who applies for and who receives your grants. Initial thinking about the programs * How will you ensure that outreach and the grantee selection process is inclusive of historically underrepresented and underfunded communities and organizations? o What existing networks do you have throughout Minnesota and how would you use them and/or further build on them to ensure the program is known and accessible throughout the state? How will you reach underrepresented communities in the geography you are proposing to serve? o What would be your approach to a community-based grant selection process be? How will you conduct community-based selection for the grantmaking? * Share some thoughts on how you might connect and collaborate with the other program partners to ensure that our entire region is being served. Share any previous experiences with collaborations, if applicable. * If applying as a collaborative of organizations, please share how design and operational decisions would be made. * Describe the key staff members who will be responsible for the creation and/or operation of the two programs. References Please provide contact information for three references including their name, title, organization name, email and phone number. They should include people who can speak to your connections to Minnesota communities and/or your experience with grantmaking in those communities. If you are selected to move forward in the process, we may contact your references and/or people in our network that are familiar with your work. How to Apply * Proposals should be no more than eight pages. * Your proposal must be submitted through our web portal. * Proposals are due Thursday October 5, 2023, at noon Central. Before applying, please reach out with any questions. Contact Eileen Briggs, grantmaking director, at [email protected], or call 651-379-2253. We also offer online scheduling to set up time to talk with us. Selection and Timing * October: Bush Foundation staff reviews proposals. * Late-October to mid-November: Staff calls with finalists to learn more about proposals, conduct reference calls and complete financial review and additional due diligence. * Late-October: Staff selects finalists. All applicants are notified whether they are finalists or not. o Finalists will be expected to provide an estimated annual budget for the two programs. They will also provide a general timeline of the key activities for the first 12 months, January 2024 through December 2024, for both programs. This timeline should include thoughts on staffing, amount of time dedicated to program development and outreach, and when you would make your first grants. o If applying as a collaborative of organizations and selected as a finalist, please be prepared to share more about how your collaborative will operate together, share power and make decisions for this grantmaking opportunity. * Early December: Minnesota program partner is selected. All finalists are notified whether they are selected or not. * December 2023: Grant agreement signed. * January 2024: Planning for Program 1 begins and initial payment to the partner is made. Thank you in advance for your response and your interest in working with the Bush Foundation.	<urn:uuid:554298ef-ebe9-4993-8bab-5a6eb027b1ba>	CC-MAIN-2024-18	https://www.bushfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2023_RFP_MN-grant-partner_final.pdf	2024-04-25T11:40:48+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-18/subset=warc/part-00270-29538f81-5664-4df2-acb6-7d8ba3d2a1aa.c000.gz.parquet	609,817,919	2,624	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.99743	eng_Latn	0.997621	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2757, 6073, 9015, 11732, 13884 ]
The Abbots Mitre is a superb traditional village pub serving locally sourced food, a range of local ales and with roaring open fires in the winter months. A circular pub walk of just over 3 miles, from the Abbots Mitre in the pretty village of Chilbolton in Hampshire. The walking route takes in this picturesque area of the Test Valley, with the villages of Chilbolton and Cottonworth living up to their charming names. As well as exploring the village streets, you will have chance to enjoy two nature reserves, West Down and Chilbolton Cow Common, all in the setting of the Test Valley with plenty of wildlife to discover. Getting there The village of Chilbolton is located about 4 miles south east of Andover, and is easily accessed from the A303. The walk starts and finishes from the Abbots Mitre pub on Village Street at the centre of the village. The pub has its own car park. Approximate post code SO20 6BA. Walk Sections 1. Start to Footpath Crossroads Leave the pub car park and turn left along the village road (taking care of any traffic), passing the thatched old post office and then Horseshoe Cottage, both on the right. Follow the village road between a number of pretty cottages. Some distance further (at a right-hand bend), turn left. Access Notes 1. The walk is relatively flat with just a few gentle slopes to contend with. The paths across the commons are unmade and can get quite muddy after rain and in winter, so good boots are recommended. 2. There are a couple of sections of walking along the village lanes (about three quarters of a mile in total) which do not have pavements so take care of traffic for these stretches. 3. You will need to negotiate several kissing gates and two stiles on route (both stiles have large gaps in the fencing alongside suitable for most dogs to pass through). 4. Conservation grazing is undertaken at West Down by ponies and at Chilbolton Cow Common by cattle (in the summer months) so take care with dogs. into Drove Lane, signed for Chilbolton Observatory and Village Hall. Follow this residential lane heading steadily uphill. Continue until you pass the last house on the right. At this point, follow the main road as it bends to the right to become Little Drove Road. The lane leads you between tall hedgerows. Glance through the gaps in the left-hand hedge and you will be able to see Chilbolton Observatory, the 25 metre white antenna dish being the most obvious landmark. The observatory is a facility for atmospheric and radio research, built partially on the site of RAF Chilbolton which was decommissioned in 1946. The site is at the edge of Salisbury Plain, meaning it has excellent visibility of the horizon, ideal for the research equipment. During the war RAF Chilbolton was used primarily as a troop carrier airfield for parachutists. Part of the allied invasion force of glider-borne paratroopers took off on D-Day from Chilbolton Airfield. Keep straight ahead, ignoring any roads off to the right. Eventually you will come to the private gateway for Test Valley Farm ahead, with footpaths signed each side. Take the left-hand footpath which runs to the left-hand side of the farm driveway. The path swings first right and then left to pass a fenced paddock on the right. Stay on this narrow fenced path until you reach an obvious crossroads of footpaths, within a small copse of deciduous trees. Turn right here and soon the path swings left. Immediately after this bend, turn right through the gap in the wooden fence to reach the edge of the nature reserve, West Down. Take the grass path which runs diagonally left (at about 10 o’clock). Follow this path as it bears right and soon you will come to a crossroads of paths, with a tree-trunk bench on the right. Turn left here and cross over the quiet access lane. Take the path which continues directly opposite. The path soon forks; take the right-hand branch which leads you through the trees and then to a more open section of downland. West Down is an elevated area of chalk downland grassland, mixed secondary woodland and scrub, and is of conservation, historical, and industrial archaeological importance. The most important habitat is the downland, which forms these slopes that run down to the River Test. The impoverished chalk soils support high numbers of butterflies and small flowering plants. At a staggered crossroads, turn left and then right to maintain your direction (heading for the magnificent views across the Test Valley ahead). Pass through the kissing gate (note: there may be ponies grazing this section of the down) and follow the path ahead, leading you downhill. Make your way to the bottom left-hand corner where a kissing gate leads you out to the road. Cross over the road with care and take the narrow footpath opposite (signed for the Test Way). Follow this path alongside the curved brick wall on the right and you will emerge to a signed T-junction with a permissive path, a disused railway. Turn right here, signed for Andover. Follow the path over a stream and through the trees to the left you will be able to make out the course of the River Test. Soon, the River Test swings right and passes under the disused railway path. Take a moment here to enjoy the views should you wish; you may be lucky enough to spot birds within the reed beds alongside the river. Keep ahead along the permissive bridleway which leads you past a vehicle barrier. Soon afterwards, look to the left and you will be able to make out the remains of the sidings/platform from the old railway. This rail line was known as The Sprat and Winkle Line and was opened in 1865, connecting Andover and Romsey. There are at least three theories of how the line got its name. Winkles may have once been found in the mud flats of the River Test; a Sprat and Winkle could have been the name of a type of railway coupling; or the line was used for transporting illicit goods and to deter the inspection guards the goods were buried in sprats and winkles! The path leads you under a height restriction barrier to become a residential access lane. At the end of the tall hedge on the left, take a moment to glance back over the property gates. You will be able to see the roof of the old Fullerton Station, now converted to a private residence. Keep ahead along the lane and you will emerge out to a T-junction with the main road. Turn right along the grass verge (taking care of the traffic) and after a short distance turn right again into the side road signed for Wherwell, the village road which leads you through Cottonworth village. Follow the village road (taking care of any traffic as there is no pavement) for some distance. Tucked away next to the river in Cottonworth there is an old roman villa which archaeologists seem to think was an old water mill, powered by the river. There are also signs of farming and perhaps vineyards in certain areas. Today Cottonworth is again home to a vineyard, producing Cottonworth Sparkling Wine. Continue over the old railway bridge (another remnant of a branch of the old Sprat and Winkle Line) to leave the village of Cottonworth behind and enter the village of Wherwell. Continue past Freeland’s Cottages on the right and, further along, the pretty cottage of Westmill (also on the right). Immediately after this, turn right onto the signed bridleway which leads you onto a boardwalk over the River Test. Take some more time here to enjoy this glorious setting over the River Test. The shallow chalk river flows for 40 miles down towards Southampton and is renowned for its excellent trout fishing. The valuable fly fishing rights are highly prized by landowners meaning that access to the banks of the river is very restricted, so this vantage point is a rare treat. The shingle beaches and islands provide havens for wildlife; look out for herons, trout, kingfishers and cormorants. At the end of the boardwalk pass through the kissing gate to enter Chilbolton Cow Common (note: there may be conservation cattle grazing here in the summer months). Dogs are welcome on the common as long as they are kept under strict control. The 48 acre common dates back to 1284 and is managed by the parish council. It is one of the richest floral sites within the Test Valley with 265 plants having been identified including the yellow flag iris and the southern marsh orchid. Recently owl nesting boxes have been installed and barn owls and tawny owls are common sights at dusk. Stay on the main stone path, part of the Test Way, which winds ahead across the common. The path leads you over a footbridge across another branch of the river, the perfect place for a little paddle (although please respect the signs and stay out of the river during the bird nesting season). Continue on the path and, just before you reach a single small wooden post, swing left to reach a crossroads with the access drive for the thatched white cottage on the left. Cross over the drive and continue on the grass path opposite. The path leads you under small sets of power lines and over a small concrete bridge to reach a stile. Cross this stile and keep ahead. Soon you will join a narrow path between the gardens of village properties. At the end of the path, cross the stile and you will see the Abbots Mitre directly opposite for some well-earned hospitality. Disclaimer This walking route was walked and checked at the time of writing. We have taken care to make sure all our walks are safe for walkers of a reasonable level of experience and fitness. However, like all outdoor activities, walking carries a degree of risk and we accept no responsibility for any injury, damage to personal effects, personal accident, illness or public liability whilst following this walk. We cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies that result from changes to the routes that occur over time. Please let us know of any changes to the routes so that we can correct the information. Walking Safety For your safety and comfort we recommend that you take the following with you on your walk: bottled water, snacks, a waterproof jacket, waterproof/sturdy boots, a woolly hat and fleece (in winter and cold weather), a fully-charged mobile phone, a whistle, a compass and an Ordnance Survey map of the area. Check the weather forecast before you leave, carry appropriate clothing and do not set out in fog or mist as these conditions can seriously affect your ability to navigate the route. Take particular care on cliff/mountain paths where steep drops can present a particular hazard. Some routes include sections along roads – take care to avoid any traffic at these points. Around farmland take care with children and dogs, particularly around machinery and livestock. If you are walking on the coast make sure you check the tide times before you set out. Remember...the best way of following our walking guides is to use the iFootpath App (iOS and Android) where you will have all the information in the palm of your hand and see your exact location on the live map as you travel.	24bf1868-9bff-4ad7-b2df-55b1976e1d66	CC-MAIN-2024-18	https://abbotsmitre.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Abbots-Mitre.pdf	2024-04-24T10:19:39+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-18/subset=warc/part-00036-29538f81-5664-4df2-acb6-7d8ba3d2a1aa.c000.gz.parquet	61,328,875	2,337	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998035	eng_Latn	0.99922	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 1981, 7002, 10851, 11078 ]
A SHORT GUIDE TO IMPACT MANAGEMENT & MEASUREMENT Investisseurs & Partenaires Case Study SET OBJECTIVES ANALYSE STAKEHOLDERS First and central piece of any impact measurement exercise 1. Define the overarching social problem 2. Define scope and impact objectives 3. Select (and invest in) Social Purpose Organisations (SPOs) that can contribute to solving the social problem and meet the impact objectives Tools and resources available: Understand expectations of stakeholders, their contribution, potential impact on them, and the co-operation of main stakeholders in the Impact Management and Measurement (IMM) process Phases: * Stakeholder identification: mapping & selection, analysis of their expectations Theory of Change, logic model, minimum questions to be answered plus causation, Theory of Value Creation MONITOR & REPORT Iterative process * Stakeholder engagement: understand their expectations and then verify if these are met * Monitoring: collecting data and tracking progress against (deviation from) indicators & objectives (identify data sources for all measures, establish baseline status for beneficiaries, determine how data will be collected and by whom, and the human resources available for the evaluation) * Reporting: transforming data into presentable formats, relevant for key stakeholders Tools and resources available: PULSE, Social Reporting Standard, Sinzer, Global Reporting Initiative MEASURE RESULTS * Transforming the objectives into measurable results - - Outcomes: changes, benefits and other effects on the beneficiaries that result from the SPO's activities - - Outputs: tangible products and services that result from the SPO's activities (# of people reached) - - Impact: the attribution of an SPO's work to the broader long-term societal change VERIFY & VALUE IMPACT * Verifying impact (desk research, competitive analysis, interviews / focus groups): can we claim we are having a positive impact? * Valuing (measuring value created) Tools and resources available: * Qualitative methods: storytelling, qualitative surveys, interviews, focus groups * Quantitative methods (monetisation): quantitative surveys, revealed preference, perceived value and use of financial proxies - - Indicators: set to measure outputs, outcomes and impact Tools and resources available: IRIS, Global Value Exchange Consider impact achieved by SPO and assess the impact of Venture Philanthropy Organisation or Social Investor (VPO/SI) on the SPO INVESTISSEURS & PARTENAIRES' (I&P) IMPACT MEASUREMENT JOURNEY * Background: I&P manages three impact funds covering financing needs from €300,000 to €1.5 million * Target areas: SMEs in 15 African countries, in agribusiness, microfinance, building materials & construction, health sector, equipment and various services * www.ietp.com STEP 1: Set Objectives WHAT IS I&P'S APPROACH? * Define with the entire VPO/SI team the VPO/SI's Theory of Change. * Case-by-case (impact objectives for each investee) * Top-down (portfolio-wide environmental and social measures) WHAT ARE I&P'S OBJECTIVES? Four developmental challenges: 1. Develop sustainable entrepreneurship in local SMEs 3. Meet unsatisfied demand for goods and services 2. Create decent jobs and training opportunities 4. Create business for local suppliers and distributors Solutions to achieve portfolio-wide Environmental and Social (ESG) impact objectives: 1. Reduce the portfolio carbon footprint 2. Promote universal health insurance for all employees in investee companies KEY LEARNINGS * Developing objectives takes time, but pays off * I&P tailors its IM system to the capabilities of each investee – but has general ESG goals STEP 2: Analyse Stakeholders 1. HOW DID I&P IDENTIFY STAKEHOLDERS? Top-down approach, one developmental challenge and desired impact per stakeholder (Step 1): 2. HOW ARE I&P'S STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGED? * Primary stakeholders (SPO): -- contribute to identifying technical assistance & capacity building issues (Step 4) -- help test I&P's impact tool (Step 3) -- receive yearly impact reports (Step 5), which increase their commitment & concrete actions * Secondary stakeholders are engaged in Step 4, for I&P's in-depth case studies (focus groups, interviews) * Involve investees in identifying and prioritising stakeholders * The SPO's social impact on its stakeholders guides the VPO/SI in choosing whether to invest or not IOT © Joan Bardeletti (left) Sofamac © Béchir Malum (right) STEP 3: Measure Results STEP 4: Verify & Value Impact I&P measures its investees' performance (impact + ESG practices) with an in-house IM tool based on IRIS metrics and a userfriendly Excel document: Sheet 1: Basic data on the SPO Sheet 2: I&P's commitment with the investee I&P measures its own impact on its investees Sheet 3: Investee's organisational performance –e.g. accounting, HR management, etc. Sheet 4: Impact Results based on table Step 2: Sheet 5: ESG results * "Decent work" agenda, welfare system, etc. * CO2 emission, renewable energies & waste management system * Use existing tools –e.g. IRIS metrics * Revise indicators periodically * Adapt IM systems to each SPO IN-DEPTH IMPACT CASE STUDIES Annual detailed impact evaluation by an independent third party focused on 1 or 2 companies. A team of independent evaluators goes to meet the local social entrepreneur & stakeholders. VERIFYING VALUING Assess what can be improved B develop Action Plan for the SPO B share results & recommendations with investee and local team * Close the learning cycle: Step 4 allows the VPO/SI to revise indicators and to adapt them more to the investee * Would be useful to have an external evaluator Develop a theoretical framework B interview stakeholders STEP 5: Monitor & Report MONITORING I&P monitors its own ESG action plan with the management team at least bi-annually and ensures that ESG & impact considerations are regularly raised and discussed. Data for monitoring is self-reported by the investee, then checked by the investment officer and finally by I&P's IM team. How does I&P monitor its impact on the investee? Organisational performance is monitored through an internal rating, which helps decide on mentoring & technical assistance. REPORTING Different types depending on the stakeholders: * SPOs: specific impact reports for each investee * Broader public: "ESG and Impact Reporting" published on website + videos * Internal VPO/SI team: the ESG & IM team report to all I&P staff * Funders: I&P communicates results to each of the funders Monitoring: * Data collection is a learning process Reporting: * Make reporting relevant for all the stakeholders MANAGING IMPACT AT INVESTISSEURS & PARTENAIRES INVESTMENT PROCESS Deal Screening Assess whether investment opportunity fits with VPO/SI strategy by asking questions detailed in setting objectives (Step 1) I&P performs an in-depth analysis of the SPO to assess the potential social impact (and financial return) of its investment, looking for alignment of impact objectives. I&P also assesses the main ESGrelated risks and opportunities of the investment. Due Diligence Dig deeper in the questions asked in setting objectives (Step 1) Perform stakeholder analysis (Step 2) Verify and value expected results (Step 4) I&P performs a more in-depth screening of the ESG practices of the SPO and assesses the potential social impact(s) of the SPO on its stakeholders. The ESG risk profile of the investee (obtained combining the gross ESG risk of the investee with the SPO's capability to manage such risk) is used as one of the selection criteria. Issue: due to budget constraints, technical assistance is often disregarded in favour of more detailed financial audits. Deal Structuring Map outputs, outcomes and impacts and decide on key indicators (Step 3) Set up the monitoring and reporting system (Step 5) The ESG goals are included in the investment memorandum, and the whole team is trained on how to do so. Assessment of the status of the investee at the outset of the investment, to have the baseline on which to measure progress. Clear explanation of how to report data through the Excel scorecard used by I&P to monitor. Investment Management Regularly assess impact results against indicators & revise indicators if necessary (Step 5) Verify and value results regularly to identify impacts with the highest social value (Step 4) Seminars are organised on ESG & IM to train the investment team and the investees on IM. Case studies are used to verify and value the impact. FOR MORE INFORMATION Read the full publication "Impact Measurement in Practice: In-Depth Case Studies" Register for our "Fundamental Course on Venture Philanthropy and Impact Investing" or "Social Impact Measurement and Management Training" Contact us at [email protected] Exit Perform thorough analysis of impact results against objectives – verifying and valuing reported results (Step 4) Once the ESG and impact goals are met, I&P exits investments, either to the initial entrepreneur or to existing (co-)investors, or by selling to strategic players active in the same field. I&P always values impact alongside financial return. Structuring the deal to favour the exit to the entrepreneur sometimes means capping the expected financial return.	<urn:uuid:d8da743e-6e21-4a74-8b37-3a2792aba573>	CC-MAIN-2018-47	https://sinapse.gife.org.br/dlm_file/a-short-guide-to-impact-management-measurement-investisseurs-partenaires-case-study/	2018-11-17T11:55:24Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743353.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20181117102757-20181117124757-00142.warc.gz	743,963,375	2,024	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.953529	eng_Latn	0.96855	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2485, 6684, 9353 ]
How to Get _________________ Out of Your _____________ By 2 Cor. 7:10; Selected Scriptures D.Z. Cofield, Th.M., D. Min. Salvation –σωτηρία; Transliteration: sōtēria. Without regret –ἀμεταμέλητος; Transliteration: ametamelētos. September 9, 2018 1. In order to get good out of your guilt you must realize ________ have, are and will make ______________________ in life. Psalm 51:5-6 (NLT) - For I was born a sinner - yes, from the moment my mother conceived me. 6 But you desire honesty from the womb, teaching me wisdom even there. Romans 5:12 (NLT) - When Adam sinned, sin entered the world. Adam's sin brought death, so death spread to everyone, for everyone sinned. Romans 3:23 (NLT) - For everyone has sinned; we all fall short of God's glorious standard. 1 John 1:8 (NLT) - If we claim we have no sin, we are only fooling ourselves and not living in the truth. 1 John 1:10 (NLT) - If we claim we have not sinned, we are calling God a liar and showing that his word has no place in our hearts. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. In order to get good out of your guilt you need to realize you have the ________________ to _____________ what your ________ will become in your life. 2 Corinthians 7:9-11 (ESV) - As it is, I rejoice, not because you were grieved, but because you were grieved into repenting. For you felt a godly grief, so that you suffered no loss through us. 10 For godly grief produces a repentance that leads to salvation without regret, whereas worldly grief produces death. 11 For see what earnestness this godly grief has produced in you, but also what eagerness to clear yourselves, what indignation, what fear, what longing, what zeal, what punishment! At every point you have proved yourselves innocent in the matter. GRIEF – λυπέω; Transliteration: lypeō. A. ___________ GRIEF – leads to ______________________ that leads to _________________________ without ________________. Repentance – μετάνοια; Transliteration: metanoia. Acts 26:20 (ESV) - but declared first to those in Damascus, then in Jerusalem and throughout all the region of Judea, and also to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, performing deeds in keeping with their repentance. Salvation –σωτηρία; Transliteration: sōtēria. 2 Peter 3:9 (ESV) - The Lord is not slow to fulfill his promise as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing that any should perish, but that all should reach repentance. Acts 11:18 (ESV) - When they heard these things they fell silent. And they glorified God, saying, "Then to the Gentiles also God has granted repentance that leads to life." B. ___________________ GRIEF – produces _______________. Death – θάνατος; Transliteration: thanatos. Proverbs 15:13 (ESV) - A glad heart makes a cheerful face, but by sorrow of heart the spirit is crushed. Proverbs 17:22 (ESV) - A joyful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. In order to get good out of your guilt you must _____________ and ________________ your _______________. Proverbs 28:13 (NLT) - People who conceal their sins will not prosper, but if they confess and turn from them, they will receive mercy. A. You must confess your __________ to ____________. Psalm 51:3-4 (ESV) - For I know my transgressions, and my sin is ever before me. 4 Against you, you only, have I sinned and done what is evil in your sight, so that you may be justified in your words and blameless in your judgment. 1 John 1:9 (ESV) - If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. Psalm 32:5 (NLT) - Finally, I confessed all my sins to you and stopped trying to hide my guilt. I said to myself, "I will confess my rebellion to the LORD." And you forgave me! All my guilt is gone. Interlude B. You must confess your sins to the _______________ affected by your ____________________. James 5:16 (NLT) - Confess your sins to each other and pray for each other so that you may be healed. The earnest prayer of a righteous person has great power and produces wonderful results. Matthew 5:23-24 (NLT) - So if you are presenting a sacrifice at the altar in the Temple and you suddenly remember that someone has something against you, 24 leave your sacrifice there at the altar. Go and be reconciled to that person. Then come and offer your sacrifice to God. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4. In order to get good out of your guilt you must __________________ yourself just as ___________ has forgiven ________, even when other people don't, won't or can't. Psalm 103:3 (NLT) - He forgives all my sins and heals all my diseases. Psalm 103:8-12 (NLT) - The LORD is compassionate and merciful, slow to get angry and filled with unfailing love. 9 He will not constantly accuse us, nor remain angry forever. 10 He does not punish us for all our sins; he does not deal harshly with us, as we deserve. 11 For his unfailing love toward those who fear him is as great as the height of the heavens above the earth. 12 He has removed our sins as far from us as the east is from the west. Psalm 51:1-2 (NLT) - Have mercy on me, O God, because of your unfailing love. Because of your great compassion, blot out the stain of my sins. 2 Wash me clean from my guilt. Purify me from my sin. 1 John 3:20 (ESV) - for whenever our heart condemns us, God is greater than our heart, and he knows everything. Colossians 2:13-14 (NLT) - You were dead because of your sins and because your sinful nature was not yet cut away. Then God made you alive with Christ, for he forgave all our sins. 14 He canceled the record of the charges against us and took it away by nailing it to the cross. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Questions to Consider 1. When have you been ever disappointed by a friend or family member? Was that painful or pleasurable? Explain 3. Is there a specific area in your life that you've struggled with guilt? Explain. 2. When have you ever disappointed a friend or family member? How was that communicated to you? 4. What qualities were produced by the Corinthians' godly grief and guilt? (7:11) 6. How can realizing you're not perfect help you manage the guilt in your life? 5. How do you respond when you feel guilty about something? 7. How does it make you feel knowing you have the power to choose what grief looks like in your life? Explain 9. How important is it to use the power you have to forgive yourself in order to get rid of lingering guilt? 8. Is it easy or difficult to admit and confess the things that make you feel guilty? Explain 10. What specific step can you take this week to turn sorrow for sin and guilt into a new attitude and godly living?	<urn:uuid:90838ba0-f932-480d-a5a6-eaf21cbfd934>	CC-MAIN-2018-51	https://goodhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/20180909_GHMBC_SermonNotes-1.pdf	2018-12-10T06:30:49Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823318.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20181210055518-20181210081018-00054.warc.gz	597,338,197	1,711	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998988	eng_Latn	0.999308	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2434, 4971, 7432 ]
RA_________________ REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION PLEASE COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION (REQUIRED) : PROJECT ADDRESS APPLICANT(S) NAME AFFILIATION OR ORGANIZATION (IF ANY) RELATIONSHIP TO PERSON(S) WITH DISABILITY MAILING ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP E-MAIL ADDRESS TELEPHONE NO. PROPERTY OWNER(S) NAME MAILING ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP E-MAIL ADDRESS TELEPHONE NO. REQUEST: Please describe the reasonable accommodations requested and the specific and regulation(s), policy, or procedure for which the accommodation is sought. *PLEASE ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON PAGE 2* THE APPLICANT AND PROPERTY OWNER HEREBY DECLARE UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY THAT ALL THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED FOR THIS APPLICATION IS TRUE AND CORRECT. APPLICANT ’ S SIGNATURE DATE PROPERTY OWNER ’ S SIGNATURE DATE DATE FILED RECEIPT NO. PAID RECEIVED BY SIGN SIGN RA -1- 7/21 PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: The Development Services Director or designee shall make a written determination following the submittal of a complete application to approve, approve with modifications, or deny the request for Reasonable Accommodation, based on the following information. Please explain how your request meets these criteria. Separate sheets may be provided if necessary. 1. Will the housing, which is the subject of the request, be used by an individual defined as disabled under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, the Federal Fair Housing Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act (referred to in this Section as the “Acts”)? 2. Is the request for Reasonable Accommodation necessary to make specific housing available to an individual with a disability under the Acts? 3. Will the requested Reasonable Accommodation impose an undue financial or administrative burden on the City? 4. Will the requested Reasonable Accommodation require a fundamental alteration in the nature of a City program or law, including but not limited to land use and zoning? 5. Is the Reasonable Accommodation compatible with the neighboring sites and structures? Will it impact surrounding uses (e.g. noise, odors, light and glare, etc.)? 6. Is the physical condition of the site and structures suitable to support the Reasonable Accommodation (e.g. will grading be needed, removal of protected trees, etc.)? 7. Are there other Reasonable Accommodations that may provide an equivalent level of benefit? If so, please describe. FILING REQUIREMENTS In order for this application to be processed without delay, the application must include all of the following materials. To ensure that your application package is complete, please check-off the boxes next to the required application materials. Completed application form Filing Fee An Ownership Disclosure is required if the property is owned by a corporation, partnership, trust, or non-profit. The disclosure must reveal the agent for service of process or an officer of the ownership entity. The disclosure must list the names and addresses of all the owners and you must attach a copy of the current corporate articles, partnership agreement, trust, or non-profit document, as applicable. Reasonable Accommodation Verification: A current, written medical certification (by a licensed physician) establishing that the individual for which the reasonable accommodation is requested, is disabled as defined under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, the Federal Fair Housing Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. The verification letter should also describe the disability and any limitations on the occupant’s physical or mental condition from the disability. Plans/Elevations: T wo (2) sets of plans (minimum size 8½” x 11”) drawn to scale and accurately dimensioned and a digital copy in PDF format on a CD should be provided to illustrate the reasonable accommodation request. This may include providing a site plan, floor plans, elevations, roof plans, and a landscaping plan if applicable. The plans must show the following: a. Scale, north arrow, parkway width, and street address b. Location and size of all proposed structures (new and/or existing). The building and setback areas shall be clearly dimensioned. c. Description of types of materials, colors, treatments, etc. d. Mechanical equipment and easements (if any) e. Location and dimension of all landscaped areas and the type of trees and sizes (to remain or proposed to be removed.) Photos (prints and on CD) of the subject property as viewed from the street, sides, and rear yard, and the surrounding dwellings. Photos should be printed at 3”x5” at a minimum.	<urn:uuid:0cb931cf-85fd-473b-9727-561641c08f2b>	CC-MAIN-2021-39	https://www.arcadiaca.gov/Shape%20Arcadia/Development%20Services/planning%20services/FINAL%20APP%207-21%20(rounded)/Reasonable%20Accommodation%207-21.pdf	2021-09-19T04:20:48+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-39/subset=warc/part-00141-f465d820-0362-4c4c-a396-c69f5fd24cc4.c000.gz.parquet	707,049,713	991	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.892584	eng_Latn	0.986252	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 870, 2173, 4694 ]
Informed Consent for Telehealth Services In response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services approved the provision of psychotherapy using secure, HIPAA compliant teleconferencing technology. A number of health insurance companies have also permitted the provision of telebehavioral health services for at least 90 days beginning March 15, 2020. As approved providers for Medicare and select health insurance provider panels, we have the equipment and software to be able to provide confidential services to you in your home or in another secure location. However, there are a number of precautions that need to be observed in order to ensure that the services we provide are appropriate for the needs of each new client. This informed consent policy is meant to clarify what you can expect from us as you request telehealth services, as well as your responsibility in order to enter into a contract for psychotherapy services using videoconferencing. In Order to Schedule an Initial Consultation You Will Be Asked to: Complete our online History Form Complete our online Symptom Checklist Submit your Insurance card in order for us to verify your benefits prior to the first session Submit your driver's license number Our New Client Assessment Team will review the information that you provide to ensure that the referral is appropriate for our practice. Once you have completed your online History and Symptom Checklist, our Assessment Team will notify you within 2 business days if we are able to offer you an Initial Consultation via Telehealth. If you are not appropriate for the practice, we will attempt to make referrals to other resources in the community. If you are appropriate for the practice, we will find an appointment with the provider whom you requested if they are accepting new clients. We also reserve the right to recommend other providers in our group practice that are providers for your insurance and who have the requisite training and experience for your needs. After the first appointment, if additional information emerges that indicates that your needs are beyond the scope of our practice, we reserve the right to refer you to community resources. Exclusions: Family Psychology Associates has served the Tampa Bay community since 1992. Our success is based upon recognizing the types of clients that we serve most effectively. This also means that we have identified problems that are not appropriate for treatment via telehealth. This includes the following: Substance abuse Domestic violence Self-harm Suicidal or homicidal thoughts Delusions or hallucinations There are also some clients that we do serve well, but they require close interaction that is not consistent with social distancing. Young children Developmental and learning disorders Finally, the vast majority of our clients use Medicare or private insurance to assist with the cost of treatment. Unless your insurance company has waived cost sharing on the part of patients, we are required to collect your deductibles and copayments. We will expect you to keep a credit card on file so that we can process your copayments at the time of service. If you are unable to supply a credit card, you may make arrangements to prepay by check. If you cannot afford your cost sharing, we will refer you to community mental health facilities. Confidentiality: Your Private Health Information will be treated with the utmost confidentiality in the same way that face to face services are protected. This includes documentation of each session and the associated insurance claims. Your Private Health Information cannot be released to any third party without your written authorization. If you would like to have information released, you may complete an Authorization for the Release of Information form located on the New Clients page of our website. It is your responsibility to ensure that you are in a private place for our sessions so that you will not be overheard of interrupted. You are also responsible for having access to videoconferencing hardware and internet access that it reliable. If it is determined that your internet access is not sufficient to allow for a productive therapeutic interaction, we may be able to complete that session by phone. However, if this is a persistent problem, we will refer you to a provider who can serve you on a face to face basis. In the case of minors, it will be most effective for each session to begin and end with contact with a parent or legal guardian. This ensures that the internet connection is satisfactory and it also allows for the identification of risk that may necessitate a referral to a more intensive form of treatment. After the introduction with the parent or guardian, it will be best for the minor to have access to a private space for the interview with the therapist. Emergency procedures: We are an outpatient practice and we do not have privileges to treat clients in an inpatient or a residential treatment facility. If during the course of treatment it is determined that there is a risk to yourself or others, we are empowered to notify local emergency services to determine if an involuntary hospitalization is warranted. Furthermore, if a substance abuse crisis occurs, we reserve the right to terminate treatment until the underlying substance abuse disorder is addressed. We are mandated reporters of child abuse and elder abuse. We are also trained to identify indicators of domestic violence and we will notify authorities in order for them to conduct a welfare check, if we believe that there is imminent risk. If you have any questions about this Informed Consent for Telehealth Services, please call 727-725-8820 for more information. _____________________________ Date ______________________________ ________________________________ Client ________________________________ Family Psychology Associates Staff Date	<urn:uuid:4f51e033-333a-4c9f-93d1-12107c6b47e7>	CC-MAIN-2022-27	https://fampsy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Informed_Consent_for_Telehealth_Services_editable.pdf	2022-06-27T20:09:28+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-27/subset=warc/part-00187-48f675b2-7fd4-43af-adb3-2a4ea7f82193.c000.gz.parquet	301,811,483	1,115	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.964375	eng_Latn	0.998777	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2585, 5660, 5974 ]
SECTION 1500 MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS 1500.1 GENERAL This section contains construction activities that are considered minor in nature as compared to the activities in other sections. 1500.2 CONTENTS Section No. Title 1501 Monuments Submittals 1502 SECTION 1501 MONUMENTS 1501.1 GENERAL This work shall consist of furnishing and installing precast portland cement concrete right-of-way monuments and either precast or cast-in-place survey monuments at the locations shown on the plans or directed by the ENGINEER and as specified in these specifications and the Supplementary Specifications. Monuments shall conform to the dimensions and details on the drawings. 1501.2 REFERENCES 1501.2.1 This Publication Section 101 1501.3 MATERIALS The concrete portion of monuments shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions in Section 101. Marker plates, as approved by the OWNER and shown on the plans, for survey monuments will be furnished by the CONTRACTOR unless otherwise specified in the Supplementary Specifications. 1501.4 CONSTRUCTION In constructing precast monuments, the forms shall not be removed until after the concrete has hardened. Monuments that are warped will be rejected. The exposed surface of the finished monuments shall be uniform, of even texture, and shall be free from holes, cracks, and chipped edges. The precast monuments shall not be transported to the work site until the concrete has cured. Survey monuments may be cast-in-place in drilled holes without the use of forms. The size shall be 12 inches in diameter and 3 feet in depth. Marker plates shall be placed in survey monuments before the concrete block has acquired its initial set and shall be firmly bedded in the concrete. The concrete block shall be so located that, when the plate is inserted, the reference point will fall within a 1/2 inch circle in the center of the plate. The marker plates shall be stamped with the appropriate elevation above sea level and the coordinates of the point, if applicable, or as required by the ENGINEER. 1501.5 INSTALLATION All monuments shall be set firmly and vertically in the ground to a depth of at least 3 feet. The tops of survey monument covers, where required, shall be set flush with the ground line or pavement surface, whichever applies. The monuments shall be set in position after paving; the space around them shall be filled with earth free from rock. The filling material shall be watered and tamped into place in such manner as to hold the monument securely in position. Pavement or concrete surfaces adjacent to monuments that have been removed for the setting of monuments shall be restored to match existing contiguous surfaces and in a manner satisfactory to the ENGINEER. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish reproducible drawings to the ENGINEER showing reference survey monuments as marked on curbs or otherwise located. 1501.6 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT Measurement and payment will be the unit price per each for the class and type required as specified in the Bid Proposal. SECTION 1502 SUBMITTALS 1502.1 GENERAL The requirements of this section of the specifications consist of furnishing all manufacturer's data, shop drawings, samples, certifications, guarantees, reports, operation manuals, maintenance manuals, lubrication charts, spare parts lists, special tools and factory representative required for installation of special items, in strict accordance with the specifications and the applicable drawings, and subject to the terms and conditions of the contract. 1502.2 SUBMITTAL CHECK LIST The Submittal Check List that will be part of the Supplemental Specifications on each project, lists items which will be required to construct the project for which submittals will be required by the ENGINEER. The list of submittals is for the convenience of the CONTRACTOR and supplier, and should not be considered as the complete and final requirements. Additional submittals and material may be required by the ENGINEER as project progresses. 1502.3 WHAT TO SUBMIT 1502.3.1 The following is an explanation of what to submit if indicated on the check list. A. Manufacturer's Data: Any catalog type literature on the item. B. Shop Drawings: Detail drawings with all dimensions and locations shown. C. Samples: The item that will be supplied. D. Certifications: Any certifications required by these specifications or standard specifications and/or requirements for that item, to cover raw materials and testing of the final product. E. Guarantees: A copy of the guarantee to be given to the Owner on that item. F. Lab Test Reports: Laboratory test reports required to show that the item meets all specified requirements. G. Operation Manuals and Maintenance Manuals: The manufacturer's standard Operation and Maintenance Manuals on that item. H. Special Tools: A list of special tools required to operate and maintain that item and the number of each tool the manufacturer will supply. I. Lubrication Charts and Grease Specs: A list of all lubrication points on that item with frequency and type of lubricant to be used at each point. J. Spare Parts List: A list of spare parts that the manufacturer recommends the Owner maintains. K. Factor Representative: A factory representative will be required to be present for installation and/or startup of that item of equipment. L. Field Test Reports: The field test reports are reports and/or tests that have been conducted on the item in an existing installation over a period of time. M. Pump and Blower Curves: Certified curves based on the test performance of each pump or blower to be installed on this project. N. Load Design: Load design calculations shall show the maximum load the item can carry under the support conditions shown on the drawings for both uniform and concentrated loads. These calculations shall be under a New Mexico registered professional engineer's signature. 0. Additional literature, reports and/or tests may be required by the ENGINEER. 1502.3.2 When pumps of any type are part of the project, in addition to the other information required on pump submittals the CONTRACTOR shall submit the following data for each unit of pumping equipment. A. Name of manufacturer B. Type of pumps. C. Number of stages and speed. D. Diameter of impeller. E. Type of bearings. F. Size of suction and discharge piping and barrel. G. Type of thrust bearing. H. Shut-off pressure. I. Impeller material. J. Pump shaft material and diameter. K. Capacity and head. L. Make and type of motor. M. Horsepower of motor with proper NEMA Standard insulation. N. Type of motor bearings. 0. Net weight of complete unit. P. Guaranteed KWH required to pump 1,000 gallons against the required head. Q. Discharge column: Material Weight per foot Type of Joint Spacing of joints Inside diameter R. Line shaft: Material Diameter Length of sections S. Line Shaft Bearing: Length Spacing Type Material T. Thrust Bearing: Complete computations on thrust conditions. Computed pump thrust at shut-off. Computed pump thrust at operating condition Rated bearing capacity. Manufacturer. Method of cooling. Weight of bearing. U. Combined overall efficiency of pump and motor when operating at rated condition V. Does equipment offered differ from specification requirement? W. Do catalogs, descriptive literature, etc., covering all equipment accompany the bid? U. Combined overall efficiency of pump and motor when operating at rated condition. V. Does equipment offered differ from specification requirement? W. Do catalogs, descriptive literature, etc., covering all equipment accompany the bid? SECTION 1502 SUBMITTAL CHECK LIST \| SUBMITTALS FOR \| Manufacturer's Data \| Shop Drawings \| Samples \| Certifications \| Guarantees \| Lab Test Reports \| Operation Manuals \| Maintenance Manuals \| Special Tools \| Lubrication Charts & Grease Specs. \| Spare Parts List (Recommend- ed) \| Factory Representative Required for Install. \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| ITEM DESCRIPTION \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|	<urn:uuid:4d014bc2-f057-4582-ae53-659a2e8b22aa>	CC-MAIN-2020-40	http://documents.cabq.gov/planning/DevelopmentReviewServices/DRC/SEC%201500-1502.pdf	2020-09-19T18:22:05+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-40/subset=warc/part-00244-50bb8e61-7c5b-4d2c-bd34-dad6ca92b697.c000.gz.parquet	41,146,877	1,707	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.941835	eng_Latn	0.984293	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 254, 3051, 6796, 7646, 8087 ]
Enjoy the Many Benefits of “One-Stop Shopping” For over three decades, Berkshire Hathaway GUARD Insurance Companies have focused on meeting the unique needs of businesses. As a result, we understand that an insurer must offer certain advantages and efficiencies to be competitive. We have successfully met this challenge with our traditional specialty — Workers’ Compensation insurance . . . and we are now doing the same with our Businessowner’s Policy. Together, these coverages and the other elements of our comprehensive, multi-policy BizGUARD Plus product will enable you to enjoy “one-stop shopping” at Berkshire Hathaway GUARD, which will significantly reduce your labor AND enhance your ability to achieve a steady income stream. You will also discover that we have incorporated unique Credits into our pricing (see below), creating the kind of edge needed to win sales! Simple and Affordable Businessowner’s Coverage Our comprehensive Businessowner’s Policy is a traditional form to which we’ve added specialized coverages, limits, and provisions! Advantages to you and your clients include: - A competitive basic rate structure (with IRPM’s also available). - A unique Safety Record Credit of up to 15% based on Workers’ Compensation experience.* (Remember: When you have both your Businessowner’s and Workers’ Comp coverage with us, you may also qualify for a companion “Multi-policy” Schedule Credit of 5% on the latter, which increases the overall benefit!)** - Graduated Liability Premium Discounts for qualifying restaurants. - Discounted liquor liability rates for fine dining establishments. - A fast, easy submission process via GUARD E-Z Rate at our Internet Agency Service Center. - Quick underwriting responses (with a complete E-Z Rate application) and authority to “quote and bind” accounts that are within select industry groups and satisfy our eligibility criteria. - Competitive commissions. * Not Applicable in CA, NY, and KS; a special Businessowner’s “Multi-policy” Credit is offered instead. ** This Comp “Multi-policy” credit is not applicable in certain states. Berkshire Hathaway GUARD Insurance Companies Your Business Is Our Business® ## Standard BizGUARD Coverages ### Basic Property Coverages Included/available with policy. - Buildings and Structures (Includes Building Glass) and BPP -- - Building Limit - Automatic Increase - Business Personal Property - Seasonal Increase - Tenants Improvements and Betterments ### Additional Property Coverages Included with policy. - Awnings - Business Income - Business Income From Dependent Properties - Civil Authority: Business Income and Extra Expense - Collapse - Debris Removal - Electronic Data - Extended Business Income - Extra Expense - Fire Department Service Charge - Fire Extinguisher Systems Recharge Expense - Forgery Or Alteration - "Fungi," Wet Rot or Dry Rot (Limited Coverage) - N/A in NY - Glass Expenses - Increased Cost of Construction - Interruption of Computer Operations - Money Orders and "Counterfeit Money" - Pollutant Clean-Up and Removal - Preservation of Property - Water, Other Liquids, Powder/Molten Material Damage ### Extended Property Coverages Included with policy. - Accounts Receivable - Appurtenant Structures - Newly Acquired or Constructed Property - Outdoor Property - Personal Effects - Personal Property Off Premises - Valuable Papers and Records ### Optional Property Coverages Included/available with policy. - Employee Dishonesty - Equipment Breakdown** - Money and Securities - Outdoor Signs ### Liability Coverages Included with policy. (Total Limits up to $5 million via our Umbrella/Excess policy.) - Business Liability/Medical Expenses - Medical Expenses per Person - Damage to Premises Rented to You ### Customization Endorsement As part of our STANDARD coverage, we provide some extra optional protection at no additional cost (Ex: $10,000 of Employee Dishonesty coverage). Our Customization endorsement implements these and other state-specific changes. --- Limits - Up to $12,500,000 - (Higher limits sometimes available) - 2-16% (8% max in CT) - 25-50% - (Option to schedule limit using Building Base Rate) - $2,500 per occurrence - (See our Awnings Endorsement for limits up to $100,000.) - 12 months, actual loss; begins 72 hours after occurrence; - 60 days Ordinary Payroll Expense (up to 360) - $5,000 per occurrence 72 hours after occurrence (up to $25,000) - 4 weeks, actual loss; begins 72 hours after occurrence - Included in Building Limit - 25% of actual loss up to Property Limit plus $10,000 - $10,000 per policy year - (can increase but BPP must be for the same building) - 30 days (up to 360) - 12 months, actual loss - $25,000 - $5,000 per occurrence - $10,000 per occurrence ($25,000/$50,000/$100,000) - $15,000 per 12-month period (up to $50,000; NJ ONLY) - Actual loss - $10,000 per building - $10,000 per policy year - $1,000 - $10,000 per premises - Within 30 days - Included in Building Limit - $25,000 per occurrence on/off premises - (up to $250,000 on premises) - $50,000 per occurrence - 25% of Building Limit up to $500,000; up to $250,000 for BPP per premises; 30 days - $10,000; $1,000 for any one tree, shrub, or plant - (Can increase but BPP must be for the same building) - $5,000 per premises - $10,000 (up to $100,000) - $25,000 per occurrence on/off premises - (up to $250,000 on premises) - $10,000 per occurrence - ($25,000/$50,000/$100,000) - Total insured value; $25,000 for certain sub-coverages - Up to $1,000,000 - $5,000 per occurrence (with an option to increase per the policy) - $200,000 per occurrence - (up to $1,000,000; 2x aggregate) - $5,000 (up to $10,000) - $50,000 (up to $1,000,000) --- Deductibles Our standard Property deductible is $500 per location per occurrence for Building and BPP (main coverages and optional coverages), including Employee Dishonesty, Optional Property Damage Liability deductibles of $250, $500, $1,000, or $2,500 can be obtained on a per occurrence basis. Optional fixed-dollar deductibles of $250, $1,000, and $2,500 are available for certain coverages as well as $5,000, $7,500, or $10,000 in all states but NY. Windstorm or Hall deductibles of 1%, 2%, or 5% can be chosen. --- Negotiable coverage terms and/or a change in limits can be elected and may impact the policy's final estimated premium. Our Businessowner’s Policy provides broad Equipment Breakdown Coverage including Mechanical Breakdown through a collaboration with market leader Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. This coverage will be automatically added to every policy unless otherwise specified. *Currently available in IL, MO, SC, TN, TX.* --- In addition to the “General Coverages” cited above, your client’s Businessowner’s Policy can incorporate a variety of other ISO-based forms (including certain exclusions) upon request and at the discretion of our underwriters. While our STANDARD BizGUARD coverages are sufficient for many accounts with a Total Insured Value up to $12.5 million, we also provide a variety of options and expanded limits that allow us to (1) compete successfully for even larger risks; (2) address the unique needs of specific targeted markets; and (3) provide increased protection for particular exposures via our Plus coverages. Berkshire Hathaway GUARD S-T-R-E-T-C-H Endorsements For many of our “Targeted Classes,” we have developed unique optional endorsements that make a variety of coverage extensions available at a single reasonable rate. By targeting these enhancements to the needs of specific categories of business, we are able to provide a highly customized insurance solution for Artisan Contractors, Auto Services Operations, Hotels/Motels, Professional Offices, Restaurants, and Retail Stores. To learn more about both our class specific and Deluxe S-T-R-E-T-C-H endorsements, see our Producer Guide Supplements. GUARD “Plus” Coverages - Additional Insured - Garage Operations by the Named Insured - Auto Services – Garage Liability - Business Income, Extra Expense and Related Coverage - Business Income - Extended BI Extra Expense - Car Wash – Damage to Customers’ Autos - Condominiums, Co-ops, Associations – Directors/Officers Liability - Data Compromise (N/A in CA) - Earthquake and Sprinkler Leakage (select states) - Employee Benefits Liability - Extended Reporting Period for Employee Benefits Liability - Employment-Related Practices Liability - Equipment Breakdown (HSB) - Extended Reporting Period for Employment-Related Practices Liability - Hired and Non-Owned Auto Liability - Hired Auto Physical Damage - Hotel/Motel for Guests’ Property in Safe Deposit Boxes - Loss or Damage to Customers’ Autos (Legal Liability) - Miscellaneous Professional Liability - Private Parking Lot - Spillage - Utility Services - Time Element - Water Back-Up and Sump Overflow Limits** Included in Liability Limits Optional limits of $100,000, $300,000, $500,000, $1,000,000 Aggregate limits of $50,000, $100,000, $250,000 Available for TIV up to $2.5 million; deductibles from 5%-40% $300,000 – $1,000,000 per employee; 2x aggregate Up to 3 years $10,000 annual aggregate (optional limits up to $100,000 in CA, $200,000 elsewhere; in NY, available limits are $100,000, $150,000, $250,000, and $500,000) Applicable Property Limits of insurance (sub-limits apply) Up to 3 years Included in Liability Limits $50,000 Optional limits of $25,000, $50,000, $100,000, $250,000 $6,000 – $1,000,000 Limits from $100,000 to $250,000 (up to $500,000 in NY) Included in Liability Limits $10,000 – $50,000 As indicated by endorsement Up to $100,000 Examples of Other ISO Coverages* - Aggregate Limits of Insurance Per Project - Additional Insured - Owners, Lessees or Contractors - Completed Operations - Additional Insured - Owners, Lessees or Contractors - with Additional Insured Requirement in Construction Contract - Computer Fraud and Funds Transfer Fraud - Fire Department Service Contract - Food Contamination - Home Repair and Remodeling (IL only) - Limitation of Coverage to Designated Premises or Project - Liquor Liability - Liquor Liability Exclusion–Exception for Scheduled Activities - Pesticide or Herbicide Applicator (Landscape Gardeners) Ordinance or Law (includes for a single charge): - Coverage for Loss to the Undamaged Portion of a Bldg -- Demolition Cost Coverage - Increased Cost of Construction Coverage - Professional Liability (Barber Shops, Beauty Salons, Funeral Directors, Optical/Hearing Aid Establishments, Printers, Veterinarians) - Snow Plow Products-Completed Operations Hazard Coverage - Utility Services - Direct Damage Limits As indicated by endorsement Included in Liability Limit Included in Liability Limit $25,000/$50,000/$100,000 As indicated by endorsement $10,000; $3,000 additional advertising expense $10,000 per occurrence for work not conforming to code As indicated by endorsement $300,000 - $1 million per common cause; 2x aggregate (IL-Statutory Per Person Limits with $600K, $1M, or $2M aggregate; CT-Statutory Per Person and Common Cause Limits of $250K available to refresh the state cap; MN-$310K Statutory Limit - required sub-limit policy) $300,000 - $1 million per occurrence; 2x aggregate As indicated by endorsement Building Limit Up to $1,000,000 Can be increased over the base $10,000 limit of the policy up to $1,000,000 Except IL, included in Liability Limit (optional limits of $300,000 to $1 million per occurrence; 2X aggregate); in IL, separate limit (optional limits of $300K, $500K, $1M; aggregate equal to the Per Occurrence Limit) Included in Liability Limit As indicated by endorsement In all, dozens of coverages are available via endorsement to customize a policy to the needs of a particular situation. While generally optional, certain ones may be mandatory for specific types of risk. Not all Berkshire Hathaway GUARD Insurance Companies provide the products and/or services described, and not all are available in all states. This information presents a general overview for illustrative purposes. Only the relevant insurance policy can provide the actual terms, coverages, amounts, conditions, and exclusions for an insured. Copyright 2015. WestGUARD Insurance Company. August 2015, edition. Underwriting Guidelines* Berkshire Hathaway GUARD’s Businessowner’s Policy has been designed to match the needs of our current customer base — employers from a broad range of classes, particularly “Main-Street America” type businesses. Some of the targeted markets we like best are: - Artisan Contractors - Professional Offices - Restaurants - Retail Goods & Services - Auto Services Operations - Hotels/Motels - Select Habitational Risks HOWEVER, we will consider applicants that fall outside of these industries when risk characteristics fit within our account appetite. For a list of many of the classes we will entertain, see our Businessowner’s Policy Underwriting Appetite flyer provided separately. Although final qualifying criteria for any applicant will depend upon the particular nature of the risk, we offer the following general guidelines. General Underwriting Guidelines - Minimum Premium: $480; in states entered in 2014 and later (plus SC) - $550 for all classes except fast-food and full-cooking restaurants, which require $980 - Building/Business Personal Property Value: $12,500,000 per location (though higher limits will be considered on a case-by-case basis) - Maximum Sq. Ft.: 100,000 per location (separate criteria shown below) - Maximum Annual Gross Sales: $20,000,000 per location - All buildings updated within the past 20 years (25 years in CA) - Favorable loss history - 24-hour operations generally not considered Artisan Contractors - Additional Guidelines Primarily residential and light commercial - Annual Payroll: Max $1,000,000 ($600,000 in VA/CA; $400,000 in NY); min $25,000 - Sales Unrelated to Installation/Service/Repair: < 25% of annual sales preferred - Subcontractor Exposure: < 25% of total annual gross sales (10% in VA/CA) - No work performed at a height above three stories (for select contracting classes) - No renting or leasing equipment to others Auto Services - Additional Guidelines - Designed for general repair operations, attended car washes; quick lube facilities, etc. - Maximum Sq. Ft.: 35,000 - Maximum Sales: $3,000,000 - Total Insured Value: $3,000,000 (including BI/EE); Garagekeeper’s limit <= $250,000 (Higher limits considered on a case-by-case basis) - Protection Class 1-8; joisted masonry, masonry non-combustible, or fire resistive - Full compliance with NFPA Standards for spray booths, flammable liquids, welding - Three years in business (loss ratio <= 40%) or comparable management experience - Local delivery with a radius up to 50 miles (Non-Owned Auto coverage only in most states; Owned Auto currently available in NJ, PA, SC) - Annual Motor Vehicle Record (MVR) review by employer Hotel/Motel - Additional Guidelines - Maximum Height: eight stories - Protection Class 1-8; joisted masonry, masonry non-combustible, or fire resistive - Total Insured Value: $8,500,000 million (non-preferred); $15,000,000 (preferred) - Preferred Risks: Inside entrance to rooms; sprinklered or alternative water source; franchise hotels favored - Standard Risks: Those unable to meet Preferred criteria; TIV below $8,500,000 Professional Offices - Additional Guidelines - Building Owner/Lessor: Max Sq. Ft.: 100,000/building; Max Height: eight stories - Tenant/Lessee: Max Sq. Ft.: 25,000/building Restaurants - Additional Guidelines - Maximum Sq. Ft.: 25,000 (full cooking), 15,000 (limited cooking and fast food) - Maximum Seating: 350 (full cooking), 125 (limited cooking), 200 (fast food) - Maximum Liquor Sales: 50% (full cooking; fine dining with > 50% may be eligible); 30% (limited cooking and fast food) - Maximum Sales/Off-Premises Catering: < 10% of total annual sales preferred - Full compliance with NFPA Standard #96 and UL 300 Standard - Three years of restaurant or equivalent experience - Seasonal operations considered on a case-by-case basis Retail Goods and Services - Additional Guidelines - Sales from Building Materials/Lumber: < 10% of total annual sales preferred --- New Procedure Acceptance of Quote & Billing Authority to bind NEW accounts up to and including the inception date will be granted once an underwriting decision has been made or an account has qualified for automatic underwriting. When an account is bound, the amount due must be remitted to us on the effective date of the requested coverage. When payment is not received within five days of that date, we provide a final warning in the form of a Direct Notice of Cancellation for non-payment of premium. To expedite, applicants can utilize electronic funds transfer via our Direct Draft Program. During the course of the policy, billing fees may include: $7.00 per installment and a $10.00 late fee per installment when a payment is five or more days past the due date. Our per check fee for non-sufficient funds varies by state. Policyholders with multiple Berkshire Hathaway GUARD coverages will be billed for each separately unless consolidated billing is requested. (We encourage use of our Direct Draft options to avoid fees.) --- Other advantages: - Flexible Payment Plans - Toll-Free Claims and Customer Service Hotlines! - Internet-Based Policyholder Service Center! A+ (“Superior”) A.M. Best Rating	<urn:uuid:c1ccc5aa-df84-456c-b3a0-be64aede3b24>	CC-MAIN-2017-26	http://omega4agents.com/wp-content/uploads/BOP.pdf	2017-06-22T20:29:53Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319902.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622201826-20170622221826-00362.warc.gz	280,127,430	4,205	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.983781	eng_Latn	0.984976	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 2180, 7104, 12504, 17746 ]
Nonmetallic Mineral Products Industry Indexes July 2019 This report analyzes and explains the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) monthly leading and coincident indexes for the nonmetallic mineral products industry. This industry had been classified as the stone, clay, glass, and concrete products industry (SIC 32) under the Standard Industrial Classification system, which was replaced by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS 327). This industry processes certain industrial minerals, minerals that are neither metals nor fuels, into useful products. More than 50 percent of the total value of these products is shipped to the highly cyclical construction industry. The indexes have been calculated for each month back to 1948 and are available on the World Wide Web at: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/nonmetallic-mineralproducts-industry-indexes/ Analysis The nonmetallic mineral products industry leading index increased to 275.1 in June from an upwardly revised 273.1 in May, and its 6-month smoothed growth rate increased to 2.3% in June from an upwardly revised 0.8% in May (table 1). The 6-month smoothed growth rate is a compound annual rate that measures the near-term trend. A growth rate above +1.0% is usually a signal of future growth in industry activity, while a growth rate below -1.0% usually points to a decrease in activity. 1 From September 2017 through August 2018, the leading index growth rate had been above the +1.0% growth rate threshold; September turned down but remained slightly positive. October 2018 through March 2019 growth rates turned negative decreasing below the -1.0% growth rate threshold. April and May 2019 growth rates were slightly positive. June returned to above +1.0% threshold growth. The largest positive contribution to the nonmetallic mineral products industry leading index in June was the nonmetallic mineral products average weekly hours [1.3] (table 2). The largest negative contribution was the index of new private housing units authorized by permits [-0.5] (table 2). 1 The 6-month smoothed growth rate is a compound annual rate based on the ratio of the current month's index to its average level during the preceding 12 months. The nonmetallic mineral products industry coincident index, which measures current industry activity, increased to 160.2 in June from an upwardly revised 157.0 in May, and its 6-month smoothed growth rate increased to 3.7% in June from an upwardly revised -0.2% in May (table 1). From September 2017 through October 2018, the coincident index growth rate had been above the +1.0% growth rate threshold; November turned down but remained slightly positive. December 2018 and January 2019 growth rates returned to above +1.0% threshold growth. The February 2019 growth rate turned negative decreasing below the -1.0% growth rate threshold. March, April, and May growth rates increased, but remained slightly negative. June returned to above +1.0% threshold growth. The largest positive contribution to the nonmetallic mineral products industry coincident index in June was the nonmetallic mineral products total employee hours [1.3] (table 2). There were no negative contributions in June (table 2). Explanation The methodology USGS uses to determine the nonmetallic mineral products indexes consists of constructing and tracking, each month, two composite indexes of diverse economic indicators. The composite leading index for nonmetallic mineral products signals, several months in advance, major changes in current economic activity as measured by a composite coincident index. The construction of the leading and coincident indexes follows well-established procedures for the analysis of cyclical indicators that were developed at the National Bureau of Economic Research, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Center for International Business Cycle Research. Coincident indicators The indicators selected to represent current activity in the coincident index for the nonmetallic mineral products industry are industrial production, the value of shipments in 1982 dollars, and total employee hours worked. These indicators reflect activity in the nonmetallic mineral products industry (NAICS 327). Leading indicators Leading indicators represent various economic activities that can point to near-term changes in industry activity. The following four indicators proved to be reliable at signaling major changes in economic activity in the nonmetallic mineral products industry: 1) average weekly hours worked in the nonmetallic mineral products industry, 2) an index of new private housing units authorized by building permits in the United States, 3) the Standard & Poor's stock price index for building products companies, and 4) the yield spread between the 10-year Treasury Note interest rate and the federal funds interest rate. information about these indexes, contact Jeff Busse (703-648-4914), e-mail ([email protected]). Data provided by Jacob Fuhr. This report was produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) by the National Minerals Information Center. For more The USGS also produces Mineral Industry Surveys (MIS) or Minerals Yearbook chapters for most industrial minerals important to the U.S. economy. These minerals include cement, clay and shale, crushed stone, dimension stone, and construction sand and gravel. Information on how to access these reports is available on the World Wide Web at: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/ Tables and charts follow. Table 1. The Nonmetallic Mineral Products Industry Indexes and Growth Rates \| \| Leading Index \| \| Coincident Index \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| (1977 = 100) \| Growth Rate \| (1977 = 100) \| Growth Rate \| \| 2018 \| \| \| \| \| \| June \| 273.9r \| 2.9r \| 156.5 \| 5.3 \| \| July \| 274.3r \| 2.6 \| 156.9 \| 4.8 \| \| August \| 275.4r \| 2.9r \| 157.5 \| 4.7 \| \| September \| 273.0r \| 0.3r \| 155.7 \| 1.3 \| \| October \| 270.3r \| -1.8r \| 157.4 \| 2.9 \| \| November \| 269.0r \| -2.7 \| 156.0 \| 0.6 \| \| December \| 271.1r \| -1.3 \| 159.4 \| 4.3 \| \| 2019 \| \| \| \| \| \| January \| 271.2 \| -1.3r \| 160.9r \| 5.6r \| \| February \| 266.3r \| -4.6r \| 154.8r \| -2.6r \| \| March \| 270.3 \| -1.4r \| 156.5r \| -0.6r \| \| April \| 272.8 \| 0.4r \| 157.1r \| -0.1r \| \| May \| 273.1r \| 0.8r \| 157.0r \| -0.2r \| \| June \| 275.1 \| 2.3 \| 160.2 \| 3.7 \| r: Revised __________ Note: Growth rates are expressed as compound annual rates based on the ratio of the current month's index to the average index during the preceding 12 months. Table 2. The Contribution of Nonmetallic Mineral Products Index Component to the Percent Change in the Index from the Previous Month \| Leading Index \| May \| June \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| 1. Average weekly hours, nonmetallic mineral products (NAICS 327) \| -0.2r \| 1.3 \| \| 2. Index of new private housing units authorized by permits \| 0.1r \| -0.5 \| \| 3. S&P stock price index, building products companies \| 0.2 \| 0.1 \| \| 4. Spread between the U.S. 10-year Treasury Note and the federal funds rate \| -0.1 \| -0.3 \| \| Trend adjustment \| 0.1 \| 0.1 \| \| \| ______ \| ______ \| \| Percent change (except for rounding differences) \| 0.1r \| 0.8 \| \| Coincident Index \| \| \| \| 1. Industrial production index, nonmetallic mineral products (NAICS 327) \| -0.1r \| 0.6 \| \| 2. Total employee hours, nonmetallic mineral products (NAICS 327) \| -0.1r \| 1.3 \| \| 3. Shipments of nonmetallic mineral products (NAICS 327) \| 0.0 \| NA \| \| Trend adjustment \| 0.1 \| 0.1 \| \| \| ______ \| ______ \| \| Percent change (except for rounding differences) \| -0.1r \| 2.0 \| Sources: Leading: 1, Bureau of Labor Statistics; 2, U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Geological Survey; 3, Standard & Poor's; 4, Federal Reserve Board, Conference Board, and U.S. Geological Survey. Coincident: 1, Federal Reserve Board; 2, Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S. Geological Survey; 3, U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Geological Survey. All series are seasonally adjusted, except 3 of the leading index. _____________ r: Revised NA: Not available Chart 1. NONMETALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS: Chart 2.	<urn:uuid:abdb2e02-7fbe-4c15-aa31-395568bf2db7>	CC-MAIN-2019-43	https://prd-wret.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/atoms/files/scg-201907.pdf	2019-10-22T11:40:50Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987817685.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022104415-20191022131915-00278.warc.gz	645,123,673	2,095	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.931818	eng_Latn	0.986155	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4373, 5505, 7967, 8017 ]
16 FRONT MOUNT THREE JAW SCROLL CHUCKS TOP REVERSIBLE JAWS For use with rotary tables and applications where back mounting chucks cannot be used. For use on 3 or 6 slot rotary tables, or on base plate for 4 and 8 slot rotary tables. Semi steel body Supplied with: Master jaw and top jaws T-Wrench Mounting screws PRINCIPAL SPECIFICATIONS \| SIZE \| MODEL \| WGT \| D \| D1 \| D2 \| D3 \| H \| H1 \| H2 \| h \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 5" \| F3053R \| 14 \| 5.118 \| 3.937 \| 4.528 \| 1.181 \| 3.828 \| 2.362 \| 2.445 \| 0.138 \| \| 6" \| F3063R \| 21 \| 6.299 \| 5.118 \| 5.591 \| 1.575 \| 4.291 \| 2.559 \| 2.795 \| 0.197 \| \| 8" \| F3083R \| 39 \| 7.874 \| 6.496 \| 7.087 \| 2.559 \| 4.803 \| 2.953 \| 3.15 \| 0.197 \| \| 10" \| F3103R \| 56 \| 9.843 \| 8.11 \| 8.898 \| 3.15 \| 5.354 \| 3.15 \| 3.385 \| 0.197 \| \| 12" \| F3123R \| 99 \| 12.795 \| 10.709 \| 11.654 \| 3.937 \| 6.673 \| 3.78 \| 4.154 \| 0.472 \| \| 15" \| F3153R \| 122 \| 14.961 \| 12.795 \| 13.78 \| 5.315 \| 6.752 \| 3.858 \| 4.232 \| 0.236 \| \| 16" \| F3163R \| 140 \| 15.748 \| 13.386 \| 14.488 \| 5.433 \| 6.772 \| 3.858 \| 4.252 \| 0.236 \| \| 20" \| F3203R \| 320 \| 19.685 \| 17.323 \| 18.307 \| 8.268 \| 7.953 \| 4.528 \| 4.961 \| 0.236 \| \| 25" \| F3253R \| 510 \| 24.803 \| 22.047 \| 23.425 \| 10.63 \| 8.582 \| 5.256 \| 5.59 \| 0.276 \| \| 32" \| F3323R \| 556 \| 31.496 \| 27.953 \| 29.921 \| 15.157 \| 9.843 \| 6.339 \| 6.693 \| 0.335 \| \| 40" \| F3403R \| 930 \| 39.37 \| 35.63 \| 37.402 \| 18.11 \| 10.906 \| 7.087 \| 7.483 \| 0.354 \| FRONT MOUNT OR REAR MOUNT THREE JAW SCROLL CHUCKS DOUBLE KEYWAY - TOP REVERSIBLE JAWS For use in heavy duty applications when extra strength is required. Supplied with: Master jaw and top jaws T-Wrench Mounting screws PRINCIPAL SPECIFICATIONS \| SIZE \| MODEL \| WGT \| D \| D1 \| D2 \| D3 \| H \| H1 \| h \| Z-d \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 6" \| DK-3063R \| 20 \| 6.299 \| 4.921 \| 5.512 \| 1.654 \| 4.173 \| 2.992 \| 0.197 \| 6-M10 \| \| 8" \| DK-3083R \| 33 \| 7.874 \| 6.496 \| 7.087 \| 2.559 \| 5.236 \| 3.386 \| 0.197 \| 6-M10 \| \| 10" \| DK-3103R \| 54 \| 9.843 \| 8.11 \| 8.898 \| 3.15 \| 5.276 \| 3.701 \| 0.197 \| 6-M12 \| \| 12.5" \| DK-3123R \| 96 \| 12.402 \| 10.236 \| 11.22 \| 3.937 \| 6.712 \| 4.173 \| 0.236 \| 6-M16 \| Must specify front mount or rear mount.	<urn:uuid:dedd7045-f2bc-4b5a-bc65-3ee93914706a>	CC-MAIN-2017-26	http://btcchuck.com/catalog/Catalog_Page_16.pdf	2017-06-24T22:23:34Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320362.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624221310-20170625001310-00649.warc.gz	55,142,062	1,086	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.945945	eng_Latn	0.945945	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2163 ]
Request 9591 – Industrial Air Pollution [I am writing on behalf of Groundsure to request details of LA-PPC and LA-IPPC processes regulated by South Cambridgeshire District Council under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2016. * We would like to request details of all A2 installations and Part B permits in your area, including the following information if available: your reference for the permit, the name and address of the permit holder, the address for which the permit is granted, the grid reference, the date of issue, the process undertaken, and the current status of the permit. An Excel or .csv file would be preferable, but we would be grateful for this information in whichever format is easiest for you to provide. * In addition, we would also like to request details of any enforcement notices issued relating to breaches of the terms of the above permits since 1st January 2016. Where none have been issued, we would be grateful if you could confirm as such. We also require details of any sites designated as contaminated land under Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. * We require the address, grid reference, and site boundaries for all sites within your area that have been designated under Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. If there are no such sites please could you confirm as such. * If possible, GIS data (shapefile or tab) would be preferable, or an Excel or .csv file but we would be grateful for this information in whichever format is easiest for you to provide.] Response Please see attached the public register for IPPC. We can confirm that no notices have been issued For information relating to your Contaminated Land request, please visit our Land Contamination webpages.	<urn:uuid:f4de8a93-ba8c-42c0-9653-1842109f7c81>	CC-MAIN-2022-21	https://www.scambs.gov.uk/media/18656/9591-industrial-air-pollution.pdf	2022-05-27T07:02:49+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-21/subset=warc/part-00013-bd7ecbba-8e15-4123-ae07-d9c98ad96845.c000.gz.parquet	1,119,558,932	368	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.994064	eng_Latn	0.994064	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1781 ]
The EHF is delighted to announce that as part of the inaugural EHF Grassroots Convention, running parallel to the Men’s EHF EURO 2024, sports teacher Horst Lutz, founder of Life Kinetik®, will be speaking about his fascinating training method using cognitive skills to develop people in sports. A former football coach, working with youth teams across Europe, such as Germany’s TSV 1860 München and Þrøttalægish Thór from Iceland, Lutz founded Life Kinetik® in 2007. Since then, he has implemented his Life Kinetik® programme with a wide range of top athletes across a wide range of sports, including the German national handball team, BV Borussia Dortmund, SC Freiburg, 1. FC Nürnberg, Straubing Tigers, German alpine Skiers such as Felix Neureuther, the Swiss ski jumping national team and biathlon world champion Simone Hauswald. What is Life Kinetik? Lutz explains, “Life Kinetik® is a combination of unusual movement tasks, all sorts of perception and cognitive skills. “The only target is to increase the connectivity of the brain cells. The more we have, the better we are. Everybody improves in a lot of different things like better concentration, fewer errors, stress reduction, higher recreation while sleeping, better visual perception.” Studies have shown that after Life Kinetik® training, sportsmen are able to perceive more details in less time, playing faster and with fewer errors. Participants have noted an increased quality of the decisions made, and decision speed improved by more than 30%. Another study in football showed that the goal shooting quality improved by more than 32%. Lutz believes similar result can be found in handball. Lutz explains how his training can be implemented, “There are different possibilities. It is enough to train 45 up to 60 minutes per week. We can train in one piece or divide it into five pieces, for example. Some trainers do it 10 minutes before the normal training begins and then the first 10 minutes of the warm-up. In this case they don’t lose time. Some use it in the warm-up before the match to be more concentrated. It is also possible to adapt the exercises to the specific sports, but this is not necessary. (Liverpool FC manager) Jürgen Klopp said that his players train enough football. They should see that there is something else.” The importance of Neurobiology in sports and, more importantly, in handball, cannot be stressed enough by Lutz, “In my eyes it is this part, with which we can develop the most. Nearly all players are conditionally in the same shape. They are technically all brilliant. Nutrition is nearly the same. There are small differences between the tactical ideas. But we can find more possibilities in the brain. When players learn to perceive more in less time and decide faster – and with higher quality - what to do next, they will improve their performance much more than with normal training.” “Life Kinetik® is as normal as athletic training. In the first three divisions in German football around 50 per cent of the teams have certified Life Kinetik® coaches. In nearly every ball sport they use Life Kinetik a lot, like basketball, hockey or ice hockey. But also in individual sports like pistol shooting, skiing, ski jumping, tennis, athletics sports and so on. I really have no idea where it is in action at the moment. It depends on the head coaches of the teams and their philosophy,” adds Lutz, or who is using Life Kinetik® at the moment. He also notes how Life Kinetik® has big admirers all the principle of the football world: “Jürgen Klopp loves Life Kinetik® and he is really convinced that Borussia Dortmund were the best World Cup team now also through the help of Life Kinetik®. But he thinks that the players need to relax their brain the day before and after a match. That is his opinion which makes it very hard to find dates for a 60-minute training. But he forced me to educate the trainers of the youth teams in Liverpool, because they have enough time to use it. On the other side, I talked with a lot of scientists, and they think that it would be a perfect training in the regeneration training the day after the match.” The EHF Grassroots Convention will be the first of its kind and Lutz shares his reasons for why everyone should attend on Sunday 14 January 2024 from 09:00 until 16:00 CET at the TU Munich. “The Grassroots Convention is a possibility to exchange experiences, because it is easy to get in touch with others. There are a lot of specialists who can develop people and it is great to meet people with the same interests - that gives a good spirit.”	014168ac-2b1e-433a-a2ae-a3057f0f19dc	CC-MAIN-2024-10	https://lifekinetik.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/12-23EHFGrassrootsConvention.pdf	2024-02-22T12:04:40+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-10/subset=warc/part-00222-d9675c6d-5c8d-45bb-9c98-c56e42022a4d.c000.gz.parquet	381,934,308	999	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998129	eng_Latn	0.998129	[ "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 4602 ]
-Notary Verification of Citizenship 2016-17 This form is for the collection of DHS or other U.S. citizenship/nationality documents from students unable to present their documents in person. I certify that I, ______________________________________________________________________, am the individual (Print student's full name) signing this statement, and I am providing a copy of my documents along with a copy of a valid government-issued photo identification card bearing my portrait (or likeness). I certify that the attached documents and government issued photo identification are the true, exact, and complete copies of the originals issued to me. List of document(s): NAME OF VALID PHOTO ID EXPIRATION DATE OF VALID PHOTO ID ISSUING AUTHORITY OF VALID PHOTO ID NAME OF CITIZENSHIP AND/OR IMMIGRATION DOCUMENT(S) EXPIRATION DATE (IF ANY) OF CITIZENSHIP AND/OR IMMIGRATION DOCUMENT(S) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ (Signature of Student) (Dawg Tag Number) _________________________________________ Date Notary's Certificate of Acknowledgement State of ________________________________________________________________________ City/County of ___________________________________________________________________ On_____________________, before me, ____________________________________________, (Date) (Notary's name) personally appeared, ____________________________________________, and provided to me (Printed name of signer) on basis of satisfactory evidence of identification _______________________________________ (Type of government-issued photo ID provided) to be the above-named person who signed the foregoing instrument. WITNESS my hand and official seal (seal) ________________________________________ (Notary signature) My commission expires on _________________________ (Date)	<urn:uuid:3c88a7b7-27c7-4fca-b1e4-178e5706059d>	CC-MAIN-2018-22	https://fao.siu.edu/_common/documents/2016-2017forms/17027dbmatchcit.pdf	2018-05-24T21:11:20Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866870.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524205512-20180524225512-00122.warc.gz	552,239,514	331	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.983806	eng_Latn	0.983806	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1978 ]
Understanding the potential role of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in managing patients with gonorrhoea: A systematic review of WGS use on human pathogens in individual patient care Roeann Osman\textsuperscript{a,b,}, Emily Dema\textsuperscript{a}, Alexandra David\textsuperscript{a}, Gwenda Hughes\textsuperscript{c}, Nigel Field\textsuperscript{a}, Michelle Cole\textsuperscript{d}, Xavier Didelot\textsuperscript{e,f}, John Saunders\textsuperscript{a,b,d} \textsuperscript{a}Institute for Global Health, University College London (UCL), Mortimer Market Centre, London WC1E 6JB, United Kingdom \textsuperscript{b}National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom \textsuperscript{c}Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, London School of Hygiene \& Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom \textsuperscript{d}UK Health Security Agency (UK HSA), 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom \textsuperscript{e}School of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom \textsuperscript{f}National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Genomics and Enabling Data at Warwick University, United Kingdom \textbf{Article history:} Accepted 20 April 2024 Available online 24 April 2024 \textbf{Keywords:} Systematic review Whole genome sequencing Clinical management Sexually transmitted infections Gonorrhoea Tuberculosis Clinical decision-making \textbf{Summary} \textbf{Objectives:} The utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) to inform sexually transmitted infection (STI) patient management is unclear. Timely WGS data might support clinical management of STIs by characterising epidemiological links and antimicrobial resistance profiles. We conducted a systematic review of clinical application of WGS to any human pathogen that may be transposable to gonorrhoea. \textbf{Methods:} We searched six databases for articles published between 01/01/2010–06/02/2023 that reported on real/near real-time human pathogen WGS to inform clinical intervention. All article types from all settings were included. Findings were analysed using narrative synthesis. \textbf{Results:} We identified 12,179 articles, of which eight reported applications to inform tuberculosis ($n = 7$) and gonorrhoea ($n = 1$) clinical patient management. WGS data were successfully used as an adjunct to clinical and epidemiological data to enhance contact-tracing ($n = 2$), inform antimicrobial therapy ($n = 5$) and identify cross-contamination ($n = 1$). WGS identified gonorrhoea transmission chains that were not established via partner notification. Future applications could include insights into pathogen exposure detected within sexual networks for targeted patient management. \textbf{Conclusions:} While there was some evidence of WGS use to provide individualised tuberculosis and gonorrhoea treatment, the eight identified studies contained few participants. Future research should focus on testing WGS intervention effectiveness and examining ethical considerations of STI WGS use. © 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). \textbf{Introduction} Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as gonorrhoea, represent a significant public health concern, given their profound impact on sexual and reproductive health. According to the World Health Organization, there are over one million STIs acquired daily.\textsuperscript{1} In 2020, an estimated 82.4 million gonococcal infections were acquired annually.\textsuperscript{2} STI control and mitigation of harm relies on multifaceted approach: successful prevention strategies, timely detection, and appropriate management of detected cases. Therefore, the integration of new technologies could provide an opportunity to supplement existing endeavours to curb STI-related harm. The technologies available to sequence pathogen genomes such as STIs have evolved rapidly over recent years to become quicker and more affordable.\textsuperscript{3} Next generation sequencing now allows nearly complete sequencing of the genome, i.e., whole genome sequencing (WGS), which can be used to compare genetic variation over time and to identify different strains within a population. Together with time, person and place data, the degree of genetic similarity can be used to reveal epidemiological dynamics. The use of bioinformatics pipelines facilitates the analytical process and interpretation of sequencing data. However, translation of complex WGS results into... meaningful and actionable insights necessitates clear reporting and communication strategies. This ensures that findings are accessible to diverse stakeholders who may not possess bioinformatical expertise. WGS applications for STIs include monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and surveillance and outbreak investigation.\textsuperscript{4–7} As such, WGS has greatly improved understanding of STI networks and has been used successfully to enhance surveillance for gonorrhoea, shigella and syphilis. WGS has also provided insights into gonorrhoea transmission within high-risk sexual networks\textsuperscript{8,9,13–15} and genotype-phenotype relationships,\textsuperscript{16} including AMR prediction.\textsuperscript{17} However, most of these applications occur retrospectively or with a significant time-lag such that results cannot be used for direct patient management. A systematic scoping review that explored applications of WGS to bacterial pathogens to support public health functions, such as AMR surveillance and outbreak detection, between 2015–2018\textsuperscript{18} identified two articles reporting STI applications. WGS has also been used to inform real-time outbreak management,\textsuperscript{19–22} although, none of these were for STIs. It is unclear whether WGS can inform real-time clinical risk assessment and patient management during STI-related care episodes, such as tailoring interventions or treatment, or whether this would add value over existing standards of care. We conducted a systematic review to identify how WGS has been used to inform patient management and care for human pathogens. Our search encompassed all pathogens rather than restricting to STIs, to allow us to survey practice in other fields that may be relevant to the care and management of individuals with gonorrhoea. Methods* A systematic literature review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.\textsuperscript{23} The protocol was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021285498). Search strategy and selection criteria We systematically searched six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library) to identify full text English articles published between 01/01/2010 and 06/02/2023 that reported on use of real- or near real-time human pathogen WGS as a clinical intervention. Real- or near real-time was defined as occurring where WGS directly affected clinical decision making, for example treatment and management. In light of the challenges in defining real-time and near real-time, which, depending on the infection, could span days (e.g., gonorrhoea) to months (e.g., tuberculosis), this was considered according to the pathogen and associated diagnosis and treatment durations. A start year of 2010 was selected to precede WGS use for surveillance purposes in the UK and USA.\textsuperscript{24,25} No geographical restrictions were applied, and qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method articles reporting empirical research were included alongside case studies. Three broad concepts were used to construct the search strategy: “whole genome sequencing”, “healthcare settings”, and “applications of whole genome sequencing” (\textit{Supp. Table A}). The search strategy was developed iteratively and was refined for each database using a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), subject headings and free text searches. Published conference abstracts from The International Society for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research, The International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections, British Association for Sexual Health and HIV and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases were also screened. References of included articles were hand searched. All identified references were imported into EndNote 20 and deduplicated. Deduplicated references were imported into Rayyan\textsuperscript{26} to facilitate and streamline the review process. Screening and data extraction The first reviewer (RO) screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts of articles. Authors of articles of interest were contacted to check whether additional detail could be provided prior to their inclusion. Two second reviewers (ED and AD) screened 15% of all articles during the screening process and the results were compared between reviewers to assess agreement. Data was extracted by the first reviewer. ED independently extracted information from 50% of included articles to assess extraction accuracy and minimise reviewer bias. Strategy for data synthesis Findings were analysed using narrative synthesis.\textsuperscript{27} Assessment of methodological quality The first reviewer assessed the quality of all included articles. AD independently assessed the quality of 50% of included articles to assess reviewer accuracy and minimise reviewer bias. Original research articles were assessed for completeness of reporting against the strengthening the reporting of molecular epidemiology for infectious diseases (STROME-ID) framework checklist for reporting of infectious-disease molecular data in epidemiological research.\textsuperscript{28} This tool was not applied to the case reports. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklists for studies reporting prevalence data and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports were used to assess study quality of research articles and case reports, respectively.\textsuperscript{29} Results A total of 12,179 articles were identified, and 6755 remained following de-duplication. Full-text review was conducted for 231 articles, leading to eight meeting eligibility for inclusion (Fig. 1). Agreement between the first and second reviewers was high ($k = 0.96$). Reasons for exclusion included that articles were surveillance or outbreak studies, included outcomes that were not relevant to the research question, were animal studies, or explored pathogen biological mechanisms (\textit{Supp. Tables B and C}). Eight quantitative articles reported real- or near real-time applications to inform \textit{Mycobacterium tuberculosis} (MTB) ($n = 7$) and \textit{Neisseria gonorrhoeae} (NG) ($n = 1$) clinical management (Table 1). Six articles\textsuperscript{30–35} were cross-sectional studies, and two\textsuperscript{6,37} were case reports. Publication dates ranged from 2015 to 2022, with the fieldwork or data collection conducted between 2008 to 2020 (one article did not report this\textsuperscript{37}). Six studies\textsuperscript{30,31,33,35–37} were conducted in hospital settings, of which one\textsuperscript{30} involved community recruitment, one study\textsuperscript{32} was in a specialist sexual health clinic, and no setting was reported for one study.\textsuperscript{34} All studies were conducted in high-income countries; five\textsuperscript{30,32,34,35,37} in the UK, one each in France,\textsuperscript{31} South Korea\textsuperscript{33} and the USA.\textsuperscript{36} Sample sizes ranged from case studies of one participant to a study of 377 participants. Two articles\textsuperscript{31,34} reported financial costs associated with WGS. All articles used WGS data as an adjunct to clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological data for clinical applications. These included: antimicrobial susceptibility testing ($n = 6$) which was used to inform MTB treatment choices, contact-tracing ($n = 2$) which was used to confirm or disprove suspected transmission links for MTB and NG, or identifying cross-contamination ($n = 1$) which was used to distinguish between true and false positive MTB cases. Reporting completeness Incomplete study reporting may impact subsequent interpretation and inference of study findings. Regarding STROME-ID, no articles fully reported according to the checklist items (Supp. Table D & Supp. Text A). Most articles fully reported sequencing and bioinformatic pipelines used (Supp. Table E & Supp. Text B). Study quality The study design, quality methodology and the sampling used for specimen collection may affect reliability of article findings, generalisability, and subsequent interpretation. Regarding the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists (Supp. Tables F and G), study design limitations were mainly due to potential selection bias, missing data, and small sample sizes ($n = 1–377$). Most articles used convenience sampling from a single clinic or hospital setting. Overall, none of the articles sought to examine the effectiveness or cost effectiveness of a WGS intervention. Contact tracing Two articles reported using WGS to assist with contact tracing or partner notification (PN) efforts.\textsuperscript{30,32} Kong et al. piloted WGS to test feasibility of providing enhanced PN for individuals diagnosed with gonorrhoea in sexual health clinics.\textsuperscript{32} The authors reported that WGS was used to identify cases with plausible direct (sampled individual to sampled individual) or indirect (via one or more intermediate unsampled individuals) transmission partners that were not identified using traditional PN. The authors theorised that either partner details were unknown by index cases, or they were reluctant to divulge identities. Similarly, Arnold et al. reported that traditional contact-tracing failed to identify two cases of extensively resistant TB, however, these were detected two years after the index case via WGS.\textsuperscript{30} WGS results were consistent with transmission having occurred between the index and contact cases, which led to clinicians continuing treatment for drug resistant infections. Epidemiological contact-tracing, although an effective infection control tool, is known to possess limitations such as being prone to reporter bias. Both articles demonstrated the effectiveness of WGS in identifying putative transmission links between sequenced isolates in a clinically relevant time frame. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Six articles (four primary research studies; two case reports) reported use of WGS to determine antimicrobial susceptibility.\textsuperscript{30,31,34–37} The purpose of use and the timeliness of WGS data varied across these articles. Several studies reported that WGS results were available faster than phenotypic drugs susceptibility testing (pDST) results for TB,\textsuperscript{30,34,35,37} and WGS was used following pDST to resolve possible erroneous results associated with testing for susceptibility to particular TB drugs, or to validate pDST findings by confirming drug susceptibility results.\textsuperscript{31,35,36} Arnold et al. used WGS to confirm genetic similarity of two isolates to a previous TB case where the drug susceptibility was known, which allowed for prompt treatment with appropriate therapy.\textsuperscript{30} WGS results were available 21 to 50 days earlier than pDST results; it was not reported whether pDST results confirmed genotypic findings. Similarly, Pankhurst et al. reported that WGS results were used \| Author \| Pathogen & application \| Aim \| Study year \| Study design, population, & study setting \| Sample size & sampling strategy \| Findings \| Timeliness \| WCS successes & challenges \| Visualisation, communication, & reporting \| \|-----------------\|------------------------\|----------------------------------------------------------------------\|------------\|-------------------------------------------\|-------------------------------\|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|------------\|---------------------------\|------------------------------------------\| \| Arnold et al. \| MTB \| Describe a contact tracing investigation for an adult with resistant XDR-TB and inform TB detection & contact-tracing treatment \| 2013 (index case identified) – 2015 \| Cross-sectional contact tracing investigation. Identified people with TB who had resistance mutations in the pab5 gene and follow-up of their household, social and work contacts. Hospital and community follow-up to assess risk of transmission. \| One acute index case led to 35 contacts being screened. Sputum and pleural samples of those, social and work contacts identified through contact tracing. \| Two patients presented two years after the index case and WCS results indicated direct or indirect transmission despite weak epidemiological links to the index case. WCS were available prior to second-line pDST results, which led to prompt TB drug treatment decisions. \| WCS results were available 21–50 days before second-line pDST results. \| Superior discriminating power compared to other commonly used typing methods; Real-time use informed prompt treatment decisions. \| Not reported \| \| Genestet et al. \| MTB \| Performance of WCS in predicting Mtb DST compared to pDST and LPA \| 2016 – 2019 \| Cross-sectional TB patients in routine care (pulmonary and extrapulmonary isolates). Lyon University Hospital (Lyon, France), \| 250 patients with 274 isolates. Prospective sampling of routine samples. \| Nearly 100% agreement between WCS and pDST. Replacing LPA to predict susceptibility profile for 4 first line TB drugs. \| Not reported \| WCS had high sensitivity. WCS ruled out false-positive PZA resistance, which is a problem with pDST. Replacing LPA pDST with WCS would be less costly. \| Not reported \| \| Kong et al. \| NG \| Use WCS to measure performance of PN and improve control of NC infections \| 2016 – 2018 \| Cross-sectional Patients with NG attending a SH clinic Leeds Sexual Health Clinic (Leeds, UK). \| 377 cases, and 380 isolates. Consecutive sampling of patients with NG. \| PN identified 18% (69/380) of potential transmission partners. Concordant PN and WCS links were identified in 47 partner pairs. Of 308 cases with no transmission partner by PN, 60% (185/308) had a case within 6 SNPs or less. WCS enabled identification of linked gonorrhoea cases that could not be verified through PN. This could facilitate appropriate and targeted management for WCS-identified partners. Future applications could also include directing interventions to key gaps in partner finding. \| 319 (84%) isolates were sequenced within 14 days. 246 (65%) had sequences successfully generated within 14 days of sample receipt. \| Shows feasibility of sequencing in SH clinic. As majority of isolates were sequenced with reports generated within 14 days of sample reception. WCS could facilitate outreach to groups in emerging transmission chains (e.g., sex workers). The SNP threshold selected was arbitrary. Ethical issues around consent and deductive disclosure. \| Isolate reports contained a sample identifier, sequencing quality, and networks within 6 SNPs for direct transmission events. \| (continued on next page) \| Author \| Pathogen & application \| Aim \| Study year \| Study design, population, & study setting \| Sample size & sampling strategy \| Findings \| Timeliness \| WCS successes & challenges \| Visualisation, communication, & reporting \| \|-----------------\|------------------------\|----------------------------------------------------------------------\|------------\|-------------------------------------------\|-------------------------------\|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|------------\|---------------------------\|------------------------------------------\| \| Oh et al. \| MTB \| Use WCS and clinical information to distinguish true positives from lab cross contamination for a suspected nosocomial TB outbreak \| 2020 \| Cross-sectional Pre-XDR TB patients suspected of being part of a TB outbreak. Korea University Ansan Hospital Seoul, South Korea. \| 6 cases; 7 isolates. Sputum samples of suspected TB patients. \| WCS aided in ruling out a TB outbreak, revealing it to be a case of laboratory cross-contamination. By combining WCS results and clinical findings, authors concluded that the strains isolated from the second to fifth patients were contaminated with the strain infecting the first patient, and the sixth patient was another real TB patient infected with a different strain. Identical isolate pairs must not be confirmed as a case of recent transmission without supporting epidemiological and clinical information. \| Not reported \| Used SNP analysis with WCS to determine drug resistance and facilitate rapid drug decision making. WCS results ruled out a hospital outbreak. \| Not reported \| \| Penthurst et al.\| MTB \| Use WCS data to expedite treatment selection for susceptibility testing resistant detection \| 2014 \| Cross-sectional Sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. UK. \| 2 cases; 2 isolates. Not reported \| WCS allowed patients to be treated promptly and appropriately. Two patients were linked to a previously sequenced drug-resistant TB case from 2010. Subsequent investigation showed that both patients originated from the same European country as the case. \| 24 days for case 1. Not reported for case 2. \| WCS results provided the first diagnosis and outbreak alert for drug-resistant TB. \| Not reported \| \| Witney et al. \| MTB \| Use WCS in a clinical setting to inform treatment and evaluate practical issues \| 2008 – 2014 \| Cross-sectional Patients with suspected YDM-TB St George’s Teaching Hospital (London, UK). \| 6 cases; 16 isolates. Spuunal non-sputum samples from suspected TB patients. \| Authors reported WCS detected resistance mutations associated with AMR concordant with pDST results with prior pDST results increased confidence in the clinical decision. WCS results can provide pDST results several weeks earlier than full pDST. The implementation of WCS involved a team with clinical microbiology and genomics expertise. \| Authors reported for 5 patients were delivered in a “clinically relevant timeframe”. \| WCS results generally demonstrated concordance with pDST results. Where results were discordant, these isolates predicted resistance profiles, were often associated with TB drugs that have known issues with pDST. This article demonstrated a useful case study for the application of WCS. Discrepancies occurred between pDST and WCS. \| Short report prepared for clinical colleagues included a summary of isolates, predicted resistance profiles, compared to isolates compared to others in the hospital. \| to confirm the genetic similarity of two isolates to a previously identified drug-resistant TB case.\textsuperscript{34} WGS results at 24 days from diagnosis for drug susceptibility diagnostics indicated multi-drug resistance to first line therapies, which prompted additional testing and enabled initiation of appropriate therapy. Genotypic resistance predictions were later confirmed by pDST at an unreported date. Hopmeier et al. reported that WGS could be used to improve prediction of drug resistance for TB isolates with a negative result from a rifampicin resistance nucleic acid amplification test (NAAIT), a test used to detect markers of drug resistance.\textsuperscript{27} WGS results were available 22 days after diagnosis which resulted in clinicians selecting different TB management; resistance to first-line TB drugs was later confirmed using pDST at an unreported date. Witney et al. reported WGS results for suspected extended drug-resistant TB isolates.\textsuperscript{25} Early WGS results did not detect resistance genes which enabled treatment to be initiated earlier than the availability of pDST results. Subsequent pDST fundings later confirmed genotypic results at an undisclosed date. Compared to standard culture and drug sensitivity diagnostics, WGS results allowed more rapid and targeted treatment of TB cases, where availability of genotypic drug susceptibility results ranged from 21 to 50 days prior pDST. On the other hand, Genestet et al. reported use of WGS in ruling out false positive resistance to specific TB drugs which can occur with pDST.\textsuperscript{21} WGS was to validate all pDST findings and informed clinical management through change to regimen where WGS results indicated genotypic resistance or susceptibility. Realegeno et al. reported use of WGS results to resolve discrepant findings in pDST between blood and sputum isolates: WGS results successfully predicted susceptibility to first-line therapies.\textsuperscript{36} WGS data resulted in a change to clinical management via a simplified drug regimen. Witney et al. also reported that WGS results were compared to pDST findings where resistance or susceptibility was detected.\textsuperscript{25} Studies commented on discordant results between pDST and WGS results.\textsuperscript{31,35} In some cases, WGS results did not detect mutations in genes responsible for resistance, where pDST results suggested resistance was, which might be due to errors in pDST, culture specimens containing heterogeneous populations, unknown mutations causing resistance observed with pDST, or new mutations evolving. Identifying cross-contamination Oh et al. reported use of WGS to identify laboratory cross-contamination of TB specimens to distinguish between true and false positive TB cases in a suspected outbreak involving inpatient and outpatient hospital attendees.\textsuperscript{13} Clinical, epidemiological, and pDST results were combined with WGS data to differentiate laboratory contamination from true infection. The authors reported that WGS results differed to pDST, and standard culture findings later confirmed that these patients were not infected with TB. Four patients’ samples were contaminated by a true positive due to testing in the same laboratory. The authors reported that these findings prevented delays in treating a TB case and avoided uninfected individuals being exposed to TB therapy unnecessarily. Communication of WGS results Three articles\textsuperscript{32,34,35} published example reports displaying WGS results for clinicians (Fig. 2). Witney et al. provided results based on identified mutations and phenotypic implications.\textsuperscript{25} Kong et al. issued a report containing all clustering gonococcal sequences within a 20 SNP-threshold from the last three months indicating possible transmission sources for the sequenced case.\textsuperscript{32} Pankhurst et al. published a WGS drug susceptibility report.\textsuperscript{34} No articles discussed how WGS results might be reported to patients. --- Table 1 (continued) \| Author \| Pathogen & application \| Aim \| Study year \| Study design, population, & study setting \| Sample size & sampling strategy \| Findings \| Timeliness \| WCS successes & challenges \| Visualisation, communication, & reporting \| \|-----------------\|------------------------\|----------------------------------------------------------------------\|------------\|-------------------------------------------\|-------------------------------\|--------------------------------------------------------------------------\|------------\|---------------------------\|------------------------------------------\| \| Realegno et al. \| MTB \| Use WGS to resolve discordant results following two separate drug susceptibility tests \| Not reported \| Case report. Cancer patient with disseminated TB. Unknown hospital (Los Angeles, USA). \| 1 case, 2 isolates. Not applicable \| WGS predicted susceptibility despite evidence of drug resistance from a previous drug susceptibility test. \| Not reported \| WGS predicted evidence of drug resistance in TB isolate resulting in a change in management. \| Not reported \| \| Hopmeier et al. \| MTB \| Investigated whether mutations in the rpoB gene can predict fully susceptible TB \| 2020 \| Case report. Smear-positive pulmonary TB patient. Royal London Hospital (London, UK). \| 1 case, 2 isolates. Not applicable \| WGS predicted TB drug resistance to rifampicin despite a negative result from a rifampicin susceptibility testing NAAIT. \| WGS results were available after 22 days following diagnosis. Resistance was later confirmed following pDST at later date (not reported). \| Not reported \| Not reported \| Abbreviations: MTB: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; XDR-TB: extensively drug resistant tuberculosis; TB: tuberculosis; UK: United Kingdom; WCS: whole genome sequencing; pDST: phenotypic drug susceptibility testing; DST: drug susceptibility testing; LPA: line probe assay; PZA: pyrazinamide; NC: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; PN: partner notification; SH: sexual health; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; AMR: antimicrobial resistance; USA: United States of America; NAAIT: nucleic acid amplification test. Discussion In this systematic review we found very little published evidence on how WGS has been used to inform real- or near-real time clinical management of patients. Eight articles reported use of WGS results alongside clinical and epidemiological data to inform TB and gonorrhoea case-management through contact-tracing, identifying cross-contamination or antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Most of the papers identified (n = 7) used WGS in the context of TB, which has several important biological characteristics that make WGS a potentially useful tool for clinical applications. First, MTB cannot acquire genetic material horizontally and is considered a strictly clonal species, which means that related isolates contain a high proportion of identical nucleotides.\textsuperscript{36} Second, MTB possesses a limited accessory genome content and slow-mutation rate, which means that the degree of variation between related isolates is small.\textsuperscript{48} Third, culture and thus traditional phenotypic testing can take up to 60 days, which leaves clinicians with the choice to delay treatment, use empirical treatment (aided by NAAT testing for rifampicin resistance), or start second line therapies in the case that the index case has a drug resistance infection. In contrast, WGS can be conducted after just a few weeks of growth in culture. Taken together, this means WGS-based prediction of antimicrobial susceptibility works well and can be used to expedite treatment decision-making by reducing the time needed to decide about treatment. Infection control for TB and STIs both use PN or contact tracing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and so instances where WGS applications are used for TB may be relevant to inform decisions about uses in controlling STIs. The review findings demonstrated that WGS can successfully inform contact tracing for TB. However, diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for TB are typically much longer than for STIs. There are also differences in the severity and potentially life-threatening nature of TB infection when left untreated, which is not the case for most STIs, and treatment duration for TB is considerably longer (typically six to nine months), and sometimes causes significant adverse effects. Therefore, some caution is needed when applying learning from use of WGS for TB to STIs. Kong et al. reported use of WGS for patients with NG to enhance PN, where WGS was used to identify linked individuals who were not identified using traditional PN.\textsuperscript{32} Although WGS data were consistent with isolates being from individuals within the same sexual network, linked patients were already receiving gonorrhoea clinical management. One possible explanation is that index cases may have successfully notified their partners and not informed the clinic. Thus, WGS application may be used to close PN loops and avoid repeated contact of the index patient to enquire about PN efforts. The authors successfully demonstrated the feasibility of returning WGS results in a clinically relevant time frame, but WGS results did not ultimately change index or partner management. Future applications could therefore include insights into patient exposure to other pathogens that are more commonly detected within particular networks, or early detection of resistance mutations or absence of resistance markers to allow targeted gonorrhoea treatment. This could result in enhanced patient management using anonymous sexual network data which could facilitate prompt and appropriate management. However, the bacterial properties of NG pose challenges for interpretation of WGS data for several reasons. First, NG is a non-clonal species, which is highly competent at homologous recombination and acquiring genetic material via horizontal gene transfer from other Neisseria species.\textsuperscript{39,40} Recombination increases antigenic diversity and introduces more variation than would be expected from point mutation alone.\textsuperscript{41} Second, NG possesses mobile genetic elements containing repetitive regions, which complicates sequence assembly.\textsuperscript{42,43} Third, incomplete sampling of sexual networks due to some intermediate cases being unknown (i.e., not presenting to healthcare) means that reconstruction of these networks is done with incomplete information.\textsuperscript{44} Finally, NG can be difficult to culture in vitro, leading to a relatively high proportion of diagnoses where NAATs are positive but culture is negative (or not done). In the absence of culture independent sequencing, reliance on sequencing from cultured isolates is also likely to result in incomplete characterisation of sexual networks. Collectively, these challenges hinder interpretation of WGS data and their use in inferring transmission dynamics, which may have implications for clinical applications, such as contact tracing.\textsuperscript{1} To mitigate, alternative approaches, such as metagenomics and target enrichment to allow culture independent sequencing, could be used, although these approaches are currently more costly and technically more challenging. Target enrichment is currently the most viable option for other STIs that are extremely difficult to culture \textit{in vitro}, such as \textit{Treponema pallidum} and \textit{Mycoplasma genitalium}. There are already several examples of WGS data being used for STI surveillance purposes, but this review found only one example of WGS being employed in a clinic setting for individual patient use. Real-time WGS has the potential to inform treatment choice in a clinically relevant time frame, in the absence of rapid diagnostics. For example, gonorrhoea AMR is a major public health concern due to increased detection of isolates with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, WGS could be used to augment clinical decisions about antibiotic treatment for gonorrhoea, which might become more important given the shift towards culture-independent testing. However, using STI WGS to inform individual management by identifying possible transmission links between individuals raises ethical considerations due to the risk of deductive disclosure. The risk of deductive disclosure when communicating WGS results to patients’ is present, even when using anonymised data, and caution is therefore needed in how these results are communicated to ensure confidentiality.\textsuperscript{45} WGS use in this manner presents risks which must be addressed in study design and ethical protocols alongside applications in real life scenarios. The reviewed articles rarely discussed the ethical implications of using WGS results to inform individual care. One article\textsuperscript{32} considered the ethics of using WGS in clinical management of gonorrhoea, particularly about the absence of patient informed consent mechanisms and the potential for deductive disclosure of direct or indirect sexual partners. For example, WGS data might impact social relationships due to stigmatising findings, affect future engagement with sexual health services, or even result in criminal consequences to individuals if transmission can be demonstrated and might be deemed a criminal exposure to an infectious agent.\textsuperscript{46, 47} Thus, care must be taken to realise the possible harms from WGS findings and develop communication tools and ethical frameworks collaboratively with affected populations. In the field of human genetics, communication of WGS results to patients and clinicians has been considered in detail.\textsuperscript{48–50} Frameworks and policies have been developed in collaboration with stakeholders to maximise the knowledge, skills and behaviours required for disseminating and understanding genetic results. However, little research has examined how pathogen WGS results might be visualised and communicated to patients. This is important because interpretation of WGS data is complex and requires care, particularly where misreporting or misinterpreting WGS findings might occur with significant social consequences for patients and their partners. Despite inherent difference, the field of infectious diseases could glean insights from human genetics concerning the co-production of frameworks. Using WGS data to inform clinical management relies on high-quality sequencing and a representative reference dataset from which to infer genetic similarity. Indeed, the heterogeneity in methodologies within infectious disease genomics research can pose notable challenges. Currently, the absence of universally accepted gold standards exacerbates these challenges\textsuperscript{51}; nevertheless, various organisations, such as the Genomics Standards Consortium, have devised standards and guidelines for analysis and quality control when undertaking bacterial genomics research.\textsuperscript{52} Using standardised and quality-assured protocols throughout the process – sample collection and processing, library preparation, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis – can help minimise variability and ensure consistency across research and clinical studies. Moreover, integrating genomic data alongside clinical and epidemiological metadata, such as patient demographics and risk factors, can aid the interpretation of WGS data, for example, distinguishing true positive links from false positives. Furthermore, contextualising sequencing results within a broader representative dataset containing known reference sequences can mitigate WGS data interpretation errors. Reference databases and genomes can also facilitate the implementation of quality-assured pipelines, as well as collaboration and cross-study comparisons, thereby enhancing the reproducibility and reliability of WGS research findings.\textsuperscript{53, 54} The strengths of this systematic review were the robust and systematic methods employed for screening and appraising the literature. Combined MeSH and free text searches and piloting of the search strategy prior to conducting the main search helped to optimise the sensitivity and specificity of the search terms. The second reviewers independently screened the data to attenuate the impact of observer bias. Despite the comprehensive approach to the search strategy, some articles may have been missed. The search terms elected may not have captured all relevant articles which may have reduced the number that could have been potentially included. The second reviewers screened and reviewed a proportion of the data, which may minimise the robustness of findings and introduce bias. The effect of this impact was considered small due to the high-agreement with the second reviewers. A further limitation was the exclusion of non-English articles. Despite applying temporal limits to the search, it is unlikely that any articles published pre-2010 would have any relevance given the rapid advancement of WGS. Overall, study sample sizes were not large enough or designed to examine WGS as a clinical intervention. Additionally, included studies were either case reports or observational in design and likely to include sources of bias, caution should thus be exercised in interpreting and generalising findings. Conclusion Despite great promise suggested for WGS, there was little published literature on how WGS might be used to inform individual patient management for gonorrhoea. While there was some evidence of WGS informing TB treatment decisions, more research is needed on the potential role of WGS for gonorrhoea management. Future research should focus on testing the effectiveness of WGS interventions, as well as examining the ethical considerations of STI WGS use. Funding This work was funded by the National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom (Grant No. NIHR200911). CRediT authorship contribution statement RO, JS, GH, NF, MC, and XD conceptualised and designed the study. RO designed the search strategy. RO, ED, and AD contributed to the screening, data extraction and quality assessment. RO synthesised the data with help from JS, GH, NF, MC, and XD. All authors contributed to the interpretation of data. RO wrote the first draft of the paper, and all authors read, commented on, and approved the final manuscript. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Appendix A. Supporting information Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version at doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106168. References 1. World Health Organization. Sexually transmitted infections factsheet. Geneva: WHO; 2021. <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis). 2. World Health Organization. Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection); 2023. Accessed from: <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/gonorrhoea-(neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infection)#:%E2%88%BC;text=Gonorrhoea%20is%20preventable%20and%20new%20infections%20among%20adults%20globally>. 3. Loman NJ, Falgen MJ. Twenty years of bacterial genome sequencing. Nat Rev Microbiol 2015;13(12):787–94. 4. Abelman RL, M’ikanatha NM, Figler HM, Dudley EG. Use of whole genome sequencing in surveillance for antimicrobial-resistant Shigella sonnei infections acquired from domestic and international sources. Microb Genom 2019;5(5). 5. Chattaway MA, Greig DR, Gentle A, Hartman HB, Dallman TJ, Jenkins C. Whole-genome sequencing for national surveillance of Shigella flexneri. Front Microbiol 2017;8:1700. 6. Town K, Field N, Harris SR, Sánchez-Busó L, Cole MJ, Pitt R, et al. Phylogenomic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission to assess sexual mixing and HIV transmission risk in England: a cross-sectional, observational, whole-genome sequencing study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20(4):478–86. 7. Mitchell HD, Mikhail AFW, Painsit A, Dallman TJ, Jenkins C, Thomson NR, et al. Use of whole-genome sequencing to identify clusters of Shigella flexneri associated with sexual transmission in men who have sex with men in England: a validation study using linked behavioural data. Microb Genom 2019;5(11). 8. Buckley C, Forde BM, Trembizi E, Lahra MM, Beatson SA, Whaley DM. Use of whole genome sequencing to investigate an increase in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection among women in urban areas of Australia. Sci Rep 2018;8(1):1503. 9. De Silva D, Peters J, Cole MJ, Cole MP, Cresswell F, Dean G, et al. Whole-genome sequencing to determine transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 2016;16(7):e298–303. 10. Peng J-Y, Yin Y-P, Chen S-C, Yang J, Dai X-Q, Zheng H-P, et al. A whole-genome sequencing analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in China: an observational study. EClinicalMedicine 2019;7:47–54. 11. Golparian D, Unemo M. Now is the time to implement whole genome sequencing in the global antimicrobial resistance surveillance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae? EClinicalMedicine 2019;7:11–2. 12. Kwong JC, Chow EP, Stevens K, Stinear TP, Seemann T, Fairley CK, et al. Whole-genome sequencing reveals transmission of gonococcal antibiotic resistance among men who have sex with men: an observational study. Sex Transm Infect 2018;94(2):151–7. 13. Williamson DA, Chong EPP, Gorrie CL, Seemann T, Ingle DJ, Higgins N, et al. Bridging of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages across sexual networks in the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis era. Nat Commun 2019;10(1):13988. 14. Peters J, Cresswell F, Amor L, Cole K, Dean G, Didelot X, et al. Whole genome sequencing reveals transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae reveals transmission clusters involving patients of mixed HIV serostatus. Sex Transm Infect 2018;94(2):138–43. 15. Dave J, Paul J, Pasvol TJ, Williams A, Warburton F, Cole K, et al. Ethnically diverse urban transmission networks of Neisseria gonorrhoeae without evidence of HIV serostrat. Sex Transm Infect 2020;96(2):106–9. 16. Harris SR, Cole MJ, Peters J, Gámez M, Yeats L, Golparian D, Jacobsson S, et al. Public health surveillance of multidrug-resistant clones of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Europe: a genomic survey. Lancet Infect Dis 2018;18(7):758–68. 17. Sánchez-Busó L, Cole MJ, Spiteri G, Day M, Jacobsson S, Golparian D, et al. Europe-wide expansion and eradication of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages: a genomic surveillance study. Lancet Microbe 2022;3(6):e452–63. 18. Van Goethem N, Descamps T, Develeeschauwer B, Roosens NH, Boon NA, Van Oyen H, et al. Status and potential of bacterial genomics for public health practice: a scoping review. Implement Sci 2019;14(1):1–16. 19. Eyre DW, Goldschick T, Gordon N, Bowden J, Piazza P, Batty EM, et al. A pilot study of rapid whole-genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile for outbreak detection and surveillance. Open 2012;2(3):e001124. 20. Harris SR, Cartwright EJ, Török ME, Holden MT, Brown NM, Ogilvy-Stuart AL, et al. Whole-genome sequencing for analysis of an outbreak of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 2013;13(2):130–6. 21. McGann P, Bunin JL, Snesrud E, Singh S, Maybank R, Ong AC, et al. Real time application of whole genome sequencing for outbreak investigation—what is an achievable turnaround time? Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016;85(3):277–82. 22. Kwong JC, Lane CR, Romanes F, da Silva AG, Easton M, Cronin K, et al. Translating genomics into practice for real-time surveillance and response to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: evidence from a complex multi-institutional RPC outbreak. PeerJ 2018;6:e4210. 23. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 2009;6(7):e1000097. 24. Brown E, Dessai U, McGarry S, Gerner-Smidt P. Use of whole-genome sequencing for food safety and public health in the United States. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019;16(7):441–50. 25. Wylie DH, Davidson JA, Smith EG, Rathod P, Crook DW, Peto TE, et al. A quantitative evaluation of MIRU-VNTR typing against whole-genome sequencing for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission: a prospective observational cohort study. EBioMedicine 2018;34:122–30. 26. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2016;5(1):1–10. 27. McKenzie JE, B.S. Chapter 12: synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane; 2023. (www.training.cochrane.org/handbook). 28. Field N, Cohen T, Struelens MJ, Palm D, Cookson B, Glynn JR, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Molecular Epidemiology for Infectious Diseases (STROME-ID): an extension of the STROBE statement. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14(4):341–52. 29. Munn Z, Moola S, Lisy K, Rittano D, Tufanaru C. Systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence. Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer’s manual. Adelaide, South Australia: The Joanna Briggs Institute; 2017. p. 5.1–3. 30. Arnold A, Witney AA, Vergnano S, Roche A, Cosgrove CA, Houston A, et al. XDR-TB transmission genotyping: can management and contact tracing investigation assisted by early whole genome sequencing? J Infect 2016;73(3):210–8. 31. Genestet C, Hodlle E, Berland J, Ginevra C, Bryant JE, Ader F, et al. Whole-genome sequencing in drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in routine practice in Lyon, France. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;55(4):105912. 32. Kong LY, Wilson JD, Moura IB, Fawley W, Kelly L, Walker AS, et al. Utility of whole genome sequencing in assessing and enhancing partner notification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Sex Transm Dis 2021;48(10):773–80. 33. Oh JY, Park KH, Lee J, Kim D, Seok KH, Oh I-H, et al. Cross-contamination versus outbreak: pre-XDR mycobacterial strains confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Antibiotics 2021;10(3):297. 34. Panhurist Lj, del Olmo J, Votintseva AA, Walker TM, Cole K, Davies J, et al. Rapid, comprehensive and affordable mycobacterial diagnosis with whole-genome sequencing: a prospective study. Lancet Respir Med 2016;4(1):49–58. 35. Witney AA, Gould KA, Arnold A, Coleman D, Delgado R, Dhillon J, et al. Clinical application of whole-genome sequencing to inform treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases. J Clin Microbiol 2015;53(5):1473–83. 36. Realeggena S, Adeyiga O, Winston DJ, Beaird OE, Garner OB, Yang S. Utilization of whole genome sequencing for resolution of discrepant Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility results: a case report. IDCases 2021;26:e001308. 37. Hopmeier D, Lampejo T, Rycroft J, Tiberi S, Melzer M. The limitations of the Cepheid GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay in the clinical management of polyresistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Infect Pract 2020;7:8. 38. Eldholm V, Balloux F. Antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the odd one out. Trends Microbiol 2016;24(8):637–48. 39. Thomas JC, Joseph SJ, Cartee JC, Pham CD, Schimerer MW, Schlanger K, et al. Phylogenomic analysis reveals persistence of gonococcal strains with reduced-susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and mosaic penA-34. Nat Commun 2021;12(1):1–9. 40. O’Rourke M, Stevens E. Genetic structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae populations: a non-clonal paradigm. Microbiology 1993;139(11):2603–11. 41. Hamilton B, Dillard J. Natural transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: from DNA donation to homologous recombination. Mol Microbiol 2008;69(2):376–85. 42. Cebrian A, Lewis SB. Mobile genetic elements in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: movement for change. Pathog Dis 2017;75(6):fxw071. 43. Buckley C, Beatson SA, Linnios A, Lahra MM, Whaley DM, Forde BM. Whole-genome sequencing as an improved means of investigating Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment failures. Sex Health 2019;16(5):500–7. 44. Didelot X, Fraser C, Gardy J, Colijn C. Genomic infectious disease epidemiology in partially sampled and ongoing outbreaks. Mol Biol Evol 2017;34(4):997–1007. 45. Walker A, Bonham VL, Boyce A, Clayton EW, Garcia D, Johnson S, et al. Ethical issues in genomics and infectious diseases research: an interdisciplinary expert review. Ethics Med Public Health 2021;18:100684. 46. Metzker ML, Mitchell DP, Liu X-M, Ptak RG, Gibbs RA, Hills DM. Molecular evidence for HIV-1 transmission in a criminal case. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2002;99(22):14292–7. 47. Abeascia AB, Pingarillo M, Vandamme A-M. Phylogenetic analysis as a forensic tool in HIV transmission investigations. Aids 2018;32(5):543–54. 48. Mackley MP, Fletcher B, Parker M, Watkins H, Ormondroyd E. Stakeholder views on secondary findings in whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Genet Med 2017;19(3):283–93. 49. Brownstein CA, Beggs AH, Homer N, Merriman B, Yu TW, Flannery KC, et al. An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation, and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge. Genome Med 2014;15:1–18. 50. Rubanovich CK, Cheung C, Torkamani A, Bloss CS. Physician communication of genomic results in a diagnostic odyssey case series. Pediatrics 2019;143:S44–53. 51. Balloux F, Brynildsrud OB, Van Dorp L, Shaw LP, Hearn H, Harris KA, et al. From theory to practice: translating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) into the clinic. Trends Microbiol 2018;26(12):1035–48. 52. Field D, Sterk P, Kottmann R, De Smet JW, Amaral-Zettler L, Cochrane G, et al. Genomic standards consortium projects. Stand Genom Sci 2014;9:599–601. 53. Sánchez-Busó L, Yeats CA, Taylor B, Goater RJ, Underwood A, Abubakab H, et al. A community-driven resource for genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance prediction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at Pathogenwatch. Genome Med 2021;13:19. 54. Unemo M, Golparian D, Sánchez-Busó L, Grad Y, Jacobsson S, Obnishi M, et al. The novel 2016 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations: phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016;71(11):3096–108.	8d6d8a91-24d0-4f3d-86be-930b5876c727	CC-MAIN-2025-08	https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10191817/1/1-s2.0-S0163445324001026-main.pdf	2025-02-15T09:11:49+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2025-08/subset=warc/part-00125-b184e832-acd1-425a-bab7-895830f2748a.c000.gz.parquet	182,211,519	11,919	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.939924	eng_Latn	0.983278	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 4850, 12627, 16011, 20169, 24133, 30580, 36423, 43870, 55103 ]
RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM 2019 PROJECT APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS: 1. The Residential New Construction (RNC) program is available to customers building a home or significant rehabilitation project within the residential service territory of United Illuminating, Southern Connecticut Gas and Connecticut Natural Gas (collectively, "UIL"), subsidiaries of AVANGRID, Inc., and The Connecticut Light and Power Company and Yankee Gas Services Company, both doing business as Eversource Energy ("Eversource" and with UIL, "Utilities"). Customers are eligible to participate in the RNC Program only if Eversource or UIL is the electric service provider. To apply, the Applicant must first fill out the project contacts and project information below. Then, with guidance from the Applicant's hired Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Rater, review the section "HERS Rating Path" to determine the HERS tier for which the project will be eligible. A certified Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Rater must be contracted by the Applicant. A list of HERS Raters and a description of what is included in their services can be found within the Residential New Construction portion of EnergizeCT.com. 2. Please complete the INITIAL PLAN sections, sign the ACCEPTANCE OF AGREEMENT section on the PRIOR TO INSULATING THE HOME second page of this form, and submit to the applicable Utility indicated at the bottom of this page also send the completed application form to the applicable natural gas company Utility as indicated at the bottom of this page. If the Applicant is not the . If natural gas will be used as a heating source for the project, please homeowner, the homeowner's signature must also be obtained. If the homeowner is not yet known, the current property owner's signature is required. For multifamily/multi-unit projects, only one application is necessary for groups of units with similar characteristics. FILLING OUT THIS FORM DOES NOT AUTOMATICALLY QUALIFY YOU FOR THE RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM. 3. Upon submitting the application, the Utilities will review the application and sign it if the requirements have been met. If they have not or if additional upgrades can be made, the Utility will contact the Applicant to discuss all options. The Applicant is not bound to the initial specifications; however, any changes are still subject to the minimum requirements listed on this application. 4. Once the home is complete and a final inspection has been completed by a HERS Rater, the Applicant and HERS Rater are responsible for submitting the "As Built" required paperwork within two months of completion or the rebate will be forfeited. A HERS Rater may submit the Application on behalf of the Applicant. Once all paperwork has been submitted and the package has been reviewed by the Utility, the payment may be processed and paid TO THE APPLICANT by UIL and/or Eversource (Applicant might receive separate checks from each Utility). Please review the 2019 Residential New Construction Program Requirements and Submission Checklist document for a full listing of required documentation. Applicant's First Name (please print) Last name Applicant's Mailing Address City State Zip Telephone Email PROJECT CONTACTS Applicant's Company Name (if applicable) Name of HERS Rater Name of HERS Rating Company Builder Company Name Builder Contact Name Telephone Email PROJECT INFORMATION Electric Utility (check one) Natural Gas Utility (check one) n Eversourcen UI n CNGn SCGn Eversource Unit Type n Single Familyn Multifamily n Single Family Attached (side by side units only) Project Type n Market Raten Low Income (60% State Median Income) Renewables n Yes n No Project completed in phases? 2019 Unit Completions 2020 Unit Completions n Yes n No Project Name (if applicable) Project Location / Address & Town Construction Start Date Expected Completion Date Size of Home (sq. ft.) No. of Buildings in Project No. of Units in Project Primary Heating Source n Electricn Natural Gasn Oiln Propane Send your completed application to the following address(es) as it pertains to your residential electric and gas service territory: Eversource or 107 Selden Street, Berlin, CT 06037 Email: [email protected] Contact: Nicholas Jones Phone: (860) 665-5825, Fax: (860) 665-3030 United Illuminating, SCG, and CNG 60 Marsh Hill Road, M/S 3, Orange, CT 06477 Contact: Glen Eigo Email: [email protected] Phone: (203) 499-3127, Fax: (203) 499-2800 You may be eligible for federal tax credits. Please refer to www.energystar.gov for more information. 1 RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION REBATE PATHS Below is the rebate path for which the Connecticut Utilities will provide rebates on residential new construction or significant rehabilitation projects in order to participate, the Applicant, at their own expense, must hire the services of a HERS Rater to complete the necessary energy modeling inspections and testing of the home. A list of certified HERS Raters can be found at EnergizeCT.com Check the boxes below to indicate which track the home will follow and fill out the initial plan section: n HERS Rating Path n High Performance Certification Bonus Rebate INITIAL PLAN (BEFORE CONSTRUCTION) AS-BUILT (POST CONSTRUCTION) HERS Index (as Designed) HERS Index (as Built) Applicant Rebate $ Applicant Rebate $ BONUS INCENTIVES HIGH PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION BONUS REBATE High Performance Certification Rebate Chart * Please refer to the "2019 Residential New Construction Program Requirements and Submission Checklist" found on EnergizeCT.com. All program requirements must be met in order to qualify for Rebates. All homes in UIL and Eversource territory, heating with natural gas and electric are eligible for the full Rebate amounts listed. For oil and propane heated homes, the rebate amount will be reduced by 50%. * The Rebates for $50, $40, and $25 per point below are capped at a HERS zero and are only for homes that achieve a HERS 50 index before renewables are added to the project. Homes applying/qualified for Tier 2 and 3 HERS Rating must meet the 2019 Zero Energy Ready Home PV-Ready Checklist (Connecticut Version). Details are listed on the "2019 Residential New Construction Program Requirements and Submission Checklist". NOTE: RNC projects where residents meet state limited income eligibility requirements (60% state median income) will receive an additional 25% bonus rebate for all qualifying measures on this application. A signature by all parties indicates that the Applicant's information has been received and that the characteristics listed on the application either meet the RNC program's requirements for the specific rebates for which the Applicant is applying or have been discussed by the Utilities and Applicant. The initial signatures do not bind the Applicant to participate in the program. The signature by the property owner (if not the Applicant) ensures that he/she is aware that the builder, vendor, or other third party is participating in this rebate program and will receive the rebate payment should they meet the necessary criteria. He/she is also aware that a second application may not be submitted for the same property. This application expires 2 years from the date of approval by the Utility Program Administrator. ACCEPTANCE OF AGREEMENT Applicant Signature (required) Print Name Date Utility Signature (required) Print Name Date Homeowner(if not applicant) Signature(required) Print Name Date HERS Rater Signature (required) Print Name Date SIGN SIGN SIGN SIGN 2 TERMS AND CONDITIONS These Terms and Conditions are a part of the Project Application for the project listed on this application. Project Application must be submitted prior to completion of home. Necessary inspection may be conducted when measures have been installed. Applications must be signed by the Utilities regardless of the electrical and natural gas service territory the project will be located within. This Project Application is in effect for 2 years following the date of acceptance of the Project Application by Eversource/UIL. All homes must be completed and ready for inspection within 2 years of the date of acceptance to be eligible to receive any rebates on this application. Any homes not completed within 2 years of the date of acceptance by the Project Application by Eversource/UIL may be subject to changes in the program. Applicants in the Residential New Construction Program may not apply for any additional rebates through the Energize Connecticut (Energize CT) residential programs as part of the same home construction which include, but are not limited to, the Upstream HVAC/water heating instant discount program at participating equipment distributors and retailers statewide. Applicant understands that all funding for rebates under this program derives from the Energy Efficiency Fund which is managed, in part, by Eversource and UIL and funded, in part, by their customers. Neither Eversource nor UIL guarantees the availability of funding for this program and neither is responsible for any costs or damages incurred by applicant if funding for this program or the Energy Efficiency Fund is reduced or eliminated by the State of Connecticut, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority or other State of Connecticut action. Funding is subject to change at any time without notice. The Builder/Homeowner agrees to allow Eversource/UIL and its agents access to the project for the purpose of conducting a Project Inspection(s) to confirm the home(s) has/have been constructed with all of the energy-saving characteristics, materials, and equipment listed on the Project Agreement Form(s). All measures must be installed in order to qualify for rebate. The HERS Rater represents that the project meets all of the national requirements associated with RESNET ® approved HERS Rating or the respective certification (ENERGY STAR ® , LEED, Passive House, NGBS, DOE Zero Energy Ready) that the project is achieving. The HERS Rater represents that the information in the final REM ™ /Rate file is accurate to the As-built condition of the home. The HERS Rater for the project must be on the CT Residential New Construction Program list of Certified HERS Raters, or must be listed on the Energize CT or the utility company websites. If a HERS Rater submits information in the final REM ™ /Rate file that does not accurately represent the as-built conditions of the home, the RNC Program will remove the HERS rating company from the List of Certified HERS Raters in the RNC Program and the HERS rating company will no longer be able to perform HERS ratings through the RNC Program. Copies of all receipts with equipment make, model, and size documenting the installation of the equipment once the project is complete must be submitted. Equipment includes insulation, HVAC and geothermal machines, and hot water heaters. Rebates will not be paid until all appropriate paperwork has been submitted. In the case of HERS rated homes, an electronic REM™/Rate file and HERC must be submitted. Please see the "2019 Residential New Construction Program Requirements and Submission Checklist" for a full list of requirements. The payment of the rebates shown on the Project Application is contingent upon the home(s) being constructed with all of the energy saving characteristics, materials, and equipment listed in the "As Built" portion of the Project Application form(s). Rebates are subject to change at any time without notice. It is the responsibility of the applicant to select and pay the services for a certified HERS Rater. Eversource/UIL assumes that the signed applicant is the party to be paid, and therefore will make the check payable to him/her. Only one payment will be issued for qualifying rebate for a given unit. A W-9 form must be submitted at time of application indicating who the payment will be made out to. Builders/owners/vendors will not be permitted to apply separately for the same rebate. These rebates may not be combined with any other utility or energy service offer. FORWARD CAPACITY MARKET AND CLASS III CREDITS: ISO-NE CAPACITY PAYMENTS: By signing this document, and as a condition to receiving a rebate pursuant to this program, the customer acknowledges and agrees that any and all payments, benefits and/or credits associated with or applicable to the customer's participation in the program that is the subject of this Agreement in connection with the ISO New England, Inc. Forward Capacity Market ("FCM") or any existing, successor or replacement markets, (including, but not limited to, any and all transitional FCM credits or payments or any and all other capacity-related credits, payments and/or benefits for which such customer is eligible) shall be deemed as and for capacity payments, credits and/or benefits of Eversource Energy (Eversource) or United Illuminating (UI), as applicable. The customer hereby assigns to Eversource or UIL, as applicable, all of its right, title and interest in and to any and all such capacity payments, credits and/or benefits, and agrees to take any and all action, including executing and delivering any and all documentation and/or instruments, as requested by Eversource or UI, as applicable, to evidence the same. FCM means the market for procuring capacity pursuant to ISO-NE Tariff, FERC Electric Tariff No. 3, Section III, Market Rule 1, Section 13, any modifications to the FCM, or any successor or replacement market/capacity procurement process. Any Class III renewable energy credits and/or conservation credits received in connection with this program shall be retained by the Companies pursuant to the laws of the State of Connecticut and/or applicable PURA decision in effect as of the date hereof. Energize Connecticut – programs funded by a charge on customer energy bills.	<urn:uuid:80e669d9-abd8-4c59-aa29-3e79ac43bb76>	CC-MAIN-2021-31	https://energizect.com/file/2101/download?token=16MkHPAU	2021-07-28T16:46:54+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-31/subset=warc/part-00274-a23f1677-939c-4b0d-b187-713170151123.c000.gz.parquet	243,150,296	2,882	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.975972	eng_Latn	0.97963	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4651, 7660, 13965 ]
Chebyshev's noise spectroscopy for testing electrochemical systems B. Grafov, A. Klyuev, A. Davydov, V. Lukovtsev A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Received December 7, 2016 Revised January 11, 2017 The electrochemical noise spectroscopy based on the orthonormal Chebyshev's polynomials of discrete variable is presented. Chebyshev's noise spectroscopy has an important advantage. The majority of Chebyshev's spectral lines is stable with respect to a drift of electrochemical noise. This property of Chebyshev's noise spectroscopy is demonstrated by the examples of electrochemical corrosion noise and the noise of lithium primary power source. Chebyshev's noise spectroscopy can be used as a technique for non-destructive testing in various field of pure and applied electrochemistry including electrochemical energetics and electrochemical corrosion. Key words: electrochemical noise, Chebyshev's test spectroscopy. INTRODUCTION The electrochemical noise spectroscopy has great advantages [1-14]. Under the conditions of electrochemical noise spectroscopy, an electrochemical system is not subjected to any external electric impact. The internal state of electrochemical system does not change in the course of noise testing. The electrochemical noise spectroscopy has many areas of application, including the electrochemical corrosion processes and electrochemical energetics. of electrochemical noise signal is taken as a unit time. A random series ) (t y can be formed, for example, by using discrete measurements of open-circuit voltage of primary power source. A random time series ) (t y is divided into M segments } { ) (m t y . The number of segment m takes all integer numbers from 0 to 1 M inclusive. Each segment contains N samples. Index t (the sample number inside a segment) takes all integer numbers from 0 to 1 N In many cases, the analysis of noise data is complicated by a drift of electrochemical noise, which can considerably distort the noise spectra [15-20]. The aim of this work is to present the electrochemical noise spectroscopy based on orthonormal Chebyshev's polynomials of discrete variable [21, 22]. Chebyshev's spectroscopy has an important advantage. The majority of discrete lines of Chebyshev's noise spectrum are stable with respect to a drift of electrochemical noise [23, 24]. The stability of discrete lines of Chebyshev's noise spectrum is demonstrated by the examples of electrochemical corrosion noise and the noise of lithium primary power source at the open circuit. ALGORITHM OF DISCRETE CHEBYSHEV'S NOISE SPECTROSCOPY Let us consider a random time series ) (t y containing M N samples. A period of discretization To whom all correspondence should be sent: E-mail: [email protected], *[email protected] Let matrix t k P be a square N N matrix based on the system of orthonormal Chebyshev's polynomials of discrete variable t ( 1 , ,1,0 N t ). The subscript k of matrix t k P indicates a degree of Chebyshev's discrete polynomial ( 1 , ,1,0 N k ). The information on the properties of Chebyshev's polynomials of discrete variable is available from [21, 22]. The matrix product of the matrix t k P by a random vector ) (m t y forms a set of random vectors } { m t t k y P : To each segment with number m, its own random vector m t t k y P corresponds. To obtain a discrete Chebyshev's spectrum ) 2 ( k Y , a square of random vector (1) should be averaged over the entire set of segments: The sample intensity ) 2 ( k Y of any spectral line k of Chebyshev's spectrum was calculated by equation (2). In our experiments, the total number of samples N M did not exceed 18 2 and the segment length N did not exceed 16. The choice of relatively small values of N enabled us to obtain discrete Chebyshev's spectra (2), ) 2 ( k Y , with a high degree of averaging. Fig. 1 shows the discrete Chebyshev's polynomial of the 15 th degree, when 16 N . It is seen that the discrete Chebyshev's polynomials serve as a window [25, 26]. A modulus of the Chebyshev's polynomial in the center of segment has the largest value. STABILITY OF DISCRETE CHEBYSHEV'S SPECTRUM WITH RESPECT TO A DRIFT OF CORROSION NOISE Figure 2 (curve A) shows a discrete realization of electrochemical corrosion noise. The discretization frequency was 45.5 Hz. The noise signal was measured with an IPC-Pro MF potentiostat (Russia). The realization of electrochemical corrosion noise contained samples. ) (t yC 15 2 Fig. 2. (A) Electrochemical corrosion noise of a couple of identical NiMo16Cr15W electrodes yc(t) and (B) the same noise with added artificial drift yc(t) + yc (d)(t). To check the stability of intensity of Chebyshev's spectral lines with respect to a drift of electrochemical noise, an artificial drift signal ) ( ) ( t y d C was added to the realization ) (t yC : where bC = -2 V and 15 2 C . Figure 2 (curve B) shows the total signal ) ( ) ( ) ( t y t y d C C , (the realization plus an artificial drift). Figure 3 (A) shows the discrete Chebyshev's spectrum ) 2 ( k Y of corrosion noise signal ) (t yC calculated by equation (2) ( 8 N ). Curve B (Fig. 3) shows the discrete Chebyshev's spectrum of the total signal ) ( ) ( ) ( t y t y d C C . It is seen that the dependences A and B (Fig. 3) almost coincide at all spectral lines except for lines 0 k and 1 k . When an artificial trend (3) is added, the intensity of the first spectral line of Chebyshev's spectrum increased by 35 times. It is seen that the intensity of high spectral lines starting from the line 2 k of Chebyshev's spectrum is stable with respect to a drift of electrochemical corrosion noise. STABILITY OF DISCRETE CHEBYSHEV'S SPECTRUM WITH RESPECT TO A DRIFT OF CORROSION NOISE OF LITHIUM PRIMARY POWER SOURCE The fluctuating voltage ) (t yL (Fig. 4, curve А) of uncharged lithium primary power source LS33600 (Saft) (17 A h) was recorded with a spectrometer of electrochemical noises (Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, RAS). The discretization frequency of noise signal was 25 Hz. The noise signal realization contained 13 2 samples. To demonstrate the stability of Chebyshev's spectrum with respect to a drift of electrochemical noise, an artificial drift signal ) ( ) ( t y d L was added to the curve A (Fig. 4): The total signal ) ( ) ( ) ( t y t y d L L is shown on Fig. 4, curve B. Figure 5 gives the Chebyshev's spectra ( 8 N ) for noise signal ) (t yL of lithium primary power source (A) and for the total noise signal а ) ( ) ( ) ( t y t y d L L (B). The Chebyshev's spectra were calculated by equation (2). Figure 5 shows that the intensities of spectral lines 7,6,5,4,3,2 k for dependences A and B virtually coincide. The Chebyshev's spectra are stable to a drift of electrochemical noise. The exceptions are the spectral lines 0 k and 1 k . The intensities of these lines are rather sensitive to the drift of electrochemical noise. When an artificial trend (4) was added, the intensity of the first spectral line ( 1 k ) of Chebyshev's spectrum increased by 291 times. CONCLUSIONS The electrochemical Chebyshev's noise spectroscopy is a powerful tool for gaining the information on the internal state of electrochemical systems without imposing an external electrical signal. The intensities of spectral lines, starting from the second spectral line of Chebyshev's spectrum, are stable against a drift of electrochemical noise. We can perform the discrete spectrum analysis of electrochemical noise with a strong drift by using the transformations of other type. The transformations include the discrete wavelet transformation [9] and the discrete Fourier transformation with special windows [25-26]. We believe that the Stoynov rotating transformation [27] can be useful for spectral analysis of electrochemical noise with a strong drift. A comparison between the spectral properties of discrete Chebyshev transformation and the spectral properties of the discrete transformations outlined above is outside the scope of the present paper. The authors hope to discuss this topic elsewhere. Sustainability of discrete Chebyshev spectrum to a strong drift of electrochemical noise is the basis for reliable noise monitoring of electrochemical systems. Moreover, the sustainability of discrete Chebyshev spectrum allows one to investigate the structure of electrochemical noise. The structural description of noise of electrochemical systems can be used for their monitoring. The Chebyshev's noise spectroscopy is appropriate for soft testing of electrochemical systems. The soft testing, i.e. testing without imposing an external electrical signal, is especially important for the devices and systems of electrochemical energetics and the electrochemical corrosion systems. Acknowledgements. We are grateful to Daria Vladikova, Visnja Horvat-Radosevic, and Tamas Pajkossy for their kind invitation to present a paper for a special issue of the journal Bulgarian Chemical Communications devised by the Bulgarian Electrrochemical Society to honor Prof. Zdravko Stoynov. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 16-2909375. REFERENCES 1.V. A. Tyagai, Elektrokhimiya, 3, 1331 (1967). 3.B. M. Grafov, V. G. Levich, Soviet 2.W. P. Iverson, J. Electrochem. Soc., 58, 617 (1968). Experimental and Theoretical Physics Journal of 4.M. Fleischmann, J, W. Oldfield, J. Electroanalyt. Chem., 27, 207 (1970). , 27 , 507 (1968). 5.G. C. Barker, J. Electroanalyt. Chem., 39, 484 (1972). 7.P. C. Searson, J. L. Dawson, J. Electrochem. Soc., 135 1908 (1988). 6.I. Epelboin, C. Gabrielli, M. Keddam, L. Raillon, J. Electroanalyt. Chem., 105, 389 (1979). , 8.S. Martinet, R. Durand, P. Ozil, P. Leblanc, P. Blanchard, J. Power Sources, 83, 93 (1999). 10. A. Hassibi, R. Navid, R. W. Dutton, T. H. Lee, J. Appl. Phys., 96, 1074 (2004). 9.A. Aballe, M. Bethencourt, F. J. Botana, M. Marcos, Electrochim. Acta, 44, 4805 (1999). 11. R. A. Cottis, Russ. J. Electrochem., 42, 497 (2006). 16. U. Bertocci, R. P. Nogueira, P. Rousseau, Corrosion, 58, 337 (2002). 15. F. Mansfeld, Z. Sun, C. H. Hsu, A. Nagiub, Corr. Sci., 43, 341 (2001). 17. H. Ashassi-Sorkhabi, D. Seifzadeh, J. Appl. Electrochem., 38, 1545 (2008). 19. A. M. Homborg, T. Tinga, X. Zhang, E. P. M. van Westing, P. J. Oonincx, J. H. W. de Wit, Electrochim. Acta, 70, 199 (2012). 18. M. Ohanian, V. Martinez-Luaces, V. Diaz, J. Corros. Sci. Eng., 13, 52 (2010). 20. S. S. Jamali, D. J. Mills, Prog. Org. Coat., 95, 25 (2016). 22. N. Gogin, M. Hirvensalo, On the Generating Function of Discrete Chebyshev Polynomials, TUCS Technical Report No.819, TUCS, Turku, 2007. 21. A. V. Nikiforov, S. K. Suslov, V. B. Uvarov, Classical Orthogonal Polynomials of a Discrete Variable, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1991. 23. M. G. Astaf'ev, L. S. Kanevskii, B. M. Grafov, Russ. J. Electrochem., 43, 17 (2007). 25. J. Harris, Proc. IEEE, 66, 172 (1978). 24. B. M. Grafov, Yu. A. Dobrovol'skii, A. D. Davydov, A. E. Ukshe, A. L. Klyuev, E. A. Astaf'ev, Russ. J. Electrochem., 51, 503 (2015). 26. D. J. Thomson, Proc. IEEE, 70, 1055 (1982). 13. C. A. Loto, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7, 9248 (2012). 12. S. F. Timashev, Y. S. Polyakov, Fluct. Noise Lett., 7, R15 (2007). 14. P. S. Singh, S. G. Lemay, Anal. Chem., 88, 5017 (2016) 27. Z. Stoynov, Fourier analysis in the presence of nonstationary aperiodic noise, Diss. Techn. Wiss. ETH Zürich, Nr. 7839, 1985. СПЕКТРОСКОПИЯ НА ШУМ НА ЧЕБИШЕВ ЗА ТЕСТВАНЕ НА ЕЛЕКТРОХИМИЧНИ СИСТЕМИ Б. Графов, А. Клюев, А. Давидов**, Б. Луковцев А. Н. Фрумкин Институт по физикохимия и електрохимия на Руската академия на науките, Москва, Русия Постъпила на 7 декември 2016 г.; коригирана на 11 януари 2017 г. (Резюме) Представена е спектроскопия на основата на електрохимичен шум, която се базира на ортонормални полиноми на Чебишев с дискретна променлива. Спектроскопията на Чебишев има едно важно предимство - поголяма част от спектралните линии на Чебишев са стабилни по отношение на дрейфа на електрохимичния шум. Това свойство на спектроскопията на Чебишев е демонстрирано с примери на електрохимичен шум при корозия, както и при шум в литиев първичен елемент. Шумовата спектроскопия на Чебишев може да се използва като техника за безразрушително тестване в различни области на чистата и приложна електрохимия, включително в електрохимичната енергетика и електрохимичната корозия.	<urn:uuid:bb8d3760-93a6-417d-bade-dcc9e3d7085d>	CC-MAIN-2018-43	http://bcc.bas.bg/BCC_Volumes/Volume_49_Special_C_2017/BCC9_49-C-2017_Grafov_p102.pdf	2018-10-19T22:45:14Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512460.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20181019212313-20181019233813-00076.warc.gz	37,286,422	3,672	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.736493	eng_Latn	0.860281	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "bul_Cyrl" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3703, 5983, 9093, 12505 ]
Learning Objectives * Boolean logic and R. * Subsetting using logicals. Logicals * A logical is a variable that can take on either TRUE or FALSE * Since 13 is greater than 4, the following is returned TRUE 13>4 ## [1] TRUE and the following is returned FALSE 13<4 ## [1] FALSE * Use >= and <= to test for "greater than or equal" and "less than or equal", respectively 4>4 ## [1] FALSE 4>=4 ## [1] TRUE 4<4 ## [1] FALSE 4<=4 ## [1] TRUE * Use == comparisons to test if two quantities are equal: 13==4 ## [1] FALSE * Use != to test if two quantities are not equal: 13!=4 ## [1] TRUE * These operations can be vectorized: ``` x <- c(1, 2, 3, 4) y <- c(1, 4, 4, 4) x == y ``` ## [1] TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE Logicals David Gerard 2019-01-25. ``` x != y ## [1] FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE x > y ## [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE x < y ## [1] FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE • Use "and" & to test if both of two conditions are TRUE TRUE & TRUE ## [1] TRUE TRUE & FALSE ## [1] FALSE FALSE & TRUE ## [1] FALSE FALSE & FALSE ## [1] FALSE • Use "or" \| to test if either (or both) of two conditions are TRUE TRUE \| TRUE ## [1] TRUE TRUE \| FALSE ## [1] TRUE FALSE \| TRUE ## [1] TRUE FALSE \| FALSE ## [1] FALSE • & and \| can also be vectorized: x <- c(1, 2, 3, 4) y <- c(1, 4, 4, 4) (x < 3) & (y >= 4) ## [1] FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE (x < 3) \| (y >= 4) ``` ## [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE * Graphical Depiction of Logical Operations: * Use logicals to extract elements of vectors ``` x <- 1:5 x[c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE)] ## [1] 1 3 4 logvec <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE) x[logvec] ## [1] 1 3 4 logvec <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE) x[logvec] ``` ## [1] 1 3 4 5 * Use logicals to extract elements of a vector that satisfy some condition ``` x <- 1:5 logvec <- x < 3 logvec ## [1] TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE x[logvec] ``` ## [1] 1 2 1. Exercise: If we list all the natural numbers below 10 that are multiples of 3 or 5, we get 3, 5, 6 and 9. The sum of these multiples is 23. Find the sum of all the multiples of 3 or 5 below 1000. 2. Exercise: What the sum of all integers that are either (divisible by 4 and less than 700) or (divisible by 3 and between 500 and 1000)?	<urn:uuid:1a8df5ed-a29a-4975-87f3-527b57709c90>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://dcgerard.github.io/stat_412_612/lectures/01_intro/01_logic.pdf	2023-10-01T07:42:20+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-40/subset=warc/part-00064-7aa0a1e5-33a6-434b-89a2-950f294b40c1.c000.gz.parquet	214,433,926	747	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.439638	eng_Latn	0.351689	[ "eng_Latn", "pcm_Latn", "mlt_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 763, 1377, 1847, 2186 ]
GLOUCESTER & SHARPNESS CANAL REMOTE-CONTROLLED BRIDGES Highways and Emergency Services Focus Group Meeting Note 31 March 2015 Attending: Meeting note also to be sent to: Bill Parkin Ambulance John Beard, Dave Bence Fire & Rescue Key points in Q and A form (some answers contain more detail than was said at the meeting to provide further info to attendees) Can anyone download the app? What's to stop anyone misusing the system? Only boat-licence holders can download the app. A check is made against their customer details. The app holds a unique identifying code for that boater (not their personal details which are protected). Each time a bridge sequence is triggered, the system records the unique identifying code of the boater. In the unlikely event that a boater misused the system, e.g. by triggering an opening and deliberately not going through, the control centre could then trace the identity of the boater and get in touch with them. How resilient are the lasers? The lasers are protected in a strong metal box (same as the Network Rail lasers). A protective shutter opens when the sequence is triggered. Tamper alarms are in place. CCTV will record each bridge 24/7 and would capture anyone interfering with the lasers. This is a low vandalism area and there has been no tampering with the lasers at Sandfield over the last year. If a laser was damaged and the system unable to operate, then we would send a member of staff to operate the bridge manually. Can people standing on the bridge deck prevent the opening sequence? Or a stationary car? When the sequence is triggered the alarms would sound to alert people that the road barriers were about to lower. If the people/car don't move off the bridge, the lasers will detect them and the barriers won't be able to lower. After a few attempts the sequence would abort and the control centre would be alerted; they could then make contact via the on-site speakers if people still failed to clear the area. CCTV will be recording the bridges. How will CRT manage peak boat traffic so that bridges are not held open for long periods, delaying road traffic? We have data on trends and peaks so we can plan for busier periods and keep a closer watch on the bridges we expect to be busy. We can set different types of limits on bridge openings such as the number of openings per hour, maximum time for any one opening etc. Using feedback from the consultation we can develop operating protocols for each bridge if necessary. We can also put notices up for pre-planned special events which might delay road or canal users and during extreme peaks we would consider putting a member of staff on a bridge if necessary. How will CRT manage boats clustering together through a bridge and holding up traffic? The lasers which detect passing boats will be pre-set with a maximum bridge open time, after which the canal traffic lights go to red and the bridge would begin to close. Assuming boats obey the lights this would break up any cluster. If a boat obstructed the bridge closing zone, then the sequence would be halted and the control centre alerted. The centre could give instructions via the speakers. CCTV will be recording the bridges. If necessary our team could identify boats causing problems and get in touch with them. In the unlikely event that a boater continues to misuse the system, their app could be disabled and even their boat licence revoked. What happens if there is a traffic jam around a bridge? Will you still open it for a boat? As we do now, if road traffic builds up, then it may be best to make the boats wait for a while until the road traffic has eased. The cameras will provide the control centre with good views of road traffic (as well as the canal) so they can manage this situation and temporarily prevent boats from triggering the sequence (the boaters would receive a message on the app). Road users can contact the control centre if they spot a problem. How will emergency vehicles get through? The Bridge Control Centre provides a single point of contact for emergency and highways services. On receiving a 999 call, the emergency service will contact the Bridge Control Centre who can then instantly control bridges so they stay in the closed position for road vehicles. The centre can also over-ride openings being triggered by a boater's smart-phone if the sequence has not started. If an opening sequence has started (and needs to finish) it should last no more than 3 minutes so it is highly unlikely an emergency vehicle will have arrived at the bridge by then. This is more reliable than currently where the emergency services have to call ahead to each individual bridge-keeper. Action 1. Simon Hale: Police will put a flag in their system on all addresses relying on bridge access which alerts their control room to contact the Bridge Control Centre. 2. Ambulance and Fire services to do likewise with their systems. Nick Worthington from CRT to attend LRF to formalise this issue. What would happen if a bridge fails in the open position and prevents road traffic from passing? In the unlikely event of a power or software failure, a bridge could be manually swung closed by a member of staff or we could install portable generators for power. If there was a problem preventing them closing the bridge such as an obstruction or breakdown, we would deal with it as we do now, by a mobile diagnostic and repair crew. We would also consider holding nearby bridges in the closed position to enable a road traffic diversion. What if there is a power cut at the Bridge Control Centre? The Control Centre would lose visual contact by CCTV and communication with each bridge. Whilst each bridge has its own operating system and could continue to be operated via the app, we would hold bridges in the closed position to enable road traffic to pass and send staff to operate bridges as necessary. How secure is the Wifi and software at each bridge? The Wifi is a closed system solely for operating the bridge opening sequences. Each bridge has its own individual Wifi and control system. Being a closed system, rather than public, there is less chance of it being hacked. The system has been specified to high security standards. In the unlikely event that a bridge Wifi or software was unable to function, we would send a member of staff to operate the bridge manually. Post meeting note 1. Darren Martin has sent Wifi system specification to Simon Hale who will refer it to his security colleagues for their view. How safe are the personal details of boaters who use the app? When a boater downloads the app, a check is made against their boat-licence and customer details (to ensure they are eligible to download the app). At the point of download, the boater is assigned a unique identifying code for their use of the app. Once installed the app does not hold their personal details or have any access to them which are protected in a separate system. Each time a bridge sequence is triggered by a boater's smart device, the system records the unique identifying code of the boater. Currently the bridge-keepers manually record the licence number of each boat that passes through their bridge. Is there an app or a website where road users can check the current status of a bridge, receive alerts of unplanned closures/faults and time of any booked openings? We currently run a stoppage alert system for boaters which residents could also conceivably sign up for. We would need to look at whether that would be useful and relevant enough for them. Through the new operating system we also have the ability to provide data about each bridge including any lifting embargoes, faults and of course its current status (opening or closing). However it must be recognised that a bridge's current status could change just after checking because a boater may arrive at any moment and trigger an opening. We will explore this further with residents and boaters to see what information is wanted. Action 1. Madge Bailey and Darren Martin to discuss further. Will this definitely go ahead? Sandfield Bridge will become fully remote-controlled later this year. We plan to phase the remaining bridges over the following 2 years. With any scheme of this scale, there is always a possibility that the plans might be deferred if, for example, the funds required (in this case £4 million) have to be diverted to essential repair work that arises on our 200 year-old network. The aim of the public consultation is to fully consider every concern, suggestion and issue raised as we plan to set up the system. Other issues Highways CRT and Gloucester CC Highways have been reviewing the road approaches to bridges. More site surveys to follow. Recommendations on highways, traffic control and safety will follow and need to be considered in the remote-control programme. Clear need to work jointly and pool funds. Gloucester CC Highways to liaise closely with CRT re pot hole repairs which could affect ducting for remote-control system. Consultation Councillors have been invited to a focus group. Also Stroud District Council local resilience staff. Possible restrictions re "purdah". Post meeting note 1. Nikki Humphries confirmed to Madge Bailey that residents affected should all be represented by the councillors invited. Nikki can also attend the meeting. CRT to be clear with residents on potential extension to canal opening hoursAction Madge Bailey CRT to target the residents affected by Wig-Wag noise Action Madge Bailey CRT to notify Stagecoach bus operator Action Madge Bailey Overall views Overall views of Highways and Emergency Services attending were positive and that there were some specific positives and reassurances. Feedback on emerging operating protocols Those attending were happy to respond by email to drafts circulated by CRT Advisory Group Those attending were happy to consider being reps on the Advisory Group to provide ongoing review and advice throughout implementation. Simon Hale agreed to be one rep, others to consider nearer the time (Advisory Group likely to be set up in autumn 2015). Liaison with press office Those attending would advise their press office to be prepared for requests for comment and views Full detail including plans and timescale for each bridge plus Q&A's is on www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/gsbridges	<urn:uuid:63db87d6-03e4-4bd5-851b-0c3b8ca6b8f3>	CC-MAIN-2022-21	https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/media/original/24683-g-and-s-bridges-focus-group-meeting-note-highways-and-emergency-services.pdf?v=b58871	2022-05-29T05:00:44+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-21/subset=warc/part-00013-bd7ecbba-8e15-4123-ae07-d9c98ad96845.c000.gz.parquet	206,010,932	2,109	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.999064	eng_Latn	0.999377	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2031, 5950, 9104, 10450 ]
Junior Parent Meeting December 3, 2015 Should contain four core classes (English, Math, Science, Social Studies or World Language) Must contain a Math or Quantitative Reasoning course Consider rigorous class work Consider a dual credit class At NHS At IUK At IVY TECH Online Review PSAT (College Board QuickStart) Taking the ACT/SAT Registering for Parchment (electronic transcript) Registering with NCAA or NAIA(College Athletics) Working hard in their classes – junior grades are important Investigating careers and colleges Searching college websites Visiting colleges (3 college visit days) Job shadowing (1 time per semester) Building a resume (work in progress) Registering to use Fast Web College Board will provide a Concordance Table for both forms of the SAT The 8 Key Changes to the redesigned SAT: Words and Context Command of Evidence Essay Analyzing a Source Focus on the Math that Matters Most Problems Grounded in Real-World Context Analysis in Science and History/Social Studies US Founding Documents and the Great Global Conversation No Penalty for Guessing Counselors will meet with seniors to: Distribute Brag Sheets Distribute release form to provide the state with SSN and diploma for financial aid purposes Talk about the college application process Counselors will meet with seniors to complete a "Senior Check." Plan to take an SAT or ACT if not already taken Organize a calendar or folder with all important application deadlines Begin completing college applications Meeting DEADLINES is paramount! Fill out a college application during College Go Week Attend the local college fair held at Kokomo High School Scholarships will begin to be posted on the guidance website and announced on Facebook/Twitter May take ASVAB career exploration program Continue to work on college applications Applications may be completed online Once an application is completed, request a transcript via Parchment.com. To request a transcript electronically, visit Parchment.com. Completing a college application is a three step process: Step 1: Complete and submit the application to the college or university Step 2: Request a transcript be sent to the college or university Step 3: Send scores from the testing agency to the college or university Check college deadlines for selective programs and scholarships. Many deadlines are in November. If a college asks to see 7 th semester grades, they are still considering your student for admission. Read letters and emails from colleges carefully and thoroughly. Study for first semester final exams Update any changes or additions to the Senior Brag Sheet Begin FAFSA process by obtaining student and parent pen numbers. http://www.pin.ed.gov/PINWebApp/pinindex.jsp Keep the counselor informed about college admission status. Begin working on the FAFSA – Free Application for Federal Student Aid (Deadline is March 10, but may vary from campus to campus!) www.fafsa.ed.gov Know the FAFSA deadline for your students specific college. The college deadline may be different from the Federal Government or State deadline. Use the cost estimator for the colleges they have been admitted to. Attend College Goal Sunday – 2 p.m. - College Goal Sunday is a FAFSA help session supported locally by IUK and Ivy Tech. Continue to work on the FAFSA Work on scholarships Submit the FAFSA 3/1/2017 - Deadline for some colleges and scholarship programs 3/10/2017 - Deadline for state aid Students may file a release at the campus to let parents receive information (Process may vary from campus to campus) Work hard to finish strong Continue to work on scholarships Housing deposits are often due (Know your college deadlines and requirements) Attend the senior awards program Attend graduation! IC 20-32-9 requires students who meet specific criteria to take a college and career readiness exam and potentially receive remediation. Find us on Facebook: NHS Guidance Find us on Twitter: @NWHSGuidance Class of 2017 A-G Geana Moore 457-8101 ext 2032 [email protected] H-Z Melissa Rarick 457-8101 ext 2031 [email protected]	<urn:uuid:c5da104e-3af6-4264-beca-0936f6ed89ff>	CC-MAIN-2017-17	http://nhs.nwsc.k12.in.us/images/Class_of_2017_Parent_Meeting.pdf	2017-04-23T19:45:43Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118743.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00412-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz	277,625,689	1,043	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.884882	eng_Latn	0.984385	[ "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 38, 714, 1104, 1305, 1370, 1814, 3815, 3953, 4172 ]
Webster Public Schools Webster, Massachusetts School Budget At a Glance July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018 February 28, 2017 Public Hearing X:XX P.M. Xxxday, XX, 2017 Location Town Meeting 7:00 P.M. Monday May 8, 2017 BHS Auditorium 1 Webster Public Schools Vision Statement Our mission is to provide a quality education and a safe learning environment for all students and to empower them to succeed as responsible, productive citizens in an ever-changing global society. Contents We welcome your questions, comments and suggestions regarding this publication. Details concerning the budget summarized here may be requested from the Office of Business and Finance 41 East Main Street Webster, MA 01570 www.webster-schools.org Interim Superintendent of Schools: Richard Lind [email protected] Assistant Superintendent for Business:Ted Avlas [email protected] 508-943-0104 2 Message from the Superintendent of Schools FY18 Budget Priorities The proposed budget for the Webster Public Schools for the fiscal year 2018 reflects the continued need to support instruction in the classroom through the use of appropriate classroom supplies, technology, and equipment, as well the need for professional development and additional staffing. It also reflects the need to educate the whole child through programming, training, and staffing to ensure the social and emotional needs of students are met. The process of developing this preliminary budget began with School-based Administrators and Program Directors working directly with their staff to identify and prioritize a list of needs based on the District and School Improvement Plans, state and federal mandates, and an analysis of available data and best practices. Based on the input from staff, the Business Department, the Athletic Director, the Student Services Director, the Curriculum and Instruction Department, and others, Program Directors and School-based Administrators, developed a preliminary budget outlining what is needed to provide an academically rigorous program of studies for all students. The District Leadership Team then worked to fine tune the preliminary budget. This was done through a whole District lens. This included prioritizing staffing requests, looking at supplies and materials through an economy of scale approach, and transitioning, when possible, to using current technologies to replace the methods and materials of years gone by. The requests made by the schools and departments represent not only what is needed to maintain the current level of services for the students of the Webster Public Schools, but to move the Webster Public Schools forward. The preliminary staffing proposal for the FY18 budget includes the addition of an additional 18.15 FTE staff; including administrative support to assist with the many administrative tasks, instructional positions to support student needs and lower class size, special education staff to provide instruction and meet federal and state special education laws and regulations, and technology staff to support the maintenance of hardware and software systems. In addition, the preliminary budget includes funding to provide middle school athletics and extracurricular activities that were not funded in the FY17 budget. 3 The Town Meeting Preliminary Budget request is $20,878,154 which represents an increase of 8.7% from the FY17 budget of $19,209,244. A great majority of the $1,668,910 increase can be seen in salary lines which increased 10.4% from $15,024,555 to $16,590,715 ($1,566,160 increase). The preliminary budget is a work in progress and represents a starting point for the School Committee and the Administrative Team to work from. Program Directors and School-based Administrators were asked to develop a budget that was based on what is needed to provide the students of the Webster Public Schools a high quality educational experience. It is not a pie-in-the-sky budget, however, it is a budget that will clearly allow the District to take significant steps forward in terms of the programs and services offered to students and families of the Webster Public Schools. Sincerely, Richard Lind Interim Superintendent of Webster Public Schools 4 Factors Affecting FY18 Budget February 28,2017 Building a budget based on still-to-be-determined revenue numbers is always challenging. The primary factor considered is the DESE Foundation Budget. This includes State Chapter 70 Funding and the Local Minimum Contribution. The first numbers were released with the Governor's Budget on the 4th Wednesday in January (January 25, 2017) . As of this writing the Commonwealth's likely growth of state tax revenues for FY18 has been projected at 3.9%. In anticipation of a similar rate in Chapter 70 Funds, the Governor's Budget came in at 1.97%. The current uncertainty in the national economy and global unrest also have an impact our ability to maintain grants levels. . In FY17 two factors weighed heavily in our favor: student enrollment and the new low income classification, "Economically Disadvantaged" students. With the opening of our new Park Ave Elementary School and continued improvement in student achievement our district enrollment increased in FY17. As we saw in FY16 and FY17 an increase in student enrollment can have a significant effect on our foundation budget and Chapter 70 Aid. The foundation budget previously relied on free and reduced price data collected by district staff to determine low income status. FY16 was a transition year, using free and reduced price data plus direct certification for new students in CEP districts. In FY17 low-income increments in the formula were calculated entirely using direct certification numbers from the State. The shift in the formula by placing Webster in Decile 10 and the increase of economically disadvantaged numbers in our district had a dramatic effect in our funding. 5 Those two factors, increased enrollment and a new calculation for low income students, resulted in an increase of $734,881 (+3.43%) in the Foundation Budget and $933,515 (+8.4%) in Chapter 70 aid. Another huge impact has occurred in our federal Title One grant the past two years, which has increased from $543,405 in FY15 to $817,861 in FY17. This is primarily due to the increase of students (families) in poverty in our Town. In FY18, there is a much more modest number in the Foundation Budget and Chapter 70 aid.. Enrollment for the 2016-2017 school year is flat, with a slight decrease of 15 students. The numbers in our economically disadvantaged also decreased slightly, therefore the district will not experience the type of increase received in FY17. School Choice has been a major factor in the loss of revenue to our district over the past 10 years. Although school choice enrollment trends improved in FY14 - FY16, the preliminary numbers for FY17 show an increase of students choosing to attend other districts while experiencing a reduction of students enrolling from outside the district. Therefore, It is necessary we continue to monitor the use of school choice funds to balance the FY18 operating budget. Special Ed Circuit Breaker is another source of funding that the district has relied on to balance the budget. The last few years have seen the district spend more than was taken in, resulting in a much lower surplus being carried, which is typically reserved to offset any extraordinary increases in sped out-of-district expenses. Again the recommendation is we continue to lower the use of new year circuit breaker funds in balancing the operating budget. The district also relies on Federal and State Grants to offset the operating budget. Those funds, which now exceed $2.1 million are critical to our success. However, several grants are trending lower than previous years. One in particular, the Kindergarten Grant was eliminated in the state budget. Both state and federal budgets need to be closely monitored. Webster will continue to prioritize student achievement across the board. At the same time, we will continue to make sure that we are providing adequate resources to those critical services that are important to our students and families. As always, we look forward to the challenge. Ted Avlas, Assistant Superintendent for Business & Finance 6 FY18 New/Restored Positions New/Restored Positions Updated from the original proposal. See pages 13-32 for staffing recommendations. 7 FY18 Non Salary Impact Items \| PAE \| FY17 \| FY18 \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Substitutes \| $61,300 \| $80,500 \| \| Textbooks \| $14,500 \| $27,600 \| \| Technology Equipment \| $0 \| $10,000 \| \| Building Maintenance \| $244,500 \| $254,000 \| \| Total \| \| \| \| WMS \| FY17 \| FY18 \| \| Substitutes \| $44,200 \| $52,500 \| \| Athletics/Extra Curricular \| $0 \| $54,377 \| \| Building Maintenance \| $40,000 \| $45,000 \| \| Equipment/Lease \| $12,000 \| $18,000 \| \| Total \| \| \| \| BHS \| FY17 \| FY18 \| \| Substitutes \| $37,204 \| $42,000 \| \| Student Testing/Supplies \| $5,500 \| $15,250 \| \| Instructional Technology \| $3,000 \| $8,037 \| \| Course Reimbursement \| $10,000 \| $7,500 \| \| Nurse Medical Supplies/Contracted \| $10,500 \| $5,885 \| \| Musical Instruments \| $0 \| $19,000 \| \| Athletics \| $87,610 \| $107,578 \| \| Building Maintenance \| $239,000 \| $244,700 \| \| Total \| \| \| \| SPED \| FY17 \| FY18 \| \| Out of District Tuitions \| $1,817,777 \| $1,705,562 \| \| Total \| \| \| \| District \| FY17 \| FY18 \| \| Curriculum Renewal \| $0 \| $40,000 \| \| Technology \| $157,339 \| $171,992 \| \| Legal/School Resource Officer \| $44,172 \| $60,000 \| \| Non Sped Tuitions \| $69,832 \| $36,500 \| \| Parent Info Center \| $0 \| $5,000 \| \| Building Supplies \| $9,000 \| $0 \| \| Total \| \| \| \| District Wide Total \| \| \| 8 Revenue Challenges Circuit Breaker History - FY 2013 - FY2018 \| Fiscal year \| Income \| Expense \| Balance \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 2012 \| \| \| $529,788.00 \| \| 2013 \| $514,391.00 \| $564,646.00 \| $479,533.00 \| \| 2014 \| $520,642.00 \| $575,055.00 \| $425,120.00 \| \| 2015 \| $618,670.00 \| $715,433.00 \| $328,357.00 \| \| 2016 \| $585,418.00 \| $571,434.00 \| $355,786.00 \| \| 2017 \| $563,360.00 \| $626,608.00 \| $292,538.00 \| \| 2018 \| $563,360.00 \| $563,360.00 \| $292,538.00 \| Budgeted School Choice History - FY 2012 - FY2018 \| Fiscal year \| Income \| Expense \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| 2011 \| \| \| \| 2012 \| $129,510.00 \| $364,200.00 \| \| 2013 \| $187,351.00 \| $279,814.00 \| \| 2014 \| $160,723.00 \| $190,229.64 \| \| 2015 \| $153,939.00 \| $281,500.00 \| \| 2016 \| $145,981.00 \| $0.00 \| \| 2017 \| $132,631.00 \| $149,487.00 \| \| 2018 \| $132,631.00 \| $100,000.00 \| School Choice Enrollment Trends 9 Program Budget Overview \| School / Department \| Approved FY17 Budget \| Proposed FY18 Budget \| $ Change \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Park Ave Elementary Webster Middle School Bartlett High School Special Education District / Administration \| $5,008,908 $4,337,759 $5,017,720 $3,350,575 $1,494,282 \| $5,679,983 $4,534,680 $5,273,220 $3,340,747 $1,543,574 \| $ 671,075 $ 196,921 $ 255,500 $ -9,828 $ 49,292 \| \| Total Proposed Budget \| $19,209,244 \| $20,372,204 \| $1,162,960 \| Operating Budget Summary - Projected \| Notes \| \| FY17 Approved Budget \| FY18 Proposed Budget \| $ Change \| % Change \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 1 \| Minimum Foundation Budget \| $22,136,766 \| $22,351,938 \| $ 215,172 \| 1.0% \| \| 2 \| Local Contribution \| $12,058.034 \| $13,747,448 \| $ 1,689,414 \| 14.0% \| \| 3 \| Chapter 70 State Aid \| $11,989,003 \| $12,210,094 \| $ 221,091 \| 1.8% \| \| 4 \| Schedule 19 Town Expenses \| $ 4,837,793 \| $ 5,585,338 \| $ 747,545 \| 15.5% \| \| 5 \| Town Meeting Budget \| $19,209,244 \| $20,372,204 \| $ 1,162,960 \| 6.1% \| Notes: 1. A school district's Foundation Budget is a precise calculation of how much funding is needed to provide an adequate education. 2. The Minimum Local Contribution is determined through a formula that takes into account a community's property value and income levels. Town Meeting can vote to increase the amount of local contribution over and above the minimum. The proposed local contribution represents 13.5% above required spending. In Massachusetts the FY16 average of local contribution above minimum was 20.7%. 3. Chapter 70 state funding is determined by taking the minimum foundation budget minus the local contribution. 4. Schedule 19 Town expenses are a calculation of specific town services that are allocated for the school district and therefore reimbursed through Schedule 19. 5. Town Meeting Budget is the amount presented/approved by town meeting voters for education. Professional Staffing 31.0 10.5 1.0 0.0 10.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.2 3.0 3.0 4.0 69.7 7.0 7.0 26.0 4.0 7.9 0.0 0.75 53.75 299.45 Revenue Offsets The Webster Public Schools continues to seek offsets to increasing operating costs in the school budget by identifying new revenue sources. Federal and State grants contribute over $2.1 million but are not guaranteed and fluctuate annually. We have been able to generate fee income through the use of school facilities by outside groups. We also encourage school choice students to enroll in our district while working to retain those Webster families who may chose to enroll their students elsewhere. Our schools also benefit from the efforts of groups like the Webster Educational Foundation, Parent-Teacher Organizations, Booster Clubs and private donations. FY16 Federal & State Grant Expenditures \| Academic Support (Directors, Clerical, etc.) \| $308,892 \| \|---\|---\| \| Department Heads/Team Leaders \| $ 30,639 \| \| Teachers - Regular Education \| $377,830 \| \| Teachers - Special Ed \| $459,363 \| \| Instructional Coordinators & Team Leaders \| $ 52,484 \| \| Instructional Assistants (Regular & Sped) \| $617,812 \| \| Professional Development \| $ 89,969 \| \| Textbooks/Supplies/Testing \| $ 13,635 \| \| Instructional Technology & Hardware \| $ 16,699 \| \| Testing & Assessment \| $ 18,198 \| \| Psychological Services \| $ 88,012 \| \| Employer Retirement Contributions \| $ 11,854 \| \| Transportation \| $ 36,160 \| \| Student Body Activities \| $ 23,352 \| \| Other (Supplies, Medical, etc.) \| $ 16,181 \| \| Total FY16 Grant Expenditures \| $2,161,080 \| BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Park Ave Elementary School POSITION: New 1.0 Family Engagement At Risk Student Coordinator (Dean of Students) COST: $83,627 RATIONALE: There are 850+ students currently enrolled at Park Ave. in grades PreK-4. We have a high rate of poverty and a high rate of trauma. We also have a high rate of success supporting the needs of our students with appropriate staffing. Currently, Park Ave. has two administrators - Principal and Assistant Principal. Together the two administrators are responsible for the academic, behavioral, social/emotional needs of students, families, and staff. They are also responsible for the day-to-day management of the systems of the building and the physical plant. Together the current administrators manage the most urgent long term and short term issues as they arise. What usually waits because of time constraints are some of the biggest issues facing the school and the success of the students. These include issues of attendance, family engagement, and proactive behavioral supports as well as consistent observations and feedback to teachers about instruction and assessment. This leaves these very important indicators of success unattended for long periods of time. This creates a reactive administrative team instead of a more effective proactive administrative team. INTENDED OUTCOME: The intended outcome of adding this administrative position is to create a proactive administrative team that can focus on the three essential areas of responsibility - student achievement, building teacher's capacity for effective instruction, and family engagement. Without this position, the administrative team will continue to be reactive focusing on as many issues as possible as time allows. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Park Ave Elementary School POSITION: 1.0 Administrative Assistant (currently 1.0 School Year) COST: $18,162 (Difference) RATIONALE: The level of mobility in the student body of Park Ave. is high and increasing. This is especially true over the summer months when high numbers of students move in and out of the district. The registration paperwork for 50+ PreK and approximately 150 Kindergarten students also has to be processed and entered into our Powerschool database during this same time frame. It has become increasingly difficult for one administrative assistant, during the summer months, to welcome families, take in the high volume of new registrations, process the paperwork for students leaving the district, complete the data entry required for all of these changes in a timely manner, and be ready with everything else that needs to happen before the first day of school. INTENDED OUTCOME: The intended outcome of the increase of one administrative assistant from a school year to a full year position is to eliminate the paperwork confusion that has become standard as the school year opens. This confusion leads to problems in class lists, timely notification to the cafeteria, timely notification to the buses, etc. The coordination of these efforts are needed for a safe beginning to the school year. If the currently requested District position of Parent Information Center Coordinator is approved then this increase will not be necessary. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Park Ave Elementary School POSITION: New Grade 3 Teacher COST: $61,583 RATIONALE: The student population at Park Ave. continues to rise creating the possibility of large class sizes. During the 2016/2017 school year the School Committee allowed us to restore 3 classrooms that had been eliminated through the budget process over the previous two years - one each in grades 1, 2 and 4. By reopening these classrooms we were able to bring class sizes down from 28-31 to 24-26. These lower class sizes had an immediate impact on student success in these grades. For the 2016/2017 school year there are 7 classrooms in grades K-2 and 6 classrooms in grades 3 and 4. INTENDED OUTCOME: There are currently 168 students in grade 2. If there are 6 classrooms there would be 28 students in each classroom. If there are 7 classrooms there would be 24 students in each classroom. There are currently 158 students in grade 3. There would be 26 students in each of the 6 classrooms that we now have based on the reinstatement of 1 grade 4 classroom during the 2016/2017 school. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Park Ave Elementary School POSITION: New Kindergarten Sped Teacher COST: $61,583 RATIONALE: Currently, special education needs in Kindergarten are the responsibility of the grade 1 special education teacher. This creates a hardship for both Kindergarten and grade 1 students, staff, and programming. In years past, this level of staffing was acceptable because of lower student needs in Kindergarten compared to other grade levels. However, the need for specialized instruction for both PreK and K students is steadily rising, making our current level of staffing insufficient to meet the testing/meeting needs as well as the compliance requirements for both grade levels by one special education team consisting of one teacher and one IA. INTENDED OUTCOME: The intended outcome of this position would be to create a special education teacher for Kindergarten to adequately and effectively service the special education needs of Kindergarten students. This would allow the current grade one special education team to more adequately and effectively service the special education needs of grade one students. Without this additional teacher, current levels of effectiveness and compliance would continue. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Park Ave Elementary School POSITION: New STAR Teacher COST: $61,583 RATIONALE: The STAR program at Park Ave. supports 50+ students who have been identified as needing Tier 2 and 3 behavioral support to be successful in school. The Social Emotional Learning (SEL) needs of these students range from needing someone to check in on them in their classroom a couple of times a day to checking in/out with the STAR teacher every day to daily breaks from the classroom to being in a substantially separate classroom for the whole day. In order for all of these needs to be effectively taken care of across each school day the program needs a therapeutic adjustment counselor, 2 dual certified teachers (general and special education) and 5 Instruction Assistants(IA). The STAR teacher(s) is responsible for all aspects of this program. He/she oversees the staff for the program in both the inclusion and substantially separate settings. In order for the program to be effective, the STAR teacher needs to be able to manage and support the long term needs of the program as well as the day-to-day and minute-by-minute needs of the students assigned to the program. The long term needs include but are not limited to working with teachers, writing and updating behavior plans, supporting students during crises, processing with students and staff after crises, academic instruction for students in substantially separate placement. INTENDED OUTCOME: Current levels of staffing rarely allows time for the STAR teacher to engage in proactive work with teachers and students. Current levels of staffing barely covers the emerging needs of students each day. The addition of a STAR classroom teacher would allow time in the day for proactive work and planning with students and staff. It would allow for timely assessment and revision of behavior plans and current student needs rather than only during crises. This would build capacity of school and the program to support the social and behavioral needs of our most at-risk students. This in turn would increase the academic integrity of classrooms across the school for teachers and students. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Park Ave Elementary School SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: POSITION: Adjustment Counselor COST: $61,583 RATIONALE: There are currently two adjustment counselors at Park Ave. One is responsible for the social/emotional needs and social skills needs of the majority of our 850+ general education students. The second is responsible for the social and emotional needs of the students assigned to our STAR program. This includes involvement (physical and nonphysical) in the day-to-day incidents and processing of these incidents for students in the STAR program. It also involves creating a relationship with families and outside agencies to support the needs of these students. In addition, this staff member is responsible for the counseling and social skills for all students in the building with these services written in their IEPs in order to be in compliance. INTENDED OUTCOME: The STAR program at Park Ave. supports 50+ students who have been identified as needing Tier 2 and 3 behavioral support to be successful in school. The Social Emotional Learning (SEL) needs of these students range from needing someone to check in on them in their classroom a couple of times a day to checking in/out with the STAR teacher every day to daily breaks from the classroom to being a substantially separate classroom for the whole day. In order for all of these needs to be effectively taken care of across each school day the program needs a therapeutic adjustment counselor who focuses mainly on the needs of this large number of students, especially with students with high levels of aggression and dysregulation. Currently, the Adjustment Counselor assigned to the STAR program divides her time between the high needs of the STAR program and the social/emotional needs of students with other diagnoses such as ASD. The caseload of this current position supports additional staffing to be effective for this group of high risk, high needs students. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Park Ave Elementary School POSITION: Information Literacy Specialist (Library) (Currently a Paraprofessional) COST: $27,151 (difference) RATIONALE: Park Ave. has a beautiful library that is currently used by all students once in every 6 day Unified Arts rotation. Currently, this position is filed by an Instructional Assistant through an MOA with the IA Union. This MOA will expire at the end of this school year. This request is to move this position to a Unit A teaching position. A teaching position is necessary to fully utilize the instructional time dedicated to this Unified Arts program and the resources that we have in our new library/media center. DESE holds high expectations for a library program as part of a school's overall literacy program. The State's expectations include building students' literacy skills across traditional print as well as technology and information resources. As a teaching position, the school's librarian would be expected to collaborate with classroom teachers to plan instruction that integrates quality reading and re search skills lessons in the library with classroom instruction across the school. INTENDED OUTCOME: Currently, Park Ave. is not able to meet the expectations of the library program described above set forth by the DESE because the position is filled by an Instructional Assistant. Instructional Assistants are not allowed to plan instruction so our library program consists of a read aloud, often with a connection to our monthly character trait, and checking out library books. Moving this position into Unit A would allow us to build a more academic program that meets the needs of our students and the expectations of DESE. It is unclear if we will be able to continue to have a library program if this position remains an IA position. It would be contingent on the continuation of the MOA with the IA Union. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Park Ave Elementary School POSITION: New STAR Instructional Assistants (3) COST: $59,292 RATIONALE: The STAR program at Park Ave. supports 50+ students who have been identified as needing Tier 2 and 3 behavioral support to be successful in school. The Social Emotional Learning (SEL) needs of these students range from needing someone to check in on them in their classroom a couple of times a day to checking in/out with the STAR teacher every day to daily breaks from the classroom to being a substantially separate classroom for the whole day. In order for all of these needs to be effectively taken care of across each school day the program needs a therapeutic adjustment counselor, 2 dual certified teachers (general and special education) and 5 Instruction Assistants(IA). IAs that are assigned to the STAR program are specially trained to support students with high levels of behavioral needs. They support students at all levels of need both in and out of the general education classroom and the STAR classroom. 5 IAs are needed to continuously circulate through the building to check in with students in grades 1-4 to see if they need help in the classroom, to monitor breaks, to deal with escalating behaviors before they become aggressive and to manage aggressive behaviors when they occur. There has been a rise in the number of students assigned to the STAR program with significantly high levels of need requiring a 1:1 STAR IA to be assigned to him/her. This leaves the STAR program unsupported by IAs and diminishes the effectiveness of the program across the whole school. Currently, we are in need of 3 STAR IAs to support the needs of the STAR program across the school. INTENDED OUTCOME: The intended outcome of these 3 IA positions is to fully staff the current level Tier 2 and 3 behavioral needs of across the school. This support for our SEL will improve the readiness of these students to learn. It will also improve the readiness of the general education classrooms of these students so that all students academic potential is increased. Without these positions, our STAR program will continue to be understaffed as the needs of students and classrooms continue to rise. The only way to decrease the behavioral needs of the school is to adequately process the social, emotional and behavioral needs of our most at-risk students. This isn't being done with our current level of staffing which is having an academic impact across the school as students in need are not getting the support they need, which in turns, creates general education classroom disruptions to learning and safety. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Park Ave Elementary School POSITION: Restored / Kindergarten Paraprofessionals (2) COST: $39,528 RATIONALE: The addition of these two positions would restore having one IA for every Kindergarten classroom. This is a common staff-to-student ratio for Kindergarten classrooms and is desirable for both academic and safety reasons. It was a requirement of the DESE Kindergarten grant when it existed. It is not unusual for less than 50% of our incoming Kindergarten students to have attended PreSchool. Consequently, a large percentage of our Kindergarten classes each year have student who do not know what it means or how to sit, listen, follow academic directions, walk in the hallway, use a cafeteria, play cooperatively on a playground, etc. It also means that a significant number of our students often join our Kindergarten classes with below average knowledge of the alphabet, letter sound relationships, number recognition, counting skills, penmanship skills, etc. We have been able to keep seven teachers in Kindergarten so that class size is often around 22. However, this is a large number of students for one adult to fill in the gaps and move toward grade level academic expectations. It is also a large number of students for one adult to keep safe and challenge academically. Currently, there are 5 IAs assigned to the 7 Kindergarten classrooms. They rotate through the classrooms during academic instruction over the course of each week, however, there are many academic times in a day when there is one adult in Kindergarten classrooms. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that these 5 IAs are the only general education IAs not assigned 1:1 with students. Therefore, these 5 IAs are frequently pulled to cover other staffing absences, which further decreases the effectiveness of academic instruction in Kindergarten classes. INTENDED OUTCOME: The intended outcome of the addition of these two positions is to have more effective staffing for our Kindergarten program in terms of both academics and safety. Teachers would be able to go back to more rigorous independent work centers for students on a daily basis when a second adult is available every day. It would also increase the level of safety for our Kindergarten students in and out of the classroom. If we do not get these two positions than our Kindergarten program will continue to be less rigorous than our students need. This in turn lowers the readiness of our students for grade 1 and higher expectations. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Webster Middle School POSITION: Restored / Grade 5 Inclusion Teacher COST: $61,583 RATIONALE: As a stop gap WMS did not hire an open position of Grade 5 Special Education so that PAE would be able to hire a 1.0 teacher for their 2nd grade classroom. This step was taken after Mr. Lind informed us that because the grade 5 class was smaller than the trend in the other grades and there was an open position that had yet to be hired that the open teacher position would need to be transferred to PAE as they were concerned with class size. We had recently offered a candidate a grade 5 general education position who happened to be dually certified in both general education and special education. I proposed that for one year that the general education position and the special education position be combined, it would be a challenge but possible. It would be necessary to modify the schedule to allow for extra prep time, to include a reduction of the number of general education science classes responsible to teach reduced from five to four. We would also have to accommodate her teaching schedule in order to provide time to deliver specific education services as outlined in individual IEPs. As a result two sections of science had to be redistributed to the other two science teachers. These two sections of science have over 30 students assigned in each. This creates a concern with class size and the impact on science instruction. The burden on the dually certified teacher to carry out both jobs is great particularly when it comes to being compliant with delivering required IEP services as well as maintaining timelines with the documentation and paperwork required by both roles. The incoming 2017 grade five class is significantly larger and this model could not be supported without class sizes increasing significantly beyond what would be considered reasonable or teachable in a Grade 5 classroom. As a level three district & school and with the special education population requiring the greatest need for remediation and educational support it is important that the steps taken to support a district challenge not become a long term solution. INTENDED OUTCOME: In restoring the grade 5 special education position we are alleviating concerns with class size and we are ensuring that what was a temporary solution under extreme conditions does not have long term impact on student learning or a solution to future budget issues. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Webster Middle School POSITION: New Grade 7-8 Inclusion Teacher COST: $61,583 RATIONALE: The ⅞Inclusion teacher position was an open position that had not yet been rehired when Mr. Lind notified us that we would need to redirect funds for our open positions to PAE to solve a grade 2 class size issue. Students are scheduled onto teams at WMS. This is particularly important in order to minimize the impact of transitioning from an elementary model to a high school model. As a bridge we schedule students on small learning teams so teachers work together and teach consistent cohorts of students. In grades 7 & 8 we have three teams; Green (Grade 7), White (Grade 8) and Mint (Grades ⅞). The Mint Team special educator was eliminated for the 2016-17SY redistributing all 8th grade students to the special education teacher assigned to the White team and the grade 7 students to the special education teacher assigned to the Green team. This means that 2 special educators must attempt to provide special education pull out services and inclusion/co-teaching support across two entirely different schedules. This also disrupted student placements on their teams and their schedules. Student placement for the upcoming school year occurs in May and finalized in June. A decision made in late July, early August disrupted planning and student placement. As a level three district & school and with the special education population requiring the greatest need for remediation and educational support it is important that the steps taken to support a district challenge not become a long term solution. INTENDED OUTCOME: In restoring the grade 7/8 special education position we are alleviating concerns with proper implementation of IEPs (Individualized Education Programs) and we are ensuring that what was a temporary solution under extreme conditions does not have long term impact on student learning or become a solution to future budget issues. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Special Education / Webster Middle School POSITION: 0.5 FTE School Psychologist COST: $30,792 RATIONALE: The National Association of School Psychologist recommends a 1.0 equivalent of school psychology services for every 800 students. At this time, the district has the equivalent of a 1.2 FTE for school psychology for the entire district, which is well below the recommended level. With the ever growing demands for special education testing, as well as the need for other clinical supports offered by the school psychologist, the role of our current personnel does not cover the bare necessities for Special Education testing. Over the past three years, we have covered the needs for our caseloads by increasing the time provided by our .2 school psychologist at the upper grades has worked twice the number of hours. We have used an outside resource to cover the overflow of evaluations and out of district students. The cost for every student tested by an outside resource can range from $500.00 to $800.00 per student. In looking at the funds required to cover this ever present need, it is essential for the district to approve an increase in our specialists line to add a 1.0 School Psychologist. Our School Psychologist at grades K – 6 completed 112 evaluations in FY 15. In FY 16 the K – 6 psychologist completed 120+ evaluations. Our secondary level School Psychologist (who is budgeted now for .4 FTE, completed 42 evaluations in FY 16 and an outside resource completed 10 evaluations. The recommendation would be for the new 1.0 FTE to cover grades 5 -8 and also test out of district students. INTENDED OUTCOME: By increasing the school psychology line, we will be better able to maintain our own capacity for testing students, improve the thoroughness of evaluations, support the district's pre-referral team, and maintain consultation/programmatic support for teachers and staff. This would allow us also to have a designated person at each of the three school buildings, eliminating the itinerant role of the School Psychologist. We will be better able to fulfill evaluation timeline requirements and ease up the current conflicts in scheduling team meetings. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Special Education / Webster Middle POSITION: 0.5 FTE Sped Team Chairperson - WMS (move current .5 WMS and .5 BHS to Bartlett) COST: $30,792 RATIONALE: With the addition of the 1.0 FTE OOD/EC Coordinator last year, we were able to redistribute the Pre-K through Grade 4 caseload to the 1.0 FTE Team Chairperson covering K through Grade 4. While this is still not ideal, with the assumption of ETL responsibilities by the OOD/EC Coordinator, the caseload is more manageable. The other 1.0 FTE Team Chairperson covers Grades 5 – 12 and the 18-22 program. This individual is split between two buildings. With the duties of this position being split half time between both buildings, the case management necessary by the Team Chair is impacted and does not allow for an efficient oversight and involvement of a team leader in both buildings. The Middle School currently has 110 Students with special needs and the High School currently has 71 students with special needs. This is a total of 181 cases managed by one person and does not include referred students or other duties/needs that arise in the buildings. In order to provide adequate oversight and case management, assure quality and compliance, it is essential to have a designated Team Chairperson in each building. INTENDED OUTCOME: Oversight and management of over 181 students grades 5 - 12+. Improved compliance as well as technical support to teams within each building. Better management and oversight should lead to more consistent management of cases and improved outcomes as well as reducing special education numbers and needs. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Bartlett High POSITION:.2 English Teacher COST: $15,503 RATIONALE: This .2 was cut two years ago because of budget concerns. When this was done, we started losing high quality teachers looking for full time jobs. This position would provide our students with more opportunities to be exposed to English electives and reduce class size in college level English courses, where our more challenged students tend to struggle. Additionally, by making this position full time it would provide stability to this department by reducing the likelihood of staff turnover due to part time positions. INTENDED OUTCOME: The expected results of this change would be increased opportunities for students to access English elective courses. It would contribute to reduction of class sizes in college level English courses, giving our students more possibilities for success. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Bartlett High POSITION:.4 Foreign Language Teacher COST: $31,740 RATIONALE: Two years ago, this department was cut by .4 due to budget concerns. It also addresses the fact that we have several courses currently with an enrollment of 30 or more in an orally conducted classroom. Also, with the middle school not offering level 1 Foreign Languages, we have more students opting into Spanish I or French I courses. Additionally, by making these positions full time it would provide stability to this department by reducing the likelihood of staff turnover due to part time positions. INTENDED OUTCOME: We would have increased opportunities for students to take Foreign Language electives and reduce class size. By making both of these positions full time it would allow students with more opportunities to take high level Foreign Language courses. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Bartlett High POSITION:.2 Music Teacher COST: $15,870 RATIONALE: This .2 was cut two years ago because of budget concerns. This position would provide our students with more opportunities to be exposed to the performing arts, which is currently a graduation requirement. Additionally, by making this position full time it would provide stability to this department by reducing the likelihood of staff turnover due to part time positions. INTENDED OUTCOME: The expected results of this change would be increased opportunities for students to access performing arts electives/classes. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Bartlett High POSITION: 1.0 STEM/Physics Teacher COST: $61,583 RATIONALE: The Physical Science pathway was cut this year (2016-2017) due to growing numbers in Biology and Algebra II. This position would reinstate this pathway allowing students to opt into Physics and STEM classes. By bringing back the STEM pathway we would be restoring an important lost component of our STRONG program for grade nine. At this time, our course enrollment indicates that we could potentially have 3 Physics and 3 STEM classes. INTENDED OUTCOME: This change would encourage our high academic achievers in grades 11 and 12 to take a different honors level course besides Anatomy and Physiology. For our more challenged learners, the STEM course provides an opportunity for receiving academic support in earning grade 9 lab science credit, as well as passing the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System test in Science in grade 9, thus obtaining the Competency Determination early in their high school career. BUDGET IMPACT SCHOOL / DEPARTMENT: Special Education POSITION: Increase from a .9 FTE to a 1.0 FTE Occupational Therapist/Registered (OT/R) COST: $9,195 (Difference) RATIONALE: Based on the current caseload trend, evaluation demands and supervision requirements, we are requesting an increase to a full time complement for OT/R services. The biggest area of concern in this specialty has been the inability to maintain timeline requirements for completion of evaluations. Often times, the OT evaluation is not completed by the team meeting and parents do not have a complete evaluation report to review as required prior to the meeting. Year to date, the OT/R has completed more than 50 evaluations while being responsible for staff supervision for the COTA and maintaining a treatment caseload for students across three buildings. INTENDED OUTCOME: Improved work flow and coverage of students requiring OT testing, timeline compliance, improved quality of evaluations, improved consultative time and follow through. BUDGET IMPACT DISTRICT POSITION: FT Technology Support Staff COST: $41,000 RATIONALE: With the increased presence of technology in the classroom, the school district requires a larger IT Staff to accommodate the increasing amount of support requests, as well as to reduce the wait time between ticket submission and resolution. Each of the 3 schools now has at least 500 Chromebook devices in the hands of each student and teacher. This changes the dynamic of IT issues from a Unit based repair strategy to a User based repair strategy, meaning that we need to address each User individually rather than addressing each Unit and simply instructing the User to utilize a different machine. User based strategies require more technicians simply due to the much larger number of users than the previous number of machines. INTENDED OUTCOME: The outcome of a larger IT department will be quicker turn-around in between ticket/issue submission and resolution for both teachers and students. This will result in more up-time for the users and less interruption in class and study time to deal with technical issues. DISTRICT POSITION: Parent Information Center Coordinator COST: $39,000 BUDGET IMPACT RATIONALE: The Parent Information Center (PIC) provides a comfortable and safe space for parents and guardians, guides families through the process of registering students for school, and helps families find local resources and services necessary to support their child's education and development throughout their lives. INTENDED OUTCOME: The Coordinator of the PIC will work to develop and strengthen collaborative partnerships with School Personnel, Parents & Guardians, Community and Private Organizations in order to enhance the opportunity for all students to thrive and be successful in school. Information: Information on the FY17 Budget and supporting documentation can be found on the Webster Public Schools web site at www.webster-schools.org under the Office of Business and Finance. The Office of Business and Finance is available to answer your questions: [email protected] or [email protected]. 34	<urn:uuid:9802833f-238b-40fe-a852-7d17ea387463>	CC-MAIN-2024-51	https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1676120921/websterschoolsorg/utqvppz3iaqymfcjynu6/fy18_school_budget_at-a-glance_2_28_17.pdf	2024-12-09T00:09:42+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-51/subset=warc/part-00156-b392068a-8e35-4497-8fab-a691b1a71843.c000.gz.parquet	443,079,478	9,910	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.984596	eng_Latn	0.998265	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 235, 899, 3290, 4236, 5936, 8333, 8472, 9722, 10594, 12495, 12639, 14091, 15868, 17377, 18495, 19750, 21780, 23826, 25687, 27960, 30710, 33262, 35545, 37565, 39418, 40328, 41225, 41852, 42896, 43927, 45050, 45745, 46085, 46089 ]
ParallelStructure A package to provide R framework to run genetic analysis software STRUCTURE and make use of multi-core computers 1 INTRODUCTION This Package provides a R framework to make use of multi-core computers when running analysis in the population genetics software STRUCTURE( Pritchard, Stephens & Donnelly (2000) ). STRUCTURE is one of the most widely used population genetic software of the last decade. Introduced in year 2000, it has brought outstanding contribution to the ﬁeld of population genetics by providing a user friendly tool for analyzing multi-locus genotype data to investigate population structure, hybridization, population admixture ...etc. Distributed as free software, http://pritch.bsd.uchicago.edu/structure.html the program comes in two versions: A user friendly graphic interface and a command line version. STRUCTURE analyses rely on multiple MCMC re-sampling and are thus often time consuming. In general, one eﬃcient way to speed up computing processes is to distribute tasks on several computing units (core/CPU). This solution imposes itself as the most common one since shared memory multi-core processors are now readily available on the market. Even common laptops are usually equiped with at least dual-core processors, and 4 to 8 core are becoming the norm. However, STRUCTURE does not support native multi-processor tasking. Nevertheless, it is possible to use STRUCTURE on multiple cores by simply opening several graphic-interface windows at the same time, or by using scripts to run STRUCTURE on the command line version and perform several STRUCTURE analysis simultaneously. Opening several graphic windows remains a suboptimum solution as the user needs to to run manually each analysis after the previous one is done. It is thus a poorly automatized solution. Using script programming can make a more eﬃcient use of the multi-core processors by automatically distributing analyses to all available cores/CPUs and renewing the task of each core/CPU when a given job is completed. This solution is more eﬃcient but requires speciﬁc script programming and parallel programming skills. The present package provides a R framework to run genetic analysis in STRUCTURE and make eﬃcient use of multi-core computers. It consists is a R script that imports STRUCTURE command line options into an R function, and run several STRUCTURE analysis in parallel by using either Rmpi package (MPI structure function) or parallel package (parallel structure function). 2 CONTENT The package consists in two main functions, MPI structure() and parallel structure() as well as an example data ﬁle and corresponding joblist ﬁle. The two functions MPI structure() and parallel structure() are equivalent as they perform the same task and work with the same input ﬁle and parameter set. The diﬀerence between them is the method that the function relies on for distributing jobs among CPUs: MPI structure() relies on the R package Rmpi whereas parallel structure() relies on R package parallel. Rmpi is distributed in the CRAN repository for MacOS, but will require manual installation under Windows (See section install Rmpi for windows in this document or from the Rmpi webpage http://www.stats.uwo.ca/faculty/yu/Rmpi/.. Parallel package is distributed with R since version 2.14.0 but is still under development. parallel structure() might not be fully functional under Windows architecture, and should not be used in GUI or embedded environments as it may cause crashes. We thus strongly recommend to use MPI structure() function by default in Windows. For Unix users, both MPI structure() and parallel structure() are available parallel structure() would require R to run from the terminal. A list of tasks to be performed is stored in a joblist ﬁle. In joblist ﬁle, each line corresponds to an individual job. While STRUCTURE input format requires a diﬀerent dataset for each set of population, ParallelStructure oﬀers the possibility for the user to work from a large input ﬁle containing all the populations one might need to analyze in STRUCTURE. Then, a set of "jobs" is deﬁned in which all or only a subset of population can be included. This avoids making a diﬀerent input ﬁle for each population subset. For each job, the user deﬁnes the set of populations to be included, STRUCTURE parameter K, burin and number of iteration. If all population in the data must be analyzed pairwise (all VS all), the list of populations for the given job can be replaced by "pairwaise.matrix" (see job T11 in example joblist) 3 USE Standard documentation is available from R command ``` ?ParallelStructure ?MPI_structure ?parallel_structure MPI structure and parallel structure functions take many arguments, most of which are directly imported from STRUCTURE command line instructions. (see http://pritch.bsd.uchicago.edu/software/readme_2_1/node33.html Ohter arguments are speciﬁc to ParallelStructure functions: -inﬁle: name of the dataﬁle, eg: "structure data" -outpath: folder to write result ﬁles e.g "example/results/" -joblist: name of the joblist ﬁle e.g "example/joblist1" -n cpu: number of core/CPU to be used for computation. -structure path: R must ﬁnd the location of executable STRUCTURE command line ﬁle. this can be achieved in diﬀerent ways: Either in R: copy the location of STRUCTURE executable in a local variable my path , eg: for MacOS my path="/Applications/Structure.app/Contents/Resources/Java/bin/" or Windows my path="c:/Program Files (x86)/Structure2.3.4/bin/" Then, run the function in R with following arguments: MPI_structure(structure_path=my_path,joblist='joblist1.txt',n_cpu=4, infile='example_data.txt',outpath='structure_results/',numinds=987, numloci=9,printqhat=1) ``` ``` Alternatively it is possible to make STRUCTURE executable ﬁle available from any place in the computer (in such case, set structure path=NULL when calling the R function): On MacOS: copy the STRUCTURE executable command line from /Applications/Structure.app/Contents/Resources/Java/bin/ into usr/local/bin or on Windows, copy the address c:/Program Files (x86)/Structure2.3.4/bin/ into the environment variable : Right click "My Computer" and choose "Properties". Click "Advanced system ``` ``` settings" to get a new window. Click "Environment Variables. Locate variable "PATH" Do not erase environment variables already present in the list. Add at the end of Variable value: ";c:/Program Files (x86)/Structure2.3.4/bin/" 3.1 Example -1 call ParallelStructure in R: library(ParallelStructure) -2 make a directory to store result ﬁles called "structure results" in R for unix: system('mkdir structure_results') OR in R for Windows: shell('mkdir structure_results') -3 call example data ﬁle and joblisﬁle from the R package data(structure_data) data(structure_jobs) -4 Write dataﬁle and joblist ﬁle as text ﬁles in the working directory write(t(structure_jobs),ncol=length(structure_jobs[1,]),file='joblist1.txt') write(t(structure_data),ncol=length(structure_data[1,]),file='example_data.txt') -5 Run STRUCTURE job with MPI structure function: If STRUCTURE executable is accessible from environment variables: Run MPI structure MPI_structure(structure_path=NULL,joblist='joblist1.txt',n_cpu=4, infile='example_data.txt',outpath='structure_results/',numinds=987, numloci=9,printqhat=1) If STRUCTURE executable is NOT accessible from environment variables: ﬁrst deﬁne the location of STRUCTURE executable: my_path="/Applications/Structure.app/Contents/Resources/Java/bin/" OR ``` ``` my_path="c:/Program Files (x86)/Structure2.3.4/bin/" then run MPI structure MPI_structure(structure_path=my_path,joblist='joblist1.txt',n_cpu=4, infile='example_data.txt',outpath='structure_results/',numinds=987, numloci=9,printqhat=1) ``` 4 OUTPUTS ParallelStructure will run STRUCTURE for all speciﬁed jobs in the joblist ﬁle, and write the output f ﬁles in the directory speciﬁed in parameter "outpath". If parameters printqhat=1 or plot output=1, q ﬁles and graphs in ˙pdf format are also produced in the same directory. ParallelStructure also produces one .csv ﬁle called "results summary" in the working directory. This ﬁle contains a table that summarises for each job listed in the joblist ﬁle: main job parameters (job ID, k, number of iteration and burnin, as well as result summary statistics log likelihood of the data, mean and variance of the log likelihood, and mean value of alpha) 5 INSTALL 5.1 MacOS 5.1.1 Rmpi Install Rmpi from the CRAN repository, or follow the instruction in http: //www.stats.uwo.ca/faculty/yu/Rmpi/ for manual installation. 5.1.2 ParallelStructure Download binary ﬁle from http://r-forge.r-project.org/R/?group_id=1636 Then install ParallelStructure package from local .tar.gz archive by typing in R ``` install.packages("ParallelStructure_1.0.tar.gz",type='source') ``` OR from R-forge repository by typing in R: install.packages("ParallelStructure", repos="http://R-Forge.R-project.org") 5.2 Windows 5.2.1 Rmpi Rmpi for Windows is not available from CRAN repository. To install Rmpi, follow the next steps or look at the instruction from: http://www.stats.uwo. ca/faculty/yu/Rmpi/ for manual installation. 1- Install MPICH2 for windows (32 or 64 bit depending on the R version you are using) http://www.mpich.org/downloads/ During installation you will have to specify a pass phrase, keep the default "behappy" or change it for a new one. 2- Go to your program ﬁles (or program ﬁles(x86) if you installed 32 bit version). search for MPICH2 folder and run wmpiregister. You need to register your username id and password for your computer session. click on "register" and "OK" 3- Add MPICH2 bin directory to PATH environment variable: Right click "My Computer" and choose "Properties". Click "Advanced system settings" to get a new window. Click "Environment Variables. Locate variable "PATH" Do not erase environment variables already present in the list. Add at the end of Variable value: ";C:\Program Files\MPICH2\bin" (OR ";C:\Program Files x(86)\MPICH2\bin" if you installed 32 bit version) ``` 4- open "command prompt" as administrator. make sure you are on "C" drive. (if not, type "c:" to change drive ), then type smpd -install -phrase behappy (or change "behappy" by the passphrase you entered in step 1) then type smpd -status it should return "smpd running on "hostname" " ``` 5- Download Rmpi for Windows here: http://www.stats.uwo.ca/faculty/ yu/Rmpi/ Launch R with administrator to install Rmpi. Use the option "install from local .zip ﬁle" Quit R and launch R with normal user. Try the following codes to see if Rmpi runs properly ``` library(Rmpi) mpi.spawn.Rslaves() mpi.parReplicate(20, mean(rnorm(1000000))) ``` ``` mpi.close.Rslaves() ``` 5.2.2 ParallelStructure Download binary ﬁle from http://r-forge.r-project.org/R/?group_id=1636 Then install ParallelStructure package from local .zip archive by typing in R install.packages("ParallelStructure_1.0.zip",repos=NULL) OR from R-forge repository by typing in R: install.packages("ParallelStructure", repos="http://R-Forge.R-project.org") 5.3 Linux 5.3.1 Rmpi Rmpi for Linux is not available from CRAN repository. To install Rmpi, follow the instructions from: http://www.stats.uwo.ca/faculty/yu/Rmpi/ for manual installation. However, because Linux runs R from Terminal by default, Linux users can simply install ParallelStructure package without Rmpi, and use the equivalemt function parallel structure(). This only requires R version 2.14 or later. 5.3.2 ParallelStructure Download binary ﬁle from http://r-forge.r-project.org/R/?group_id=1636 Then install ParallelStructure package from local .tar.gz archive by typing in R install.packages("ParallelStructure_1.0.tar.gz",type='source') OR from R-forge repository by typing in R: install.packages("ParallelStructure", repos="http://R-Forge.R-project.org") 6 WARNING: USE OF POPINFO Using ParallelStructure functions with usepopinfo=1 may produce STRUCTURE output ﬁles with a column of population IDs that does not match the initial input data ﬁle. Details and possible solutions are given bellow: In STRUCTURE, a column of population IDs (pop ID) can be included in the input ﬁle (see option POPDATA). If USEPOPINFO=0, pop ID is not used as prior information to assist clustering, pop ID is then just a convenient information to separate the individuals in the output graph, and can contain any user deﬁned list of integers as population identiﬁcator. However, if USEPOPINFO=1, pop ID is used as prior information to assist clustering, STRUCTURE will need that the integers in pop ID are equal or smaller than K. e.g., if STRUCTURE runs with parameter K=3, pop ID can only contain integers from 1 to 3. ParallelStructure oﬀers the possibility to analyse large datasets in multiple ways without need for the user to split the data manually and generate multiple subdatasets. The scripts in ParallelStructure will generate these sub-datasets automatically. For example: if the main dataset contains ﬁve populations, and pop ID is a column of integers from 1 to 5, ``` pop ID 1 ... 2 ... 5 and the analyses to be performed are stated in the joblist ﬁle as: ``` ``` T1 1,2,3 3 1000 10000 T2 3,4,5 3 1000 10000 Job T1 will consist in the analysis of populations 1,2 and 3 Job T2 will consist in the analysis of populations 3,4 and 5 ``` ParallelStructure will automatically generate one sub-dataﬁle for each job: with population 1,2 and 3 for job T1, and with populations 3,4 and 5 for job T2. For job T2 however, pop ID will need to be converted and IDs 3,4 and 5 will be converted into 1,2 and 3 in order to match STRUCTURE's requirements that pop ID contains only integers from 1 to n where n is equal or smaller than K. When USEPOPINFO=1, this conversion is done automatically by ParallelStructure scritps. The output ﬁles ( f and q) contain the converted pop IDs wich are diﬀerent from the original data ﬁle pop IDs. The user can chose bertween two options to deal with pop IDs: 1- Using ParallelStructure functions with option revert convert=1. With this option, ParallelStructure will import STRUCTURE output ﬁles ( q and f) in R, change the population IDs into the original ones and write the ﬁles back into the "outpath" directory. During that process, STRUCTURE output ﬁles are slightly modiﬁed (number of space separators in the individual assignment table). We would thus warn the users that revert convert=1 might be a source of bugg when using resource programs such as CLUMPP or Structure harvester to analyse STRUCTURE outputs. The function was tested on the example data ﬁle with USEPOPINFO=1 and REVERT CONVERT=1. The resulting f and q ﬁles were successfully uploaded into structure harverster, however, other data ﬁles might not work as well. We invite the users to be careful and report such bugg to the authors 2- Doing nothing: (using ParallelStructure functions with default option revert convert=0) This is the best way to preserve STRUCTURE output ﬁles untouched and ready to be imported into resource programs such as CLUMPP or Structure harvester. Using a column of individuals IDs that also contain a population indicator (e.g. pop1.1, pop1.2 ... pop2.1, pop2.2 etc...) is also a convenient way to keep easily interpretable output ﬁles.	<urn:uuid:c5c8fa0a-c960-49f5-b947-d76cbd9b2773>	CC-MAIN-2018-39	http://parallstructure.r-forge.r-project.org/ParallelStructure.pdf	2018-09-24T13:40:40Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160454.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924125835-20180924150235-00071.warc.gz	190,382,448	3,671	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.960233	eng_Latn	0.987247	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2426, 4561, 6242, 7530, 8976, 10737, 12124, 14259, 15315 ]
Nanoscale $\pi-\pi$ stacked molecules are bound by collective charge fluctuations Jan Hermann¹, Dario Alfè²,³,⁴ & Alexandre Tkatchenko¹,⁵ Non-covalent $\pi - \pi$ interactions are central to chemical and biological processes, yet the full understanding of their origin that would unite the simplicity of empirical approaches with the accuracy of quantum calculations is still missing. Here we employ a quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian model for van der Waals interactions, to demonstrate that intermolecular electron correlation in large supramolecular complexes at equilibrium distances is appropriately described by collective charge fluctuations. We visualize these fluctuations and provide connections both to orbital-based approaches to electron correlation, as well as to the simple London pairwise picture. The reported binding energies of ten supramolecular complexes obtained from the quantum-mechanical fluctuation model joined with density functional calculations are within 5% of the reference energies calculated with the diffusion quantum Monte-Carlo method. Our analysis suggests that $\pi - \pi$ stacking in supramolecular complexes can be characterized by strong contributions to the binding energy from delocalized, collective charge fluctuations—in contrast to complexes with other types of bonding. ¹Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. ²Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ³Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ⁴London Centre for Nanotechnology and Thomas Young Centre@UCL, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ⁵Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162a Avenue de la Faïencerie, Luxembourg L-1511, Luxembourg. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.T. (email: [email protected]). The non-covalent $\pi - \pi$ interactions between conjugated aromatic rings play a key role in a wide range of chemical and biological processes. These interactions contribute significantly to nucleobase stacking in RNA and DNA\textsuperscript{1}, protein folding\textsuperscript{2}, molecular recognition\textsuperscript{3}, template-directed synthesis\textsuperscript{4} and assembly of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures\textsuperscript{5}. Despite intense experimental and theoretical studies, the conceptual understanding of $\pi - \pi$ interactions in these complex systems is still largely based on small model systems such as the prototypical benzene dimer. Hunter and Sanders\textsuperscript{6} coined a classical perspective on $\pi - \pi$ interactions, in which they emphasized the electrostatic quadrupole interactions between $\pi$ orbitals. With later advances in electronic structure theory, it became clear that the reality is in fact an intricate interplay between electrostatic interactions, Pauli repulsion and London dispersion. Countless efforts have been put into the correct prediction of the most stable conformer of the benzene dimer, resulting in the excellent accuracy of $\sim 0.1$ kcal mol\textsuperscript{-1} (refs 7–12). However, due to the complex mathematical structure of high-level quantum chemistry methods, the complete understanding of the nature of the binding remains a challenge even in such relatively small systems. This situation even led to recent suggestions that there is really nothing special about $\pi - \pi$ stacking in terms of intermolecular interactions, and that the term should be abandoned altogether\textsuperscript{13,14}. On the other hand, Dobson and others\textsuperscript{15} have emphasized that collective plasmon fluctuations in zero-gap one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems, including conjugated graphene sheets, can lead to unusual power laws for the binding energies at separations beyond 10 nm\textsuperscript{15,16}. The transition from the zero to finite gap between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) was further investigated by Misquitta et al.\textsuperscript{17} who related the difference to the inherently non-local response of the zero-gap systems. The plasmon-based approaches are effective for revealing asymptotic behaviour of vdW interactions between prototypical low-dimensional systems. However, conceptual understanding of interactions for equilibrium molecular geometries and their quantitative description remains an open problem. In this work, we present a viewpoint on binding in supramolecular $\pi - \pi$ systems that is based on correlation of collective quantum electron-density fluctuations, while being backed up by a quantitative model that is able to provide highly accurate predictions of binding energies. To this end, we employ the many-body dispersion (MBD) method\textsuperscript{18,19}, which captures the anisotropy and collective nature of long-range correlation in such systems, while maintaining a wavefunction that is transparent enough for further analysis. We establish validity of this model by comparing with the binding energies of ten supramolecular complexes obtained by high-level diffusion quantum Monte-Carlo (DQMC) calculations. We then proceed to show how the correlation mechanism in MBD corresponds to that of virtual electronic excitations to unoccupied $\pi$-like orbitals in correlated quantum chemistry methods. This enables us to interpret the fluctuations in this model directly as correlated charge oscillations of the electronic clouds. We provide visual representation of these collective fluctuations and show how they build on, extend and generalize the atomic pairwise picture of London dispersion from small model molecules to large realistic systems. Furthermore, we decompose the total binding energies of various types of supramolecular complexes into the individual fluctuation modes and thus provide evidence that the collective nature of these fluctuations is characteristic of the conjugated systems. Results Binding energies of three supramolecular complexes. We start by analysing a set of three already synthesized\textsuperscript{20,21} and theoretically investigated\textsuperscript{22–24} supramolecular $\pi - \pi$ complexes (Fig. 1a), consisting of a C70 fullerene guest molecule hosted by two different cyclopaparaphenyles (CPPs; C1 and C2) and a buckycatcher molecule (C3). The CPPs are the simplest structural units of ‘armchair’ carbon nanotubes and their complexes are precursors of fullerene peapods\textsuperscript{25,26}. The buckycatcher complex, on the other hand, represents a class of convex-concave $\pi - \pi$ systems\textsuperscript{27}. The experimental free energies of association of these complexes are 7, 7 (ref. 28) and 5 kcal mol\textsuperscript{-1} (ref. 29), respectively, making C1 and C2 degenerate in terms of stability. Reliable theoretical prediction of free energies of association is yet an unsolved task burdened by numerous complications, especially concerning the contribution of solvation effects\textsuperscript{30}. Our focus here is instead on the electronic origin of $\pi - \pi$ bonding and hence the relevant quantities are the binding energies. As we need to validate our vdW model as described below, we require reliable reference results to begin with. To avoid the issues associated with estimating binding energies from experimental free energies, we have employed a theoretical reference in the form of DQMC binding energies as an alternative. DQMC approximates the exact solution of the electronic Schrödinger equation to an arbitrary level of accuracy within the fixed-node approximation\textsuperscript{31} and has been shown to yield agreement within 0.1 kcal mol\textsuperscript{-1} with the quantum-chemical coupled-cluster method, which is considered the ‘gold standard’ for mid-sized molecular complexes\textsuperscript{32}. However, unlike the coupled-cluster method, DQMC scales favourably with the system size and permits calculations of larger systems\textsuperscript{33–35}, including the ones of concern here. We note that relative trends in the binding energies of the complexes (Fig. 2), ![Figure 1](image-url) including the degeneracy of C1 and C2, match with the trends in the free energies of association, further supporting our focus on the binding energies. Although DQMC provides highly accurate predictions of the binding energies, its wavefunction is not directly accessible, hindering any conceptual insight into the nature of the binding and requiring calculations at the edge of current high-performance computing. To overcome this limitation, we employ the MBD model, which is built on a quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian that can be solved exactly and at a manageable computational cost\textsuperscript{18,19}, and show that the resulting wavefunctions can be interpreted in a straightforward manner. In particular, the MBD model represents each atom with a pseudoelectron in a harmonic potential, which is constructed in such a way as to reproduce the long-range dynamic response of valence electrons of an atom within a 3% accuracy\textsuperscript{36}. The quantum charge fluctuations in such pseudoatoms are then correlated within the dipole approximation to all orders of the interaction potential, to obtain the long-range electron correlation energy\textsuperscript{37,38}. The MBD method has been successfully used to model vdW interactions in a broad range of systems, ranging from small gas-phase complexes to molecular crystals\textsuperscript{39}, to hybrid interfaces\textsuperscript{40}, to complex nanostructured materials\textsuperscript{34}. Correct description of binding energetics in supramolecular complexes is challenging due to the delicate balance between different types of intermolecular interactions. Therefore, any approximate model requires a systematic verifications of its accuracy for a given class of supramolecular systems. In this regard, Fig. 2 demonstrates that MBD is fully capable of describing all three complexes C1–C3. The only deviation from the reference occurs for C3 and amounts to an underbinding of 1.5 kcal mol\textsuperscript{−1} (4%) outside the statistical range given by DQMC, which can be attributed to possible inaccuracies in the coupling of MBD to the underlying density functional of Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) and to neglected higher-multipole coupling. To put the predictions of MBD in context, they can be compared with those of the D3 dispersion model as calculated by Antony \textit{et al.}\textsuperscript{24} D3 employs a pairwise approximation to London dispersion with an optional three-body correction and, although the latter improves the bare pairwise results (see Fig. 2), the deviations from DQMC are still as much as 7 kcal mol\textsuperscript{−1}. Without the three-body correction, the deviations would be as much as 12 kcal mol\textsuperscript{−1}, suggesting already at this level the importance of the higher-order contributions. An explanation for why the higher-order contributions destabilize the complexes within the framework of MBD is given below. Changes in molecular polarizabilities. Having established the accuracy of MBD for the systems in question, we proceed with analysis of the mechanism of the binding by inspecting the correlated wavefunctions of the MBD Hamiltonian. The many-body correlation effects can be roughly divided into intra- and intermolecular terms. Within an isolated molecule or material, they manifest themselves in the non-trivial dependence of the total polarizability on the system size\textsuperscript{41,42}. The long-range electrodynamic screening can lead to both increased or decreased polarizability with respect to sum of atomic polarizabilities, depending on the geometry and dimensionality of the system. For example, fullerenes with their relatively bulky shape are typically depolarized by these effects\textsuperscript{18}, whereas linear and planar systems often exhibit enhanced polarizability. The latter can lead to increased stabilization of some $\pi-\pi$ stacked systems as observed by Grimme and colleagues\textsuperscript{13,43} for linear condensed acenes. In the complexes studied here, the fullerene molecule shows 25% depolarization with respect to the sum of atomic polarizabilities, whereas the CPP rings in C1 and C2 show 31% and 35% increase, respectively. Having said that, this intramolecular portion of the electron correlation, while heavily influencing the magnitude of the intermolecular binding, is not its cause. In particular, the intramolecular correlation is captured in the diagonal blocks of the non-local polarizability $\alpha(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{r}')$, the blocks being defined by the interacting components (see Fig. 3 and Supplementary Figs 1 and 2 for plots of $\alpha$). The intermolecular correlation, on the other hand, is encoded in the much finer structure of the off-diagonal blocks, which is propagated into differences in the wavefunction of the whole complex with respect to those of the isolated fragments. Charge polarization induced by vdW interactions. In the quantum chemistry picture, the correlation of the fragment wavefunctions in conjugated complexes occurs largely via $\pi \rightarrow \pi^$ ![Figure 2](image1.png) Figure 2 \| Interaction energies of complexes C1-C3 (kcal mol\textsuperscript{−1}).* The energies are evaluated with respect to relaxed fragments (see Supplementary Data 1). DQMC is the reference diffusion quantum Monte-Carlo method\textsuperscript{31}. The blue bar indicates the statistical sampling errors in the energy, which are inherent to the method. MBD is the MBD method\textsuperscript{19} calculated on top of the PBE exchange-correlation density functional\textsuperscript{58}. D3 is the DFT-D3 approach\textsuperscript{59} with the optional three-body correction on top of the PW6B95 density functional; the values were taken from refs 23,24. Numerical values are presented in Supplementary Table 1. ![Figure 3](image2.png) Figure 3 \| Heat map of the xy component of the interfragment non-local polarizability $\alpha_{xy}$ in [10]CPP-C70. Red and blue represent positive and negative values, respectively. Rows and columns correspond to carbon atoms of [10]CPP and C70, respectively, with four select carbon atoms color-coded to the marked atoms in the structure in the inset. excitations to the unoccupied $\pi$-like orbitals. As these orbitals have a larger spatial extent, this correlation process leads to shift of the electrons from the atoms to the outer regions. In the density functional theory (DFT) picture, the correlation is induced by a change in the local exchange-correlation potential, which becomes decaying slightly slower with the distance from the nuclei, allowing the electrons to shift outwards. Figure 4a shows such a shift in a benzene dimer as obtained from a DFT calculation with the self-consistent Tkatchenko–Scheffler (TS) functional\textsuperscript{34}. Finally, consider the MBD picture, where the correlation arises via coupling of the charge fluctuations within the individual fragments into collective fluctuations that may span the whole complex. These are obtained directly as single-particle solutions $\phi_i$ of the underlying many-body Hamiltonian $H_{\text{MBD}}$ (see equation (5) in Methods), $$\hat{h}_i^{\text{MBD}} \phi_i(\xi_i) = \omega_i \phi_i(\xi_i)$$ (1) where $\omega_i$ are frequencies (energies) of the coupled fluctuations, which have the form of linear combinations of the atomic fluctuations, $\xi_i = \sum_A C_{iA} \xi_A$. The binding combinations (in analogy to bonding orbitals) have lower energies, which leads to an increased spatial extent of the fluctuations as shown by the charge density differences in Fig. 4b. The charge densities $\rho(\mathbf{r})$ are calculated explicitly from the MBD coupled wavefunctions $\|\psi_{\text{MBD}}\rangle = \prod_i \phi_i(\xi_i)$ via the charge density operator $\hat{\rho}$ (see Methods for details), $$\rho_{\text{MBD}}(\mathbf{r}) = \langle \psi_{\text{MBD}} \| \hat{\rho} \| \psi_{\text{MBD}} \rangle$$ (2) The total displaced charge (integral over charge-accumulating regions) amounts to 0.0101 and 0.0097 electrons, as obtained from the TS density functional and the MBD wavefunctions, respectively. Given the much different basis of these two approaches and the absence of any explicit parametrization of MBD with respect to spatial representation of the electron density, we find the close match between the two approaches reassuring of the solid physical foundation of the underlying charge fluctuations in MBD. The orbital-based approaches of quantum chemistry can be linked to MBD by considering the solution of the MBD Hamiltonian as would be provided by standard quantum chemistry methods. In such an approach, the ground $s$-states of the harmonic oscillators in MBD would be correlated via virtual excitations to their first excited states, which have the symmetry of $p$-orbitals. As atomic $p$-orbitals form the basis of the molecular $\pi$-orbitals, this may explain why MBD is particularly fitting for description of $\pi - \pi$ systems. (We note that this analogy is only partial though—the final states in the transitions are corresponding, but the initial states have a different symmetry.) Figure 4c illustrates that in a large supramolecular $\pi - \pi$ complex, the charge polarization induced by vdW interactions fills the whole intermolecular region. In this case, the total displaced charge amounts to 0.11 electrons, an order of magnitude increase from the benzene dimer, which corresponds to the same increase in the vdW interaction energy. Figure 4 \| Analysis of correlated charge fluctuations in supramolecular complexes and benzene dimer. (a-c) Electron density differences (charge polarization) between a complex and its isolated fragments induced by vdW interactions. Yellow and blue colour denote accumulation and depletion of charge density, respectively. Magnitude of the density difference is mapped to saturation of the colour with 50% saturation corresponding to the density of $2 \times 10^{-5}$ and $4 \times 10^{-5}$ a.u. for the benzene dimer and the complex C1, respectively. Charge polarizations were obtained either from a DFT calculation with a self-consistent TS functional in the parallel-displaced benzene dimer (see Fig. 1) (a) or directly from the correlated MBD wavefunctions (see main text for details) for the benzene dimer (b) and the complex C1 (c). In the latter case, the relevant charge densities are calculated as expectation values of the charge density operator, $\langle \psi_{\text{MBD}} \| \hat{\rho} \| \psi_{\text{MBD}} \rangle$. (d) Energy densities of the oscillation states for parallel-displaced benzene dimer (top) and complex C1 (bottom). Gaussian smoothing with half-width of 0.06 eV was applied. (e,f) Selective collective fluctuation modes. The arrows represent in-phase dipole fluctuations of the electron density on the individual atoms. For benzene dimer (e), the lowest-energy dipole–dipole corresponds to the in-plane fluctuations on both monomers in the parallel-displaced conformation (top), but not in the T-shaped conformation (bottom). For complex C1 (f), the dipole (left) and quadrupole (right) in-plane oscillations are amongst the ones most contributing to the total binding energy. Formation of collective charge fluctuations. The formation of collective fluctuations in the complex is associated with a broadening of the oscillation frequencies with respect to those in the isolated fragments, which can be directly observed on the energy densities of the oscillation states. Figure 4d shows that although this broadening has a more complex shape in the complex C1 than in the benzene dimer, the overall character is similar in both cases, reflecting the fact that the mechanisms of the binding are in fact the same. We note that in contrast to the splitting of atomic orbital energies on formation of molecular orbitals, which is symmetric and facilitates the bonding via partial occupancy of the orbital space, here all states are singly occupied (the fluctuations are bosonic) and the binding arises as a result of an asymmetry in the splitting. Further insight can be obtained by analysing individual oscillation modes. Many of the collective modes have a distinct character that corresponds to global dipole, quadrupole or higher-multipole oscillations extending over the whole complex. In general, the energy ordering of the modes coincides with an increasing angular moment, with collective dipole-like fluctuations having typically the lowest energy. However, this is not always the case as can be observed on the two nearly degenerate conformations of the benzene dimer. Figure 4e shows that in the parallel-displaced conformer (top), the lowest-energy collective fluctuation corresponds to two aligned in-plane dipole fluctuations in the monomers, whereas in the T-shaped conformer (bottom) the corresponding collective mode comprises one in-plane and one out-of-plane monomer fluctuation, the latter having a substantially lower polarizability. These observations are manifested in the vdW interaction energies as well, which are reduced by the higher-order many-body effects by 8% and 3% in the parallel-displaced and T-shaped conformation, respectively. In the supramolecular complex C1 (Fig. 4f), the fluctuations most contributing to the binding correspond to dipole and quadrupole oscillations spanning the whole complex. This can be related to the standard London picture of pairwise dispersion, where fluctuating dipoles on individual atoms are being correlated. Figure 4f demonstrates that this view can be generalized to the case of large complexes not via sum over the atom pairs, but rather by considering collective fluctuating dipoles and higher multipoles of the whole molecules, akin to wavelike dipole fluctuations or plasmons in nanomaterials. In this framework, the destabilization by the many-body correlation effects with respect to the second-order (pairwise) approximation can be understood by considering the degrees of freedom of the correlation. In the pairwise picture, the oscillations within each atom pair are correlated independently, essentially resulting in an ‘overcorrelation’. In contrast, the collective fluctuation model correlates all atomic dipole oscillations at once, allowing only for a moderate amount of correlation. As the differences in the degrees of freedom grow with the system size, the many-body effects are more pronounced in the supramolecular complexes, where they reduce the binding energies by as much as 16%, or 6 kcal mol$^{-1}$, in the case of the buckyball catcher. Trends across structural motifs. We have demonstrated how collective charge fluctuations are responsible for binding in the three studied supramolecular complexes, and that quantitative models, which take this into account, provide accurate predictions of the binding energies. The last part of our work deals with two questions: (i) are these findings transferable to other conjugated systems? (ii) Are they characteristic of conjugated systems? The magnitude of the binding and especially the contribution of the higher-order many-body correlation effects is a combined result of several factors including the degree of symmetry of a system, its topology, compactness, and mutual orientation of the host and the guest. To investigate whether our model can account for these different factors, we have calculated the binding energies of a set of conformations of the C70 fullerene hosted in [N]cyclopaphenyleneacetylene rings, with N ranging from 6 to 8 (see Fig. 5). The geometries were selected to cover a spectrum of interaction motifs, ranging from tightly stacked to open structures, and containing both symmetric as well as distorted cases. The case of $N = 6$ was previously studied by Yuan et al., but their focus was mostly on equilibrium structures. The MBD binding energies are compared with the results of DQMC as well as the TS method, which is a reliable model for vdW interactions in smaller systems and simple solids, but neglects the higher-order correlation effects. As in the case of the CPP-based complexes, MBD provides binding energies in excellent agreement with DQMC, with the largest difference of 1.7 kcal mol$^{-1}$ (5%) and the mean absolute difference of 0.9 kcal mol$^{-1}$. Furthermore, there is no clear pattern in the remaining small differences, suggesting that MBD treats the various types of geometries included in the sample on an equal footing. In contrast, the pairwise TS method in general overbinds, with differences ranging from 2 to 13 kcal/mol. Part of this overbinding can be attributed to the lack of short-range screening in TS; however, most of the specific differences on individual systems stem from the ‘overcorrelation’ introduced above. We observe that these differences are largest in the tightly stacked structures, resulting in the largest overbinding and a seeming stability of these systems. With MBD and DQMC, on the other Figure 5 \| Interaction energies of C70 in [N]cyclopaphenyleneacetylene ($6 \leq N \leq 8$). The sample was selected to cover a broad spectrum of geometrical motifs and hence the individual geometries are not necessarily energy minima. However, all geometries are stationary points of the potential energy surface. The energies are calculated with respect to relaxed fragments (see Supplementary Data 1). DQMC is the diffusion quantum Monte-Carlo method (not given for system 7), whereas MBD and TS are the MBD model and TS method calculated on top of the PBE functional, respectively. $\Delta$ denotes the energy difference between MBD and TS in kcal mol$^{-1}$. Numerical values are presented in Supplementary Table 2. hand, these structures are much closer in binding energy to the more extended conformations. Analysis of individual fluctuation modes. vdW interactions in all materials are caused by correlation of charge fluctuations and we have shown above that these fluctuations are non-local and collective in the case of conjugated $\pi - \pi$ systems. To investigate whether such characteristics are specific to these systems, we have analysed the fluctuation mode that contributes most to the total binding energy in seven select complexes from the data sets S12L\textsuperscript{23} and S8 (ref. 24; see Supplementary Figs 3 and 4), covering all distinct types of bonding therein, which range from $\pi - \pi$ stacking (two ‘tweezer’ complexes, one ‘pincer’ complex and the [10]CPP complex studied above) to hydrogen bonding, to electrostatic interactions (a pseudorotaxane complex, an amide macrocycle complex and a cucurbituril complex). The fluctuation modes of a complex can be expanded in terms of the fluctuation modes of the individual monomers with equation (10) (see Supplementary Methods for details). A simple yet revealing measure of the number of components of such an expansion is the inverse of the largest expansion coefficient (as an example, consider the expansion $1 = \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3}$, where this measure would be 3). In the four conjugated supramolecular complexes, we find 2.3, 2.8, 3.0 and 4.4, whereas in the three complexes with other types of bonding, we find 1.1, 1.1 and 1.7, demonstrating that the modes in the former group are significantly more collective. As an illustrative example, the most contributing fluctuation mode in the $\pi - \pi$ stacked ‘tweezer’ complex in Fig. 6a corresponds to a collective dipole-like fluctuation, whereas it is mostly localized and unordered on the guest molecule in the electrostatically bound cucurbituril complex in Fig. 6b. In the latter case, the mode is strongly binding because of its large polarizability and unspecific correlation with the modes of the host molecule. Although performed on a limited number of systems, these preliminary results already suggest that the collective charge fluctuations indeed are characteristic of the conjugated complexes. Discussion In previous works, collective charge fluctuations (molecular plasmons\textsuperscript{47}) have been discussed predominantly within the context of solids and low-dimensional extended systems\textsuperscript{15–17}. Our findings show that they serve as a natural description of long-range electron correlation in molecular systems, not only at the asymptotic limit, but at equilibrium distances as well, and furthermore that the corresponding models can be made fully quantitative. We have demonstrated that using a relatively simple Hamiltonian model for these fluctuations, one can: (i) calculate binding energies of supramolecular complexes within chemical accuracy with respect to high-level reference data, (ii) obtain both quantitatively and spatially correct charge polarization due to long-range electron correlation with respect to density-functional calculations, and (iii) analyse and visualize the individual fluctuations and their contributions to the total binding energy. Two different models (TS and D3), which do not account for the collective charge oscillations, are not capable of predicting binding energies of a comparable accuracy. Our analysis also suggests that such fluctuations are especially important in conjugated systems in comparison with complexes with other types of bonding. One of the main characteristics of aromatic systems is their relatively narrow HOMO-LUMO gap, making them an interesting point on the zero-gap to large-gap spectrum\textsuperscript{17,48}. An essential property of the dipole oscillators used in our model is that they are not point dipoles, but rather have a natural width. This is crucial for predicting accurate molecular polarizabilities, but also seems to effectively provide the amount of delocalization in the molecular response that is required to describe long-range electron correlation in finite-gap systems such as those studied in this work. The fully delocalized electrons that can be found in metallic systems and that can lead to type-C non-additivity as classified by Dobson\textsuperscript{49} are not explicitly accounted for by our model and this challenge is currently the topic of our work. Methods Many-body dispersion. MBD\textsuperscript{18,19,50} models the electrons of each atom as a harmonic oscillator with the static polarizability $z_0$ and oscillation frequency $\omega = 4C_6 / 3\varepsilon_0^2$ calculated from the $C_6$ dispersion coefficient. These parameters are obtained from the electron density by scaling the corresponding free-atom values with a ratio of the Hirshfeld volumes of the atoms in the molecule and free atoms, $$z_0 = z_0^\text{free} \frac{V}{V^\text{free}}$$ (3) The scaled atomic polarizabilities are then screened via the Dyson screening equation using the short-range part of the dipole potential. $$\tilde{\mathbf{x}} = \mathbf{x} - \mathbf{x} \mathbf{T}^{-1} \mathbf{x}$$ (4) The resulting fully non-local polarizability $\tilde{\mathbf{x}}$ (see Supplementary Fig. 1) is then contracted back to individual atoms. The polarizabilities obtained in this way are then used as an input into the MBD Hamiltonian, $$H_{\text{MBD}} = -\frac{1}{2} \sum_A \nabla_A^2 \xi_A + \frac{1}{2} \sum_A \omega_A^2 \xi_A^2 + \frac{1}{2} \sum_{AB} \omega_A \omega_B \sqrt{\tilde{z}_{0,A} \tilde{z}_{0,B}} \xi_A T_{AB}^L \xi_B$$ (5) where $\xi_A = \sqrt{m_A} (\mathbf{r}_A - \mathbf{R}_A)$ is the mass-weighted displacement of the pseudoelectron on atom $A$ from its equilibrium position $\mathbf{R}_A$, and $T_{AB}^L$ is the long-range part of the dipole potential. The solution is obtained by direct diagonalization which is possible due to the biquadratic form of the Hamiltonian and leads to the set of coupled fluctuation frequencies $\omega_i$ and harmonic modes $\xi_i = \sum_A C_{iA} \xi_A$. The MBD energy is then given by a plasmon-pole formula $$E_{\text{MBD}} = \frac{1}{2} \sum_i \omega_i - \frac{3}{2} \sum_A \omega_A$$ (6) An alternative and fully equivalent formulation, which allows for expansion of the energy in orders of the coupling, starting with the second order, is provided by the random phase approximation, $$E_{\text{MBD}} = -\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^n}{n} \int_0^{\infty} \frac{du}{2\pi} \text{Tr}[(\tilde{\mathbf{x}} \mathbf{T})^n]$$ (7) The MBD charge densities are obtained from the correlated wavefunctions $$\|\psi_{\text{MBD}}\rangle \sim \prod_i e^{-\|q_A \xi_i^2\|}$$ (8) as an expectation value of the charge density operator $$\rho(\mathbf{r}) = \langle \psi_{\text{MBD}} \| \sum_A q_A \delta(\mathbf{r} - \mathbf{R}_A) \| \psi_{\text{MBD}} \rangle$$ (9) where the charges are set to 1 and the effective masses of the pseudoelectrons then follow from $q_0 = q/m\omega^2$. The collective fluctuation modes $\xi_i$ of the complex can be expressed in terms of the modes $\xi_{1,i}, \xi_{2,i}$ of its fragments via $$\xi_i = C \begin{pmatrix} C_1^{-1} \xi_{1,i} \\ C_2^{-1} \xi_{2,i} \end{pmatrix}$$ (10) All MBD calculations were performed with a standalone program available in ref. 51. Diffusion quantum Monte Carlo. All DQMC energies presented in this work were calculated using the CASINO programme\textsuperscript{52}, employing relativistic pseudopotentials\textsuperscript{53} with the locality approximation\textsuperscript{54} and the Slater–Jastrow trial wave functions $$\Psi_{\text{SJ}} = \hat{D}^\uparrow \hat{D}^\downarrow e^f$$ \hspace{1cm} (11) where $\hat{D}^\uparrow$, $\hat{D}^\downarrow$ are Slater determinants constructed from single-particle spin orbitals representing the up and down electron-spin projections, respectively, and $e^f$ is the so-called Jastrow factor, which is an exponential of a sum of explicitly correlated one- (electron–nucleus), two- (electron–electron) and three-body (electron–electron–nucleus) terms. Single-particle orbitals were obtained from local density approximation (LDA) plane-wave calculations performed with the PWSCF program\textsuperscript{55} and expanded in terms of B-splines\textsuperscript{56}. DQMC binding energies have been computed with respect to the fragments separated by at least 10 Å, with the residual binding energy of less than 0.6 kcal mol\textsuperscript{−1} (estimated with MBD). This procedure avoids the size-consistency problems of DQMC (Zen, A. et al., in preparation). DFT calculations. All DFT calculations were performed with the FHI-aims program\textsuperscript{57} using the ‘tight’ settings for basis sets and real-space grids. FHI-aims is an all-electron code with numerical basis sets. The Kohn–Sham self-consistent cycle was converged to $10^{-6}$ eV in energy and $10^{-4}$ electrons in density. Data availability. The authors declare that the data necessary for reproducing the results of this study are available within the article and its Supplementary Information files. References 1. Hunter, C. A. Sequence-dependent DNA structure: the role of base stacking interactions. J. Mol. Biol. 230, 1025–1054 (1993). 2. Zhang, S. Fabrication of novel biomaterials through molecular self-assembly. Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 1171–1178 (2003). 3. Meyer, E. A., Castellano, R. K. & Diederich, F. Interactions with aromatic rings in chemical and biological recognition. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42, 1210–1250 (2003). 4. Ariga, K. et al. Challenges and breakthroughs in recent research on self-assembly. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 9, 014109 (2008). 5. Geim, A. K. & Grigorieva, I. V. Van der Waals heterostructures. Nature 499, 419–425 (2013). 6. Hunter, C. A. & Sanders, J. K. M. The nature of $\pi-\pi$ interactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 5525–5534 (1990). 7. Hobza, P., Selzle, H. L. & Schlag, E. W. potential energy surface for the benzene dimer. Results of ab initio CCSD(T) calculations show two nearly isoenergetic structures: T-shaped and parallel-displaced. J. Phys. Chem. 100, 18790–18794 (1996). 8. Kim, K. S., Tarakeshwar, P. & Lee, J. Y. Molecular clusters of $\pi$-systems: theoretical studies of structures, spectra, and origin of interaction energies. Chem. Rev. 100, 4145–4186 (2000). 9. Sinnokrot, M. O., Valeev, E. F. & Sherrill, C. D. Estimates of the ab initio limit for $\pi-\pi$ interactions: the benzene dimer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 10887–10893 (2002). 10. DiStasio, R. A. Jr, von Helden, G., Steele, R. P. & Head-Gordon, M. On the T-shaped structures of the benzene dimer. Chem. Phys. Lett. 437, 277–283 (2007). 11. Lee, E. C. et al. Understanding of assembly phenomena by aromatic-aromatic interactions: benzene dimer and the substituted systems. J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 3446–3457 (2007). 12. Sinnokrot, M. O. & Sherrill, C. D. High-accuracy quantum mechanical studies of $\pi-\pi$ interactions in benzene dimers. J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 10656–10668 (2006). 13. Grimme, S. Do special noncovalent $\pi-\pi$ stacking interactions really exist? Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 3430–3434 (2008). 14. Martinez, C. R. & Iverson, B. L. Rethinking the term ‘pi-stacking’. Chem. Sci. 3, 2191–2201 (2012). 15. Dobson, J. F., White, A. & Rubio, A. Asymptotics of the dispersion interaction: analytic benchmarks for van der Waals energy functionals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 073201 (2006). 16. Bordag, M., Geyer, B., Klimchitskaya, G. L. & Mostepanenko, V. M. Lifshitz-type formulas for graphene and single-wall carbon nanotubes: Van der Waals and Casimir interactions. Phys. Rev. B 74, 205431 (2006). 17. Misquitta, A. J., Spencer, J., Stone, A. J. & Alavi, A. Dispersion interactions between semiconducting wires. Phys. Rev. B 82, 075312 (2010). 18. Tkatchenko, A., DiStasio, R. A. Jr, Car, R. & Scheffler, M. Accurate and efficient method for many-body van der Waals interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 236402 (2012). 19. Ambrosetti, A., Reilly, A. M., DiStasio, R. A. Jr & Tkatchenko, A. Long-range correlation energy calculated from coupled atomic response functions. J. Chem. Phys. 140, 18A508 (2014). 20. Sygula, A., Fronczek, F. R., Sygula, R., Rabideau, P. W. & Olmstead, M. M. A double concave hydrocarbon buckycatcher. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 3842–3843 (2007). 21. Jasti, R., Bhattacharjee, J., Neaton, J. B. & Bertozzi, C. R. Synthesis, characterization, and theory of [91-, 121-, and 18]cyclopentaphenylene: carbon nanostructure structures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 17646–17647 (2008). 22. Grimme, S. Supramolecular binding thermodynamics by dispersion-corrected density functional theory. Chem. Eur. J. 18, 9935–9964 (2012). 23. Risthaus, T. & Grimme, S. Benchmarking of London dispersion-accounting density functional theory methods on very large molecular complexes. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 9, 1580–1591 (2013). 24. Antony, J., Sire, R. & Grimme, S. Using dispersion-corrected density functional theory to understand supramolecular binding thermodynamics. Chem. Commun., 51, 1764–1774 (2015). 25. Okada, S., Saito, S. & Oshiyama, A. Energetics and electronic structures of encapsulated C60 in a carbon nanotube. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3835–3838 (2001). 26. Monthioux, M. Filling single-wall carbon nanotubes. Carbon 40, 1809–1823 (2002). 27. Kawase, T. & Kurata, H. Ball-, bowl-, and belt-shaped conjugated systems and their complexing abilities: exploration of the concave–convex $\pi-\pi$ interaction. Chem. Rev. 106, 5250–5273 (2006). 28. Iwamoto, T. et al. Size- and orientation-selective encapsulation of C70 by cycloparaphenylenes. Chem. Eur. J. 19, 14061–14068 (2013). 29. Mück-Lichtenfeld, C., Grimme, S., Kobryn, L. & Sygula, A. Inclusion complexes of buckycatcher with C60 and C70. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12, 7091–7097 (2010). 30. Yang, L., Adam, C., Nichol, G. S. & Cockcroft, S. L. How much do van der Waals dispersion forces contribute to molecular recognition in solution? Nat. Chem. 5, 1006–1010 (2013). 31. Foulkes, W. M. C., Mitas, L., Needs, R. J. & Rajagopal, G. Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of solids. Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 33–83 (2001). 32. Dubčeky, M. et al. Quantum Monte Carlo methods describe noncovalent interactions with subchemical accuracy. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 9, 4287–4292 (2013). 33. Tkatchenko, A., Alfè, D. & Kim, K. S. First-principles modeling of non-covalent interactions in supramolecular systems: the role of many-body effects. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 8, 4317–4322 (2012). 34. Ambrosetti, A., Alfè, D., DiStasio, R. A. Jr & Tkatchenko, A. Hard numbers for large molecules: toward exact energetics for supramolecular systems. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5, 849–855 (2014). 35. Benali, A., Shulenburger, L., Romero, N. A., Kim, J. & von Lilienfeld, O. A. Application of diffusion Monte Carlo to materials dominated by van der Waals interactions. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 10, 3417–3422 (2014). 36. Tkatchenko, A. & Scheffler, M. Accurate molecular van der Waals interactions from ground-state electron density and free-atom reference data. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 073005 (2009). 37. Reilly, A. M. & Tkatchenko, A. Van der Waals dispersion interactions in molecular materials: Beyond pairwise additivity. Chem. Sci. 6, 3289–3301 (2015). 38. Tkatchenko, A. Current understanding of van der Waals effects in realistic materials. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 2054–2061 (2015). 39. Reilly, A. M. & Tkatchenko, A. Role of dispersion interactions in the polymorphism and entropic stabilization of the aspirin crystal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 055701 (2014). 40. Liu, W. et al. Quantitative prediction of molecular adsorption: structure and binding of benzene on coinage metals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 036104 (2015). 41. Gobre, V. V. & Tkatchenko, A. Scaling laws for van der Waals interactions in nanostructured materials. Nat. Commun. 4, 2341 (2013). 42. Ruzsinszky, A., Perdew, J. P., Tao, J., Csonka, G. I. & Pitarke, J. M. Van der Waals coefficients for nanostructures: fullerenes defy conventional wisdom. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 233203 (2012). 43. Ehrlich, S., Moellmann, J. & Grimme, S. Dispersion-corrected density functional theory for aromatic interactions in complex systems. Acc. Chem. Res. 46, 916–926 (2013). 44. Ferri, N. et al. Electronic properties of molecules and surfaces with a self-consistent interatomic van der Waals density functional. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 176802 (2015). 45. Ambrosetti, A., Ferri, N., DiStasio, J., Robert, A. & Tkatchenko, A. Wavelike charge density fluctuations and van der Waals interactions at the nanoscale. Science 351, 1171–1176 (2016). 46. Yuan, K. et al. Theoretical insights into the host–guest interactions between [6]cyclopentaphenyleneacetylene and its anthracene-containing derivative and fullerene C70. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 27, 772–782 (2014). 47. Lauchner, A. et al. Molecular plasmonics. Nano Lett. 15, 6208–6214 (2015). 48. Misquitta, A. J., Mazeon, R., Drummond, N. D., Stone, A. J. & Needs, R. J. Anomalous nonadditive dispersion interactions in systems of three one-dimensional wires. Phys. Rev. B 89, 045140 (2014). 49. Dobson, J. F. Beyond pairwise additivity in London dispersion interactions. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1157–1161 (2014). 50. DiStasio, R. A. Jr, Gobre, V. V. & Tkatchenko, A. Many-body van der Waals interactions in molecules and condensed matter. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 26, 213202 (2014). 51. Hermann, J. Source code of program ‘MBD’, doi:10.5281/zenodo.47528. 52. Needs, R. J., Towler, M. D., Drummond, N. D. & Ros, P. L. Continuum variational and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculations. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22, 023201 (2010). 53. Trail, J. R. & Needs, R. J. Norm-conserving Hartree–Fock pseudopotentials and their asymptotic behavior. J. Chem. Phys. 122, 014112 (2005). 54. Mitäš, L., Shirley, E. L. & Ceperley, D. M. Nonlocal pseudopotentials and diffusion Monte Carlo. J. Chem. Phys. 95, 3467–3475 (1991). 55. Baroni, S., Dal Corso, A., de Gironcoli, S. & Giannozzi, P. Program ‘pwscf’. URL https://www.quantum-espresso.org/. 56. Alfè, D. & Gillan, M. J. Efficient localized basis set for quantum Monte Carlo calculations on condensed matter. Phys. Rev. B 70, 161101 (2004). 57. Blum, V. et al. Ab initio molecular simulations with numeric atom-centered orbitals. Comput. Phys. Commun. 180, 2175–2196 (2009). 58. Perdew, J. P., Burke, K. & Ernzerhof, M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865–3868 (1996). 59. Grimme, S., Antony, J., Ehrlich, S. & Krieg, H. A consistent and accurate ab initio parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu. J. Chem. Phys. 132, 154104 (2010). Acknowledgements We acknowledge use of the resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract Number DEAC05-00OR22725. A.T. acknowledges financial support by the European Research Council (ERC-StG VDW-CMAT) and the DFG SPP-1807 Research Network. Author contributions J.H. and A.T. conceived the research. J.H. carried out the MBD calculations and analysis. D.A. carried out the DQMC calculations. J.H. wrote the paper with contributions from all authors. Additional information Supplementary Information accompanies this paper at http://www.nature.com/naturecommunications Competing financial interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests. Reprints and permission information is available online at http://npg.nature.com/reprintsandpermissions/ How to cite this article: Hermann, J. et al. Nanoscale π–π stacked molecules are bound by collective charge fluctuations. Nat. Commun. 8, 14052 doi: 10.1038/ncomms14052 (2017). Publisher’s note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ © The Author(s) 2017	8138f1c8-dea1-4b79-b7da-504825e8ec0c	CC-MAIN-2022-21	http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfbdxa/pubblicazioni/ncomms14052.pdf	2022-05-25T06:53:57+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-21/subset=warc/part-00185-bd7ecbba-8e15-4123-ae07-d9c98ad96845.c000.gz.parquet	83,555,895	11,399	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.909536	eng_Latn	0.980212	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 1926, 8212, 14431, 19441, 25903, 33232, 43243, 46641 ]
BILL ANALYSIS Senate Research Center S.B. 1271 By: Watson Transportation 6/11/2019 Enrolled AUTHOR'S / SPONSOR'S STATEMENT OF INTENT Chapter 504 of the Transportation Code authorizes the creation of specialty license plates by the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles (TxDMV) or in statute. S.B. 1271 directs TxDMV to create a specialty plate that includes the words "Keep Austin Weird," a motto in frequent use for nearly two decades to promote local small businesses. (Original Author's/Sponsor's Statement of Intent) S.B. 1271 amends current law relating to the issuance of Keep Austin Weird specialty license plates. RULEMAKING AUTHORITY This bill does not expressly grant any additional rulemaking authority to a state officer, institution, or agency. SECTION BY SECTION ANALYSIS SECTION 1. Amends Subchapter G, Chapter 504, Transportation Code, by adding Section 504.671, as follows: Sec. 504.671. KEEP AUSTIN WEIRD LICENSE PLATES. (a) Requires the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles (TxDMV) to issue specialty license plates that include the words "Keep Austin Weird." (b) Requires the remainder of the fee for issuance of the license plates after deduction of TxDMV's administrative costs to be deposited to the credit of the general revenue fund. SECTION 2. Effective date: September 1, 2019.	<urn:uuid:2020ee33-f72b-4737-8658-33011c5d10a6>	CC-MAIN-2024-30	https://lrl.texas.gov/scanned/srcBillAnalyses/86-0/SB1271ENR.PDF	2024-07-16T13:10:29+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-30/subset=warc/part-00289-65338ae2-db7f-48fa-a620-71777c40d854.c000.gz.parquet	310,071,415	304	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.954913	eng_Latn	0.954913	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1313 ]
The Last Season Eric Blehm Eventually, you will unconsciously discover a new experience and success by spending more cash. still when? pull off you acknowledge that you require to get those all needs later having significantly cash? Why don't you try to acquire something basic in the beginning? That's something that will guide you to comprehend even more on the globe, experience, some places, in imitation of history, amusement, and a lot more? It is your utterly own become old to action reviewing habit. in the midst of guides you could enjoy now is the last season eric blehm below. The Last Season by Eric Blehm: Audio book Sneak Peak [THE LAST SEASON - Official Trailer] Fearless By Eric Blehm Full Audiobook Top 5 Books for Growing Yourself u0026 Your Faith PNTV: The Last Season by Eric Blehm [4/15/19] Fearless! - Bob's Trailer by Eric Blehm [Story of SEAL Team Six Operator Adam Brown] Eric Blehm u0026 Chris Kyle - Livestream - 9/18/12 Book Review: Fearless Eric Blehm Cambridge Book Club Reviews 'Fearless' \| Fearless Book \| Eric Blehm Movie Fearless by Eric Blehm - Talk Fearless (AudioBook) by Eric Blehm \| Entertainment Weekly - Fearless by Eric Blehm - YouTube - Become Fearless - Fearless by Eric Blehm - Google Books Result Home Front: Inside the SEAL Team Six Mission That Killed Osama Bin Laden by Eric Blehm - Big Daddy Wayne - Reading Room - Remembering SEALs - Extreme Ownership, How U.S. Navy SEALs Lead and Win Full Audiobook \| Jocko Willink Navy SEAL Adam Lee Brown: The Most Inspiring Story You Will Ever HEAR FEARLESS: The Courage and Sacrifice of SEAL Team SIX Operator Adam Brown by Eric Blehm BoCast Episode 42: The Conscious Breathing Method with Anders Olsson NRA Life of Duty Patriot Profiles \| A Tribute to Adam Brown "Led by Faith" - Bonus Mind Minute #19: Most Inspiring Book I've Read This Year LEGEND - By Eric Blehm - The Operator by Robert O'Neill Full Audiobook PNTV: The Power of Your Breath by Anders Olsson #427 - SAV Training during the COVID-19 pandemic - Top Ten Ways! Winter Boot Haul KXRT News 4 Report on the Life of Adam Brown PNTV: The Practicing Stoic by Ward Farnsworth (#408) The Last Season \| Eric Blehm Destined to become a classic of adventure literature, The Last Season examines the extraordinary life of legendary backcountry ranger Randy Morgenson and his mysterious disappearance in California's unforgiving Sierra Nevada—mountains as perilous as they are beautiful. Eric Blehm's masterful work is a gripping detective story interwoven with the riveting biography of a complicated, original, and wholly fascinating man. The Last Season IP S 5 - Blehm - Eric - Amazon.com - Amazon The Last Season is the inspiring, poignant true story of the life and disappearance of Randy Morgenson who, over the course of twenty-eight summers spent in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, became arguably the most celebrated ranger in the National Park Service's most adventurous unit. For the solitary, introspective Morgenson, the job was a calling, and he became fiercely devoted to protecting the wilderness he loved from visitors—and those visitors from the wilderness. Author: Eric Blehm; The Last Season - Author: Eric Blehm Destined to become a classic of adventure literature, The Last Season examines the extraordinary life of legendary backcountry ranger Randy Morgenson and his mysterious disappearance in California's unforgiving Sierra Nevada—mountains as perilous as they are beautiful. Eric Blehm's masterful work is a gripping detective story interwoven with the riveting biography of a complicated, original, and wholly fascinating man. The Last Season by Eric Blehm - Paperback \| Barnes & Noble® The Last Season by Eric Blehm examines the life and death of National Park Ranger Randy Morgenson. During his 28 years as a park ranger, Morgenson was stationed as a back country ranger in the Sequoia and Kings Canyon mountain range. Morgenson mysteriously disappeared in 1996; his body was not found until 2001. The Last Season by Eric Blehm - Goodreads Eric Blehm is the award-winning Times and Wall Street Journal bestselling author of The Only Thing Worth Dying For. The Last Season won the Barnes & Noble Discover Award for nonfiction, and was a Book Sense bestseller. He lives in Southern California with his family. This text refers to the mp3 cd edition. The Last Season IP S 5 Illustrated - Blehm - Eric - Amazon.com This item: [The Last Season] [Author: Eric Blehm] [Feb-2007] by Eric Blehm Paperback $6.15 Only 1 left in stock - order soon. Ships from and sold by turningnewleaf. [The Last Season] [Author: Eric Blehm] [Feb-2007], Eric... Destined to become a classic of adventure literature, The Last Season examines the extraordinary life of legendary backcountry ranger Randy Morgenson and his mysterious disappearance in California's unforgiving Sierra Nevada—mountains as perilous as they are beautiful. Eric Blehm's masterful work is a gripping detective story interwoven with the riveting biography of a complicated, original, and wholly fascinating man. The Last Season IP S 5 - book by Eric Blehm Eric Blehm is the author of Fearless (4.55 avg rating, 14917 ratings, 1581 reviews, published 2012), The Last Season (4.07 avg rating, 8249 ratings, 715 Eric Blehm - Author of Fearless - Goodreads ERIC BLEHM Eric Blehm is a bestselling and award-winning author of nonfiction books. In 2006, he won the Barnes & Noble Discover Award for The Last Season (HarperCollins), a gripping account of the disappearance of legendary National Park Service ranger Randy Morgenson. Author: Eric Blehm; Home - Author: Eric Blehm Eric Blehm is the award-winning author of the New York Times bestsellers Fearless and The Only Thing Worth Dying For. His first book, The Last Season, was the winner of the National Outdoor Book Award and was named by Outside magazine as one of the "greatest adventure biographies ever written." Author: Eric Blehm; About Eric - Author: Eric Blehm Destined to become a classic of adventure literature, The Last Season examines the extraordinary life of legendary backcountry ranger Randy Morgenson and his mysterious disappearance in California's unforgiving Sierra Nevada—mountains as perilous as they are beautiful. Eric Blehm's masterful work is a gripping detective story interwoven with the riveting biography of a complicated, original, and wholly fascinating man. Eric Blehm - amazon.com THE LAST SEASON tells the inspiring, poignant true story of the life and mysterious disappearance of James Randall Morgenson who, over the course of 28 summers spent in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, became arguably the most celebrated ranger in the National Park Service's most adventurous unit. Amazon.com: The Last Season (Audible Audio Edition) - Eric... Eric creates an intimate and sensitive portrait of a man who devoted himself to the wilderness he loved, and who ultimately gave his life back to the mountains. "The Last Season" ignites the passion of the reader for the remote high country in which Randy lived during the most formative parts of his life. The Last Season: Blehm, Eric: 9780061853019: Books - Amazon.ca About the author (2009) Eric Blehm is the award-winning author of the New York Times bestsellers Fearless and The Only Thing Worth Dying For. His first book, The Last Season, was the winner of the... The Last Season - Eric Blehm - Google Books $8.99 Ebook Destined to become a classic of adventure literature, The Last Season examines the extraordinary life of legendary backcountry ranger Randy Morgenson and his mysterious disappearance in... The Last Season by Eric Blehm - Books on Google Play Destined to become a classic of adventure literature, The Last Season examines the extraordinary life of legendary backcountry ranger Randy Morgenson and his mysterious disappearance in California's unforgiving Sierra Nevada - mountains as perilous as they are beautiful. Eric Blehm's masterful work is a gripping detective story interwoven with the riveting biography of a complicated, original, and wholly fascinating man. The Last Season by Eric Blehm - Audible.com \| Audible.com "Eric Blehm's 'THE LAST SEASON' is a terrific mystery and a heartbreaking story of one man's love of wilderness. It will keep you reading into the night, and remain with you long after you have finished" - Nora Gallagher, author Practicing Resurrection "The story of a wild man of profound vision and sustaining conscience. Author: Eric Blehm; Book Reviews - Author: Eric Blehm The Last Season by Eric Blehm was exactly that for me. Growing up in a valley at the base of the Sierras I was easily able to transport myself into this narrative. The wilderness has always felt like home to me. Disconnecting from technology, being alone with your thoughts, and breathing in the fresh mountain air... Destined to become a classic of adventure literature, The Last Season examines the extraordinary life of legendary backcountry ranger Randy Morgenson and his mysterious disappearance in California's unforgiving Sierra Nevada—mountains as perilous as they are beautiful. Eric Blehm's masterful work is a gripping detective story interwoven with the riveting biography of a complicated, original, and wholly fascinating man. Chronicles the life of Navy SEAL Team Six operator Adam Brown, a man whose heroism and devotion still stand as a beacon to his friends and family, even after his death in the Afghan Hindu Kush mountains in 2010. On a moonless night just weeks after September 11, 2001, a U.S. Special Forces team of Green Berets known as ODA 574 infiltrated the mountains of southern Afghanistan with a seemingly impossible mission: to foment a tribal revolt and force the Taliban to surrender. The odds were stacked against them. They would confront their worst nightmare of guerrilla warfare. Captain Randy Morgenson and his team had no choice but to face these odds. A little-known Pakistani statesman named Hamid Karzai was having trouble from across the border from the Taliban—so the commander suggested to the team’s leader, Major William Davis, that they try to convince the warlord to switch sides. When the men on the ground knew little about the enemy—and their commanders in Washington knew even less. With unprecedented access to surviving members of ODA 574, key war planners, and Karzai himself, award-winning author Eric Blehm cuts through the noise of politicians and high-level military officials to narrate for the first time a story of uncommon bravery and terrible sacrifice, intimately exposing the realities of unconventional warfare and nation-building in Afghanistan that continue to shape the region today. The author takes us through the Vietnam War, as seen through a single mission that occurred on May 2, 1968. A twelve-man Special Forces team had been covertly inserted into a small clearing in the jungle of neutral Cambodia—where U.S. forces were forbidden to operate. The team did not know they had infiltrated a section of jungle that concealed a major enemy base. For twelve years, Andrea Lankford lived in the biggest, most impressive national parks in the world, working a job she loved. She chaperoned baby sea turtles on their journey to sea. She pursued bad guys on her galloping patrol horse. She jumped into rescue helicopters bound for the summit of Mount Rainier. She was armed only with bears. She slept with a few too many rattlesnakes. Hell yeah, it was the best job in the world! Fortunately, Andrea survived it. In this graphic and yet surprisingly funny account of her and others' harrowing careers, Lankford reveals the truth behind park rangers struggle to maintain their idealism in the face of death, disillusionment, and the loss of a comrade killed while holding that thin green line between protecting the park from the people, the people from the park, and the people from each other. Ranger Confidential is the story behind the scenery of the nation's crown jewels—Yosemite, Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, Great Smokies, Denali. In these iconic landscapes, where nature and humanity constantly collide, scurvy can be as cruel as it is redemptive. When they meet as adolescents at Drayton Manor, the well-to-do Cassandra Drayton and the manor's stable boy, Crispin St. John, seem destined for very different futures. Yet, the two strike up a secret and forbidden friendship. Once discovered, they are forced apart, with Cassandra being locked in her father's world and Crispin traveling to India to make his own way. Years later, when Cassandra's high-society London lifestyle is shattered by her father's spectacular fall from grace, she is surprised to reunite with her childhood friend. Crispin is a grown-up, a rugged young boy but an enterprising young man who has risen through the ranks of the Indian cotton trade. As they navigate changing circumstances, fickle friendships, and social upheaval, Cassandra and Crispin find that the bond they developed as children is a lasting one. A nature book unlike any other, Jordan Fisher Smith's startling account of fourteen years as a park ranger thoroughly dispels our idealized visions of life in the great outdoors. Instead of scout troops and plucky birdwatchers, Smith's beat—a stretch of land that has been officially condemned to be flooded—brings him into contact with drug users tweaked out to the point of violence, obsessed miners, and other dangerous creatures. In unflinchingly honest prose, he reveals the unexpectedly dark underbelly of patrolling and protecting public lands. The owls' home, a wooden box with a camera inside, put up by a nature-loving couple in their backyard, becomes the setting for a real-life story of love, danger and mystery—and, ultimately, the triumph of a family. Through the little camera peeking in on their home, Molly and McGee would captivate millions of people from forty-five countries around the world who shared their saga on the Internet. New York Times bestselling author Eric Blehm and award-winning illustrator Christopher Adams bring you this wonderful story sure to inform the minds and warm the hearts of young and old alike. This riveting narrative details the mysterious disappearance of Peter Starr, a San Francisco attorney from a prominent family, who set off to climb alpine in the rugged Minaret region of the Sierra Nevada in July 1933. Rigorous and thorough searches by some of the best climbers and mountaineers of the day failed to locate him despite a number of promising clues. When all hope seemed gone and the last search party had left the Minarets, mountaineering legend Norman Clyde refused to give up. Climbing alone, he persevered in the face of failure, resolved that he would learn the fate of the lost man. Clyde's discovery and the events that followed make for compelling reading. Recently resissued with a new afterword, this re-creation of a famous episode in the annals of the Sierra Nevada is mountaineering literature at its best. A 60-year-old son and his aging father reflect on their lives and share poignant and irreverent memories as they attend a full season of Ole Miss football games together, just as they had over half a century ago.	<urn:uuid:568b4c5b-0677-40f1-a9da-b74983ec4957>	CC-MAIN-2021-49	http://southcoastjobmart.com/cgi-bin/content/view.php?data=the_last_season_eric_blehm&filetype=pdf&id=c13953bb94bcd0fa3c3b0fecdc4a5639	2021-12-08T21:29:28+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-49/subset=warc/part-00013-eb7089cf-762b-4a3e-8cab-20b677c0d246.c000.gz.parquet	64,933,399	3,281	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.996246	eng_Latn	0.996246	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 15246 ]
To ____________________ As my family veterinarian, you always provide my pets with excellent health care. I want you to know about a new movement in veterinary medicine called Protect the Pets. Veterinarians who have made the commitment to put the welfare of pets above the drive for profits are coming together to create positive change in the pet care industry. When I heard about this idea, I immediately thought of you! I think you would be a valuable member of this group. Please visit www.protectthepets.com to learn more about membership. My animal friends and I already know you protect the pets, this way everyone else will know, too! Sincerely, ____________________	<urn:uuid:6ebfb9d1-600f-4851-948a-c715362db70f>	CC-MAIN-2017-09	http://protectthepets.com/member_vets/pet_owners_letter.pdf	2017-02-26T03:16:00Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171933.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00160-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz	198,923,409	238	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.999608	eng_Latn	0.999608	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 680 ]
New Faculty 2023-2024 Professor Zhexu (Edward) Ai, Tenure Track Assistant Professor Nicolais School of Business Zhexu (Edward) Ai is currently an assistant professor in finance at Nicolais School of Business. He received his Masters degree in Finance from University of Maryland, and Ph.D. in Finance from the University of Connecticut. Dr. Ai is an enthusiastic finance researcher, teacher, and practitioner. His research focuses on financial distress and bankruptcy, labor and finance, and behavioral finance. He also has particular interests in using machine learning techniques in his research. During the Fall 2023 semester, he will be teaching undergraduate & MBA Introduction in Finance and Investment course. Dr. Ai is a husband, a father, and a son and loves doing handyman work, traveling, and watching sport games in his leisure time. Giacomo DiPasquale, Ph.D., Tenure Track Assistant Professor Nicolais School of Business Dr. DiPasquale holds a Ph.D. in Economics and Political Science, from the Department of Politics and Economics of Claremont Graduate University. He earned his M.A. degree in International Political Economy at Claremont Graduate University (May, 2018) and a M.A. in Economics and Finance at University of Pavia (December, 2014). His research interests are in the fields of Applied Microeconomics, Comparative Politics, and International Political Economy. Dr. DiPasquale's research focuses on issues relating inequality, poverty, and migrations, and has been published on journals such as the Journal of International Migration and Integration and Social Science Quarterly. He worked as an Adjunct Professor of Political Science at Loyola Marymount University and California Lutheran University, and as Lab Manager at the Inequality and Policy Research Center. During the academic year 2021-2022, Dr. DiPasquale worked at the prestigious Ransom Everglades School in Miami, Florida and from August 2022 to May 2023, worked as a full time Lecturer in the Economics department at the University of Vermont. Dr. DiPasquale has lived in Italy, Germany and USA and speaks fluently five languages (English, Spanish, French, Italian, and German). Adam Jadhav, Ph.D., Visiting Assistant Professor Department of Anthropology Adam Jadhav earned his PhD from the Department of Geography at the University of California at Berkeley. Broadly, his research concerns critical agrarian and oceanic political ecology; his doctoral dissertation tracks the uneven unfolding of fishing and marine capitalism in British imperial and independent postcolonial India. He has collaborated with activists and civil society on conservation and development issues in India for a decade, and also taught students from elementary to graduate levels. He earned his master's degree in Global Environmental Policy from American University and his bachelor's in journalism from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kayhan Koleyni, Ph.D., Tenure Track Assistant Professor Nicolais School of Business Kayhan Koleyni has been an assistant professor of Economics in Eastern New Mexico University for the last four years. He also served as the MBA coordinator for the last two years. Before joining Eastern New Mexico University, he taught economic classes at Pennsylvania Western University and Drury University in Missouri as a visiting assistant professor. He earned his PhD from University of Memphis, and his research interest is in International Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics with focus on banking and financial crises. Yana Kosenkov, Ph.D., Tenure Track Assistant Professor Department of Physical Sciences Dr. Yana Kosenkov is an Assistant Professor specializing in Physical Chemistry. Her interdisciplinary research aims to unravel the chemical machinery of living cells. Her research program focuses on the integration of quantum sciences and artificial intelligence methods for drug discovery applications. Dr. Kosenkov follows the teacher-scholar model, implementing innovative techniques for chemistry laboratory automation and incorporating course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) into her chemistry courses. She prioritizes student-centered learning and is guided by a commitment to justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion, enabling her to design and facilitate transformative and inclusive undergraduate learning experiences for her students. Before joining Wagner College, Dr. Kosenkov held a faculty position at Monmouth University. She completed her postdoctoral training at Iowa State University and earned her Ph.D. in Chemistry from Jackson State University, as well as M.S. and B.S. degrees from Dnipro National University in Ukraine. Professor Richard Lahijani, Clinical Professor Nicolais School of Business Professor Lahijani's specialty and focus is Real Estate and Partnership taxation and he has been practicing for over 18 years. He has extensive experience delivering tax consulting services to REIT and private equity clients as well as assisting in annual and quarterly REIT reviews. Professor Lahijani has taught various accounting and taxation courses throughout his teaching career. He has a passion for helping students achieve their full potential and delivering career guidance and job interview skills. Prior to his teaching career, Professor Lahijani was a Tax Senior Manager at a Big4 accounting firm. Professor Lahijani earned a Bachelors Degree in Accounting and Information Systems from Queens College-CUNY and a Masters of Science Degree in Taxation (MST) from Baruch College-CUNY. He is a Certified Public Accountant, and a Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA) Melissa Lamanna, Ph.D., Tenure Track Assistant Professor Department of Biological Sciences Dr. Melissa Lamanna is fascinated in how social economic status, nutrition, transmission, and pathogenicity intertwine to form epidemics. For instance, how do proteins of the zoonotic pathogens function in disparate environments of various host species? With scientific curiosity in hand, she earned the necessary credentials (A.A. in Chemistry, B.S. in Biology from Indiana University Southeast, Ph.D. in Microbiology from Indiana University Bloomington) to unravel complex biological systems such as disease ecology and cellular division (proliferation and subsequent spread of bacteria). During Dr. Lamanna's academia training, she has worked on a wide range of organisms (plants, viruses, insects, and bacteria), mastered several versatile techniques (microscopy, genetics, and biochemistry) and received both internal and external funding to support her research. Presently, Dr. Lamanna investigates division mechanisms of the bacteria. For the future, Dr. Lamanna will continue captain a productive and healthy research lab at the cross-section of molecular biology and disease ecology. As a teacher, she is committed to training and educating the next generation to the best of her ability. Resultantly, she proactively engages in pedagogy workshops and certification programs. Professor David Lau, Academic Director Professor David Lau is a proud graduate of the Harlem Hospital Physician Assistant Program in 1990 which is now called CUNY School of Medicine, The City College of New York - Physician Assistant Program. He received his MS from Touro University. He is a Distinguished Fellow of American Academy of Physician Assistants (DFAAPA). He works full-time as Academic Director in Wagner College Physician Assistant Program. Professor Lau loves to teach physician assistant students, especially in board preparation. His favorite courses are electrocardiography, procedural skills, and emergency medicine. He works per-diem as a clinical practicing PA in the emergency department at Woodhull Hospital in Brooklyn, New York. David Lau is an active BCLS, ACLS and PALS instructors. He volunteers with the New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene – Medical Reserve Corps as medical personnel during the New York City Marathon. Furthermore, Professor Lau participates with American Heart Association in which he teaches community CPR. Physician Assistant Program Sidney Obas, Ph.D., Academic Coordinator Physician Assistant Program Dr. Sidney A. Obas has joined the Wagner College PA Program as a full-time academic coordinator. He recently held the position of full-time clinical coordinator at Wagner College less than 2 years ago and has now returned. Dr. Obas also previously served as academic coordinator at the Fairleigh Dickinson University PA Program and the University of Bridgeport PA Programs. Over the past several years, Dr. Obas has been developing his skills in the clinical setting, specifically critical care physician assistant (PA) training prior to transitioning to academia. He was the chief PA in critical care at South Nassau Communities Hospital and was able to create a training program that allowed the hospital to employ new graduate physician assistants. He was responsible for PA training, developing a program curriculum and work schedules as well as an employee performance evaluation format for critical care physician assistants. Dr. Obas is a graduate of Touro College Physician Assistant Program. He received his MBA from LSU at Shreveport and his doctoral degree from the University of Lynchburg. He is a board-certified physician assistant, who specializes in Pulmonary, and critical care and is certified in Sleep Medicine. Other certifications consist of ATLS, FCCS, RPsgt, and NIH stroke. His clinical experience includes Critical Care Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, Pulmonology, Neurology, Cardiology, and Emergency medicine. Dr. Obas has been in academia for over 25 years, beginning as an adjunct professor in various colleges and universities, converting to full-time professor. He has taught various courses in clinical medicine and basic sciences. Courses taught include pulmonary medicine, cardiology, hematology, gastroenterology, ophthalmology, neurology, anatomy, physiology, medical microbiology, laboratory medicine, radiology, and electrocardiography. He has many interests in medicine and has published works on venous thromboembolism – https://digitalshowcase.lynchburg.edu/dmscjournal/vol3/iss1/50/ Dina Prisco, Ph.D., OTR/L, BCP, Academic Fieldwork Coordinator and Clinical Professor Doctor of Occupational Therapy Program Dr. Prisco is a clinical professor and acts as the doctoral capstone coordinator for Wagner College's developing doctor of occupational therapy program. In this role, she will oversee the development and implementation of a rigorous and comprehensive capstone program. Dr. Prisco graduated from New York University with a master's degree in occupational therapy in 2012 and worked clinically for over ten years in pediatric practice. Her pediatric experience included hospital, school-based, and early intervention services. In 2021, Dr. Prisco earned a board certification in pediatrics from the American Occupational Therapy Association, which she maintains. Also in 2021, Dr. Prisco completed a PhD in leadership with a specialty in education from the University of the Cumberlands. Dr. Prisco's dissertation focused on exploring the role of servant leadership within the occupational therapy profession. In line with her dissertation studies, Dr. Prisco believes strongly in service to her community and profession. Dr. Prisco currently serves as a peer reviewer for the American Journal of Occupational Therapy and on the Roster of Accreditation Evaluators for the American Council for Occupational Therapy Accreditation (ACOTE). She has research interests relating to pediatric interventions, leadership, wellbeing, best practices in higher education, and community practice. Outside of her professional ambitions, Dr. Prisco has two young children, Emily and Benjamin, who have inspired her tremendously. Michael Rota, DHS, MS, PA-C, Assistant Director & Assessment Coordinator Physician Assistant Program Dr. Rota is the Assistant Director & Assessment Coordinator for the Wagner College PA Program. An alumnus of the program, he also obtained his Doctorate in Health Sciences (DHS) from Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences in 2019. He has taught a variety of courses including Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics I and II, Mental Health & Wellness, and Technical Skills. Dr. Rota's research interests include active learning, gamified learning theory, early-clinical exposure, simulation learning, and competency-based medical education. He has presented on these topics at local, national, and international conferences. He currently serves as a content expert and item writer for the Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA). Dr. Rota has participated in the design and evaluation of PA curriculums and is experienced with the PA accreditation process. Siobhan Walsh, OTD, OTR/L, Academic Fieldwork Coordinator and Clinical Professor Doctor of Occupational Therapy Program Siobhan Walsh, OTD, OTR/L, is the Academic Fieldwork Coordinator and Clinical Professor in the new and developing Doctor of Occupational Therapy Program at Wagner College. Siobhan transitioned to Wagner College in March, 2023 after spending ten years in the hospital setting as an occupational therapist and rehabilitation manager. Siobhan received her master's degree in occupational therapy from the University of Scranton in 2011, and her post-professional occupational therapy doctorate degree from Mary Baldwin University in 2021. Siobhan specializes in adult neurorehabilitation including stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, cognitive, perceptual, and visual rehabilitation. Siobhan is passionate about student and staff growth in the clinical and academic settings. Her scholarly passions include occupational therapy intervention selection in neurorehabilitation, peer mentorship models, and clinical and academic leadership. Siobhan and her family are native to Staten Island. Her husband, Dave, and her three beautiful daughters Isla, Helene, and Gwenyth provide endless personal and professional support. Siobhan is humbled to join the Wagner College family and is very excited to be a part of the Wagner College Doctor of Occupational Therapy Program. Natalie Williams, DMA Professor and Division Chair, Visual and Performing Arts Natalie Williams is an Australian-born composer and United States Permanent Resident. Her works have been commissioned and performed by international ensembles including the Atlanta Opera, Omaha Symphony, the Berkeley Symphony, the Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Queensland, West Australian and Canberra Symphony Orchestras, Musica Viva, the Australia Ensemble, Adelaide Baroque, the Sydney, Adelaide and Melbourne Youth Orchestras, the Australian Youth Orchestra, the Goldner String Quartet, British Cello soloist Natalie Clein, the Doric String Quartet (UK), the Pavel Haas Quartet (Czech Republic), Ensemble Liaison and The Muses Trio. Dr. Williams' music has been championed by performers and toured throughout Europe, Australia and the United States. Composition prizes include; the Sue W Chamber Music Prize from the University of Sydney (2020), the 2018 Albert H. Maggs Award from the University of Melbourne, and the Judith LangZaimont prize from the International Alliance of Women in Music (2016). She was a two-time winner of the Atlanta Opera Competition (2013 and 2015), winner of the Iron Composer competition (2010) and joint winner of the inaugural Schueler Awards for a new commission for the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra (2007). Professional development grants include funding from the Australasian Performing Rights Association, the British Music Society and the University of Sydney. As a teaching composer, faculty positions include the Australian National University, School of Music, the Hugh Hodgson School of Music at the University of Georgia, and teaching assistantships at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University, and the Faculty of Music at the Melbourne Conservatorium. Dr. Williams roles in artistic administration include the Australian National Academy of Music (library) and the Orchestra Victoria management team (education). Natalie serves as a panel member for the Fulbright Commission (USA) and for Australian arts councils including the Australia Council and Arts ACT, alongside academic administration positions in the United States. Eric Dean Wilson, Ph.D., Tenure Track Assistant Professor Department of English Dr. Eric Dean Wilson joins the English Department of Wagner College in Fall 2023 as Assistant Professor of Creative Writing and American Literature. He earned his doctorate in English with a certificate in American Studies at the Graduate Center, CUNY for his work on environmental literature. His dissertation, "The Personal and the Planetal: Essaying the Ecological," examines how contemporary American personal essays in an ecological mode can help us better understand the boundaries of the self in literary nonfiction. Reading works by Robin Wall Kimmerer, John Francis, and David Wojnarowicz, Wilson's dissertation invokes queer ecology as a method for understanding the self as more varied and communal than Western liberalism assumes. His dissertation won the English Program's Alumni and Doctoral Faculty Prize for the Most Distinguished Dissertation of the Year. Professor Wilson comes to academia as a working writer and literary artist. He holds an MFA in creative writing from The New School and is the author of After Cooling: On Freon, Global Warming, and the Terrible Cost of Comfort (Simon & Schuster, 2021). His essays, poems, interviews, and criticism have appeared in Time, BOMB, Esquire, The Baffler, the Los Angeles Review of Books, and Tin House, among other publications. His work has been featured in the New York Times, the Brian Lehrer Show, NPR, Citizens Climate Radio, and elsewhere. He's currently working on a collection of essays that use the unique geographic history of Brooklyn in order to explore ideas about queer space and ecological mourning. Originally from Memphis, Tennessee, he now lives in Flatbush, Brooklyn.	<urn:uuid:68a3b848-fd5c-4219-93e4-358f82b7dc7c>	CC-MAIN-2024-30	https://wagner.edu/academics/files/2023/09/New-Faculty-Bios.pdf	2024-07-25T07:44:26+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-30/subset=warc/part-00189-65338ae2-db7f-48fa-a620-71777c40d854.c000.gz.parquet	532,024,342	3,535	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.989372	eng_Latn	0.990499	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2933, 6351, 10255, 14271, 18172 ]
LOCAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FUND UTILIZATION For the Th ird Quarter CY 2015 Municipality of Manolo Fortich No. 11 \| LRRRMF \| \| NDRRMF \| From Other LGUs \| From Other Sources \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Quick Response Fund (QRF) 30% \| Mitigation Fund 70% \| \| \| \| \| 3,097,650.00 \| 7,227,850.00 \| \| \| \| \| \| 8,451,590.00 \| \| \| \| \| \| - \| \| \| \| \| - \| \| \| \| \| \| 1,460,057.76 \| 607,808.34 \| \| \| \| \| \| 504,185.74 \| \| \| \| \| 1 ,627.50 \| 927,138.26 \| \| \| \| \| \| 788,734.88 \| \| \| \| \| \| 318,652.02 \| \| \| \| \| \| 3 ,644.35 \| \| \| \| \| \| 8 ,360.00 \| \| \| \| \| 1,326,068.60 \| 10,259.80 \| \| \| \| \| \| 1,133,962.75 \| \| \| \| I hereby certify that I have reviewed the contents and hereby attest to the veracity and correctness of the data or information contained in this document. HON. ROGELIO N. QUIÑO Municipal Mayor NESTOR M. TABACO Municipal Accountant 3,644.35 8,360.00	<urn:uuid:9245f384-958d-41db-b035-96f6005e73f6>	CC-MAIN-2018-05	http://manolofortich.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/3rd-Qtr-ldrrmf-2015.pdf	2018-01-23T16:15:14Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084891980.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20180123151545-20180123171545-00361.warc.gz	209,483,627	410	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.604589	eng_Latn	0.604589	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 921 ]
BlueSpiceNSFileRepoConnector You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in one of the groups: , Administrators , , , Book_publisher. Bureaucrats Editors Reviewers Description: State: unknown unstable experimental beta stable unmaintained Developer: Type: MediaWiki BlueSpice Edition: BlueSpice pro BlueSpice free BlueSpice Farm BlueSpice Cloud BlueSpice free (deactivated) BlueSpice pro (deactivated) BlueSpice Farm (deactivated) BlueSpice Cloud (deactivated) Active by default: Yes No Dependency: MediaWiki BlueSpice Category: License: MediaWiki. org: Free text: '''NSFileRepoConnector''' integrates [[Reference:NSFileRepo\|NSFileRepo]] into a series of BlueSpice extensions (Needs NSFileRepo). [[de:Referenz:{{PAGENAME}}]][[en:Reference:{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category: BlueSpice_pro]] [[Category:Extension]] Summary: Cancel Save pagShow preShow cha Interface between Blue HalloWelt Document Management	<urn:uuid:40aa991a-1cbf-435b-8beb-84576935ab49>	CC-MAIN-2021-17	https://en.wiki.bluespice.com/w/index.php?title=Special:UniversalExport/Reference:BlueSpiceNSFileRepoConnector&action=formedit&ue%5Bmodule%5D=pdf	2021-04-17T13:53:16+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-17/subset=warc/part-00105-74237c22-0523-49c6-9e5a-6b4aa471a042.c000.gz.parquet	342,022,029	244	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.731453	eng_Latn	0.731453	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1003 ]
VIRTUAL WELLNESS CLASSES GENTLE YOGA & MEDITATION Every Tuesday January 18 through May 17 6-7:30PM Virtual: ZOOM Join Jim Pochedly, certified Transcendental Meditation TM® teacher, for gentle yoga poses with a focus on meditation. Bring peace & stillness into your life! Please prepare by having a mat or blanket. Please register online at https://events.erielibrary.org or call 451-7085. Sponsored by the Friends of the Erie County Public Library.	<urn:uuid:658cf73d-4089-41e3-8010-fbd264474925>	CC-MAIN-2022-05	https://lcuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/4599/51310/20211215104330/Virtual_Yoga_2022.pdf?response-content-disposition=attachment&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=0ED81C7CPQQADHEZG902%2F20220116%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20220116T094102Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=86400&X-Amz-Signature=c672fddc6decbe5b4e9e0ad1255f74904ca2759299a51d6a6da6c3eee2f96271	2022-01-16T09:41:02+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-05/subset=warc/part-00230-1e2959d8-5649-433a-b76e-f1b876a6479d.c000.gz.parquet	432,160,279	116	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.987286	eng_Latn	0.987286	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 456 ]
Changes to legislation: Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, Section 35 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 15 March 2019. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. (See end of Document for details) SCHEDULES SCHEDULE 4 YOUTH REHABILITATION ORDERS: CONSEQUENTIAL AND RELATED AMENDMENTS PART 1 CONSEQUENTIAL AMENDMENTS Children Act 1989 (c. 41) 35 In section 31(7)(b) (care and supervision orders), for sub-paragraph (ii) substitute— "(ii) a youth rehabilitation order within the meaning of Part 1 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008; or". Annotations: Commencement Information I1 Sch. 4 para. 35in force at 30.11.2009 byS.I. 2009/3074,art. 2(p)(v) Changes to legislation: Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, Section 35 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 15 March 2019. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. Changes and effects yet to be applied to the whole Act associated Parts and Chapters: Whole provisions yet to be inserted into this Act (including any effects on those provisions): – Sch. 7 para. 5A and cross-heading inserted by 2008 c. 25 Sch. 1 para. 90(3)	<urn:uuid:8af3d572-a720-47d7-9723-0f638450472f>	CC-MAIN-2019-18	http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/4/schedule/4/paragraph/35/data.pdf	2019-04-26T06:52:59Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578760477.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20190426053538-20190426075538-00556.warc.gz	249,109,824	355	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.973042	eng_Latn	0.983679	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 817, 1393 ]
Planning Commission Workshop Virtual Workshop Agenda Thursday, January 28, 2021 5:45 pm Meeting ID: meet.google.com/wcu-cqnx-yho Phone: (US) +1 414-909-7405 Access Code: 970 084 675# When using Google Meet, please try to use the computer audio function if possible, or use a service that provides toll free long distance. The Google Meet call in line numbers are not toll free and you may be charged by your carrier for the long distance charges. Mesa County IT does not know if your plan includes long distance, and such questions should be directed to your plan provider. Mesa County is not responsible for long distance charges associated with use of Google Meet. Presentation by the City of Grand Junction: 1. 2020-0179 2020 One Grand Junction Comprehensive Plan	<urn:uuid:582c393a-e5df-47ba-9c8a-ab1eeae26e62>	CC-MAIN-2021-21	https://www.mesacounty.us/globalassets/planning/boards-and-commissions/planning-commission/workshops/01-28-21-agenda-mcpc-ws.pdf	2021-05-13T15:44:23+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-21/subset=warc/part-00230-2bb1ba05-1421-4b90-a3f4-bbc46b4a29a5.c000.gz.parquet	924,469,660	184	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.993326	eng_Latn	0.993326	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 781 ]
108TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. 1053 To prohibit discrimination on the basis of genetic information with respect to health insurance and employment. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES MAY 13, 2003 Ms. SNOWE (for herself, Mr. FRIST, Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. ENZI, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. HAGEL, Mr. DEWINE, and Mr. GREGG) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions A BILL To prohibit discrimination on the basis of genetic information with respect to health insurance and employment. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 This Act may be cited as the ''Genetic Information 4 Nondiscrimination Act of 2003''. 5 TITLE I—GENETIC NON- 1 not adjust premium or contribution amounts for a 1 group on the basis of genetic information concerning 2 3 an individual in the group or a family member of the 4 individual (including information about a request for or receipt of genetic services). 5 (b) LIMITATIONS ON GENETIC TESTING AND THE 6 COLLECTION OF GENETIC INFORMATION.—Section 702 of 7 the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 8 (29 U.S.C. 1182) is amended by adding at the end the 9 following: 10 11 ''(c) G ENETIC T ESTING .— 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ''(1) L IMITATION ON REQUESTING OR REQUIR - ING GENETIC TESTING .—A group health plan, or a health insurance issuer offering health insurance coverage in connection with a group health plan, shall not request or require an individual or a family member of such individual to undergo a genetic test. ULE ''(2) R OF CONSTRUCTION .—Nothing in this part shall be construed to limit the authority of a health care professional, who is providing health care services with respect to an individual or who is acting on behalf of a group health plan or a health insurance issuer, to request that such individual or a family member of such individual undergo a ge- netic test. Such a health care professional shall not cluding information about a request for or receipt of 1 genetic services). 2 ''(2) INFORMATION NEEDED FOR TREATMENT, 3 PAYMENT, AND HEALTH CARE OPERATIONS.—Not- 4 withstanding paragraph (1), a group health plan, or 5 a health insurance issuer offering health insurance 6 coverage in connection with a group health plan, 7 that provides health care items and services to an in- 8 dividual may request genetic information concerning 9 such individual or dependent for purposes of treat- 10 ment, payment, or health care operations in accord- 11 ance with the standards for protected health infor- 12 mation described in subsection (d) to the extent that 13 the use of such information is otherwise consistent 14 with this section. 15 ''(3) FAILURE TO PROVIDE NECESSARY INFOR- 16 MATION.—If an individual or dependent refuses to 17 provide the information requested under paragraph 18 (2), and such information is for treatment, payment, 19 or health care operations relating to the individual, 20 the group health plan or health insurance issuer re- 21 questing such information shall not be required to 22 provide coverage for the items, services, or treat- 23 ments with respect to which the requested informa- 24 tion relates in any action under part 5.''. 25 individual; and 1 25 (d) R ''(ii) that is used to predict risk of EGULATIONS AND E FFECTIVE D ATE .— (B) NO DISCRIMINATION IN GROUP PRE- 1 MIUMS BASED ON GENETIC INFORMATION.— 2 Section 2702(b) of the Public Health Service 3 Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg–1(b)) is amended by 4 adding at the end the following: 5 ''(3) NO DISCRIMINATION IN GROUP PREMIUMS 6 BASED ON GENETIC INFORMATION.—For purposes 7 of this section, a group health plan, or a health in- 8 surance issuer offering group health insurance cov- 9 erage in connection with a group health plan, shall 10 not adjust premium or contribution amounts for a 11 group on the basis of genetic information concerning 12 an individual in the group or a family member of the 13 individual (including information about a request for 14 or receipt of genetic services).''. 15 16 (2) L IMITATIONS ON GENETIC TESTING AND 17 18 19 THE COLLECTION OF GENETIC INFORMATION .—Sec- tion 2702 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg–1) is amended by adding at the end 20 the following: ''(c) GENETIC TESTING.— 21 22 ''(1) L IMITATION ON REQUESTING OR REQUIR 23 24 25 - ING GENETIC TESTING .—A group health plan, or a health insurance issuer offering health insurance coverage in connection with a group health plan, 1 the use of such information is otherwise consistent 1 ''(iii) information about physical 1 2 3 4 ance coverage (including information about a request for or receipt of genetic services). ''(b) P ROHIBITION ON G ENETIC I NFORMATION IN S ETTING P REMIUM R ATES .—For purposes of this section, 5 a health insurance issuer offering health insurance cov- erage in the individual market shall not adjust premium 6 7 or contribution amounts for an individual on the basis of 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 genetic information concerning the individual or a family member of the individual (including information about a request for or receipt of genetic services). ''(c) G ENETIC T ESTING .— ''(1) L IMITATION ON REQUESTING OR REQUIR - ING GENETIC TESTING .—A health insurance issuer offering health insurance coverage in the individual market shall not request or require an individual or a family member of such individual to undergo a ge- netic test. ULE ''(2) R OF CONSTRUCTION .—Nothing in this part shall be construed to limit the authority of a health care professional, who is providing health care services with respect to an individual or who is acting on behalf of a health insurance issuer, to re- quest that such individual or a family member of such individual undergo a genetic test. Such a health 1 2 care professional shall not require that such indi- vidual or family member undergo a genetic test. 3 ''(d) C OMPLIANCE W ITH C ERTAIN C ONFIDENTIALITY STANDARDS WITH RESPECT TO GENETIC INFORMA- 4 5 TION .—With respect to the use or disclosure of genetic information by a health insurance issuer offering health 6 7 insurance coverage in the individual market, such informa- 8 9 10 11 tion shall be deemed to be protected health information for purposes of, and shall be subject to, the standards pro- mulgated by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under— 12 ''(1) part C of title XI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320d et seq.); or 13 ''(2) section 264(c) of the Health Insurance 14 15 Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–191; 110 Stat. 2033). 16 17 ''(e) C OLLECTION OF G ENETIC I NFORMATION 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 .— ''(1) L IMITATION ON REQUESTING OR REQUIR - ING GENETIC INFORMATION .—Except as provided in paragraph (2), a health insurance issuer offering health insurance coverage in the individual market shall not request or require genetic information con- cerning an individual or a family member of the in- dividual (including information about a request for or receipt of genetic services). ''(2) INFORMATION NEEDED FOR TREATMENT, 1 PAYMENT, AND HEALTH CARE OPERATIONS.—Not- 2 withstanding paragraph (1), a health insurance 3 issuer offering health insurance coverage in the indi- 4 vidual market that provides health care items and 5 services to an individual may request genetic infor- 6 mation concerning such individual or dependent for 7 purposes of treatment, payment, or health care oper- 8 ations in accordance with the standards for pro- 9 tected health information described in subsection (d) 10 to the extent that the use of such information is oth- 11 erwise consistent with this section. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ''(3) FAILURE TO PROVIDE NECESSARY INFORMATION.—If an individual or dependent refuses to provide the information requested under paragraph (2), and such information is for treatment, payment, or health care operations relating to the individual, the health insurance issuer requesting such information shall not be required to provide coverage for the items, services, or treatments with respect to which the requested information relates.''. 22 23 24 25 EGULATIONS AND (c) R E FFECTIVE D ATE .— (1) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this title, the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Health and Human 1 formation about a request for or receipt of genetic a health care professional, who is providing health 1 1 ing information about a request for or receipt of ge- netic services). 2 ''(2) INFORMATION NEEDED FOR TREATMENT, 3 PAYMENT, AND HEALTH CARE OPERATIONS.—Not- 4 withstanding paragraph (1), a group health plan 5 that provides health care items and services to an in- 6 dividual may request genetic information concerning 7 such individual or dependent for purposes of treat- 8 ment, payment, or health care operations in accord- 9 ance with the standards for protected health infor- 10 mation described in subsection (e) to the extent that 11 the use of such information is otherwise consistent 12 with this section. 13 ''(3) FAILURE TO PROVIDE NECESSARY INFOR- 14 MATION.—If an individual or dependent refuses to 15 provide the information requested under paragraph 16 (2), and such information is for treatment, payment, 17 or health care operations relating to the individual, 18 the group health plan requesting such information 19 shall not be required to provide coverage for the 20 items, services, or treatments with respect to which 21 the requested information relates.''. 22 (c) DEFINITIONS.—Section 9832(d) of the Internal 23 Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end 24 the following: 25 1 cessible format to carry out the amendments made 1 by this section. 2 (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 3 by this section shall apply with respect to group 4 health plans for plan years beginning after the date 5 that is 18 months after the date of enactment of 6 this title. 7 SEC. 104. ASSURING COORDINATION. 8 The Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of 9 Health and Human Services, and the Secretary of Labor 10 shall ensure, through the execution of an interagency 11 memorandum of understanding among such Secretaries, 12 that— 13 (1) regulations, rulings, and interpretations 14 issued by such Secretaries relating to the same mat- 15 ter over which two or more such Secretaries have re- 16 sponsibility under this title (and the amendments 17 made by this title) are administered so as to have 18 the same effect at all times; and 19 (2) coordination of policies relating to enforcing 20 the same requirements through such Secretaries in 21 order to have a coordinated enforcement strategy 22 that avoids duplication of enforcement efforts and 23 24 assigns priorities in enforcement. TITLE II—PROHIBITING EM- 1 mosomes, proteins, and metabolites, that detect 1 genotypes, mutations, or chromosomal changes. 2 3 Such term does not include information described in paragraph (4)(B). 4 SEC. 202. EMPLOYER PRACTICES. 5 (a) USE OF GENETIC INFORMATION.—It shall be an 6 unlawful employment practice for an employer— 7 (1) to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any 8 individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any 9 individual with respect to the compensation, terms, 10 conditions, or privileges of employment of the indi- 11 vidual, because of genetic information with respect 12 to the individual (or information about a request for 13 or the receipt of genetic services by such individual 14 or family member of such individual); or 15 (2) to limit, segregate, or classify the employees 16 of the employer in any way that would deprive or 17 tend to deprive any individual of employment oppor- 18 tunities or otherwise adversely affect the status of 19 the individual as an employee, because of genetic in- 20 formation with respect to the individual (or informa- 21 tion about a request for or the receipt of genetic 22 services by such individual or family member of such 23 individual). 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (30 U.S.C. 801 et seq.); and (E) the employer, excluding any licensed or certified health care professional that is involved in the genetic monitoring program, receives the results of the monitoring only in aggregate terms that do not disclose the identity of specific employees; (2) where— (A) health or genetic services are offered by the employer; (B) the employee provides prior, knowing, voluntary, and written authorization; and (C) only the employee (or family member if the family member is receiving genetic services) and the licensed or certified health care professionals involved in providing such services receive individually identifiable information concerning the results of such services; or (3) where the request or requirement is nec- 20 essary to comply with Federal, State, or local law. 21 22 (c) L IMITATION .—In the case of genetic information 23 to which paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (b) ap- plies, such information may not be used in violation of 24 25 paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a). 1 (d) E XCEPTION .— (1) IN GENERAL.—An employer shall not be 2 considered to engage in an employment practice that 3 is unlawful under this title because of its disparate 4 impact, on the basis that the employer applies a 5 qualification standard, test, or other selection cri- 6 terion that screens out or tends to screen out, or 7 otherwise denies a job benefit to, an individual, if 8 the standard, test, or other selection criterion is 9 shown to be job-related with respect to the employ- 10 ment position involved and consistent with business 11 necessity. 12 13 14 15 16 17 (2) QUALIFICATION STANDARD.—In this subsection, the term ''qualification standard'' may include a requirement that an individual shall not pose a direct threat to the health or safety of other individuals in the workplace. 18 19 20 21 22 (e) R ULE OF C ONSTRUCTION R ELATING TO G ROUP EALTH H P LANS .—Nothing in this section shall be con- strued to prohibit a group health plan (as such term is defined in section 733(a) of the Employee Retirement In- come Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1191b(a))), or a 23 health insurance issuer offering group health insurance coverage in connection with a group health plan, from 24 25 making a request described in subsection (b) if such request is consistent with the provisions of part 7 of subtitle 1 B of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security 2 Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1181 et seq.), title XXVII of the 3 Public Health Service (42 U.S.C. 300gg et seq.), and 4 chapter 100 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. 5 SEC. 203. EMPLOYMENT AGENCY PRACTICES. 6 (a) USE OF GENETIC INFORMATION.—It shall be an 7 unlawful employment practice for an employment agen- 8 cy— 9 (1) to fail or refuse to refer for employment, or 10 11 otherwise to discriminate against, any individual be- cause of genetic information with respect to the indi- 12 vidual (or information about a request for or the re- 13 ceipt of genetic services by such individual or family 14 member of such individual); or 15 16 (2) to limit, segregate, or classify individuals or 17 18 19 20 fail or refuse to refer for employment any individual in any way that would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities, or otherwise adversely affect the status of the individual as an 21 employee, because of genetic information with re- spect to the individual (or information about a re- 22 quest for or the receipt of genetic services by such 23 individual or family member of such individual). 24 (b) LIMITATION ON COLLECTION OF GENETIC IN- 1 FORMATION.—It shall be an unlawful employment practice 2 for an employment agency— 3 (1) to intentionally request, require, or pur- 4 chase genetic information with respect to an em- 5 ployee or family member of the employee (or infor- 6 mation about a request for or the receipt of genetic 7 services by such employee or family member of such 8 employee), except that the provisions of section 9 202(b) shall apply with respect to employment agen- 10 cies and employees (and the family members of the 11 employees) under this paragraph in the same man- 12 ner and to the same extent as such provisions apply 13 to employers and employees (and the family mem- 14 bers of the employees) under section 202(b); or 15 16 17 18 (2) to cause or attempt to cause an employer to discriminate against an individual in violation of this title. (c) LIMITATION AND EXCEPTION.—Subsections (c) 19 and (d) of section 202 shall apply with respect to employ- 20 ment agencies and employees (and the family members of 21 the employees) under this section in the same manner and 22 to the same extent as such provisions apply to employers 23 and employees (and the family members of the employees) 24 under section 202. 25 SEC. 204. LABOR ORGANIZATION PRACTICES. 1 2 (a) U G I .—It shall be an a family member of the individual (or information 1 about a request for or the receipt of genetic services 2 by such individual or family member of such indi- 3 vidual) except that the provisions of section 202(b) 4 5 shall apply with respect to labor organizations and 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 such individuals (and their family members) under this paragraph in the same manner and to the same extent as such provisions apply to employers and employees (and the family members of the employ- ees) under section 202(b); or (2) to cause or attempt to cause an employer to discriminate against an individual in violation of this title. (c) L IMITATION AND E XCEPTION .—Subsections (c) and (d) of section 202 shall apply with respect to labor organizations and individuals who are members of labor organizations (and the family members of the individuals) 18 under this section in the same manner and to the same extent as such provisions apply to employers and employ- 19 ees (and the family members of the employees) under sec- 20 21 tion 202. SEC. 205. TRAINING PROGRAMS. 22 23 (a) U SE OF G ENETIC I NFORMATION .—It shall be an unlawful employment practice for any employer, labor or- 24 ganization, or joint labor-management committee control- 25 ling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, includ- 1 ing on-the-job training programs— 2 3 (1) to discriminate against any individual be- 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 cause of genetic information with respect to the indi- vidual (or information about a request for or the re- ceipt of genetic services by such individual or a fam- ily member of such individual) in admission to, or employment in, any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training or retraining; or (2) to limit, segregate, or classify the applicants for or participants in such apprenticeship or other training or retraining, or fail or refuse to refer for employment any individual, in any way that would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities, or otherwise adversely affect the status of the individual as an employee, because of genetic information with respect to the individual (or information about a request for or receipt of genetic services by such individual or family member of such individual). IMITATION ON (b) L C OLLECTION OF G ENETIC I N - FORMATION .—It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer, labor organization, or joint labor-man- agement committee described in subsection (a)— (1) to intentionally request, require, or pur- 1 chase genetic information with respect to an indi- 2 vidual who is an applicant for or a participant in 3 such apprenticeship or other training or retraining 4 (or information about a request for or the receipt of 5 genetic services by such individual or family member 6 of such individual) except that the provisions of sec- 7 tion 202(b) shall apply with respect to such employ- 8 ers, labor organizations, and joint labor-management 9 committees and to such individuals (and their family 10 members) under this paragraph in the same manner 11 and to the same extent as such provisions apply to 12 employers and employees (and their family mem- 13 bers) under section 202(b); or 14 15 16 17 18 (2) to cause or attempt to cause an employer to discriminate against an applicant for or a participant in such apprenticeship or other training or retraining in violation of this title. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 (c) L IMITATION AND E XCEPTION .—Subsections (c) and (d) of section 202 shall apply with respect to employ- ers, labor organizations, and joint labor-management com- mittees described in subsection (a) and to individuals who are applicants for or participants in apprenticeship or other training or retraining (and the family members of the individuals) under this section in the same manner and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ices) or member at the request of the employee or member; (B) to an occupational or other health researcher if the research is conducted in compliance with the regulations and protections provided for under part 46 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or rule); (C) under legal compulsion of a Federal or State court order, except that if the court order was secured without the knowledge of the individual to whom the information refers, the employer shall provide the individual with adequate notice to challenge the court order; (D) to government officials who are investigating compliance with this title if the information is relevant to the investigation; (E) to the extent that such disclosure is 18 necessary to comply with Federal, State, or 19 local law; or 20 21 (F) as otherwise provided for in this title. 22 23 24 25 (b) R ULE OF C ONSTRUCTION R ELATING TO G ROUP EALTH H P LANS .—Nothing in this section shall be con- strued to prohibit a group health plan (as such term is defined in section 733(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1191b(a))), or a 1 health insurance issuer offering group health insurance 2 coverage in connection with a group health plan, from 3 using or disclosing information described in subsection (a) 4 if such use of disclosure is consistent with the provisions 5 of part 7 of subtitle B of title I of the Employee Retire- 6 ment Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1181 et 7 seq.), title XXVII of the Public Health Service (42 U.S.C. 8 300gg et seq.), and chapter 100 of the Internal Revenue 9 Code of 1986. 10 SEC. 207. ENFORCEMENT. 11 The powers, remedies, and procedures set forth in 12 sections 705, 706, 707, 709, and 710 of the Civil Rights 13 14 Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–4, 2000e–5, 2000e–6, 2000e–8, and 2000e–9) shall be the powers, remedies, and 15 procedures that this title provides to the Commission, to 16 the Attorney General, or to any person alleging an unlaw- 17 ful employment practice in violation of section 202 (other 18 than subsection (e) of such section), 203, 204, 205, or 19 206(a) or the regulations promulgated under section 210, 20 concerning employment. 21 SEC. 208. AMENDMENT TO THE REVISED STATUTES. 22 (a) RIGHT OF RECOVERY.—Section 1977A(a) of the 23 Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1981a(a)) is amended by 24 adding at the end the following: 25 ``` ''(4) GENETIC INFORMATION.—In an action 1 brought by a complaining party under the powers, 2 remedies, and procedures set forth in section 706 of 3 the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–5), 4 as authorized under section 207 of the Genetic In- 5 formation Nondiscrimination Act of 2003, against a 6 respondent who is engaging (or has engaged) in an 7 intentional unlawful employment practice prohibited 8 by section 202 (other than subsection (e) of such 9 section), 203, 204, 205 or 206(a) of such Genetic 10 Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2003 against 11 an individual (other than an action involving an em- 12 ployment practice that is allegedly unlawful because 13 of its disparate impact), the complaining party may 14 recover compensatory and punitive damages as per- 15 mitted under subsection (b), in addition to any relief 16 otherwise provided for under section 706(g) of the 17 Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–5(g)), 18 from the respondent.''. 19 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 1977A(d) 20 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1981a(d)) is amend- 21 ed— 22 (1) in paragraph (1)— 23 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ''or'' 24 at the end; 25 ``` ployer, employment agency, labor organization, or 1 2 joint labor-management committee pursuant to this title and also pursuant to the Americans with Dis- 3 abilities Act of 1990 or the Rehabilitation Act of 4 5 1973, if the actions are predicated on the same facts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 or a common occurrence; (2) limit the rights or protections of an individual to bring an action under this title against an employer, employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee for a violation of this title, except that an individual may not bring an action against such an employer, employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee, with respect to a group health plan or a health insurance issuer offering health insurance coverage in connection with a group health plan, under this title if the action is based on a violation of a provision of the amendments made by title I; (3) limit the rights or protections of an individual under any other Federal or State statute that provides equal or greater protection to an individual than the rights or protections provided for under this title; (4) apply to the Armed Forces Repository of Specimen Samples for the Identification of Remains; (5) limit the authority of a Federal department 1 or agency to conduct or sponsor occupational or 2 other health research that is conducted in compli- 3 ance with the regulations contained in part 46 of 4 5 title 45, Code of Federal Regulations (or any cor- responding or similar regulation or rule); and 6 7 (6) limit the statutory or regulatory authority of the Occupational Safety and Health Administra- 8 tion or the Mine Safety and Health Administration 9 to promulgate or enforce workplace safety and 10 health laws and regulations. 11 SEC. 210. REGULATIONS. 12 Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 13 of this title, the Commission shall issue final regulations 14 in an accessible format to carry out this title. 15 SEC. 211. SEVERABILITY. 16 If any provision of this title, an amendment made by 17 this title, or the application of such provision or amend- 18 ment to any person or circumstance is held to be unconsti- 19 tutional, the remainder of this title, the amendments made 20 by this title, and the application of such provisions to any 21 person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. 22 SEC. 212. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 23 There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 24 as may be necessary to carry out this title. 25 SEC. 213. EFFECTIVE DATE. 1 (a) IN GENERAL.—This title takes effect on the date 2 that is 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act. 3 (b) ENFORCEMENT.—Notwithstanding subsection 4 (a), no enforcement action shall be commenced under sec- 5 tion 207 until the date on which the Commission issues 6 final regulations under section 210. 7 Æ	<urn:uuid:8572c601-fe7e-464c-b722-0019110bc1ab>	CC-MAIN-2020-10	https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-108s1053is/pdf/BILLS-108s1053is.pdf	2020-02-25T12:38:01+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-10/subset=warc/part-00201-ce9ee7ea-c51e-4aaf-9912-52adddf9c929.c000.gz.parquet	743,344,596	7,061	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.871438	eng_Latn	0.937219	[ "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 786, 810, 2104, 3368, 3385, 3480, 4663, 4719, 4760, 6057, 7360, 8662, 8718, 8773, 9987, 9990, 11098, 11126, 12321, 13468, 14767, 16032, 17287, 17364, 18661, 19971, 21340, 22512, 23829, 25018, 26316, 27599, 27948 ]
Operational Update: Drilling of New Wells GNRL Oil & Gas Limited (formerly Heramec Limited – 100% subsidiary of Gujarat Natural Resources Limited) is undertaking a drilling campaign to drill three new development wells in the current Financial Year as per approved Work Program and Budget. GNRL Oil & Gas Limited has obtained necessary approvals. The current drilling campaign includes drilling of two wells in Dholasan field and one well in Kanawara field. Dholasan Field The first of the three planned wells was spuded on 25th December, 2013 in Dholasan field. The drilling of the well (SD#1A) in Dholasan Field is completed within planned schedule and budget. The Well is ready for Testing. A Work-over Rig and necessary services have been mobilized for commencing Testing of this Well. Kanawara Field After completion of drilling activities for the first well in Dholasan field, the second well is spuded on 11th February, 2014 in Kanawara field. The well (K#10) being drilled is a development well with planned total depth of 1700 mt. This well will be completed in proven producing Kalol payzone. GNRL Oil & Gas Limited holds 30% participating interest and is the Operator for Dholasan and Kanawara fields where the new wells are to be drilled. Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited (GSPC) holds balance 70% participating interest in these fields. About GNRL Oil & Gas Limited GNRL Oil & Gas Limited (formerly Heramec Limited) is a 100% subsidiary of Gujarat Natural Resources Limited (GNRL). GNRL Oil & Gas Limited holds 30% participating interest in six oil & gas blocks and is Operator for four of these blocks. For Gujarat Natural Resources Limited Managing Director	<urn:uuid:dd11ce88-92d9-4ebc-b485-7816843cc77b>	CC-MAIN-2019-09	http://gnrl.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Gujarat_Natural_Resources_Ltd_120214.pdf	2019-02-20T06:12:21Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247494449.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220044622-20190220070622-00596.warc.gz	109,059,206	376	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.988712	eng_Latn	0.988712	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 1692 ]
Preprint: final version published as: BLANDFORD, A. (2006) Interacting with information resources: designing libraries for learning. International Journal of Learning Technologies. Volume 2, Number 2-3. 185 – 202. Interacting with information resources: digital libraries for education Ann Blandford UCL Interaction Centre University College London Remax House, 31-32 Alfred Place London WC1E 7DP, UK [email protected] Abstract This paper reviews the capabilities of libraries for supporting learning. We consider the various roles traditional libraries play and how they are being transformed into digital information repositories. Effective strategies for deploying digital libraries will retain the strengths of traditional libraries while exploiting new possibilities offered by the digital medium. Keywords: digital libraries, usability, information seeking, information use. Introduction One important element of learning is the use of information, including finding, re-presenting, applying, critiquing and synthesising information from multiple sources. There is now a plethora of sources for information, including other people, television and radio, the internet and libraries. In this paper, we focus on traditional and digital libraries as repositories of and places to work with information, considering in particular how digital libraries are changing interactions with information and how they can effectively support learning. The history of libraries in engagingly reviewed by Battles (2003). From the history, we can draw out the main developments that have influenced users' experiences and expectations of the library and the information within it: o from the library as an unstructured collection of documents in various forms to the library as an organised, catalogued collection, generally managed by a librarian; o from the library as a private collection to a public resource; o the physical library becoming a place to study as well as a place to access documents; o the library becoming recognised as an archiving service with responsibility for preserving historical collections; o the library also becoming a service for all, such that everyone can access, and usually borrow, materials – often in different media; and o the emergence of digital libraries, making access to electronic documents possible for many people 'from the desktop', without the need to go to the physical library. The focus of this paper is on the latest of these transitions: from the library as a physical place to the digital library, accessible – at least in principle – from any networked computer. In particular, we focus on the impact of digital library resources on learning. In doing so, it is necessary to recognise the various roles that libraries (generally) serve in supporting education, so that the strengths of traditional libraries, which have evolved over thousands of years, are recognised and retained. New media also create new interaction possibilities, which can be exploited to create new ways of learning. However, the potential of new interactions can only be realised if we recognise and either work with or change established practices. These practices include the ways people currently find and work with information, their roles and interrelationships. In the following sections, we consider the nature and potential of digital libraries, the nature of information work and established roles and relationships that have developed around information work. In doing so, we identify existing challenges, constraints and unknowns that need addressing as digital libraries come to play a greater role in learning. Digital libraries: a new kind of information resource We start by considering the nature of digital libraries, how they compare and contrast with traditional libraries, and also the new capabilities they offer. What is a Digital Library? There are many definitions of a 'digital library' (DL) – and many terms that refer to similar concepts. Within the sciences, DLs are typically referred to as 'libraries', whereas librarians will often refer to the same systems as 'databases' and people in the arts and humanities typically call them 'electronic archives' (Adams & Blandford, 2002b). Within the UK and western Europe, DLs tend to be regarded as digital surrogates for traditional libraries – focusing on the role of libraries as collections of validated and structured information. More widely, DLs are perceived as serving many different roles, as summarised by Sumner and Marlino (2004). Sumner and Marlino (2004) note that the term "digital library" is not well defined, and suggest that current work is "extending the boundaries of the digital library metaphor in creative and diverse ways" (p.171). They propose three perspectives on what DLs are: that DLs are cognitive tools, enabling students to think about and work with ideas and knowledge in new ways, supporting learning and sense-making; that DLs are component repositories; and that DLs are knowledge networks. They take their examples from projects within the National Science Digital Library (NSDL: www.nsdl.org), which are effectively extending the definition of a DL to be a place where learners can interact with information and with each other. In this paper, we focus on the view of DLs as structured collections of validated information. From this perspective we can draw a moderately clear contrast with the World Wide Web. Information on the Web is variable in quality, but easily accessed by anyone with the necessary technology and web navigation skills. In comparison, information in DLs has some kind of quality stamp, having been explicitly selected for inclusion; however, DL access is often restricted to users who have appropriate authentication, and often requires more sophisticated information skills than general web access. From this starting point, we can compare DLs with traditional libraries. DLs and traditional libraries Various authors, such as Twidale and Nichols (1998) and Stelmaszewska and Blandford (2004) have explored the analogy between physical and digital libraries. Twidale and Nichols focus on the collaborative activities that take place within the library – particularly those between library users and library staff. They note the importance of user–librarian interactions in supporting information seeking (especially during the early stages where users are refining the information problem, as discussed further below). From this, they argue that there needs to be a digital surrogate for the exploratory dialogue. This argument is echoed by Theng (2002). Stelmaszewska and Blandford (2004) focus more on how people interact with library resources; while echoing Twidale and Nichols' emphasis on the importance of interactions between people, they also highlight the importance of people being able to quickly assess the relevance of information resources against their current requirements. Within physical libraries, features of documents such as their positions relative to recognisable landmarks (e.g. shelf numbers) and readily available information such as title and keywords were found to be important discriminators, but less obvious features such as the thickness of a book or its apparent age were also used by participants – as was information found through a rapid scan of the text, such as how many diagrams it contains, or whether it contains computer code. Few of these features of information resources are currently reflected in the presentation of digital documents for assessment. Another important feature of traditional libraries was found to be the support for serendipity. The physical grouping of texts by theme, and the fact that the user walks past (and can rapidly scan the spines of) many texts on the way to a particular book provides low-effort support for serendipitous information encountering. Within journals, serendipity features more in the practice people reported of rapidly scanning journals within their area of interest, often working backwards from the most recent issue; again, the facility to rapidly scan, assessing features such as diagrams and layout as well as obvious text (such as titles and section headings) was reported as helping with assessment of the relevance and importance of material, usually followed by more detailed assessment of material that looks promising. Duncker (2002) uses a study of Maori perceptions of libraries – both physical and digital – to argue that the analogy between physical and digital libraries is deeply flawed. The use of the library metaphor – for example, in classifications of documents and in the browsing structures implemented – and the lack of support for use were found to make DLs essentially unusable by Maoris. She points out that while physical libraries are well embedded in many cultures, there are others – such as the Maori culture – that have an oral tradition, using trusted individuals as "living repositories" (p.224) of tribal knowledge. That knowledge is sacred, and should not be made available to people outside the tribe. The Maoris who might use DLs are typically bi-cultural, having adopted many Western cultural practices while also retaining features of their traditions. Since libraries are repositories of knowledge, they are typically viewed as sacred – a view that is in tension with the fact that library-based knowledge is publicly accessible. This can create a sense of alienation from the library. In addition, Western-style subject headings and classification systems are meaningless to such cultures. Duncker reports (p. 227) that Maori "understanding of how materials are organised in a library […] apparently depends on whether or not they find somebody – typically another Maori – who […] supports them in overcoming their threshold fear and makes them feel welcome in the library". She also argues that "Libraries emphasise individualism in contrast to the collectivist Maori culture"; in other words, libraries have typically had a "silence please" culture, so that individuals can work with information, rather than being places where people can gather together to work collaboratively. While this situation is gradually changing in physical libraries, there is a real risk that DL deployment into individuals' offices and homes will reinforce the individualist culture rather than exploiting the new possibilities for people to work together – an issue we return to later in discussing the development of Communities of Practice. An alternative view is that traditional and digital libraries are complementary resources. D'Elia et al (2002) studied the changing uses of public libraries and the internet within a community; they conclude that there continue to be roles for both libraries and the internet, but that over time users of both are starting to differentiate their uses, with the internet being used more for general information provision while the physical library remains a place to go (e.g. with children), with higher quality information and better privacy for users. Because they were studying public libraries, rather than academic ones, their survey did not cover digital libraries per se, but their observations about the physicality of the traditional library and its role as a place to meet and engage in activities clearly provide a contrast with digital libraries. Stelmaszewska and Blandford (2004) found that the role of a library as a quiet place to study was frequently cited by respondents, providing further evidence that libraries serve many functions that cannot be directly replicated in digital form. In summary, as well as the obvious differences between physical and digital libraries, such as the tangibility of media, DLs tend to exaggerate cultural values and provide less support than physical libraries for activities such as learning to use the system effectively and providing space for working and collaborating. While the 'library' metaphor can be very powerful and helpful for some users, it is simultaneously limiting and disenfranchising for others. Beyond the library metaphor: new interaction possibilities The motivation for developing DLs often appears to be based on cutting costs (MillerFrancisco, 2003), reducing the storage problem, preserving precious historical documents (the originals can be better cared for if people can access digital surrogates), and a fuzzy perception that digitization will improve access. As noted above, DLs also have potential in creating new interaction possibilities, such as new ways of collaborating over information and ways of personal document management. In this section, we consider these two main classes of interaction possibilities: collaboration and personalisation. One way in which DLs might be expected to extend features available in traditional libraries is through the support for remote collaboration and interaction. Many DLs now support limited collaborative working by explicitly supporting the notification of others about documents. This is exemplified by web-accessible databases of news items such as CNN (www.cnn.com) and Reuters (ww.reuters.com), which support users sending articles to friends. Theng et al (2000) present the design for a digital library in which students can collaborate more fully, posting comments and criticisms of each others' work within the library so that a repository of students' work is gradually accumulated. A similar approach is reported by Bartolo et al (2004) for the MatML materials library. Arguably, web-based resources that support collaborative document creation and organisation such as Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) might also be thought of as supporting remote collaboration and interaction in a library-like format. Such systems present real challenges to our traditional assumptions about the roles of producer, gatekeeper and consumer of information, as such systems blur the roles. They are creating new ways for learners to interact with and through information. However, with collaborative systems, questions such as how information is validated and how learners assess information quality become central. There is a need for new ways to authenticate information and establish appropriate levels of trust in it. Another way in which DLs might offer enhanced features over traditional libraries is in the provision of personalised serviced to users. Personalisation features have become widespread in digital libraries. 'Alerts' (usually email messages) informing users of new publications (e.g. a new issue of a journal) are probably the most common personalisation feature, being relatively simple to implement and use. In contrast, recommender systems, now common in ecommerce environments, have made little impact on DLs. More complex personalisation features such as 'bookshelves' (or 'binders'), in which users can store links to selected articles, have been introduced in some libraries but there does not appear to have been any formal evaluation of their use or perceived value, or of what impact they might be having on users' information behaviours. Overall, personalisation appears to have had limited take-up as yet. To understand why, it is necessary to consider access policies for DLs. Commercial DLs need revenue, which might be by institution (typical for large academic organisations), by individual or by information resource. Of these mechanisms, individual subscriptions is usually the most costly to administer. Consequently, few users have a need to personally register with each DL, since they are either registered through an institution or able to purchase individual articles without subscription. This raises a small, but nevertheless significant, barrier to many personalisation services since they demand that individuals be individually identifiable. A further factor in limiting take-up of some personalisation features is that of trust: of trusting that features will continue to be provided and that time invested in organising documents remotely will not be wasted, and valuable work lost, if the feature is discontinued or substantially redesigned. Overall, although new technologies offer the promise of new ways to interact with information, these new features pose new social and technical challenges, such as authentication and trust, that need to be resolved. Interacting with information In the previous section, we considered the nature, and potential, of digital libraries. The main role of digital libraries is to enable users to interact with the information contained therein. In this section, we shift attention to how people find and work with information. The two most common forms of interaction are browsing through structured lists of contents and searching. The ease of browsing depends on the detailed design of a particular system; in contrast, there are some common themes that emerge from studies of users searching. It is widely recognised that creating effective search criteria to achieve a particular information goal is a demanding and difficult task, particularly for less experienced users, and particularly when the goal is as yet under-defined. Shneiderman et al (1998) observe the challenges of selecting a variety of search attributes, such as the words to be used in a query and the syntactic peculiarities of the system at hand. In addition, the mapping of an information need to the use of metadata fields or full text search can prove difficult (Blandford et al, 2001). Compared to the web, where the document text is the usual target for a search, Digital Libraries provide greater control over the search: the user has a much wider potential range of selections (classification, author, publication date, etc.) to make. Effective searching relies on the careful selection and use not only of words or syntactic commands, but also of fields and information sources. We consider the problem in terms of three levels of interaction; the first is the process of formulating a query and assessing the relevance of results; the second is the broader information seeking task; and the third is the overall information work in which the user is engaged. Query formulation and results evaluation The field of Information Retrieval (IR) has traditionally been concerned with how to take a well formulated query and deliver appropriate results to the user. The effectiveness of an IR algorithm is traditionally measured in terms of recall (typically measured as the percentage of all possible appropriate results that are returned to the user) and precision (the percentage of results that are returned that are relevant to the user's query). While algorithm performance is important, since a poorly performing algorithm will fail to return appropriate results to the user, greater challenges from the user perspective are those of formulating appropriate queries and assessing the results that are returned. Considering the nature of expertise in query formulation, recent studies have compared some of the search criteria used by expert librarians against those used by less knowledgeable searchers. For experimental purposes, most researchers (e.g. Hsieh-Yee, 1993; Sutcliffe & Ennis, 2000) treat expertise as a binary state: either novice or expert. Two key variables that have been studied are information seeking expertise and subject knowledge. Hsieh-Yee (1993) found that information seeking experts tend to explore synonyms, to establish what effects these have on search results, whereas novices (even subject experts) do not. Within their subject area, the differences were relatively small, but outside their area differences were much greater: experts were able to use on-line tools such as thesauri to assist in generating alternative search terms whereas novices relied on their own intuition in selecting terms. Stelmaszewska and Blandford (2002) found that novice users have very little persistence in query formulation, usually giving up a particular search after only two or three attempts. In contrast, Fields et al (2004) found that expert users – in their case, librarians acting as information intermediaries for users who had reasonably well defined information requirements – have well honed strategies of refining search terms to achieve a results set of the desired size and quality. For example, an expert may explore synonyms and probe results to see which terms are working well, whether there are 'distractor terms' that need to be explicitly excluded from the search terms, and whether there are alternative terms that appear in documents that might usefully form part of the search query. For example, in a search on behalf of a user who requested information about "fault diagnosis and ADSL (Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line)", one librarian explored variants of "diagnos*" (to include words such as "diagnosing" and "diagnose"), introduced the term "subscriber" and excluded the term "optical" at various stages in the interactive search process, systematically expanding and reducing the size of the results set until she considered it to be of appropriate size and quality for the user. The skills displayed by this expert are not ones that a novice is well supported in acquiring by any extant DLs. Once the user has received results, their relevance to the task at hand needs to be assessed. As discussed above, Stelmaszewska and Blandford (2004) found that users in physical libraries have a range of strategies for assessing the relevance of documents, most of which do not currently have digital surrogates. With a limited window onto a search results list, it appears that users rarely scroll through more than the first page or two of results. An obvious consequence of this is that users rarely even see results that are not returned near the top of the list, highlighting the importance of having effective ranking algorithms that return the most user-relevant results near the top of the visible list. Information seeking Query formulation and results evaluation do not sit in isolation, but are steps within a broader information seeking task. Within the information seeking literature, much attention has been paid to what users do without describing the designs of the resources that influence that use. These information seeking models have been proposed to give high-level accounts of the overall searching process (e.g. Ellis, 1989; Ingwersen, 1996; Kuhlthau, 1988; Kuhlthau & Tama, 2001; Vakkari, 2001). All share important features in common, while also being informed by the particular data sets on which they are based; for example, Kuhlthau and Tama (2001) focus specifically on the information seeking processes of lawyers, while Vakkari (2001) bases his model on empirical studies of student writing research proposals. Models typically talk about phases of seeking in terms of starting with a broad, under-defined search requirement and gradually refining it. At early stages, the search requirement is often poorly articulated by the searcher, who therefore probes the available information resources finding out what is possible. This enables the searcher to refine and clarify the search problem until they reach a focus, at which point more detailed and targeted search can take place. From this point, they may work iteratively through unfocused and focused search as new issues are discovered in the information acquired. Depending on the task, this overall searching may take place over hours, weeks or even longer. Within the context of formal learning, the starting and finishing points of a search will depend on factors such as the scale and specification of an assignment. Within informal learning – for example, an enthusiast wanting information about their hobby or a patient seeking information about their symptoms, condition and treatment – the search can similarly be more or less well focused, and with varying timescales. Vakkari (2001) presents the main concepts derived from his studies of students preparing research proposals as follows: o Stages in task performance: There are three main phases. The first is pre-focus, where the user is making sense of the information problem, selecting information resources that might support them in addressing that problem (e.g. particular libraries to search in) and exploring those resources to find out what information is available and what foci are possible. The second is formulation, in which the user formulates their problem understanding. The final phase is post-focus, in which information is gathered, synthesised and presented. o Types of information: Users need three main types of information: general background information related to the problem area; faceted background information that picks up on particular aspects of the problem; and specific information needed as part of the 'solution' to the problem. o Sources of information: The two main sources of information are people and information systems. Although not discussed explicitly by Vakkari (2001), information systems may include traditional libraries, digital resources and resources in other media such as television and radio. o Relevance judgements: According to Vakkari (2001) the four important aspects of relevance judgement are assessing the degree of relevance; defining the relevance criteria used; assessing the type of contributory information; and assessing the precision of the results set (where precision is as defined above: how well the overall set of results matches the query). o Search tactics: Vakkari (2001) asserts that he has identified twelve search tactics, based around aspects of searching and browsing. Vakkari (2000) presents these tactics under three headings: strategies to begin a session (breaking a complex problem into simpler sub-problems or starting with a comprehensive expression of the problem); search formulation tactics (six tactics that describe ways of formulating queries at a search interface); and 'other' tactics, which cover ways of narrowing (or limiting) a search and the broader idea of focusing the search more precisely. o Search terms and operators: Vakkari (2001) lists the number and types of search terms as being important, as well as the types of operators (such as Boolean AND and OR) as being important. o Mental models: the primary aspect of mental models discussed by Vakkari (2001) is whether it is general or vague. In presenting this categorisation of aspects of information seeking, Vakkari conflates core information retrieval concerns (such as search tactics and search operators) that apply only to digital information sources with higher level constructs that apply more broadly to information seeking, such as stages of task performance and information types. He does not discuss in any more detail the nature of a mental model, or its role(s) in information seeking. Indeed, very little work has been done on this topic. Blandford et al (2004) present one preliminary model of the concepts that users need to be aware of when working with a particular digital library, highlighting which of those concepts can and cannot be ported from the user's understanding of a traditional library. However, other important aspects of a mental model of a digital library, such as a model of the information architecture, of the information management features of a particular library or of the search algorithm, also help determine the effectiveness with which the user can actually use the library; these have received little attention as yet. Information work As noted above, various information seeking models have been based on data from different domains; however, the relationship between the model and the nature of the information task has largely been left implicit. As discussed by Attfield, Blandford and Dowell (2003), surprisingly little work on information seeking has set that seeking within the context of the broader information work of which it is a component. While this divorce from the context may be valid when considering work in physical libraries, where the information seeking task is often a bounded activity delineated by arrival at and departure from the library building, it is less so for digital libraries that can be accessed from the user's normal place of work, removing the marked transitions between information seeking and other activities. Within formal educational contexts, the integration of information seeking within the broader learning assignment has been considered for particular kinds of learning objects (discussing how they fit within the curriculum). However, the broader question of how students refine information problems, and in particular how digital resources can be well designed to support the overall information working process, has received little attention. Within the academic sphere, different disciplines typically have different information needs that specialise their requirements for information resources. For example, within computer science, the greatest need is for recent articles, and the visual appearance of the information is of little consequence as long as the material is comprehensible. There is little requirement for historical material. In contrast, within media studies, Adams and Blandford (2002b) found that subject specialists need to see how information was presented in its original context; for example, newspaper items need to be studied within the context of their layout, positioning and neighbouring articles. Consequently, digitisation needs to include facsimile representations of content as well as textual representations for material typically used by students and researchers in media studies, whereas only substantive content is needed in many other disciplines. A similar contrast can be found between the needs of users in the sciences and the humanities. Considering work in the humanities, Stone (1982) and Watson-Boone (1994) established that users need a much wider range of resources than those in other disciplines. Monographs are as vital to them as journals, and they may need to refer to material which is much older than that used by researchers in the sciences and social sciences, such as manuscripts or early printed books, even if digital surrogates are available (Warwick & Carty, 2001; Duff & Johnson, 2002). In professional disciplines such as medicine and law, an important role for information is as evidence. However, evidence is used in different ways within the disciplines. Kuhlthau and Tama (2001) quote a lawyer in their study (p.30): "The hardest part of the job is figuring out a strategy for a complex case and figuring out what path to take. […] Trying to figure out how it is going to play before a jury." This illustrates both the poorly determined nature of early information needs, as the lawyer is looking for a suitable angle on the case, and also the need to identify information as evidence – in this case, maybe to present before a jury. In medicine, within the UK, there has been a recent shift in emphasis towards clinical audit and Evidence Based Medicine (Adams and Blandford, 2002a; Adams, Blandford and Lunt, forthcoming). This perspective demands that clinicians have access to information about current best evidence (e.g. of diagnoses and treatment plans) and best practice, readily accessible to them. Compared to lawyers, clinicians have traditionally made little use of such evidence interleaved with their ongoing work, typically relying on a combination of prior training and experience, discussions with colleagues and Continuing Professional Development that is not focused on an individual case. Thus, clinicians have a relatively underdeveloped culture of accessing professional (evidential) information within the context of their day-to-day practice (with some notable, well defined, exceptions such as ward protocols and information on drugs). This brief overview of the needs of a few disciplines illustrates the breadth of different kinds of information requirements and tasks that DLs need to support – whether for students learning formally or practitioners learning informally 'on the job'. A further consideration is not just what resources people need, and why, but how people acquire the skills necessary to find the information they need. Development of Expertise in Information Seeking Earlier, we discussed the "threshold" of fear experienced by Maori library users; another threshold – of competence and understanding – emerged in the studies of Blandford et al (2001). In a detailed qualitative study of 8 computer scientists (who had not received specific training in using DLs), Blandford et al found that users had to overcome substantial obstacles in learning to use DLs, including conceptual understanding of library organisation and of how to construct and refine queries. Several other studies (e.g. Stelmaszewska & Blandford, 2002; Borgman, 1996; Marchionini, 1995) have also found that many users of electronic information resources lack both the knowledge and experience to construct organised and disciplined search strategies across individual queries. In the case of many novices, failed queries are repeatedly attempted, and partially successful ones abandoned without development. In contrast, as discussed above, expert librarians rely heavily on systematic approaches to the evolution of their searches and the selection of search criteria (Fields, Keith & Blandford, 2004). Experts demonstrate comprehensible strategies, whereas novices can seem perplexingly illogical. Inexperienced users clearly need to learn some of the decisionmaking tactics and the coherent strategies identified by, for example, Sutcliffe and Ennis (1998) and Bates (1979). However, little work has considered the nature of skills in using DLs effectively; they will clearly include general computing and navigation skills as well as information skills (such as query formulation and refinement). As discussed above, researchers such as Hsieh-Yee (1993) have used two dimensions of expertise: in information seeking and the subject domain. Cothey (2002) criticises studies such as that of Hsieh-Yee (1993) as confusing expertise with experience, assuming that sophistication of searching is correlated to the amount of searching done. In a longitudinal study of changing search practices by web users over a ten-month period, Cothey found that, rather than becoming perceptibly more sophisticated, users' behaviour was more characterised as shifting from searching to browsing, and focusing on fewer selected sites – both features of information gathering that indicate streamlining of search effort. Thus, Cothey appears to be arguing that familiarisation with particular resources, appropriate to their usual needs, is an important element of user experience. However, another aspect of her argument is that most users do not appear to develop the sophisticated information working skills observed by Fields et al (2004) in their study of librarians; as well as users minimising effort, it would also appear that the tools available to them do not support them in developing more sophisticated strategies. Further evidence to support the idea that familiarity is important is provided by the studies of Adams and Blandford (2002b), who found even librarians commenting that if they did not access DLs regularly they lost the skills of using them in a period of rapid change, and of Blandford et al (2001), who found that users invariably chose to work with familiar resources when given a choice. Familiarity with a particular DL includes many facets: its structure, features, contents, effective indexing terms, etc. This ability to probe and gain familiarity is another aspect of expertise. In practice, within the DL domain, there has been a focus on improving search algorithms and user modelling (e.g. Sutcliffe and Ennis, 2000) to yield good search results. Less attention has been paid to improving users' information skills so that they are empowered to search more effectively. There are outstanding research questions over the appropriate balance of power and capability between user and system. However, effective searching is such a sophisticated skill that it seems unlikely that it can be completely delegated to any system – at least in the foreseeable future. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to improve users' information skills; this may be by improving system design or by the appropriate inclusion of information intermediaries within the broader information system context. Changing roles and relationships The information intermediary role is often taken by librarians. However, this is not the only role for the librarian. The librarian has also been the arbiter of quality (deciding what resources to make available); the gatekeeper who determines who can access particular resources; the guide to library services; and the archivist caring for and preserving resources. The relative importance of these roles is largely determined by the organisation and functions of the library. The shift to digital resources is forcing a major review of the roles of the librarian within the web of information resources – and hence also the relationship between librarian and information user. Information mediation: the changing role of the librarian One well established role for librarians, or related information professionals, is as information intermediaries. Such positions can be found in domains including academia, healthcare, journalism and legal work. Traditionally, their primary role was as finders and presenters of information, in situations where the domain specialist is not expected to have the necessary information skills. Nicholas and Martin (1993) discuss the information seeking of journalists, looking in particular at when they do and do not employ the skills of expert information intermediaries to help with their searches. They conclude that intermediaries are of most help at the focused stage of searching. At this point, the information problem is well defined, but the journalist typically does not have the skills to formulate queries and probe information resources effectively. In the pre-focus stage, where the concern is more with finding out what might be relevant, what has been written previously on a topic and what possible focuses for an article might be, journalists need to interact directly with the information themselves, even if that interaction is comparatively inefficient in objective terms. A similar point is made by Kuhlthau and Tama (2001) regarding the information work of lawyers. They argue that lawyers frequently choose paper-based over electronic texts because it is so often necessary to provide well-specified search terms for the latter, and it is relatively difficult to compare and synthesise information across multiple documents within current computer environments. They extend this to argue for 'just for me' services that involve intermediaries and well designed systems that can tailor information delivery to the particular needs of an individual lawyer. Both of these examples illustrate the role of the intermediary as someone who takes a user's information need and delivers relevant documents back to that user. Adams, Attfield and Blandford (2004) relate various intermediary roles to a user's "information journey". They describe an information journey as passing through three important stages: identifying an information need, acquiring information, and then interpreting that information in context. For example, a patient may want to learn more about their condition and get information from the internet, but that information still needs to be interpreted and made personal for them (e.g. understanding what it means in terms of the severity of the condition or ways to manage it). Within the context of the information journey, Adams et al identify three roles for intermediaries: o Information initiator: someone who initiates the requirement for information – not necessarily an information professional. This role is often taken by educators who provoke new questions in the minds of their pupils. o Information facilitator: someone who locates information for the user, as discussed above (using the term 'intermediary'). o Information mediator: someone who interprets information on behalf of the user – turning it into language more easily assimilated by the end user, or contextualising the information to the user's situation. Adams, Attfield and Blandford derive their findings from a study of clinicians and patients, including clinical teams that include information specialists, and of NHS Direct (an organisation that is oriented towards healthcare information provision for the UK population). While these roles are not new, the need to explicitly recognise and support all of them is becoming greater as new ways of delivering information are developed. One of the challenges articulated by librarians in an earlier study (Adams and Blandford, 2002b) was that as their users (in that case, lecturers and students) shifted towards digital information use, there was less reason to visit the physical library. Although librarians remained responsible for selecting material for inclusion in the library, they were becoming less well informed by the users of that material about their requirements; in addition, information providers would sometimes change the design of the system or the conditions of use, leaving the librarian – still responsible for subscriptions but not necessarily seeing the fruits of their expenditure immediately – as the last to know about changes. As well as selecting the material to be made available to users, librarians also administer authentication mechanisms whereby users can access materials. So librarians serve as 'gatekeepers' in two directions: they select the resources that users can access, and they select the users that can access the resources. They are also responsible for ensuring user awareness of what is possible. However, in both the academic and health arenas, Adams and Blandford (2002b) found that users expressed a wish that particular resources could be available, only to have library staff confirm that those resources were already available; what was missing was user awareness of the resources. Thus, an important role for librarians is that of awareness raiser – a role that is made more difficult by the lack of serendipitous meetings between librarians and users. In summary, the shift to desktop access for digital resources means that the gatekeepers and awareness raisers are marginalised within the user–information interaction, leaving a need for new means of communication across the "information community". There is a corresponding change in the role of the librarian with respect to their users. The impact of technology on work: the changing roles of users Just as DLs are changing the roles of librarians, so they are also changing the roles of many information users. Some attention has been paid to the impact access to digital resources has on particular user communities. For example, Elliot and Kling (1997) report on the use of legal resources and their effects on the practices and attitudes of various stakeholders within the legal profession. They note a "strong interplay between home computer use and [legal research DLs] at work" (p. 1023), and also note that members of the legal profession prefer one-to-one assistance rather than group training. There appear to be several factors at work here; firstly, ready access to a computer is essential for accessing digital libraries in a timely way; secondly, regular use of a computer gives people better transferable skills and more confidence in using new systems; thirdly, people need a learning environment that is suited to their own needs – given their current circumstances, understanding and information problems. Access is clearly an important issue – and remains so at the time of writing (seven years after the publication of Elliot and Kling's work). Access is not just about whether an individual can physically use a computer that is connected to the internet (although that is clearly important). In a study of DL use in hospitals, Adams and Blandford (2002a) found many reports of computers being located in places that were not equally accessible to all members of staff; access might be restricted by physical location (e.g. placed in a doctor's office rather than on a ward, or in the nurses' area rather than socially shared space); alternatively, it might be restricted by the application of security mechanisms such as passwords that effectively block use from many legitimate users. Within the hospital setting, possession of information is one important source of power, with the consequence that high status users can feel threatened if lower status users have improved information access. Similarly, within educational settings, poor accessibility was found to be caused by inappropriate system design, obstructive access mechanisms, poor usability and inadequate support for searching (Adams and Blandford, 2002b). This typically resulted in lecturers using unvalidated web resources in preference to quality-checked ones such as peer reviewed articles. While physical accessibility is essential, more subtle aspects of access such as learnability and social factors also need to be taken into account. It might be argued that lecturers have appropriate skills in assessing the quality of information for themselves; however, it is less likely that their students have such well honed assessment skills. Stelmaszewska and Blandford (2004) found that within the academic context, peers and teachers are valued sources of recommendations. One important feature of these recommendations is that they come from a trusted source. More broadly, the role of peers has been found to be central to effective information use. Within the clinical domain, Adams, Attfield and Blandford (2004) found that peers are a primary source of information – whether solicited or incidental. Adams, Blandford and Lunt (forthcoming) compare three different approaches to making information accessible in clinical contexts, each involving different relationships between users, librarians and technology: o The traditional situation where information is made available within a physical library setting, including networked computer systems to access digital resources; o A situation where computer systems were made available in the workplace, to facilitate access to technology, and hence to digital resources; and o One employing an intermediary who spent an average of two hours a week with each team in the work setting, attending their meetings and making digital resources available to them. Although apparently improving access, the second of these arrangements was found to be more divisive than constructive; the set-up was perceived as threatening by many of its potential users, and there was no immediate support to overcome the 'thresholds' discussed above. In contrast, the third was found to empower users. The clinicians in that situation reported a growing understanding of the possible roles for information within their day-to-day work and also a growing confidence in their own ability to find and work with information (because they were prepared to try things on their own, in the knowledge that help would be available soon, if not immediately, from the intermediary). This finding was explained in terms of Communities of Practice (Wenger, 1999): that the third of these situations enabled people to work with, and expand, their established communities of practice. This, in turn, enabled people to learn from peers, and for the culture of the teams to evolve to make information practices more central to their work in a non-threatening way. While this study took place in a professional setting, in which learning is relatively informal, there are clear implications for the use of DLs and similar resources within formal educational settings. In particular, there is a clear need for the creation of environments that support the acquisition of appropriate and effective information working skills. At present, human intermediaries are the most effective way to achieve this; one of the challenges for the future is to find new design and deployment strategies that facilitate knowledge-based Communities of Practice that support learning for their members. Looking to the future Several times in this paper we have noted how little is known about various aspects of information work and the design of systems to support it. We seem to be feeling our way, unsure of when and why particular designs work well. As noted above, in traditional libraries, the flexible role of the librarian enables him or her to mediate between the information resources and the user where necessary, and thereby reduce many of the hurdles to using the system. Digital libraries do not, as yet, provide such intermediaries (whether computer-based or human-at-a-distance), leaving users to overcome, circumvent or be deterred by the barriers they encounter. Meanwhile, there is a growing need for information skills as the volume of information and the number of ways of interacting with that information expand. Correspondingly, there is a need for focused studies that enable us to better understand how users work with information and how the design of DLs can enhance, rather than obstruct, the experience of information work. New technologies will create new possibilities; for example, Stutt and Motta (2004) discuss possibilities emerging from the inclusion of more semantic information in digital resources. DLs have the potential to enhance 'anywhere, any time' learning, creating new forms of collaboration and personalisation. It will become increasingly easy to work with multiple media and to enhance the experience of interacting with information. In principle, digital technologies should facilitate information access from remote and impoverished locations that cannot afford extensive paper-based resources. However, we have shown that simply making digital resources available is not sufficient to make them used effectively. There are enormous barriers to effective working that need to be recognised and addressed in the design of future systems. This refers not only to the design of the technology, but also to the design of broader information working systems, including physical places, information professionals and ways of working. Important challenges remain. For example, in many domains the information that is currently accessible to the informed lay-person is markedly different from that available to the professional, creating gulfs of understanding; there are unresolved issues over how digital information is financed, which can disenfranchise some user groups; and ways to support users learning to work with information need to be improved. It seems unlikely that it will ever be possible to dispense completely with the flexible intelligence of human intermediaries who support learners in acquiring information skills – even if this were considered desirable. Analogously, the roles of peers in helping people identify appropriate, trusted resources needs to be recognised and regarded as a strength rather than a weakness of system design; peers may sometimes interact most effectively faceto-face, but ideally there will be powerful ways for them to interact with and about information through digital channels. The future may well consist of hybrid libraries that combine the strengths of the physical library as a place to meet, a place to archive valuable physical resources and a focus for information work, with the strengths of digital libraries, as large, internationally available repositories of trusted information that are available anywhere and at any time, and that support collaboration and joint knowledge construction. Conclusions Witten et al (2001) discuss the role that information and communications technologies play in extending the "chasm between "knows" and "know-nots"" (p.82). It will be essential for the students of the future to acquire the information skills that ensure they are on the side of the "knows". As discussed above, these skills are complex and sophisticated. The view that technology should be "ready to hand" – a transparent tool that can be used effectively with minimal thought – is a compelling one. However, any tool takes practice to use effectively. Within Western culture, learning to use a library is a lifelong process, starting with 'story time' in the children's section of the public library or with 'alphabet skills' at school. More generally, within the physical library, there are staff and peers to help new library users acquire the early skills to 'bootstrap' themselves into the library culture and practices. With the shift towards electronic information use, there need to be analogous, though different, structures and mechanisms in place to provide equivalent – or even improved – support for learners, as information working skills become increasingly important. We have sketched out partial approaches to this challenge, such as information intermediaries and group sharing systems; the real challenge for the future is to devise new and powerful approaches to empowering information learners and users. Acknowledgements This paper is based on work conducted under ESRC grant RES-335-25-0032 and EPSRC grants GR/M81748, GR/N37858 and GR/S84798. I am grateful for stimulating discussions with Anne Adams, Simon Attfield, George Buchanan, Hanna Stelmaszewska and Claire Warwick on the topics covered in this paper. Anonymous referees made constructive suggestions for changes that have improved this paper. References Adams, A. & Blandford, A. (2002a) Acceptability of Medical Digital Libraries. Health Informatics Journal. 8(2), 58-66. Sheffield Academic Press. ISSN 1460-4582. Adams, A. & Blandford, A. (2002b) Digital libraries in academia: challenges and changes. In E-P Lim, S. Foo, C. Khoo, H. Chen, E. Fox, S. Urs & T. Costantino (Eds.) Digital Libraries: People, Knowledge , and Technology. 392 - 403. Springer LNCS 2555. Adams, A., Blandford, A. & Lunt, P. (forthcoming) Social Empowerment and Exclusion: a case study on Digital Libraries. To appear in ACM Transactions on CHI. Draft available from www.uclic.ucl.ac.uk/annb/DLUsability/ClinicalDL.html. Adams, A., Attfield, S. & Blandford, A. (2004) Have digital resources taken a wrong turn on the health 'information journey'?. In Proc. Healthcare Digital Libraries Workshop. Preprint available from www.uclic.ucl.ac.uk/annb/DLUsability/ClinicalDL.html. Attfield, S., Blandford, A. & Dowell, J. (2003) Information seeking in the context of writing: a design psychology interpretation of the 'problematic situation'. Journal of Documentation. 59(4). 430 - 453. Bartolo, L., Lowe, C., Powell, A., Sadoway, D. Vieyra, J. & Stemen, K. (2004) Use of MatML with Software Applications for E-learning. In Proc. ACM-IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. 190-191. Bates, M. (1979) Information Search Tactics. Journal of the American Society for Information Systems. 30. 280-289. Battles, M. (2003) Library: an unquiet history. London: William Heinemann. Blandford, A., Keith, S., Connell, I. & Edwards, H. (2004) Analytical usability evaluation for Digital Libraries: a case study. In Proc. ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. 27-36. Blandford, A., Stelmaszewska, H. & Bryan-Kinns, N. (2001) Use of multiple digital libraries: a case study. In Proc. JCDL 2001. 179-188. ACM Press. Borgman, C.L. (1996). Why are online catalogs still hard to use? JASIS, 47(7), 493-503 Cothey (2002) Longitudinal study of World Wide Web users' information searching behaviour. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2), pp 67-78. D'Elia, G. Jörgensen, C., Woelfel, J. & Rodger, E. (2002) The Impact of the Internet on Public Library Use: An Analysis of the Current Consumer Market for Library and Internet Services. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(10). 802–820. Duff, W. M. & Johnson, C. A. (2002) Accidentally found on purpose: Information-seeking behavior of historians in archives, Library Quarterly, 72: 472-496 Duncker, E. (2002) Cross-cultural usability of the library metaphor. In Proceedings of JCDL'02, ACM Press. 223-230. Elliott, M. & Kling, R. (1997) Organisational Usability of Digital Libraries: Case Study of Legal Research in Civil and Criminal Courts. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 48(11). 1023–1035. Ellis, D. (1989) A Behavioural Model for Information Retrieval System Design. Journal of Information Science, 15. 237-247. Fields, B., Keith, S. & Blandford, A. (2004) Designing for Expert Information Finding Strategies. In S. Fincher, P. Markopoulos, D. Moore & R. Ruddle (Eds.) People and Computers XVIII – Design for Life, Proc. HCI04. Springer. 89-102. Hsieh-Yee, I. (1993) Effects of Search Experience and Subject Knowledge on the Search Tactics of Novice and Experienced Searchers. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 44(3): 161-174. Ingwersen, P. (1996) Cognitive perspectives of information retrieval interaction: elements of a cognitive IR theory. J Documentation 52 (1) 3-50 Kuhlthau, C.(1988) Longitudinal case studies of the information search process of users in libraries. Library and information science research 10 (3) pp. 257-304 Kuhlthau, C. C. & Tama, S. L. (2001) Information search process of lawyers, a call for 'just for me' information services. Journal of Documentation, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 25-43. Marchionini, G (1995) Information seeking in electronic environments. Cambridge University Press Miller-Francisco, E. (2003) Managing electronic resources in a time of shrinking budgets. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, 27(4). 507-51 Nicholas, D. & Martin, H. (1993) Should journalists search themselves? (And what happens when they do?) In Proc. Online Information 93. 227-234. Shneiderman, B., Byrd, D. & Croft, B (1998). Sorting out searching. Communications of the ACM, 41(4):95–98. Stelmaszewska, H. & Blandford, A. (2002). Patterns of interactions: user behaviour in response to search results. In A. Blandford and G. Buchanan eds. Proc. JCDL Workshop on Usability. Stelmaszewska, H. & Blandford, A. (2004) From physical to digital: a case study of computer scientists' behaviour in physical libraries. International Journal of Digital Libraries. 4.2. 8292. Stone, S. (1982) Humanities Scholars-Information needs and uses. Journal of Documentation 38 (4): 292-313. . Stutt, A. & Motta, E. (2004) Semantic Learning Webs. Journal of Interactive Media in Education. 10. www.jime.open.ac.uk/2004/10. Sumner, T. & Marlino, M. (2004) Digital Libraries and Educational Practice: A Case Study for New Models. In Proc. Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL'04). 170 - 178. Sutcliffe, A. & Ennis, M. (1998) Towards a cognitive theory of information retrieval. Interacting with Computers. 10: 321-351. Sutcliffe, A .& Ennis, M. (2000) Designing intelligent assistance for end-user information retrieval. Proc. OZCHI00 202- 210. Theng, Y. L. (2002) Information Therapy in Digital Libraries. In Proceedings of ICADL'02, Digital Libraries : People, Knowledge and Technology. Heidelberg: Springer. 452-464. Theng, Y. L., Mohd-Nasir, M. & Thimbleby, H. (2000) Purpose and usability of Digital Libraries. In Proceedings of ACM DL'00. 238-239 Twidale, M. B. & Nichols, D. M. (1998) Using studies of collaborative activity in physical environments to inform the design of digital libraries. Presented at the CSCW'98 Workshop Collaborative and co-operative information seeking in digital information environments. (Also as Technical Report CSEG/11/98, Computing Department, Lancaster University) Vakkari, P. (2000) Cognition and changes of search terms and tactics during task performance: a longitudinal study. In Proceedings of the RIAO 2000 Conference. Paris: CID, pp. 894-907. Vakkari, P. (2001) A theory of the task-based information retrieval process: a summary and generalisation of a longitudinal study. Journal of Documentation. 57(1), 46-60. Warwick C and Carty, C. (2001) Only Connect, a Study of the Problems caused by platform specificity and researcher isolation in humanities computing. In Arved Hubler, Peter Linde and John W.T. Smith, (eds.) Electronic Publishing 01, 2001 in the digital Publishing Odyssey. Proceedings of the 5th International ICCC/IFIP Conference on Electronic Publishing. 36-47 Watson-Boone, R. (1994) The Information Needs and Habits of Humanities Scholars, Reference Quarterly, 34, 203-216 Wenger, E. (1999) Communities of practice: Learning, meaning and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Witten, I.H., Loots, M, Trujillo, M. & Bainbridge, D. (2001) The promise of Digital Libraries in Developing Countries. Communications of the ACM, 44.5. 82-85. Biographical notes Ann Blandford is a Reader in Interaction Design and Deputy Director of the UCL Interaction Centre, where she teaches Human–Computer Interaction. She leads research projects on usability evaluation methods and usability of Digital Libraries. Her work on Digital Libraries encompasses social, cognitive and technical aspects of the user experience, as well as the development of tools to support design.	<urn:uuid:0d1a650d-e3fe-4d26-b382-2c12dc40a65c>	CC-MAIN-2021-17	https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1416728/1/15309.pdf	2021-04-19T08:48:44+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-17/subset=warc/part-00013-74237c22-0523-49c6-9e5a-6b4aa471a042.c000.gz.parquet	311,750,409	12,166	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.96375	eng_Latn	0.997685	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2429, 6537, 11403, 15957, 20268, 24658, 28887, 33332, 37704, 41953, 46330, 50592, 54385, 57566, 60941, 61673 ]
MICROWAVE COOKING: * If there is no turntable in the microwave, rotate dish a quarter turn once or twice during cooking. * Use a lid to ensure thorough heating and stir several times. TAKE OUT FOODS: * Avoid high risk food sources (salad bars, delicatessens, buffets, potlucks, and sidewalk vendors) * Avoid soft serve yogurt, ice cream and milk shake machines * Avoid self-serve bulk condiment containers, i.e., ketchup, mustard, etc. If you would like to have a consult with a nutritionist, please speak with your healthcare provider. FOOD GUIDELINES 100 DAYS AFTER STEM CELL TRANSPLANT Infection is a major concern in patients who have undergone marrow or stem cell transplant. In order to decrease risk of food borne illness the following guidelines are suggested: FOODS TO AVOID: * Raw eggs (unpasturized egg nogs, homemade ice cream, Caesar salads, cake and cookie batters, or homemade mayonnaise) * Any raw or undercooked meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, or tofu (sushi, sashimi, oysters, cold smoked lox, steak tartare). * Miso Products * Untested well water * Unpasturized dairy products, juices or ciders * Deli meats or prepackaged cold cuts (unless heated until steaming hot) * Blue-veined cheeses (blue, roquefort, gorgonzola), camembert, brie, feta and queso fresco. * Cold brewed tea made with cold or warm water * Alfalfa sprouts GROCERY SHOPPING: * Avoid products that have damaged packages/do not buy cans with dents or bulges. * Do not use any product after the "use by" date. * Avoid foods from self-select bulk containers. * Avoid cracked eggs. * Avoid tasting samples of free food. * Avoid blemished fruits and vegetables. * Buy frozen or refrigerated food items last and take groceries directly home to refrigerate, freeze or cook. * At the bakery, avoid un-refrigerated cream and custard containing desserts. SAFE FOOD HANDLING: * Use separate cutting boards, dishes and utensils for cooked foods and raw foods. * Always wash hands with soap and warm running water prior to eating and before and after every step in food preparation. * Wash cutting boards after each use in hot, soapy water or in the dishwasher and weekly with 1 part bleach to 10 parts water. * Clean sponges daily with 1 tsp. bleach per quart of water or throw in laundry or dishwasher everyday. Replace sponges every 2 weeks. * Wash top of canned foods before opening. * Use clean paper towels to wipe up raw juices from beef, poultry or other animal foods. * Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water before peeling and cutting and cut away bruised areas. * During food preparation avoid tasting food with the same utensil used for stirring. * Cook eggs until whites are cooked and the yolk is firm. * Cook food thoroughly. Use a meat thermometer and the chart below to ensure food has been cooked to a safe temperature. Insert the thermometer into the thickest part of the product. * Foods that spoil easily should be kept very hot or very cold and should not be left out (at room temperature) for longer than 2 hours. (1 hour if made with egg, cream or mayonnaise.) * Marinate foods in the refrigerator. * Thaw all frozen foods in the refrigerator, under cool running water, or use the defrost setting of the microwave in a dish to catch drips. * Do not refreeze defrosted foods. * Throw away entire food package if any mold is present, i.e, bread, cheese, etc. * Distribute large quantities of food into small, shallow, pint size containers for refrigeration and refrigerate only what you will eat within 2-3 days and freeze the rest. * Place leftovers in airtight containers or cover with tightly wrapped plastic wrap and refrigerate or freeze immediately after use. * Use the following chart for longest length of storage:	<urn:uuid:a5e999e3-64c2-47de-b54a-a46f9722fb4d>	CC-MAIN-2020-45	https://www.dana-farber.org/legacy/uploadedFiles/Library/health-library/nutrition/food-guidelines-100-days-after-stem-cell-transplant.pdf	2020-10-25T02:34:16+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-45/subset=warc/part-00219-6409130e-6e9b-44d1-90ec-9f9d0ade2504.c000.gz.parquet	686,640,452	863	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.992139	eng_Latn	0.996855	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 593, 3751 ]
Application of Monte Carlo Simulation to Intercalation Electrochemistry I. Thermodynamic Approach to Lithium Intercalation into LiMn$_2$O$_4$ Electrode Sung-Woo Kim and Su-Il Pyun* Corrosion and Interfacial Electrochemistry Research Laboratory at Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea (Received January 11, 2002; Accepted May 8, 2002) Abstract. The present article is concerned with the application of the Monte Carlo simulation to electrochemistry of lithium intercalation from the thermodynamic view point. This article first introduced the fundamental concepts of the ensembles, and Ising and lattice gas models in statistical thermodynamics for the Monte Carlo simulation in brief. Finally the Monte Carlo method based upon the lattice gas model was employed to analyse thermodynamics of the lithium intercalation into the transition metal oxides. Especially we dealt with the thermodynamic properties as the electrode potential curve and the partial molar internal energy and entropy of lithium ion in the case of the LiMn$_2$O$_4$ electrode, and consequently confirmed the utility of the Monte Carlo method in the field of electrochemistry of the lithium intercalation. 초 록 : 열역학적 관점에서 몬테 카를로 방법의 전기화학적 리튬 인터칼레이션에로의 응용에 대하여 다루었다. 우선 농게 열역학적 양상을, Ising 및 lattice gas 모델의 기본 개념을 간단히 소개하였고, lattice gas 모델에 근거한 몬테 카를로 방법을 사용하여 전이금속 산화물내로의 리튬 인터칼레이션의 열역학을 해석하였다. 특히 LiMn$_2$O$_4$ 전극에 대해 전극 포텐셜 곡선과 리튬 이온의 부분 물 내부에너지와 엔트로피와 같은 열역학적 특성을 다루었고, 이후부터 리튬 인터칼레이션의 전기화학분야에서 몬테 카를로 방법의 유용성을 확인하였다. Key words: Lattice gas model, LiMn$_2$O$_4$ electrode, Lithium Intercalation, Monte Carlo simulation 1. Introduction The name Monte Carlo method arises from the fact that this method uses random numbers. The Monte Carlo methods started during the 1940s, developed parallel to the performance of the computers, and have become an indispensable tool in many fields of science, especially in physics.\textsuperscript{1-4} Most of the recent programming languages for computers contain the so-called pseudo-random number generators using recurrence relations which are known to have periods intrinsic to the algorithms used, but usually to satisfy the criteria for randomness.\textsuperscript{5)} The Monte Carlo methods have been used to the simulation of the thermodynamic properties of a system at an equilibrium state. The methods have allowed us to explore the methodology of statistical thermodynamics and to introduce the effect of temperature on the thermodynamic properties. Application of the methods has expanded from the traditional research areas of dense gases, liquids and solids to the studies of phase transition\textsuperscript{6-8)}, growth of phases\textsuperscript{9,10)}, adsorption on surface of solids\textsuperscript{11-17)} and diffusion in solid bulks\textsuperscript{18-20)}. Those phenomena were theoretically analysed by using simple statistical thermodynamics based upon an Ising model or a lattice gas model with appropriate approximations. Recently, the Monte Carlo methods based upon the lattice gas model have been also employed in the field of electrochemistry to investigate 2-dimensional adsorption of ions on the electrode surface\textsuperscript{21)} and 3-dimensional electrochemical intercalation of ions into the bulk electrodes, especially electrochemical intercalation of lithium ions into transition metal oxides where lithium ions interact strongly with each other.\textsuperscript{22,23)} In those works, the Monte Carlo methods have been successfully applied to theoretically derive the thermodynamic properties such as the relationship between the electrode potential and either the surface coverage or the composition of ions. This article reviewed fundamentals of the Monte Carlo methods based upon statistical thermodynamics to analyse the electrochemical lithium intercalation from the thermodynamic view point. Basic concepts of statistical thermodynamics and the procedures of the Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the thermodynamic quantities were first introduced in brief, and then the results theoretically calculated were compared with those results experimentally measured on the LiMn$_2$O$_4$ electrode, one of the transition metal oxides as the intercalation compounds. 2. Fundamentals of Statistical Thermodynamics for Monte Carlo Method 2.1. Canonical and grandcanonical ensembles In order to calculate the thermodynamic properties based upon statistical thermodynamics, let us discuss the concept of an ensemble of systems. An ensemble is a collection of a very large number of microstates, each constructed to be an instantaneous replica of the macroscopic properties of the particular system of interest. In general, most physical systems are in thermal contact with the environment and exchange their energy with the environment. This thermal contact allows energy to be exchanged between the system and its environment in the form of heat. Since such system of interest is usually small in comparison to its environment, we assume that any change in the energy of the system does not significantly affect temperature of the environment which is referred to the heat reservoir or heat bath. The ensemble which describes the probability distribution of microstates in thermal equilibrium with the environment is known as the canonical ensemble (CE). In CE, all microstates have the same volume $V$, the same temperature $T$ and the same total number of atoms or ions $N$ with each other. Considering an infinitely large number of microstates of the system in CE, the probability $P_i$ of a microstate $i$ with energy $E_i$ is given by $$P_i = \frac{1}{Z} \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (1) where $Z$ is a normalisation constant; $k_B$, the Boltzmann’s constant, and $T$ represents the absolute temperature. Since $\sum_i P_i = 1$, $$Z = \sum_i \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (2) which is known as the partition function or sum of state (Zustandssumme) of CE. One can obtain the ensemble average of the thermodynamic quantity of interest $\langle A \rangle$ from $$\langle A \rangle = \sum_i A_i P_i = \frac{1}{Z} \sum_i A_i \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (3) where $A_i$ is the thermodynamic quantity $A$ of the microstate $i$. As a matter of fact, one can generate only a finite number $n$ of the total number of microstates $N$, and hence estimate the mean value $\langle A \rangle$ by $$\langle A \rangle = \sum_i^n A_i \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right) / \sum_i^n \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right)$$ $$= \sum_i^n A_i \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right) / \sum_i^n \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (4) In order to save a lot of time on calculation of the ensemble average, we generally use an importance sampling method by generating the configuration of microstates according to a probability distribution function $\pi_i$ as $$\langle A \rangle \approx \sum_i^n A_i \frac{1}{\pi_i} \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right) / \sum_i^n \frac{1}{\pi_i} \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (5) where $\pi_i$ is generally accepted as the Boltzmann probability itself, $$\pi_i = \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right) / \sum_i^n \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (6) In this case $\langle A \rangle$ can be written as $$\langle A \rangle \approx \frac{1}{n} \sum_i^n A_i$$ \hspace{1cm} (7) The above importance sampling method is so-called Metropolis algorithm\textsuperscript{[3]} that is described in detail as follows: (i) Establish an initial configuration of the system, (ii) Make a random trial change in the initial configuration, (iii) Compute the change in the energy of the system $\Delta E$ due to the trial change, (iv) If $\Delta E$ is less than or equal to zero in value, accept the new configuration and go to the step (vii). (v) If $\Delta E$ is positive in value, compute the transition probability $W_{ij} = \exp(-\Delta E/k_B T)$, (vi) If $W_{ij}$ is larger in value than a random number generated between 0 and 1, accept the new configuration; otherwise, retain the previous configuration, (vii) Determine the value of the thermodynamic quantities of interest, and then repeat the steps (ii) through (vii) to obtain a sufficient number of the configurations of the system. On the other hand, in case the system exchanges both heat and mass with its environment, the probability distribution of microstates of the system is described by the grandcanonical ensemble (GCE) in which all microstates have the same $V$, $T$, and chemical potential $\mu$ with each other. In GCE, the probability $P_i$ of a microstate $i$ with energy $E_i$ is written as $$P_i = \frac{1}{\Xi} \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right) \exp\left(\frac{\mu N}{k_B T}\right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (8) where $\Xi$ is the partition function of GCE given by $$\Xi = \sum_N \sum_i \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right) \exp\left(\frac{\mu N}{k_B T}\right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (9) According to the definition of the mean value, the ensemble average of the thermodynamic quantity of interest $\langle A \rangle$ in GCE can be obtained from $$\langle A \rangle = \sum_N \sum_i P_i A_i$$ $$= \frac{1}{\Xi} \sum_N \sum_i A_i \exp\left(\frac{\mu N}{k_B T}\right) \exp\left(-\frac{E_i}{k_B T}\right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (10) ### 2.2. Ising and lattice gas models Most popular model for the systems in statistical physics is an Ising model\textsuperscript{[1,2,6-8]} which is first used to investigate the 2nd order phase transition, for example, from a paramagnet to a ferromagnet. In order to introduce the Ising model, let us consider each site $i$ in the lattice associated with a number $s_i$ meaning the spin of the site $i$, where $s_i = +1$ for an up-spin and $s_i = -1$ for a down-spin for magnetic moment. In this case, the total number of atoms or ions $N$ in the lattice is equal to the total number of sites $N_s$ of the lattice in value. In the Ising model, the total energy of the lattice as Hamiltonian $H$ in the presence of a magnetic field $h$ is simply given by $$H = -J \sum_{ij} s_i s_j - h \sum_{i=1}^{N} s_i$$ \hspace{1cm} (11) where $J$ is the exchange constant which is a measure of interaction between the nearest neighbour spins, and $s_i$ represents the spin of the site $j$ which is the nearest neighbour of the site $i$. A particular configuration of the spins is specified by a set of variables $\{s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_r, s_j, \ldots, s_N\}$ for all the sites of the lattice. If $J > 0$, the favorable configuration of the spins is ferromagnetic; if $J < 0$, that configuration of the spins is antiferromagnetic.$^3$ In Eq. (11), the first summation over all the nearest neighbour spins in the lattice corresponds to the total interaction energy of the lattice. If we interpret the down-spin as an occupied site by an atom or ion, and the up-spin as an empty site in the lattice, we can simply transform the Ising model to a lattices gas model. The lattice gas model has been also of great importance to investigate the 2nd order phase transition of solids with critical transition behaviour. In the lattice gas model, the total energy of the lattice $H$ in the presence of a chemical potential $\mu$ is simply written as $$H = J \sum_{ij} c_i c_j - \mu \sum_{i=1}^{N} c_i$$ \hspace{1cm} (12) where $c_i$ is the occupation number of the site $i$ which is related to $s_i$ by $c_i = (1-s_i)/2$: if the site $i$ is occupied by an atom or ion, $c_i = 1$ at $s_i = -1$; otherwise, $c_i = 0$ at $s_i = 1$. A particular configuration of the lattice is specified by the set of variables $\{c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_r, c_j, \ldots, c_N\}$ for all the sites of the lattice. In the case of the lattice gas model, the positive value of $J$ in Eq. (12) means the repulsive interaction between atoms or ions, while the negative value of $J$ indicates the attractive interaction. In the lattice gas model, it should be noted that the total number of atoms or ions $N$ in the lattice is less than or equal to the total number of sites $N_s$ of the lattice in value. The difference between the Ising model and the lattice gas model is that the total number of atoms or ions is fixed in the former, whereas that total number of atoms or ions can be changed in the latter during the Monte Carlo procedure. The simple algorithms commonly used to change the configuration of the system are the spin-exchange dynamics and the single spin-flip dynamics as shown in Figs. 1(a) and (b), respectively. One can readily expect that the total number of atoms or ions remains as invariant in the spin-exchange dynamics, while that total number of atoms or ions can be changed in the single spin-flip dynamics. Thus, these algorithms can describe two different ensembles: the former describes CE, whereas the latter does GCE.$^4$ Keeping in mind that the spin $s_i$ is interpreted as the occupation number $c_i$, the spin-exchange and the single spin-flip dynamics can be also employed in the lattice gas model to change the configuration of the system in CE and GCE, respectively. ### 2.3. Monte Carlo calculation of thermodynamic quantities Most thermodynamic studies by using the Monte Carlo method based upon the lattice gas model have focussed on determination of such thermodynamic quantities as the partial molar internal energy and entropy. Those partial quantities can be obtained by differentiation of the integral quantities given as a function of temperature or composition. In most cases, however, the integral quantities are not simply described as an analytical function of temperature or composition. It is thus necessary to evaluate the integral quantities at various temperatures and compositions by multiple Monte Carlo procedures. After that one can differentiate those integral quantities with respect to temperature and composition to obtain the partial quantities. Instead of the crude method, we can easily calculate the partial quantities by a single Monte Carlo procedure at a given temperature,$^25$ according to the relationship between the partial quantities and the fluctuations in the integral quantities.$^26,27$ In GCE, the equilibrium fraction of the sites occupied by atoms or ions $\delta$ is obtained by averaging the occupation number $c_i$ over all the sites in the lattice $N_s$ from $$\delta = \frac{1}{N_s} \sum_i c_i$$ \hspace{1cm} (13), at given $\mu$ and $T$ with a single Monte Carlo procedure. According to Eq. (13), the plot of $\mu$ vs. $\delta$ can be obtained without multiple Monte Carlo procedures. The partial molar internal energy $\tilde{U}$ and entropy $\tilde{S}$ at constant $V$ and $T$ can be also calculated by using the relationships between those partial quantities and the fluctuations in $U$ and $N$ about their mean values in GCE in a single Monte Carlo procedure. The partial molar internal energy $\tilde{U}$ is described as a function of the independent variables $\mu$, $V$ and $T$, $$\tilde{U} = \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial N} \right)_{V, T} = \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial \mu} \right)_{V, T} - \left( \frac{\partial N}{\partial \mu} \right)_{V, T}$$ \hspace{1cm} (14) The partial derivatives in Eq. (14) can be obtained by differentiating the mean value of $U$ and $N$ with respect to $\mu$. According to the definition of the mean value, the average number of atoms or ions $\langle N \rangle$ in GCE is $$\langle N \rangle = \sum_N P_i N$$ $$= \exp \left( \frac{Q}{k_B T} \right) \sum_N N \exp \left( \frac{\mu N}{k_B T} \right) \sum_i \exp \left( \frac{E_i}{k_B T} \right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (15) where $Q$ is the grandcanonical ensemble potential [23]. Differentiation of Eq. (15) with respect to $\mu$ at constant $V$ and $T$ gives $$\left( \frac{\partial N}{\partial \mu} \right)_{V, T} = \exp \left( \frac{Q}{k_B T} \right) \sum_N \left[ \frac{N^2}{k_B T} + \frac{N}{k_B T} \left( \frac{\partial Q}{\partial \mu} \right) \right] \exp \left( \frac{\mu N}{k_B T} \right) \sum_i \exp \left( - \frac{E_i}{k_B T} \right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (16) From the relationship of $dQ = V dp = SdT - N d\mu$ [26], it can be readily seen that $(\partial Q / \partial \mu)_{V, T} = -\langle N \rangle$ and hence $$\left( \frac{\partial N}{\partial \mu} \right)_{V, T} = \frac{1}{k_B T} (\langle N^2 \rangle - \langle N \rangle^2) = \frac{\text{Var}(N)}{k_B T}$$ \hspace{1cm} (17) where $\text{Var}(N)$ is the variance of $N$ in GCE. In addition, since the average internal energy $\langle U \rangle$ is $$\langle U \rangle = \sum_N P_i U = \exp \left( \frac{Q}{k_B T} \right) \sum_N U \exp \left( \frac{\mu N}{k_B T} \right) \sum_i \exp \left( - \frac{E_i}{k_B T} \right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (18) the partial derivative of $U$ with respect to $\mu$ at constant $V$ and $T$ is also given by $$\left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial \mu} \right)_{V, T} = \exp \left( \frac{Q}{k_B T} \right) \sum_N \left[ \frac{UN}{k_B T} - \frac{U}{k_B T} \left( \frac{\partial Q}{\partial \mu} \right) \right]$$ $$\times \exp \left( \frac{\mu N}{k_B T} \right) \sum_i \exp \left( - \frac{E_i}{k_B T} \right)$$ \hspace{1cm} (19) $$= \frac{1}{k_B T} (\langle UN \rangle - \langle U \rangle \langle N \rangle) = \frac{\text{Cov}(U, N)}{k_B T}$$ where $\text{Cov}(U, N)$ is the covariance of $U$ and $N$ in GCE. From Eqs. (14), (17) and (19), the partial molar internal energy $\tilde{U}$ at constant $V$ and $T$ in GCE is $$\tilde{U} = \frac{\text{Cov}(U, N)}{\text{Var}(N)}$$ \hspace{1cm} (20) Since $\mu$ is given as constant in GCE, the partial molar entropy $\tilde{S}$ at constant $V$ and $T$ is expressed as $$\tilde{S} = \frac{1}{T} \left[ \frac{\text{Cov}(U, N)}{\text{Var}(N)} - \mu \right]$$ \hspace{1cm} (21) ### 3. Application of Monte Carlo Method to Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation into LiMn$_2$O$_4$ #### 3.1. Relationship between electrode potential and lithium content The Monte Carlo methods based upon the lattice gas model have played an important role in our understanding of the thermodynamic properties of 2-dimensional adsorption and 3-dimensional intercalation of ions in the field of electrochemistry. Recently, the Monte Carlo methods have successfully applied to theoretically analyse the lithium intercalation into transition metal oxides involving the disorder to order phase transition in terms of the relationship between the electrode potential and lithium content [22, 23]. Among those transition metal oxides, let us apply the Monte Carlo method to investigate thermodynamics of the electrochemical lithium intercalation into the LiMn$_2$O$_4$ electrode in rechargeable lithium batteries. For the Monte Carlo simulation, we employed the two sub-lattice model of the LiMn$_2$O$_4$ electrode well-established in the previous works [22, 23, 27]. In consideration of the first- and second-nearest interactions between lithium ions in the LiMn$_2$O$_4$ electrode, Hamiltonian $H$ of the lattice is defined as [22, 23] $$H = J_1 \sum_i c_i c_j + J_2 \sum_{ik} c_i c_k - (\varepsilon + \mu) \sum_i c_i$$ \hspace{1cm} (22) where $J_1$ and $J_2$ are the effective pairwise interaction parameters for the first- and second-nearest neighbouring lithium ions, respectively; $\varepsilon$, the effective binding energy between lithium ion and manganese oxide matrix; $\mu$, the chemical potential of lithium ion; $c_i$, the local occupation number of the site $i$, and $c_i$ and $c_k$ represent the local occupation numbers of the first- and second-nearest neighbour sites, respectively; $c_i$, $c_j$ or $c_k$ is 1 if the site is occupied by lithium ion, and $c_i$, $c_j$ or $c_k$ is 0 otherwise. As a matter of fact, the interaction parameters $J_1$, $J_2$ and $\varepsilon$ can not simply represent the direct interactions between lithium ions and oxide matrix. In the previous works [22, 23, 27], for the sake of simplicity, the effective values of those parameters were generally determined by fitting the electrode potential curve theoretically calculated by the Monte Carlo simulation to that curve experimentally measured, under the assumption that those parameters are invariant with lithium content during the lithium intercalation. In those works, the values of the effective interaction parameters were similarly taken as $J_1 = 37.5$ meV (the repulsive interaction), $J_2 = -4.0$ meV (the attractive interaction) and $\varepsilon = 4.12$ eV which allowed us to successfully approximate the thermodynamic properties of Fig. 2. Electrode potential vs. lithium content curve (●) and the plots of $(1-\delta)_1$ (○) and $(1-\delta)_2$ (Δ) with respect to $(1-\delta)$, theoretically obtained by the Monte Carlo method at $T=298$ K. The average lithium content $(1-\delta)$ at the points (a), (b) and (c) are equal to 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8, respectively. the LiMn$_2$O$_4$ electrode.\textsuperscript{22,23,27)} Fig. 2 presents the electrode potential vs. lithium content curve and the plots of lithium content in one sub-lattice $(1-\delta)_1$ and lithium content in the other sub-lattice $(1-\delta)_2$ with respect to average lithium content $(1-\delta)$ in the lattice, theoretically obtained from Eq. (13) by the Monte Carlo method based upon the lattice gas model, noting that the electrode potential $E$ is written as $E=-ju/e$. The simulation was performed in GCE by using the Metropolis algorithm and the single spin-flip dynamics under the periodic boundary condition to minimise the finite size effect\textsuperscript{17}. In Fig. 2, as lithium content increased, the electrode potential curve showed a steep potential drop at $(1-\delta)=0.5$, which is typical of the ordering of lithium ions in the electrode. The electrode potential curve theoretically calculated was well consistent in value and shape with that electrode potential curve experimentally measured\textsuperscript{23,27}). The ordering of lithium ions can be envisaged by considering the difference between $(1-\delta)_1$ and $(1-\delta)_2$ in value at the same $(1-\delta)$ in Fig. 2 with the aid of the local cross-sectional snapshots of the equilibrium configurations of the cubic lattice in Figs. 3(a), (b) and (c). At the point (a) in Fig. 2, $(1-\delta)_1$ and $(1-\delta)_2$ were the same in value. From the equilibrium configuration of the lattice in Fig. 3(a), which was simulated at the lithium content corresponding to the point (a) in Fig. 2, it is readily seen that lithium ions are randomly distributed over the lattice. This indicates that the lithium intercalation proceeds in the presence of the disordered phase. At $(1-\delta)=0.5$, corresponding to the point (b) in Fig. 2, $(1-\delta)_1$ and $(1-\delta)_2$ deviated most strongly from $(1-\delta)$. As shown in Fig. 3(b), the highly ordered phase appears, \textit{i.e.} lithium ions mainly reside within one sub-lattice. It should be noted that most of lithium ions have purely the attractive second-nearest neighbours to avoid the repulsive interaction that increases the ensemble energy of the lattice. As the concentration of lithium ion increases further, the order to disorder transition occurs because the random site occupation of lithium ions with both the first- and second-nearest neighbours (Fig. 3(c)) Fig. 4. Plots of (a) the partial molar internal energy $\tilde{U}_{Li}$ and (b) entropy $\tilde{S}_{Li}$ of lithium ion at constant volume $V$ and temperature $T$ with respect to $(1-\delta)$, theoretically calculated by the Monte Carlo method ($\bigcirc$) at $T = 298$ K. The partial molar enthalpy and entropy experimentally determined at constant pressure $P$ and temperature $T$ from the measured temperature dependence of the electrode potential\textsuperscript{23} ($\bullet$) are also plotted in figures. The dashed lines represent the partial molar internal energy and entropy calculated for the ideal solution. reduces the ensemble energy of the lattice. ### 3.2. Partial molar thermodynamic quantities Figs. 4(a) and (b) demonstrate the plots of the partial molar internal energy $\tilde{U}_{Li}$ and entropy $\tilde{S}_{Li}$ with respect to lithium content $(1-\delta)$, calculated from Eqs. (20) and (21), respectively, by the Monte Carlo method. The partial molar quantities experimentally measured from the temperature dependence of the electrode potential\textsuperscript{23} are also presented in figures. The partial molar quantities theoretically calculated by the Monte Carlo method well coincided in value and shape with the results experimentally measured. All the partial molar quantities alike showed a negative deviation below $(1-\delta) = 0.5$ and a positive deviation above $(1-\delta) = 0.5$ from those values calculated for an ideal solution. Here, the ideal solution means that the lithium intercalation proceeds into the disordered phase in the whole range of $(1-\delta)$. Below $(1-\delta) = 0.5$ the negative deviation is due to the attractive interaction energy between lithium ions in the same sub-lattice, as equivalent to a non-ideal solution with the attractive interaction, whose mixing enthalpy deviates negatively from that mixing enthalpy of the ideal solution. By contrast, above $(1-\delta) = 0.5$ the positive deviation is caused by the repulsive interaction energy between lithium ions in the other sub-lattice, as equivalent to a non-ideal solution with the repulsive interaction. From the results theoretically calculated in the case of the LiMn$_2$O$_4$ electrode, one can easily expect that the Monte Carlo method based upon the lattice gas model is strongly applicable to theoretically investigate such thermodynamic properties as the electrode potential curve and the partial molar internal energy and entropy of the intercalation compounds. ### 4. Conclusions The present article first introduced the basic concepts of the canonical and grandcanonical ensembles, and the Ising and lattice gas models in statistical physics for the Monte Carlo simulation, and then applied the Monte Carlo method based upon the lattice gas model to analyse thermodynamics of the lithium intercalation in the filed of electrochemistry. From the comparison between the results theoretically calculated and experimentally measured on the LiMn$_2$O$_4$ electrode, it was found that the Monte Carlo method with appropriate algorithms is a reliable and powerful tool to analyse the intercalation of lithium ions interacting with each other from the thermodynamic view point. ### Acknowledgement This work was partly supported by the Brain Korea 21 project. ### References 1. K. Binder, “Introduction: Theory and Technical Aspects of Monte Carlo Simulations”, in Monte Carlo Methods in Statistical Physics, ed. by K. Binder, 1-45, Springer-Verlag, New York (1979). 2. D. P. Landau, “Monte Carlo Studies of Critical and Multicritical Phenomena”, in Applications of the Monte Carlo Method in Statistical Physics, ed. by K. Binder, 93-123, Springer-Verlag, New York (1984). 3. K. W. Gross and K. Binder, “Simulation of Diffusion in Lattice Gases and Related Kinetic Phenomena”, in Applications of the Monte Carlo Method in Statistical Physics, ed. by K. Binder, 181-221, Springer-Verlag, New York (1984). 4. K. Binder and D. W. Heermann, “Monte Carlo Simulation in Statistical Physics-An Introduction”, Springer-Verlag, New York (1997). 5. J. Nogués, J. L. Costa-Krämer and K. V. Rao, \textit{Physica A}. \textbf{250}, 327 (1998). 6. K. Binder and D. P. Landau, \textit{Surf. Sci.}, \textbf{61}, 577 (1976). 7. M. Schick, J. S. Walker and M. Wortis, Phy. Rev. B., 16, 2205 (1977). 8. K. Binder and D. P. Landau, Phys. Rev. B., 21, 1941 (1980). 9. H. Müller-Krumbhaar, “Monte Carlo Simulation of Crystal Growth”, in Monte Carlo Methods in Statistical Physics, ed. by K. Binder, 261-299, Springer-Verlag, New York (1979). 10. H. Goude and J. Tobocman, “An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods: Applications to Physical Systems (Part 2)”, Addison-Wesley Pub Co., New York (1988). 11. G. E. Murch, Philos. Mag. A, 43 871 (1981). 12. D. A. Reed and G. Ehrlich, Surf. Sci., 102, 588 (1981). 13. R. Gomer, Rep. Prog. Phys., 53, 917 (1990). 14. C. Uebing and R. Gomer, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 7626 (1991). 15. C. Uebing and R. Gomer, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 7636 (1991). 16. C. Uebing and R. Gomer, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 7641 (1991). 17. C. Uebing and R. Gomer, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 7648 (1991). 18. H. Sato and R. Kituchi, J. Chem. Phys., 55, 677 (1971). 19. G. E. Murch and R. J. Thorn, Philos. Mag., 36, 517 (1977). 20. R. Nassif, Y. Bougaheb, A. Hekkouri, J.F. Gouyet and M. Kolb, Eur. Phys. J. B., 1, 453 (1998). 21. M. T. M. Koper, Electrochim. Acta, 44, 1207 (1998). 22. R. Darling and S. Nesterov, J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, 3765 (1999). 23. S.-Y. Kim and S. Pyun, Electrochim. Acta, 46, 987 (2001). 24. M. Marderpolik, A.W. Rosenbluth, M. N. Rosenbluth, A. H. Teller and E. Teller, J. Chem. Phys., 21, 1087 (1953). 25. S. H. Lim, M. Hasebe, G. E. Murch and W. A. Oates, Philos. Mag. B, 62, 173 (1990). 26. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, “Statistical Physics”, Pergamon, Oxford (1980). 27. Y. Gao, J. N. Reimers and J. R. Dahn, Phys. Rev. B., 54, 3878 (1996).	<urn:uuid:279f67f9-200d-411e-8b7a-36522271e850>	CC-MAIN-2025-08	https://www.kecs.or.kr/func/download.php?path=L2hvbWUvdmlydHVhbC9rZWNzL2h0ZG9jcy91cGxvYWQvam91cm5hbC8wNTAyMDgucGRm&filename=MDUwMjA4LnBkZg==	2025-02-15T19:43:37+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2025-08/subset=warc/part-00007-b184e832-acd1-425a-bab7-895830f2748a.c000.gz.parquet	769,069,682	7,945	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.830362	eng_Latn	0.965206	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "dag_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 4475, 9607, 14670, 20548, 23288, 27534, 29293 ]
Dole Institute Weekly Update View this email in your browser The Waters of Chaos with Author & KU Professor, Jerry Dobson Wednesday, April 17 at 3:00 p.m. The Waters of Chaos is an unconventional science mystery novel tackling the greatest puzzle of them all: How did we get to be so smart? The stories invoke Egyptian mythology and universal flood myths to connect science and lore. Check out the evidence, and you'll find that almost all of it is true and convincing enough to challenge conventional wisdom. Mystery, adventure, action, romance, the secrets of the ages; The Waters of Chaos has them all. This event includes a book sale and signing. Gun Control: Freedom vs. Safety Wednesday, April 17 at 7:30 p.m. While the debate on gun control continues to be pushed to the forefront of American politics, the Dole Institute Student Advisory Board is offering an opportunity for the KU and Lawrence community to engage the issue through informative discussion with advocates from both sides. Join the Dole Institute Student Advisory Board for a discussion with Patricia Stoneking, President of the Kansas Rifle Association, and Allen Rostron, Constitutional Law Scholar and Professor at UMKC and Former Senior Staff Attorney at the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence. The Environment & Energy: The Role of Free Enterprise and the Government Tuesday, April 23 at 7:30 p.m. Click HERE for a pre-program video from Former Congressman Inglis! What's the proper role of the federal government in protecting the environment? Former Congressman Bob Inglis served on the House Science Committee and believes that free enterprise can address many environmental problems where others call for government action. Inglis is Executive Director of the Energy & Enterprise Initiative, an organization that advocates free-enterprise solutions for a long-term, stable energy policy to achieve energy security and avoid the unnecessary risks of a changing climate. 2013 Dole Lecture Thursday, May 2 at 7:30 p.m. TOMORROW!! Stay tuned for a special email regarding the 2013 Dole Lecture on May 2! 2013 Inspiring Women in Public Administration Conference Having It All / Making the Leap: Inspiration for Your Professional Journey Wednesday, April 17, KU Edwards Campus, BEST Conference Center Come together to exchange stories, ideas, and encouragement around both of these themes – having it all and making the leap – to find new ways to be "all in" for ourselves and our communities. Join us. Be inspired. The Dole Institute is a proud sponsor of this conference. Click HERE for more information. The Leader - Dole Institute Newsletter Curious about what you missed in the fall or what's coming up this spring? Check out the Dole Institute's newsletter! Inside you'll find a fall 2012 recap and a spring 2013 preview. Don't miss wonderful season wrap-ups and special sneak peeks at programs to come. Click here to read The Leader today! Want to catch a program you missed? You can view most of our past programs through our online video library. Our extensive video library is updated continually, and videos are often available the day after a program! Copyright © 2013 The Dole Institute of Politics, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in at our website or signed up to receive email alerts at a Dole Institute event. Our mailing address is: \|2350 Petefish Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045\| unsubscribe from this list update subscription preferences	<urn:uuid:1efca92f-76cc-4aa3-9f79-1d70a18c328b>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/14402/DoleInstitute_WeeklyEmai_2013_April_15.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	2023-05-29T05:02:31+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-23/subset=warc/part-00090-ffa3bf93-6ba1-4a27-adea-b0baae3b4389.c000.gz.parquet	406,117,267	725	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.994384	eng_Latn	0.995634	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 900, 2092, 3499 ]
CUMULUS MEDIA INC Form 8-K August 07, 2013 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 8-K CURRENT REPORT Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): August 7, 2013 (August 6, 2013) CUMULUS MEDIA INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 000-24525 (Commission File Number) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) 36-4159663 (IRS employer Identification No.) 1 Edgar Filing: CUMULUS MEDIA INC - Form 8-K 3280 Peachtree Road, N.W., Suite 2300, Atlanta GA 30305 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (404) 949-0700 n/a (Former name or former address, if changed since last report) Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions: ¨ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) ¨ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) ¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) ¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) Edgar Filing: CUMULUS MEDIA INC - Form 8-K Item 1.01—Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement. On August 6, 2013, Cumulus Media Inc. (the “Company”), Cumulus Media Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Holdings”), and certain affiliates of Canyon Capital LLC (collectively, “Canyon”) entered into an Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to create, issue and sell to Canyon, at a purchase price of $1,000 per share, shares of a newly-created series of preferred stock of the Company, the Series B preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (the “Series B Preferred”) and described in more detail below. The Company intends to use the proceeds from the sale of the shares of Series B Preferred to redeem all outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series A Preferred”) of the Company. The Company will issue and sell to Canyon a number of shares of Series B Preferred that will provide the Company with proceeds in an amount sufficient to pay the aggregate redemption price for the Series A Preferred in accordance with the terms thereof. The closing of the transactions contemplated by the Investment Agreement is subject to customary conditions, and is expected to occur not later than August 20, 2013 (the “Closing Date”). Assuming a Closing Date of August 20, 2013, the aggregate number of Series B Preferred shares sold would be approximately 77,241, with an aggregate purchase price therefor of $77.2 million. The Investment Agreement contains covenants, representations and warranties customary for stock purchase and sale transactions of this type, including those relating to the issuance of the securities contemplated thereby. The foregoing description of the Investment Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete Investment Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 1.1 hereto and incorporated herein by this reference. Item 3.03—Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders. On August 7, 2013, the Company issued a notice to the holders of its Series A Preferred that it intends to redeem all oustanding shares of Series A Preferred not later than the Closing Date. The terms, rights, obligations and preferences of the Series B Preferred will be set forth in a Certificate of Designations of Series B Preferred (the “Certificate of Designations”), the form of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 3.1 and is incorporated herein by this reference, and which will be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, and take effect, on the closing date of the sale of the Series B Preferred. Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, no other shares of Series B Preferred will be issuable in the future after the issuance of such shares in the transaction described above, except for such shares of Series B Preferred as may be issued as pay-in-kind dividends in lieu of any cash dividends in accordance with the terms thereof. The Series B Preferred will have dividend rights as described below, a liquidation value equal to $1,000 per share, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends, and will mature on March 24, 2020, at which time the Company will be required to redeem all Series B Preferred shares then outstanding for their liquidation value, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends. The Series B Preferred generally will not have voting rights, except with respect to any amendment to the Company’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation that would adversely affect the rights, privileges or preferences of the Series B Preferred or the creation of a class or series of shares senior to, or pari passu with, the Series B Preferred as to dividends, redemption or upon liquidation, and consent rights over certain other actions of the Company and its subsidiaries that could adversely affect the ability of the Company to fulfill its obligations under the Certificate of Designations. Holders of Series B Preferred will be entitled to receive mandatory and cumulative dividends in an amount per annum equal to the dividend rate (described below) multiplied by the $1,000 liquidation preference per share, calculated on the basis of a 360-day year, from the date of issuance, whether or not declared and whether or not the Company reports net income. Dividends on the Series B Preferred will accrue at a rate of 12% per annum until September 30, 2014, thereafter at a rate of 14% per annum until March 31, 2015, and thereafter at a rate of 17% per annum, in each case subject to increase as described below. Dividends will be payable in cash, except that, if on any dividend payment date the Company does not have cash on hand and availability under its financing agreements to pay dividends due in full in cash, the Company will be required to pay the portion of such dividend that it is unable to pay in cash through the issuance of additional shares of Series B Preferred. In such event, the applicable dividend rate will increase by 200 Edgar Filing: CUMULUS MEDIA INC - Form 8-K basis points until all accrued but unpaid dividends outstanding on the Series B Preferred are paid in cash and all shares of Series B Preferred previously issued in lieu of cash dividends are redeemed in full. If the Company does not redeem all outstanding shares of Series B Preferred on the maturity date therefor, the applicable dividend rate will increase by 300 basis points until all shares of Series B Preferred are redeemed. Payments of dividends on the Series B Preferred will be in preference and prior to any dividends payable on any class of the Company’s common stock and, in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of Series B Preferred will be entitled to the liquidation value thereof prior to, and in preference of, payment of any amounts to holders of any class of the Company’s common stock. The Certificate of Designations will provide that the Company may, at its option, redeem the Series B Preferred at any time for a redemption price equal to the liquidation value thereof, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends. Additionally, upon receipt by the Company of net cash proceeds from (i) the issuance by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of debt for borrowed money or (ii) the issuance by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of equity, the Company will be required to use of 100% of such net cash proceeds to redeem, for cash, to the fullest extent permitted by law and applicable financing agreements, shares of Series B Preferred at a redemption price equal to the liquidation value thereof, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends. The Certificate of Designations will also provide that in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Series B Preferred at the time will be entitled to receive liquidating distributions with respect to each share of Series B Preferred in an amount equal to the $1,000 per share liquidation amount plus any accrued but unpaid dividends, and dividend rights to the fullest extent permitted by law, before any distribution of assets is made to the holders of the Company’s common stock. The Certificate of Designations will provide that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred will have the right to cause the Company to exchange, at any time but subject to (i) such proposed exchange not creating or resulting in a default or event of default under any of the Company’s then-applicable financing agreements and (ii) certain other conditions, all then outstanding shares of Series B Preferred for an aggregate principal amount of subordinated unsecured notes of Holdings equal the aggregate liquidation preference for the shares of Series B Preferred so exchanged. Such subordinated unsecured notes would bear interest at the same rate, and be payable at the same time and in the same manner, as dividends on the Series B Preferred (except that any pay-in-kind interest would be payable through issuance of additional subordinated unsecured notes), would have the same mandatory and optional redemption terms as the Series B Preferred, and would a maturity date that is the same as the maturity date of the Series B Preferred. Such subordinated unsecured notes would also provide that Holdings would be subject to covenants and restrictions on its operations similar to those set forth in the Certificate of Designations. The issuance and sale of the Series B Preferred will be exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. Item 9.01—Financial Statements and Exhibits. (d) Exhibits. Number Exhibit 1.1 Investment Agreement, dated as of August 6, 2013, by and among Cumulus Media Inc, Cumulus Media Holdings Inc. and the purchasers signatory thereto 3.1 Form of Certificate of Designations Date: August 7, 2013 Edgar Filing: CUMULUS MEDIA INC - Form 8-K SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. CUMULUS MEDIA INC. By: /s/ J.P. Hannan Name: J.P. Hannan Title: Senior Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer - 4 - 5 Edgar Filing: CUMULUS MEDIA INC - Form 8-K EXHIBIT INDEX 3.1 Form of Certificate of Designations 6	<urn:uuid:981df15f-cf41-409b-9962-31b554ca28f9>	CC-MAIN-2024-22	https://business.malvern-online.com/malvern-online/action/getedgarpdf?accesscode=119312513322992	2024-05-28T18:07:28+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-22/subset=warc/part-00183-4dd72944-e9c0-41a1-9026-dfd2d0615bf2.c000.gz.parquet	123,812,707	2,384	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.612079	eng_Latn	0.970628	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "nld_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 521, 1375, 6457, 10432, 10835, 10939 ]
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING, COUNTY OF MAUI'S JOINDER IN PIILANI PROMENADE SOUTH, LLC AND PIILANI PROMENADE NORTH, LLC'S MEMORANDUM IN OPPOSITION TO INTERVENORS' MOTION TO CONCLUDE CONTESTED CASE AT THE EARLIEST PRACTICABLE TIME; CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE Department of Planning, County of Maui, by and through its attorneys, Patrick K. Wong, Corporation Counsel, and Michael J. Hopper, Deputy Corporation Counsel, hereby joins in Piilani Promenade South, LLC and Piilani Promenade North, LLC’s Memorandum in Opposition to Intervenors’ Motion to Conclude Contested Case at the Earliest Practicable Time filed on April 23, 2013. DATED: Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii, April 23, 2013. PATRICK K. WONG Corporation Counsel Attorney for Department of Planning, County of Maui By ____________________________ MICHAEL J. HOPPER Deputy Corporation Counsel BEFORE THE LAND USE COMMISSION STATE OF HAWAII In the Matter of the Petition of KAONOULU RANCH To Amend the Agricultural Land Use District Boundary into the Urban Land Use District for approximately 88 acres at Kaonoulu, Makawao-Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii; Tax Map Key Nos. 2-2-02: por. of 15 and 3-9-01:16 DOCKET NO. A-94-706 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true and correct copy of the foregoing document was duly served on April 23, 2013, upon the following parties, in the manner so indicated below: METHOD OF SERVICE MAIL HAND DELIVERY E-MAIL DANIEL ORODENKER, ESQ. Executive Director Land Use Commission P. O. Box 2359 Honolulu, HI 96804 E-mail: [email protected] TOM PIERCE, ESQ. P. O. Box 798 Makawao, Hawaii 96768 E-mail address: [email protected] Attorney for Movants Maui Tomorrow Foundation, Inc., South Maui Citizens For Responsible Growth, and Daniel Kanahele METHOD OF SERVICE MAIL HAND DELIVERY E-MAIL JONATHAN H. STEINER, ESQ. McCorriston Miller Mukai MacKinnon P. O. Box 2800 Honolulu, Hawaii 96803 E-mail address: [email protected] JOHN S. RAPACZ, ESQ. P. O. Box 2776 Wailuku, Hawaii 96793 E-mail address: [email protected] Attorneys for Pi'ilani Promenade North, LLC and Pi'ilani Promenade South, LLC and Honua'ula Partners, LLC JESSE K. SOUKI, ESQ. Director, Office of Planning State of Hawaii P. O. Box 2359 Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 E-mail: [email protected] BRYAN C. YEE, ESQ. Deputy Attorney General Department of the Attorney General 425 Queen Street Honolulu, HI 96813 E-mail: [email protected] Attorney for State Office of Planning DATED: Wailuku, Hawaii, April 23, 2013. PATRICK K. WONG Corporation Counsel Attorney for County of Maui Department of Planning By ____________________________ MICHAEL J. HOPPER Deputy Corporation Counsel	<urn:uuid:3f8044f8-2b6e-45df-90f2-32db305bff8f>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	https://luc.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/A94-706-COUNTY-JOINDER-IN-PET-MEMO-IN-OPP-TO-INTRVNR-MTN-TO-CONCLD-CASE.pdf	2023-04-01T04:14:46+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-14/subset=warc/part-00177-39c03058-7d78-443d-9984-102329513e3d.c000.gz.parquet	407,130,640	815	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.53144	eng_Latn	0.484495	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "swe_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 464, 835, 1781, 2495, 2702 ]
the section discussing awareness from residual paralysis in the ICU included a reference to an article on hypothermia in the ICU (that does not actually mention awareness at all). 3 That minor irregularity aside, the excellent text, tables, and figures make for an easy to understand description of all the important concepts in NMB monitoring. Lastly, both Brull and Kopman, as well as the accompanying editorial by Naguib and Johnson, 5 highlight the importance of moving forward the "state of the art" of NMB monitoring. Importantly, the editorial highlights the American Society of Anesthesiologists' significant gap in providing guidance on neuromuscular blockade monitoring, particularly when compared with other similar anesthesia societies. 6,7 Articles such as this one from Brull and Kopman will, we can hope, encourage the American Society of Anesthesiologists to take a more progressive stance on the subject and advocate for the use of NMB monitoring whenever neuromuscular blocking drugs are used. A second issue that was particularly interesting was in the discussion of posttetanic count (PTC) as it pertains to posttetanic facilitation. Although the important information the authors provided was accurate, it incompletely addressed an often-misunderstood PTC concept—that is, the time period following a tetanic stimulus that the neuromuscular junction is affected and that subsequent trainof-four (TOF) monitoring might be impaired. Indeed, Hakim et al. 4 recently dispelled the common misconception that PTC impairs the NMB for a protracted period of time, showing that TOF responses are reliable as early as one minute after a PTC. I think it is worthwhile bringing this to the readers' attention, particularly in a definitive and comprehensive article. Competing Interests The author declares no competing interests. Hilary P. Grocott, M.D., F.R.C.P.C., F.A.S.E., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. [email protected] References 1. Brull SJ, Kopman AF: Current status of neuromuscular reversal and monitoring: Challenges and opportunities. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2017; 126:173–90 2. Roy M, Morissette N, Girard M, Robillard N, Beaulieu P: Postoperative awake paralysis in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery due to residual neuromuscular blockade: A case report and prospective observational study. Can J Anaesth 2016; 63:725–30 3. Polderman KH, Herold I: Therapeutic hypothermia and controlled normothermia in the intensive care unit: Practical considerations, side effects, and cooling methods. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:1101–20 4. Hakim D, Drolet P, Donati F, Fortier LP: Performing posttetanic count during rocuronium blockade has limited impact on subsequent twitch height or train-of-four responses. Can J Anaesth 2016; 63:828–33 5. Naguib M, Johnson KB: Innovative disruption in the world of neuromuscular blockade: What is the "state of the art?" ANESTHESIOLOGY 2017; 126:12–5 6. Merchant R, Chartrand D, Dain S, Dobson G, Kurrek MM, Lagace A, Stacey S, Thiessen B, Chow L, Sullivan P: Guidelines to the practice of anesthesia—Revised edition 2016. Can J Anesth 2016; 63:86–112 7. Checketts MR, Alladi R, Ferguson K, Gemmell L, Handy JM, Klein AA, Love NJ, Misra U, Morris C, Nathanson MH, Rodney GE, Verma R, Pandit JJ; Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland: Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2015: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Anaesthesia 2016; 71:85–93 (Accepted for publication June 30, 2017.) In Reply: Our discussion of posttetanic count included a description of the "transient increase in the amount of acetylcholine released," and stated that, "the intensity of subsequent muscle contractions will be increased (potentiated) briefly (period of post-tetanic potentiation, which may last 2 to 5 min)." 1 The period of posttetanic potentiation is based on the results reported by Brull et al., 3 which are consistent with the subsequent reports by Hakim et al., 4 as Prof. Grocott correctly points out. These effects are short-lived (minutes) only during clinical situations of steady-state neuromuscular block, however (i.e., during continuous infusion of neuromuscular blocking agents). During recovery from bolus doses of neuromuscular blocking agents, tetanic stimulation shortens the time to 75% recovery of vecuronium from 7.4 ± 2.8 min to 5.0 ± 2.6 min, "such that the response of the tested site may no longer be representative of other muscle groups." 5 We wish to thank Prof. Hilary Grocott for his excellent letter and for the kind words regarding our review article 1 ; we are honored by his praise. In his letter, Prof. Grocott had several important comments to which we would like to respond. First, we attempted to remind the reader that the issue of unintended patient awareness during periods of neuromuscular paralysis may occur in various clinical settings, including the intensive care unit. Specifically, it has been reported that neuromuscular blocking agents may be employed to control shivering (and decrease oxygen consumption) during induction of therapeutic hypothermia, and such therapy "may mask insufficient sedation" that may result in unintended patient awareness and recall. 2 This was the basis for our inclusion of the reference. 1 Finally, we are in complete agreement with, and fully supportive of, Prof. Grocott's call for the American Society of Anesthesiologists to "take a more progressive stance on the subject and advocate for the use of monitoring whenever neuromuscular blocking drugs are used." Competing Interests Dr. Brull has had investigator-initiated funded research from Merck, Inc. (Kenilworth, New Jersey; funds assigned to Mayo Clinic); is a shareholder and member of the Board Anesthesiology 2017; 127:718-30 724 Correspondence Copyright © 2017, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. of Directors in Senzime AB (Uppsala, Sweden); serves as a member of the Board of Directors for Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (Rochester, Minnesota); is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for ClearLine MD (Woburn, Massachusetts) and The Doctors Company (Napa, California); and has a patent-licensing agreement with Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota). Dr. Kopman declares no competing interests. Sorin J. Brull, M.D., F.C.A.R.C.S.I.(Hon), Aaron F. Kopman, M.D. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida (S.J.B.). [email protected] References 1. Brull SJ, Kopman AF: Current status of neuromuscular reversal and monitoring: Challenges and opportunities. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2017; 126:173–90 2. Polderman KH, Herold I: Therapeutic hypothermia and controlled normothermia in the intensive care unit: Practical considerations, side effects, and cooling methods. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:1101–20 3. Brull SJ, Connelly NR, O'Connor TZ, Silverman DG: Effect of tetanus on subsequent neuromuscular monitoring in patients receiving vecuronium. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1991; 74:64–70 4. Hakim D, Drolet P, Donati F, Fortier LP: Performing posttetanic count during rocuronium blockade has limited impact on subsequent twitch height or train-of-four responses. Can J Anaesth 2016; 63:828–33 5. Brull SJ, Silverman DG: Tetanus-induced changes in apparent recovery after bolus doses of atracurium or vecuronium. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1992; 77:642–5 (Accepted for publication June 30, 2017.) Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure Targets: Can Databases Give Us a Universally Valid "Magic Number" or Does Physiology Still Apply for the Individual Patient? To the Editor: With great interest we read the article by Salmasi et al. 1 reporting the results of a database study investigating the relationship between acute postoperative kidney and myocardial injury and intraoperative hypotension (IOH) either defined as a reduction from baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) or absolute MAP thresholds. The authors, again, need to be commended for providing another piece of the puzzle on how to better define and understand IOH using their impressive database. In line with other data, 2 this study demonstrates a gradually increasing risk for both kidney and myocardial injury for longer exposure beneath certain MAP thresholds (both absolute or relative) and therefore adds to the evidence that IOH-associated organ failure is a function of hypotension and time. 3 Yet, the main new question this study aimed to answer was whether a definition of IOH should be based on absolute MAP thresholds or on a relative decline from baseline MAP. The authors' conclusion seems to make our Fig. 1. Individualized perfusion pressure targets. This figure illustrates that perfusion pressure depends on inflow pressure (mean arterial pressure) and outflow pressure. Mean arterial pressure, in turn, is a function of blood flow (cardiac output) and systemic vascular resistance. Individualized targets for perfusion pressure should consider individual "normal" blood pressure, chronic hypertension, and chronic and acute comorbidities. daily practice as anesthesiologists very easy: "a strategy aimed at maintaining MAP above 65 mmHg appears to be as good as one based on the percentage reduction from baseline." 1 The patient characteristics as well as the C-statistic suggest that this study included a highly heterogeneous group of patients with many potential confounding factors that might have influenced the association between MAP and IOH. If clinicians take the authors' conclusion about intraoperative blood pressure management based on a single, universally valid "magic number" (absolute MAP target of 65 mmHg) literally, this might put individual patients at marked risk of hypoperfusion and organ failure for several reasons related to cardiovascular physiology: This database study has many strengths and provides robust results based on sound statistical analyses accounting for many confounding clinical factors. In contrast to many previous studies that used preinduction MAP as "baseline value," the authors defined baseline MAP as "average of all MAP readings in the 6 months before surgery, excluding measurements during a hospital stay." 1 Given the fact that a very recent study 4 again emphasized that preinduction MAP is markedly higher than "normal" preoperative MAP, this chosen definition is very thoughtful. That said, we would like to take the position of the devil's advocate and question the authors' conclusions about the indiscriminate use of an absolute MAP threshold of 65 mmHg in all patients. First, perfusion pressure—not blood pressure—is our ultimate target during perioperative hemodynamic management. As perfusion pressure is "inflow pressure" (i.e., MAP) minus "outflow pressure" (fig. 1), no general MAP targets can be recommended but MAP must be adjusted considering the individual patient's outflow pressures (e.g., central venous pressure, intrathoracic pressure, intra-abdominal pressure). For instance, a patient with high intra-abdominal Anesthesiology 2017; 127:718-30 725 Correspondence Copyright © 2017, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.	<urn:uuid:a20d8377-22bb-4067-b350-7fe5b1f2368c>	CC-MAIN-2024-10	https://watermark.silverchair.com/20171000_0-00039.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA2YwggNiBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNTMIIDTwIBADCCA0gGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMqFk8yWWx-xO3vboLAgEQgIIDGW8jJlCX8vT7WLG-EeIyqOKdg12Mk9QExhOKpFcHizHUfXTF-OKLWrPDeLd3BDOQcJ-9sVFoOvLGp-cty3bky7haOfRPR07luOlKJw_AyrgakMOev2eRiZFQ9WYD7CAw1cJHY-1Jd2gef8Zzx39ZUuN35gCh0Mq_VoChfxeTvK10unDpbtfFrtyvo6wEFbYWF2P9t4c-jcbfz5rdb4XVicyR1qFl2Ejb7ssy1cTriB_MRwPY8oxsTQxUq0s10eXL3sp5HQfcxWY038G4HL7Jnk0nCVGL83FsVaWU3-UYUQKmnks6coQJblJAVNFj72GBc17LsTU3PhMm0L9bMV44qy7pEB74kYhQQPJ__TTztEjF6oz5-R92mWG8Xw1d_vVDMf7Rtksb1PxPc5JvYARga-L1KMBRCE7xleuxLBkx4lB9nHtEzn-7hXpy_36kEODPzTRT8mpFgInpLBcNEOi7ceG2ESyITpiabVJHVzWAYdbeq4SSVFWW0GLXUIu1AxQoODuXQvmpHCQNf0cBZEvOLx9vCOxUWtxKfkKQYEeF4eQFgnB447fhPUjYsiQ0vG7XShAe0eOLNkIzg2BXz2EfsqKTWJDg7wHImg0mkdtZJW9fkqUJgQOXqdbJFIq6xZS8WJyvI99am12fJden1oolyaVln0cAejpk6Poz9d9cd4Xz5Wh801XtetcuRYWxiUJFsVkRRDp-CkjKDXhDE22QSB1ww2RvlBdFW6kKwYbCS0mcoTF0WEXVjXv9CDLFKBVYWaXUENQwk99NnZWgTaeUrVs2eyb4VXi12G64nH3Gv5r9k-f919xTyAFyYbEcP1SIvMX5v_YXO6WZcmhv7PlGQi0A1mnjgREdajiv2FGeNKrHAE5-fT_J43ycXFVJBCqTqzYOkHC-B9abUIiz1n6l7vHQkrDA63d9R1dYPspCGB70MEOIqVCu0ytX77lHCrOMITDd1rO-25M6cE3pfPGHPGiBBeiGJytkaXRTKjqAskUnr2e7JJgw6IrU2Em8y7JPbVzQ2aDhs-PdQIPjMogl-oSlbd8ZmQyGpyk	2024-02-27T16:05:58+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-10/subset=warc/part-00120-d9675c6d-5c8d-45bb-9c98-c56e42022a4d.c000.gz.parquet	621,866,500	2,583	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.988688	eng_Latn	0.988755	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 5997, 11273 ]
Chelsea School District OUTDOOR Free Wifi Access for staff and students WIFI NETWORK CSDGuest NO PASSWORD Each of our buildings will have outdoor public access for wifi. See the ★ for the location on each map.	4f026b00-1060-4caa-a703-efb22db010c0	CC-MAIN-2021-04	https://campussuite-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/1558552/3ab3882e-5535-11e8-afbb-0a0f7059ce40/2163607/649eb4d4-ff5a-11ea-a21d-0a164db8b7cb/file/CSD%20Wifi%20Access.pdf	2021-01-15T15:51:19+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-04/subset=warc/part-00070-364a895c-5e5c-46bb-846e-75ec7de82b3b.c000.gz.parquet	295,299,152	48	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.993347	eng_Latn	0.993347	[ "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 212 ]
STEUBEN COUNTY HUMAN SERVICES, HEALTH & EDUCATION COMMITTEE Wednesday, March 1, 2017 9:00 a.m. Legislative Committee Conference Room Steuben County Office Building Bath, New York MEETING CANCELLED	<urn:uuid:b6c55397-cb78-475a-905b-70fcc1dc5fc3>	CC-MAIN-2017-22	http://steubencony.org/Files/agenda/minutes/mar_2017_hshe_minutes.pdf	2017-05-28T01:04:19Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463609404.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170528004908-20170528024908-00388.warc.gz	427,257,746	52	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.498801	eng_Latn	0.498801	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 202 ]
Threatened biota known or predicted from the locality, habitat association and suitable habitat present at the subject site Notes: Marine and littoral threatened species (particularly turtles, dugongs etc.) which are restricted to coastal environments were excluded from the threatened biota table. Wildlife Atlas records: only records from 1980 or later were considered. The date of the last record is included for any species which have not been recorded within the last 20 years. DPI online records viewer (DPI 2012a) revealed no records of threatened fish species within the Greater Taree LGA. \| Scientific \| Common Name \| TSC/FM \| EPBC \| Habitat Association \| Nature of Record \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Name \| \| Act \| Act \| \| \| \| EECs \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Scientific \| Common Name \| TSC/FM \| EPBC \| Habitat Association \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Name \| \| Act \| Act \| \| \| FLORA \| \| \| \| \| \| Scientific \| Common Name \| TSC/FM \| EPBC \| Habitat Association \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Name \| \| Act \| Act \| \| \| Scientific \| Common Name \| TSC/FM \| EPBC \| Habitat Association \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Name \| \| Act \| Act \| \| \| Scientific Name \| Common Name \| TSC/FM \| EPBC \| Habitat Association \| Nature of Record \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| Act \| Act \| \| \| \| FAUNA \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Birds \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Scientific Name \| Common Name \| TSC/FM \| EPBC \| Habitat Association \| Nature of Record \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| Act \| Act \| \| \| \| Scientific Name \| Common Name \| TSC/FM \| EPBC \| Habitat Association \| Nature of Record \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| Act \| Act \| \| \| \| Scientific Name \| Common Name \| TSC/FM \| EPBC \| Habitat Association \| Nature of Record \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| Act \| Act \| \| \| All information in this table is taken from NSW OEH and Commonwealth DSEWPaC Threatened Species profiles (DEC 2005, DSEWPaC 2012b) unless otherwise stated. The codes used in this table are: CE – Critically Endangered; E – Endangered; V – Vulnerable; EP – Endangered Population; CEEC – Critically Endangered Ecological Community; EEC – Endangered Ecological Community. References: Backhouse, G., Jackson, J. and O'Connor, J. (2008). National Recovery Plan for the Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne. Campbell, S. (2011). Ecological specialisation and conservation of Australia's large-footed myotis: a review of trawling bat behaviour. In 'The Biology and Conservation of Australasian Bats' (eds B. Law, P. Eby, D. Lunney and L. Lumsden). Royal Zoological Society of NSW, pp. 72-85 Churchill, S. (2008).Australian Bats. Second Edition. Allen & Unwin, Australia. Eby, P. and Law, B. (2008). Ranking the feeding habitats of Grey-headed flying foxes for conservation management: a report for The Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW) & The Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Available from http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/threatenedspecies/GHFFmainreport.pdf. Accessed 07 July 2010. DSEWPAC (2011) Commonwealth Listing Advice on Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia (Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC), 2011ba) [Listing Advice].Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicshowcommunity.pl?id=101 DSEWPAC (2012) Commonwealth Listing Advice on Epinephelus daemelii (Black Rock-cod) (Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC), 2012m) [Listing Advice]. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=68449 Higgins, P.J. (Ed) (1999), Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, vol. 4, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Higgins, P.J. (Ed) (1999), Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, vol. 4, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Hoye, G.A. and Richards, G.C. (2008). Greater Broad-nosed Bat Scoteanax rueppellii. In S. Van Dyke and R. Strahan (eds), 'The Mammals of Australia' 3rd edition. Reed New Holland, Chatswood. Hoye, G.A. and Schulz, M. (2008). Large-eared Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri. In S. Van Dyke and R. Strahan (eds), 'The Mammals of Australia' 3rd edition. Reed New Holland, Chatswood. Johnston, P.G. (2008) Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus. In S. Van Dyke and R. Strahan (eds), 'The Mammals of Australia' 3rd edition. Reed New Holland, Chatswood. Kavanagh, R.P. (2004). Distribution and conservation status of possums and gliders in New South Wales. In R.L. Goldingay and S.M. Jackson (eds), 'The Biology of Australian Possums and Gliders', Surrey Beattyand Sons Pty Ltd, Australia. Law, B.S., Herr, A. and Phillips, W. (2008). Eastern False Pipistrelle Falsistrellus tasmaniensis. In S. Van Dyke and R. Strahan (eds), 'The Mammals of Australia' 3rd edition. Reed New Holland, Chatswood. Lock, M.L. and Wilson, B.A. (1999). The distribution of the New Holland mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) with respect to vegetation near Anglesea, Victoria. Wildlife Research 26 (4) 565-577 Mahony, M., Knowles, R. and Pattinson, L. (1997). Stuttering Barred Frog. In H. Ehmann (ed) 'Threatened Frogs of New South Wales: Habitats, Status and Conservation' pp.65-71. Frog and Tadpole Study Group of NSW. Quin, D.G., Smith, A.P. and Green, S.W. (2004). Habitat preferences of squirrel gliders Petaurus norfolcensis and sugar gliders Petaurus breviceps in sympatry. In R.L. Goldingay and S.M. Jackson (eds), 'The Biology of Australian Possums and Gliders', Surrey Beattyand Sons Pty Ltd, Australia. Sass, S. (2008). Increasing ecological knowledge and community awareness of the threatened Rosenberg's goanna in the Shoalhaven. A report funded through the Natural Heritage Trust administered by the Southern Rivers Catchment Management Authority and with support from Shoalhaven City Council. nghenvironmental, Bega NSW. Tulloch, A.I. and Dickman, C.R. (2006). Floristic and structural components of habitat use by the eastern pygmy-possum (Cercartetus nanus) in burnt and unburnt habitats. Wildlife Research 33: 627-637 van der Ree, R. and Suckling, G.C. (2004). Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis. In S. Van Dyke and R. Strahan (eds), 'The Mammals of Australia' 3rd edition. Reed New Holland, Chatswood. Ward, S.J. and Turner,V. (2008). Eastern Pygmy Possum Cercartetus nanus. In S. Van Dyke and R. Strahan (eds), 'The Mammals of Australia' 3rd edition. Reed New Holland, Chatswood. White, A.W. (2008a). The Distribution and Conservation Status of Barred Frogs in the Sydney Basin. Part 1. Giant Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus. Herpetofauna 38(1) 24-34. White, A.W. (2008b). The Distribution and Conservation Status of Barred Frogs in the Sydney Basin. Part 2. Stuttering Frog Mixophyes balbus. Herpetofauna 38(2) 84-95. Wilson, B.A. and Bradtke, E. (1999). The diet of the New Holland mouse, Pseudomys novaehollandiae (Waterhouse) in Victoria. Wildlife Research 26(4) 439-451	<urn:uuid:4fe3fa89-fb1b-4d46-b1d8-8a418a097f4d>	CC-MAIN-2014-35	http://environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/epbc/epbc_ap.pl?name=show_document;document_id=55010;proposal_id=7051	2014-09-02T22:14:16Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535922871.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014522-00409-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz	193,106,255	2,084	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.693437	eng_Latn	0.697256	[ "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 769, 908, 1025, 1142, 1336, 1480, 1624, 2137, 4828, 6918 ]
Gain corporate visibility as a sponsor of the Solar Power 2006 Internet Television Webcast Sponsors will have their company, executives, and products featured in the live webcast. Company-specific video content will also be available for use on your website after the show, as well as archived online with all Solar Power 2006 video content for 12 months. EQ TV (www.EQ.TV) and its partner TV Worldwide (www.tvworldwide) are providing live and archived coverage of Solar Power 2006. For sample content from another show, visit http://www.golfcenter.tv/event/default.cfm. Each sponsorship package is negotiated individually, so sponsorships can be customized to suit your needs. Companies sponsoring the overall conference will receive the following discounts off the sponsorship prices listed on page 2: 1 Solar Power 2006 Internet Television Webcast Sponsorship Benefits \| Benefits of Sponsorship \| Main Webcast Sponsor $5,000 \| Supporting Webcast Sponsor $2,500 \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Your company’s logo will be featured on the website that houses the archived webcast content, which will remain free for visitors to access for one year following the end of the event. All logos will be cycled in order to maximize the logo’s size and visibility. \| Four Slots Available Cycled every Minute \| Six Slots Available Cycled every five minutes \| \| Your company’s website will be accessible via links on the website for the Solar Power 2006 Internet television webcast. \| Yes \| Yes \| \| Your company will be recognized by the webcast’s on-air host. \| Announced at the beginning of each segment of the live webcast. \| Announced twice every hour \| \| Your senior executives and business development staff will be entitled to exclusive interviews, of up to ten minutes in duration. In addition, you may be entitled to additional interviews, of up to five minutes in duration each, that will highlight your product or service. All of these interviews will be featured on the live event webcast and archived on the website for the Solar Power 2006 Internet television webcast. \| 2 exclusive interviews, up to ten minutes in duration each; four additional interviews, up to five minutes in duration each. \| 1 exclusive interview, up to ten minutes in duration; 2 additional interviews, up to five minutes in duration each. \| \| You will receive broadcast-quality digital videotape or DVD containing your employees’ interviews. These videos can be used for promotional videos, broadcast commercials, or other corporate communications. \| Five broadcast- quality digital videotape or DVDs. \| Three broadcast- quality digital videotape or DVDs. \| \| Your company and its presence at Solar Power 2006 will be featured in press releases distributed by TV Worldwide to over 2,500 media outlets in the U.S. and abroad. \| Yes \| -- \| Solar Power 2006 Internet Television Webcast Sponsorship Agreement PLEASE SELECT YOUR LEVEL OF WEBCAST SPONSORSHIP. PLEASE SIGN AND FAX THIS PAGE TO 703-961-9255. _______ Main Webcast Sponsor ($5,000) _______ Supporting Webcast Sponsor ($2,500) _______ Patron Webcast Sponsor ($1500) ________________________________ Sponsoring Company ________________________________ Name and Title ________________________________ Signature and Date ________________________________ Email address ___________________________________________________________________ Credit Card Number and Expiration Date Accepted by TV Worldwide, Inc. ________________________________ ____________________ FRANK LEITER, COO Date	<urn:uuid:af3b7bb9-483d-4192-8a12-e414756556f6>	CC-MAIN-2018-05	http://tvworldwide.com/events/eqtv/061016/sponsor.pdf	2018-01-17T20:10:36Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886964.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117193009-20180117213009-00622.warc.gz	344,699,771	726	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.697224	eng_Latn	0.989856	[ "eng_Latn", "deu_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 812, 2813, 3534 ]
An Analysis of Consumer's Disposable Money Income and Saving Deposit in the Soviet Union Wolodymyr Klachko* The way of life in the Soviet Union is undergoing drastic changes. These changes have been introduced by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev under the names of "glasnost" and "perestroyka," that allow greater freedom of speech and of private enterprise. This is a departure from the old system that relied upon the central economic planning with emphasis on production for heavy industry and the military buildup. This system did experience rapid economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s. The continued emphasis on heavy industry and central planning have resulted in neglect of consumer goods. Workers receiving money incomes were left with very little to buy. This, in turn, gave little incentive for workers to produce. Eventually the rate of economic growth declined during the late 1970s and 1980s. Prices on consumer goods and services are fixed by the planners. In order to balance the supply and demand for scarce consumer goods, the planners impose heavy pressure on the population to deposit their unspent rubles in the savings banks. Based on this pressure, savings deposits and the number of depositors grew rapidly and by 1985 its total reached 221 billion rubles with 171 million depositors. Such a large inflow of deposits to the savings banks aroused a debate among Soviet economists on the role of the deposits in the Soviet economy. These economists are concerned about the inflationary impact that these deposits might have when fixed prices on consumer goods would be removed by the government. The goal of economic reforms is to create incentives to produce more consumer goods and in the same way, to raise the standard of living in the Soviet Union. Due to the lack of entrepreneurial spirit in the Soviet Union, it might take a long time to achieve the success of the economic reform. * Professor of Economics and Finance, Fairleigh Dickinson University. I. Introduction The Soviet economy is a socialist economy in the sense that nearly all of the means of production and inventories are vested in the state and to a smaller extent in cooperative bodies. Most recently much has been reported by the United States media on the Soviet Union's policies of "glasnost" and "perestroyka" which have been just introduced by the Soviet Union. These policies are welcomed by the Western diplomats as a positive step toward East-West relationship, though Western diplomats would like to see more of "glasnost" (meaning expression of thoughts without fear of prosecution) put into practice, while the Soviet government is more concerned about "perestroyka" (meaning economic restructuring). Soviet newspapers, during the fall of 1987, devoted a great deal of coverage to "perestroyka." In "perestroyka," plant managers ought to obtain greater authority in hiring employees, establishing their wages and salaries, setting the production schedules, and establishing prices for their products. Prior to "perestroyka," such decisions for the plant were made by the State Planning Administration in Moscow. "Perestroyka" also permits small private business enterprises, like restaurants and repair shops, but they have to be operated by the proprietors since no hired labor is allowed. Another form of private business that will be allowed is cooperative ownership. Since the Soviet Union has already surpassed the United States in the production of steel, coal, machine tools, oil and tanks, one might wonder why the Soviet need economic reforms. The answer to that must be that the current economic system lacks adequate production for the consumer sector of the economy. Steel, machine tools, and tanks, useful as they may be, cannot be eaten or worn by the Soviet citizens. Thus the main objective of "perestroyka" is to improve the standard of living of the Soviet citizens. An attempt of this paper is to present some facts and figures about the economic status of the Soviet citizens. II. Disposable Money Income In the Soviet economy, personal income accrues chiefly in money forms. Table 1, Consumer's Disposable Money Income, presents the sources of personal income for the years from 1950 through 1985. During the same period, the average annual rate of growth of per capita disposable income was about five percent. In recent years this rate of --- 1 See Commodity Year Book (1987), pp. 49, 190 and 258. growth of per capita disposable personal income has declined. Taking into consideration the last ten years, 1975-1985, this rate declined to three percent. Although there was a respectable rate of growth in per capita disposable money income during the entire period, this income was still far below those in Western Europe, Japan, and the United States as of 1985. Consumers are free to dispose of their money income as they see fit. The greater part of it they spend on consumption. Consumer goods and services are generally distributed through the exercise of effective choice by consumers in the corresponding market (although the choice is limited due to limited quantity and quality of goods). With the money income left over after tax payments and consumer goods and service purchases, consumers have two choices: to hoard money or to deposit money in savings banks. Since individuals in the Soviet Union are not permitted to own productive property or inventories, personal savings are used for the purchases of a home or durable goods. Table 2, Family Budget of Workers and Clerical Personnel, presents the structure of income and expenditures of the families of workers and clerical personnel and Table 3, Family Budget of Collective Farmers, presents the structure of income and expenditures of families living and working on collective farms. About 97 percent of the income of the non-farm population is received from wages, salaries, and pensions. The remaining three percent comes from outside jobs and from private gardening. About 25 percent of income of collective farm families comes from cultivation of small plots of land that the government allows the farmers for private use. Other sources of income are 45 percent from collective farms and 19 percent from pensions. Thus, collective farmers must rely heavily on income from the products they cultivate on the small plots of land. On the expenditure side, the largest percentage is spent on food; 30 percent for urban population and 35 percent for farm population (taking into consideration the limited choices of food available and government subsides to food prices, this percentage is high). The second largest expenditure is for clothes and footwear; about 16 percent of the budget. Here again, Soviet citizens have limited choices. Numerous reports from American travellers to the Soviet Union indicate that the American blue jeans are selling for 200 Soviet rubles on the black market, which is equivalent to one month wages of a Soviet worker. It is interesting to note that over a fifteen year period, Soviet families, both urban and rural, allocate the same percentages of their income on clothes and footwear. In comparison, an American family, on the average, spends about 23 percent on housing, 20 percent on food, 6 percent on clothing, and 8 \| Year \| State Enterprises (in Million) \| Average Cooperative Annual Employee Wage \| Pension & Other Money \| Government Income of Total Transfer Collective \| Personal Money Income \| Farms Payments \| Compulsory Taxes \| DPI Per Capita Income (in Rubles) \| \|------\|-------------------------------\|----------------------------------------\|-----------------------\|-----------------------------------------------\|----------------------\|----------------\|------------------\|---------------------\| \| 1950 \| 40.4 \| 774 \| 32.55 \| 8.07 \| 43.15 \| 3.6 \| 2.14 \| 37.41 \| \| 1955 \| 50.2 \| 866 \| 43.47 \| 3.78 \| 12.75 \| 60.00 \| 4.8 \| 53.37 \| \| 1960 \| 62.0 \| 972 \| 60.26 \| 8.28 \| 16.34 \| 84.88 \| 5.6 \| 79.28 \| \| 1965 \| 76.9 \| 1,158 \| 89.05 \| 15.00 \| 21.52 \| 125.75 \| 7.7 \| 118.05 \| \| 1970 \| 90.2 \| 1,464 \| 132.05 \| 23.6 \| 30.03 \| 185.69 \| 12.7 \| 176.04 \| \| 1975 \| 102.2 \| 1,742 \| 178.02 \| 34.6 \| 38.05 \| 250.68 \| 14.52 \| 236.16 \| \| 1976 \| 104.2 \| 1,817 \| 189.33 \| 36.7 \| 38.65 \| 264.68 \| 15.65 \| 249.03 \| \| 1977 \| 106.4 \| 1,862 \| 198.12 \| 38.2 \| 40.88 \| 277.20 \| 16.38 \| 260.82 \| \| 1978 \| 108.6 \| 1,919 \| 208.40 \| 40.3 \| 42.10 \| 290.80 \| 17.22 \| 273.58 \| \| 1979 \| 110.6 \| 1,960 \| 216.73 \| 42.3 \| 40.72 \| 299.80 \| 17.88 \| 261.92 \| \| Year \| State Enterprises & Cooperatives (in Million) \| Average Employee Wage (in Rubles) \| Annual Payroll (in Rubles) \| Pension & Other Government Income of Total Transfer Payments \| Collective Farms \| Personal Money Income \| Compulsory Government Bonds Subscription \| DPI Per Capita Income (in Rubles) \| \|------\|---------------------------------------------\|----------------------------------\|---------------------------\|-------------------------------------------------------------\|-----------------\|-----------------------\|----------------------------------------\|-----------------------------------\| \| 1980 \| 112.5 \| 2,027 \| 228,04 \| 45.6 \| 38.79 \| 312.43 \| 19.14 \| 293.29 \| 1,107 \| \| 1981 \| 114.0 \| 2,070 \| 235,98 \| 48.3 \| 40.59 \| 324.77 \| 19.77 \| 305.10 \| 1,143 \| \| 1982 \| 115.2 \| 2,128 \| 245.15 \| 51.3 \| 43.42 \| 339.87 \| 20.59 \| 319.28 \| 1,187 \| \| 1983 \| 116.1 \| 2,166 \| 251.47 \| 54.9 \| 48.66 \| 355.03 \| 21.14 \| 333.89 \| 1,232 \| \| 1984 \| 116.8 \| 2,218 \| 259.06 \| 58.1 \| 50.17 \| 367.33 \| 22.04 \| 345.29 \| 1,260 \| \| 1985 \| 117.8 \| 2,281 \| 268.70 \| 61.1 \| 51.67 \| 381.47 \| 23.13 \| 358.34 \| 1,298 \| * During the period between 1948 and 1953 MTS employees were not included in the labor force statistics, therefore, adjustment for these employees is made in total payroll. ** Discontinued beginning in 1958. Source: Abram Bergson, The Real National Income of Soviet Russia since 1928, Cambridge, Mass., 1961, 265. National Economy of the U.S.S.R., 1958, cit., 650. National Economy of the U.S.S.R., 1961, cit., 765. Figaiov, S.P., Real Wages and the Rating of the Material Well-Being of Working Persons in the U.S.S.R., Gafnizdat, Moscow, 1962, 19. National Economy of the U.S.S.R., 1964, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1982, 1985. Table 2 FAMILY BUDGET OF WORKERS AND CLERICAL PERSONNEL IN THE SOVIET UNION (in Percent) \| YEARS \| 1970 \| 1975 \| 1980 \| 1985 \| \|------------------------------\|------\|------\|------\|------\| \| TOTAL INCOME \| 100 \| 100 \| 100 \| 100 \| \| Sources of income: \| \| \| \| \| \| Wages and salaries \| 74.4 \| 74.3 \| 74.2 \| 72.4 \| \| Pensions and other transfer payments \| 22.1 \| 22.5 \| 23.3 \| 25.0 \| \| From personal enterprises \| 1.3 \| 0.9 \| 0.7 \| 0.6 \| \| From other sources \| 2.2 \| 2.3 \| 1.8 \| 2.0 \| \| TOTAL EXPENDITURES \| 100 \| 100 \| 100 \| 100 \| \| Food \| 35.7 \| 32.9 \| 31.7 \| 29.4 \| \| Clothes and footwear \| 15.5 \| 15.4 \| 16.1 \| 15.5 \| \| Durable goods (including home furnishings, automobiles, bicycles, motorcycles) \| 5.8 \| 6.5 \| 7.2 \| 7.6 \| \| Fuel \| 0.4 \| 0.3 \| 0.4 \| 0.5 \| \| Construction materials \| 0.3 \| 0.2 \| 0.1 \| 0.1 \| \| Health and cultural services \| 23.5 \| 23.1 \| 23.5 \| 24.4 \| \| Education and medical care paid from public funds \| (13.9) \| (13.8) \| (14.1) \| (15.2) \| \| Housing paid from public funds \| (2.7) \| (2.7) \| (2.7) \| (2.7) \| \| Savings (includes deposits in the savings banks, addition to poultry, cattle, and other personal products) \| 4.1 \| 6.3 \| 5.9 \| 7.8 \| \| Taxes and other payments \| 7.9 \| 8.5 \| 8.7 \| 8.9 \| \| Other expenditures \| 6.8 \| 6.8 \| 6.4 \| 5.8 \| Source: Narodnoye Khozyaystwo USSR 1985, pp. 418-419. Table 3 FAMILY BUDGET OF COLLECTIVE FARMERS (in Percent) \| YEARS \| 1970 \| 1975 \| 1980 \| 1985 \| \|------------------------\|------\|------\|------\|------\| \| TOTAL INCOME \| 100 \| 100 \| 100 \| 100 \| \| Sources of income: \| \| \| \| \| \| Collective farms: \| 40 \| 43.7 \| 43.9 \| 46.3 \| \| Wages of members of the family \| 8.4 \| 8.1 \| 9.6 \| 9.2 \| \| Pensions and other transfer payments \| 17.9 \| 21.4 \| 19.5 \| 19.1 \| \| Personal enterprises \| 31.9 \| 25.4 \| 25.3 \| 24.1 \| \| Other sources \| 1.8 \| 1.4 \| 1.7 \| 1.3 \| \| TOTAL EXPENDITURES \| 100 \| 100 \| 100 \| 100 \| \| Food \| 40.4 \| 37.1 \| 35.9 \| 33.4 \| \| Clothes and footwear \| 15.7 \| 15.7 \| 16.5 \| 15.8 \| \| Durable goods (including home furnishings, automobiles, bicycles, motorcycles) \| 4.9 \| 5.9 \| 6.7 \| 7.0 \| \| Fuel \| 1.8 \| 1.6 \| 1.5 \| 1.3 \| \| Construction materials \| 2.8 \| 2.7 \| 1.9 \| 2.0 \| \| Health and cultural services \| 15.0 \| 16.8 \| 15.0 \| 14.8 \| \| Education and medical care paid from public funds \| (10.8) \| (12.3) \| (10.5) \| (10.2) \| \| Savings (includes deposits in the savings banks) \| 6.4 \| 6.0 \| 7.3 \| 10.3 \| \| Taxes and other payments \| 1.3 \| 1.2 \| 1.5 \| 1.6 \| \| Other expenditures \| 11.7 \| 13.0 \| 13.7 \| 13.8 \| Source: Narodnoye Khozyaystwo USSR 1985, pp. 418-419. percent on transportation. Soviet statisticians do not supply separate data on housing expenditures by the Soviet families. Most of the collective farmers live in their own huts, while most of the city families live in government owned housing. Houses in the rural areas are small and most of them without plumbing. Living quarters in the government owned housing are meager; therefore, Soviet families must be spending a smaller portion of their income on housing than American families do.$^2$ Soviet families' spending on durable goods, such as home furnishing, bicycles, motorcycles, and automobiles, are about 7 percent compared to 8 percent that American families spend on transportation. But most American families own one or more cars. In the Soviet Union only a few selected families enjoy ownership of the car. Not many passenger cars are produced in the Soviet Union. Those who can afford to buy a new car have to wait several years for delivery. The average price of a Soviet automobile is about 3,200 rubles which is about four years of an average worker's wages. Soviet statisticians include as a part of the budget expenditures on education, medical care and housing subsidies which account for 15 percent of the budget. These expenditures are not directly out of pockets of the families because these services are supplied by the government, and for this reason, actual percentages allocated to food and others are understated. III. Personal Savings and the Savings Banks The most interesting part of the family budget is savings. Savings include deposits in the savings banks, additions to poultry, cattle, and other personal products. Since individuals in the Soviet Union are not permitted to own productive property or inventories, the motivation for personal savings is probably not as strong as it is in the nations with free economic systems. Personal savings might be used for the purchase of a house, durable goods, or for "a rainy day." Soviet writers on savings claim that Soviet citizens do not need to save for "a rainy day" because the Soviet constitution insures its citizens the right to work, education and income in old age. Despite this claim, "rainy days" do exist in the Soviet Union. Old age pensions are too low to live comfortably at an old age. Besides, the incomes of the majority of the population are too low to afford to save a sizable amount for "rainy days." Nevertheless, personal savings play an important role for government economic planners. By 1985 there were about 79,000 savings banks, employing hundreds and thousands of workers. Soviet savings banks offer several types of deposits to their clients. These deposits are: call deposits, time deposits, conditional deposits, lot- $^2$ Author's observations while visiting the Soviet Union. tery deposits, and deposits on current account. The most popular, the call deposit, permits the depositor to make a deposit or withdrawal at any time. The call deposit earns 2 percent interest per year. Less popular is the time deposit, whose minimum term is 6 months. It earns 3 percent interest per year. The conditional deposit is characterized by a written agreement between the depositor and the savings bank as to the conditions of deposit withdrawal. The characteristic of the lottery deposit is that the interest on this deposit is paid in the form of lottery prizes. On current account deposits, the depositor receives a book with blank checks instead of a savings bank passbook. When the depositor wants to withdraw his deposit, he writes a check and presents it to the bank. He can also pay his bills or make purchases by check. Since current accounts represent only 3 percent of total deposits, clearly, checking accounts are not an important means of payments. Most of the payments are done with currency. There is no data available on the amount of currency in circulation in the Soviet Union. There is no current data available on the break-down of the savings account, but it was reported in 1957 only 12 percent of all accounts in savings banks were kept in time deposit accounts with sizable balances, while the remaining 88 percent of accounts were kept in current deposit accounts, with very small balances per average deposit.$^3$ Since there has been no change in the financial structure of the Soviet Union, we can assume that the distribution of savings deposit accounts would most likely remain in the same. Table 4, Savings Banks and Savings Deposits in the U.S.S.R., presents the number of savings banks, the number of depositors, savings deposits, and average deposits from 1950 through 1985. Table 4 indicates a rapid increase in savings deposits and the number of depositors since 1968. Total savings deposits increased from 32 billion rubles in 1968 to 221 billion rubls in 1985, an increase of 591 percent, and the number of depositors increased from 68 million in 1968 to 171 million in 1985, an increase of 151 percent. Such an increase in savings deposits can be induced only by the dramatic increase in disposable income or a sharp increase in interest rates on savings deposit by the savings banks or a combination of both. Neither of these actually happened. There was no increase in interest rates on savings deposits, and disposable personal income did not grow at a dramatic rate. During the decade of the 1960's, disposable personal income in current rubles increased by 79 percent, during the 1970's, it increased 46 percent, and from 1980 through 1985, it increased by 15 percent. During the first half of 1980, the savings rate was about 4.5 percent of disposable personal income. For the American standard, $^3$ See Eremena (1958). \| Year \| Number of Banks (in Thousands) \| Number of Depositors (in Millions) \| Savings Deposits (in Million Rubles) \| Average Deposit (in Rubles) \| \|------\|-------------------------------\|------------------------------------\|-------------------------------------\|-----------------------------\| \| \| Urban Area \| Rural Area \| Total Area \| Urban Area \| Rural Area \| Total Area \| Urban Area \| Rural Area \| Total Area \| Urban Area \| Rural Area \| \| 1950 \| 40.3 \| 11.2 \| 29.0 \| 14.3 \| 10.5 \| 3.9 \| 1,853 \| 1,600 \| .207 \| 1.52 \| 53 \| \| 1955 \| 47.7 \| 14.2 \| 33.5 \| 32.8 \| 24.2 \| 8.6 \| 5,366 \| 4,429 \| .903 \| 1.63 \| 183 \| \| 1960 \| 66.5 \| 19.5 \| 47.0 \| 52.2 \| 38.3 \| 13.9 \| 10,909 \| 8,728 \| 2.181 \| 209 \| 228 \| \| 1965 \| 73.1 \| 22.3 \| 51.3 \| 57.4 \| 42.2 \| 15.2 \| 18,727 \| 14,028 \| 4.699 \| 325 \| 332 \| \| 1970 \| 78.3 \| 23.5 \| 54.8 \| 80.1 \| 58.9 \| 21.2 \| 46,600 \| 34,053 \| 12,547 \| 581 \| 578 \| \| 1975 \| 79.9 \| 24.1 \| 55.8 \| 106.6 \| 78.9 \| 27.7 \| 91.0 \| 66.1 \| 24.9 \| 858 \| 837 \| \| 1976 \| 80.1 \| 24.3 \| 55.8 \| 113.1 \| 84.0 \| 29.1 \| 75.1 \| 75.1 \| 27.9 \| 911 \| 895 \| \| 1977 \| 80.4 \| 24.6 \| 55.8 \| 120.0 \| 89.3 \| 30.7 \| 116.7 \| 85.3 \| 31.4 \| 972 \| 954 \| \| 1978 \| 80.6 \| 24.9 \| 55.7 \| 127.4 \| 95.1 \| 32.3 \| 131.1 \| 96.0 \| 35.1 \| 1,029 \| 1,009 \| \| 1979 \| 80.5 \| 25.0 \| 55.5 \| 135.5 \| 101.4 \| 34.1 \| 146.2 \| 106.9 \| 39.3 \| 1,080 \| 1,055 \| \| 1980 \| 79.9 \| 24.7 \| 55.2 \| 142.1 \| 106.6 \| 35.5 \| 156.5 \| 114.4 \| 42.1 \| 1,102 \| 1,073 \| \| 1981 \| 79.7 \| 24.6 \| 55.1 \| 147.8 \| 111.2 \| 36.6 \| 165.7 \| 121.2 \| 44.5 \| 1,122 \| 1,090 \| \| 1982 \| 79.4 \| 24.5 \| 54.9 \| 152.6 \| 115.2 \| 37.4 \| 174.3 \| 128.0 \| 46.3 \| 1,143 \| 1,112 \| \| 1983 \| 79.0 \| 24.3 \| 54.7 \| 158.1 \| 119.6 \| 38.5 \| 186.9 \| 137.6 \| 49.4 \| 1,183 \| 1,151 \| \| 1984 \| 78.9 \| 24.3 \| 54.6 \| 164.0 \| 124.7 \| 39.3 \| 202.1 \| 149.4 \| 52.7 \| 1,232 \| 1,198 \| \| 1985 \| 78.5 \| 24.1 \| 54.4 \| 170.8 \| 130.4 \| 40.4 \| 220.8 \| 164.1 \| 56.7 \| 1,293 \| 1,259 \| Source: Narodnoye Khozyaystvo USSR, Moscow, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985. such a rate of savings is unusually high, taking into consideration that disposable personal income per capita for 1985 was about 1,300 rubles. Such a low income would qualify for the poverty level in the United States. The question arises: what induces Soviet citizens to save? Are the savings in the savings banks voluntary or are they forced? According to savings bank officials, the Soviet people save with the intention of buying dwelling houses and consumer goods like televisions, automobiles, motorcycles, furniture and also for patriotic reasons such as promoting industrial and cultural development of the country. They say that the savings deposits promote industrial and cultural development because these deposits are a source of funding for the state. The state can take these funds simply by issuing credits to the savings banks. These officials also claim that savings deposits strengthen the ruble. Savings deposits in this case serve as an adjustment of the quantity of consumer goods supplied and quantity of goods demanded. When the amount of disposable money income exceeds the value of consumer goods and services available, the savings banks prevent inflationary expectations by extracting the surplus cash. Since prices are government controlled they cannot be varied by supply and demand in order to absorb surplus cash. The inflationary pressures are partially reflected in the collective farm market prices. IV. Collective Farm Market Prices Prices on the collective farm market are free and are determined by the relative forces of supply and demand. This market has provided only a small share of the retail goods available in state shops, but its share of food sales is larger, especially for fresh vegetables, fruits, meats and dairy products. The interesting feature of the market is that it alters the supply function. Consumers may buy all the goods they want in state retail stores at fixed prices, but only to the limits of planned retail sales. If they want to buy more, they may do so at higher prices in the collective farm market. If there is a shortage of consumer goods in state retail stores, there will be increased demand for such goods in the collective farm market. Increased demand will cause the price and the quantity of goods supplied in this market to rise. An increase in the supply of goods in state retail stores will have an inverse effect on demand and prices in the collective farm market. This free market serves as an index of the scarcity of consumer goods in the state shops. Therefore, such variables as retail store sales and collective farm market prices are expected to be inversely related. Table 5, State Retail Stores Price Index, Collective Farm Market Price Index, Flow of Savings, and Inflow of New Depositors, shows the collective farm price index and state retail price index. Table 5 shows there were sporadic sharp increases in the collective farm market prices during the 1970's and early 1980's. During this period collective farm market prices more than doubled. The state stores retail prices remained virtually unchanged from 1954 until 1979. Since 1979 there were slight increases in the state retail prices. Major increases in the state retail store prices were for alcohol and beverages. In order to reduce the inflationary pressures in the economy, the economic planners will attempt to boost the flow of savings into savings banks. As long as the flow of savings is increased, spending on consumer goods is reduced. The total amount of savings for a given year is formulated in the plan and the function of the savings banks is to see that the plan is fulfilled and overfulfilled. Savings banks officials, in turn, impose heavy pressure on the population asking them to make deposits or pledge part of their wages to the savings banks. Posters, leaflets, slogans, movies, radio and television lectures are used for campaigning. Special textbooks have been prepared and classes for training of campaigning workers are organized. On May 7, 1985, the Ministry of U.S.S.R. issued new rulings to the state banks and the savings banks. The ruling states that in order to overcome widespread alcoholism, the savings banks are instructed to widen the practice of cashless payrolls. Workers on payday, instead of receiving their pay in cash, would receive it in the form of savings deposits.$^4$ Savings banks' employees are actively campaigning among factory and state farm workers to assign their wages to the savings banks. Savings banks' employees are forced to be active and efficient, as any one of them can be blamed openly on the pages of the central organ of the savings bank for the lack of efficiency. Such a large inflow of deposits to the savings banks aroused a debate among Soviet economists on the role of the deposits in the Soviet economy. Some of them argue that all the savings deposits in the savings banks represent "postponed demand" for goods and services. Others argue that only the incremental portion of savings deposits where the rate of growth of savings deposits exceeds the rate of growth of personal income or retail store sales represents postponed demand. Still others point out that postponed demand is made up of those savings accounts which are accumulated in sufficient amounts and ready to be spent on the desired commodities or services. The most recent and most radical proposal came from the leading Soviet economist Nikolay Shmeyow. He proposed an experimental sale of shares in the Soviet industry to the public as $^4$ See Panova (1987), p. 44. Table 5 STATE RETAIL STORES PRICE INDEX, COLLECTIVE FARM MARKET PRICE INDEX, FLOW OF SAVINGS, INFLOW OF NEW DEPOSITORS \| Years \| State Retail Stores Price Index 1940 = 100 \| Collective Farm Market Price Index 1940 = 100 \| Flow of Savings (in billion Rubles) \| Inflow of New Depositors (in million) Rubles \| \|-------\|------------------------------------------\|---------------------------------------------\|-----------------------------------\|---------------------------------------------\| \| 1950 \| 186 \| 104 \| .40 \| 2.7 \| \| 1955 \| 138 \| 111 \| .43 \| 3.4 \| \| 1960 \| 136 \| 97 \| .85 \| 2.2 \| \| 1965 \| 140 \| 117 \| 3.02 \| 2.4 \| \| 1970 \| 139 \| 134 \| 8.20 \| 7.1 \| \| 1975 \| 139 \| 183 \| 12.10 \| 6.6 \| \| 1976 \| 139 \| 187 \| 12.00 \| 6.5 \| \| 1977 \| 139 \| 195 \| 13.70 \| 6.9 \| \| 1978 \| 140 \| 277 \| 14.40 \| 7.4 \| \| 1979 \| 142 \| 284 \| 15.10 \| 8.1 \| \| 1980 \| 143 \| 305 \| 20.30 \| 6.6 \| \| 1981 \| 145 \| 313 \| 11.20 \| 5.7 \| \| 1982 \| 150 \| 330 \| 8.60 \| 4.8 \| \| 1983 \| 151 \| 328 \| 12.60 \| 5.5 \| \| 1984 \| 149 \| 323 \| 15.20 \| 5.9 \| \| 1985 \| 150 \| 335 \| 18.70 \| 6.8 \| Source: State Retail Stores Price Index was obtained from the annual statistical yearbooks on National Economy of the S.S.S.R. Collective Farm Market Price Index was calculated from the values of collective farm market sales in actual prices and the values in state retail store prices. Flow of savings and the inflow of new depositors was calculated from Table 4. part of "perestroyka." He pointed out that the share sales would put to use personal savings which have grown to 220 billion rubles. The sales of shares would benefit both the state and the owners. Communist Hungary and Yugoslavia have already floated their first industrial shares and share selling is widespread in China under that country's economic reform.5 From such arguments we can conclude that the Soviet economists are concerned about the inflationary impact that these deposits might have. Since large portions of savings deposits are represented by call accounts 5 Investor Daily, December 17, 1987. which can be withdrawn by depositors on demand, technically such deposits could be considered as a part of the money supply. Such a rapid increase in the money supply without a corresponding increase in goods and services would cause the price on goods and services to rise. This cannot happen in the Soviet Union since goods and services sold in government retail stores are fixed by the government. Most of these goods are for bare necessities and of poor quality. For example, before Mikhail Gorbachev’s arrival in the United States, he ordered, for himself, several business suits from Italy. Goods of good quality and some services of skilled labor can be purchased unofficially (or as the Russians say “na levo”) outside the government retail stores, but of course, at higher prices. And it is in this market where inflationary pressures can be observed. V. Summary and Conclusion Savings banks and the collective farm market are used as vehicles in balancing the supply and demand for consumer goods and services in the Soviet Union. Savings in the savings banks are neither forced nor spontaneous. Government persuasion to save seems to be effective. By such methods, the Soviet government, for a long period of time, devoted a large portion of its economic resources to heavy industry and defense, leaving the consumer sector of the economy neglected. Since the Soviet ruble is not traded on the foreign exchange market, it is difficult to compare its buying power to the U.S. dollar. An official exchange rate is $1.60 to one ruble, but one U.S. dollar can buy four rubles unofficially in Western Europe. By any measure, per capita disposable personal income of 1,300 rubles in 1985 seems very low compared to per capita disposable personal income in the United States or in Western Europe. With its military might, space technology and vast natural resources, the Soviet Union is considered as the world superpower. It might become embarrassing to the Soviet leaders to see that the standard of living of its citizens is comparable to the standard of living in developing nations. Furthermore, successes of economic reforms in China could have motivated the Soviet leaders to introduce economic reforms. Will this economic reform succeed? Not immediately. The present economic structure has existed for such a long time, it probably will take a long time for its reconstruction and eventual success. References Allakhverdian, D.A., Financy S.S.S.R. (Finances of the U.S.S.R.), Moscow, Gosfinizdat, 1962. Annual Economic Indicators for the U.S.S.R., Material Prepared for the Joint Economic Committee Congress of the United States, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964. Bankovskoye Delo v S.S.S.R. (Banking Business in the U.S.S.R.), State Bank of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, Gosfinizdat, 1962. Bergson, A. and S. Kuznets, Economic Trends in the Soviet Union, Cambridge, Mass., 1963. Bilenko, A., "Uporyadochit Planurovaniye Privlecheniya Vkladov v Sberkassy," (To Regulate Planning in the Savings Banks Deposits), Financy S.S.S.R., 11, 1958. ———, "O Vyplate Pensiy Cherez Sberkassy," (About the Pension Payments Through the Savings Banks), Financy S.S.S.R., 2, 1958. Brynskiy, A., "Kal My Vypolnyayem Plan Po Vkladam," (How Do We Fulfill Plan in Savings Deposits), Financy S.S.S.R., 4, 1958. Chetverikov, P., "Vazniy Erap v RAbotic Sberigatel'nykh Kass," (Important Period in the Savings Bank Business), Dengi i Kredit, 6, 1974. ———, "Vypolnim Vozrossliye Zadachi Sberegatel'nykh Kass," (Fullfilling the Increased Tasks of the Savings Banks), Dengi i Kredit, 2, 1964. ———, "Za Dal'neyeyshiye Rozvetiye Sberegatal'nogo Dela," (For Further Development of the Savings Business), Dengi i Kredit, 3, 1963. Dimensions of Soviet Economic Power, Hearings for the Joint Economic Committee Congress of the United States, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962. Dubenchuk, A., "Privlecheniye Vkladov na Sele," (Attraction for Savings Deposit in the Village), Financy S.S.S.R., 6, 1957. ———, "Sovernuyutsya Raborniki Sberegaltelinykh Kass," (Competition Among Workers of the Savings Banks), Dengi i Kredit, 8, 1963. Eremeeva, H., Razvitiye Sberegatel'nogo Dela' v S.S.S.R., (Development of the Savings Business in the U.S.S.R.), Moscow, Gasfinizdat, 1958. Figurnov, S.P., Realnaya Zarabotnaya Plata i Podyem Materialnogo Blagosostowania Trudyashchikhsya v S.S.S.R., (Real Wages and the Raising of the Material Well-Being of Working Persons in the U.S.S.R.), Moscow, 1960. Goldman, M.I., The Soviet Economy — Myth and Reality, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice Hall, 1968. ______, U.S.S.R. in Crises — The Failure of Economic System, New York, W.W. Norton & Company, 1983. Hapoguoye Khaziaysiwo SSSR za 70 Let; Hosudarstvenniy Komitet SSSR po Statistike, (National Economy for 70 years — State Committee on Statistics for the U.S.S.R.), Moscow, 1987. Holzman, F.D., "Soviet Inflationary Pressures, 1928-1957: Causes and Cures," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1960. Hosundarstvenniy Budget S.S.S.R., "Vazniy Richag Uskoremia Socialno — Ekuomicheskovo Razvitia," (State Budget of the U.S.S.R. is an Important Tool in Accelerating Social-Economic Development), Financy S.S.S.R., 1, 1987. Ilimich, A. and H. Tkachenko, Sheregatel'noye Delo v S.S.S.R., (Savings Business in the U.S.S.R.), Moscow, Gosfinizdat, 1964. Kashim, U.T., "Sberezhenia Naselenia i Systema Ekonomicheskikh Zakonow," (Population's Savings and the Economic Laws), Financy S.S.S.R., 6, 1987. Kronrod, Y.A., Dengi v Socialisticheskom Obshestvye, (Money in the Socialist Society), Moscow, Gosfinizdat, 1960. Mayer, V.F., Zarabotnaya Plata v Period Perekhoda k Kommunismu, (Wages in the Period of Transition into Communism), Moscow, Economizdat, 1963. Narodnoye Khozyaystwo S.S.S.R., Statisticheskiy Yezhegodnik, (The National Economy for the U.S.S.R., A Statistical Year Book), Gosstatizdat, Moscow, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985. Panova, H.S., "Razveticie Funktsiy Sberkass," (Progress in Functioning of Savings Banks), Dengi i Kredit, 4, 1987. Tseytlin, M., "Rekl'yama Sberegatel'nykh Kassakh," (Advertisement in the Savings Banks), Financy S.S.S.R., 6, 1956. Vinitskiy, I., "Novyy Poryadok Kassovogo Absluzhivaniya Naseleniya," (New Order in Cash Service of the Population), Dengi i Kredit, 5, 1962. Zverev, A.G., Natsional'ny Dokhod i Financy S.S.S.R., (National Income and Finances of the U.S.S.R.), Moscow, Gosfinizdat, 1960.	<urn:uuid:f5e38a3e-1750-47fb-a28c-d08b9cbfa78a>	CC-MAIN-2019-09	http://jed.or.kr/full-text/13-2/3.pdf	2019-02-22T15:06:47Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247518425.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222135147-20190222161147-00422.warc.gz	136,974,677	9,911	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.808371	eng_Latn	0.995044	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "swe_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 1994, 4448, 7280, 10120, 13379, 14918, 16572, 19087, 21972, 24932, 27666, 30512, 34880, 37296, 39520, 41463 ]
Please quote by part number, not key number when ordering [email protected] PH: 02 8644 8644 2016 CERTATE HD 4000SH DAIWAFISHING.COM.AU \| Key No. \| Part Number \| Description \| \|--------\|---------------\|---------------------------\| \| 1 \| 6J303801 \| DRAG KNOB ASS \| \| 2 \| 6F710001 \| RING \| \| 3 \| 6F895302 \| RATCHET \| \| 4 \| 6J230101 \| WASHER \| \| 5 \| 6F627301 \| WASHER \| \| 6 \| 6H714001 \| WASHER \| \| 2-7 \| 6J332501 \| SPOOL AS \| \| 8 \| 6G525101 \| RING \| \| 9 \| 6G747401 \| COLLAR \| \| 10 \| 6G903900 \| WASHER \| \| 11 \| 6G694001 \| CAP \| \| 12 \| 6H737101 \| CLICK LEAF SPRING \| \| 13 \| 6J302801 \| SPOOL METAL \| \| 14 \| 6F643601 \| PIN \| \| 15 \| 6G524801 \| PLATE \| \| 16 \| 6H621501 \| PACKING \| \| 17 \| 6G212503 \| BALL BEARING \| \| 18 \| 6J302501 \| COLLAR \| \| 19 \| 6J302401 \| NUT \| \| 20 \| 6G645603 \| WASHER \| \| 21 \| 6H022701 \| SCREW \| \| 22 \| 6J302301 \| COLLAR \| \| 23 \| 6H022701 \| SCREW \| \| 24 \| 6J302101 \| ROTER \| \| 25 \| 6J302201 \| COVER (A) \| \| 26 \| 6H431301 \| SCREW \| \| 27 \| 6H994703 \| BAIL AS \| \| 28 \| 6H431201 \| SCREW \| \| 29 \| 6B411700 \| WASHER \| \| 30 \| 6H743401 \| MAGNE AS \| \| 31 \| 6G686903 \| BALL BEARING \| \| 32 \| 6H743701 \| COLLAR \| \| 33 \| 6H743801 \| LINE ROLLER \| \| 34 \| 6H743901 \| COLLAR \| \| 35 \| 6H744001 \| MAGNE AS \| \| 36 \| 6H960102 \| ARM LEVER \| \| 37 \| 6H697701 \| SCREW \| \| 38 \| 6H962401 \| COLLAR \| \| 39 \| 6H431201 \| SCREW \| \| 40 \| 6H640601 \| SHAFT \| \| 41 \| 6J401401 \| COLLAR \| \| 42 \| 6H576101 \| PLATE \| \| 43 \| 6H640701 \| SPRING \| \| 44 \| 6J089401 \| KICK GUIDE \| \| 45 \| 6H994601 \| COVER (A) \| \| 46 \| 6H431301 \| SCREW \| \| 47 \| 6H413601 \| SPRING \| \| 48 \| 6H994401 \| KICK LEVER \| \| Key No. \| Part Number \| Description \| \|--------\|---------------\|---------------------------\| \| 49 \| 6H417701 \| SCREW \| \| 50 \| 6J301801 \| NUT \| \| 51 \| 6H176501 \| O RING \| \| 52 \| 6J301701 \| CAP \| \| 53 \| 6H619301 \| MAGNE AS \| \| 54 \| 6H452801 \| O RING \| \| 55 \| 6H619201 \| WASHER \| \| 56 \| 6H690201 \| PLATE \| \| 57 \| 6H624501 \| PLATE \| \| 58 \| 6G314501 \| ONEWAY CLUTCH \| \| 59 \| 6H782302 \| CLUTCH RING AS \| \| 60 \| 6E134508 \| SCREW \| \| 61 \| 6G522901 \| PLATE \| \| 62 \| 6G522803 \| BALL BEARING \| \| 63 \| 6Z022720 \| GEAR UNIT \| \| 64 \| 6G578501 \| SPRING WASHER \| \| 65 \| 6G522705 \| BALL BEARING \| \| 66 \| 6H618001 \| COLLAR \| \| 67 \| 6J300101 \| BODY AS \| \| 68 \| 6H639301 \| POST \| \| 69 \| 6J300601 \| MAIN SHAFT \| \| 70 \| 6J303301 \| SCREW \| \| 71 \| 6G162401 \| O RING \| \| 72 \| 6J301401 \| BODY COVER (A)(R) \| \| 73 \| 6J301301 \| COLLAR \| \| 74 \| 6J300302 \| SET PLATE \| \| 75 \| 6J300401 \| O RING \| \| 76 \| 6J040001 \| BALL BEARING \| \| 77 \| 6J185701 \| O RING \| \| 78 \| 6G800701 \| O RING \| \| 79 \| 6J300501 \| GEAR \| \| 80 \| 6J040001 \| BALL BEARING \| \| 81 \| 6G645600 \| WASHER \| \| 82 \| 6H502601 \| O RING \| \| 83 \| 6J301501 \| BODY COVER (A)(L) \| \| 84 \| 6J302901 \| HANDLE AS \| \| 85 \| 6H455407 \| SCREW \| \| 86 \| 6H775701 \| COLLAR \| \| 87 \| 6G644203 \| WASHER \| \| 88 \| 6J304201 \| O/S GEAR \| \| 89 \| 6B853101 \| O RING \| \| 90 \| 6G522100 \| WASHER \| \| 91 \| 6G467102 \| BALL BEARING \| \| 92 \| 6H272202 \| SCREW \| \| 93 \| 6J301901 \| PACKING \| \| 94 \| 6J302001 \| CAP \| \| 95 \| 6H753302 \| SCREW \| \| 96 \| 6J339501 \| WASHER \|	6e45df50-3b45-4de0-94e2-39f856ae1cbd	CC-MAIN-2021-25	https://roulementcasting.com/wp-content/uploads/schematic/Schematic_Daiwa_16Certate_HD_4000SH.pdf	2021-06-25T10:08:47+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-25/subset=warc/part-00258-e638c5dd-3c3d-4738-8d52-dc1e9f44de3a.c000.gz.parquet	437,464,989	1,691	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.746367	eng_Latn	0.746367	[ "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	true	docling	[ 148, 5652 ]
Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, preferences, and feasibility in relation to the use of injection safety devices in healthcare settings: a systematic review Rami Tarabay¹, Rola El Rassi², Abeer Dakik², Alain Harb¹, Rami A. Ballout³, Batoul Diab¹, Selma Khamassi⁴ and Ellie A. Akl⁵,⁶,⁷* Abstract Background: Adopting technologies such as injection safety devices in healthcare settings can enhance injection safety. Developing guidelines for appropriate adoption of such technologies need to consider factors beyond evidence for their health effects. The objective of this study is to systematically review the published literature for evidence among healthcare workers and patients about knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, preferences, and feasibility in relation to the use of injection safety devices in healthcare settings. Methods: We included both qualitative and quantitative studies conducted with the general public, patients, and healthcare workers, administrators, or policy makers. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL and CENTRAL. We used a duplicate and independent approach to title and abstract screening, full text screening, data abstraction and risk of bias assessment. Results: Out of a total of 6568 identified citations, we judged fourteen studies as eligible for this systematic review. All these studies were surveys, conducted with healthcare workers in high-income countries. We did not identify any qualitative study, or a study of the general public, patients, healthcare administrators or policy makers. We did not identify any study assessing knowledge, or values assigned to outcomes relevant to injection safety devices. Each of the included studies suffered from methodological limitations, which lowers our confidence in their findings. Based on the findings of six studies, the injection safety devices were generally perceived as easy to use and as an improvement compared with conventional syringes. Some of these studies reported few technical problems while using the devices. In three studies assessing perceived safety, the majority of participants judged the devices as safe. Two studies reported positive perceptions of healthcare workers regarding patient tolerance of these injection safety devices. One study found that less than half the nurses felt comfortable using the insulin pens. Findings from four studies assessing preference and satisfaction were not consistent. Conclusions: This systematic review identified evidence that injection safety devices are generally perceived as easy to use, safe, and tolerated by patients. There were few reports of technical problems while using the devices and some discomfort by nurses using the insulin pens. Keywords: HCW, Injection safety devices, Injections, Acceptance, Satisfaction, Preferences * Correspondence: [email protected] ⁵Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon ⁶Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Riad-EI-Solh Beirut 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2016 The Author(s). Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Background According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), there were 3 million exposures amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) in 2002 to blood borne pathogens due to needlestick injuries (NSI) [1]. The major pathogens of concern are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Amongst HCWs, it is estimated that 37% of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, 39% of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and 4.4% of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are due to needlestick injuries [2]. NSI have also the potential to transmit other infectious agents, such as viral hemorrhagic fever viruses. Similarly, in the year 2000, the reuse of injection equipment accounted for 32, 40, and 5% of new HBV, HCV, and HIV infections worldwide [1]. These infections will lead to a burden of 9.18 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) between the years 2000 and 2030 [3]. Adopting injection safety devices such as sharp injury protection (SIP) devices and reuse prevention (RUP) devices can enhance injection safety. The first stage of introducing an injection safety device into the clinical setting however, is an assessment of user acceptability [4]. These evaluations are usually conducted within a short timeframe and provide valuable information regarding user’s preferences and product characteristics [5]. Unfortunately, policies and guidelines for injection safety practices lack for a number of countries. We conducted this study in preparation for the development of WHO policy guidance on use of injection safety devices by healthcare workers. The development of WHO policy guidance follows the GRADE methodology [6, 7]. The methodology calls for the consideration of factors beyond evidence for their health effects, including the valuation of the outcomes of interest, the preference for the different management options, their feasibility, and their effect on equity [6]. The consideration of these factors should be ideally based on a systematic review of the available evidence. The objective of this study is to systematically review the published literature for evidence among healthcare workers and patients about knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, preferences, and feasibility in relation to the use of injection safety devices in healthcare settings. Methods In this article, the term injection broadly refers to the use of sharp device in delivering skin injection or venous and arterial access for medication delivery and phlebotomy. We developed a protocol for this systematic review and registered it with PROSPERO [8]. Eligibility criteria Types of study designs We included the following types of study designs: - Quantitative studies including surveys - Qualitative studies including individual interviews, and focus groups. - Other study designs that specifically assess values and preferences including: time trade-off, probability trade-off, treatment trade-off, standard gamble, and visual analogue scales. - Studies examining choices made when presented with decision aids - Decision analyses We excluded scientific meeting abstracts and research letters. Types of study participants We included studies conducted with the following types of participants: - General public - Patients with or without history of blood-borne infections due to injection in healthcare settings - Healthcare workers with or without history of needle stick injury - Healthcare administrators - Healthcare policy makers (including those in the health insurance industry) Types of settings We included studies about the use of injection safety devices in the healthcare setting, i.e., healthcare workers delivering injections and patients receiving those injections for any reason (i.e., preventive, therapeutic, family planning). We were not interested in studies conducted in non-healthcare settings (e.g., illicit drug use, patients using insulin pen needles at home). Types of injection devices We were interested in both sharp injury protection devices and/or reuse prevention devices. We included studies assessing intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intradermal (ID), phlebotomy and intravenous (IV) injections. Eligible injection safety devices included: - Retractable needle device - Needle shields, and recapping devices - Needleless injectors - Needle-safety devices - Devices used for reconstitution methods which have a needle shield • Auto-disable syringes (earlier called “auto-destruct syringes”), typically meant for vaccination • Reuse prevention devices • Pre-filled devices with reuse prevention feature • Intravenous devices with a needle protection attribute • IV catheters with a needle protection attribute • All blood collection devices (lancet devices, vacuum tubes for blood collection devices, an arterial blood syringes). We excluded studies using devices with needle protection attribute for articular, intra cardiac, and intra peritoneal injections. Types of outcome measures We included studies that assessed the following outcomes: • Knowledge related to use of injection safety devices in healthcare settings; • Attitudes and beliefs towards use of injection safety devices in healthcare settings; • Values assigned to outcomes relevant to use of injection safety devices in healthcare settings (e.g., HIV infection). In other words, how much do those affected value the outcome? • Preferences regarding the use of injection safety devices in healthcare settings; • Feasibility of use of injection safety devices in healthcare settings. In other words, is it feasible to sustain the use of the device and to address potential barriers to implementing it? Literature search We electronically searched (from date of inception to October 2013), the following databases used the OVID interface: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). We did not use language or date restrictions. Additional file 1 lists the search strategy used in Medline. We also reviewed the references lists of relevant papers, searched of personal files for both published and unpublished studies and contacted experts. Selection process Two teams of two reviewers each screened titles and abstracts of identified citations in duplicate and independently. We obtained the full texts of citations judged by at least one reviewer as potentially eligible. We conducted calibration exercises prior to screening in order to clarify the process. The two review teams screened the full texts for eligibility using a duplicate and independent approach and a standardized and pilot tested form. They resolved disagreements by discussion or with the help of a third reviewer when needed. Data abstraction process A third review team abstracted data from eligible studies in duplicate and independent manner for English articles. For one non-English article, one reviewer abstracted the data. They used a standardized and pilot tested data abstraction form with detailed instructions. They resolved disagreements by discussion or with the help of a third reviewer when needed. The abstracted data items included: • Funding and reported conflicts of interest. • Methodology including: type of study, survey instrument, sampling frame, sampling method, recruitment method, and survey administration method. • Methodological quality. As there is no widely accepted tool for assessing the methodological quality of surveys, we abstracted information about the following: sample size calculation, sampling type, validity of tool, pilot testing, response rate, and handling of missing data. • Population including: type, sample size, age, and gender. • Setting: including the country. • Device • Outcomes assessed • Results Data synthesis We planned to report the results separately for two groups of devices: (1) intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intradermal injections; and (2) phlebotomy, and intravenous devices. This separation reflected the WHO expert panel decision to address these types separately in relation to their use in the clinical setting. We reported the statistical results for each study separately. We planned on stratifying results based on the type of participants/population (e.g., healthcare workers, patients) and based on the type of outcome assessed. Results Please note that the use and mentioning of trade names in this article represents no endorsement of or advertisement for any product. The use of trade names was unavoidable as no generic names were identified for the devices evaluated here. Study selection Figure 1 shows the study flow. Out of a total of 6569 identified citations, we judged fourteen as eligible for this systematic review [4, 9–21]. Of these, six studies reported data specific to subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intradermal injection safety devices [4, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17]. Seven studies reported data specific to intravenous or phlebotomy safety devices [10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21]. The fourteenth study reported data on any of the above types of devices [20]. Table 1 provides the list of the 14 excluded studies with the following reasons for exclusion: 7 of the studies did not assess an injection safety device [22–28], 3 studies were not conducted in a healthcare setting [29–31], 3 studies reported attitudes of patients injecting themselves [32–34], and one study did not report on any of the outcomes of interest [35]. Study characteristics Additional file 2 provides the characteristics of the included studies about subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intradermal injection safety devices. Additional file 3 provides the characteristics of the included studies about intravenous or phlebotomy safety devices. Methodology We did not identify any qualitative study. The included studies used a survey methodology using questionnaires. Four of these studies used 5-point or 10-point Likert scales [4, 9, 13, 16]. One study used a 7-point Likert scale [11]. There was poor reporting of the studies’ sampling frame, recruitment method, survey administration method, and sampling method. Vaudelle-Malbos et al. reported using convenience sampling, [20] Adams et al. reported a random selection of participants, [4], Adams et al. and Rivers et al. reported randomly selecting nurses [9, 19]. Prunette et al. reported cluster sampling [18]. Methodological quality None of the studies reported sample size calculation. Three reported using a probability sampling approach. Table 1 List of excluded studies and reasons for exclusion \| Study \| Reason for exclusion \| \|------------------------\|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\| \| English, 1992 [22] \| Study did not assess an injection safety device \| \| Guerlain 2010 [29] \| Study was not conducted in a health care setting \| \| Hirayama 2009 [23] \| Study did not assess an injection safety device \| \| Jeans 1999 [24] \| Study did not assess an injection safety device \| \| Kuroyama 2006 [25] \| Study did not assess an injection safety device \| \| Lee 2005 [35] \| Study did not report on any of the outcomes of interest \| \| Musso 2010 [32] \| Study reported attitudes of patients injecting themselves \| \| Oyer 2011 [26] \| Study did not assess an injection safety device \| \| Pfitzner 2013 [27] \| Study did not assess an injection safety device \| \| Quiroga 1998 [30] \| Study was not conducted in a health care setting \| \| Shelmet 2004 [33] \| Study reported attitudes of patients injecting themselves \| \| Sibbitt 2008 [28] \| Study did not assess an injection safety device \| \| Tsu 2009 [31] \| Study was not conducted in a health care setting \| \| Vidovic 2010 [34] \| Study reported attitudes of patients injecting themselves \| Vaudelle-Malbos et al. reported non-probability sampling [20]. None of the other studies reported on sampling type. Davis et al. mentioned that the questionnaire used was based on “previously published validated and non-validated surveys” [12]. Butler et al. mentioned that the questionnaire used was adapted from a previously developed one for a new device questionnaire, and the validity was not reported [11]. Pilot testing was done in two studies [11, 19]. None of the remaining studies reported whether their questionnaires were pilot tested or validated. Eight studies reported on their response rates, which ranged from 5% [20] to 100% [4, 16]. None of the included studies reported on the handling of missing data. All these methodological limitations lower our confidence in the findings reported by those studies. Devices The devices assessed in the included studies were: - Eclipse™, SafetyGlide™ and SafetyGlide™ insulin [4]. - SafetyGlide™ hypodermic needles, SafetyGlide™-TNT (Tiny Needle Technology) insulin units and blunt fill cannulae [9]. - FlexPen®, and InnoLet® [12]. - Eclipse™, Magellan™, and SecureGard™ [13]. - Although the device brand was not reported, the injection safety device was described as having “a plastic sheath that extends over the needle tip to prevent accidental needle stick injuries. However, a spring-loaded plastic sheath covers the needle when a button is pushed with one finger. Thus, the safety feature is engaged with one hand after use” [16]. - Becton Dickinson 3 ml Safety-Lok™ syringe, and BaxterInterLink™ needless intravenous system [17]. - Safety-Lok™, and Needle Pro®, Protectiv™ I.V. catheter, and 2 needleless systems (Interlink® and Bionecteur®) [20]. - Needle-free system of all plastic material [15]. - Safety-Lok™, Punctur-Guard®, Venipuncture Needle-Pro® [22]. - BIO-SET™, double spike reconstruction device [29]. - Eclipse™, QuickShield® and Push Button™ [23]. - Introcan Safety™ catheters, Insyte Autoguard™ [24]. - Protectiv® Plus IV [19]. - Clearlink ™needless connector [21]. Study funding Of the seven included studies assessing subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intradermal injection safety devices, three reported their funding source, where two mentioned it as Becton Dickinson(Oxford, UK), [4, 9] and the other as Baxter Healthcare Corporation [17]. Of the seven included studies assessing intravenous and phlebotomy safety devices, three reported their funding source to be respectively: Department of Anesthesiology, Military Teaching Hospital Sainte Anne, Toulon, France; [18] Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas [19] Baxter Healthcare corporation [21]. Conflict of interest One study reported that one author had conflict of interest with Novo. Nordisk [12]. One study reported that their authors had no conflicts of interest [13]. The remaining studies did not provide conflicts of interest disclosures. Population Populations of thirteen studies included nursing populations, eight of which included physicians [4, 10, 14, 16–18, 20, 21]. One study did not describe its participant population [13]. The sample size of these studies ranged between 17 and 1705 participants. We did not identify any study of the general public, patients, healthcare administrators or policy makers. Setting Six of the studies were conducted in the United States [10, 11, 15–17, 19]. Two in France, [18, 20] Five in the United Kingdom, [4, 9, 13, 14, 21]. One study did not specify the country where it was conducted, but it appears to have been conducted in the United States [12]. All studies were conducted in the healthcare setting. We did not identify any study conducted in a low or middle-income country. Outcomes assessed The outcomes assessed included the following: perceived ease of use, perceived safety, perceived patient tolerance, perceived compatibility, reliability, confidence, preference, and satisfaction. One study assessed the predictors of acceptance of the device [19]. We did not identify any study assessing knowledge, or assigned to outcomes relevant to injection safety devices. Findings We present below a summary of the findings of the included studies in relation to the each of the assessed outcomes. We first report the results relevant to IM, SC and ID injections, based on seven of the fourteen studies [4, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 20]. We then report the results relevant to IV/Phlebotomy devices based on eight of the fourteen studies [10, 11, 14, 15, 18–21]. Intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal safety injections devices Perceived ease of use Six studies assessed ease of use and reported the following findings: [4, 9, 12, 13, 17, 20] - 3 ml Safety-Lok™ was considered simple to use, and not associated with significantly more operator time [17]. - Safety-Lok™ was perceived as very easy to use, but with minor difficulties concerning the insertion of needle and obligation of one attempt [20]. - Between 70 % and 80 % of nurses agreed that FlexPen® and InnoLet® insulin pens were more convenient, simple and easy to use, and were an overall improvement compared with conventional vials/syringes [12]. - Most respondents felt that the SecureGard™ device required both hands to activate it [13]. One participant did not like putting the thumb near the needle tip to activate the Eclipse™ device, and other users made similar points about putting fingers near the tip of the Magellan™ device during activation [13]. - Eclipse™, SafetyGlide™ and SafetyGlide™ insulin were on average perceived as easy to activate, intuitive to use, did not hinder routine use, did not require more time to use than conventional products and did not require detailed training to use [4]. - In the study assessing SafetyGlide™ needles, SafetyGlide™-TNT insulin units, staff considered that the devices to be usable and compatible with most clinical situations [9]. Perceived safety Three studies assessed perceived safety and reported the following findings: [4, 9, 20] - Safety-Lok™, and Needle Pro® devices were perceived as safe. On third of users thought that the Needle-Pro device was not effective in avoiding needlestick injuries and therefore should not be implemented as a injection safety device [20]. - Eclipse™, SafetyGlide™ and SafetyGlide™ insulin were perceived to meet the safety standard, allowed activation to be clearly designated, could not be deactivated when reasonable force was applied [4]. - In the study assessing SafetyGlide™ needles, SafetyGlide™-TNT insulin units, staff considered that the devices to be safe [9]. Perceived patient tolerance Two of the studies assessed patient tolerance towards the injection safety devices used and reported the following findings: [13, 16] - The “safety syringes” (described as having a plastic sheath that extends over the needle tip) were perceived as comfortable [16]. - Eclipse™, Magellan™ and the SecureGard™ devices were not more painful to the patient compared to conventional devices [13]. Perceived compatibility In one study, the safety feature of Eclipse™, Safety-Glide™ and SafetyGlide™ insulin were not perceived, on average, to hinder the product’s use. Only 6 % of nurses were concerned whether devices could be used for phlebotomy [4]. Reliability Different users raised a number of reliability issues regarding the SecureGard™ product (e.g., leakage on one occasion, accidental activation of the device, needles falling off, safety feature not activating accurately on every occasion) [13]. Confidence In the study assessing FlexPen® and InnoLet® insulin pens, 45 % of nurses agreed that they felt more comfortable giving insulin, using the pens compared with the conventional method [12]. Thirty nine percent of nurses agreed that they felt more confident they were giving the correct dose of insulin using pens compared with the conventional method [12]. Preference and satisfaction Four studies assessed perceived preference or satisfaction of HCWs regarding the use of the devices and reported the following findings: [12, 13, 16, 17] - Positive findings for FlexPen® and InnoLet® insulin pen devices [12]. Specifically, the nurses agreed that insulin pens were more convenient and that it took less time to prepare and administer insulin; - Negative findings for the 3 ml Safety-Lok™ syringe. This was reportedly related to difficulty in engaging the protective sheath and because its size after being sheathed impeded easy disposal in needle boxes; [17]. - In one study, the shielded devices (Magellan™ and Eclipse™) were preferred over the retractable devices (SecureGard™), with Magellan being favored by most users [13]. - The overall satisfaction with the unspecified “safety syringe” was unfavorable, with lower median responses for post-use questions [16]. Phlebotomy and intravenous injections devices Perceived ease of use Four studies [10, 14, 15, 18] assessed ease of use and reported the following findings: - Seventy three percent said that Safety-Lok™, Punctur-Guard™, Venipuncture Needle-Pro were easier to use than the conventional device. Fifty eight percent said they facilitated the procedure, 31 % said they made the procedure more difficult, and 10 % were unsure [10]. - Concerning the Eclipse™, QuickShield® and Push Button™ some users indicated that certain orientations make it uncomfortable to hold the devices and perform venipuncture, while others indicated that shields could visually obstruct the needle. Results from the evaluations of the Push Button™ set were positive, i.e., the device was perceived easy to use. Some users commented that they did not like the position of the shield on the QuickShield and others stated that it was bulky, cumbersome and difficult to engage [14]. - Intensive care and critical care staff felt that the all-plastic material IV needle free system (anonymous brand) required too much manipulation and was too time consuming. Personnel were concerned that needle-free system would limit the fast flow rates during surgery [15]. - The passive Introcan® safety catheter was more efficient than the active Insyte Autoguard® safety catheter with regard to the ease of introducing the catheter into the vein and the staff’s exposure to the patient’s blood. The withdrawal of the needle was more difficult in the passive Introcan® Safety device group compared with the Vialon® and the active Insyte Autoguard® groups [19]. - A positive response (measured as ease of use) was given of more than 85 %, regarding the usability of the needless connector [21]. Perceived safety Four studies [10, 18–20] assessed perceived safety and reported the following findings: - The catheter Protectiv® was not safe to use [20]. - Sixty seven percent reported that the vacuum tube blood-collection needle with recapping sheath made the procedures safer to perform, 52 % reported that the bluntable vacuum tube blood-collection needle (Venipuncture Needle-Pro®) was safe, and 56 % reported that the resheathable winged steel needle device (Safety-Lok™) was safe [10]. - Ninety two percent agreed that proper use of the device protects from needlestick injury [19]. - The staff’s sense of protection against the risk of an accidental needlestick was equal and more favorable with the safety catheters (passive safety Introcan® Safety catheters, active safety Insyte Autoguard®) than with the conventional catheter (Vialon®, the nonsafety IV catheter) [18]. 1. In the study assessing Clearlink®needless connector, 70 % preferred to use the safer sharps device rather than a conventionally used luer cap [21]. Perceived compatibility Three studies [14, 15, 21] assessed perceived safety and reported the following findings: - Compared with the Eclipse™, fewer users felt that the QuickShield® should be considered for use in the Welsh NHS or would consider using it instead of a conventionally used blood evacuation needle [14]. - Eighty nine percent of the nurses thought that the needle free all-plastic material IV system (brand not specified) was the answer to the IV-related needle punctures [15]. - Eighty five percent of health care workers considered the Clearlink®needless connector to be suitable for every day practice [21]. Confidence Three studies assessed the confidence perceived using the IV injection safety devices: [14, 19, 21]. In the study assessing Eclipse™, QuickShield® and Push Button™, more users appeared to be comfortable using the Eclipse™ than the QuickShield. Most users found the Push Button™ set comfortable to use [14]. Eighty six percent of nurses mentioned that they will always use Protectiv Plus® IV device where eighty three percent felt comfortable using Protectiv Plus® IV [19]. In the study assessing the needless connector, 85% of health care workers felt confident to use the device after caring for 3 patients [21]. Reliability Eight percent reported having difficulty to avoid leak of blood after removal of needle from the vein using the Protectiv® IV catheter [20]. In the study assessing the needless connector Clearlink®, only 1 respondent noted a tendency for the device, to ‘pop off’ when used with a luer lock syringe [21]. Predictors of acceptance In the study assessing the Protectiv Plus® IV [19], they assessed the individual and organizational predictors of acceptance of the device by nurses. Almost half of the nurses (48.6%) had used the device more than 12 months. The majority of nurses (69.6%) agreed to the appropriateness of time between training and use of device. The majority (76.9%) disagreed that they needed more time for training. The authors mentioned that a positive safety climate existed, referring specifically the fast training suggesting considerable acceptance of the device between nurses [19]. Preference and satisfaction Five studies [10, 11, 14, 15, 19] assessed perceived preference or satisfaction of HCWs regarding the use of the devices and reported the following findings: - Fifty seven percent favored phlebotomy needle with recapping sheath (Safety-Lok™), 26% favored bluntable phlebotomy needle (Punctur-Guard™), and 47% favored resheathable winged steel needle compared with the respective conventional devices. Twenty three percent of respondents had no preference [10]. 1. Nurses scored the needless device Bioset almost twice as high as conventional method non safety on total preference [11]. - The Eclipse product was favored slightly more than the QuickShield (the two being phlebotomy safety devices) [14]. - Ninety five percent of the nurses responded that an unspecified IV system was preferred to other needle-free systems evaluated [15]. - Seventy six percent of nurses agreed that they are generally satisfied with the Protectiv-R Plus® IV device [19]. Discussion In summary, this systematic review identified evidence from fourteen studies suggesting that injection safety devices are generally perceived as easy to use, safe, and tolerated by patients. There were few reports of technical problems while using the devices and some discomfort by nurses using the insulin pens. Nurses’ preferences and satisfaction were not consistent in studies related to intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal injections. Unfortunately, the included studies suffered from methodological limitations, which lowers our confidence in their findings. In one study, the appropriate use of an injection safety device with “a plastic sheath that extends over the needle tip” was reported to be suboptimal (at most 60%), even after an educational presentation [16]. That same paper described the challenge of activating the safety feature through additional steps that require time, effort, and depend on whether the user remembers to perform the task. In another study, the authors described the passive Introcan safety catheter as more efficient than the active Insyte Autoguard safety catheter with regard to the ease of introducing the catheter into the vein and the staff’s exposure to the patient’s blood [16]. These findings highlight the importance of educational intervention, buy-in, and use of simplified devices, such as passive rather than active injection safety devices [16]. This study has a number of limitations and strengths. The limitations are mainly related to the small number and low quality of the available evidence. In addition, we did not identify any qualitative study and none of the included studies was conducted in low or middle-income countries or included the general public, patients, healthcare administrators or policy makers. We did not identify any study assessing knowledge, or values assigned to outcomes relevant to injection safety devices. It is important to note that we did not include studies relevant to articular, intra cardiac, and intra peritoneal injection devices. The main strength of this study relates to the use of standard approaches in conducting [36], and reporting systematic reviews [37]. We have identified one other systematic review, published by the Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive 2012, [38] addressing whether the use of injury prevention devices in healthcare affect user acceptability compared to standard practices. The results of that review were consistent with ours and they concluded that “health care workers should be involved in the evaluation of products before any safer sharps device is introduced” and that “user acceptability is likely to be an obstacle to the uptake of safer sharps devices”. That review included only five studies potentially relevant to our question, all of which we have identified and included in this review [4, 10, 18, 19, 21]. They included two studies that we think are not eligible for our review. They missed to include nine other studies that we judged as eligible and have included in our review [9, 11–17, 20]. Conclusions Our findings have implications for clinical practice. Healthcare workers perceive injection safety devices to be generally easy to use, safe, and tolerated by patients. It is not clear whether some of the reported technical problems, and the extra steps required for using the injection safety devices explain the inconsistency between the included studies in preferences and satisfaction. There is a need to engage healthcare workers in the selection of the injection safety devices to ensure user acceptability and the eventual desired beneficial effect on disease burden. Our findings have also research implications. Future research should include qualitative studies to better understand the findings above. There is also a need to conduct studies low or middle-income countries, and studies assessing knowledge, and values assigned to outcomes relevant to injection safety. Additional files - Additional file 1: Search strategy used in Medline. (DOC 29 kb) - Additional file 2: Characteristics of the included studies on subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intradermal injection safety devices. (DOC 79 kb) - Additional file 3: Characteristics of the included studies on intravenous and/or phlebotomy injection safety devices. (DOCX 37 kb) Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Service Delivery and Safety Department of the WHO Injection Safety Program at the WHO HQ in Geneva for their financial support. We would like to extend our gratitude to Mrs. Aida Farha from the Saab Medical Library at AUWC for assisting with the search strategy. We also, thank Ms. Lara Kahale for her contribution in obtaining the full text articles. Availability of data and supporting materials section Not applicable. Authors’ contributions Conceiving and designing the review: EA, SK. Coordinating the review: EA. Search strategy: AH, RT, EA. Data extraction: RR, AD, RT, RB, BD. Data analyses: EA. Data interpretation: EA, SK. Drafting of the review: RT, EA. Reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript: all authors. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests, particularly with regards to the products described here. Consent for publication Not applicable. Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Author details 1Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. 2American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. 3Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. 4World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 5Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. 6Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Riad-El-Solh Beirut 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon. 7Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Received: 27 May 2016 Accepted: 2 July 2016 Published online: 13 July 2016 References 1. World Health Organization. Chapter 4: Quantifying Selected Major Risks to Health. In: The world health report 2002 - Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. 2002, p. 47–98. 2. Pruss-Ustun A, Rapiti E, Hutin Y. Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health-care workers. Am J Ind Med. 2005;48:482–90. 3. Dziekan G, Chisholm D, Johns B, Rovira J, Hutin YJF. The cost-effectiveness of policies for the safe and appropriate use of injection in healthcare settings. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81:277–85. 4. Adams D, Elliott TS. A comparative user evaluation of three needle–protective devices. Br J Nurs. 2003;12:470–4. 5. Pugliese G, Germanson TP, Bartley J, Luca J, Lamerato L, Cox J, Jagger J. Evaluating sharps safety devices: meeting OSHA’s intent. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2001;22:456–8. 6. Andrews JC, Schurenmann HJ, Oxman AD, Pottie K, Meerpolli JJ, Coelho PA, Rind D, Montori VM, Brito JP, Norris S, et al. GRADE guidelines: 15. Going from evidence to recommendation–determinants of a recommendation’s direction and strength. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:726–35. 7. Andrews J, Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Alderson P, Dahm P, Falck-Ytter Y, Nasser M, Meerpolli J, Post PN, Kunz R, et al. GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:719–25. 8. Elie Ak, Rami Ballout, Batoul Diab, Alain Harb, Selma Khamassi, Rami Tarabay. Attitudes, values, preferences, and feasibility in relation to injection safety in healthcare settings. PROSPERO. 2014/CRD42014006915. Available from http://www.crdd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42014006915. 9. Adams D, Elliott TS. Impact of safety needle devices on occupationally acquired needlestick injuries: a four-year prospective study. J Hosp Infect. 2006;64:50–5. 10. Alvarado-Ramny F BE, Short LJ, Srivastava PJ, Henry K, Mendelson M, Gerberding JL, Delcos GL, Campbell S, Solomon R, et al. A comprehensive approach to percutaneous injury prevention during phlebotomy: results of a multicenter study, 1993-1995. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24:107–104. 11. Butler R LP, Mannix S, Brewster J, Mueller-Beckhaus A, MacLean D, Lloyd A, Rentz AM. Evaluation of user preference for a needleless factor VIII delivery device for haemophilia patients. J Drug Assess. 2005;8:17–32. 12. Davis EM, Bebee A, Crawford L, Destache C. Nurse satisfaction using insulin pens in hospitalized patients. Diab Educ. 2009;35:799–809. 13. Ford J, Phillips P. An evaluation of sharp safety hypodermic needle devices. Nurs Stand. 2011;25:39–44. 14. Ford J PP. An evaluation of sharp safety blood evacuation devices. Nurs Stand. 2011;25:41–7. 15. Wolfrum J. A follow-up evaluation to a needle-free IV. system. Nurs Manage. 1994;25:33–5. 16. Mulherin S, Rickman LS, Jackson MM. Initial worker evaluation of a new safety syringe. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17:593–4. 17. Orenstein R, Reynolds L, Karabaic M, Lamb A, Markowitz SM, Wong ES. Do protective devices prevent needlestick injuries among health care workers? Am J Infect Control. 1995;23:344–51. 18. Prunet B, Meaudre E, Moncriol A, Asencio Y, Bordes J, Lacroix G, Kaiser E. A prospective randomized trial of two safety peripheral intravenous catheters. Anesth Analg. 2008;107:155–8. 19. Rivers DL, Aday LA, Frankowski RF, Felknor S, White D, Nichols B. Predictors of nurses’ acceptance of an intravenous catheter safety device. Nurs Res. 2003;52:249–55. 20. Vaudelle-Malbos C, Gury C, Proust G, Brossard D, Vu-Thi P, Buonaccorsi A. Sterile needleprick prevention devices: Assessment after recording of accidents in two hospitals. [Italian] Dispositifs medicaux steriles de protection des piqures; Evaluation apres recensement des accidents dans deux hopitaux. Arch Mal Prof. 1996;57:508–18. 21. Casey AL ET. The usability and acceptability of a needleless connector system. Br J Nurs. 2007;16:267–71. 22. English JFB. Reported hospital needlestick injuries in relation to knowledge/skill, design, and management problems. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1992;13:259–64. 23. Hirayama T, Kuroyama M. Study on usefulness of prefilled syringe containing influenza vaccine preparations. [Japanese]. Jpn Pharmacol Ther. 2009;37:737–44. 24. Jeanes A. Zero-Stik-Safety Syringe: an automatic safety syringe. Br J Nurs. 1999;8:S30–1, S34–S35. 25. Kuroyama M, Hirayama T. Usefulness of prefilled normal saline syringe - Questionnaire survey and ease of handling and use. [Japanese]. Jpn Pharmacol Ther. 2006;34:489–97. 26. Oyer D, Narayndran P, Qvist M, Niemeyer M, Nadeau DA. Ease of use and preference of a new versus widely available prefilled insulin pen assessed by people with diabetes, physicians and nurses. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2011;8:1259–69. 27. Pfutzner A, Bailey T, Campos C, Kahn D, Ambers E, Niemeyer M, Guerrero G, Klonoff D, Nayberg I. Accuracy and preference assessment of prefilled insulin pen versus vial and syringe with diabetes patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013;29:475–81. 28. Sibbitt RR, Palmer DJ, Sibbitt Jr WL. Integration of patient safety technologies into sclerotherapy for varicose veins. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2008;42:446–55. 29. Guerlain S, Wang L, Hugine A. Intellject’s novel epinephrine autoinjector: Sharps injury prevention validation and comparable analysis with EpiPen and Twinject. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;105:480–4. 30. Quiroga R, Halkyer P, Gil F, Nelson C, Kristensen D. A prefilled injection device for outreach tetanus immunization by Bolivian traditional birth attendants. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1998;4:20–5. 31. Tsu VD, Luu HTT, Mai TTP. Does a novel prefilled injection device make postpartum oxytocin easier to administer? Results from midwives in Vietnam. Midwifery. 2009;25:461–5. 32. Musso R, Santoro R, Coppola A, Marcucci M, Sottolotta G, Targhetta R, Zanon E, Franchini M. Patients’ preference for needleless factor VIII reconstitution device: The Italian experience. Int J Gen Med. 2010;3:203–8. 33. Shelmet J, Schwartz S, Cappleman J, Peterson G, Skovlund S, Lytzen L, Nicklasson L, Liang J, Lyness W. Preference and resource utilization in elderly patients: InnoLet (R) versus vial/syringe (Structured abstract). Diab Res Clin Pract. 2004;63:27–35. 34. Vidovic N, Musso R, Klamroth R, Enriquez MM, Achilles K. Postmarketing surveillance study of KOGENATE Bayer with Bio-Set in patients with haemophilia A: Evaluation of patients’ satisfaction after switch to the new reconstitution system. Haemophilia. 2010;16:66–71. 35. Lee JM, Botteman MF, Nicklasson L, Cobden D, Pashos CL. Needlestick injury in acute care nurses caring for patients with diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005;21:741–7. 36. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. Available from www.handbook.cochrane.org. 37. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:264–9. W264. 38. Codling ABERGEA. An evaluation of the efficacy of safer sharps devices, In: Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive 2012 RR914. 2012.	<urn:uuid:faf7b013-d848-4177-a7e3-54dc6bcd8cbe>	CC-MAIN-2024-10	https://hqlo.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12955-016-0505-8.pdf	2024-02-27T07:04:38+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-10/subset=warc/part-00027-d9675c6d-5c8d-45bb-9c98-c56e42022a4d.c000.gz.parquet	316,495,222	9,725	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.965402	eng_Latn	0.991142	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 3749, 8179, 12518, 14255, 19840, 23999, 28451, 33551, 40534, 44346 ]
Volunteer State Community College Program Description: Participants in the Specialist in Safety & Health Certificate Program for Disaster Preparedness and Response must complete a minimum of Six (6) courses, comprised of required and elective courses, which include a minimum of 114 hours of training to earn the Specialist in Safety & Health for Disaster Preparedness and Response certificate. must complete a minimum of three (3) Elective Courses from the list that include a minimum of 36 contact hours of training. must complete three (3) Required Course as listed for a minimum of 78 contact hours of training. A minimum of 52 contact hours, must have been taken with the OTI Education Center at Volunteer State Community College. * Proof of successful course completion is required. * Other required and elective courses may be transferred from any OSHA Training Institute Education Center. View OTI Education Center at Volunteer State Community College scheduled courses at: www.volstate.edu/OSHA	<urn:uuid:225484a3-b1ef-4066-9259-cd74d96f49b9>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	https://volstate.edu/sites/default/files/documents/workforce/osha/SSH-DPR-Program_Requirements_for_Disaster_Preparedness_Response.pdf	2023-03-27T01:42:38+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-14/subset=warc/part-00000-39c03058-7d78-443d-9984-102329513e3d.c000.gz.parquet	669,362,001	198	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.857065	eng_Latn	0.979872	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 902, 1010 ]
THE POKIES PLAY YOU Woolworths special dividend propped up by pokies Monday, August 20, 2018 The Alliance for Gambling Reform today expressed dismay that Woolworths is becoming increasingly dependent on its 13,000 addictive poker machines to prop up annual profits. For the second straight year, the Woolworths pokies pubs division has contributed more than 10% of the overall annual profit in 2017-18, as measured by Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT). See p9 of earnings presentation. Alliance director and spokesman Tim Costello called on the Woolworths directors to stop preying on vulnerable people to deliver unsustainable pokies profits. "Woolworths has made a record $259 million out of its pokies business in 2017-18, lifting the total operating profits over the past 13 years to more than $2.6 billion or an average of more than $200 million a year," Mr Costello said. "As The Alliance said last week, it is time for Woolworths to clean up the way ALH is operated and then divest from the predatory poker machine industry altogether." Woolworths also released their sustainability report, which lacks support for evidence based harm reduction policies. "Unlike Coles, Woolworths has failed to support $1 bets, or reduce the operating hours of their pokie-den pubs" Mr Costello said. "Woolworths should be ashamed that their pokies pubs took 11% more than they did last year, increasing the harm done to Australians that includes relationship breakdown, mental health issues and suicide." For a full list of the 330 Woolworths venues across Australia, go here. Media contact: Stephen Mayne: [email protected] 0412 106 241 WOOLWORTHS HOTELS DIVISION EBIT AS A PROPORTION OF TOTAL EBIT FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 2004-05: $53m of $1302m (4.07%) 2005-06: $151m of $1722m (8.77%) 2006-07: $184m of $2111 (8.72%) 2007-08: $215m of $2529m (8.5%) 2008-09: $218m of $2815m (7.74%) 2009-10: $177m of $3082m (5.74%) 2010-11: $184m of $3276m (5.61%) 2011-12: $196m of $3352m (5.85%) 2012-13: $264m of $3653 (7.23%) 2013-14: $275m of $3775m (7.28%) 2014-15: $234m of $3748m (6.24%) 2015-16 $209m of $2446m (8.5%) 2016-17: $233m of $2326m (10.017%) 2017-18: $259m of $2548m (10.16%)	<urn:uuid:f0cdc6a0-28c5-437c-a306-997d5bc557f0>	CC-MAIN-2018-51	https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/gx/pages/2163/attachments/original/1534727489/Woolies_2018_profit_press_release_2018.pdf?1534727489	2018-12-13T23:42:55Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376825112.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213215347-20181214000847-00225.warc.gz	565,071,054	647	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998838	eng_Latn	0.997824	[ "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1872, 2212 ]
Langhe Nebbiolo doc Rosso Production area: Verduno Grapes: Nebbiolo First year of production: 1850 Number of bottles produced per year: 4000-5000 Vineyards: annually, according to weather conditions, you choose the vineyard planted to Nebbiolo from Barolo to offer a product that can be enjoyed from an early age. Exposition and altitude: altitude and different exposures depending on the choice vine. Soil: Medium mixture tending to calcareous silty Training system and planting density: Guyot, 4500 plants per hectare. Average age of vines: 7 to 20 years Yield per hectare at harvest of grapes: 70 quintals Period and method of harvest: the first half of October Vinification includes a fermentation-maceration for about 7 days in French oak barrels, with daily pumping over and punching. Temperature control in the case of excessive increases. Once the malolactic fermentation in steel, the wine matures 20 months in oak barrels from Allier and 35 hectoliters. After bottling, usually made in August, the wine is aged in cellars for at least six months.	<urn:uuid:a65d64ce-1e61-43ba-94f4-d97422b08a57>	CC-MAIN-2019-22	http://www.elitewines.net/images/wines/Langhe%20Nebbiolo%20tech.pdf	2019-05-26T02:00:56Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232258620.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20190526004917-20190526030917-00256.warc.gz	264,443,451	252	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.994508	eng_Latn	0.994508	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1067 ]
US Youth Soccer Risk Management Providing the safest possible environment through US Youth Soccer Risk Management KIDS SAFE PROGRAM US YOUTH SOCCER 800.4.SOCCER USYOUTHSOCCER.ORG 9220 World Cup Way Frisco, Texas 75034 WELCOME TO US YOUTH SOCCER Whether you play in Honolulu or Philadelphia… Whether your local club, league or association has thousands of players or just a few teams… Whether you work with (or are) a paid professional coach or are just coaching for the fun of it…. Whether you’re an Under-6 or an Under-19…. Whether you’re a parent, a player, an administrator, a trainer or a coach… You are part of CONTENTS Introduction ........................................... 4 KidSafe .................................................. 4 Goal Safety ............................................. 6 Personal Safety ....................................... 8 Tournament and Travel Safety .................... 12 Introduction Our commitment is to provide the safest possible environment through US Youth Soccer Risk Management KidSafe Program. We want to provide each player with a culture of safety – a place where every parent, player, coach, administrator and volunteer works together to ensure the safety of all of our players. This guide touches on several important topics and is designed to educate and inform so that you can help us in making sure that every child that is registered with US Youth Soccer is protected in as many ways possible. The topics included in this guide are: - US Youth Soccer KidSafe Program (beginning on this page) - Goal Safety (page 6) - Personal Safety (page 8) - Travel and Tournament Safety (page 12) - If Guidelines for Financial Management are needed, please refer to the US Youth Soccer web site THANK YOU FOR YOUR HELP! KidSafe Program US Youth Soccer and its State Associations consider the safety of youth soccer players and others involved in youth soccer to be of paramount importance. We have implemented stringent risk management policies and practices to promote the safety and security of players, teams, team officials, parents, volunteers and spectators. US Youth Soccer works in close cooperation with its State Associations to protect and improve the safety of youth soccer players nationwide. US Youth Soccer and its State Associations’ programs, activities, policies and bylaws that protect the safety and security of youth soccer players include the following: (A) adopting the KidSafe Program, including establishing and training Risk Management coordinators, and applying the program broadly to team officials, referees and volunteers; (B) promulgating risk management guidelines for youth web sites; (C) encouraging and facilitating compliance with the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA); (D) instituting coach and referee training programs; (E) developing materials and presenting programs about running safe activities, such as this guide and well-managed soccer tournaments and games; (F) developing and disseminating programs about proper parenting of youth soccer players; (G) encouraging and conducting educational programs about positive interactions among players, parents, team officials, referees and spectators; (H) providing information and guidance concerning many safety matters, such as lightning and weather, goal anchoring and safety, and coordination with local fire, emergency and law enforcement officials; and (I) ensuring age-appropriate interaction between and among youth soccer players. Goal Safety Every year children are injured or lose their lives in goal post accidents. This risk is very real, and soccer goals are so much a part of our “scenery” that we often don’t recognize the danger. Simply, falling goals can seriously injure and kill. Here are some simple safety guidelines to reduce the risk: - Never start a practice or game without inspecting the goals; don’t rely on someone else to ensure the safety of your players. - Always make sure that goals are properly anchored, including portable goals, before you start play. If goals are not anchored, don’t have players in the goal area and notify the proper official immediately. - Be sure to check that the top cross bar is secure. If it is constructed of two pieces, make sure they are bolted together. - Know how goals should be anchored. For the best instruction, go to Consumer Safety Products at www.cpsc.gov; then make sure you give proper instruction to all members of your club, league or association. - Do not manufacture or design goal posts – buy from a manufacturer who has product liability. - Perform periodic surveys on goal condition, including who owns the goals. Could your organization, league or association be held responsible for goals that don’t belong to you? • Put warning labels on all goals. For warning label information: www.cpsc.gov • Communicate goal safety information through every channel and opportunity, including your website and registration. • Goals aren’t playground equipment. Make sure that your soccer player – all your children – understand that goals should never be climbed. Don’t allow play on soccer goals. • Be responsible. If you see any children playing on a goal, ask them to stop and inform the proper official. • Be aware – goals are a part of the landscape but can injure or kill. Respect them. • Make sure that nets are removed and the goals are stored safely when not in use. Never under any circumstances ask players to help you move a goal. Personal Safety The statistics are frightening. Fact: One out of every four girls and one out of every six boys will be sexually abused before the age of 18. Fact: Pedophiles are drawn to places where there are children. All youth sports, including youth soccer, are such places. Each US Youth Soccer State Association has a KidSafe Program in place. At a minimum, this includes Risk Management disclosures and it may also include background checks of coaches, assistant coaches, administrators, volunteers and even parent helpers who are working with the players. However, background checks can only turn up past offenses; they cannot prevent child abuse on their own. Education protects our adults and our players. Know the types of predators and the red flags. Be vigilant. Whether you are a coach, administrator, parent, or player, be alert. If you suspect someone is at risk, inform the appropriate person. You can go to club, league or association officials, or to the Risk Manager of your State Association. Your concerns will be treated with importance and respect. Here are the types of predators that prey on youth - The pedophile creates and seeks opportunities to access children. This person has a tremendous aptitude for identifying children’s needs and vulnerabilities. He or she will take the time to form relationships, not only with the youth, but, possibly, the family. Youth sports can open the door for predators. By offering success, they can take advantage of the needs and desires of both parents and players. • The seducer, sexual harasser, or exploiter preys on older adolescents and young adults. He or she may make sexual behavior, sexual advances or romantic involvement part of the terms and conditions for participation. Players may feel that a coach’s actions (from playing time to recommendations) are based on the intimate or sexual relationship. • The molester is the nightmare in the news. This is the person who seeks, and may snatch, vulnerable and easily manipulated children, often the very young. Because we play in parks and other publicly accessible facilities, our youth are vulnerable to these predators who may become fixated with a child from a distance. Here are some simple safety guidelines to reduce the risk • Make sure that every adult who works with youth has complied with the Risk Management policies of your State Association, and club league or association. • Check references thoroughly. Don’t be afraid to ask a coach, assistant coach trainer, or administrator about his or her previous experience. • Help create an open environment that makes sure players know that they will be supported for seeking help with anything that makes them uncomfortable. Assure them that there are multiple avenues of support. Make sure that every adult who works with youth has complied with the Risk Management policies of your State Association, and club, league or association. - Set a tone of respect for players. Communicate the level of expected professional conduct to coaches, administrators and volunteers at coaches’ meetings, parent meetings and in literature. - As an adult, never be alone with a player. If you are working with an individual player one-on-one, work in sight of other adults. - Don’t send players to restrooms alone. - Keep barriers in place. If communication occurs by text or emails, send group messages to the entire team, including parents. Don’t use these means to communicate on an individual basis. - Limit the use of adult-to-player communication through cell phones. - Adults involved in a team, club, league or association should not become “friends” with players on social web sites. - Coaches coaching players of the opposite sex should make sure to have an assistant coach, parent or manager of the same sex as the players at all practices, training sessions, games, etc. - Have another adult at all practices. Be sure at least two adults wait for players to be picked up from practices or games or, if there is only one adult available, such as the coach, then make sure the adult stays out in the open and visible. • Establish boundaries between team and social activities. • Watch for red flags: o Adults who seeks personal intimacy with a player or discloses intimate, personal or emotional feelings for a player. o Adults who “court” a player or responds in kind to flirting or seductive behavior. o Adults who make excessive or disproportionate physical contact with one player. Tournament and Travel Safety Tournaments and travel are part of the fun and experience of participating in youth soccer. Help make them safe for everyone involved. - Plan ahead – make sure you have all the necessary paperwork, forms and passes. - Make sure that all contact numbers for parents, guardians, administrators, etc. are current. - If a player is traveling with someone else, other than his or her family, know the player’s transportation arrangements. Make sure these arrangements have been approved. Is the player going with another family? Does the player need someone to pick him or her up? - Plan your first team meeting/game in advance. Make sure everyone knows the meeting place and time along with how to get to the hotel, field or facility. - Double check all arrangements. If you have questions, ask. - Make sure players have all their gear and necessary funds to be prepared to travel and play. - Hotel safety: - If players are staying together in their own rooms, make sure they have adequate supervision. Rule of thumb: Are there enough adults to remove the players from the hotel safely in an emergency? - Set team rules and monitor behavior. Use a hotel booking service whenever possible for hotel selection to reduce liability. If it is “your” tournament, remember that requiring teams to stay in certain hotels increases liability should there be a problem at a hotel. Again, use a service to reduce liability if specifying hotels. If parents are traveling with the team, know who is in charge at all times. Don’t let your son or daughter leave your supervision unless they are attending a specified team activity. Do not let players roam the hotel alone. Instruct team members on basic hotel safety, including the following: - Instruct players on hotel rules and safety. - Players should use elevators, not stairs (unless an emergency dictates otherwise). - Players should always have a buddy with them. - Players should not allow anyone into their rooms other than their family members and/or teammates unless with an adult’s approval and knowledge. - Keep room numbers private. - Do not prop doors open so that people can come and go without restriction. Keep doors locked at all times. Communicate matters of non-compliance and unsafe behavior. On the road: Did you know that Federal Law prohibits the use of 15-passenger vans for school-related transport of high school age and younger children? Between 1990 and 2002, there were 1,576 fatal crashes involving 15 passenger vans. 87% of those killed were not wearing seatbelts. Remember; the insurance coverage provided by your state association may not include liability insurance for drivers. If you are transporting players in your own vehicle, you may not have additional liability other than your personal coverage. We hope that this will give you some ideas on how to help make US Youth Soccer the safest possible place for our players. If you have any questions or concerns, please remember that you can contact Risk Management officials in US Youth Soccer, your State Association, your local club, league or association. The Risk Management committee members’ contact information is available in the Risk Management Resource Center on www.USYouthSoccer.org. Thank you for helping us keep our players safe. US YOUTH SOCCER USYOUTHSOCCER.ORG	<urn:uuid:d9dcfdc2-4fe5-4ded-8a04-7d67ec29d8e7>	CC-MAIN-2018-51	https://s3.amazonaws.com/files.leagueathletics.com/Images/Club/21815/Refereeing/Kidsafe_brochure.pdf	2018-12-10T00:20:00Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823228.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20181209232026-20181210013526-00573.warc.gz	720,460,377	2,616	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.914728	eng_Latn	0.998177	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "por_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	true	docling	[ 219, 622, 924, 2267, 3515, 4789, 5512, 7052, 8292, 9627, 10003, 11177, 12233, 12821, 13316, 13352 ]
C++ Character Set a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and underscore ( _ ) C++ is case sensitive language, meaning that the variable first_value, First_Value or FIRST_VALUE will be treated as different . Identifier and Keywords: Identifiers in C++ are used to give names to various elements in a program like variable, constants, functions and arrays etc. One must give the name to an identifier as per its usage. Keywords are identifiers that are reserved words in C++ and have specific purpose. These reserved cannot be used by the user as user defined identifiers. C++ has 34 keywords. Escape Sequence in C++ An escape sequence is a sequence of characters that does not represent itself when used inside a character or string literal, but is translated into another character or a sequence of characters that may be difficult or impossible to represent directly. In C/C++, all escape sequences consist of two or more characters, the first of which is the backslash, \; the remaining characters determine the interpretation of the escape sequence. The escape sequence are given below: \| Escape sequence \| Character \| \|---\|---\| \| \a \| Bell/beep \| \| \b \| backspace \| \| \f \| formfeed \| \| \n \| newline \| \| \t \| tab \| \| \r \| return \| \| \ \ \| backslash \| \| \‟ \| Single quote \| \| \” \| Double quote \| \| „\xdd‟ \| hexadecimal \| \| „\o‟ \| Null character \| \| „\?‟ \| Question mark \| \| „\xhhh‟ \| Hexa decimal value such as \x1b \| \| „\ooo‟ \| Octal value such as \ o33 \| The escape can be used in cout statement within the " " as cout<<”\n enter a number”; //This statement will print enter a number on new line Data Types in C++ Data type in a programming language is used to assign a type of value to a variable from the range of the values supported by that type. For example a data type char can be used to assign any one of the character set defined in C++ to a variable. They are of the following types: \| Data Type \| Memory (ByteS) \| Minimum Value \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Bool \| 1 \| Logical Value T/F \| \| Char \| 1 \| -128 \| \| Unsigned Char \| 1 \| 0 \| \| Short \| 2 \| -32768 \| \| Unsigned Short \| 2 \| 0 \| \| Int \| 2 \| -32768 \| \| unsigned int \| 2 \| 0 \| \| Long \| 4 \| -2147483648 \| \| unsigned long \| 4 \| 0 \| \| Float \| 4 \| 10-38 \| \| Double \| 8 \| 10-308 \| \| long double \| 10 \| 10-4932 \| Token in C++ Keywords: have their meaning predefined in C++. They cannot be used by programmer for any other purpose. Identifiers: Are the name of the user defined variables, arrays, functions etc Variables: Constants: Are whose value cannot change during the execution of the program. Constants in C++ Constants in c++ are the data elements which do not change throughout the execution of the program. Constants can be of following type: Integer constant: 7, 3, 10, 345 etc Character constant : „A‟, „Z‟ , „x‟ …… etc Float constant : 0.2, 0.34, 2.35…… String constant: "RAM", "XYZ"……………… Expression Vs. Statement \| Expression \| Statement \| \|---\|---\| \| X=2+3 \| X=2+3; \| \| Not terminated by semicolon (;) \| Always terminated by semicolon (;) \| Operators in C++ An operator in C++ is used to perform an operation on the operand(s) and part of an expression. For example c= a+b; here there are two operators; one the "+" arithmetica addition operates which evaluates the sum of a and b, and the other is "=" equivality operator which is used to assign the value to the left hand side operand. Operators in C++ are of the following types. 1. Assignment Operator 2. Mathematical Operators 3. Relational Operators 4. Logical Operators 5. Bitwise Operators 6. Shift Operators 7. Unary Operators 8. Ternary Operator 9. Comma Operator \| Arithmetic Operators \| \| +, -, , /, % \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Assignment Operators \| \| =, +=, -=, =, %=, /=, >>=, <<=, &=, \| =, ^= \| \| \| \| Relational Operators \| \| >, >=, <, <=, !=, == \| \| \| \| \| logical operators \| AND (&&), OR ( \| \| ), NOT(!) Used to combine two operands, for AND validity of both statements will be considered, for OR( \| ) validity of 2nd statement is considered if 1st statement is invalid \| These operators are mostly used in loops (especially while loop) and in Decision making. \| \| Bit wise logical operators \| and, or, xor, not \| &, \| , ^, ~ \| \| \| \| Shift Operator \| Right Shift, left Shift, unsigned right shift \| >>, <<, >>>> \| \| \| \| \| Unary Operator \| increment, decrement, Address of, dereference, unary -, bitwise NOT, logical NOT, new, delete \| ++, --, &, , -, &, ~, ! \| \| \| \| \| Ternary \| \| If-else ? : Example int a = 10; a > 5 ? cout << "true" : cout << "false" \| \| \| \| \| Comma Operator \| Used to separate : variable names and expressions \| int a,b,c; // variables declaration using comma operator \| \| \| \| Operator Precedence \| Unary Operator \| Sizeof( type) \| ++ \| - \| \| L to R \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Arithmetic Multiply, divide and remainder \| \| / \| % \| \| L to R \| \| \| Arithmetic Add, Sub \| + \| - \| \| \| L to R \| \| \| Relational Operator \| < \| <= \| > \| >= \| L to R \| \| \| Equality \| == \| != \| \| \| L to R \| \| \| Logical and \| && \| \| \| \| \| L to R \| \| Conditional \| ?: \| \| \| \| L to R \| \| ``` Z = -10/5 – 20 + 8 = -2 -22 +8 = -16 ``` Use of Operator ``` (a) Unary Operators : Sizeof(type), ++ and – #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { clrscr(); int a,b; float c; cout<<"enter twointeger number"<<endl; cin>>a>>b; cout<<"enter a float number"<<endl; ``` ``` cin>>c; cout<<"size of int "<<a<<"is=\t\t"<<sizeof(a)<<"bytes"<<endl; cout<<"size of int "<<b<<"is=\t\t"<<sizeof(b)<<"bytes"<<endl; cout<<"size of float "<<c<<"is=\t"<<sizeof(c)<<"bytes"<<endl; a++; b++; c++; cout<<endl<<"++ operator give values of a, b, c are:"<<endl<<a<<"\t"<<b<<"\t"<<c<<endl; cout<<"Unary - give a, b and c as "<<-a<<",\t"<<-b<<" and\t "<<-c<<endl; getch(); } ``` (b) Arithmetic Multiply(*), Divide(/), Mod(%), Add(+) and Sub(-) Operator ``` #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { clrscr(); int temp,a,b,c,d,n,sum; cout<<"Enter four digit number:\t"; cin>>n; temp=n; a=n%10; n=n/10; b=n%10; n=n/10; d=n%10; ``` ``` sum=d+c+b+a; cout<<"\nThe sum of the digits of number = "<<temp<<" is=\t"<<sum; getch(); } ``` (c) Ternary Operator: A ternary operator is a conditional operator. If a particular condition is met then the first value after the ternary operator is returned other wise the second value after the "," is returned. ``` #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<iomanip.h> void main() { clrscr(); int a,b,n,c; cout <"\nProgram enters n, a, and b integers\n"; cout<<"and returns a if n>10 else b"<<endl; cout<<"Enter any number:\t"; cin>>n>>a>>b; c= n > 10 ? a : b; cout<<"\n number = "<<n<<"and returned =\t"<<c; getch(); } ``` Bit wise logical operators (AND(&), OR(\|), XOR(^), NOT(~)) ``` #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<iomanip.h> void main() { clrscr(); int a,b,c,d,e,f; cout<<"enter two numbers\n"; cin>>a>>b; c= a & b; d= a \| b; e=a ^ b; f= ~a; cout<<"\n bitwise and(&) of"<<a <<" and "<<b<<" is = "<<c<<endl; cout<<"\n bitwise or (\|) of "<<a <<" and "<<b<<" is = "<<d<<endl; cout<<"\n bitwise xor (^) of"<<a <<" and "<<b<< " is = "<<e<<endl; cout<<"\n bitwise NOT (~) of"<<a << " is = "<<f<<endl; getch(); } ```	<urn:uuid:c14dcf9f-1cda-456a-9c7b-ada52b88a95d>	CC-MAIN-2018-26	http://care4you.in/Tutorials/C++/L-3%20character%20set,%20data%20type,%20operators.pdf	2018-06-19T06:49:24Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267861980.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619060647-20180619080647-00264.warc.gz	54,629,199	2,166	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.802578	eng_Latn	0.981108	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1588, 2255, 3035, 4686, 5383, 6038, 6735, 7184 ]
West Bengal Police Recruitment Board Araksha Bhawan (5 th floor), 6 th Cross Road, Block –DJ, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700 091 RECRUITMENT TO THE POSTS OF EXCISE CONSTABLE (INCLUDING LADY EXCISE CONSTABLES) IN THE SUBORDINATE EXCISE SERVICE UNDER FINANCE DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF WEST BENGAL, 2019 NOTICE No. WBPRB/NOTICE - 23 /2022 [EXC-19] The Interview for the post of Excise Constable (including Lady Excise Constables) in the subordinate Excise service under Finance Department, Govt. of West Bengal, 2019 will commence on and from 12.05.2022 under 04 (four) Special Range Recruitment Boards. The e-Call Letter will be available on the websites of West Bengal Police Recruitment Board (https://prb.wb.gov.in), West Bengal Police (www.wbpolice.gov.in) and Directorate of Excise (www.excise.wb.gov.in) from 05.05.2022. Candidates are requested to download their e-Call Letter on keying of their Application Sl. No. & Date of Birth. The candidates shall have to produce the printout of their e-Call Letter at the allotted venues for appearing in the said Interview. The candidates are also advised to visit the websites on a regular basis for further information. Any type of canvassing during the recruitment process will lead to cancellation of candidature. The selection process by the West Bengal Police Recruitment Board is transparent and purely merit based. Hence, the candidates are advised to beware of the unscrupulous elements, racketeers, touts who may misguide them with false promises of getting them selected for the job on illegal consideration.	<urn:uuid:612964d4-1510-4be2-bc5d-8a51dc4fef25>	CC-MAIN-2024-18	https://prb.wb.gov.in/uploads/recruitment/165691537461458.pdf	2024-04-14T23:18:45+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-18/subset=warc/part-00119-29538f81-5664-4df2-acb6-7d8ba3d2a1aa.c000.gz.parquet	429,762,105	381	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.984063	eng_Latn	0.984063	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1567 ]
WEEK IN REVIEW Mrs. Bateson ~ MMSA Kindergarten May 8-12, 2017 Theme: Mother's Day Religion: * Visited the Chapel to pray part of the Rosary * Happy Birthday Genna! * Reviewing the joyful season of Easter o Crippled man lowered into the house to be healed by Jesus * Bible stories about Jesus sharing joy with others as he cures o Jairus' daughter raised from the dead * All School Mass o Man "awakened" from the dead and given new life * Star Student Erik! Language Arts: * Phonics Jj/j/ encoding and decoding words * Medial sound exploration: short vowels a,e,i,o,u * Memory word "said" * Focused attention to high frequency words & leveled readers * Understanding the importance of quotation marks * Story comprehension & fluency reading * Rhyming words Math: * Calendar Math * Continued calendar binders: read & recorded information * Continued patterns, adding, subtracting, and money * Simple single addition * Predicting when caterpillars will complete their life cycle Social Studies/Science: * Mother's Day activities…I'm not saying any more! Specialists: * Physical Education: Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays * Music: Mondays, Thursdays & Fridays * Art: Mondays * Spanish: Tuesdays * Library: Wednesdays~ Please remember to return books (VERY IMPORTANT) * Computer: Tuesdays Next Week: Caterpillars Mon., May 15 Tues., May 16 Wed., May 17 All School Mass Thurs., May 18 Happy Birthday Oliver! MMSA Flea Market Fri., May 19 MMSA Flea Market REMINDERS Wed. May 25 Kindergarten Mass & Celebration ~No School ~ Friday, May 26 Monday, May 29 Memorial Day Weekend Thursday, June 1 Field Day Fri., June 9 Last Day of School Dismissal 11:30 AM	<urn:uuid:aaf4fb6f-e397-4af6-97e3-18c8a6009cbe>	CC-MAIN-2018-17	http://mmsaschool.org/filerequest/9314	2018-04-25T10:26:03Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125947795.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20180425100306-20180425120306-00127.warc.gz	214,973,472	438	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.98505	eng_Latn	0.98505	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1677 ]
Gadfly, Restored by Lake George Area Boatshop, Launched at Antique Boat Museum By Buzz Lamb The Gadfly is a 33-foot 1931 Hutchinson Island Commuter built specifically for folks living in the 1000 Islands area of the St. Lawrence River. The Island Commuters could handle the current and conditions of the river and were a stylish, safe and reliable means to carry people and goods out to the camps and houses on the islands. In 1994 Gadfly was donated to the Antique Boat Museum by Margaret H. Wallace. As part of the museum’s in-water fleet, Gadfly provided hundreds of museum patrons the opportunity to take a ride on the St. Lawrence in the comfort that is the quintessence of her style. According to Ruben Smith, owner of Tumblehome Boatshop in Warrensburg, a few years back the folks at the Antique Boat Museum realized that Gadfly was in desperate need of repair. The boat was running on an 80-year-old bottom and needed to be restored in order to be safe to use as a tour boat. Smith said he submitted a bid which recommended the boat be restored using original construction methods since it was, in fact, a museum piece and had survived so well for all these years. “We were awarded the contract and started the restoration in 2013,” Smith said. Smith and his staff launched the boat at the Mary Street ramp in Clayton, N.Y., on August 1. “Gadfly is back home,” Smith said. Smith said the job initially was to simply replace the bottom and reassemble the boat. “But, during the disassembly we found that the superstructure was badly deteriorated and needed to be replaced as well,” he said. Smith said replacing the bottom turned out to be an interesting project. “We replaced the stringers, chine logs, keel, bottom framing and all the planking,” he said. Smith said they surmised that when Hutchinson built the boat they must not have been happy with the shape of the bottom. “Before routing the frames for the battens they tacked shims onto the bottom of each frame and then reshaped the frames to suit their eye,” he said. Smith said not all the frames had shims installed. “This meant that the bottom of the boat was not shaped according to a plan, or a lofting, but rather to the eye of the builders. It also meant that the bottom was not symmetrical which complicated our work,” he said. Smith said the bottom his workers built is much more symmetrical but essentially in keeping with the original Hutchinson form. Smith said the restoration project entailed 3,500 man-hours. “In the end, we replaced the house (cabin top) with new mahogany bulkheads and interior paneling and the black landau covering. Nearly all the side framing had to be repaired or replaced along with some deck planking.” Smith said a brand new carbureted V-8 engine and wiring harness was installed along with all new systems wiring as well. David Dodge, a retired New Hampshire schoolteacher who grew up in the 1000 Islands came back to the area in 2004. Dodge planned on spending a lot of time in his boats on the river so he decided it would be a good idea to take the Coast Guard Masters License course just to garner more information about boating. Once he received his certification the folks at the Antique Boat Museum asked him if he would like to become a captain for their in-water fleet of eight boats. Dodge said he jumped at the chance. Dodge said Gadfly is the finest example of its type (sedan commuter). “It’s always been the favorite of all the captains and the passengers as well,” he said. “I’m looking forward to taking passengers for rides again,” he said. Dodge said the museum runs two in-water programs all summer long. “One is a 30-foot Hacker Craft triple cockpit for the general public and a whole separate program for patrons. Gadfly is one of the boats reserved for patrons who can call up and reserve the boat for a two or three hour ride,” he said. “The boat is a perfect three-season boat because of the intimacy of the house (the enclosed part of the boat),” he said. “Passengers can ride inside, roll up the windows and stay warm and dry.” Dodge said he skippered the Gadfly prior to the restoration work done by Tumblehome Boatshop and was the first behind the helm when it was launched on Saturday. Dodge said that as coordinator of the in-water program at the museum the thing that pleases him the most is “the really extraordinary work that was done at Tumblehome has added 30 years to the life of this boat so that another generation will be able to ride in the boat and enjoy the St. Lawrence River.” The launching of the Gadfly at the Antique Boat Museum in Clayton last weekend after being restored at Reuben Smith’s Tumblehome Boatshop in Warrensburg. Photos courtesy of Tumblehome Boatshop.	<urn:uuid:bc11c3f3-66be-4a44-b11a-a61ede71c4a3>	CC-MAIN-2018-30	http://tumblehomeboats.com/sites/default/files/news/files/GADFLY%20lgmirror_080814c8_cropped.pdf	2018-07-17T15:03:02Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589752.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717144908-20180717164908-00474.warc.gz	366,328,139	1,033	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.99932	eng_Latn	0.99932	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 4735 ]
Michael N. Herring Honored with the 2016 Harry L. Carrico Professionalism Award The Virginia State Bar has awarded Richmond Commonwealth's Attorney Michael N. Herring with the 2016 Harry L. Carrcio Professionalism Award. The award recognizes "an individual (judge, defense attorney, prosecutor, clerk or other citizen) who has made a singular and unique contribution to the improvement of the criminal justice system in the Commonwealth of Virginia." award, presented by the VSB Criminal Law Section, is named for the former Virginia Supreme Court chief justice who promoted the ideals of professionalism during his forty-two years on the state's highest court. Among those nominating Herring were lawyers James A. Bensfield and Jonathan Kossak of the Miller & Chevalier law firm. Bensfield and Kossak represented Michael Kenneth McAlister in a successful petition for a pardon from the governor in 2015, after McAlister served twenty-nine years in prison for a rape he didn't commit. Herring publicly supported that petition. "Mr. Herring did not need to make these statements (supporting McAlister) in such a public way," Bensfield and Kossak wrote. "He did it because he is a man of integrity, courage, and justice…. He is the sort of prosecutor we all hope exists — an advocate for justice — not only for the victims of crime, but for those who the system may, every so often, wrong." Chief Justice Harry Carrico's daughter, retired Judge Lucretia A. Carrico, presented the award on February 5, 2016, during the 46th Annual Criminal Law Seminar in Williamsburg. The Retired Richmond Circuit Court Judge Richard D. Taylor Jr. also wrote in support of Herring. "Mike Herring makes what he does professionally in and out of the court look almost easy," Taylor wrote. "Yet, we all know that it is not. It involves relentlessly tough and often gut-wrenching work. The integrity, scholarship and compassion that he has exhibited on a day-to-day basis for decades cannot and should not be taken for granted by us." Herring received his undergraduate degree in economics in 1987 and his law degree in 1990 from the University of Virginia. He started his career as an associate at Hunton & Williams, later joining the Office of the Commonwealth's Attorney in 1992, where he served as a senior felony trial attorney for violent crimes and narcotics offenses. He then returned to the private sector in 1996 at the law firm of LeClair Ryan where his practice focused on medical malpractice defense and criminal defense. Prior to his 2006 election as commonwealth's attorney, he was a partner at the law firm of Bricker & Got an Ethics Question? i 44 The VSB Ethics Hotline is a conf dential consultation service for members of the Virginia State Bar. Non-lawyers may submit only unauthorized practice of law questions. Questions can be submitted to the hotline by calling (804) 775-0564 or by clicking on the blue "E-mail Your Ethics Question" box on the Ethics Questions and Opinions web page at www.vsb.org /site/regulation/ethics/. VIRGINIA LAWYER \| April 2016 \| Vol. 64 www.vsb.org Herring where he practiced criminal law and medical malpractice law. Herring served as the first AfricanAmerican president of the Richmond Bar Association in 2005, is a past chair of the Criminal Law Section of the VSB and of the Third District Attorney Disciplinary Committee. He is an active member of various professional organizations, including the American College of Trial Lawyers. He also serves on several government, community, and non-profit boards.	<urn:uuid:217b0194-6212-4627-9826-8d5b766d3edb>	CC-MAIN-2019-26	https://www.vsb.org/docs/valawyermagazine/vl0416-herring.pdf	2019-06-27T00:40:09Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000609.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626234958-20190627020958-00286.warc.gz	932,030,592	778	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.997455	eng_Latn	0.997455	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3557 ]
PROBATE COURT OF _______________________ COUNTY, OHIO IN THE MATTER OF THE ADOPTION OF ______________________________________ (Name after adoption) CASE NO. ____________________ IN THE MATTER OF THE ADOPTION OF ______________________________________ (Name after adoption) CASE NO. ____________________ ADOPTION CERTIFICATE FOR PARENTS This is to certify, that in an action pending in this Court, on a petition filed by _____________ _____________________________________________________________________________ to adopt _______________________________________________________________________ a minor, satisfactory evidence was submitted to prove, and the Court found, that the minor was born on the ________ day of ____________________________, 20_____, at ____________________ and that all necessary proceedings relative to an adoption were complied with; and the Court on the ________ day of __________________________, 20_____, decreed that the minor is legally adopted by ____________________________________________________________________ and the minor's name is changed to _________________________________________________ in the records of the Court. WITNESS my signature and seal of said Court, this _____ day of __________________, 20______ _________________________________________ Probate Judge By: ______________________________________ Deputy Clerk Print Form	<urn:uuid:9703c2f3-0b35-4985-beee-377ca8bcfa11>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://www.ccfamct.us/documents/jpc/B-Adoptions/Adoption_Certificate_for_Parents.pdf	2023-06-05T19:06:30+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-23/subset=warc/part-00033-ffa3bf93-6ba1-4a27-adea-b0baae3b4389.c000.gz.parquet	759,917,503	230	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.940943	eng_Latn	0.940943	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1387 ]
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 18-24 Jun 2018 Hyundai Archery World Cup - Stage 3 Recurve Men Team Qualification Round RESULTS OFFICIAL After 216 Arrows	<urn:uuid:b8509d61-7e4a-4139-be84-26f9481bedf9>	CC-MAIN-2021-39	https://ianseo.net/TourData/2018/3119/TQRM.pdf?time=2018-06-19+22%3A58%3A15	2021-09-27T23:03:14+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-39/subset=warc/part-00216-f465d820-0362-4c4c-a396-c69f5fd24cc4.c000.gz.parquet	338,493,966	48	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.415282	eng_Latn	0.415282	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 160 ]
4922 Fairmont Avenue, Suite 200 Bethesda, MD 20814 240.403.0913 H-1B Cap Exempt Options By, Nikki Whetstone, Attorney You weren't selected in this year's H-1B Cap lottery. What next? Many know about the H-1B Cap lottery held annually in March with about a 1 in 3 chance of selection. If selected, an employer can file an H-1B petition on the employee's behalf for a start date no earlier than October 1 st . However, for those who were not selected in the H-1B Cap lottery, an H-1B cap exempt petition may be an option. What does it mean to be "cap exempt"? Certain employers are exempt from the Cap lottery. This means that they can file an H-1B petition on behalf of an employee at any time without the employee having to be entered into and selected in the H-1B Cap lottery. Which employers are cap exempt? Cap exempt employers include: 1) Institutions of higher education, 2) nonprofit organizations affiliated with an institution of higher education, and 3) nonprofit organizations primarily engaged in research. What if my employer doesn't fall within one of those categories? Even if your employer does not qualify as a cap exempt organization, they may still be able to file an H-1B cap exempt petition on your behalf if you will conduct a majority of your work physically onsite at a cap exempt institution or organization. Here are a few examples: * Employer is a private IT company and employee works onsite at a nonprofit research organization providing IT services. * Employer is a private engineering firm and employee works as a civil engineer overseeing construction of a university's new library. If your employer or worksite falls within one of the above categories, your employer may be able to file an H-1B cap exempt petition on your behalf. Contact our office today for a consultation! 8737 Colesville Road, Suite 500 Silver Spring, MD 20910 301.917.6900	<urn:uuid:ed52d809-b05e-462c-9464-23c715ecd762>	CC-MAIN-2023-50	https://www.grossmanyoung.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/577/2023/03/Cap-exempt-blog.pdf	2023-11-28T19:57:40+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-50/subset=warc/part-00024-e565b809-b335-4c1d-90fd-54a9a2b7113d.c000.gz.parquet	921,461,459	424	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998122	eng_Latn	0.998122	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1889 ]
Partners and Babies Partnership and Fertility Histories of the German Family Panel (pairfam/DemoDiff, waves 1-3) as an Event History Data Set Christine Schnor, Sonja Bastin January 2014 Funded as long-term project by the German Research Foundation (DFG) Cite as: Schnor, Christine, and Sonja Bastin (2014): Partners and Babies. Partnership and Fertility Histories of the German Family Panel (pairfam/DemoDiff, waves 1-3) as an Event History Data Set. pairfam Technical Paper No. 03. https://doi.org/10.5282/ubm/epub.91985 Partners and Babies Partnership and Fertility Histories of the German Family Panel (pairfam/DemoDiff, waves 1-3) as an Event History Data Set Authors: Christine Schnor 1 and Sonja Bastin 2 Abstract: The German Family Panel (pairfam and DemoDiff, waves 1-3, Release 3.1) provides two generated biographical data sets (biochild.dta and biopart.dta) that contain information on fertility and partnership histories. Before these data can be used for event history or sequence analyses, they must be transferred into a spell format. In this report, we explain how this transfer is made. We provide a STATA code (Eventhistory.do) that generates an event history data set that can be used for various kinds of event history and sequence analyses in the realm of fertility and partnership dynamics. With the generated Eventhistory.dta, it is easy to identify the timing of family-related events, like the formation, dissolution, and interruption of marriages and other types of partnerships; as well as the birth of children. In addition, further episode-specific information on the family arrangement is included. Transferring the data into a spell format involves two major tasks: bringing the partnership and fertility histories into convergent and compatible formats, and dealing with missing date information. Moreover, Eventhistory.dta includes indicator variables for imputed date information in biopart.dta and biochild.dta, as well as for individuals who did not experience any events in their partnership or fertility biographies. This technical report is accompanied by the STATA codes that generate the spell data, as well as two examples of analyses. In addition, an Excel file exemplifies the structure of the data set. 1 Affiliations: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, D-18057 Rostock; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 5, B-1050 Brussels. Contact: [email protected] 2 Affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, D-18057 Rostock. Contact: [email protected] Table of contents Index of Annex Within Eventhistory package: Eventhistory.do Eventhistory_ReadMe.txt Eventhistory_Example_id.xlsx biopart.dta - Table I: - Table II: biochild.dta - Table III: Eventhistory.dta Eventhistory _Example_analysis1.do Eventhistory _Example_analysis2.do biopart_PF.do biopart_PF_IMP.do biopart_DD.do biopart_DD_IMP.do At the end of this document: Table IV: List of variables included in Eventhistory.dta 1 Introduction Note to the user: Feel free to start immediately, or to read this report for more detailed information. Please note that it is possible to start your own event analysis with STATA immediately by using Eventhistory.dta, which is generated by our Eventhistory.do file. 3 The delivered Eventhistory_ReadMe.txt document lists the steps you need to conduct to run Eventhistory.do. We further explain this procedure in the following paragraph ("How to retrieve Eventhistory.dta"). To learn more about our procedures or about how to perform individual modifications or to get an idea how to implement further waves (waves 4, 5 etc.), continue reading this report. Please note that we use STATA as software to construct Eventhistory.dta. The version STATA SE is needed to process the required number of variables. How to retrieve Eventhistory.dta 4 In order to run the Eventhistory.do file described here—which in turn generates Eventhistory.dta—small adjustments need to be made. Firstly, you need to gather several data sets and syntax files (see Table 1). Secondly, you need to rename some data file labels as we did (see Eventhistory_ReadMe.txt). Thirdly, small changes within the syntax of biopart.do (pairfam as well as DemoDiff) are necessary and recommendable. You need to enter your personal data path into the syntax. Further, for your convenience, we recommend that you introduce the command "set more off" at the beginning of the do file. Biopart.do uses variable name abbreviations in its commands. Thus, if you wanted to stop STATA from recognizing abbreviations, you would need to type >set varabbrev on< at the beginning of the biopart.do file and at the beginning of the biochild.do file. After making these adjustments, you can run the Eventhistory.do file. 3 The use of data generated by Eventhistory.do should be indicated in your work by citing this report. 4 To generate an event history data set, we split the data if an event occurs. These splits can consume a great deal of memory. We generally choose a memory setting of one gigabyte (g), which is enough to conduct all splits. The final Eventhistory.dta has a size of 113 megabytes (m). If the memory demand exceeds the user's capacities, we recommend commenting out the variable AGEANC (age of the respondent in years). This variable splits the data for each respondent by year. As the respondent's age is a central control covariate in most analyses, we decided to include the variable in the data. If you drop the generation of this variable, you will get a final data size of 55 megabytes. Short description of the German Family Panel The here described data base on the German Family Panel pairfam and its supplement DemoDiff. In the following we always refer to pairfam and DemoDiff jointly, when we mention the "German Family Panel". Pairfam (Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics) is a, multidisciplinary, longitudinal study for researching partner and family dynamics in Germany. It is coordinated by Josef Brüderl, Johannes Huinink, Bernhard Nauck, and Sabine Walper. The survey is funded as a long-term project by the German Research Foundation (DFG) (Huinink et al. 2011; Nauck et al. 2012). Pairfam had its first wave in 2008/2009, and is being conducted annually over the subsequent 14 years. The interview data are gathered from a nationwide random sample of anchor persons of the three birth cohorts 197173, 1981-83, and 1991-93. For the full data documentation, see Brüderl et al. (2013) and Huinink et al. (2011). Pairfam gathered information from respondents living in western and eastern Germany. DemoDiff (Demographic Differences in Life Course Dynamics in Eastern and Western Germany) is a supplementary study to pairfam. It only samples respondents of the birth cohorts 1971-1973 and 1981-1983 who lived in eastern Germany (excluding West Berlin) at time of first interview (2009/2010). Like pairfam, annual standardized personal interviews are conducted. The vast majority of the German population lives in the western part of the country. However, the German history raises the question whether family life in the former socialistic eastern part of Germany differs from the rest of the country. The oversampling of eastern Germans allows solid comparisons between the two regions with the German Family Panel. For detailed information on the conception of DemoDiff and the main differences to pairfam please see Kreyenfeld et al. 2011. In its first wave (conducted 2008/2009 (pairfam) and 2009/2010 (DemoDiff), respectively), the German Family Panel collected retrospective data on the partnership and fertility biographies of the respondents, which are updated with each consecutive wave. These data include detailed information not only on episodes of co-residence with a spouse or partner, but also on partnership episodes that do not involve living together. Furthermore, retrospective information on biological children, as well as on non-biological children and the respondent's co-residential history with these children is available. Former partners can be identified as the second biological parent of children in the retrospective data. It is these partnership and fertility biographies – the partners and the babies - we focus on in this report. The German Family Panel as an event history data set This report describes how data on the partnership and fertility biographies of individuals can be brought together to form a single, coherent event history data set. This data set may be matched to further information on the anchor person, his or her children, and his or her parents, as well as prospective partners using the respective person identifiers (pid, cid, mid, fid, smid, sfid). Eventhistory.dta is based on the third release of data of the pairfam group, and therefore includes the pairfam waves 1 to 3 (Release 3.1) and the DemoDiff waves 1 and 2/3 (Release 2.0). 5 We base our code on files provided by the pairfam and DemoDiff group which are listed in Table 1. All files are either available as Scientific Use Files from the GESIS Data Archive or are provided in the Eventhistory package delivered by the DemoDiff group. For any questions please refer to the pairfam user service ([email protected]). Table 1: Files provided by the German Family Panel 5 As the first wave of DemoDiff started one year after the first pairfam waves, the DemoDiff coordinators decided to merge the questionnaires of the second and third wave to allow the synchronization with pairfam. We validate our work in three steps. First, we illustrate the structure of the data sets biopart.dta, biochild.dta, and Eventhistory.dta with an example id (see Eventhistory_Example_id.xlsx). This allows the user to compare easily the information in biopart.dta and biochild.dta with our generated Eventhistory.dta. Second, we provide two examples of how the data may be used (see Eventhistory_Example_analysis1.do and Eventhistory_Example_analysis2.do. Third, we provide the STATA syntax file Eventhistory.do, which creates the Eventhistory.dta, which in turn makes our work completely comprehensible. The files Eventhistory.do and Eventhistory.dta may be used by other users by citing this document. However, we accept no responsibility for errors that may have arisen during the coding procedures. The original data sets (biopart.dta and biochild.dta) contain a wide range of date variables. This guarantees that the user has access to the data that have been manipulated the least and that have a variety of potential uses. However, because the data structure is complex, the data need to be edited extensively before analyses like event history or sequence analyses can be conducted. Our aim is to create a data set that allows users to conduct duration analyses immediately, without a major restructuring of the data. We improve the manageability of the data by transforming all of the available date information into time-varying variables. When appropriate, further information on partnership and fertility is also included in this time-varying manner by linking it to the date information. This data set thus offers users the opportunity to analyze easily a variety of research topics, including fertility behavior, union formation and dissolution, and the process by which partnerships are established. We very carefully clean the fertility and partnership information to provide detailed and consistent biographies, and to flag any imputed date information in biopart.dta and biochild.dta. In order to generate a single, coherent event history data set, we bring the partnership and fertility histories into compatible formats and add the population at risk (persons without partnership or children information). However, transferring the data into spell format requires us to simplify the data in some instances. We aim to generate clean and consistent fertility careers, which is why we focus on the biological children of the anchor person. 6 Thus, for researchers who are particularly interested in non-biological children, these data might be of limited value. Structure of the Report Chapter 2 defines our concept of partnership and fertility. We then give an overview of how fertility and partnership histories are provided in the German Family Panel, and the factors we consider when we generate Eventhistory.dta. In Chapter 3, we illustrate how we generate the spell data and describe in more detail the variables included. In Chapter 4, we summarize the benefits of Eventhistory.dta and offer advice on how users should handle the provided flag variables. Finally, we provide two examples of analyses in Chapter 5. 2 General notes 2.1 Definition of partnership and fertility The German Family Panel includes different partnership dimensions. First, it provides information on whether the respondent has a partner. We define this dimension as a "union." Second, it provides information on the partner with whom the respondent coresides. This living arrangement is called "cohabitation." Third, information about marriage is included in the data. These three dimensions of union, cohabitation, and marriage are included in the concept of "partnership." Thus, when we refer to issues that are relevant to any of these three dimensions, we use the term "partnership." In the interviews, the respondents are asked about the length of their union, cohabitation, or marriage. This date information leads to different combinations of the partnership dimensions, as we illustrate in Figure 1; namely, 1: having a relationship outside of marriage and cohabitation (a so-called "living apart together relationship"); 2: having a co-residing non-marital relationship; 3: having a co-residing marital relationship; 6 For non-biological children more limited information like episodes of co-residence with the anchor person is considered. 4: being married to the partner and living in separate households; 5: "still" cohabiting, without having a relationship with the (former) partner; 6: "still" cohabiting with the spouse, without being in a union with the spouse; and 7: "still" being married, but living apart from the former partner. These are the main partnership categories that concentrate on the relationship to a single partner. However, over the life course, most people enter into relationships with various partners. This leads to different combinations of the partnership categories. For example, a person can still be married to a former partner (Category 7), but already have a new non-marital relationship with a separate household (Category 1). Another possibility is that a person is engaged in two simultaneous partnerships (both category 1). These multiple partnership statuses are identified by the German Family Panel and are also considered in Eventhistory.dta. The German Family Panel collects a range of information on the biological children, stepchildren, foster children, and adoptive children of the respondent 7 . In Eventhistory.dta, we provide information on the date of birth, the sex, the identity of the second biological parent, and the residence of each biological child of the respondent. For all other children (step-, foster, and adoptive children), we provide information on their co-residence with the respondent. 7 Information on non-biological children is only available for children who have ever lived in the respondent's household. 2.2 From biochild and biopart to an event history data set In order to facilitate analyses with the partnership and fertility biographies, the German Family Panel data group offers two files that provide fertility and partnership histories (biopart.dta and biochild.dta), as well as the Stata codes that generate these files from the original data (biopart.do and biochild.do 8 ). This means that the fertility and partnership histories are already cleaned to some extent, as the data have already been checked for major inconsistencies (such as cases in which the end of a partnership was dated before the start, or in which the partners' first meeting is dated after they started their relationship). The data are provided in long format, which means that all of the information is stored in one row per partnership or per child. The partners (rows) are ordered according to the stated start date of the relationship, with the last row being the most current partnership. For the fertility history, there is one row for each child ordered according to the birth dates, with the youngest child in the last row. 9 For each child, there is also an additional row for each wave. This format of biochild.dta is referred to as the "long-long" format (Brüderl et al. 2013: 51). These formats have some drawbacks when they are used for joint analyses of fertility and partnership events. In Eventhistory.dta, we address these difficulties. 1. With their wide range of date variables, biopart.dta and biochild.dta are rather complex data sets. Thus, they have to be brought into a spell format before any kind of duration analyses can be conducted. 10 In contrast, Eventhistory.dta features several rows per respondent, with each referring to a specific point in time in the life of the respondent, and showing whether he or she was in a union, cohabitation, or marriage, or was a parent at the respective point in time. One advantage of this format is that it 8 The exact file labels vary depending on wave, release and whether it refers to pairfam or DemoDiff data. 9 Note that respondents were asked to report all the children the respondent ever had. These are defined as all biological children, regardless of whether the respondent ever lived with them or not, and all other children, like adoptive, foster, or stepchildren, provided the respondent has ever lived with them. 10 Spell data sets include a separate episode (row) for each event that occurs in the respondent's biography. These "one row per event" data show all of the specific information for each defined episode in the life course of the respondent. is easy to identify the start and end of partnerships, as well as to consider information on union or cohabitation interruptions (so-called "breaks") and overlapping partnership episodes. This information might otherwise be neglected. 2. Biochild.dta and biopart.dta are stored separately and differently. The long-long format of biochild.dta cannot be used directly for event history analysis. We therefore bring the fertility data from long-long into a long-wide format. 11 The advantage of using this format is that the fertility data are in the same format as the partnership data (biopart.dta). This enables us to merge the fertility with the partnership histories. This step is important, as most fertility analysis is directly connected to the partnership dimension. 3. Respondents without partnership experience and childless persons are not included in biochild.dta or biopart.dta. This is a disadvantage for event history analyses because these estimations refer to a population at risk. If not the entire population is included, censored episodes cannot be taken into account appropriately. One example is the transition to the first birth. Neglecting childless people would lead to an underestimation of the amount of time that elapses until the first birth for the whole population, as censored episodes are not included in the sample. Hence, we include all of the respondents in Eventhistory.dta, not just the ones who have experienced an event. 12 4. Biochild.dta and biopart.dta include imputed date information if the monthly dates are missing, but information on the year is given. These imputations cannot be identified. However, the identification of imputations is important for any kind of analysis, as the results may depend on the imputation mechanism. This appears to be especially important in the context of family dynamics, as events are closely related and often occur within a narrow time frame. We therefore flag cases in which the dates have been imputed in biopart.dta and biochild.dta. These flag variables are denoted with the prefix "IMP" and are coded as (1) in cases in which only information on the year is available, and (2) in cases in which information on the season is 11 After this procedure, we have only one line for each child, and the information from different interview times is stored in separate variables. 12 Technically, we access the original data set anchor1.dta and extract several variables (e.g., the dates of birth and interviews), which otherwise are available only for individuals who had ever reported having children or partnerships. available. 13 The structure of biopart.do implies that these variables had to be introduced for both pairfam and DemoDiff with a modified biopart.do named biopart__IMP.do 14 (see page 6). Imputed date information regarding children is flagged separately for each biological child, 15 and aggregately for non-biological children (i.e., without referring to specific non-biological children). 16 5. In biopart.dta and biochild.dta, no imputation is carried out if the year of the date is missing. These missing dates present difficulties in the event history data, which are based on date information. For example, a missing separation date or interruption date would lead us to assume that the partnership continues, because the data cannot be split at the (unknown) time of separation. We have therefore decided to recode the whole episode to missing if either the start or the end date is missing. Partnership episodes with nonexistent year information are flagged. The time-varying partnership flag variables are denoted with the prefix "FLAG" and are coded as (1) if the start or end date information is missing and (2) if the information on breaks is missing. 17 If at least one year of the birth information for the biological children is missing, the complete ids are tagged. To indicate that year of birth information on children is missing no flag variables are introduced, but the respective variables are coded as (-7) "incomplete information." We consequently set these variables for the whole id, and not just for specific episodes, to (-7). For a full list of the respective variables, see Table 3 in Chapter 4. 13 Biopart.dta offers several flag variables that mark inconsistencies in the partnership history. These variables may tag inconsistencies that caused the imputation procedure because they are generated after the random imputation process. We therefore checked the relevant dates if an imputation took place and recoded the respective dates. 14 Missing month information only occurs in wave 1. Starting with wave 2, respondents could provide only concrete dates. This difference is due to the different interview methods in waves 1 and 2. 15 Specific variables indicate imputations of the date of birth (IMP_dobbiok{1-10}) and death (IMP_dodbiok{1-10}) of a biological child, as well as imputations of the beginning and the end of coresidence (IMP_beglivbiok{1-10}, IMP_endlivbiok{1-10}). 16 IMP_beglivnonbiok, IMP_endlivnonbiok. 17 The time-varying flag variable FLAG_M_UNION marks the episode in which the partnership might have taken place. If the start or end of a union is missing, we flag the period between the known dates with (1) if the missing partnership episode is of a higher order, and from birth onwards if information on the first union is missing. If a union interruption is missing, we flag the respective union with (2). A missing cohabitation episode is flagged for the respective union episode, if it is known (FLAG_M_COHAB). Otherwise, we flag the missing cohabitation for the same episode as the missing union episode. The same strategy is also applied to missing marriage episodes (FLAG_M_MARR). Note to the user: Comparing the datasets by an example id An example id in the appended Excel document "Eventhistory_Example_id.xlsx" shows in what form the biography information is available in biopart.dta and biochild.dta (Table I and Table II) and how it is available in Eventhistory.dta (Table III). The variables are shaded in different colors, which facilitates a comparison of the data structures. 3 Generation of the event history data In the following, we describe in detail how we generate Eventhistory.dta using several data files provided by the German Family Panel data group (see Table 1). Basically this data bases on release 3.1 (pairfam) and release 2.0 (DemoDiff). The essential feature of an event history data set is the time-varying information, which is generated by episode splitting. This "one row per event" format is also known as the "spell data" format. We set the start of the processing time at the birth of the anchor person. As events can only be identified in episodes after the event actually occurred, events that happened in the month of the interview would not be able to be identified if we were to end the processing time in the month of the interview. Thus, we censor episodes one month after the date of the last available interview, which allows us to account for events that happened in the month of the interview. The disadvantage of this procedure is that censored episodes may be overestimated by up to one month each. We describe the editing separately for general information, (3.1) information on the partnership (3.2.), and information on the fertility (3.3) history, as specific strategies apply in each case. 3.1 General time-varying variables We include in the data two general time-varying variables: one that marks the age of the person, and one that marks the timing of the interviews in the histories. Age of anchor The age variable (AGEANC) shows the age (in single years) of the respondent starting from age 14. Timing of interviews The second general time-varying variable marks the timing of the interviews within the individual biographies (INT). INT splits the episode before and after an interview, showing the month of each interview as a separate episode. This makes it easy to match prospective, wave-specific information of the German Family Panel to the relevant episodes. For example, responses from the questionnaires of the anchor, partner, child, or parents can be matched with the information of the respondent to provide a dyadic perspective. Also, it is important to note that all panels, including the German Family Panel, suffer from panel attrition. For several reasons (for example selectivity issues), it might be useful to only include information from specific waves in the analysis. This can be easily done with the variable INT. 3.2 Partnership biography In this section, we describe the union, cohabitation, and marriage information in Eventhistory.dta. First, we explain the structure of the partnership episodes (3.2.1). Second, we focus on the order variables implemented in Eventhistory.dta (3.2.2). Third, we present any additional information that is given on partnership episodes in Eventhistory.dta (3.2.3). 3.2.1 Partnership episodes Pairfam includes information on the partnership episodes of the anchor, and considers eventual temporary disruptions and later reunions with the same partner. Biopart.dta draws on this information by defining the earliest start, most recent ending, and possible interruption dates of the relationships with each partner of the anchor person. Within this concept, the focus is on the earliest start and the most recent ending of a partnership. The information on interruptions (start date and end date of the first break, the second break, the third break, etc.) is stored in separate variables, and is therefore likely to be neglected in analyses. We have decided not to distinguish between temporal and final disruptions in the central partnership variables in Eventhistory.dta, as this means that partnership durations are less likely to be overestimated than with the biopart.dta structure. Referring to the different partnership dimensions in pairfam, we include time-varying partnership variables that indicate whether the respondent was in a union, a cohabitation, or a marriage at the respective points in time. 18 Because we are using the event history approach, we consider only episodes in which both the start and the end date are available. Episodes with missing information are flagged (FLAG) (see Section 2.2). The information on whether and how long the respondent was in a union is stored in a single variable (UNION), which distinguishes between (0) "no union" and (1) "in union." This variable takes the earliest start date and the latest end date of each union, as well as episodes of union interruptions into account. The existence of a union break is indicated by the variable UBREAKORDER. The variable COHAB distinguishes between (0) "not in cohabitation" and (1) "cohabiting". Episodes in which the cohabitation is temporarily disrupted are indicated by CBREAKORDER. The variable MARR has the values (0) "single," (1) "married," or (2) "divorced." There is no information on repeated marriage episodes with the same partner in the retrospective data. The structure is visualized in the Example id (Eventhistory_Example_id.xlsx). Inconsistent partnership episodes Biopart.dta offers four flag variables that mark inconsistencies in the partnership biography. As these consistencies never occur simultaneously in a single episode, we aggregated them in one time-varying variable (BIOPARTFLAG). Inconsistencies are coded to (1) if the marriage starts earlier than the partnership, which refers to the flag variable biopartflag1 in biopart.dta. In biopart.dta, the flag variable biopartflag2 identifies overlapping cohabitation episodes with different partners. In Eventhistory.dta, we do not consider such episodes as inconsistent per se, but include variables that indicate the union or cohabitation order of the simultaneous partner in case of overlapping episodes (UNIONORDER_SIM and COHABORDER_SIM, see Section 3.2.2). With these variables in place, the flag variable biopartflag2 is no longer needed. We have therefore decided to drop this information. Corresponding to 18 Please note that we first had to split each partnership episode, with reference to the duration variables, to generate time-varying partnership variables for each episode. The information of the respective partnership episodes is then concentrated into a few central variables. the variables biopartflag3 and biopartflag4 in biopart.dta, the time-varying flag variable BIOPARTFLAG in Eventhistory.dta has the value (3) if the current marriage started before the previous marriage had been terminated, and the value (4) if the age of the partner had been misreported (being less than 10 years old). We further sought to ensure that inconsistencies are not artificially created in the imputation process of missing month information. With the help of our generated flag variables (IMP*), which mark random imputations in the date variables, we identified these episodes and recoded the respective start and end dates in a manner that eliminated overlapping episodes. 19 Consequently, these episodes are not marked as inconsistent. 3.2.2 Order variables Biopart.dta includes a variable that gives information about the ordering of the different partners according to the start date of the partnerships ("index"). If the start date of a partnership is missing, this variable relies upon the order in which the partnerships were listed during the interview, and assumes this to be the chronologically correct ordering of partnerships. This "index" variable refers to the union dimension. We rely upon this index variable and generate a variable that indicates in a time-varying manner the order of the union partner. UNIONORDER shows the respective order number or has the value (0) "no partner" if no union is ongoing in the respective episode. Additionally, we provide information about the order number of the union partner with whom the respondent cohabited or was married to by the variables UNIONORDER_COHAB and UNIONORDER_MARR. The example id (see Table III in the appended Excel document Eventhistory_Example_id.xlsx) illustrates what the variables look like. As further order variables, we include information about the order of cohabitations and marriages. This information is, for example, essential to an analysis that is restricted to first cohabitations or first marriages. Therefore, we construct indexes for cohabitation and marriage by ordering the data according to the cohabitation and the marriage histories, respectively. 20 In Eventhistory.dta these index variables are time- 19 We assume that this is more likely. In any case, all of the episodes based on imputed dates can be identified with our provided flag variables. 20 While episodes with start dates can be sorted correctly, episodes with missing start dates are problematic because they cannot be taken into account easily. If, for example, the date of the formation of the first household is missing, but the date of the formation of the second household exists, it is possible to assume that the second formation is the first unless effort is applied to sorting varying and labeled COHABORDER and MARRORDER. They refer to the order of domestic partners and spouses (as can be seen from the Example id in Eventhistory_Example_id.xlsx.). Some of the respondents reported having overlapping union and cohabitation episodes. Overlaps can occur during the transition to a new partnership (a partnership starts before the previous one has ended), but can also take place within a partnership (a partnership starts and ends while the previous one lasts). Thus, the variables UNIONORDER_SIM and COHABORDER_SIM indicate overlapping partnership episodes. The main order variables (UNIONORDER, COHABORDER) show the order number of the new partner, while the order number of the previous partner is shown in the UNIONORDER_SIM/ COHABORDER_SIM variable. To ensure that these overlaps are not produced by the random imputation procedure, we checked cases with overlaps and imputations. Episodes are recoded if they have overlaps of less than four months and only information about the season is available, or if they have overlaps of up to 12 months and only yearly information is given. 3.2.3 Further partnership information Homosexuality – a partnership dimension We define homosexuality as a partnership dimension that may vary across different partnerships. The respective variable HOMOSEX indicates for each episode whether the respondent lives in an opposite-sex union (1), in a same-sex union (2), or in no union at all (0). Biopart.dta offers a variable that indicates homosexuality as a time-constant trait. 21 In contrast, we assume homosexuality to be an individual characteristic that may vary across time. 22 out the episodes with the missing dates. If the start dates are missing, we assume that the order in which the cohabitations or marriages were reported in the interview is correct. To consider this order, we ascribed an imputed start date to episodes with missing start dates. Note that the sole purpose of the imputed values is to make the respective episode count, and that it will be recoded to missing afterwards. We imputed the start of the cohabitation or marriage using the date of union formation, if it was not missing as well. Otherwise, we recoded the missing cohabitation start date to the cohabitation end date. If the required information was missing, we ordered the missing dates according to the "index" category. 21 The syntax used to compute the variable is contained in the Stata do file homosex.do. The information on homosexuality is taken from the anchor interview, combining information from waves 1 and 2. The anchor is defined as being homosexual if he or she had a same-sex partner in In order to exemplify the benefits of the variable HOMOSEX, we show the union trajectories of two example ids (Table 1). The original variable "homosex" in biopart.dta categorizes the first example id constantly as homosexual because she is living in a same-sex partnership at the time of interview, even though in the past she had a heterosexual relationship. The second example id has no partnership at the time of interview, but had same-sex as well as opposite-sex unions in the past. As the question about sexual orientation was not answered in the questionnaire by this respondent, the original variable "homosex" in biopart.dta is marked as missing, in contrast to the new variable HOMOSEX. Thus, HOMOSEX emphasizes the sexual practice of a person. Table 2: Definition of homosexual and heterosexual partnerships in Eventhistory.dta Marriage ceremony MARCER shows the type of wedding ceremony for each marriage while it lasts. During unmarried episodes, this variable has the value (-3) "does not apply". Analogous to biopart.dta, we distinguish between having had a civil ceremony (1), a religious and a civil ceremony (2), or only a religious ceremony (3). Please note that the data include the date of marriage formation, but we do not know whether this information refers to the religious or the civil ceremony. wave 2. If the anchor person did not have a same-sex partner in wave 2, information from wave 1 (anchor's reported homosexual preference or a same-sex partnership) was added (Brüderl et al. 2011). 22 We therefore decided to drop the "homosex" variable offered in biopart.dta. Death of a partner DEADPARTNER shows in each time period whether the respondent experienced a partnership that ended through the death of a partner. The variable is either zero for "no death of partner," or shows the order number of the partner who died. If the respondent did not remember the year of death of one partner, the variable has the value (-7) "incomplete information" for the whole id. Matching prospective partner information There is no information on the characteristics of previous partners in the German Family Panel 23 . However, pairfam offers rich information on the partnerships that are ongoing at the time of an interview. Some information is collected through the anchor person and some through the partner questionnaire. We decided to include the partner id in Eventhistory.dta to simplify the matching with the partner data. We included this information in a time-varying way: whenever the anchor person shows an episode in which he or she is in a relationship with a partner who is the current partner in wave 1 or 2, this episode is assigned the partner id of this partner (PID). This is illustrated in the example id's history (Table III in the appended Excel document Eventhistory_Example_id.xlsx). Thus, it is easy to identify for which relationship episodes dyadic analyses can be conducted. 3.3 Fertility biography In this section, we first provide details on the ordering of children in Eventhistory.dta. Second, we explain the generation and content of the variables on the actual fertility history (3.3.2), on episodes of co-residence with children (3.3.3), and on further variables regarding the children of the anchor person (3.3.4). 3.3.1 Ordering of children We order all biological children according to their dates of birth. The birth dates of non-biological children are not considered in the ordering procedure, as we 23 The only information provided is the sex and the relationship of the partner to the children of the anchor person. concentrate on the fertility behavior of the respondents. 24 Thus, order-specific information is available for all biological children. The respective variables carry the letters "BIOK" for "biological kid" in their name. Thus, the order of children in Eventhistory.dta deviates from the ordering in biochild.dta, in which non-biological children are also taken into account when ordering the children. The reordering of children makes it necessary to include a variable that indicates the original number of each biological child, as it is stated in the anchor data set (NUMBERBIOK{1-10}). This time-varying variable works as an identifier and allows to match further child-specific information from other pairfam data sets. Second, if respondents have children with missing year-of-birth information, these children cannot be ordered. The denoting of childless episodes and the correct ordering of biological children are therefore not possible in these cases 25 . Thus, if at least one of the biological children has a missing year of birth, the whole fertility biography of the respondent is flagged as incomplete (see section 2.2). These respondents should not be considered in family-related analyses. The respective temporary variable "FLAG_M_bio_dobk" indicates incomplete fertility biographies. In the final Eventhistory.dta, several variables have the value (-7) "incomplete information" whenever the fertility biography of the person is incomplete (see Table 8). 3.3.2 Fertility episodes Fertility episodes refer to the timing of the births of biological children. Thus, our central fertility variable is the age of the biological children of the respondent. AGEBIOK{1-10} shows the age of the respective child in each episode, starting nine months prior to the date of birth (pregnant (1)) 26 . Thereafter, the episodes are split at 24 For practical reasons, we have assigned non-biological children imputed birth dates that order them after all of the biological children. These dates are later recoded to -3. 25 In contrast, in biochild.dta children with missing information on their year of birth are placed after all of the children with known dates of birth. The advantage of this procedure is that other childspecific information still is available, even though the year of birth is not. Fertility analysis is usually strongly dependent on the reliable ordering of children. This is why we have decided that it would not be appropriate to randomly choose an adapted ordering or to rely on the order in which the children were reported during the interview, as we did in the case of missing dates in the partnership biography. 26 The duration of pregnancy is a proxy (nine months prior to date of birth) and does not rely on any stated date of conception by the respondent. As pregnancies sometimes end earlier than after nine months, the duration is overestimated in this data set. The lack of exact information of conceptions each birthday of the child (zero years old (2), one year old (3), and so on). Childless episodes are coded as (0). Respondents with missing birth year information in any of the children's years of birth are coded as (-7) "incomplete information." We provide a further variable that indicates the age of the youngest child of the respondent for each episode (AGEBIOK_YNG). 3.3.3 Episodes of living with children Information on the episodes during which the anchor person lived or did not live with children is surveyed differently in waves 1 and 2. In wave 1, respondents were asked to list all previous episodes of co-residence if they were not living with the respective child at the time of interview. If the respondent and his/her child co-resided at the time of interview, only the starting date of co-residence was surveyed. That means that interruption dates were not reported. This results in disparate retrospective data on co-residence with children. Starting with wave 2, no information on the dates when children move in or out is being collected. Instead, the survey only shows whether children are currently living in the anchor's household. Apart from that, no information on cohabitation episodes of dead children is included in biochild.dta. Due to these restrictions, we had to make several assumptions about the cohabitation history of the anchor with biological and non-biological children. 27 further leads to the fact that we only consider terminated pregnancies. If respondents state that they are pregnant during the latest interview this is not considered in Eventhistory.dta. 27 1. Cohabitation breaks with children are only available for a selective group of respondents, which is why we only consider the first reported episode of living together with each child of all of the respondents. 2. Deceased children were living with the anchor person from the date of birth until the date of death. 3. Children who were living with the anchor person in wave 1 had not moved out between the date when they first moved in and the date of the first interview. 4. Children who were not living with the anchor person in wave 1 had lived with the anchor person only once before the first interview. After wave 1, prospective data provide information about further episodes of co-residing with children. 5. Respondents with children born after wave 1 who were living with these children at the time of the second interview had been living with these children since birth. 6. Respondents with children born after wave 1 who were not co-residing with these children in wave 2 had never co-resided with these children. 7. Non-biological children who were first reported in the second interview and who were living with the respondent at the time of the second interview had moved in with the respondent in the month of second interview. Based on these assumptions (and reported dates), LIVBIOK{1-10} shows for each episode whether the respondent is living with a specific biological child (1) or not (0). Respondents with missing information on the year of the beginning or ending of coresidence are coded as "incomplete information" (-7). LIVKIDS is the only variable that contains information on non-biological children. It shows for each episode, independent of the order of the children, whether the respondent shares a household with biological children only (1), with non-biological children only (2), with both biological and non-biological children (3), or with no children at all (0). This variable also shows whether there is missing information on co-residence with children (-7). The example id (see Table III in the appended Excel document Eventhistory_Example_id.xlsx) illustrates what the variables on coresidence with biological and non-biological children look like. 3.3.4 Further information Death of a child DEADBIOK shows in each time period whether the respondent experienced a death of a biological child. The variable is either (0) "no child died" or shows the order number of the biological child who died. If the respondent does not remember the year of the death of a child, the variable has the value (-7) "incomplete information" for the whole id. Sex of a child BIOSEXK{1-10} shows the sex of each biological child from the time the child was conceived (nine months prior to birth). Order of surveyed child As described, the ordering of children in Eventhistory.dta deviates from the ordering in biochild.dta (see Section 3.2.2). This means that we have to adapt the categories of the variable that shows the order number of the surveyed child (named surveykid in 8. Children who had moved out after the first interview moved out in the month of the second interview. biochild.dta). CAPIBIOK shows the Eventhistory.dta order of the biological child, which was surveyed via the children's questionnaire. The variable has the value (-3) "does not apply" in pre-conception episodes, and the value (-7) "incomplete data" if the fertility biography is incomplete. Partner order of second biological parent The variable pno in biochild.dta is recoded because the categories deviate from the partner ordering in Eventhistory.dta. 28 The variable indicates the partner who is the second biological parent. In Eventhistory.dta, the variable UNIONORDER_BIOK{110} shows for each biological child the partner order number of the second biological parent. If the second biological parent is not reported in the partnership history, this is marked as (97) "another person." Again the variable has the value (-3) "does not apply" in episodes in which the child has not yet been conceived, and the value (-7) "incomplete data" if the fertility biography is incomplete. For the example id (Table III in the appended Excel document Eventhistory_Example_id.xlsx), we see that UNIONORDER_BIOK1 shows that the third partner is the second biological parent of the first biological child. 29 28 In pairfam has the value zero when the current partner of wave 1 is the second biological parent of a respective child. Starting with wave 2, the current partner who had also been the current partner in the previous wave is assigned the number one; the current new partner, the number two; and partners who had been partners between two interviews are assigned the numbers three, four, five, etc. (Brüderl et al. 2013). These differences in coding between waves 1 and 2 also appear to suggest that a lot of respondents reported in wave 2 that none of the stated partners, but rather "another person," is the second biological parent of the child. In fact, the response of "another person" in wave 2 means that no current partner or partner from a relationship that took place between waves 1 and 2 is the second biological parent. In Eventhistory.dta, we show one consistent variable that has the running partner number for the second parent. However, for children born before wave 1, we only account for the information given in wave 1. Information on the second biological parent given in wave 2 is only used for children born after wave 1. Thus, we do not consider revisions of the respondents regarding this information. 29 Incidentally, the example id (see Excel table Eventhistory_Example_id_xlsx in the appendix) is one of the rare cases that involve a revision of the respondent between the two waves (see Footnote 24). For wave 1, it is reported that "the current partner in wave 1" is the second biological parent of the first child. In contrast, it is reported for wave 2 that "another person" is the second parent, even though the respondent's current partner in wave 1 was still the current partner of the respondent (see Table II). In order to limit the coding complexity, we accept this kind of potential misreporting and assume that the third partner is the second biological parent, as was stated in wave 1 (see Table III). 4 Recommendations and summary 4.1 Recommendations In Table 3 we list the generated flag variables, and provide recommendations about whether to drop or to keep flagged individuals or episodes. An episode or respondent is either flagged by a separate flag variable or by a separate category in a respective event variable. In the latter case, we follow the flagging strategy of biopart.dta and biochild.dta and use (-7) as the flag category for missing information. We distinguish three different kinds of flagged information: First, variables can mark missing information. We distinguish between completely missing dates and missing dates that have been imputed in biochild.dta or biopart.dta. If the information on the date of birth is completely missing, not only are selected episodes flagged, but all of the parity-specific information is marked as (-7) "incomplete information," as in these cases no correct ordering of children is possible. If the year of co-residence with a specific child is missing, the co-residential biography with the respective child is coded as (-7). If the date of death of any child or any partner is missing, the respective variables (DEADBIOK and DEADPARTNER) are set to (-7) for the whole id. If at least the year of an event is available, the date is imputed. Variables that mark such imputed missing information have the prefix "IMP" and distinguish between whether (1) "only season information" or (2) "only year information" was given in the interview. Second, we flag inconsistencies in the data. BIOPARTFLAG refers to different inconsistency flags of biopart.dta. It marks episodes that are probably misstated. Biopart.dta also defines cohabitation episode overlaps as inconsistent. We mark these episodes with the variable COHABORDER_SIM. The variable shows not only whether an overlap exists, but also with whom the respondent reported cohabiting simultaneously. As it is not clear whether these overlaps are due to a misstatement of the dates, we do not define them as inconsistent per se. Similarly, partnership episodes may overlap, which is indicated in the variable UNIONORDER_SIM. Third, the flag variables mark episodes that can contradict general assumptions about fertility and partnership behavior. Same-sex unions should be dropped if theoretical assumptions rely on opposite-sex unions. The death of a partner can be mistakenly interpreted as a separation if the respective flag variable DEADPARTNER is not taken into account. The variables that show the age and co-residence of a child do not mark the child's death. Thus, we would have assumed the child was getting older if we had not considered the flag variable DEADBIOK. Similarly, we might have incorrectly assumed that co-residence with a child ended with the child moving out, instead of with his or her death. Thus, DEADBIOK needs to be taken into account in the respective analyses. Table 3 is constructed in the following way. In the first column, the variable's label or the relevant category is listed. The second column defines what is flagged by the respective variables or categories. The third column contains an explanation of the consequences if the flag variable is ignored. In the fourth column, a recommendation is provided for cases in which the flagged information is sensitive for the analysis. Table 3: Overview of flag variables and possible applications The fourth column further mentions whether the respective episode or the whole individual should be dropped. 30 The problematic episode can be excluded from the analysis by dropping the flagged episode. For variables that mark imputed dates in the union or cohabitation biography, it is important to consider the break information because imputations are not flagged during union or cohabitation breaks. 30 The problematic individual can be excluded from analysis by using the following command: . Sort id . by id: egen NewVariable=max(FlagVariable) . drop if NewVariable=[problematic value] For more information, please see the do files of the example analyses (especially Eventhistory_Example_analysis2.do). 4.2 Summary With Eventhistory.do, we provide a syntax that facilitates the use of the rich biographic information in pairfam. The attached STATA do file Eventhistory.do enables the pairfam user to generate the event history data set Eventhistory.dta, which contains the fertility and partnership biographies of the first three waves of the German Family Panel pairfam (release 3.1) and the first two waves of DemoDiff (release 2.0). Referring to the original data sets and the syntaxes, the do file Eventhistory.do transforms the fertility and partnership information into spell data. The structure of Eventhistory.dta is "one row per event." All of the relevant information is considered in time-varying variables. Eventhistory.dta also includes individuals without children or partnership experience in the data - the so-called "risk population". Furthermore, Eventhistory.dta enables the pairfam user to identify date information that was imputed in biochild.dta or biopart.dta. Thus, the data are very flexible and ready to be used. The pairfam user can easily conduct empirical analyses on a wide range of research topics. With Eventhistory.dta fertility and partnership behavior can be easily explored by applying empirical methods like event history or sequence analyses. Eventhistory.dta might not be appropriate for every research question concerning fertility and partnership behavior because information on specific children is only available for biological children of the anchor person. Eventhistory.dta can be matched to further information on the anchor person, his or her children, his or her parents, and his or her partners by their respective personal identifiers. Eventhistory.dta was developed as part of the authors' dissertation. We plan to include in a future version information on the employment biographies of the respondents. The use of data generated by Eventhistory.do should be indicated in your work by citing this report. We accept no responsibility for errors that may have arisen during the coding procedures. Please contact the authors if you have any questions. 5 Examples of analyses In order to illustrate how Eventhistory.dta may be used, we provide two examples of event history analyses. 31 The first example (see Eventhistory_Example_analysis1.do) describes the transition to the first union. The process of first union formation is a central event during adolescence for young men and women. We show in KaplanMeier survival estimates the percentage of males and females who experience a first union between the ages of 14 and 24. In this example, we draw special attention to the use of flag variables. The second example (see Eventhistory_Example_analysis2.do) focuses on the transition to a partnership separation after the first child is born. The stability of couples with children is of central concern because it has a strong impact on the living conditions of parents and children. The subject of the analyses requires that the population at risk is restricted to parents; childless episodes are excluded. We consider only individuals who were in a union at the time they had their first child, because they make up the population who are at direct risk of separation after childbirth. In addition to these basic and necessary restrictions, we can apply more rigorous restrictions. The usefulness of such restrictions depends on the specific research question and its theoretical framing. In this example, we want to emphasize different levels of analysis restrictions. Again, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates are shown, and time-varying effects are also visualized. In this example, we also show the options offered by Eventhistory.dta for selecting specific populations for analyses. The STATA do files of both examples are appended to the technical report. 5.1 Transition to the first union To model the transition to the first union (see the appended file Eventhistory_Example_analysis1.do) we use Eventhistory.dta. As a first step, we define the start of the process time. We want to start the modeling with age 14, but we 31 We cannot provide a full explanation of applied event history methods here. For an introduction to event history techniques, please see Blossfeld/Golsch/Rohwer (2007). also want to consider union experience before age 14. We therefore assign a very short process time to respondents who had already had a union before age 14. Afterwards, the episodes prior to age 14 are dropped. This allows us to distinguish sex differences at the initial level from those that occur after age 14 in the observation period. We then adjust the survival time variables START and END to the observation start (age 14). The event is defined as the date of the formation of the first union. We drop episodes after the transition to the first union, because the respective persons are then no longer at risk. Additionally, we drop episodes of higher order unions. The episode is censored if the person has not formed a union by age 24. Further, it is censored at the time of the second interview (or at the time of the first interview if the person did not participate in wave 2). Figure 2 shows the results of the Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for males and females. The results of the dashed lines include persons with a missing union formation date. These are considered as censored episodes. Individuals with a missing first union are included in the data until either the time of the interview, age 24, or the formation of a subsequent union. As a consequence, the survival curve may be overestimated. The continuous lines show the transition to the first union only for persons with known dates; that is, after the individuals with missing first union formation dates have been dropped. We see that the omission of these individuals leads to a slightly lower survival curve. Women and men show similar shares of first unions before age 14. However, women between the ages of 16 and 19 are more likely than men to transition into a first union. Men catch up later, but still lag behind slightly at age 24. 5.2 Transition to a separation after the first childbirth In this example (see Eventhistory_Example_analysis2.do), we again use Eventhistory.dta. We generate a variable that indicates whether a person has a partner at the time his or her first child is born. We keep only persons who are at risk of experiencing the event in question (basic restrictions). In the second step, we seek to clean our sample of potential inconsistencies due to the random imputation of missing months. A missing month is imputed if the date information is restricted to the season or the year of the event. Imputations have been flagged. These imputed dates can influence our results because the union status at the first birth may be unclear. A very rigorous option would be to drop all persons with imputed months from the observation. But this strategy could lead to a bias in the results, as it is possible that separated people, in particular, did not give exact monthly information about their former partner. We would then have overestimated the stability of the partnership. Alternatively, we can check whether the imputed birth date of the first child and the union formation and separation dates occurred in a time range that makes it likely that the union status at birth is not clear. We have chosen this option because it minimizes the possibility of a bias arising in the results. To check the time range, we generate flag variables that indicate the union duration until the first birth and the union duration after the first birth. Individuals should be dropped from analysis if the time range is less than 12 months in imputed cases in which only information on the year is available, and if the time range is less than four months in cases in which information on the season is also available (Please see the attached file Eventhistory_Example_analysis2.do for more detailed information). In the third step, we outline some of the restrictions that might be necessary, depending on the research question. 1. SEX: Fertility analyses are usually concentrated on women because their fertility history is assumed to be more reliable. If you wish to restrict the analysis to females, males can be dropped. 2. AGE AT FIRST BIRTH: A very young age at first birth can refer to a selective life course. Furthermore, outliers can bias the model results. It might therefore be useful to restrict the population at risk to a defined time frame. We have decided to drop individuals who were under age 18 when they had their first child. 3. HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION: Some theoretical frameworks rely on the household dimension when defining the family, while other focus on the "classical" family, which consists of a co-residing biological family. With our data set, it is possible to identify individuals who o do not co-reside with their child or their partner, o also live with non-biological children in the household, and o have a partner who is not the second biological parent of the child. 4. HOMOSEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS: The family formation patterns of people with a same-sex partner differ from those of opposite-sex couples. It can be assumed that their family life is selected, which might affect partnership stability. 5. MULTIPLE PARTNERSHIPS: Some people have simultaneous partnership episodes with different partners. These multiple partnerships should be considered for analysis. Selected individuals reported having more than one partner when they had their first child. We have decided to drop these persons from the sample. These aspects represent only a selection of possible forms of information that may be considered for sample restriction. They rely on Eventhistory.dta, but it is possible to take into account information from the anchor, partner, or child data by merging the data sets through the respective id variables. We demonstrate the merging strategy by adding the anchor data to the event history data set. We have decided to keep just the information on the birth cohorts in the data, but in general it is possible to include other time-constant determinants in the manner presented. Members of the youngest cohort were born between 1991 and 1993. We have decided to drop this cohort because of their young ages. In the final sample, we have 2,031 mothers and 304 separations. The total analysis time at risk amounts to 133,776. After the restriction procedure, we adjust the survival time variables START and END to the observation start (date of birth of the first child). The event is defined as the date of the first union dissolution after childbirth. We drop episodes after the transition to a separation because the respective persons are then no longer at risk. The event is censored if the person does not experience a union dissolution by the time the child reaches age eight. Further, it is censored at the time of the second interview (or at the time of the first interview if the person did not participate in wave 2) or in case of the partner's death. Figure 3 shows the transition to a separation after the first childbirth for the period from the birth of the first child until age eight in the Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. These estimates show the proportion of the women who remain partnered during the observation period. We distinguish between women who were married when they had their first child and those who were not. The results show that women who were married when they had their first child were less likely to have experienced a separation: 14 percent of the married women separated from their partners in the first eight years after they gave birth, compared to 35 percent of unmarried women. The illustration with Kaplan-Meier estimates is restricted to time-constant covariates. Figure 4 therefore refers to the marital status at a single time point: the time of the first childbirth. But it is possible to question how marital status affects the risk of separation by also considering marriages that took place after a couple's first child was born. We illustrate the effect of marital status if it is considered time-varyingly in a piecewise constant exponential model (further information is available from the file Eventhistory_Example_analysis2.do). Figure 4 shows that, when marriages after the birth of the first child are also considered, being married has a positive effect on union stability compared to being unmarried. The risk of separation remains stable for married women in the observation period. Being unmarried is related to a considerable decrease in stability, except in the fourth to fifth year after family formation. Thus, as differences in the level of union stability by marital status increase after childbirth, a time-constant consideration of the marital status at childbirth would underestimate the impact of marriage within the regarded period. 6 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Michaela Kreyenfeld, Rainer Walke, Tom Hensel, Rüdiger Lenke and Daniel Fuß for their valuable suggestions on the syntax and this report. 7 References Blossfeld, Hans-Peter/Golsch, Katrin/Rohwer; Götz (2007): Event History Analysis with Stata. Mahwah (NJ): Erlbaum. Brüderl, Josef/Hajek, Kristin/Huyer-May, Bernadette/Ludwig, Volker/Müller, Bettina/Müller, Ulrike/Passet, Jasmin/Pforr, Klaus/Scholten, Mirte/ Schütze, Philipp/Schumann, Nina (2013): pairfam Data Manual. Release 4.0. University of Munich. Huinink, Johannes/Brüderl, Josef/Nauck, Bernhard/Walper, Sabine/Castiglioni, Laura/Feldhaus, Michael (2011): Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam): Conceptual framework and design. In: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung/Journal of Family Research, 23, 1, S. 77-101. Kreyenfeld, Michaela/Walke, Rainer/Salzburger, Veronika/Schnor, Christine/Bastin, Sonja/Kuhnt, Anne-Kristin (2011): DemoDiff – Wave 1. Supplement to the pairfam data manual. Rostock: MPIDR (MPIDR Technical Report 2011-014). Nauck, Bernhard/Brüderl, Josef/Huinink, Johannes/Walper, Sabine (2012): Beziehungsund Familienpanel (pairfam). GESIS Datenarchiv, Köln. ZA5678 Datenfile Version 3.0.0, doi:10.4232/pairfam.56188.8.131.52. StataCorp. (2009): Stata Statistical Software: Release 11. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP. 8 Annex [x] Eventhistory.do (STATA file) [x] Eventhistory_ReadMe.txt [x] Eventhistory _Example id.xlsx (Excel file) [x] Eventhistory _Example_analysis_1.do (STATA file) [x] Eventhistory _Example_analysis_2.do (STATA file) [x] biopart_PF.do (STATA file) [x] biopart_PF_IMP.do (STATA file) [x] biopart_DD.do (STATA file) [x] biopart_DD_IMP.do (STATA file) [x] List of variables included in Eventhistory.dta (see table IV below) Table IV: List of variables included in Eventhistory.dta within one union 1 1st union break 2 2 nd spouse nd break episode	<urn:uuid:bb80255f-e066-42c4-860f-350d861350a4>	CC-MAIN-2024-22	https://www.pairfam.de/fileadmin/user_upload/redakteur/publis/Dokumentation/TechnicalPapers/pairfam_TP_03.pdf	2024-05-25T07:44:52+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-22/subset=warc/part-00083-4dd72944-e9c0-41a1-9026-dfd2d0615bf2.c000.gz.parquet	793,353,260	14,573	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.921094	eng_Latn	0.996545	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 528, 2585, 2604, 3031, 5616, 7927, 9573, 11976, 13936, 15481, 18103, 20705, 23858, 25725, 27787, 30485, 33253, 35918, 37523, 39513, 42467, 45324, 47194, 50345, 52814, 53680, 54341, 56565, 58723, 60551, 62019, 64599, 66204, 67391, 68114, 69199, 69257, 69295, 69312, 69316, 69331 ]
2017 YEAR END REPORT Every Second, Every Day, We Are Here For You! Introduction The Hendricks County Communications Center completed its eleventh full year of operation in 2017, to the 23 Public Safety Agencies and the citizens of Hendricks County. The Center began operations in July of 2007. The completion of the consolidated center, as it's comprised of today, consisting of all four previous PSAPs was completed in September 2007. This was made possible by the overwhelming support of our two partners, the Integrated Public Safety Commission (IPSC) who provides our radio and data communications, and Marion County's Public Safety Communications (PSC) which provides Computer Aid Dispatch, Mobile Data, Paging, and Police/Fire Records Systems. On August 1, 2009, The Hendricks County Communications Center was certified as an accredited Communications Agency, one of two in the State of Indiana. The Year End Report provides information regarding the operations of the Hendricks County Communications Center. These reports are required by Accreditation Standards and are published for public view. As the Center continues to move forward and learn about opportunities to best serve the public, the annual report will continue to provide direction to all those involved in the efforts of the Center. Multi-Year Plan Long Term Goals and Operational Objectives CALEA Standard: 1.2.3, 1.2.5, 1.2.6, 1.2.8, 1.2.9A&E, 5.1.1C, 6.1.5D, 6.7.2 GOAL: Improve Training Program The Center has adopted the APCO training programs for use of all employees. Currently we have 7 employees who are instructors in the various APCO training courses. There are 19 employees who are APCO Certified Training Officers. OBJECTIVES: Develop training plan and timetable to ensure that all employees are trained in the four major APCO components; Public Safety Telecommunicators, Emergency Medical Dispatch, Law Enforcement Communications and Fire Communications. Maintain all necessary certifications and provide in-house training for recertification. All employees completed the APCO Fire Class 2 nd Edition. In addition to our core training 2017 we will continue to focus on Customer Service and Management Leadership. We continually strive to improve the education of our Communications Officers. GOAL: New Facility The Communications Center has outgrown the current facility. The Plainfield Police Department is in the planning stage to expand their facility due in part to replace the area they lost when the communications center was established in their facility. The current facility is deficient in administrative work space. The new facility needs to be designed against weather hazards that are common in this region. * This deficiency was noted in the consultant's report. * In 2013, the Governing Board contracted with public safety consulting firm IXP of Princeton NJ. IXP was asked to review the Centers policies/operations to ensure that the Center was operating in the most efficient manner; with projecting future costs and needs; and assisting the Board in with developing long range goals for the Center. OBJECTIVES: The Town of Plainfield is in the process of renovating the current Fire Headquarters to accommodate the Communications Center. The first phase is to move the dispatch center to the remodeled facility in the summer of 2016. The second phase will be moving the administrative offices of communications to the new facility in the second quarter of 2017 after the new Fire Headquarters has been completed. Completed GOAL: New Computer Aid Dispatch and Mobile Data System The Communications Center has been partnered with Marion County Public Safety Communications Agency (PSC) since our inception in 2007 we have been using their Tiburon CAD. The last four years PSC has been working to replace the Tiburon CAD originally installed in 1992. In 2017 PSC signed an agreement with Motorola Solutions to implement the Premier One CAD system as the new CAD for both counties. Motorola Solutions will also provide a new mobile data system for Police and Fire Agencies. Ongoing expected completion second quarter 2019 GOAL: New Police Records System The Communications Center has been partnered with Marion County Public Safety Communications Agency (PSC) since our inception in 2007 we have been using their Tiburon police and then the InterAct Police Records System. Both of the counties have outgrown the capabilities of those systems. With the implementation of the new CAD a new Police and Fire Records system needs to be purchased. PSC is in current negotiations with vendors on these systems. Ongoing expected completion fourth quarter 2019 GOAL: New Computer based Emergency Medical protocol method for CAD The Communications Center has always used a flip card system for medical protocols for Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD). With the implementation of the new CAD system we want to integrate a software based approach to more effectively and efficiently prioritize Emergency Medical Calls. Once implemented, this will allow for better records keeping, and quality assurance. Budgeting in 2018 for a second quarter 2019 implementation. GOAL: Mobile Command Post Hendricks County has a need for a Mobile Command Post to be sent directly to the scene of significant events. In addition this vehicle will be used at events needing on the scene coordination such as festivals, and large gatherings of visitors to Hendricks County. OBJECTIVE: Establish a Committee to specify the design and capability of the vehicle. Funding of the vehicle, it is expected that the cost of this vehicle will be spread across several budget cycles. GOAL – Expand Quality Assurance Program to include Fire incidents. The Center Q/A program currently reviews and grades Police and Emergency Medical. The Employee evaluations are directly tied to the Q/A. Ongoing Anticipated Workload and Population Trends CALEA Standard 1.2.8, 1.2.9B, 6.7.2 In 2017, Hendricks County responded to 152,721 police incidents, an increase of only 0.1% and 15,270 fire/ems incidents, an increase of 2.7%, for a total of 167,991 incidents. This essentially matches last year's number as this a total increase of only 0.3% (2016: 167,429). This is an increase of 3.35% when compared to the previous 5 year average. PHONE ACTIVITY: \| \| 2017 Call Count by Quarter: \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| Q1 \| Q2 \| Q3 \| Q4 \| \| Emergency \| \| 12,506 \| 15,320 \| 4,883 \| 13,331 \| \| Non-Emergency \| \| 31,673 \| 35,701 \| 37,029 \| 30,966 \| \| Total \| \| 44,179 \| 51,021 \| 51,912 \| 44,300 \| \| \| Percentage of Change from Prior Year: \| Q1 \| Q2 \| Q3 \| Q4 \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Emergency \| \| <0.1% \| 0.6% \| -6.2% \| -12.4% \| \| Non-Emergency \| \| -8.3% \| 15.9% \| -6.05% \| -13.3% \| \| Total \| \| -6.1% \| 11.5% \| -6.1% \| -13% \| These numbers are reported from Vesta Analytics, a product of AT&T, which is our 911 Telephony System. Our totals for the year fluctuated more than in recent past. The quarterly counts were pulled from ECaTs (Emergency Call Tracking System) as well. And while there was a small discrepancy regarding the total number of calls, it did reflect the same quarterly pattern. TexTTY: Being in our second year of using TexTTY (text to 911), the Center has become that much more familiar with it and found it as a helpful resource in a number of different incidents. There were a total of 2718 outbound conversations, compared to 2661 last year conversations, and additional 158 Inbound (last year: 112). While relatively small in number, this is an 18% increase and it is anticipated that these numbers will increase rapidly over the coming years, as this program becomes more known and the increasing rate of texting preference to a voice call. Anticipated Personnel Levels CALEA Standard 1.2.8, 1.2.9C, 6.7.2 Hendricks County remains the 10 th largest county in the State, and the growth rate continues to be in the State's top 5. As the population of the county has breached the 160,000 mark, all estimates anticipate continued growth as the county has had an annual growth rate of 10.11% since 2010. Throughout the year, we analyze our staffing levels and workloads and have not accounted for the need to alter our numbers on the Dispatch Floor at this time. However, employee activity continues to climb, as job functions and customer service expectations continue to rise. As a result the Town of Plainfield has hired an outside vendor as a consultant to review our manpower deployments and make recommendations on staffing levels. The vendor will make recommendations on methods to reduce stress in the working environment. It is well documented that stress and job turnover is a continuing issue in this line of work. As for technical assistance, we continue to rely upon the assistance of a part-time employee to fulfill this need. This employee continued to apply critical hours (934 hrs) in 2017 on various key projects, such as the Radio Project and Radio Inventory. With the number of projects that the Center undertook and plan to move forward with, we continue to rely on this position. The current authorized strength is 38 Full Time and 10 Part Time personnel. Full staffing for the Operations Division is 4 Shift Supervisors, 4 Assistant Supervisors, 26 Communication Officers (6 per shift plus 2 tac-shift). 4 Personnel are assigned to the Administrative Division. There has been an ongoing focus on the concept of retention in recent years. This was approached from different angles and in conjunction with the efforts of the Town's HR Department; revisiting our training of new employees and continued education for the current employees, accounting for the employee environment/equipment with the move to our new facility, meeting with a peer group to improve on various aspects and to get a better perspective of those working on the Floor. 2015 - End of the Year Staffing: 29 - Full-Time Positions Allowed: 34 - Resignations: 7 - Retired: 1 - Dismissals: 4 - Hired: 11 - Turnover rate = 41.4% (differs slightly from 2015 report due to different calculation methods) 2016 - Staffing at Beginning of the Year: 30 (individual's hire date was Jan. 2 nd ) - Full-Time Positions Allowed: 34 - End of the Year Staffing: 31 - Resignations: 7 - Dismissals: 3 - Retired: 0 - Hired: 11 - Turnover rate = 32.3% 2017 - Full-Time Positions Allowed: 34 - Staffing at Beginning of the Year: 32 - Resignations: 4 - End of the Year Staffing: 32 - Retired: 2 Dismissals: 0 - - Hired: 6 - Turnover rate = 18.75% - A positive difference of 13.6% Behind the numbers for 2017: . Resignations (4): - 2 of these individuals were having significant issues completing the first skill set of Call Taking and opted to resign - The other 2 individuals had completed 3 of the 5 skillsets and resigned in their first year Retired (2): - Two (2) retired o One (1) hired in 1991 from Danville PSAP and consolidated into HCCC o One (1) hired in 2005 from Plainfield PSAP and consolidated into HCCC Hired (6): - Two (2) with prior experience in a Dispatch Center - One (1) with limited experience in Public Safety - Three (3) with no prior experience with Dispatch Center or Public Safety Anticipated Capital Improvements and Equipment Needs CALEA Standard 1.2.8, 1.2.9D&E, 6.7.2 Replace Elevator in Communications facility: The current handicapped lift is antiquated and not upgradable. Timeline: 2017-2018 Cost: $350,000 Communication/Command Vehicle: As we are discussing long range financing there is a need for this type of vehicle. Currently we are using suitcase to set up a command post. Timeline: 2018 – 2023 Cost: $400,000 Facility Improvements: Timeline: 2018 – 2019 Cost: $54,000 Priority Dispatch Emergency Medical: With the implementation of the new CAD system we would like to automate the EMD procedure. Timeline: 2019-2020 Cost: $152,000 Priority Dispatch Police: With the implementation of the new CAD system we would like to automate the Police Call Taking procedure. Timeline: 2020-2021 Cost: $125,000 Priority Dispatch Emergency Medical: With the implementation of the new CAD system we would like to automate the EMD procedure. Timeline: 2020-2021 Cost: $111,000 Required Reports Risk Management Program CALEA Standard 1.2.1D, 1.2.3, 1.2.8, 2.2.5, 6.7.2 An annual review of the Risk Management program was conducted on January 8, 2018. The annual OSHA Form 300A report was posted 1/30/18. For 2017, all OSHA requirements have been met including the required annual fire extinguisher training. As an emergency communications center, every call into the Center has the potential for liability. It is critical that Communications Officers accurately record the location and nature of each incident in order to send the appropriate personnel for response. The Center did encounter 15 incidents of improper location during the past year, up 1 from 2016. Employees are constantly reminded of the importance in getting this information correct and each position has been supplied with a pre-shift plan as a reminder of the specialized duties at each console. Employees that are involved in incidents resulting in improper locations have been advised and disciplined as an attempt to avoid such occurrences in the future. The liability policy for the Center is provided by Havens-Wiggins Insurance through the Town of Plainfield. The coverage was reviewed by the Director and John Wiggins of Havens-Wiggins Insurance in January 2017 and found to provide comprehensive coverage for the Center. Component Goals and Objectives CALEA Standard 1.2.3, 1.2.5, 1.2.6, 1.2.8, 1.2.9E, 5.1.1C, 6.7.2 Continuing Education – GOAL: The Center has established APCO as the training standard for Hendricks County. We are also looking into specialized training such as active shooter, advanced fire, critical incident management, suicide intervention and communications unit leader training. OBJECTIVES: Set training schedules for 2017-18, certify trainers locally to provide training, ensure all records are completed and look to additional areas for specialized training. Status: Ongoing CAD System – GOAL: Replace current Computer Aid Dispatch, Mobile Data, Police and Fire Records System. The Center has partnered with Public Safety Communications (formerly MECA) to utilize Marion County's CAD, Mobile Data, Police and Fire Records since 2007. Hendricks County Communications Center will continue to partner with Marion County with the implementation of the new Tri-Tech systems in 2016-2017. OBJECTIVE: Install, test, and implement the new CAD, Data and records system in 2017 into 2019. Dispatch Procedures – GOAL: Implement Police and Fire Guide Cards The Center currently utilizes APCO EMD Guide Cards to provide guidance on Emergency Medical Dispatch incidents. We are expanding this program to include Police and Fire incidents, to also involve our Quality Assurance program. In addition, this is a requirement towards APCO Project 33 Certification which we are committed to pursuing. OBJECTIVE: Complete implementation in 2018. Annual Review of Specialized Assignments CALEA Standard 1.2.8, 1.3.3A-C, 1.3.4, 6.7.2 The Hendricks County Communications Center currently has a position listed as Specialized Assignments. This is the Communications Training Officer/APCO Instructor. These positions require advanced training and are in addition to the normal duties of the employee. Communications Training Officer and Instructor - The purpose of this position is to provide basic training for newly hired employees and remedial training to all other employees as needed. The need for this position comes from the fact that all employees of the Center need to receive thorough, comprehensive training prior to being released to work on their own within the Center. Since the Center has adopted the APCO standards for basic training, the Communications Training Officers and the Communication Training Instructors are to be APCO certified in order to provide the initial training. Annual Internal Affairs Summary CALEA Standard 1.2.3, 1.2.8, 1.4.11, 6.7.2 The 2017 Internal Affairs Statistical Summary is provided to show the number of complaints and investigations conducted on the employees of the Center and the Hendricks County Communications Center. This information is helpful to the administration in determining the public's perception of the agency and to point out areas of training that would be of value. In 2017 we did not have any investigations. Liability Incident Reports Analysis CALEA Standard 1.2.8, 6.7.2 Notification to the Administration throughout the year on potential liability issues is done primarily through the Guardian Tracking system as it serves as a personnel early warning system, while also tracking of incident that are potentially libelous to the Center. There were 30 items handled through the disciplinary system and it should be noted that none of the events resulted in any major problems. An analysis of this information shows that improper locations are a major concern for liability. In addition to the QAs and the Incorrect Location Policy, it is believed that we have accounted for this issue with adequate attention. In addition, another concern is Incorrect Event Code Types. This involves the interpreting the need of the caller/situation and creating an incident in CAD. Should the Code Type not accurately portray the issue, incorrect response from public safety follows and has to be corrected on the back-end. There were fifteen (15) documented cases of this, and appropriate corrective action took place with each. Community Involvement Report CALEA Standard 1.2.8, 2.6.3, 6.7.2 The Annual Community Involvement Report is intended to make the Administration aware of situations that could have a bearing on public safety communications within the community. The mapping of the county is critical to the use of the CAD system. Ensuring that we have the proper address ranges and street names for the entire county as well as areas closely bordering the county is essential to proper response. Second, informing citizens of the county on the proper use of the 911 phone lines for emergencies only while utilizing the non-emergency lines for routine requests. Third, informing the public on how to best contact their local police and fire headquarters rather than calling the Communications Center. Fourth, informing the public on the use of the weather alert system, the Everbridge mass notification system and the reaction that the activation should provide. The Communication Center provided instruction on the proper use of the 911 system, passed out educational information and resource magnets at the following events in 2017 - February 2, 2017 – Plainfield High School Health Fair – 1 Employee - Had booth space with attendance of approximately 150 residents of Hendricks County attending - June 15-17, 2017 –St. Susanna Festival – 9 Employees (3 each day) - Had booth space with attendance of approximately 4,500 residents of Hendricks County attending - July 19, 2017 – Hendricks County 4-H Fair with Hendricks Regional Hospital – 2 Employees - Had booth space with attendance of approximately 2000 residents of Hendricks County attending - August 1, 2017 – Danville, Avon, Brownsburg National Night Out – 9 Employees (3 at each event) – Had booth space with attendance of approximately 4500 residents (total) of Hendricks County attending - August 5, 2017 – Plainfield PD National Night Out Family Day – 2 Employees – Had booth space with attendance of approximately 200 residents of Hendricks County attending - September 1, 2017 – Ben Davis High School/Area 31 Partnership Day –1 Employee – Had booth space with attendance of approximately 200 attending - September 9, 2017 – Hendricks County Fair on the Square – 2 Employees – Had booth space with attendance of approximately 1000 residents of Hendricks County attending - October 4, 2017 – Senior Social at the Aquatic Center with the Plainfield Fire Department – 1 Employee – Had booth space with attendance of approximately 50 residents of Hendricks County attending - October 14, 2017 - Hendricks County Kids Fair (Prevent Child Abuse in Hendricks County) – 3 Employees - Had booth space with attendance of approximately 3,500 residents of Hendricks County attending - October 28, 2017 - Hallowellness with Hendricks Regional Hospital – 2 Employees - Had booth space with attendance of approximately 1000 residents of Hendricks County attending - November 14, 2017 - Children's Bureau with the Plainfield Police Department – 2 Employees - Had booth space with attendance of approximately 50 residents of Hendricks County attending - November 19, 2017 – Everyday Superheroes Cook Off - Hendricks County Fairgrounds – 3 Employees – Had booth space with attendance of approximately 400 residents of Hendricks County attending. - October 13, 2017 – Central Elementary Fire Safety Day (Kindergarten) – 2 Employees – 4 Rotations – 150 students - October 24, 2017 - Brentwood Elementary Fire Safety Day (Kindergarten) – 2 Employees – 5 Rotations – 200 students - November 3, 2017 – Clarks Creek Elementary Fire Safety Day (Kindergarten) – 2 Employees – 4 Rotations – 155 students Estimated School Contacts – 505 Estimated Total Community Contacts – 17,550 Personnel Early Warning System Annual Review CALEA Standard 1.2.8, 3.4.7E, 6.7.2 There were 719 total incidents entered into the system, with 104 commendations/notable events/initiative awards, 14 disciplinary actions. There were 64 incidents of PTOu, There were 5 Early Interventions for PTOu. We will continue to watch this area closely to measure the impact of the Town's policy on unexcused absences that was implemented in 2011. Annual Grievance Analysis CALEA Standard 1.2.3, 1.2.8, 3.5.1, 3.5.2, 3.5.3, 6.7.2 There were no grievances submitted to the Director in 2017. Annual Generator Inspection CALEA Standard 1.2.8, 6.4.3C, 6.7.2 Full Service was completed on the Plainfield Police Station generator in 12/2017. Full Service was completed on the HCCC/ Water Tower generator in 12/2017. Inspections on the Police generator were completed on 12/2017, the HCCC/Water Tower generator on 12/2017. The inspection was conducted by Cummins Crosspoint and the report is available with the Plainfield Police Department and the Hendricks County Communications Center. The Generators were tested bi-weekly and documented by the Deputy Director of HCCC. HCCC has since taken over this responsibility with our new location at 4010 Clarks Creek. Emergency Operations Plan Annual Review CALEA Standard 1.2.8, 6.7.2, 7.1.2I The Emergency Action Plan was developed on June 12, 2008 to give specific responses for certain incidents that could immediately impact the operations of the Center. The Center further follows the Hendricks County Emergency Management Agency (EMA) Emergency Operations Plan. The Plan is developed and maintained by the EMA Director. The Plan was reviewed by EMA Director David Warren, HCCC Director Steven Cook on April 5, 2017. There were no changes recommended at this time. In 2012 the Deputy Director developed an Emergency Evacuation Plan for the Center. This plan documents the procedures for abandoning the Center in case of disaster. These plans are reviewed each year. This review was completed on April 5, 2017. HCCC 2017 Hendricks County Communications Center COOK, STEVEN C Director BURRIS, DOUGLAS L PITCOCK, JANICE LAMB, M KATHLEEN CARMEAN, PATRICK HARRELL, LESLYE PORTER, PAMELA NEVILLE, KAREN HODGE, ANNETTE O'BRIEN, GREG CARRIGG, JOSHUA GILBERT, AMANDA G GILBERT, JENNIFER I HARTUNG, NICOLE L JAEGER, ELIZABETH K KIMMEL, KYLE LAIRMORE, MICHELLE LEEDY, APRIL M LESSER, KANE MILLER, ERIN MILLER, MEGAN K K MILLS, ELIZABETH MONACO, MEGHAN NUCKOLS, JOSHUA D OLIPHANT, ABEDNEGO T Osborn-Turner, JUDY L OWEN, SARAH PANKIEWICZ, SUZANNE D POWELL, CORY M ROBINSON, MORGAN H SCHMITZ, AMANDA SLATER II, TMOTHY SMITH, ANDREW SUITER, STEPHANIE VEIRS, DAWN WALTERS, JENNA WILLIAMS, TIMOTHY L (continued at top right) Deputy Director Accreditation/Public Education Training/Quality Assurance PT Technical A Shift Supervisor B Shift Supervisor C Shift Supervisor D Shift Supervisor B Shift Assistant Supervisor Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer Communications Officer BAUGHN, ANDREA BULTMAN, AMANDA HAYDEN, TAMMY L JOSEPH, LORI JOYNER, WILLIAM T LANTZ, ERIC V TATMAN, CHAD E PT Communications Officer PT Communications Officer PT Communications Officer PT Communications Officer PT Communications Officer PT Communications Officer PT Communications Officer Town of Plainfield Advisory Committee Operations Board Roger Call HCSD Sean Stoops Avon PD Joe Grimes Brownsburg Police Matt Oliphant Clayton PD Larry Alcorn Brownsburg Fire Rob Roberts Danville Fire Joel Thacker Plainfield Fire Dave Warren Hendricks EMA	<urn:uuid:2b2b3844-2569-4c54-9d0c-092fc0d8c7a6>	CC-MAIN-2023-50	https://www.hccom.org/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/53	2023-12-04T16:21:20+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-50/subset=warc/part-00103-e565b809-b335-4c1d-90fd-54a9a2b7113d.c000.gz.parquet	904,393,055	6,052	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.943054	eng_Latn	0.990946	[ "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 67, 1311, 4146, 5676, 5890, 6322, 7211, 9907, 10869, 11916, 13864, 16084, 18632, 20784, 22664, 23473, 25638 ]
Honda Trx500 Fe Fm Tm 2005 Service Repair Manual This is likewise one of the factors by obtaining the soft documents of this honda trx500 fe fm tm 2005 service repair manual by online. You might not require more epoch to spend to go to the ebook launch as without difficulty as search for them. In some cases, you likewise realize not discover the revelation honda trx500 fe fm tm 2005 service repair manual that you are looking for. It will entirely squander the time. However below, once you visit this web page, it will be for that reason categorically easy to get as competently as download lead honda trx500 fe fm tm 2005 service repair manual It will not understand many grow old as we accustom before. You can reach it even though ham it up something else at house and even in your workplace. fittingly easy! So, are you question? Just exercise just what we find the money for below as competently as evaluation honda trx500 fe fm tm 2005 service repair manual what you past to read! Honda TRX 500 FM review and guide to problems Honda TRX 500 Wont Starthonda trx 500 fe mud How-To Change Honda Foreman Oil and Reset Oil Change Light (Every Step) Repairing the Honda Rancher 420 Fuel System FARMERS GUARDIAN ON TEST: Honda TRX 420 and TRX 500 Honda Foreman 500 TRX500FE Click Wont Crank Starter Fix Replacing a Honda ATV Carburetor ?? Honda ATV Carburetor Cleaning \| Honda TRX350 \| Partzilla.com Ajelua Honda trx 500 fe www.Carboagez.com 2005 Honda TRX500FE Service Repair Shop Manual Factory OEM 2020 Honda Foreman 520 4x4 What YOU Need to Know Before Buying! Honda Foreman 2021 First Look 500-Class Shootout: Honda VS Polaris The click no start problem explained * update at: youtu.be/qdS1Ru1s6H4 * How to repair a leaking carburetor float bowl. The spot you might not know about! Honda Foreman 600 Mile Review , 2020 Top 6 things I LIKE about my 2020 Honda Foreman 2009 Honda Foreman Rubicon 500 TRX500FATIRED OF HONDA ES PROBLEMS? WATCH THIS VIDEO! 2018 honda forman 500 top speed How To Fix A Flooded Four Wheeler(In Under Five Minutes) Honda Foreman TRX 500 Quad (9 year ownership review) HONDA TRX500FM FOREMAN 4X4 2007, VTT, TRX, 500, FM, ATV,.MOV Honda Rancher TRX 350 FM And TRX 350 TE How They Work HONDA TRX 500 FM QUAD WALK ROUND VIDEO Honda TRX 350 Wont Start Clymer Manuals Honda TRX500 Foreman Maintenance Troubleshooting Repair Shop Manual Video HONDA TRX 500 FMHonda TRX500FE Foreman -kampanja Honda Trx500 Fe Fm Tm ApacheSling/2.6 (jetty/9.4.12.v20180830, Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 1.8.0_131, Linux 3.10.0-957.5.1.el7.x86_64 amd64) Foreman 500 Technical Specs \| ATV Specifications \| Honda UK Honda TRX 500 FE £4,250.00 Plus vat Here we have a very nice example of one strongest quads Honda made. This TRX 500 Foreman has been very well cared for over the last 3 years. Honda TRX 500 FE - JMK Quads This is the most complete Service Repair Manual for the 2005-2006 Honda TRX500FE FM TM Fourtrax Foreman ever compiled by mankind. This DOWNLOAD contains of high quality diagrams and instructions on how to service and repair your 2005-2006 Honda TRX500FE FM TM Fourtrax Foreman from the front bumper to the rear. 2005-2006 Honda TRX500FE FM TM Fourtrax Foreman Service ... Honda 2006 FOURTRAX FOREMAN TRX500 FM Pdf User Manuals. View online or download Honda 2006 FOURTRAX FOREMAN TRX500 FM Service Manual Honda 2006 FOURTRAX FOREMAN TRX500 FM Manuals 2005-11 Honda TRX500 Foreman FE FPE FM FPM TM Service Manual (0 reviews) Sign in to follow this . Followers 1. By flyinbrian365. Find their other files; trx 500; trx500; foreman; 1 Screenshot. About This File. 2005-11 TRX 500 Foreman FE FPE FM FPM TM Service Manual.pdf Create an account or sign in to download this item. Get Support File Information. Views 1,149; Downloads 7; Submitted ... 2005-11 Honda TRX500 Foreman FE FPE FM FPM TM Service ... 2005-2006 Honda TRX500 500 Foreman FE,FM,TM Service Manual. $15.99. VIEW DETAILS. 2005-2006 HONDA TRX500 FTRX FOREMAN Series ATV Repair Manual. $19.99. VIEW DETAILS. 2005-2006 Honda TRX500 FTRX Foreman Series Repair Manual pdf. $19.99. VIEW DETAILS. 2005-2006 Honda TRX500FE FM TM Foreman Service Repair Manual. $19.99 . VIEW DETAILS. 2005-2011 Foreman 500 Trx500 FE FPE FM FPM TM repair manual ... Page 1/3 Foreman Series \| TRX500 FPM / FM / FE / FPE / FA Service ... View and Download Honda 2005 FOURTRAX FOREMAN TRX500 TM service manual online. 2005 FOURTRAX FOREMAN TRX500 TM offroad vehicle pdf manual download. Also for: 2006 fourtrax foreman trx500 tm, 2005 fourtrax foreman trx500 fm, 2006 fourtrax foreman trx500 fm, 2005 fourtrax foreman trx500... HONDA 2005 FOURTRAX FOREMAN TRX500 TM SERVICE MANUAL Pdf ... 2005-2009 TRX500FE/FPE/FM/FPM/TM FourTrax Foreman Service Manual. Jump to Latest Follow 21 - 31 of 31 Posts. Prev. 1; 2; First 2 of 2 Go to page. Go. wydglide · Premium Member. Joined Oct 21, 2009 · 7,535 Posts . Discussion Starter • #21 • Nov 20, 2010. CCW said: Ok, I am having a problem uploading the TRX500FA manual and the TRX500FE/FM manual appears to be foogled. Click to expand ... 2005-2009 TRX500FE/FPE/FM/FPM/TM ... - Honda Foreman Forums Honda 500cc Foreman 4×4 ATV. 1. TRX500FM. 2. TRX500FE. 1. EXPLAINED — The TRX = ATV. The 500 in the model "TRX500" = engine size is 500cc. Then the "F" after the engine size = "4 Wheel Drive". The "M" stands for "Manual Shift". 2. EXPLAINED — Everything is the same as the above model except you see it has an "E" at ... Honda ATV Sport & Utility Model Names Explained – Recon ... A/CmType Tm Model Fm Model UType Tm Model Fe Model – Troubleshooting Engine Does Not Start Or Is Hard To Poor Performance At Low And Idle Start Speed Engine Lacks Power Poor Performance At High Speed Poor Handling; What you get. You will receive PDF file with high-quality manual on your email immediately after the payment. Product categories. Recent review. Hitachi EX12 To EX42-2 Workshop ... Honda TRX500FE /FM/ TM Foreman Service Manual ATV ... Original Factory 2005-2011 Honda TRX500FE FPE FM FPM TM Fourtrax Service Repair Manual is a Complete Informational Book. This Service Manual has easy-to-read text sections with top quality diagrams... 2005-2011 Honda TRX500FE FPE FM FPM TM Fourtrax Service ... HONDA TRX350 TM FE FM Fourtrax QUAD Service Kit 00-06 Oil Filter AirFilter Spark. £25.95 + £10.99 P&P . Upper Ball Joint kit Fits Honda TRX350FE / FM / TE / TM Fourtrax 2000-06. £19.99 + £5.50 P&P . Electric Starter Motor for Honda TRX350 TE/FE FourTrax 350 TM/FM Rancher 2006. £42.23. Free P&P . Front Wheel Bearing + Seal Set For Honda Rancher 350 TRX350TE TRX350TM 2000-06. £6.64 + £2 ... Front Honda TRX350 FE/FM/TE/TM S/ES 00-06 Shock Absorber ... This ebook contains all you need to know to keep your Honda TRX350 Fourtrax Rancher running right and is the only service repair manual you will need to repair and service your Honda TRX 350 Fourtrax and Rancher. It will help you understand, care for, and lower the repair and maintenance cost for your TRX350 (TRX350TE, TRX350TM, TRX350FE, TRX350FM ) Fourtrax Rancher for a overall improved ... DOWNLOAD 2004 2006 TRX350 TRX 350 TE TM FE FM Service ... Honda TRX420 FM/TM Fourtrax (2007-19) TRX420 FE/TM Fourtrax (2007-19) TRX420 FA Fourtrax (2009-19) TRX500 FA Foreman (2015-19) TRX500 FE/FM Foreman (2012-19) TRX500 FPE/FPM Foreman (2012-13) Pioneer 500 (2017-19) Replaces The Following OE Reference Numbers . Honda 31200-HR0-F01; Honda 31200-HP5-601 . For A Full Application listing, Please See Our Part Application / Fitment Section. SKU ... Honda TRX420 2007-16 TRX500 2012-16 Starter Motor \| Moto ... Original Factory 2005-2011 Honda TRX500FE FPE FM FPM TM Fourtrax Service Repair Manual is a Complete Informational Book. This Service Manual has easy-to-read t… 2005-2011 Honda TRX500FE FPE FM FPM TM Fourtrax Service ... 2005 2011 honda trx500 fe fpe fm fpm tm fourtrax service repair workshop manu... zhtdlpxmmeib 2005-2011 Honda TRX500FE FPE FM FPM TM Fourtrax Service Repair Workshop Manua... Page 2/3 Copyright : www.littlefallstimes.com 2005-2006 Honda TRX500FE FM TM Fourtrax Foreman Service ... Honda TRX500 FE/FM/TM 2005-2006 pdf Factory Service & Work Shop Manual Download. $27.99. VIEW DETAILS. Honda TRX500 FM 2005-2006 pdf Factory Service & Work Shop Manual Download. $27.99. VIEW DETAILS. Honda TRX500 TM 2005-2006 pdf Factory Service & Work Shop Manual Download. $27.99. VIEW DETAILS . Honda TRX500(FE,FPE,FM,FPM,TM) 2005-2011 Service Manual. $23.99. VIEW DETAILS. Honda TRX500(FM,FPM ... TRX \| TRX 500FE / FPE / FM / FPM / TM Service Repair ... This Honda TRX500FE quad comes in very good condition with electric shift transmission, switchable between 2 & 4 whe... Honda - Quads \| McKay Brothers HONDA; Select Model. Select Model. Back ... P TRX400AT Fourtrax TRX400EX Sportrax TRX420 FE/FM/FPM/TE/TM Fourtrax ES TRX450 FE/FM ES/S TRX450-ER Sportrax TRX450R Sportrax TRX500 ES/FM/FE Foreman TRX500 FA Foreman TRX500 FA1, FA2, FA3 Foreman AT TRX520 Fourtrax, Foreman TRX650FA Rincon AT TRX680FA Rincon TRX680FA Rincon (Twin Spark) TRX90 Sportrax. Current Selection: Spark Plugs; HONDA ... Copyright code : 441ae5b18073cb9aca2e39b5609c173d Page 3/3	<urn:uuid:1f3c42b4-0266-4ae2-adf1-cf531fd066f9>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://www.littlefallstimes.com/cgi-bin/content/view.php?data=honda_trx500_fe_fm_tm_2005_service_repair_manual_download&filetype=pdf&id=441ae5b18073cb9aca2e39b5609c173d	2022-08-08T04:28:49+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-33/subset=warc/part-00009-d466b69e-be2b-4525-ac34-1b10d57329da.c000.gz.parquet	81,754,053	2,749	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.481172	eng_Latn	0.59143	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4260, 7999, 9165 ]
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA ---oOo--- BEFORE THE HONORABLE JOHN A. MENDEZ, JUDGE ---oOo--- PRISON LEGAL NEWS, a project of the HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENSE CENTER, Plaintiff, vs. COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO, et al., Defendants. No. Civ. S-11-907 / ---oOo--- REPORTER'S TRANSCRIPT MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION WEDNESDAY, MARCH 7, 2012 ---oOo--- Reported by: KELLY O'HALLORAN, CSR #6660 APPEARANCES For the Plaintiff: ROSEN, BIEN & GALVAN, LLP 315 Montgomery Street, Tenth Floor San Francisco, CA 94104 BY: ERNEST GALVAN For the Defendant: LONGYEAR, O'DEA & LAVRA, LLP 3620 American River Drive, Suite 230 Sacramento, CA 95864 BY: AMANDA L. BUTTS 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA WEDNESDAY, MARCH 7, 2012, 9:30 A.M. ---oOo--- THE CLERK: Jones, et al. MR. GALVAN: Good morning, your Honor. Civil S-11-907; Prison Legal News versus Earnest Galvan for Prison Legal News, plaintiff. THE COURT: Did you bring me a copy of your newspaper? 9 MR. GALVAN: Yes, sir, your Honor. 10 11 MS. BUTTS: Good morning. Amanda Butts for the County of Sacramento. 12 THE COURT: Hello, Ms. Butts. 13 14 Did you bring me your mailing envelopes and mailing label or did you just bring me the newspaper? 15 16 17 18 MR. GALVAN: Your Honor, I did not bring any mailing envelopes or a mailing label. There is a very good photograph or a scan of one in the Wright declaration. And I can point you to that exhibit. 19 THE COURT: Okay. All right. Interesting case. 20 21 22 23 24 25 We're here on a motion for a preliminary injunction filed by the plaintiffs against the county, focusing primarily on the Main Jail and what we have referred to as RCCC. That's the Rio Cosumnes Correctional -- I can't remember what the last C is for. MR. GALVAN: Center, your Honor. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 THE COURT: Center. There you go. We always just referred to it as RCCC. So there are only those two facilities at issue; correct? MR. GALVAN: Correct, your Honor. THE COURT: All right. So, Ms. Butts, I go through all this paper, and I've looked closely at all the declarations and the opening brief and the opposition and the reply. And, Mr. Galvan, you tried to sneak in a declaration at the last minute. I'm not sure what authority you thought you had for filing this declaration. But nevertheless, did you get a copy of this? MS. BUTTS: Yes. THE COURT: It's a declaration from Lance Weber who is one of the attorneys in this case and contains hearsay information. So it doesn't help me a whole lot to get a declaration from an attorney that contains hearsay. But I guess your point was that The Sacramento Bee catalog that contained staples got through but that he did get his Prison Legal News with the staples removed. 20 MR. GALVAN: Correct, your Honor. 21 22 23 24 25 THE COURT: Okay. Be careful about filing things late. Federal judges like to impose sanctions. As much as lawyers like to get the last word in, you have to do it within the rules. So I'm actually not going to consider Mr. Weber's declaration since it was late filed, and you 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 didn't seek permission. Just so you know. MR. GALVAN: Understood, your Honor. THE COURT: Okay. Let me also, before we get into the merits of this motion, just talk a little bit about, Mr. Galvan, you filed objections to some of the materials submitted by the defendants. Ms. Butts, in particular, you submitted a declaration in which you attached a number of exhibits. Again, Mr. Galvan, your objections are actually well-taken. Ms. Butts is the attorney in this case. You really should have had your witnesses lay foundations or authenticate most of the exhibits that you submitted. You can't do it as the attorney. It's done often I know in discovery motions, but this is a motion for an injunction in which I have to follow the rules of evidence. And all the arguments raised by Mr. Galvan, frankly, are valid evidentiary objections. You haven't laid proper foundations to these exhibits. You submit, for example, newspaper articles which are classic hearsay. You submit another article, that's your Exhibit 10, which is from the Internet and which isn't properly authenticated. You submit logs from the Main Jail, again, which easily could have been authenticated by one of your witnesses since they're, I'm sure, business records and maintained in the regular course of business. But you tried to shortcut that by attaching it to your declaration. So 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 4 those objections are sustained since those exhibits aren't properly before the Court. In terms of Mr. Morrissey's declaration which is objected to, you object to a paragraph in which he says, "In 2009, during shakedowns of cells, magazines with staples were found in prisoner cells and within the facility. Metal fasteners from envelopes and collections of staples, paperclips and other metal items were also found and confiscated. Heroin and other drugs mixed in envelope glue were making their way through security. At the same time, other contraband was still being discovered, such as razor blades and screwdriver bits in mail and greeting cards." And the plaintiff argues that paragraph is mainly irrelevant, other than the words "staples" and "were found and confiscated," but also even that may be irrelevant since Sergeant Morrissey didn't specify what type of staples were involved, and also arguing prejudice. And, again, those are valid evidentiary objections with respect to that paragraph. So I'm granting the evidentiary objections. 20 21 22 23 Okay. So let's get into this. As I understand it, and I don't think that, Ms. Butts, your client really disputes this, at least I can't tell. But according to Mr. -- is it Walczak? W-A-L-C-Z-A-K. 24 25 MR. GALVAN: Walczak, yes. THE COURT: That this Prison Legal news has been 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 provided for over 20 years, been in existence, and there have been no problems prior to this policy which is at issue in this case coming into play, and there are different dates. It appears according to Mr. Morrissey that there was a policy that allowed staples prior to April of 2009, and then in 2009, because of activities involving contraband, together with -- and I think this is significant and probably the main reason why the policy changed -- together with a decrease in staff at the jail due to budget cuts, there was a change in the procedure for screening mail and publications. And so these policies which are at issue, in part, Operation Orders 6/15 and 6/16, come into play. So as I understand it, there's no dispute that up to around April 2009, and apparently because there are also plenty of deputy sheriffs at the jail, the Prison Legal News came in and went through without any problems. And there's this staple and mailing envelope policy that's imposed, and suddenly the Prison Legal News starts being returned to sender, not even delivered to the inmates or the prisoners, at least at the Main Jail. Just focusing on the Main Jail right now. Factually, do you dispute that at all? MS. BUTTS: As to the mailing label, slightly. The written policy has not changed since 2007. The practice at the Main Jail changed in April of 2009 only as to staples. 2 3 4 THE COURT: Okay. MS. BUTTS: Well, no, that's not true. Scratch that, or strike that. It did change as to mailing labels. I apologize. 5 6 7 8 9 THE COURT: Okay. I asked Mr. Galvan to bring me a Prison Legal News. At least the mailing address on this that's before the Court and was attached as an exhibit is a stamp. So Prison Legal News uses a stamp now, not a mailing label? 10 11 12 MR. GALVAN: Your Honor, it's actually printed. When the printer runs this out on the giant printing machine, it's -- 13 14 THE COURT: So it's not a label that you have to remove? 15 16 MR. GALVAN: This is not a label, no. There is a little sticker that the post office puts on. 17 18 19 THE COURT: Okay. That's my other question. So does the county jail have a problem with the sticker that the post office puts on? 20 21 22 MS. BUTTS: No. The county jail doesn't have issues with stickers or mailing labels coming from verified publishers or from the United States Postal Service. 23 24 THE COURT: Okay. So I assume the jail doesn't have a problem also with a printed label like this. 25 MS. BUTTS: No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 THE COURT: Okay. So let's focus then on what's gone on. So April 2009, this policy causes some of these Prison Legal News newspapers to be sent back to Prison Legal News without being delivered to the inmates. You agree with that? MS. BUTTS: Yes. THE COURT: I didn't take it that you were disputing their numbers that, although you may dispute the actual numbers, but there were at least several hundred of these newspapers that were returned to Prison Legal News. Are you disputing that? MS. BUTTS: No, we don't have any way to know. THE COURT: Okay. How did you come up with that number, by the way? Do you actually have the return to sender? 16 MR. GALVAN: We keep them all. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 THE COURT: You do. Okay. And so I read through all of this, and then I finally get to Deputy Lewis's declaration. And, honestly, I just shook my head, because suddenly as of February 13, 2012, after this lawsuit is filed -- and I don't know if it's after you filed your opposition or not, but obviously then the lawyers start talking to the deputies, and lo and behold, now at the Main Jail, they now accept Prison Legal News. They just remove the staples. And so that apparently is what's been going on 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 for the last three weeks. And so you know what I'm going to ask you. Why the change of heart? Because the judge in me says, and I'm sure Mr. Galvan, the plaintiff's lawyer in him, says, well, I guess our lawsuit did some good. Somebody finally got hit over the head and realized let's just go back to the way we did things. So tell me what happened, without disclosing attorney-client privileged communications. MS. BUTTS: Right. I'm going to do my best on that. I think when the change -- or I know when the change in practice occurred in 2009, it was implemented as a genuine belief that this would keep items that the jail considered to be a problem out in a better fashion. And that was the way it continued to practice for two years, without incident, without there being complaints or issues or any check on that practice. It seemed to be working. It was going along fine. No problem. The lawsuit comes in, and they kept the status quo to continue the way that they were practicing at that time as to not change because of the lawsuit. The parties have done discovery which the defendants finished -- or provided documents at the end of December stating that there were certain documents it was going to have to somewhat reinvent the wheel to go find. It notified the plaintiff of that. It 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 went through that process. Come the middle of January, end of January, it was able to uncover all of those incident reports. It starts looking through what's going on at the jail, even with this practice in place, and actually starts evaluating the numbers of publications coming in and kind of does a review of the practice and what's coming in and the numbers and what is the burden and makes a decision to say, you know, we're getting 3 to 4 publications a day, 15 to 20 a week, let's try to just take them out. We're still going to keep the staples out of the hands of the prisoners, but let's go back to the way the written policy is, because even though at the time in 2009 that this practice was put into place, this seemed like the best way to do it, maybe this really isn't going to be as big of a deal to take out these staples, let's do this, as a constant reevaluation. THE COURT: So in the reply brief, the plaintiffs argue that, and actually use your declarations, your clients' declarations, that the Main Jail is receiving 3 to 4 publications per day, and at RCCC, it's about 15 to 20 publications per day. You're not disagreeing with that since it's your declarations? MS. BUTTS: Correct. I don't think it says 3 to 4 publications per day. I think it does it in a week, and they divided it out. I think on average, that's probably true. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 THE COURT: Okay. MS. BUTTS: I think it varies. I think publications tend to come in probably more at the beginning of the month or at the end of the month, but yeah, let's go with that. Three to four is fine. THE COURT: Okay. I want to focus on RCCC just for a second. My impression is that RCCC -- actually, Mr. Galvan, I'll ask you, did you have any evidence that RCCC was returning the Prison Legal News or publications related to Prison Legal News or was it only the Main Jail? MR. GALVAN: Your Honor, actually I thought of it all in aggregate. I would have to go back. But my sense is that both -- it is that we have returns from both facilities. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 THE COURT: Because the declarations seemed to dispute that, particularly a declaration from Lieutenant Griem, who was the watch commander at RCCC from April 2011 to October. And according to him, that night shift officers have always simply just removed the staples and mailing labels, but they haven't simply returned your client's publications to the sender. 21 22 23 24 MR. GALVAN: Although he also says in paragraph 4: "On a small number of occasions, I've been made aware that an officer has returned a publication to the publisher because the publication contained staples." 25 THE COURT: Okay. Ms. Butts, the other question I had 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 raised by the plaintiffs is did you, in the course of now discovery and through this lawsuit, did you find any reported security incidents involving an inmate or a prisoner where a staple from a Prison Legal News publication, this type of staple, was used to cause harm or create a danger? MS. BUTTS: The jail doesn't keep records that would indicate what type of magazine a staple would come from. More often than not, the staple is discovered separated from wherever it came from. The jail just doesn't keep those kind of records. So no, I cannot dispute that statement. I don't have any piece of evidence that says Prison Legal News magazine staple caused a security incident or injury. We just don't have that kind of information. THE COURT: Okay. And then could the jails, Main Jail and RCCC, live with an injunction that, in effect, committed this February 13, 2012, policy and procedure that's being followed to writing? Could you live with that type of injunction? MS. BUTTS: Well, I mean it's already happening, so I'm not sure what there is to enjoin. But that is the current practice. It's the intended continued practice. There is nothing to suggest that the intention is anything else. It was a short-lived practice. The policy as written has always been the same. It's been that way for five years 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 now. I'm not sure what there is to enjoin. But it is the practice as it is now. It's the intended practice for the future. So it kind of is what it is. THE COURT: So here's the argument. And because you don't get a chance to respond in writing to the reply briefs, it's sort of the $64,000 question, which is what you just argued. The defendants assert that their jails now deliver publications with the staples removed. However, defendants maintain their policy of returning to sender all correspondence sent to the Main Jail with mailing labels. Is that true? MS. BUTTS: Yes. THE COURT: Okay. Despite this recent and partial voluntary cessation of allegedly illegal conduct, without an injunction, defendants are free to return to their old ways -- that's in quote -- and exclude PLN's publication altogether, citing Friends of the Earth vs. Laidlaw Environmental Services and United States vs. W.T. Grant. Injunctive relief is appropriate unless "it is absolutely clear the allegedly wrongful behavior could not reasonably be expected to recur, citing Friends of the Earth and then some other cases. And then, finally, they talk about a Ninth Circuit case, Demery vs. Arpaio, which involved pretrial detainees who filed suit under the First and Fourteenth Amendments to enjoin web posting of jail videos. The 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 district court granted the injunction in that case. On appeal, the defendants argued that termination of web posting rendered moot the claim for injunctive relief. The Ninth Circuit disagreed and upheld the injunction. So why shouldn't I apply those cases to this situation? MS. BUTTS: Well, right now, we're at the preliminary injunction phase. We haven't had a trial on the merits. We haven't had a jury decide whether or not the implemented practice was reasonable. At this stage right now, to put in place that kind of order, it's not necessary. If at the end of the day when we get past this and we go to the merits and a jury says we're unreasonable, then clearly an injunction implemented at that stage may be the necessary course of action. But for right now, the practice is what it is. Their magazine is coming in. The staples are being taken out. The jail doesn't have an intention of tomorrow turning around and saying no, it's going to continue with that practice of taking the staples out. There's no evidence to suggest it's going to change. 22 23 The purpose of a preliminary injunction is to prevent great harm like -- 24 25 THE COURT: Irreparable. MS. BUTTS: Irreparable harm right now because it's 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 happening and we have to do something right away to stop it or, you know, catastrophe ensues. And that's just really not where we're at right now. If this was a motion on the merits, if this was a motion for summary judgment, I think maybe there would be a different argument to be made. THE COURT: The other thing Mr. Galvan argues in the reply is that in the opposition, you didn't address the other two requirements of a preliminary injunction, the third and fourth; that is, that the balance of equities tips, in your case, in your client's favor, and that injunction would not be in the public interest. I didn't really see those addressed. MS. BUTTS: I think we addressed the balance of harm. I think we state -- actually, I'm pretty sure we state in there that we've shown that the time consumption and the resources tip in our favor, whereas they've failed to show that in regard to the mailing labels or really as to the staples. 19 20 THE COURT: Except you undermine that argument by now telling me that it's really not a big deal. 21 22 23 24 MS. BUTTS: Right. I understand. We're supposed to look at the time that it was implemented. Not right now. Not the effect of it and not whether it actually worked. That's not what Turner requires. Turner requires to look at 25 when the choice was made whether it was reasonable, not 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 whether it actually worked. THE COURT: Yeah, but whether I'm going to issue an injunction or not, I have to look at what's going on right now. MS. BUTTS: I understand. But right now, there's nothing to enjoin when it comes to the staples. So we're going to enjoin a possibility, which there's always a possibility that policies and practices will change based on occurrences in the jail. Title 15 requires a jail to constantly be analyzing what's going on in its facility to be making the proper regulations and procedures. To enjoin the possibility the action will occur at this stage of the game, it's not reasonable. It's not necessary. THE COURT: Tell me about this mailing label issue that seems to still exist, Mr. Galvan. How many pieces of correspondence does it involve? Obviously you don't use mailing labels anymore on the Prison Legal News, so that's a nonissue. But are you still trying to send in mailings with mailing labels on them? MR. GALVAN: Yes, your Honor. In addition to publishing -- for the Legal News, we're also a distributor and publisher of books. And when we get an order for a book, that's a special event, not like the subscriber getting his magazine from the printer. That's fulfilled from the office. And the practical way to do that is to put the book in an 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 envelope, and then there's a label that's printed from a database from that customer's information, and the label -there's a picture of it. It's Exhibit F to the Wright declaration. THE COURT: Okay. MR. GALVAN: One clarification for the record, the substantive evidence is from Paul Wright, the publisher of Prison Legal News. Walczak did put in a declaration, but he sponsored attorney kind of stuff that attorneys could sponsor. But Wright, the client, sponsored the substantive stuff. And in that picture, Exhibit F, you can see it's a tiny little label, just like the little tiny label, you'd get a sheet of them and you'd put them in a printer. And, you know, there's something even bigger, that if this were a legitimate concern, I'd be more worried about the stamp that you see up in the upper left-hand corner. THE COURT: It's actually a postage stamp? MR. GALVAN: That's the postage stamp. 19 THE COURT: Okay. 20 21 22 23 24 25 MR. GALVAN: And that was put on by Prison Legal News in order to get the post office to deliver it. Now, if I wanted to hide something, I'm not sure I'd pick this little paper label. I think I'd pick this thickly gummed stamp. But there's no issue about the stamps. The sine qua non under Turner, the first prong, is this an arbitrary and 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 irrational policy. And to attack those little labels and let all those big -- you saw that big commemorative stamp, let all those things through, it's just arbitrary and irrational. THE COURT: Do they rip off the stamps too? MS. BUTTS: Yes. THE COURT: That's what I thought. I guess my original question was I know the numbers on Prison Legal News, but how much volume are you talking about? MR. GALVAN: It's smaller than Prison Legal News for this particular jail. I don't have exact figures. But if it were more than a couple of dozen per year, I'd be surprised. THE COURT: So why couldn't your client just handwrite on an envelope and use a postage meter type stamp? Where is that a problem? 15 16 17 MR. GALVAN: Because in the operation, he's fulfilling orders from the whole country, from 2,200 correctional institutions. 18 19 20 THE COURT: But you're not worried about the whole country. You're only worried in this lawsuit about the Main Jail. 21 22 23 MR. GALVAN: Well, we are worried about the whole country. That's why we litigate. I mean the history of Prison Legal News -- 24 25 THE COURT: Well, let me put it this way. I'm not worried about the whole country. I'm only worried about this 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 lawsuit. MR. GALVAN: There are steps of the analysis before we get to my client's alternatives. And they haven't shown that there's any rational relationship between this label ban for these little tiny labels and their interest in keeping drugs and razor blades out of the prison. In the one picture that they submitted, Exhibit 4 to Ms. Butts' declaration, the sealed exhibit, the only thing that they've said could come into under mailing labels is a huge mound of some sort of drug. I don't know what it is, but it looks like two fistfuls of yellow insulation. Now, how that gets in under that tiny label makes no sense at all. We've submitted an expert declaration from someone who was the warden of a pretrial facility and the warden of a supermax federal prison. THE COURT: A federal prison, not the Main Jail. MR. GALVAN: Well, he was the warden of the Miami pretrial federal facility. So that's an important jail. That's a jail. People are coming in and out, just like 20 Sacramento jail. 21 22 23 24 25 THE COURT: I don't know if I'd agree with that. MR. GALVAN: He said in his experience, no sensible correctional administrator is worried about these little labels. And they haven't rebutted that. Also, he pointed out, and it's patent in their policies, they allow things to 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 come in from Amazon.com and Barnesandnoble.com with labels on them. THE COURT: Thank you for reminding me of that. That was my other question. Is that true? It wasn't disputed in the declarations, and that would seem to me -- I did have that written down. I was going to ask you about that, Ms. Butts. But if you're going to let Amazon and Borders deliver publications with mailing labels, then that does seem to me to be a little inconsistent. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 MS. BUTTS: We're not talking about a publication. We're talking about correspondence. Amazon and Barnes & Noble aren't sending correspondence with mailing labels that are coming in. So he's talking about a publication when he's talking about Amazon and Barnes & Noble. But when they're talking about their mailing labels, they're talking about correspondence from their facilities back East. The two things are different. 18 THE COURT: Why? 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 MS. BUTTS: Because while it's coming from a publisher -- THE COURT: A mailing label is a mailing label. MS. BUTTS: No mailing labels are going into the jail. They're being taken off. No inmate is getting access to a stamp or a mailing label or anything with a gummed -- that's not the way it works. And that applies to Amazon. That 2 3 4 5 6 7 applies to Prison Legal News. It applies across the board. THE COURT: So what are we arguing over? MS. BUTTS: THE COURT: The procedures are the same. They're not being returned. MR. GALVAN: I have a table. My client back in Vermont has a table full of envelopes where it's written "return to sender" mailing label. 8 THE COURT: Okay. Why? 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 MS. BUTTS: Because when where talking about -- when Amazon and Barnes & Noble are sending something in, they're sending in a package from a verified publisher. When Prison Legal News is sending in its correspondence from its location back East, there's no way to know it's a publisher. Their envelopes have a stamp on the corner that say Prison Legal News. It's a stamp. I could go make a stamp right now that says Amanda Butts Publishing Company. That doesn't make me a verified publisher. Whereas Amazon and Barnes & Noble, these are documents coming from their facilities. It's clear the location. There's not as much of a concern with those items. There's less of those items coming in because we're talking about packages, not correspondence. 22 THE COURT: Why would your client have a concern about 23 24 25 Prison Legal News? MS. BUTTS: It's not Prison Legal News in particular. It's just no way of knowing that that envelope is really 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Prison Legal News. It's not clear to the person checking the mail. And really the issue with the mailing labels, it's not the label getting in. They're going to take them off. It's cutting down the amount of taking off and writing and finding the information to put on the label to then process the mail. If we do it for Prison Legal News correspondence, then we're going to do it for all correspondence, we have to, because they're just a citizen corresponding with an inmate. So we can't really create a special rule for a publisher to send correspondence unless we're going to do the same thing for every citizen. Then we would be violating the equal protection rights of citizens. And so then every single piece of correspondence that comes in with a mailing label will now need to be taken off by the one mailroom officer, written on there, and then processed, for everything. Not just packages from a verified publisher that are coming in here and there with books in them. And you can't give the box anyway, so you have to take it out of the box. We're talking about just envelopes, just standard correspondence when we're talking about Prison Legal News. THE COURT: Well, Amazon delivers in those cardboard boxes. MS. BUTTS: Right. But you can't take a box to a prisoner. So you naturally have to take it out of the box 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 anyway. It's the process that has to happen with the package. There's nothing that Amazon or Barnes & Noble could do to send their packages in a way that wouldn't require the mailroom officer to have to take it out of a box and have to put something with it to send it to the inmate. Whereas Prison Legal News in their office, according to the deposition of their publisher, Paul Wright, the other day indicated that all of this is sent from their office, it's not a printer, its all done by putting into the machine the mailing label, printing it out, taking it off, putting it on the envelope by seven employees who are sending out thousands of these things all the time. I don't understand why they can't write the name and the housing information on the envelope and send it so that when it comes to the Main Jail, they just have to rip off the stamp and pass it along to the inmate. MR. GALVAN: Your Honor, we're as much a publisher as Amazon.com, so I don't know why this demand isn't being made of Amazon.com. They could also hire some special people to write in Magic Marker on their boxes. 21 22 23 24 25 This is what we face all over the country, hostility to Prison Legal News, based on content really. But there's always a shifting set of rationales for why we're different. It's always one thing after another. That's why a preliminary injunction is important in this case, frankly, 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 your Honor, as you see the shifting sands. One minute it's the staples. One minute it's the labels. One minute we're a publisher. One minute we're just two guys in an office. I think that gets to the heart of why an injunction is needed at this stage, your Honor. MS. BUTTS: They're blurring the line between what they're sending in. That would be true if Amazon and Barnes & Noble were sending in envelopes. Then we could say Barnes & Noble and Amazon, you need to find a way to write the name on it instead of just sending it in with a mailing label because we can hand the inmate the envelope. You can't give an inmate a box. And the items coming in from Amazon and Barnes & Noble are coming in in boxes. 14 THE COURT: Right. 15 16 17 18 MS. BUTTS: So you're naturally, no matter where it comes from, going to have to take it out of the instrumentality it's coming in. That's not the case for the items coming from Prison Legal News. 19 THE COURT: What's coming in? Mr. Galvan. 20 21 22 23 24 25 MS. BUTTS: Envelopes. THE COURT: Yeah, but what's in the envelopes? MR. GALVAN: What's in the envelope would be typically what's illustrated in Mr. Wright's declaration where he provides some samples of the non-Prison Legal News publications. For example, his Exhibit B, this is a small book. These are the first few pages of a small book called ``` 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "Protecting your Health & Safety, a Litigation Guide for Inmates," published by the Southern Poverty Law Center, distributed by Prison Legal News. THE COURT: So that would be stuck in a brown envelope with a stamp and a mailing label? MR. GALVAN: Almost exactly like an Amazon distribution except -THE COURT: You're using an envelope. So when it gets to the jail, they're going to rip off the mailing label, right, they're going to rip off the stamp, then they're going to open the envelope and then deliver what's inside; right? MS. BUTTS: Uh-huh. THE COURT: Yes? Is that a yes? MS. BUTTS: No. I'm sorry. What are we talking about? Are we talking about the envelopes coming with this book in it? THE COURT: Right. MS. BUTTS: Okay. THE COURT: You're not going to deliver -- it's going to go through an x-ray machine now, but -MS. BUTTS: Well, I think the problem with Prison Legal News is if their envelopes, for instance, were printed with this in the corner of it where it says Prison Legal News and it's an official business envelope, right, where you can ``` 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 tell someone made mass amounts of these for a business purpose, I think that would be different. If you look at the envelopes that they're talking about, it's literally a stamp that you would dip in an ink pad and stamp on that that says Prison Legal News. THE COURT: Maybe I'm missing something. So if that envelope came today to the Main Jail, the person in the mail room is going to open the envelope; right? 9 MS. BUTTS: No. 10 11 THE COURT: Well, it's going to be run through an x-ray machine. 12 MS. BUTTS: If it had a mailing label on it, it's the 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 same as personal correspondence because there's no way to verify that this is -- THE COURT: It's returned to the sender. MS. BUTTS: THE COURT: It's returned to sender. Wow. MR. GALVAN: That's why we need an injunction, your We're a publisher whose material is being returned to It couldn't be plainer. MS. BUTTS: There's no way to know it's a publisher. MR. GALVAN: It says Prison Legal News. Everyone knows we're a publisher. We're a verified publisher in 2,200 institutions. We're a verified publisher in the California Department of Corrections, 33 state prisons, including Honor. sender. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Pelican Bay, the worst of the worst. THE COURT: Does RCCC do the same thing? MS. BUTTS: No. They have between 9 to 12 officers doing the mail, so they take off the mailing labels. THE COURT: Doesn't that seem inconsistent, that it's really just because -- MS. BUTTS: We don't have the staffing to do it at the Main Jail? THE COURT: MS. BUTTS: Yeah. I mean that's just sort of what it is. THE COURT: So you're using an economic reason to, according to the plaintiffs, violate the First Amendment of the Constitution? It's a First Amendment issue. You're not allowing a publisher to get in their material to someone who is entitled to read that material. MS. BUTTS: Right. But there's a rational, reasonable basis for the policy that requires them to do it a different way. We're not banning their content. We're not saying Prison Legal News, you, for instance, are not allowed to talk to inmates, you are not allowed to correspond with inmates. No matter what you send in here, we're sending it back because we don't like you, and we don't like what you're saying. That's what they want to argue. That's not the case. This is the way the mail is processed no matter what. We recognize that they're a publisher. We know 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 they're a publisher. I get that. And I know that Prison Legal News is a publication that's been around for a long time. The problem is I can go down and make a stamp that says Prison Legal News with their address on it and stamp it on any envelope I want. Now, it would be illegal, but I could still do it and try and send something into the jail disguised as Prison Legal News. THE COURT: Turner factor number 4 is whether the existence of easy and obvious alternatives indicates that the regulation is an exaggerated response by prison officials, which brings me back to numbers. Just so both of you know, and I said this, I'm not concerned about any other publisher than Prison Legal News in this lawsuit. And the volume of these materials going into the Main Jail, at least the facts as I understand them, is relatively small. MS. BUTTS: Not when we're talking about correspondence though. THE COURT: From Prison Legal News? MS. BUTTS: they send in. THE COURT: MR. GALVAN: THE COURT: I don't know. They haven't said how many You answered my question, didn't you? Publications, my estimate, a couple dozen A couple dozen a year. a year. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 MR. GALVAN: That's my -- THE COURT: Okay. And then correspondence. MR. GALVAN: Well, we certainly correspond. And that's how we developed the evidence for this case. We will write to people in the jail who are subscribers and say we haven't heard from you for a while, have you gotten our magazine, and they'll write back saying no, we haven't. THE COURT: So a letter in an envelope? MR. GALVAN: That's a letter in an envelope, yes. THE COURT: And how many pieces of correspondence are you talking about there? MR. GALVAN: I haven't kept a record, but that could be in the dozens, the scores, maybe hundreds. I would doubt hundreds. Hundreds would be another case with the system where you've got, you know, like CDCR, 33 prisons. THE COURT: Does your client keep records as to which correctional facilities the correspondence is going to? MR. GALVAN: Oh, sure, we certainly do. 19 20 21 THE COURT: Okay. So you could tell me easily over the past year how many pieces of correspondence went into the Sacramento Main Jail? 22 MR. GALVAN: I don't have it here, but I could 23 24 25 certainly find out. THE COURT: Okay. MS. BUTTS: But there is evidence to show that the 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Main Jail is getting roughly 1,200 pieces of correspondence a day. So if we're going to have to start taking the mailing label off when it looks like Prison Legal News, don't we then have to do the same for every piece of correspondence that comes in with a mailing label? How can we differentiate that from Prison Legal News envelopes with a stamp on it? A stamp as in -- I don't mean a postage stamp. I'm talking about an ink writing stamp from me having my address as a stamp that I put in the return address corner. THE COURT: Do you want to answer that? MR. GALVAN: Yes, your Honor. THE COURT: Go ahead. MR. GALVAN: I want to answer how do you distinguish between the Prison Legal News envelope and some other publisher that counsel thinks is more established. We've been around since 1990. Amazon, I don't know, since 1998. Also, my kids get a lot of presents from Amazon. I've got a garage full of Amazon boxes that I could easily use to repackage things and send contraband into the jail. The notion that there's something about an officially printed box in counsel's view that makes it safer than a stamped envelope is, frankly, absurd. We all have Amazon boxes all over our houses. We could be mailing stuff in Amazon boxes all the time. I don't 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 see how it makes any sense. Under Turner, it's a classic, irrational, and arbitrary distinction. MS. BUTTS: Again, we're not talking about boxes. We're talking about envelopes that would be able to be delivered to an inmate if it was not with a mailing label, whereas a box would never be delivered to an inmate. So the procedure already has to be different when we're talking about a box. Not to mention I'm pretty sure there are ways to determine when an item has been resealed in the way that Mr. Galvan is talking about, as opposed to coming directly in from the distributor or publisher. THE COURT: Here's what the defendants argue, Mr. Galvan, which I want you to respond to. "Under the Turner test, defendants need not show specific instances of incidents that occurred as a result of the challenged policy." And again, we're only talking about mailing labels here. "It is sufficient that a prison regulation is justified on the basis of anticipated security problems," citing Casey vs. Lewis, a Ninth Circuit case. "Corrections facilities across the country have had problems with staples being used as tattoo needles." Again, we're talking about staples. I don't want to get into staples. But in terms of mailing labels -- here we go. The defendants argue: "Jail inmates are notorious for finding unique methods to smuggle drugs into their jail cells, and 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 the U.S. mail has always been a favored route. Illicit drugs can be liquefied and applied to paper through drops, in ink, behind postage stamps, on the glue that seals the envelopes, and under stickers. Inmates ingest the drugs by licking or eating the paper. Mailing labels pose a threat in correctional facilities because they can be used to conceal heroin, LSD, and other drugs, as well as metal objects." Now, your expert doesn't necessarily disagree with that, but he argues, at least with respect to your publications or your envelopes, that's irrational under the Turner standards. And the defendants argue, again, "To show a rational relationship between a regulation and a legitimate penological interest, prison officials need not prove that the banned material actually caused problems in the past, or that the materials are 'likely' to cause problems in the future. It does not matter whether plaintiff or even this court agree with defendants or whether defendants' policies and practices actually advance their facilities' legitimate interests. "This court is only required to find that the defendants' judgment was 'rational,' that is, whether the defendants might reasonably have thought that the policy would advance its interests." Now, obviously the burden is on you to convince the 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Court that you're likely to succeed on the merits of your argument under the First Amendment with respect to mailing labels. So why haven't they at least raised enough in this opposition for the Court to find that, at least on the state of the record as it is now, that I'm not convinced that you've satisfied your burden? MR. GALVAN: First on the law and then on the facts. What your Honor quoted from the brief was their assembly of quotes that basically try to make the Turner analysis seem toothless on the first level, but it's not toothless. Turner itself says the logical connection has to be not so remote as to render the policy arbitrary or irrational, which means there's something for the Court to do here. I mean that quote from the en banc Arpaio opinion that says the Court need not even agree doesn't mean that the Court simply turns off on all examination. So let's look at mailing labels. Defendants scoured their files to try to find a picture that made mailing labels look dangerous, and Exhibit 4, sealed, is what they found. THE COURT: You keep coming back to Exhibit 4, which I granted your objection, but go ahead, now that you've opened the door. 23 24 25 MR. GALVAN: Assuming that Exhibit 4 were admissible, which it's not, this is the best they have for mailing labels. 2 3 4 5 6 7 MS. BUTTS: That's not a mailing label. THE COURT: What is it? MS. BUTTS: It's a Post-it. And that's not even part of our argument. We didn't assert that that mailing label was dangerous. THE COURT: Did you submit anything with respect to mailing labels, any exhibits? 8 9 10 MS. BUTTS: We don't have mailing labels that come into the jails, so we don't have pictures of them causing destruction. 11 12 THE COURT: That's right. Everything gets returned or ripped off. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 MR. GALVAN: So they don't have any evidence of mailing labels. But they say we just have to point to a reason that a rational person would agree with. And the law does say that. They just have to point, like summary judgment, you just have to point at your opposition's evidence. Okay. But what they point at doesn't make any sense. What they point at is the assertion that, well, it's easy to liquify a drug and then soak a mailing label in the drug and then people could eat the drug. 22 23 24 25 Okay. Well, if you can liquify the drug and permeate a mailing label with it, you'd be better off permeating a piece of paper. Back in the '60s, people had a lot of paper acid. Right? So if that's the real concern, then why are 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 they letting any paper into the prison at all? I mean they're all focused on the mailing label, they're going to tear off the mailing label, but the permeated with drug paper is probably inside the envelope. It's the letter. So if that satisfied Turner, then the rule that we'd be here talking about is no paper comes into the prison at all. You have to use their email system. They have this new email system that people can use to send in messages. THE COURT: Here's what your evidence is from Mr. Clark. He says, "While it is theoretically possible to do so," to use mailing labels as an avenue for smuggling or concealing drugs, so while it's theoretically possible to do so with certain soluble drugs in extremely small amounts, he says, "I have never heard of this practice causing a problem in the correctional settings with which I'm familiar." And then he cites all the experience he's had. "I am certain I've never heard mailing labels raised in those reports. Likewise, I have attended many national correctional conferences of practitioners and leaders in the field and met with the administrators of state, local, and private corrections systems. I maintain contact with many of these professionals. I do not recall mailing labels, especially from publications, ever being raised by any of these individuals as an issue of concern. I have never been aware of metal objects of contraband being hidden under mailing 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 labels. "Defendants declare on page 15 of their opposition that the use of labels is not the only manner of delivering liquefied drugs. They mention drops applied to paper, in ink, or on the glue that seals envelopes. A ban on mailing labels would do nothing to deter these other methods, but would only address the unlikely prospect of smugglers taking the extensive trouble to set up delivery of drugs through a publisher or a publication that uses labels for delivery to a prison." So how do you respond to that? MS. BUTTS: Well, it seems from what we've seen, the majority of facilities don't allow the mailing label in, which is probably why you don't have issues with mailing labels. I believe the reason why they don't allow them in is because it's fairly common knowledge that you can smuggle drugs into a facility through a mailing label, which is why stamps and mailing labels are often removed. As for the paper issue, once you get past the mailing label and you open the envelope and read through the mail, as you would do with every piece of correspondence that comes in, an item that had been soaked in water would probably be noticeable and would be denied for that reason and kept in evidence for being some of kind of illegal object. It's not as if the buck stops at the mailing label and 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 there's no other analysis of mail. There are multiple procedures for evaluating mail and other things coming into the jail to make sure contraband comes out. Here we're talking about the mailing label. And the label can be an issue. That's why it's removed. And when it comes to the Main Jail, we have one officer processing potentially thousands of pieces of correspondence a day. This correspondence that they're talking about with the mailing label is correspondence, not a publication, not a package. It's a letter coming in like any letter that I would want to send to an inmate in there or from someone's mom or grandmother. So you have to evaluate it the same way you would an everyday citizen who would be sending something in. So for every piece of correspondence that comes in in an envelope that has a mailing label, by the plaintiff's requirement, the one officer processing these thousands of letters would have to take off that mailing label and write by hand the name, location, and all the information required for every single letter coming in. So the jail opted to preserve its resources in that sense due to the dangers of mailing labels, continue to keep mailing labels out, and send them back so that they don't have to go through that process. And plaintiff hasn't produced any evidence as to why it can't itself write the 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 name on the maybe 12 -- he's not even sure how many pieces of correspondence it sends in, whereas the jail has put forth valid evidence showing the amount of correspondence coming into the jail. THE COURT: It's actually hundreds. But on page 11 of the motion for preliminary injunction, the plaintiff argues, "Sending correspondence and publications to prisoners using mailing labels is a common practice. Magazine subscriptions are often sent using mailing labels for prisoners and non-prisoners alike," citing Mr. Wright's declaration. "In fact, until recently, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation actually required publishers to send materials with an approved vendor label affixed to each publication. The CDCR policy at issue there provided that 'any packages from a book vendor or publisher must have a book label with a vendor stamp attached. Packages without the vendor stamp, label, or the required signatures will be returned to sender.' If labels from publishers constituted a security threat, it seems unlikely that a state prison system would dramatically increase the amount of correspondence sent with labels by requiring their use." MS. BUTTS: If this came in with a mailing label on it, it would be taken off. Or it probably wouldn't even be taken off, because it's not an issue with a publisher. We're not concerned about publishers sending drugs to inmates. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 think that we're pretty sure no one's trying to commit illegal acts as publishers in the same sense of books and packages. The problem with the letters that they're sending in is you cannot verify that it's a publisher. It just looks like a letter that you and I could put together and send into the jail. It makes sense to require the label. And if this magazine was coming in with a label, there wouldn't be an issue. We're not talking about the magazine. We're talking about letters. That's different. THE COURT: Okay. Do you want to respond? 12 MR. GALVAN: Just a few points. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 There is no evidence that other facilities ban mailing labels. I think what counsel may be referring to are the collection of web pages that your Honor has already excluded. And even if that were evidence, when you read that collection, it's clear that they're talking about people who send in like a little package of labels and stickers like you'd use for scrap booking or something, where you've got the backing and then the label. That's clearly a problem, right, because you could sort of peel that up and put something in there. Not a used label. But that's not evidence anyway. 24 25 Our evidence, which your Honor read, the only thing to add to that is Mr. Wright also said that we're sending 2 3 4 5 6 7 mailing labels to 2,200 correctional facilities, and no one is banning us because of mailing labels. THE COURT: This is the only one, Sacramento County Main Jail? MR. GALVAN: This is the only one at the moment where we're fighting mailing labels. THE COURT: Out of 2,200 facilities. 8 MR. GALVAN: This is the one. 9 10 THE COURT: That makes your client unique if that's true. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 MS. BUTTS: Well, I don't know how the other mail's processed, but we have one person processing our mail in order to keep the utmost amount of contraband out. I don't know how those other jails are doing it. I don't know if they have the 16 people processing the way that we used to when we used to take off the mailing label and write it on there. But because of problems we had in our jail, we decided to choose a different way of doing it and consolidate it to one person to keep out as much as possible. By having one person, you have to look at your resources more carefully. 22 23 24 25 So I can't speak to other jails and why they would choose to take the mailing label off and write on it or if they choose the allow the mailing label in. I just know in our facility, we've determined that mailing labels are 2 3 4 5 dangerous, and they're not coming in. And so either we're taking them off and writing it on there or we're returning it to sender. RCCC has -- THE COURT: The First Amendment be damned. MS. BUTTS: No, I don't think that's -- Why? You can 6 send in an envelope -- 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 THE COURT: It just seems inconsistent to me that you do it at RCCC -- not you, your client, does it at RCCC, yet for economic reasons, you don't do it at the Main Jail. And again, RCCC has a lot fewer inmates than the Main Jail. The allocation of resources and using that as the reason to run the risk of violating the First Amendment, even though you say it's just correspondence, a lot of this correspondence contains publications. 15 16 17 18 That seems to be a dangerous and risky policy to take. That's the part I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around, that at RCCC, all we do is rip off the label, and we let it in. 19 20 21 MS. BUTTS: At RCCC, they take off the label and take the time with the 9 to 12 people they have processing with the less amount of mail. 22 23 24 25 THE COURT: Move four people to the Main Jail. Right? MS. BUTTS: I mean I don't think that's how staffing works. I'm pretty sure we can't decide how to move around deputies in that sense. But that's not really the way it 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 works, and that's not the budget that is in place right now. So I can't really speak to how the jail decides where to put people in that sense. THE COURT: Okay. So let's move forward. You're the trial lawyer in this case, and the plaintiff puts on evidence that every jail in the State of California main jail allows mailing labels in other than the Sacramento County Main Jail. 57 out of 58 counties. And, by the way, ladies and gentlemen, at their facility, RCCC, they also let in mailing labels, or they take the time to rip them off. How do you defend against that? MS. BUTTS: I mean I understand the problem. understand what they're saying. I get it. 14 THE COURT: Okay. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 MS. BUTTS: But I think the law isn't designed to allow us to say I think there's a better way to do it, and that's just not really what the Supreme Court has required us to do. It's to look at was it a rational decision. Mailing labels, a problem. How can we fix this problem? Well, we're going to need to take them off, or we're going to need to send them back. What resources do we have to do this? We have one mail room officer. We have 1,200 or some odd pieces of correspondence, letters, coming in every day which potentially have mailing labels on them. 25 THE COURT: Whether the existence of easy and obvious KELLY O'HALLORAN, OFFICIAL COURT REPORTER, USDC -- (916) 448-2712 I 2 3 4 alternatives indicates that the regulation is an exaggerated response. MS. BUTTS: It's not easy for the Main Jail though. You're talking about 1,200 pieces of correspondence. 5 THE COURT: Move people over. 6 7 MS. BUTTS: So we've decided that there's a better way to do it, so that makes it not rational. 8 THE COURT: I'm moving away from prong number 1. I'm 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 looking at prong number 4. Existence of an easy and obvious alternative. And again, if you want to tie that to is it rational, I guess it would be more rational to me if it was applied as to all facilities. It just would seem difficult for me for the sheriff to justify, other than I've only got one guy at the Main Jail and I've got eight guys at RCCC. So, you know, in that case, the First Amendment at the Main Jail has to suffer, whereas the First Amendment at RCCC 17 doesn't have to be impacted in any way. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 MS. BUTTS: You keep saying the First Amendment as if we don't allow mail. I mean it's not as if there aren't other ways to send in the mail. I just don't -- by saying please do it another way so that our resources aren't taken to write the name on it, I just think that we're pushing the First Amendment button a little far. We're not banning information from coming in to inmates. We're not banning their letters from coming in. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 We're asking you have resources to do it. You haven't shown that you don't have the resources to do it. We're showing we don't have the resources to do it. But now you're saying well, move your resources around and find some. We haven't shown that we can't do it, but we just think you should do it differently. THE COURT: We haven't gotten to the due process argument yet either. But the fact that both written policies don't at least provide for notification to the prisoners that, by the way, we sent back all these letters -- MS. BUTTS: We don't have a prisoner in our case. THE COURT: Right. You have the sender, the publisher, which doesn't seem to make a difference under some of these cases that it's the publisher who's bringing the lawsuit. In fact, it was Judge Burrell and Judge Damrell's case I think that involved just the publisher, not the prisoners, in which the Ninth Circuit then overturned their grant of summary judgment saying just because it's a publication, not a prisoner, that that argument isn't going to fly. 21 22 23 24 25 MS. BUTTS: As to what? THE COURT: As to -- MS. BUTTS: There was no notification or due process issue in that case. THE COURT: The sheriff's policies don't provide for 2 3 4 5 6 notification to the inmate or the prisoner that his mail has been returned. MS. BUTTS: They do. Part of the policies state that notice should be given to the inmate. THE COURT: Well, "should be" I don't think satisfies the due process standard. 7 8 9 10 11 12 MS. BUTTS: We don't have an inmate in our case. We only have a publisher. And those cases, and the one that you just cited from the Eastern District and from the Ninth Circuit, did not have a due process claim in it. So the holding regarding summary judgment in Hrdlicka isn't applicable here. 13 14 15 16 17 18 THE COURT: Do you want to respond to that? MR. GALVAN: I don't think your Honor was talking about Hrdlicka, but I'm not sure, because I have to admit I don't know which Judge Damrell and Judge Burrell case your Honor was referring to. But I can respond to the due process point more generally. 19 20 THE COURT: Go ahead. And I'll tell you the name of the case. 21 MR. GALVAN: Two problems with the policy. 22 23 24 25 One, it doesn't provide due process directly to us. We don't get notice and an opportunity to respond and to have our response be addressed by someone other than the person who rejected our material. And that's the basic Ninth 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Circuit standard. And two, we do have an interest in having our readers get notice of when our material is held back, because that's part of how we find out, because then the readers can write to us and say I got notice that your material's not getting in, you should do something about it. And I think your Honor is correct that the cases, whether they're brought by a publisher or not, recognize that the notice has to run both to the sender and to the reader, and it's the publisher's interest in both those notices running. THE COURT: It's the Hrdlicka case which involved then-Sheriff McGinness. MR. GALVAN: If I could say one other thing about Hrdlicka. A point before we shifted to due process, counsel said, well, we haven't shown that we couldn't use our resources to accommodate their label policy. Well, the Supreme Court of the United States denied cert in Hrdlicka two weeks ago. And Hrdlicka squarely says that, in fact, this particular jail, does not have the right under the First Amendment to shift the cost to the publisher of its mail room policies that aren't justified by Turner. And so it's no answer, after Hrdlicka, to say we can run through all sorts of hoops to comply with their policy. That's not the law. MS. BUTTS: I would say that's not what that case 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 held. That case held that the jail hadn't done enough on summary judgment to establish that it hadn't violated the publisher's rights and that it needed to go further to a trial. And anything about the cost shifting is really truly just dicta and not really to the arguments in that case. MR. GALVAN: Your Honor, it was holding, in the Ninth Circuit in Hrdlicka, the sheriff said we don't have to let in all this bulk mail because -- one of the reasons we shouldn't have to let it in is because the publisher of that, of the CJA, that publication, could have a whole different way of doing it, could figure out who the readers are and address things to them, and the Ninth Circuit clearly said that the publisher had met its burden there to show that that would be economically infeasible. And the First Amendment doesn't allow the jail to impose, I think it used the word economically impracticable, requirements on a publisher that aren't satisfied by Turner. I think it's squarely held in the case. What the procedural posture was, I think, is not material. I think it's the law in the Ninth Circuit. MS. BUTTS: Well, there is a difference here. That publisher had shown that it would be infeasible. This publisher hasn't put on any evidence about the feasibility of writing names on a mailing label. They've only put forward evidence regarding sending their publication through a 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 printer regarding staples. MR. GALVAN: If I may, your Honor, the Wright declaration at paragraph 28 addresses the cost prohibitive nature of individual labeling of envelopes. THE COURT: But the Hrdlicka case, the language I think we're all talking about, is as follows, talking actually about the second Turner factor, alternative avenues to exercise the right. Defendants argued in that case that the publisher has alternative avenues to communicate with inmates. The jail will distribute materials to inmates who request it. There was a material question of fact whether as a practical matter the plaintiffs could effectively reach county jail inmates if they deliver only upon request, citing the Morrison case. The court writes, "In Morrison, we held that the second Turner factor weighed against the legitimacy of a mail policy when restricted publications would be delivered only if they were sent at a higher rate. Paying a higher rate is not an alternative because the prisoner cannot force a publisher who needs to use, and is entitled to use, the standard rate to take additional costly steps to mail his individual newsletter. Here, unlike our earlier cases, the jails' policies do not require inmates to pay for, or for the publisher to mail its issues at a higher postage rate. "It is difficult to create a broad awareness among inmates in jails where, unlike in prisons, populations turn 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 over quickly. It is true the publisher can advertise its publication to inmates through the yellow pages or television. But many inmates will have left the jail before they can learn about the existence of," in this case it was CJA, "request that it be sent to them, and then receive it. Inmates typically want information about bail bonds and attorneys as soon as they arrive at the jail. For those who receive CJA only after a significant wait, the advertising in CJA is of little or no use." I think that's what you were referring to. MR. GALVAN: Yes, your Honor. THE COURT: Okay. MS. BUTTS: That case didn't have anything to do with bulk rate mail. It had to do with delivery drop-off and unsolicited publications. It's a different issue than the one we're dealing with right now. 17 18 19 20 21 22 THE COURT: It's interesting in this Hrdlicka case, too, the court found that "The undisputed fact that CJA is currently distributed in more than 60 counties throughout 13 states, including in 32 California County jails, suggests that the response of the two jails in this case may be exaggerated." 23 24 Okay. What did you want to say, Mr. Galvan, about the due process argument? 25 MR. GALVAN: I believe I addressed it, your Honor. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 It's that the due process concern does run to both, and in this case, runs both to the notice provided to the reader, the inmate, and the notice provided to the sender, PLN. That it is proper for this Court to require notice running both ways regardless of the absence of an inmate plaintiff in this case because PLN has an interest in its readers getting notice as well. It's part of the way in which -- it's part of the due process right recognized, from Procunier and Thornburgh, and all way up to the Ninth Circuit cases. That's all, your Honor. THE COURT: Okay. Ms. Butts, anything further you want to add that I haven't already asked of you? MS. BUTTS: The cases state that notice should be provided and an opportunity to be heard. Those things are provided here to Prison Legal News. They've opted not to take advantage of them except for filing a lawsuit. I think they're being heard right now. But as far as the pre-litigation aspects, those things are in place for the publisher. They're the publisher. That's the right they're asserting. It exists. I don't think there's anything to enjoin as far as the publisher is concerned here. THE COURT: Again, your argument is that if I did issue an injunction, the injunction shouldn't cover any requirement that adequate written notice in an administrative 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 appeal process, that that also be given to prisoners since your argument is there's no prisoner in this case, and they have no standing to argue for injunctive relief on behalf of a prisoner. MS. BUTTS: Correct. THE COURT: Mr. Galvan, your response to that again is what? I mean I understand the due process argument as to your client. But why does your client have standing and a basis to argue for injunctive relief on a prisoner when I don't have a complaint from a prisoner? MR. GALVAN: We are not seeking any form of third-party standing. We are not claiming to represent the prisoners or enforce their rights. 14 15 16 17 18 THE COURT: Yeah, you are. Because in your proposed order, you say you want me to order that defendants provide adequate written notice and an administrative appeal process to both prisoners and senders. You only represent the sender. 19 20 21 MR. GALVAN: Because it's our right. It's our right to have the notice run both ways. We're trying to reach the sender. And when our material is blocked to the sender -- 22 THE COURT: No, you're the sender. 23 24 25 MR. GALVAN: Right. I'm sorry, your Honor. We're the sender trying to reach the reader. THE COURT: Right. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 MR. GALVAN: And when our material is blocked to the reader without due process, that violates our due process rights as well as the reader's. In other words, there are two primary rights violated, and they're held by different parties. THE COURT: But my concern is this language in your proposed order to both prisoners and senders. MR. GALVAN: Yes, your Honor. THE COURT: You don't represent the prisoners. MR. GALVAN: We don't, but we represent the sender. And the sender's right is violated when notice is not 12 provided to the prisoner. 13 14 15 16 17 THE COURT: So I can require notice and an administrative appeal process to the sender and strike the language to prisoners. I don't have a basis for granting injunctive relief for a prisoner when I don't have a prisoner before me; right? 18 19 20 MR. GALVAN: But the injunctive relief is to benefit PLN. If PLN benefits when its reader gets notice that its material has been blocked. 21 22 THE COURT: It gets notice when it says returned to sender and the sender gets it back; right? 23 24 25 MR. GALVAN: Yes, when we get the notice directly. But then when our reader, when our customer gets the notice, that's an interest of ours that's been recognized by the case 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 law as well. When the person who we want to listen to our message gets the notice that our message has been blocked, that vindicates our First Amendment rights. It also vindicates theirs, but we don't care about that here because they're not a party here. But it vindicates our First Amendment rights. THE COURT: How does providing an administrative appeal process to the prisoner benefit your rights? MR. GALVAN: When the prisoner gets notice, now the prisoner is an advocate for the receipt of our message. And that's part of I think the interest that's recognized in Procunier and Thornburgh when it talks about -- THE COURT: I feel like we're going in circles, though, because I don't have a prisoner in front of me who is complaining. I only have you. MR. GALVAN: I don't think you need one, because I'm complaining about my reader not having gotten notice that my paper was blocked. I'm complaining because it violates my First Amendment rights. THE COURT: Your client's First Amendment rights. I get that. Hypothetically though. It's only hypothetical as to a prisoner who is not before me. 23 24 MR. GALVAN: The prisoner is not before you, but I'm before you, and I have a right for that reader to get notice. 25 So I'm not trying to -- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 THE COURT: But you can protect that right by requiring the jail to -- I mean one of your arguments is the notice already is inadequate. MR. GALVAN: Certainly if I get notice and due process, it certainly diminishes the injury of failing to provide my reader notice, because now I can come in and advocate. But I'm saying it doesn't eliminate that injury entirely. THE COURT: All right. Let me tell you where I'm at on this. With the staples, I think it's almost been conceded. And the argument really with respect to staples is that really it's just moot; that I don't need to issue an injunction. I disagree because of the cases that were cited in the reply brief with respect to the staples, although it appears to be a nonissue at this point. I think the plaintiffs would be entitled to have injunctive relief; that they have satisfied injunctive relief with respect to the staples. And I'm really just going to focus on the First Amendment claim. I'm not going to get into the due process or equal protection claims, and I don't have to in granting injunctive relief. I just have to find that there's been a likelihood of success on the merits, that the plaintiff would suffer irreparable harm in the absence of the preliminary injunction, the balance of equities would tip in the 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 plaintiff's favor, and that the injunction is in the public interest. With respect to the staples and applying the Turner factors, I think it's clear that, and, again, focusing only on the PLN publication, I don't think that the regulation with respect to this publication is rationally related to the government objective. And obviously safety in jails and prisons is of utmost importance. I recognize that. I have always said, both in civil and criminal cases, judges should not be running prisons or jails and that we should intervene only in the most obvious cases. We're not correctional experts, I never have claimed to be, and certainly a robe doesn't make me an expert. And I've seen enough go on in jails and prisons to recognize your clients' rights, Ms. Butts, to run the jails as they see fit. But there's always some type of balance, it's not black and white, when it comes to constitutional rights. Are there alternative avenues that remain open to inmates to exercise the right? It's a factor that there's some argument over, but it's not really the critical factor in analyzing at least with respect to the staples. And again, they're being removed now, and the inmates are getting the publication. The impact that accommodating the asserted right will 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 have on the other guards and prisoners and on the allocation of prison resources. Again, that favors, based on the evidence, the plaintiff. And whether the existence of easy and obvious alternatives indicates that the regulation is an exaggerated response. With respect to these staples, I think, and this publication only, I think it again favors the plaintiff. And I keep saying "this publication" and "this plaintiff" because I think the way you've drafted, Mr. Galvan, this proposed order, it's overbroad. And I would reword it to focus only on this publication and this issue. I don't want to, and I will not, issue an injunction that prohibits that jail from prohibiting into the jail or RCCC publications that do contain larger staples, more dangerous staples, staples that clearly would pose a danger. You've got to give the sheriff, at least in my view, that discretion. And I think the cases are clear. And under different facts and different circumstances, I don't think the sheriff would have a difficult time showing that there was some rational relationship. Your injunction, in effect, as written, would cover all staples, and I'm certainly not going to issue an injunction that covers and prohibits the sheriff from simply returning a publication that has a staple or staples that clearly would pose a danger. I'm only concerned and will 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 only remain concerned about PLN's publication. So I'm going to grant the preliminary injunction, finding that you've satisfied the requirements for a preliminary injunction and finding that it's not moot. That the case law does instruct the Court that, despite the change in policy, there still has to be some type of written order that that policy should continue. And obviously if then the policy is violated, you've got a basis to come back into court, and I can easily intervene. So I would change the language of the proposed order and simply limit it to PLN staples. 12 Go ahead, Ms. Butts. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 MS. BUTTS: I feel like we maybe skipped past a little bit of the reason for keeping staples out. We talked a lot about the change in the practice and allowing them in now. But to succeed on the merits of their case, they have to prove that the decision to ban staples in the jail or to change the practice to send them back was not rationally related to a legitimate penological objective. And we didn't really get into the staples used in their magazine are a problem in jails and are dangerous in the sense -- I know there's some -- 23 24 25 THE COURT: That's where we would disagree. I don't find their staples -- and I'm limiting it to PLN. I don't find their staples to be -- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 MS. BUTTS: Well, what type of staples are those? I'm just not sure what gauge of metal we're discussing. I want to know -- THE COURT: That would be up to the sheriff to convince me. I'm not convinced based on this evidence, because none of the evidence that you submitted focused on their publication and their staples, which is all I'm concerned about. I have in front of me now the publication. I have in front of me their staples. They are flimsy. They are small. I don't have any evidence from the sheriff that their staples pose the danger that the policy, this broad policy involving staples in general, is rationally related to a legitimate concern about PLN staples. And when I have to balance that against their right under the First Amendment, the sheriff can't win this one. 16 17 18 19 20 21 MS. BUTTS: But aren't they just paper staples we're talking about, which have been shown to be used in tattoo rigs, and tattoos are a problem in jails? I mean they're paper staples. They're not specially made staples for Prison Legal News magazine, unless there's something that I missed in the evidence. 22 23 24 25 They're paper staples; correct? Paper staples are a problem. And I just want to know when I go back to my client do I need to tell them from here on out, we're going to need to start specifying the gauge of metal when you find it in a 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 cell. THE COURT: You might have to. To convince me that the infringement on the First Amendment right is rationally related to a legitimate and neutral government objective and that there's no easy and obvious alternative, your client might have to. But under the facts of this case as presently before the Court, I'm not convinced. And given the burden of proof in issuing this injunction, I am convinced that they've met their burden and that, at least at this stage, your client hasn't satisfied the Turner standards such that the injunction should be denied. So the simple answer is yes, he's going to have to do more, especially when it deals with a publication. Now, obviously he knows the response because he's responded by saying let's just remove the staples. Let's not make a big deal out of this. I'm just going to remove the staples. Sure. If the next publication comes in and it's a different staple and he wants to take a stand and draw a line in the sand, I understand that. That's why he's got to have some discretion. But I didn't see any evidence at all that these staples, because I have an expert declaration from someone else who says it's absolutely irrational, it's absolutely not legitimate based on my 25-plus years of experience in running 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 high-security federal prisons and other prisons. And that combined with this other evidence that no other -- at least I didn't see any other jail or correctional facility that does what you do. I mean it's being delivered to prisons, CDCR prisons. Now, maybe this sheriff thinks that he knows better, but, you know, is that an exaggerated response? Well, based on the evidence I have, the only conclusion I can reach is yes. If you're going to let -- I mean, I don't know, does it go into San Quentin? 11 MR. GALVAN: Yes, your Honor, and death row. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 THE COURT: I don't know how you can defend that. And it wasn't specifically addressed. You know, that's the difficult question for your client to have to answer. Why does the County of Sacramento Main Jail know better or want to impose this exaggerated response to this specific publication? That's where the argument fails in my mind, particularly when you're dealing with a First Amendment right. If your client was sitting there, that's what I would tell him. 21 22 23 24 25 And I understand. I mean the response is well, what do you want me to do when the next one comes along? Well, if you want to draw a line in the sand, you know what you've got to show. Show me that other jails are doing the same thing as you. Show me that CDCR is doing the same thing as you. 1 2 3 4 5 Those are types of facts and types of evidence that obviously I would seriously consider. I agree you don't have to show a specific incident. It would be helpful if you had a specific incident where someone used a PLN staple and someone used it to tattoo themselves or stab someone. 6 7 8 9 MS. BUTTS: Their expert says you can make a tattoo rig with the type of staple in there. He says our evidence didn't show it. He says I didn't see it in those pictures, but he says you could make it that way. 10 THE COURT: I mean this case is going to continue. 11 They're going to probably want a permanent injunction. 12 13 14 That's the type of evidence your client is going to have to consider presenting to the Court. This is only a preliminary injunction. It can be dissolved. 15 16 17 18 19 20 But look, it's going to be difficult given the issues involved in this case, particularly when you're dealing with constitutional rights, to overcome the law which favors, at least in this case and this type of specific fact situation, favors the plaintiff. I mean that's the reality of this case at this point. It's not going to be easy. 21 22 23 24 25 And again, you know, I keep coming back to it, I don't want to call it a concession, but, you know, he just does it. It's, what, a couple newspapers a week. I know he wants to draw a line in the sand, and it's really hard to figure out where that line should be drawn. But in this case and under 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 these specific facts, he obviously has figured out let's just remove the staples. Let's just make it easier. And who knows. If this case goes on and two years from now, that policy continues to be followed, one of your arguments may be why do I need a permanent injunction at this point? We're not going to change our policy. Now, I know Mr. Galvan will argue against that. But that, again, is some evidence that maybe there isn't a need for a permanent injunction in this case. But that's all down the road. So I would limit the injunctive relief. As to the mailing labels, I think that's a closer question, Ms. Butts. I think your arguments on the mailing labels are tougher for me. And you can tell from my questions that it's a different type of animal. I'm not sure that it's necessarily as exaggerated or I could make a finding that it's as exaggerated of a response with respect to the mailing labels. And this is, I think, a much closer issue. 19 20 21 22 23 I'm having a hard time, as you could tell from my questions, figuring out how it's rational when one facility in the same county just removes mailing labels and the other facility, the Main Jail, doesn't. I know it comes down to allocation of resources and the like. 24 25 And then also, again, looking at what other facilities do, including CDCR facilities, I think the plaintiffs with 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 respect to mailing labels have again presented enough evidence to convince me with regard to the mailing label ban and the policy as presently implemented at the Main Jail. Because again, RCCC doesn't seem to have a problem with it. And I don't know if you'd want RCCC included, but I don't think, Mr. Galvan, that I'm convinced that RCCC is a problem, that the policy still would violate the First Amendment rights of the plaintiffs, that the regulation as currently and policies as currently implemented. And, in particular, the declaration of the plaintiff's expert that it's at least rationally related to a legitimate penological interest or that it's not an exaggerated response, applying the Turner factors. I'm not convinced, at least at the Main Jail, that requiring jail staff to remove the mailing labels or the stamps that are currently being used would be a burden on the Main Jail. That, you know, this fourth factor, do easy and obvious alternatives exist indicating that the regulation is an exaggerated response, again, that factor, in particular, I find in favor of the plaintiffs. As argued in the papers, the additional time the jail staff would be required to remove the mailing labels, at least in the Court's view, is likely to be a minimal burden based on the evidence before me rather than just writing "return to sender" and sending it back. The limited effect 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 on staff does not justify restrictions on access to the publications or the correspondence that are in these envelopes. I'm not disregarding completely your clients' views with respect to envelopes. It seems somewhat inconsistent again that RCCC doesn't have a problem with Prison Legal News correspondence and mailing labels but the Main Jail does. And that, again, that may be due to simply volume. But when you're dealing with First Amendment rights, the First Amendment is obviously an important right that overcomes the arguments in this specific case. I'd also note we talked about specific instances or having to show specific instances of incidents. And while, as the defendants have argued, it's not required as a matter of law, as Mr. Wright argues, it is somewhat persuasive that in this case the defendants have not shown specific incidents of mailing labels that caused a security risk in the 21-year history of PLN, at least 21 years of PLN sending in both publications and other types of correspondence into the correctional facilities. 21 22 23 24 25 So I do find that with respect to the mailing label policy, just like the staples, it's not rationally related to a legitimate penological interest, at least I don't think I've been convinced. I think the plaintiffs are likely to succeed. There's a likelihood of success on the merits with 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 respect to this issue. The defendants have made strong general statements about the ways that the ban might serve penological purposes, but that's in contrast to weaker and, to some degree, contradictory specific evidence that they've offered to support those statements. Because I have found that the regulation is not rationally related to the legitimate penological objective, I actually do not need to consider the other Turner factors. That's Ashker vs. California Department of Corrections. I don't need to consider the other three factors. But again, I think in considering those other three factors, those do also weigh in favor of the plaintiffs on the First Amendment claim. Again, I'm not going to address or get to the due process claim or the equal protection claim. I don't need to reach that in granting the motion for preliminary injunction. On the other factors with respect to the preliminary injunction, irreparable harm, balance of equities, and in the public interest, again, I think plaintiffs have met their burden to show that the injunction is appropriate at this time. And then, finally, there's the issue of bond. As the plaintiffs have argued, district courts do have discretion to determine the amount of bond accompanying a preliminary 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 injunction. This would include authority to set no bond or a nominal bond. Plaintiffs have argued that the bond requirement should be waived because plaintiff is a small nonprofit organization that would be unable to post anything more than a nominal bond. Defendants did not really oppose this argument. And given those factors and the limited scope of the preliminary injunction, I am going to waive any bond requirement. In terms of the form of the injunctive order, as I've said, as to whether the sheriff wants to continue to, at least at the Main Jail, simply return correspondence that has mailing labels that doesn't involve PLN, that's up to the sheriff. That may obviously invite other lawsuits. That's between you and your client. This injunction is only going to apply to PLN. That's all I have before me. I'm not going to issue a broad order. I don't know if your client would prefer a broad order or if you would prefer a broad order, but at this point, I only decide what's before me. In part, as I said, it comes down to I don't like to tell sheriffs, and I will not tell sheriffs, how to run their jails, unless a specific dispute is presented to me. It may seem like a funny position to take, but it comes from years of experience in dealing with these types of cases and in dealing with sheriff's departments, both as a state court 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 judge and as a federal judge. Look, I mean both of you know, I was a Sacramento County Superior Court judge. I know that Main Jail, and I know RCCC. And I respect the role that the sheriff has to play in protecting both correctional officers and inmates in those facilities. I'm only going to decide the dispute that's before me. So you are not going to get the preliminary injunction that you've drafted, but you are at least going to be able to get your client's publications and correspondence with mailing labels in. Hopefully, this will encourage further discussions between the two of you as to -- and I think, in part, it would help to know exactly how much correspondence is going into the Main Jail. Because one of the things I don't really know, and I didn't have numbers, and may ultimately cut against you and your clients, Mr. Galvan, is if it is only a hundred or 150 pieces of correspondence, I may then consider why isn't it easier for your client, if they really want to get these publications in, why isn't it easier for you simply to have your client have someone address an envelope? So I obviously would take a look at that as this case proceeds and see where we're at as to who might better bear that burden. It's an interesting case to me. Legally it's 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 interesting because it does involve constitutional issues. From a practical point of view, I sometimes shake my head because we're arguing over staples and mailing labels and how much are we really talking about. It can't be more than 1 percent of what attorneys are being paid in these types of cases. And it's interesting to me, and I don't know whether there was any type of correspondence or discussions before your client actually decided to file a lawsuit. It obviously is not relevant and doesn't matter. But from, again, a practical point of view, litigation is so expensive that I would think you could get two people in a room and figure this out and save everybody a whole lot of money. Sometimes people don't want to do that, and they do want to know where the line should be drawn. And maybe your client and maybe the sheriff needs to know that. I can understand that. But when you have somebody in a black robe trying to decide these issues as opposed to two parties that have direct interest in it, sometimes that makes very little sense to me. And, quite frankly, I wouldn't be a settlement judge anyway. I'm just going to be sitting up here as a trial judge. I mean both your clients should also know, since we're the most impacted court in the country, this thing is going to drag on. You're not going to get an early trial date. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 And as to how much money they want to spend on this is really up to your clients. You've got two very good lawyers. The briefs were terrific. It's a really interesting case. But I'm also well aware of the fact that as much as I really like this case and the issues involved, it's going to cost an awful lot for both of your clients, particularly when you're not dealing with, I don't think, a whole lot of mail getting into that Main Jail. 9 10 11 12 13 All that being said, I'm going to grant the motion. I'll draft the preliminary injunction order. It will not look exactly like the order that you proposed. It will contain some similar language, but it will be, I think, a little more limited than the language that you've proposed. 14 Okay. Any questions? 15 16 Honor. 17 THE COURT: Okay. 18 19 20 21 MR. GALVAN: You had mentioned when you were going through the staples, you've got to leave the sheriffs the ability to deal with those big industrial staples. And in our proposed order at page 2, lines 12 through 14 -- 22 THE COURT: I liked your definition. 23 24 25 MR. GALVAN: Okay. THE COURT: Light-duty small -- small may be difficult for the sheriff to figure out. But light-duty small wire MR. GALVAN: Just one on the staples definition, your 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 By the way, just as an aside, one of the things that -- and all of you know that judges have brilliant lawyers working for them behind the scenes. And one of my brilliant lawyers, Mr. Galvan, did find an advertisement for a nonbinding type of staple. So it's not a staple anymore. They've come up with something where you can staple publications -- I had it here, but I can't find it right now -- without an actual staple going into the publication. Ms. Butts smiled. But, of course, the caveat is you can only staple, at least right now with these nonmetal staplers, no more than five pages. So if you limited your publication to five pages, that would also solve this problem too. I'd be happy to send you a copy of the advertisement, but I'm sure your clients can find it. It's something to consider in your continued discussions as to how maybe to resolve this case. Okay. I'll get this order out as soon as I can, and then we'll proceed down the road unless the two of you get your clients in a room and resolve this. All right. Thank you, both. MR. GALVAN: Thank you, your Honor. MS. BUTTS: Thank you. (Proceedings concluded at 11:57 a.m.) fasteners commonly used to attach a few sheets of paper and used by the plaintiff to bind the sheets of its monthly publications. 70 1 I certify that the foregoing is a correct transcript	<urn:uuid:19dd2bac-9ba4-4c58-b67b-81fcd242b473>	CC-MAIN-2021-04	https://www.clearinghouse.net/chDocs/public/JC-CA-0065-0007.pdf	2021-01-28T12:59:04+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-04/subset=warc/part-00180-364a895c-5e5c-46bb-846e-75ec7de82b3b.c000.gz.parquet	709,949,173	23,016	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.973118	eng_Latn	0.999267	[ "eng_Latn", "mlt_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 438, 703, 1840, 3162, 4611, 6021, 7486, 8591, 9857, 11247, 12693, 14051, 15456, 16861, 18159, 19562, 20947, 22291, 23551, 24916, 26225, 27591, 29013, 30481, 31827, 33020, 34274, 35615, 36860, 38111, 39464, 40921, 42316, 43694, 44943, 46461, 47861, 49298, 50792, 52150, 53404, 54722, 56162, 57550, 58850, 60088, 61465, 62941, 64435, 65735, 67145, 68392, 69666, 70997, 72374, 73736, 75182, 76529, 77937, 79297, 80677, 82143, 83563, 85041, 86470, 87830, 89273, 90643, 92083, 93375, 94717, 94778 ]
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES Enhancing Sustainable Development through the Promotion of Business Education: Implications for Educational Evaluation Charles O. Iwundu Professor, Department of Educational Psychology Guidance and Counselling, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni Port Harcourt, Nigeria Dr. Dorothy Chikaodi Inko-Tariah Senior Lecturer, Department of Educational Psychology Guidance and Counselling, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni Port Harcourt, Nigeria Dr. V. Obowu-Adutchay Lecturer, Department of Educational Psychology Guidance and Counselling, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract: The role of business education in the development of any nation is highly indispensable and should begin with training people in business in a formal school setting. Knowledge acquired in business education can sharpen one's thinking and behaviour by making one have the necessary skills needed as the bedrock of national development. The paper highlights how business education, a component of technical education makes people to be self-reliant, professionally competent, and employable thus leading to sustainable development. The implications for educational evaluation were also stressed and recommendations made. Keywords: Sustainable development, Business education, Education evaluation. 1. Introduction The world today is predominantly and significantly shaped by the overwhelming impact of vocational and technical-science education. This is where the concept, theory of human capital comes in, because, investment in human beings yield more returns in the form of increased productivity. The economic value of education of every nation attains its sustainable analytical attention when its growth is maximally sustained and promoted. This is achievable only when: (a) education is able to raise the productivity and income level of workers either through the diffusion of skills or the organization of work procedures: (b) education can increase the allocative efficiency by increasing the flexibility and mobility of the labour force in response to change in the demand of labour: (c) education is able to promote technical change and thus productivity and output growth in various ways (Sheeham in Olu, 1997) The declining trend in enrolment of business education at tertiary level and its allied subjects at senior secondary school certificate examinations calls for serious questions as to what are the policy makers and those who implement them doing to redress the ugly,sad and disturbing scenario?. Proper identification of the possible causes of low enrolment on both post-primary and post-secondary institutions will go a long way in redressing the trend. (Abba, Bello& Aliyu, 1999) A close look at the collapse of the 220.127.116.11system of education shows that the death of the system could be attributed to the poor implementation of the policy on the part of government, unattractiveness of vocational-technical teaching and the stigma of extreme poverty and pity associated with teaching. Others include vocational-technical teachers abandoning teaching for more lucrative appointments, non-payments of teachers' allowance and overcrowded time-table. (Abba, Bello & Aliyu,1999). 2. Man, the Society and Business Education Man as part and parcel of the society and as a homo-sapient is business oriented: right from the creation of the universe, God in His magnificent status has demonstrated explicitly that He is a business-oriented God. It took God six solid working days to create the world. In the vein, right from birth our life and existence have been associated with business, while our experience, growth and development have always hinged on education which is drilling, shaping, developing, learning and training. The word ''Business'' therefore, is conceptualized in different perspectives. It connotes occupation, work, trade, professional (science), activity (technology), skill (activity), action, top quality, patronage, governance, management, practice etc., while the word ''Education'' symbolizes drilling, tutoring, teaching, Guidance, directing and counselling etc. (Oxford English Dictionary) Business education as a component of technical education is about training people in business in a formal school setting with a view of helping them to be self-reliant, professionally competent, employable, and agents of national development (Isaiah 2001). As every 276 Vol 3 Issue 12 December, 2015 profession is business-oriented, experts in business education are required to complement the role of each profession. This is where secretarial, accounting, sales and human management come in. There is no notable establishment or organization that can dispense easily with the complementary role of business experts (Ubulom, 1999). Their role in every nation's economic growth is highly indispensable and therefore requires a formal training for proper accountability and astuteness in dexterity: that is; a training that will ensure transparency in behavior, honesty and integrity, geared towards elimination of unscrupulous behavior pattern that are capable of bringing any establishment and the nation to adisrepute (Amaehule, 1999, Olwa, 2001). The foregoing extrapolations are clear embellishments of the objectives of the business education. It is in the light of this argument that Amaehule (1999explained how the knowledge acquired in the teaching of business education can sharpen our thinking and behavior by ways of ensuring correct attitudes, skills and teachings against dishonesty, disloyalty, tardiness lack of initiative and promotion of cooperative efforts in organizations, which in addition are accomplished through programme offerings, that cover office practice, secretarial duties, business ethics and practices, that enhance productivity and serve as the bedrock of national development. Conceptually, business education as an aspect of pedagogical orientation offered at the higher institutions of learning, prepares students for careers in business. Its aim as earlier pontificated is to teach people how to handle their affairs in business and be good citizens of the society. It is also designed with the fundamental aim of uplifting one's skill as well as provisions of required skills needed to secure gainful employment for the purpose of earning a living and success in life through further education. It is equally indispensable as preparation for many professions such as that of being a civil servant, accountant, administrator, lawyer, and business teachers (Ubulom and Ukwuije, 2000). 3. Business Education and National Development There are two types of development; intrinsic and extrinsic development. While intrinsic is qualitative in nature, extrinsic is quantitative. For a nation to be seen as a developing nation, it must develop both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative development represents an appreciable increase in the number of basic infrastrure put in place by a nation, while qualitative development encompasses increase in a nation's human capital. This bring us to the meaning and scope of human capital theory: which states that people spend on themselves in diverse ways, not only for the sake of present employments but also for the sake of future pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns. They may purchase health care; they may voluntarily acquire additional education: they may spend time searching for job with the highest possible rate of pay instead of accepting the first offer that come along. They may purchase information about job opportunities, they may choose job with low pay but high learning potential in preference to dead-end jobs with high pay (Blaug, 1980 in Nte and Amadi, 2005). That is why Ulinfunin Awaewhule (1999), averred and posited that business education must answer Nigeria's many problems which include problems of ethnic grouping, problems of language, problems of greed, ignorance and health, problems of underdevelopment due essentially to lack of highly trained talents and problems of pitiable wastage. In addition, Eze (1991), succinctly puts that one major objectives of training management personnel is to enable them improve their efficiency and effectiveness at work, as no organization can survive if its personnel are lacking in these two qualities: bearing in mind that the training of management personnel is the most important aspect of human resource management which plays a significant role in manpower planning and organizational development. It is in this regard, business education is said to be contributing through its objectives and programme offering significantly to industrial productivity and by implication, economic development of the nation (Amaewhule, 1999). 4. Epileptic Growth of Business Education In several cases the term ''business education'' says Ubulom in Ubulom and Ukwuije (2005), is wrongly and interchangeably been used in place of such terms like ''business administration'', ''business management'', and ''business studies''. The term therefore is a comparatively new development in the pedagogical system of most developing nations like Nigeria and as such different from those other concepts. Unfortunately, there has been a downward trend in in the growth of business education in Nigeria with a dwindling interest in students' enrolment both at tertiary and secondary levels of education. A study on ''wastage in business education'' carried out in the federal college of education (technical) Asaba, Delta state of Nigeria. By Okwelle and Obiyai (2002), revealed that the estimate percentage drop in business teacher education between 1990 and 1991 academic session, showed that 14.27% dropouts and 29.76% repeat students in three-year cycle witnessed the greatest wastage in the second year of study. The high number of dropout recoded in the first year of study as shown by the school records was due to voluntary withdrawal of students from the school records were as a result of the students failing to obtain the minimum cumulative point average (CPA) to proceed to the next level of study. In another study on ''gender perspective of career choice of business education option among undergraduates of Rivers university of science and technology from 2000-2004'' by Gabriel and Isirimah (2006), it was found out that, going by the data from past records in the department, gender significantly influenced the occupational preference for secretarial administration and management options in favour of females as against males in favour of accountancy and marketing options. A situation which implied that there was a disparity in the choice of career of business education among males and females. A study which investigated the ''relationship between attitudes, interests and values of students and their academic achieve in junior schools certificate business studies of some selected secondary schools in Port Harcourt metropolis'' and carried out by Enyekit and Ubulom (2001), revealed that students who had positive attitude towards business studies, students who had interest in business studies, and those who attached much value to business studies performed much better than those who did not. Negerebo (2006), investigated the impact of ''technological advancement on the acquisition of secretarial skills in Nigeria''. Using Rivers state university of science and technology as a case study, discovered that there was a negative relationship between 277 Vol 3 Issue 12 December, 2015 technological advancement and the acquisition of secretarial skills hence, recommended that in order to benefit from the high productivity of the computers, identified solutions to the problems militating against the acquisition of knowledge should be implemented in universities. Okala (2001), in a study on ''Government Funding of business education programmes in public schools as poor funding equipment, buildings and staffing were responsible for the decadence in business education programme in Nigeria hence, the need for alternative source of funding. 5. Enhancing Sustainable Development through Business Education In an opinion survey undertaken by Amaewhule (1999), on the ''Appraisal of the role of business education in Nigeria's industrial productivity''. Using experts and practitioners in economics and education in Port Harcourt metropolis, found out that business education as part of vocational education through its objective and programme offerings contribute significantly to the nation's economic development through its emphasis on skills development, entrepreneurship, and ethnical practices in the work place, and as such should be sustained if the nation is to attain an appreciable level of economic development. The study which investigated ''people's attitudes towards secretarial education'', with special focus on secretarial teachers, parents of the secretarial education students, secretarial education students, non-secretarial students and the general public for Port Harcourt metropolis and Rivers state university of science and technology by Ubulom (1999), revealed that respondents had positive attitude towards secretarial education hence no significant difference were recorded among them. An indication that people are more than ever before becoming aware of the vital role of secretarial education in the improvement of the Nigeria economy. In view of this, Owens in Isaiah (2000), suggested that career paths may change dramatically as a result of office automation. And for this reason, business education has ceased to be a dumping ground for the dropout '' as modern technology takes over the office, the discipline itself, demand more intelligent, versatile, creative and hardworking people. The need to organize learning relevant to real world situation is crucial to business education hence, more pragmatic method are needed to achieve this aim. That means the activities must be tailored in such a way that students hear, see and do, as doing provides the information of genuine learning. 6. Implications for Evaluation For business education to adequately promote sustainable development in Nigeria, there should be strong evaluation strategies will be seared towards to producing graduates who are highly motivated and equipped to push the work force to the next level. Graduates need to be skilled enough to be self-employed. They will be guided towards becoming employers of labour rather than looking for white colour jobs. There is need for graduates to work on their own without much supervision. For this to become real there must be an integration of both formative and summative evaluation. Developing students' evaluative skills according to Gillepsie (2015) is one of the greatest challenges of teachers of business education. This requires patience and dedication on the part of teachers. Formative evaluation- should include different strategies like, self-evaluation, peer evaluation, useful descriptive feedback which together form ''evaluation for learning''. While summative evaluation ''evaluation of learning'' should be conducted for certification. For business education graduates to be trained for self-employment and sustainable development much of self-evaluation should be practiced. This provides an opportunity for a student to evaluate his own achievements which should focus not just on the present but also on longterm plans (CIO, 2013). This involves teaching students to set success criteria and work towards them as they learn to learn even when out of school and can always evaluate their works against the set criteria. This skill can take them through life and help them carry out projects on their own. Students can learn to relate programme out comes directly to objectives and by choosing and using appropriate words that demonstrate objectivity with specific meanings, suggesting specific improvements and including task related action plans, they have acquired live- long skills(AMA,2015).And when they set success criteria they can work out to achieve them. This way graduates come out confident, self-reliant, purpose driven and equipped to develop the society sustainably. This shift in evaluation is necessary as the conventional method has only produced unskilled graduates with paper qualification who cannot function effectively in the work place. 7. Conclusion It is the averred position of this paper that if Nigeria must develop its full potential, it will be necessary to study the deficiencies in the principles guiding the present application of the tenets of vocational-technical business education. This means that there must be substantive radical changes to avoid something similar to that which affected Germany in the early 1920s. The concerted efforts made by some developing nations in improving their GDP (Gross Domestic product) and human capacity building saw an unprecedented turn around in their economy. This makes them rank high among the developing nations of the world, for example; India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Brazil, Mexico, Korea, to mention but a few (Freeman, 1995). That also bring us to the use of the term ''sustainable development''. It is a compound term that has ranked highest on the political and economic agenda of all developing countries of the world. For us to forge ahead and meet with challenges of the time, we must begin to address the issue on the way forward to attain sustainable development (Uzor, 1999). For Business Education to lead to sustainable development, evaluation strategies should be geared towards evaluation for learning than evaluation of learning to equip graduates who will effectively make their marks in the development of the society. 278 Vol 3 Issue 12 December, 2015 8. References i. Abba, Z. S., Bello. A, &Aliyu, M. (1999). Production and Retention of trained Technical Teachers in Nigeria.E.S. Obando,& O.I. Olabode. Teacher Education for Sustainable Development in Nigeria. Katsina: F.C.E (51-59). ii. AMA, (2015). How to make your own performance review. American Management Association. Retrieved from www.amanet.org/..../how-to-write-your-how-. iii. Amaewhule, W.(1999). An Appraisal of the role of Business education in Nigeria's industrial productivity. Institute journal for education research and development 1(2) 157-160. iv. CIO,(2013). 10 tipsfor making self evaluation meaningful.CIO, CXO media Inc. Retrieved from www.cio.com/.../careerstaffing-10-tips- v. Enyekit,E.O. & Ubulom, W.J. (2001). Attitude, interest and value correlates of academic achievement in junior school certificate business studies of some selected secondary schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis, journal of vocational, science and Educational Development, 2 (1&2), 119-126. vi. Eze, N.(1991). The Economic and management Performance in Nigeria, Nigeria journal of psychology 8(2),24-33. vii. Freeman, L.K. (1995). The economic and moral alternative to the present monetary system. Report on the second Nigeria economic summit Ibadan. Spectrum Books Ltd.15-17. viii. Gillespie, A. (2015). Building effective evaluation skills in A level business studies. Teaching Business and Economics.9 (2). ix. Gabriel, A.O. & Isirimah, E.U (2006). A gender perspective of career choice of business education option among undergraduates of Rivers state university of science and technology2000-2004 Ogele journal of social science and humanities. 1 (10), 46-55. x. Isaiah, O. (2001). Technological advancement and business education. challenges ahead by the year 2010. Africa Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2. (1).139-143. xi. Ngerebo, T.A. (2006). The impact of technological advancement on the acquisition of secretarial skills in Nigeria. African journal of professional research in human development. 6. 47-55. xii. Nte,A.R. & Amadi, E.A. (2005). Introduction to economics of education for Nigeria. Port Harcour: Minson Publication. xiii. Okala.O.(2001). Government funding of business education programmes in public schools. A case study of Rivers state of Nigeria. African journal of Agriculture Teacher Education. 10 (1&2). 55-62. xiv. Okwelle, P.C. & Obiyia, K.K. (2002). Wastage in business education. Implications for teacher education in federal college of education (technical) Asaba, Delta state of Nigeria. African journal of agiculture teacher education. 11 ( 1&2). 165-170. xv. Olu, A.F. (2007). Education of the child. A pre-requisite for national development. In Ohanado, E.S. Ohanado, A. iyela, J. Agbo, K. Mohammed & A. Usman.(Ed) Development Katisina F.C.E, 92-97. xvi. Ubulom, W.J. (1999). An investigation into people's attitude towards secretarial education. Port Harcourt Journal of Psychology and Counselling. .5.77-84 xvii. Oxford English Dictionary. 279 Vol 3 Issue 12 December, 2015	<urn:uuid:67d08ca5-eba3-4e00-80a5-892e0ff12094>	CC-MAIN-2018-13	http://theijhss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/41.-HS1512-042.pdf	2018-03-24T05:48:24Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257649931.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20180324054204-20180324074204-00613.warc.gz	300,104,971	4,188	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.947965	eng_Latn	0.994201	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4610, 11717, 18013, 21089 ]
Following the success of our programme last year, we are pleased to be offering an exciting range of interactive equality and diversity learning events once again across our ESBT Alliance to celebrate National Inclusion Week from 24 – 30 September 2018. Many of the workshop leaders are volunteers who have given their time freely to take part in this programme. All sessions are free of charge but places are limited and we would ask that people only book onto the sessions they plan to attend. You can find out more about each of the sessions on the following pages. With sessions ranging from building a dementia friendly community to a panel discussion with local faith leaders on how faith may impact on someone's health and wellbeing and their attitudes towards health and care, we hope you'll be able to join us and look forward to seeing you there. Book your place now via Eventbrite at https://esbt2018niw.eventbrite.co.uk Monday 24 September 2018 Raise awareness Promote inclusion Celebrate diversity Building a Carer friendly community Care for the Carers are working to build a 'Carer Friendly East Sussex' to ensure that no carer is left to care alone and that all health services are 'carer aware'. As part of their initiative to build carer friendly communities they are offering carer awareness training covering the following areas: A 'Carer Friendly Community' approach - why is this important?; Who are unpaid carers and what is the impact of caring?; The importance of identifying and supporting carers; Carer's rights – the new framework and What can we do to improve carers experience and the support available? Venue: St Mary's House (SMH 103), 52 St Leonards Road Eastbourne East Sussex BN21 3UU Lead: Care for the Carers Faith perspectives in health and care This 'question time' style panel discussion will be an opportunity to hear from faith leaders on how all faiths and none may impact on individual health, wellbeing and choices in relation to care and support. Speakers include representatives from Buddhism, Christianity, Humanism, Judaism and Paganism. Venue: Eastbourne Town Hall, Grove Rd, Eastbourne BN21 4TX Lead: Eastbourne Faith Forum Introduction to Transgender Awareness With an estimated 1% of the population falling somewhere on the broad "trans" spectrum; health and care organisations are likely to encounter a range of diverse trans people in the course of their work. Employers, too, need to be ready and able to welcome, include and support trans people as part of their workforce. This session will provide a short introductory taster to some of the terms, identities and experiences of Trans people with a basic grounding in trans-inclusive approaches required as part of our public sector equality and inclusion responsibilities. Venue: St Mary's House (Cuckmere 1), 52 St Leonards Road Eastbourne East Sussex BN21 3UU Lead: Nicky Cambridge, Stakeholder Engagement Lead, ESBT CCGs Unconscious Bias Your background and personal experiences alongside societal stereotypes and cultural context can have an impact on your decisions and actions without you realising. Implicit or unconscious bias happens when our brains making incredibly quick judgments and assessments of people and situations without us realising. Our biases are influenced by our background, cultural environment and personal experiences. We may not even be aware of these views and opinions, or be aware of their full impact and implications. This interactive session will be an opportunity for you to understand your own biases, knowledge gap areas, strengths and help further support your contribution to creating an inclusive culture. Venue: G09, Friars Walk, Lewes, BN7 2PB Lead: Nicky Cambridge, Stakeholder Engagement Lead & Colleen Hart, Head of Workforce Planning, ESBT CCGs Being a Dementia friend The Alzheimer's Society's Dementia Friends programme is the biggest ever initiative to change people's perceptions of dementia. It aims to transform the way the nation thinks, acts and talks about the condition. This workshop will compromise a 'Dementia Friends' awareness session followed by a discussion and exercises exploring how we can create Dementia friendly environments and services. Dementia Friends is about learning more about dementia and the small ways you can help. From telling friends about the Dementia Friends programme to visiting someone you know living with dementia, every action counts. Venue: St Mary's House (SMH 102), 52 St Leonards Road Eastbourne East Sussex BN21 3UU Lead: Ian Cottrell, Wealden Dementia Alliance Introduction to Learning Disabilities with the Involvement Matters Team This workshop provides attendees with an opportunity to find out more about supporting and working with people with Learning Disabilities from our Involvement Matters Team: "We are the Involvement Matters Team. We are self-advocates and are members of the Learning Disability Partnership Board. Since 2008 we have been delivering a project called Strong Voices; Big Ears. Our project involves connecting with hundreds of people with learning disabilities living in East Sussex. They tell us their experiences and views on many different topics and situations." Venue: St Mary's House (SMH Ground 2), 52 St Leonards Road Eastbourne East Sussex BN21 3UU Lead: Involvement Matters Team Sight Loss awareness training with The Royal National Institute of Blind People The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) is the UK's leading charity supporting blind and partially sighted people. They offer practical and emotional support to those that need it, so they can continue living life to the full. This interactive session will be an opportunity to understand more about Sight Loss including braille and Sighted Guiding taster training. Venue: G09, Friars Walk, Lewes, BN7 2PB Lead: Royal National Institute of Blind People Building a Carer friendly community (with a focus on young carers) The number of young carers in the UK has risen significantly in the last few years. We also know young adult carers aged between 16 and 18 years are twice as likely to be not in education, employment, or training. This session led by Care for the Carers will look specifically at young carers and how we can be more 'young carer aware'. Venue: St Mary's House (Cuckmere 1), 52 St Leonards Road Eastbourne East Sussex BN21 3UU Lead: Care for the Carers Building a Carer friendly community A further opportunity to understand how we can build a 'Carer Friendly East Sussex' to ensure that no carer is left to care alone and that all health services are 'carer aware'. As part of their initiative to build carer friendly communities they are offering carer awareness training covering the following areas: A 'Carer Friendly Community' approach - why is this important?; Who are unpaid carers and what is the impact of caring?; The importance of identifying and supporting carers; Carer's rights – the new framework and What can we do to improve carers experience and the support available? Venue: St Mary's House (Room SMH 103), 52 St Leonards Road Eastbourne East Sussex BN21 3UU Lead: Care for the Carers Exploring impact and working with our community Equality Impact Assessments are required whenever policy or service changes are planned and/or when services are created or removed as they enable public sector organisations to demonstrate compliance with the Equality Act 2010. This session will provide an opportunity to look at how we understand and consider impact and work with our community to complete Equality Impact Assessments. Hear more about the mechanisms or support available to help us in understanding impact. Venue: St Mary's House (SMH 103), 52 St Leonards Road Eastbourne East Sussex BN21 3UU Lead: Seanne Sweeney, Equality & Engagement Officer, Adult Social Care and Health Book your place now via Eventbrite at https://esbt2018niw.eventbrite.co.uk	<urn:uuid:ae427d4d-eafe-44e0-a023-4c652f6e2df3>	CC-MAIN-2019-39	https://news.eastsussex.gov.uk/health-and-care-news-east-sussex/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/ESBT-Alliance-2018-Programme.pdf	2019-09-19T21:14:04Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573735.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20190919204548-20190919230548-00042.warc.gz	590,013,192	1,656	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.994485	eng_Latn	0.996431	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 960, 3483, 7066, 7956 ]
VOLUNTARY REPORT OF POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 7/1/2017 – 12/31/2017 TRADE ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIPS Trade association memberships with dues exceeding $50,000 in 2017: - Alabama Forestry Association* - American Forest & Paper Association* - The Business Roundtable* - Fibre Box Association - Forest Resources Association, Inc.* - National Association of Manufacturers* - Northwest Pulp & Paper Association* *During 2017, the average estimated percentage of time dedicated to lobbying activity, as reported by all trade associations that lobbied, was 24%. CONTRIBUTIONS TO 501(c)(4) s AND OTHER POLITICAL TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS: - Alabama Civil Justice Reform Committee - The Congressional Institute - California Women's Leadership Association - Center Forward - The Congressional Black Caucus Institute - Experience Mississippi - Public Affairs Council - Republican Main Street Partnership - The Ripon Society CONTRIBUTIONS TO 527 ORGANIZATIONS: None INDEPENDENT POLITICAL EXPENDITURES: None CONTRIBUTIONS TO BALLOT MEASURE COMMITTEES: None CORPORATE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS: - Arkansas Chamber of Commerce PAC-$5,000 - Arkansas First and Finest PAC-$2,000 - Arkansas Forest and Paper Council Forest for the Future PAC-$5,000 - Arkansas Forest Express PAC-$5,000 - Jobs and Growth PAC-$3,000 - New York State Democratic Assembly Campaign Committee (Housekeeping)- $4,000 - New York State Senate Republican Campaign Committee (Housekeeping)- $4,000 - New York State Republican Assembly Campaign Committee (Housekeeping)- $2,750 - New York State Democratic Senate Campaign Committee (Housekeeping)- $1,750 The following disclaimer was included in transmittal letters with dues & contributions to 501 (c) (4)s and other political tax-exempt organizations: "International Paper is making this payment on the condition that none of these funds should or will be used for political purposes under the Federal Election Campaign Act."	<urn:uuid:2e568d1e-1803-41b0-b0d6-1377a5030e70>	CC-MAIN-2019-39	http://www.internationalpaper.com/docs/default-source/english/company/leadership/2017-end-of-year-voluntary-report-of-political-contributions-(july-dec).pdf?sfvrsn=28	2019-09-22T03:54:49Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575076.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20190922032904-20190922054904-00316.warc.gz	275,605,084	444	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.824091	eng_Latn	0.824091	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1937 ]
MEDIA RELEASE 1 July 2019 Community meeting for Give It a Go program Huon Valley Council invites community members to attend a meeting from 3.30pm–4.30pm at the Dover District School Hall on Friday 5 July to discuss ideas for After School Activities for young people in the Dover area. The focus of the meeting will be the development of a beneficial community-driven program that will improve the health and wellbeing of young people through their involvement in fun and rewarding after school activities. With funding obtained from the State Government through a Healthy Tasmania Community Innovations Grant, the Give It a Go program will support the physical and mental wellness of children as part of the Council's ongoing commitment to helping more Huon Valley residents live healthier and longer lives. The program presents an opportunity to utilise our local people of the Huon Valley region in the application of skills and expertise, thereby providing community services free of cost. "Community involvement means saved funds can be put back into town projects and initiatives, so it's greatly appreciated," Huon Valley Mayor Bec Enders said. "We are eager to hear from community members with a special gift, skill or passion to share," Cr Enders said. "This may include sport or fitness, music, art and trades. Business owners and community group leaders are also invited come and along and share their ideas." If you have a skill or idea to contribute but are unable to attend, please contact Angela Barrington, Manager Community Development, on 6264 0300 or email [email protected]. For more information: Mayor Bec Enders (03) 6264 0300	<urn:uuid:fc50d2bd-0ad9-4500-8edd-87a8a62293fb>	CC-MAIN-2019-39	https://www.huonvalley.tas.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/190701-Media-Release-Community-Meeting-for-Give-It-a-Go.pdf	2019-09-22T11:52:36Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575513.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20190922114839-20190922140839-00517.warc.gz	886,429,837	336	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998194	eng_Latn	0.998194	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1665 ]
St. Elizabeth Seton OCTOBER NEWSLETTER And just like that, the first month of school is over and we are moving right along into October. Where did September go? With all of our new routines and procedures it was a busy month of learning for all of us but students adjusted well and have settled into their classrooms. Thank you for your patience, understanding, positive attitude, and support as we began the year in our "new normal." Please take a few minutes to read through the following points about important information and updates. COVID-19 We continue to take direction and follow the guidelines from Alberta Health Services regarding COVID-19 protocols. We ask that you continue to complete the COVID-19 screen with your child each morning to determine if they are healthy enough to attend school. In the event that your child becomes unwell during the day we ask that you make arrangements as soon as possible to have your child picked up. Parents who pick up their child from school will be given the COVID-19 Illness document which outlines the timelines and expectations before a child can return to school. As always, we encourage you to access the RDCRS Parent/Student Handbook for the most up to date information. 1 Locker Use & Winter Gear While we have been blessed with amazing weather this past month, we are all still aware that we live in Alberta. This means that colder days and the white stuff will be arriving shortly! And on that note, as our temperatures start to drop, please ensure that your children are coming to school everyday with their warmer gear as we will be heading outside for our recess breaks. In anticipation of colder temperatures and all of the gear that comes with this, we are starting to roll out the use of our lockers for students. We will be doing this slowly over the next couple of weeks starting with our Grade 1 students. We will be ensuring that our locker use is staggered to allow for social distancing and for the maintenance of our cohorts. Missing Work Due to Absence Over the next few weeks, your teacher(s) will be communicating with you on how to access school work should your child be away from school for a significant period of time. The material will all be available online and will allow for you to work with your child on relevant material to what is being covered in the class without having to request a "homework package" and then coming into the school to pick it up and potentially drop it off later. The work that you will find online will help to keep your child progressing on the core aspects of their curriculum but will not contain specific homework assignments that need to be collected after your child returns. This work is not mandatory but is simply a service we wish to provide during a time where we know many students may be away for extended periods of time. Footprints of Faith Celebrations In years past, St. Elizabeth Seton School held Footprints of Faith celebrations where we honoured and recognized students for the joyful spirit that they have shown. With our COVID-19 safety procedures in place, having a large group of students in the gym at one time is currently not possible. However, we would still like to continue the tradition of this celebration during these unique times. At the end of each month, we will be sending home a video with the month's winners along with a few other presentations to recognize the unique gifts and talents that our students have. It took us a bit of time to wrap our heads around how this was going to work so our September video will be coming to you this Thursday. Halloween Costumes & Food Halloween is one of the most exciting times of the year for many of our students. We are happy that, while many things have changed this year, wearing costumes to school is one tradition that we will be able to continue! Please feel free to send your child to school on Friday, October 30th, with their costumes. Please leave any accessories that may be associated with the costume at home. If you wish to send an extra treat with your child in their lunch that would be great, however, we will not be able to accept food donations in our classrooms for general student consumption due safety regulations. Safety Patrol We are very excited that we have had wonderful grade 4 and 5 students sign up for this year's edition of the AMA Safety Patrol! They took part in a training session on the afternoon of October 7, and are so excited to get started! Our first day on patrol will be Tuesday, October 13. They will be patrolling the crosswalks crossing Addinell Avenue (next to the staff parking lot) and at the corner of Addinell and Anders Street. When you see them patrolling the crosswalks, be sure to thank them, as they show great leadership and commitment to keep our students safe every day! Upcoming Dates Friday, October 9th No School - Professional Development Day Monday, October 12th No School - Thanksgiving Tuesday, October 13th School Council Meeting [7:00 pm] Wednesday, October 14th Crazy Hair Day Friday, October 23rd No School - Professional Development Day Monday, October 26th Picture Day (Day 1) Tuesday, October 27th Picture Day (Day 2) Friday, October 30th Halloween Costume Day Again, we thank you for your support and are so grateful to work together with you. As always, please do not hesitate to reach out to us if you have any questions or concerns. Yours in Christ, Mike Cellini [email protected]	<urn:uuid:1ac390fa-40e7-4f51-b797-b8d6c6ae5809>	CC-MAIN-2021-10	https://www.stelizabethsetonschool.ca/download/304965	2021-03-01T04:12:29+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-10/subset=warc/part-00086-dbb5a216-bcb2-4bff-b117-e812a7981d21.c000.gz.parquet	999,395,213	1,155	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998591	eng_Latn	0.998867	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1236, 3622, 5507 ]
Violin Notes For Our God Chris Tomlin Getting the books violin notes for our god chris tomlin now is not type of inspiring means. You could not deserted going when books deposit or library or borrowing from your associates to read them. This is an certainly simple means to specifically acquire lead by on-line. This online proclamation violin notes for our god chris tomlin can be one of the options to accompany you in imitation of having new time. It will not waste your time. consent me, the e-book will entirely proclaim you extra concern to read. Just invest little become old to gain access to this on-line statement violin notes for our god chris tomlin as without difficulty as review them wherever you are now. There are over 58,000 free Kindle books that you can download at Project Gutenberg. Use the search box to find a specific book or browse through the detailed categories to find your next great read. You can also view the free Kindle books here by top downloads or recently added. Violin Notes For Our God Download and print in PDF or MIDI free sheet music for our god is an awesome god by Hillsongs arranged by Ellis Page for Violin, Drum Group, Cello, Contrabass (Mixed Ensemble) Our God Orchestra Arrangement Sheet music for Violin, Drum ... Print and Download Our God (Original Key) Violin sheet music. Individual Part,Sheet Music Single,Solo Part sheet music by Chris Tomlin : Kevin Busse at Sheet Music Plus: The World Largest Selection of Sheet Music. (H0.312499-209762). Our God (Original Key) Violin By Chris Tomlin - Digital ... Print and Download Our God sheet music. Lead Sheet sheet music by Chris Tomlin : Jose Daniel Morales at Sheet Music Plus: The World Largest Selection of Sheet Music. (H0.302949-209762). Our God By Chris Tomlin - Digital Sheet Music For Violin ... Piano/Vocal (SATB) Details . Download the sheet music for Our God by Chris Tomlin / Passion, from the album Passion: Awakening.This song was arranged by Dan Galbraith in the key of B, A, Bb, Ab, G, F, D. Our God Sheet Music (Chris Tomlin / Passion) - PraiseCharts Learn how to play the notes of "How great is our God" on violin for free using our animated scrolling tablature for the easiest way to quickly learn the music. Enjoy playing along with 1 backing tracks which you can control with the track display. Use this tutorial with our tab to learn the song without having to read notes in sheet music. Learn How Great Is Our God Violin - How To Play Tutorial ... Print and download Our God sheet music by Chris Tomlin. Sheet music arranged for Piano/Vocal/Guitar, and Singer Pro in B Major (transposable). SKU: MN0082069 Chris Tomlin "Our God" Sheet Music in B Major ... Trad. Let All Together Praise Our God sheet music for Violin - 8notes.com Let All Together Praise Our God sheet music for Violin ... Free Violin Sheet Music – A Mighty Fortress Is Our God. Free Violin Sheet Music – A Mighty Fortress Is Our God. Here is free violin sheet music for A Mighty Fortress Is Our God in the keys of A, Bb, C, D, Eb, F, and G Major. Made famous by Martin Luther in the Reformation. Free Violin Sheet Music – A Mighty Fortress Is Our God ... Free Violin Sheet Music – All Creatures Of Our God And King Here is free violin sheet music for All Creatures Of Our God And King in the keys of A, Bb, C, D, Eb, F, and G Major. Enjoy! Free Violin Sheet Music – All Creatures Of Our God And ... Browse our 14 arrangements of "Awesome God." Sheet music is available for Piano, Voice, Guitar and 6 others with 12 scorings and 5 notations in 6 genres. Find your perfect arrangement and access a variety of transpositions so you can print and play instantly, anywhere. Lyrics begin: "When He rolls up His sleeve, He ain't just "puttin' on the ... "Awesome God" Sheet Music - 14 Arrangements Available ... Notes on Violin (First Position) - Duration: 14:06. Measure By Measure Recommended for you. 14:06. How Great Is Our God/How Great Thou Art (Live)- Chris Tomlin - Duration: 5:51. Our God~Violin Cover by Vikezo Violin I Violin I Violin II Violin II Violoncello Contrabass ... Our God (strings) final Author: Charity Created Date: 2/18/2011 9:41:58 PM ... Our God (strings) final - WordPress.com Violin Notes For Our God Chris Tomlin [EPUB] Violin Notes For Our God Chris TomlinFree download Sooner you acquire the book, sooner you can enjoy reading the violin notes for our god chris tomlin. It will be your point to save downloading the autograph album in provided link. In this way, you can in point of fact make a another that is served ... Violin Notes For Our God Chris Tomlin Violin Notes For Our God Chris Tomlin Author: www.voteforselfdetermination.co.za-2020-11-17T00:00:00+00:01 Subject: Violin Notes For Our God Chris Tomlin Keywords: violin, notes, for, our, god, chris, tomlin Created Date: 11/17/2020 12:07:16 PM Violin Notes For Our God Chris Tomlin Page 1/2 Copyright : sass.fffunction.co Bach, Johann Sebastian A Mighty Fortress is Our God (Ein Feste Burg) sheet music for Violin - 8notes.com Bach - A Mighty Fortress is Our God (Ein Feste Burg) sheet ... Our God sheet music was written for Lyrics & Chords consists of 2 page(s). The song is being conducted by Chris Tomlin.It has been arranged for 'Religious' and the number (SKU) in the catalogue is 163387. This Lyrics & Chords sheet music was originally published in the key of . Authors/composers of this song: kimb.This score was first released on Tuesday 22nd December, 2015 and was last ... Chris Tomlin "Our God" Sheet Music \| Download PDF Score 163387 Sheet Music CC is a site for those who wants to access popular sheet music easily, letting them download the sheet music for free for trial purposes. It's completely free to download and try the listed sheet music, but you have to delete the files after 24 hours of trial. Don't forget, if you like the piece of music you have just learned playing, treat the artist with respect, and go buy the ... Chris Tomlin - How Great Is Our God - Sheet Music Buy Behold Our God (Violin Solo ) by Jonath at jwpepper.com. Violin Sheet Music. The majesty and greatness of God are clearly outlined by the pr Behold Our God (Violin Solo ) by Jonath \| J.W. Pepper ... Our God - Chris Tomlin - Violin VersionAlbum: And if our God is for us... Our God - Chris Tomlin - Violin Version - YouTube Jan 9, 2016 - Download and Print How Great Is Our God sheet music for Piano, Vocal & Guitar (Right-Hand Melody) by Chris Tomlin from Sheet Music Direct. Jan 9, 2016 ... Sheet Music Direct Sheet Music Notes Violin Sheet Music Digital Sheet Music Chris Tomlin Music For You Guitar Songs Printables Diy Things. Copyright code: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e. Page 2/2	<urn:uuid:9b6e0dfe-484a-4395-9466-8d992bbb3fc0>	CC-MAIN-2021-04	http://sass.fffunction.co/violin_notes_for_our_god_chris_tomlin.pdf	2021-01-23T05:30:54+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-04/subset=warc/part-00087-364a895c-5e5c-46bb-846e-75ec7de82b3b.c000.gz.parquet	102,796,783	1,639	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.984124	eng_Latn	0.98334	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4901, 6714 ]
THE COFFEY GROUP FINE HOMES INTERNATIONAL PRE-LISTING CONSULTATION KELLER WILLIAMS LUXURY INTERNATIONAL KW ISLAND LIFE REAL ESTATE KELLER WILLIAMS REALTY Brandy Coffey ABR, CIPS, CLHMS, CRS, RSPS, TRC AND LICENSED REAL ESTATE BROKER Brandy believes the basic tenets of service should be knowledge, honesty, loyalty, and trust. Marked by this philosophy, and a high degree of work ethic, The Coffey Group has grown to be one of the most successful real estate teams in Sarasota, Florida! The Coffey Group has consistently been in the top 1% for overall sales volume for Sarasota and Manatee County. A local graduate of USF she holds multiple professional designations. Certified International Property Specialist, Accredited Buyer’s Representative, Licensed Real Estate Broker. Brandy continually works with international brokers through a referral network of members with her Transnational Referral Certification. She is a member of the Institute for Luxury Home Marketing and holds the Certified Luxury Home Marketing Specialist Designation and is a member of the Million Dollar Guild. Brandy was recently asked to be a Social Media Ambassador for Keller Williams Realty International. Brandy has established herself as an expert in the second-home and investment property market with her Resort & Second Home Specialist Certification and has earned the Certified Residential Property Designation. Brandy is the Operating Principal & Broker for Keller Williams Island Life Real Estate. Brandy owns C & D property management and Global Property Repair for residential and commercial property to service all of her clients with their income-producing property needs. Brandy recently launched C & J Staging & Design in order to offer a concierge experience for her clients as well. The Coffey Group has team members in Manatee & Sarasota offices to serve their clients in both counties. Brandy has been an area resident in Sarasota for 35 yrs. The Coffey Group has established a global reach with referral agents. Keller Williams Worldwide & Keller Williams Luxury International have allowed the team to form strategic relationships with experienced agents across the globe. The Coffey Group’s relationships have allowed the team to handle all of their clients’ real estate needs in any location. BRANDY COFFEY OP, Keller Williams Island Life Real Estate Licensed Real Estate Broker ABR, CIPS, CLHMS, RSPS, TRC c: 941.284.4474 o: 941.404.4737 f: 941.404.4736 [email protected] www.BrandyCoffey.com The Coffey Group was founded by Brandy Coffey in response to an ideal that we should be serving our customers’ best interests at all times, with a company cornerstone being a philosophy of service. Ms. Coffey felt that the basic tenets of this service should be Knowledge, Honesty, Loyalty and Trust. Once this philosophy of service was conceived, Coffey & Company Realty was born. Marked by this philosophy, and a high degree of work ethic, Coffey & Company grew to be one of the most successful boutique real estate brokerages in Sarasota, Florida. In fact, Coffey & Company Realty had the highest sales volume of any boutique firm in all of Mainland Sarasota County! This success attracted a great deal of attention from some of the larger national firms seeking to expand their base. For over two years, we were courted by some of the most successful national real estate franchises in the world. Ultimately, we decided that we would merge with Keller Williams Realty and help them to launch their Luxury Homes Division here in Sarasota, as well as Venice. We continue to remain Coffey & Company, now as The Coffey Group Fine Homes International. However, we now have the added benefit of being associated with an international real estate brand that has recently been announced as the world’s largest international real estate franchise & the number one training company in the world– surpassing every other real estate company worldwide, to include Coldwell Banker, Re/Max and Century 21. Through our partnership with Keller Williams, The Global Property Specialist Division, and the Luxury Homes Division, among others, we have been able to expand our philosophy of service and provide an environment of change within the real estate community and our profession’s interactions with clients around the globe. The Coffey Group Fine Homes International is a full service real estate team centrally located in Venice, with newly opened offices in Downtown Bradenton, Venice and Longboat Key. Our professional and courteous sales staff is committed to the highest levels of service, dedication, loyalty and integrity to our clients. We assist our clients in all aspects of the home buying or selling process and consider ourselves to be professional consultants and representatives to the best interests of all of our clients. At The Coffey Group, we are not only interested in “closing the deal”, but in building lasting relationships with our clients. Through this philosophy, we treat our clients just as we would treat our own family. In fact, we seek to build a “family” of clients who can come to trust our knowledge, abilities, professionalism, and opinions when it counts the most. We appreciate our clients and we value their trusted relationships. We welcome you to join our family as well! OUR PHILOSPHY We do not accept “average.” “Average” is in the box. We do not reside there. We seek clients whom we can represent by providing the best possible resources, marketing, and negotiation in the purchase or sale of their property. We operate at a level that exceeds what we feel is generally average, or “old school” We embrace technology, the internet, social networking, and creative marketing strategies. We embrace energy and symbiotic relationships in our community and with our business partners. We believe in providing unparalleled commitment and loyalty to our clients and expect the same in return. We believe in what we do and set the bar very high when it comes to ethical conduct. Competition is good. It provides for continued development and growth. It keeps us on our toes and we like that. We seek clients for life. We build relationships and look for long term growth and sustainability in our approach to how we do business. MY POINTS OF DIFFERENCE 96% My list to sales price ratio 95% The local average 1,200 Homes Sold $375M Sales Volume 47 DAYS The median days to contract for my listings 51 The local median days to contract 5 DAYS Sold a home every 5 days 30 DAYS The local average days 20% Sell 20% of our own listings - Full-Time Sales Team including a Customer Service Coordinator - Full-Time In-Bound Licensed Associate and Licensed Mortgage Broker to Convert All Buyer Leads - Full-Time Buyer Specialists that work with Buyers only - Private office line answered by a Listing Coordinator - Extensive database with over 50,000 people to facilitate networking between buyers and sellers - Easy Exit Listing Agreement - Extensive database of vendors to help assist in getting your home sold including staging & repair services PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS: ABR, CIPS, CLHMS, CRS, RSPS, TRC, LICENSE REAL ESTATE BROKER INTERNATIONAL REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITIES YOU WANT AN AGENT WHO HAS THE KNOWLEDGE, NETWORK, AND TOOLS TO SUCCESSFULLY SELL YOUR PROPERTY. ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS®, INTERNATIONAL BUYERS: - Purchased property at an average price of $280,600, an increase from the national average of $290,600 - Paid cash 41% of the time - Bought existing single family homes 76% of the time - Accounted for $77.9 billion in sales from April 2019 - March 2019 - Make up 3% of national existing home sales - Purchased 36,400 Florida residential properties, making up 9% of Florida’s residential market - Foreign buyers purchased $16 billion of Florida’s existing detached single-family, townhomes, and condominiums in 2018 - 47% of foreign buyers purchased property as a primary residence. - 5% of foreign buyers purchasing property in Florida purchased in North Point-Sarasota-Bradenton - Purchased residential properties for vacation or residential rental 70% of the time FLORIDA DOMESTIC CLIENTS SEARCHING FOR PROPERTY ABROAD: - Latin American and Caribbean buyers accounted for the largest fraction of Florida’s foreign buyers at 43%, followed by Canadians at 23%, European at 19%, Asians at 8%, and Africans at 2% - 43% of clients were interested in residential property - 70% of clients intended to use the property for vacation or residential rentals RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES SOLD BY FOREIGNERS: - The majority of international clients who sold their U.S. residential property originate from Canada, China, India, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Properties owned by international clients sold for $246,479 on average and for a median of $288,600 Source: 2019 Profile of International Residential Real Estate Activity in Florida, Profile of International Transactions in U.S. Residential Estate KELLER WILLIAMS REALTY IS WORLDWIDE! Argentina • Belgium • Belize • Bermuda • Cambodia Canada • Chile • Colombia • Costa Rica • Czech Republic • Dubai, UAE • France • Greater Shanghai, China • Greece • Honduras • Indonesia • Ireland • Israel • Italy • Jamaica • Japan • Luxembourg • Malaysia • Mexico • Monaco • Morocco • Nicaragua • Northern Cyprus • Panama • Philippines • Poland • Portugal • Puerto Rico • Romania • Slovenia • Southern Africa • Southern Cyprus • Spain • Thailand • Trinidad and Tobago • Turkey • Turks and Caicos • United Kingdom • United States • Vietnam Offering comprehensive services to investors, property owners, tenants and developers around the world. Keller Williams Real Estate has an established network and a proven model that sets a framework for profitability in any markets across the globe. We know that the strongest enterprises are driven by top talent, and our growth strategy is completely centered on getting in business with the very best people in the real estate industry across the globe. With more than 181,000 real estate agents worldwide, operating in more than 900 market centers across the globe, Keller Williams is currently the largest real estate franchise by agent count in the World! AWARDS & HONORS PRINCIPAL 10 BEST COMPANIES FOR EMPLOYEE FINANCIAL SECURITY Keller Williams was featured in Inc. magazine for commitment to financial and physical wellness COMPUTERWORLD DATA+ EDITORS’ CHOICE AWARD Keller Williams was recognized for its business intelligence system INC. 5000 Keller Williams made a list of fastest-growing private companies - for the fifth year in a row FRANCHISE 500 Keller Williams made the Entrepreneur magazine’s list of top franchises - for the fifth year in a row NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HISPANIC REAL ESTATE PROFESSIONALS 250 Keller Williams had 25 representatives on NAHREP’s list of top-producing Latino agents REAL TRENDS/WALL STREET JOURNAL “The Thousand” Keller Williams had 147 associates and teams on list of top real estate professionals in America REAL TRENDS CANADA’S BEST REAL ESTATE AGENTS Keller Williams is home to No. 1 agent by transactions (Marvin Alexander) INMAN NEWS Innovator of the year Keller Williams is home to real estate industry’s top innovator (Ben Kiney) BEST COMPANIES TO WORK FOR IN TEXAS Austin American Statesman INMAN 100 Most Influential Real Estate Leaders Report Six Keller Williams representatives SWANEPOEL POWER 200 MOST POWERFUL PEOPLE IN RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE REPORT Ten Keller Williams representatives TRAINING MAGAZINE The #1 Training Organization in the World across ALL industries REALTOR MAGAZINE 30 UNDER 30 Seven Keller Williams finalists and four winners, including the Web Choice winner. REAL TRENDS 500 126 Keller Williams offices ranked by transactions and sales volume – more than any other real estate franchise. REALTOR MAGAZINE VOLUNTEERING WORKS Keller Williams associate Miriam Hernandez Ramirez one of five award recipients. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDS Both award recipients (Mike Brodie and Jim Helsel) are Keller Williams associates Thank you FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY BRANDY COFFEY OP, Keller Williams Island Life Real Estate Licensed Real Estate Broker ABR, CIPS, CLHMS, RSPS, TRC c: 941.284.4474 o: 941.404.4737 f: 941.404.4736 [email protected] www.BrandyCoffey.com THE COFFEY GROUP FINE HOMES INTERNATIONAL KW ISLAND LIFE REAL ESTATE KELLER WILLIAMS REALTY Each Office is Independently Owned And Operated. If your property is listed with another Broker, this is not a solicitation.	e001abc2-24b1-4c2a-bf65-863f1543cfac	CC-MAIN-2021-39	https://www.thecoffeygroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/PreListing-2020_09_29.pdf	2021-09-28T05:44:04+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-39/subset=warc/part-00181-f465d820-0362-4c4c-a396-c69f5fd24cc4.c000.gz.parquet	1,044,930,849	2,731	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.836799	eng_Latn	0.98838	[ "fin_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 155, 2512, 5320, 6284, 7185, 8996, 10241, 12592 ]
Winthrop University Official Fall 2017 New Freshmen Profile Admission Statistics 4,573 * Total Applications: * Percent Offered Admissions: 73% * Enrolled: 1,050 Academics * Average high school GPA of enrolled freshmen: 3.98 * Average ACT of enrolled freshmen: 22 (n = 757) * Average SAT* of enrolled freshmen: 1087 (n = 289) * The middle 50% of enrolled freshmen scored between 980 and 1200 on the SAT* * The middle 50% of enrolled freshmen scored between 19 and 25 on the ACT Geographics * States represented: 22 * International freshmen: 10 * Countries represented: 7 * South Carolina residents: 89% Demographics * 55% of freshmen are white, non-Hispanic * 73% of freshmen are females * 32% of freshmen are black, non-Hispanic Enrollment by College 23% 15% 16% Financial Aid % of freshmen receiving Pell Award 47% 57% 22% 8% The SAT was redesigned in 2017 to include new components and new scoring. AAAS20171012	<urn:uuid:39bc0e5b-3fb3-4e74-840c-b843d1f16536>	CC-MAIN-2019-35	https://www.winthrop.edu/uploadedFiles/OfficialFreshmanProfileFall2017.pdf	2019-08-22T22:33:50Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027317516.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20190822215308-20190823001308-00256.warc.gz	1,041,252,874	262	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.965916	eng_Latn	0.965916	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 956 ]
CAMP FARMINGDALE 2021 RULES TO KEEP US SAFE The following rules are put in place to ensure everyone's safety for a fun and carefree summer! Please read and review with your child and return on or before your camper's first day. A responsible adult (at least 18 years of age), will accompany my child into and out of the building each day and sign my child in and out at the front desk. Camp hours are 8:30 – 4:30. You may bring your child in later or pick up earlier, if you wish, but be aware of scheduled times for trip days. If extended care is needed (7:30-8:30 and/or 4:30-5:30) an additional charge of $15 per am or pm session is required. Please make these arrangements in advance. My child will wear sneakers to camp each day, and will wear the official camp T-shirt on camp trips. I will provide the following for my camper each day: Bagged lunch and beverage Bathing suit, towel and water shoes for water activities Sunscreen Water bottles and snacks Camp backpack If riding on the bus, my child will remain seated and seat belted at all times. My child will remain with his/her group leader at all times and listen carefully to instructions. My child will be polite and courteous to all staff members and other campers. There is zero tolerance for foul language and bullying. I have read the above rules and explained them to my child. I understand that if my child breaks any of these rules he/she may not be able to continue attending Camp Farmingdale, and I will forfeit my camp tuition. ___________________________ ___________________________ Campers name Parent or guardian Signature ______________ ____________________ Date of birth Date	<urn:uuid:521af4e5-49cf-48f7-a1b6-caf2fff34d71>	CC-MAIN-2022-05	https://www.farmingdale.edu/childrens-center/pdf/2021campfarmingdalerules.pdf	2022-01-25T07:59:07+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-05/subset=warc/part-00040-1e2959d8-5649-433a-b76e-f1b876a6479d.c000.gz.parquet	792,537,147	369	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.99972	eng_Latn	0.99972	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1673 ]
Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Swanage Town Council held to discuss POLICY AND PLANNING matters at the Town Hall, Swanage on MONDAY, 21 st NOVEMBER 2011 at 7 pm. PRESENT:- Councillor Mrs. A. Patrick (Deputy Mayor) – Chairman. Councillor Mrs. C. Bartlett Councillor M. Bonfield Councillor I. Brown Councillor Miss C. Harris Councillor Mrs. G.A. Marsh Councillor S. Poultney Councillor M.W. Pratt Councillor M. Whitwam In addition to Members and officers, three members of the public attended the Meeting. Public Participation MR. NEIL HARDY, on behalf of Swanage Sailing Club, referred to the Club's application for a loan for an extension to the Club House. As the application was scheduled to be considered later in the Meeting when the press and public were excluded, he enquired whether Members had any questions prior to the debate. CLLR. MRS. PATRICK enquired whether there were any restrictions regarding membership of the Club, and was given an assurance that membership was open to everyone, although at the present time the membership list was fully subscribed. It was also noted that, in order to encourage young children to take up sailing, the Sailing Club had an arrangement with Swanage Middle School to provide 'taster' sails for their pupils. The Chairman opened the Council Meeting at 7.10 p.m. 1. APOLOGIES Apologies for their inability to attend the Meeting were received from the Town Mayor and Councillors Suttle and Wiggins. 2. PLANS Councillor Mrs. Marsh did not vote on, or propose, or second any of the motions on the following planning applications, by reason of being a Member of the Purbeck District Council's Planning Board. Delegated Applications 6/2011/0673 LISTED Mrs S Pullman Relay stone tiles front roof slope. 65 High Street, Swanage. OBSERVATION: No objection. 6/2011/0684 Messrs J & S Wylie Convert and extend existing dwelling to form 2 self contained flats with associated parking. 3 Aigburth Road, Swanage. OBSERVATION: No objection 6/2011/0689 Agincare Group Ltd Agincare Group Ltd Demolish existing conservatory to front entrance area, construct new atrium and alter windows on front elevation. Gainsborough Care Home (previously James Day Memorial Home), 53 Ulwell Road, Swanage. OBSERVATION: No objection. 6/2011/0691 Mr Wylie Replace existing wooden windows to upper floor flats with uPVC windows. 25 – 27 High Street, Swanage. OBSERVATION: No objection, subject to the approval of the Conservation Officer. 6/2011/0692 Mr Wood Variation of conditions 2 (external materials) and 3 ((panelling and window details) of P/P 6/2009/0260 (Erect rooftop extension to flats 1, 2 and 3 to form additional living accommodation with roof terrace and make alterations to windows on east elevation at first floor level) to allow different window positions changing the design of the elevations and an alternative roofing material. Ocean Bay, 2 Ulwell Road, Swanage OBSERVATION: Recommend refusal on the grounds that the application represents overdevelopment of the site. 6/2011/0693 Mr Marr Install glazed panelling to balcony and install 8 solar pv panels on roof. 1 Peveril Heights, Swanage. OBSERVATION: No objection. 6/2011/0705 Mrs E Scrymgeour Form first floor accommodation under new roof with two dormer windows to front and two dormer windows and a rooflight to rear. 30 Bon Accord Road, Swanage. OBSERVATION: No objection. 6/2011/0708 Mr M Storer Variation of Condition 2 of PP 6/2011/0005 to allow amendments to the approved drawings. Amendments are omission of staircase, different canopy post positions, staircase width and gate design, additional opening in the southern elevation, balustrade design, foul water vent pipe and elevational drawings. Kiosks, High Street, Swanage. OBSERVATION: No objection. Before consideration of this item, Councillor Mrs. Patrick declared her interest under the Model Code of Conduct by reason of a business connection with the applicant, and as her interest was prejudicial, she left the Meeting during the debate. In the absence of the Chairman, it was proposed by Councillor Brown, seconded by Councillor Miss Harris, and RESOLVED:- That Councillor Poultney assumes the Chair. 6/2011/0711 Mr & Mrs Hoppe Erect new balcony at the side of the existing building at first floor level over existing ground floor extension. Flat 4 Marine Approach, 10 Ulwell Road, Swanage. OBSERVATION: No objection, subject to no significant overlooking of neighbouring properties. Councillor Mrs. Patrick returned to the Meeting and re-assumed the Chair. 6/2011/0713 Mr & Mrs Price Replace existing roof with new higher roof to form living rooms at first floor level with front balcony and rear juliette balcony. 46 Bay Crescent, Swanage. OBSERVATION: Defer. 3. BUDGET MONITORING (a) Statement of Cash Balance A Statement of Cash Balance as at 31 st October 2011 was submitted for information (a copy attached at end of these Minutes). 4. PAYMENT OF ACCOUNTS Proposed by Councillor Bonfield, seconded by Councillor Mrs. Marsh, and RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY:- That the accounts specified in the Orders on Treasurer Nos. 8 and 8a, amounting to £1,579,828.46 and £75,678.69 respectively be paid, and that cheques be drawn therefor. 5. RECREATION GROUND In the absence of a Report on the proposals for stabilisation works to the Recreation Ground, it was proposed by Councillor Mrs. Patrick, seconded by Councillor Whitwam, and RESOLVED:- That the matter be deferred for consideration at a future meeting of the Council. 6. KING GEORGE'S FIELD It was reported that the request to site a marquee on King George's Field for a wedding reception had now been withdrawn. 7. ITEMS OF INFORMATION AND MATTERS FOR FORTHCOMING AGENDAS There were no matters to report at the present time. 8. EXCLUSION OF PRESS AND PUBLIC Proposed by Councillor Mrs. Patrick, seconded by Councillor Poultney, and RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY:- That, under Standing Orders Nos. 67 and 68, by reason of the confidential nature of the business to be transacted, it is advisable in the public interest that the press and public be excluded from the Meeting during consideration of the following matters. 9. SWANAGE SAILING CLUB Consideration was given to an application submitted by Swanage Sailing Club for a loan of £100,000 in order to facilitate the further development of the Sailing Club clubhouse. During the ensuing discussion, it was noted that in 1994 the Council entered into an agreement with Swanage Sailing Club for a loan of £50,000 payable over a 15 year term, and consideration was given to the terms and conditions stipulated at that time. Following discussion, it was proposed by Councillor Poultney, seconded by Councillor Pratt, and RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY:- That the Swanage Sailing Club be granted a loan of £100,000 over a 15 year term, the terms and conditions of the agreement to be similar to the previous loan granted in 1994. It was FURTHER RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY:- That officers be given delegated authority to negotiate a suitable annual interest rate with the Trustees of Swanage Sailing Club. During the discussion, Members expressed a preference for a fixed annual interest rate plus the PWLB EIP rate in force on the date that the loan is agreed (currently 5.82%), and that no penalty be applied for the early repayment of any part of the principal. 10. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE (a) Day's Park Consideration was given to a quotation received for the re-surfacing of pathways in Day's Park. It was noted that agreement in principle had been given to the works in accordance with the Council's capital programme which had been approved at the Council meeting held on 2 nd February 2011. It was proposed by Councillor Pratt, seconded by Councillor Bonfield, and RESOLVED:- That the quotation in the sum of £9,210.00 be accepted for the re-surfacing of pathways in Day's Park. (b) Town Hall Roof Before consideration of this item, Councillor Mrs. Patrick declared a prejudicial interest under the Model Code of Conduct by reason of a business interest, and left the meeting during the debate. In the absence of the Chairman, it was proposed by Councillor Brown, seconded by Councillor Miss Harris, and RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY:- That Councillor Poultney assumes the Chair. Further to Minute No. 14 of the Council meeting held on 19 th September 2011, it was reported that two additional tenders had now been received from local businesses. Consideration was then given to the five quotations submitted for re-roofing works at the Town Hall. Following discussion, it was proposed by Councillor Pratt, seconded by Councillor Poultney, and RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY:- That, in accordance with the recommendations of the Council's appointed surveyor, the quotation submitted from Baron Levine be accepted. (c) Station/Co-op Lighting Columns Consideration was given to a quotation received from SSE Contracting for the replacement of three existing lighting columns on the approach road to the Coop/Station. It was noted that as the total cost was below the de minimus level for capital works, the expenses would be taken from revenue budgets. Following a brief discussion, it was proposed by Councillor Mrs. Patrick, seconded by Councillor Miss Harris, and RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY:- That approval be given for the replacement of three lighting columns at a cost of £3,287. It was FURTHER RESOLVED:- That Dorset County Council be requested to adopt the new lighting columns for inclusion in their lighting maintenance programme. 11. LEGAL ISSUES (a) Swanage Bay View Holiday Park The Clerk updated Members on matters relating to commission claims on caravan sales, following a meeting with the Council's solicitor and barrister on Wednesday, 16 th November. (b) Land South of Caravan Park The Clerk updated Members on matters relating to the occupation of grazing land to the south of the Caravan Park, following the directions hearing at Bournemouth County Court on Wednesday, 9 th November. (c) Swanage Railway – Lease Negotiations Before consideration of this item, Councillor Whitwam declared his interest under the Model Code of Conduct by reason of being a Director of the Swanage Railway Trust, and as his interest was prejudicial, he left the meeting during the debate. The Clerk updated Members on matters relating to the Swanage Railway lease negotiations. Following discussion, it was proposed by Councillor Pratt, seconded by Councillor Brown, and RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY:- That the Town Council retains the freehold of the Station and surrounding land, and continues the lease negotiations. (d) Public Conveniences Cleaning Tender Consideration was given to the selection/scoring process for the public conveniences cleaning tenders, to be undertaken in line with EU procurement regulations. The tenders were to be opened on Friday, 16 th December, and it was proposed by Councillor Mrs. Patrick, seconded by Councillor Mrs. Marsh:- That the Town Mayor be present at the opening of the tenders. (e) Beach Concession Before consideration of this item, Councillor Mrs. Patrick declared a personal interest under the Model Code of Conduct by reason of being a friend of the concessionaire, and as her interest was prejudicial she left the Meeting during the debate. Councillor Poultney also declared his personal interest under the Model Code of Conduct by reason of a family relationship with the concessionaire, and as his interest was prejudicial he also left the Meeting during the debate. In the absence of the Chairman, it was proposed by Councillor Brown, seconded by Councillor Bonfield, and RESOLVED:- That Councillor Pratt assumes the Chair. Further to Minute No. 13 (d) of the Policy and Planning meeting held on 18 th April 2011 and Minute No. 71 of the Council meeting held on 3 rd October 2011, and a subsequent meeting of the Working Party on 7 th November, it was proposed by Councillor Brown, seconded by Councillor Miss Harris, and RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY:- To enter into a licence agreement for seven summer seasons from 2012, including a right to assign for the duration of the term, subject to the written consent of the Town Council, at the rent set out in the letter from the Council's surveyor dated 9 th November 2011. The Meeting concluded at 8.20 p.m. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	<urn:uuid:92520e95-bd59-4520-bc89-8d37e43588b4>	CC-MAIN-2024-51	https://www.swanage.gov.uk/userfiles/file/Agendas/Minutes%20-%20P%20%20P%20-21st%20November%20%202011.pdf	2024-12-09T06:07:12+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-51/subset=warc/part-00106-b392068a-8e35-4497-8fab-a691b1a71843.c000.gz.parquet	892,813,598	2,896	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.993356	eng_Latn	0.99501	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1835, 3823, 5830, 8276, 10771, 12469 ]
FINAL ROUND WILLIAMS INSTITUTE MOOT COURT COMPETITION O RAL A RGUMENT S CORING S HEET Ranking: (Please rank the attorneys of the round 1 st through 4 th , by placing a "1" next to the best attorney, "2" next to the second best attorney, and so on.) Name Rank Name Rank First Petitioner Second Petitioner First Respondent Second Respondent SUGGESTED SCORING GUIDELINES	<urn:uuid:9c5d9a28-0ee8-407f-9abb-cf887c5b5e65>	CC-MAIN-2017-34	http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Sample-Scoring-Sheet.pdf	2017-08-17T06:08:00Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886102967.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817053725-20170817073725-00075.warc.gz	458,750,512	110	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.968972	eng_Latn	0.94673	[ "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 353, 383 ]
Arrhythmia/electrophysiology Impact of genotype on clinical course in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy-associated mutation carriers Aditya Bhonsale 1† , Judith A. Groeneweg 2,3† , Cynthia A. James 1 , Dennis Dooijes 4 , Crystal Tichnell 1 , Jan D. H. Jongbloed 5 , Brittney Murray 1 , Anneline S. J. M. te Riele 1,2 , Maarten P. van den Berg 6 , Hennie Bikker 7 , Douwe E. Atsma 8 , Natasja M. de Groot 9 , Arjan C. Houweling 10 , Jeroen F. van der Heijden 2 , Stuart D. Russell 1 , Pieter A. Doevendans 2 , Toon A. van Veen 11 , Harikrishna Tandri 1 , Arthur A. Wilde 12 , Daniel P. Judge 1 , J. Peter van Tintelen 5,3,13 , Hugh Calkins 1 , and Richard N. Hauer 2,3 * 1 Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; 2Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 3 Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), PO Box 19258, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands; 4Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 5 Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; 6 Department of Cardiology, UniversityofGroningen,UniversityMedicalCenterGroningen,Groningen,TheNetherlands; 7 DepartmentofClinicalGenetics,AcademicMedicalCenter,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands; 8 Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; 9Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 10 Department of Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 11Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 12 Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and 13Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands Received 29 November 2013; revised 4 November 2014; accepted 4 December 2014; online publish-ahead-of-print 23 January 2015 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... Aims We sought to determine the inﬂuence of genotype on clinical course and arrhythmic outcome among arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C)-associated mutation carriers. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... Methods and results Pathogenic mutations in desmosomal and non-desmosomal genes were identiﬁed in 577 patients (241 families) from USA and Dutch ARVD/C cohorts. Patients with sudden cardiac death (SCD)/ventricular ﬁbrillation (VF) at presentation (n ¼ 36) were younger (median 23 vs. 36 years; P , 0.001) than those presenting with sustained monomorphic ventriculartachycardia(VT).Among541subjectspresentingalive,overameanfollow-upof6 + 7years,12(2%)patients died, 162 (30%) had sustained VT/VF, 78 (14%) manifested left ventricular dysfunction (EF , 55%), 28 (5%) experienced heart failure (HF), and 10 (2%) required cardiac transplantation. Patients (n ¼ 22; 4%) with .1 mutation had signiﬁcantly earlier occurrence of sustained VT/VF (mean age 28 + 12 years), lower VT-/VF-free survival (P ¼ 0.037), more frequent left ventricular dysfunction (29%), HF (19%) and cardiac transplantation (9%) when compared with those with only one mutation. Desmoplakin mutation carriers experienced more than four-fold occurrence of left ventricular dysfunction (40%) and HF (13%) than PKP2 carriers. Missense mutation carriers had similar death-/transplant-free survival and VT/VF penetrance (P ¼ 0.137) when compared with those with truncating or splice site mutations. Men are more likely to be probands (P , 0.001), symptomatic (P , 0.001) and have earlier and more severe arrhythmic expression. Conclusions Presentation with SCD/VF occurs at a signiﬁcantly younger age when compared with sustained monomorphic VT. The genotype of ARVD/C mutation carriers impacts clinical course and disease expression. Male sex negatively modiﬁes phenotypic expression. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Keywords Arrhythmia † Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy † Genetics † Prognosis † These authors contributed equally to this article. Introduction Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/ C) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by ventricular arrhythmias, predominantly right ventricular dysfunction, and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). 1 , 2 Over the last decade, pathogenic mutations have been identiﬁed in desmosomal genes: plakoglobin (JUP), 3 plakophilin-2 (PKP2), 4 desmoplakin (DSP), 5 desmoglein-2 (DSG2), 6 and desmocollin-2 (DSC2). 7 Mutations in several non-desmosomal genes including PLN-encoding phospholamban 8 and TMEM43-encoding transmembrane protein 43 9 have also been reported to cause ARVD/C. While evidence suggests that genotype may inﬂuence risk of both life-threatening arrhythmia and heart failure, 10 previous genotype–phenotype studies were largely limited by population size. The objective of this study was to (i) deﬁne the long-term clinical course among a large cohort of ARVD/C mutation carriers, (ii) investigate the prognostic inﬂuence of genotype, including impact of multiple mutations, and (iii) ascertain the association of sex with phenotypic expression. Methods Study population Thestudypopulationof577subjectswasderivedfromtheJohnsHopkins ARVD/C registry (n ¼ 259) and the Dutch ARVD/C registry (from the Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands; n ¼ 318). All patients harboured a pathogenic ARVD/C-associated mutation. The study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and locally appointed ethics committee approved the research protocol and informed consent was obtained from the subjects (or their guardians). Phenotypic characterization The medical history of each subject was obtained by review of medical records, clinical evaluation, and patient interviews. Detailed clinical information regarding demographics, presentation, symptoms, non-invasive, and invasive studies, and arrhythmia occurrence was obtained (see Supplementary material online, Table S1). Patients were prospectively followed and information regarding major clinical events (including syncope,episodes ofsustainedventriculartachycardia (VT) or ﬁbrillation (VF), sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), implantable cardioverter-deﬁbrillator (ICD) implantation, appropriate ICD shocks and anti-tachycardia pacing, heart failure, cardiactransplantation, SCD, and other causes of deathwas obtained (see Supplementary material online, Table S2 for deﬁnitions). The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of a sustained arrhythmic event (a composite measure of the occurrence of SCA, spontaneous sustained VT/VF or an appropriate ICD intervention for sustained VT/VF). The secondary outcome was the occurrence of death or cardiac transplantation in this cohort (see Supplementary material online, Methods A). Genotype Comprehensive mutation testing of PKP2, DSP, DSG2, DSC2, and JUP (dideoxy sequencing or next-generation sequencing) for all probands was performed as reported earlier 11 , 12 (see Supplementary material online, Methods B). Mutations were identiﬁed or conﬁrmed by dideoxy (Sanger) sequencing in all patients. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe ampliﬁcation analysis was performed to identify large deletions in PKP2 among the Dutch cohort. 11 , 13 One U.S family had an incidental ﬁnding of a large DSP deletion on chromosomal microarray. 14 Non-desmosomal. gene analysis included TMEM43 and PLN. Family members were screened onlyforthepathogenicmutation(s)found intheir respectiveindexpatient. The identiﬁed mutations were characterized by the gene involved and by the nature of the speciﬁc mutation (truncating, splice site, and missense). Nonsense, frame shift, splice site mutations, and exon deletions were all considered to be proven pathogenic unless previously identiﬁed as polymorphism or non-pathogenic. Missense mutations were reviewed and considered pathogenic for inclusion in the study when these criteria were met: (i) exome sequencing project (ESP) minor allele frequency ≤ 0.05% (the NHLBI 6500 Exome data sets; EVS; http://evs.gs.washington .edu/EVS/) and (ii) in silico predictive programs (SIFT) and Polymorphism Phenotyping-2 (PolyPhen-2) (see Supplementary material online, reference 1 and 2) predicted the genetic variants to affect protein function by a tolerance index score of ,0.02 (SIFT) and a PolyPhen-2 score of .0.900. In addition, the presence of the missense mutations was assessed in 1000 Dutch control chromosomes (Genome of The Netherlands, GoNL; www.nlgenome.nl). Subjects who had SCD at presentation and either were obligate carriers or had evidence of ARVD/C on autopsy but did not have genotype studies were assumed to have the same mutation as other genetically affected ﬁrst degree members of their respective family. Statistical analysis Continuous variables are summarized as either mean + SD or median (interquartile range, IQR) and compared across groups using a t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, or Kruskal–Wallis test as appropriate. Categorical variables are reported as frequency (%) and compared between groups by the x 2 or Fisher's exact test. Correlation of relevant clinical phenotypic characteristics including arrhythmic risk with the genotype was performed. The cumulative freedom since birth (i.e. by age) from the arrhythmic outcome was determined by the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences in survival between groups evaluated with the log-rank test. All P-values were corrected for family membership by using robust variance estimates in models clustered by family membership using logistic, stcox, and somersd commands using STATA (version 13; StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). A P-value of ≤0.050 was consideredsigniﬁcant.SPSS(version19;SPSSInc.,Chicago,IL,USA)statistical software was used for all other analyses. Results The study population consisted of 577 patients from 241 unrelated families and was derived from the Johns Hopkins ARVD/C registry (259 patients: 102 probands, 157 relatives) and the Dutch ARVD/C cohort (318 patients: 128 probands, 190 relatives). The registries were statistically similar in terms of sex, race, and proband/relative ratios. Men constituted 55% of the overall population with the average age at presentation being 35 + 17 years. Genotype Themajorityofparticipants(463,80%)carriedasinglecopyofa PKP2 mutation (164 probands, 299 relatives) with signiﬁcantly fewer heterozygous carriers of mutations in other ARVD/C-associated genes (31 DSG2, 31 PLN, 19 DSP, 8 DSC2, 2 JUP, and 1 TMEM43). Twenty-two individuals (4%) carried two or more pathogenic mutations (compound heterozygote, homozygote, or digenic mutation carriers). Among carriers of single mutations, premature truncating, splice site, and missense mutations were identiﬁed in 342 (60%), 130 (23%), and 83 (14%) patients, respectively (genotype details in Supplementary material online, Table S3 and S4). Presentation with sudden cardiac death Sudden cardiac death, with or without electrocardiographically proven VF, was the presenting symptom in 36 (6%; 29 families) patients. Among patients presenting with SCD, mutations in DSP were signiﬁcantly more represented (11% vs. 3% in alive; P ¼ 0.019) (Supplementary material online, Table S5), while missense mutations were less common (3% vs. 15% in alive; P ¼ 0.071). The median age (IQR, range) at SCD was 23 (12; 13–57) years, which was signiﬁcantly younger than those presenting alive with sustained monomorphic VT with a median age of 36 years (20; 14–78) (P , 0.001) (Figure 1). Alive at presentation Of the 541 patients presenting alive (220 probands; 321 family members),morethanhalfofthepopulation(53%)wasasymptomatic at presentation, whereas one-quarter presented with sustained VT (54% of probands, 4% of family members) (Table 1). The median age at symptom onset for the large PKP2 group was 30 years (range 10–84), whereas it was signiﬁcantly (P ¼ 0.027) later for those with PLN mutations(40years;range16–59)(genotypedetailsinSupplementary material online, Table S6). Among probands, no signiﬁcant difference in sex (P ¼ 0.175), occurrence of symptoms (P ¼ 0.276), or incidence of composite outcome (P ¼ 0.719) was seen between major gene groups (see Supplementary material online, Table S7). The majority of relatives were asymptomatic at presentation (86%) with 24 (8%) experiencing the arrhythmic outcome during follow-up (4 + 5 years) with no signiﬁcant differences among gene groups (see Supplementary material online, Table S8). Data for the singleTMEM43 gene mutation carrier are noted in Supplementary material online, Table S9. Clinical course Figure 1 Median age at presentation categorized according to the nature of the presentation. SCD, sudden cardiac death; SCA, sudden cardiac arrest; VT, ventricular tachycardia.*P-values were obtained from non-parametric comparisons of group ranks (Somer's D) adjusting for family clustering. Over a mean duration of follow-up of 6 years, 207 (38%) patients experienced the composite sustained arrhythmic outcome (Table 2). The arrhythmic event-free survival for the overall population at age 40 and 60 yearswas66 and 42%, respectively (Supplementary material online, Figure S1A). The median age at the ﬁrst episode of sustained VT/VF was 35 years in patients with PKP2 mutations, whereas it was Table 1 Baseline phenotypic characteristics of the study population categorized according to the underlying genotype PKP2, plakophilin-2; JUP, plakoglobin; DSG2, desmoglein-2; DSC2, desmocollin-2; DSP, desmoplakin. a Digenic, homozygous, and compound heterozygous mutations; PLN, phospholamban; EPS, electrophysiological study. b among those that had EP study; ARVD/C, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy; SCD, sudden cardiac death; SCA, sudden cardiac arrest; VT, ventricular tachycardia; PVC, premature ventricular complex; SD, standard deviation; m, mean. Table 2 Clinical course including data obtained at presentation and during follow-up in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy mutation carriers presenting alive categorized according to the underlying genotype PKP2, plakophilin-2; JUP, plakoglobin; DSG2, desmoglein-2; DSC2, desmocollin-2; DSP, desmoplakin. a Digenic, homozygous, and compound heterozygous mutations; PLN, phospholamban. b Among those that had ICD implanted; NSVT, non-sustained VT; ARVD/C, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy; SCA, sudden cardiac arrest; SD, standard deviation; LV, left ventricular; m, mean. c EF , 55%; VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular ﬁbrillation; ICD, implantable cardioverter-deﬁbrillator. signiﬁcantlylaterin PLN mutationcarriers(42years)(P ¼ 0.031).Ten patients underwent cardiac transplantation (mean age at transplant: 46 + 15 years, two primarily for intractable arrhythmias, eight primarily as a result of heart failure) and 12 (2%) died during follow-up. Thesurvivalfreeofdeath/cardiactransplantatage40and60yearsfor the overall population was 91 and 85%, respectively (Supplementary material online, Figure S1B). Sudden cardiac death in a proband could not be assessed as risk factor in family members since only one relative died suddenly. Patients with more than one mutation (compound heterozygote, homozygote, or digenic mutation carriers; 4%) had signiﬁcantly earlier onset of symptoms [median age 23 years (16–46)] as well as earlier occurrence of sustained ventricular arrhythmias (median age 25 years; P ¼ 0.041) when compared those with only one mutation. Overall,thesepatientshadahigherincidenceofarrhythmiaswhencompared those with only one mutation (Table 2). The sustained arrhythmia-free survival at age 20 and 40 years was signiﬁcantly lower (71 and 33%, respectively) among probands with more than one mutation than among single heterozygous mutation carriers (Figure 2). Left ventricular dysfunction (EF , 55%) was seen in 78 (14%) patients while 28 (5%) experienced congestive heart failure (HF) during follow-up. Plakophilin-2 carriers were least likely to have left ventricular dysfunction (9%), whereas those with DSP mutations had signiﬁcantly more frequent left ventricular dysfunction (40%) (P ¼ 0.001) and HF (13%) (P ¼ 0.046). Patients with more than one mutation and PLN mutation carriers had more than three times the amount of left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. This relationship, stratiﬁed among probands and relatives is shown in Figure 3. Inﬂuence of type of mutation on outcomes Among those presenting alive, premature truncating, splice site, and missense mutations were identiﬁed in 319 (59%), 119 (22%), and 82 (15%) patients, respectively (Supplementary material online, Table S6). No signiﬁcant difference in either the arrhythmic outcome-free survival or the cardiac transplant/death-free survival was seen in the overall population between patients with premature truncating, splice site, or missense mutations (Figure 4A and B). Sex Females constituted nearly half (45%) of the overall cohort. However, men were more likely to be probands (68% of probands; P , 0.001), be symptomatic at presentation (50% men vs. 37% women; P , 0.001) and present with SCD (78% men; P ¼ 0.004). In the overall population, the composite arrhythmic outcome occurred signiﬁcantly more in males (53 vs. 29%; P , 0.001) (Figure 5). However, occurrence ofHF(6vs. 4%; P ¼ 0.246) and leftventriculardysfunction (16 vs. 12%; P ¼ 0.151) was not signiﬁcantly higher in males. Discussion Our study of the largest worldwide cohort of 577 patients (230 index patients, 347 relatives) with ARVD/C associated mutations has three important results. First, our study shows that phenotypic ﬁrst presentation with SCD and/or VF occurs at a signiﬁcantly younger age (median 23 years) than presentation with sustained monomorphic VT(median36years).Secondly,thislargecohortdemonstratestheassociation of genotype with clinical course and disease expression. Figure2 Survivalanalysisshowingsigniﬁcantlylowersustainedarrhythmia-freesurvivalinindexpatientswithmorethanonemutationwhencompared with those with one mutation only. Figure 4 (A) Sustained ventricular arrhythmia-free survival in patients stratiﬁed according to the type of underlying mutation. (B) Death or transplant-free survival in patients stratiﬁed according to the type of underlying mutation in the study population. Figure 5 Composite arrhythmic outcome-free survival among study patients stratiﬁed by sex. Thirdly, our study provides evidence that male sex negatively modiﬁes the clinical course. Sudden death as earliest disease manifestation among arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/ cardiomyopathy mutation carriers Sudden cardiac deathis awell-appreciated riskassociated with ARVD/ C, with up to half of index cases presenting with SCD. 10 , 15 Recent studies suggest that histologic changes may be preceded by gapjunction remodelling mediating electrical coupling and altering the amplitude and kineticsofthe sodiumcurrent, 16 givingriseto slow conduction. In cellular and mouse models, 17 these changes result in an increased propensity for arrhythmias, also without any evidence of structural heart disease. 17 Our ﬁnding that those presenting with SCD/SCA are signiﬁcantly younger than those presenting with sustained VT supports this mechanism and underscores the importance of molecular, genetic and phenotypic investigation of young family members following the ﬁrst diagnosis in a family. Desmoplakin carriers weresigniﬁcantlymorelikelytopresentwithSCDthanothermutation carriers and accounted for 11% of SCD cases (when compared with 3% of the entire population). This observation conﬁrms a prior reportfromfourItalianfamilies 18 andprovidesevidenceforearlyidentiﬁcation of young at-risk individuals with DSP mutations. Four percent of our population (6% of probands) carried more than one ARVD/C-associated mutation. The lower incidence of digenic, homozygous, or compound heterozygous mutations in our population compared with data in some previous reports 10 , 19 reﬂects the rigorous approach and stringent criteria we used to deﬁne pathogenicity of missense mutations. Prior studies have suggested that individuals with more than one mutation may have worse clinical outcomes. 11 , 20 – 24 Our relatively large sample of individuals with more than one mutation alive at presentation showsthat these patients have considerably worse clinical course with signiﬁcantly earlier onset of symptoms and ﬁrst sustained arrhythmia, a greater chance of developing sustained VT/VF, and a ﬁve-fold increase in the risk of developing left ventricular dysfunction and HF than those carrying a single mutation. These results suggest that patients with more than one mutation should be followed carefully for symptoms associated with both arrhythmia and heart failure. Impact of genotype on heart failure and arrhythmic outcomes In our study, majorityof patients presenting alive as well asthose presenting with SCD harboured premature truncating PKP2 mutations. Among carriers of a single mutation presenting alive, our study demonstrates that the risk of left ventricular involvement and developmentofHFisintrinsicallyrelatedtothemutatedgene.Conversely, carriers of single mutations in all the genes had a high risk of developingalife-threateningarrhythmia,withnosigniﬁcantdifferencesinsurvival from life-threatening VT/VF among the different genes. PLN mutation carriers presented at a signiﬁcantly older age yet had worse long-term prognosis, with more left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Also DSP mutation carriers were considerably morelikelyto develop both HFand signsofLV involvement, conﬁrming the observation from prior smaller cohorts. 25 , 26 In contrast to a prior observation, 21 DSG2 mutation carriers were not disproportionally likely to develop LV involvement in our study. Pathogenicity of a missense mutation in ARVD/C is difﬁcult to determineandhasbeenquestioned. 20 – 22 WedemonstratethatARVD/ C-related missense mutations have a similar pathogenic character as non-missense mutations. In contrast to ﬁndings of other investigators, 21 carriers of missense mutations in our population had no difference in survival from death/transplant or from developing a life-threatening arrhythmia when compared with carriers of premature truncating and splice site mutations. This lack of phenotypic difference or outcome suggests that these highly scrutinized missense alleles are indeed pathogenic. This pathogenicity of ARVD/ C-associated missense mutations can be correctly predicted by the combined criteria from SIFT, PolyPhen-2, and ESP minor allele frequency. Sex Previous reports suggest that the severity of the phenotype is likely inﬂuenced by sex. 27 However, the impact of sex upon clinical course among ARVD/C mutations carriers has been unclear. Our study shows that male mutation carriers were more likely to present with sudden death, be symptomatic at presentation, develop VT/VF/SCD, and to have less overall survival free from death/cardiac transplant. However, males were not more likely to haveLVinvolvementorheartfailure.Themechanismforlowerpenetrance among women is uncertain although it is likely that this may reﬂect different levels of participation in competitive athletics among men and women. 28 There is some evidence from animal models that strenuous exercise is associated with development of ARVD/C 29 and more recently vigorous exercise has been found to be associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients harbouring a desmosomal mutation. 28 Limitations Variations in disease expression between families carrying the same mutation, and among members of the same family, suggest thatmodiﬁer genes and environmental inﬂuences contribute to the overall phenotype in ARVD/C. This study does not evaluate the potential impactof a large numberof variants of uncertain signiﬁcance in modifying the phenotypic expression of a pathogenic mutation. The biophysical function of many missense mutations reported in this study has not been studied in expression systems or models. Also, all PLN mutation carriers had the same mutation and results cannot be extrapolated to other mutations in this gene. The presence of founder mutationslimitsthe extent towhich theﬁndings maybe generalized to other ARVD/C cohorts. Although appropriate ICD therapy constituted a small minority of the composite arrhythmic outcome, overestimation of SCD risk is a possibility. Despite our large cohort, the small numberof multiple mutations carriers relative to the overall population demands caution in generalizing these results. Finally, this study focused on patients harbouring pathogenic mutations and comparison with those without identiﬁable genetic abnormality remains a goal for future studies. Conclusions This study of the largest well-deﬁned ARVD/C cohort worldwide demonstrates that SCD and VF occur at much younger age than monomorphic VT. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis provides evidence for (i) gene-speciﬁc differences in the propensity to life-threatening arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and heart failure and (ii) substantially worse outcome with presence of more than one pathogenic mutation. The study conﬁrms worse outcomewith male sex.We also provide evidencethatmissense variants, deﬁned as pathogenic by predicting algorithms, are associated with a similar prognosis as premature truncating or splice site mutations. Supplementary material Supplementary Material is available at European Heart Journal online. Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the ARVD/C patients and families who have made this work possible. Funding The authors wish to acknowledge funding from the Dr Francis P. Chiaramonte Private Foundation, St. Jude Medical Inc. and Medtronic Inc. The Johns Hopkins ARVD/C Program is supported by the Leyla Erkan Family Fund for ARVD Research, the Dr Satish, Rupal, and Robin Shah ARVD Fund at Johns Hopkins, the Bogle Foundation, the Healing Hearts Foundation, the Campanella family, the Patrick J. Harrison Family, the Peter French Memorial Foundation, and the Wilmerding Endowments. The study is supported by the Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (project 06901), the Netherlands Heart Foundation (grants 2007B132 and 2007B139), the Alexandre Suerman Stipend (to A.T.), and the Netherlands Heart Foundation Dr E. Dekker grant (J.A.G., 2013T033). We furthermore acknowledge the support from the Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative: the Netherlands Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of University Medical Centers, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences. Conﬂict of interest: H.C. receives research support from Medtronic Inc. and St Jude Medical. References 1. Marcus FI, Fontaine GH, Guiraudon G, Frank R, Laurenceau JL, Malergue C, Grosgogeat Y. Right ventricular dysplasia: a report of 24 adult cases. Circulation 1982;65:384–398. 2. Thiene G, NavaA, CorradoD, RossiL, Pennelli N. Right ventricularcardiomyopathy and sudden death in young people. N Engl J Med 1988;318:129–133. 3. McKoy G, Protonotarios N, Crosby A, Tsatsopoulou A, Anastasakis A, Coonar A, Norman M, Baboonian C, Jeffery S, McKenna WJ. Identiﬁcation of a deletion in plakoglobin in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy with palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly hair (Naxos disease). Lancet 2000;355:2119–2124. 4. Gerull B, Heuser A, Wichter T, Paul M, Basson CT, McDermott DA, Lerman BB, Markowitz SM, Ellinor PT, MacRae CA, Peters S, Grossmann KS, Drenckhahn J, Michely B, Sasse-Klaassen S, Birchmeier W, Dietz R, Breithardt G, Schulze-Bahr E, Thierfelder L. Mutations in the desmosomal protein plakophilin-2 are common in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Nat Genet 2004;36:1162–1164. 5. Rampazzo A, Nava A, Malacrida S, Beffagna G, Bauce B, Rossi V, Zimbello R, Simionati B, Basso C, Thiene G, Towbin JA, Danieli GA. Mutation in human desmoplakin domain binding to plakoglobin causes a dominant form of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2002;71:1200–1206. 6. Awad MM, Dalal D, Cho E, Amat-Alarcon N, James C, Tichnell C, Tucker A, Russell SD, Bluemke DA, Dietz HC, Calkins H, Judge DP. DSG2 mutations contribute to arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2006;79:136–142. 7. Syrris P, Ward D, Evans A, Asimaki A, Gandjbakhch E, Sen-Chowdhry S, McKenna WJ. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy associated with mutations in the desmosomal gene desmocollin-2. Am J Hum Genet 2006;79:978–984. 8. van der Zwaag PA, van Rijsingen IA, Asimaki A, Jongbloed JD, van Veldhuisen DJ, Wiesfeld AC, Cox MG, van Lochem LT, de Boer RA, Hofstra RM, Christiaans I, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Lekanne dit Deprez RH, Judge DP, Calkins H, Suurmeijer AJ, Hauer RN, Safﬁtz JE, Wilde AA, van den Berg MP, van Tintelen JP. PhospholambanR14delmutationinpatientsdiagnosedwithdilatedcardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: evidence supporting the concept of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2012;14:1199–1207. 9. Merner ND, Hodgkinson KA, HaywoodAF, Connors S, French VM, Drenckhahn JD, Kupprion C, Ramadanova K, Thierfelder L, McKenna W, Gallagher B, MorrisLarkin L, Bassett AS, Parfrey PS, Young TL. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathytype 5 isafully penetrant,lethal arrhythmic disordercausedbya missense mutation in the TMEM43 gene. Am J Hum Genet 2008;82:809–821. 10. Quarta G, Muir A, Pantazis A, Syrris P, Gehmlich K, Garcia-Pavia P, Ward D, Sen-Chowdhry S, Elliott PM, McKenna WJ. Familial evaluation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: impact of genetics and revised task force criteria. Circulation 2011;123:2701–2709. 11. Cox MG, van der Zwaag PA, van der Werf C, van der Smagt JJ, Noorman M, Bhuiyan ZA, Wiesfeld AC, Volders PG, van Langen IM, Atsma DE, Dooijes D, van den Wijngaard A, Houweling AC, Jongbloed JD, Jordaens L, Cramer MJ, Doevendans PA, de Bakker JM, Wilde AA, van Tintelen JP, Hauer RN. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy: pathogenic desmosome mutations in index-patients predict outcome of family screening: Dutch arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy genotype-phenotype follow-up study. Circulation 2011;123:2690–2700. 12. den Haan AD, Tan BY, Zikusoka MN, Llado LI, Jain R, Daly A, Tichnell C, James C, Amat-Alarcon N, Abraham T, Russell SD, Bluemke DA, Calkins H, Dalal D, Judge DP. Comprehensive desmosome mutation analysis in North Americans with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2009;2:428–435. 13. RobertsJD, HerkertJC,RutbergJ,NikkelSM,WiesfeldAC, Dooijes D,GowRM,van Tintelen JP, Gollob MH. Detection of genomic deletions of PKP2 in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Clin Genet 2013;83:452–456. 14. Murray B, Wagle R, Amat-Alarcon N, Wilkens A, Stephens P, Zackai EH, Goldmuntz E, Calkins H, Deardorff MA, Judge DP. A family with a complex clinical presentation characterized byarrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy and features of branchio-oculo-facial syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:371–376. 15. Dalal D, Nasir K, Bomma C, Prakasa K, Tandri H, Piccini J, Roguin A, Tichnell C, James C, Russell SD, Judge DP, Abraham T, Spevak PJ, Bluemke DA, Calkins H. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: a United States experience. Circulation 2005;112:3823–3832. 16. Cerrone M, Noorman M, Lin X, Chkourko H, Liang FX, van der Nagel R, Hund T, Birchmeier W, Mohler P, van Veen TA, van Rijen HV, Delmar M. Sodium current deﬁcit and arrhythmogenesis in a murine model of plakophilin-2 haploinsufﬁciency. Cardiovasc Res 2012;95:460–468. 17. Deo M, Sato PY, Musa H, Lin X, Pandit SV, Delmar M, Berenfeld O. Relative contribution of changes in sodium current versus intercellular coupling on reentry initiation in 2-dimensional preparations of plakophilin-2-deﬁcient cardiac cells. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:1740–1748. 18. Bauce B, Basso C, Rampazzo A, Beffagna G, Daliento L, Frigo G, Malacrida S, Settimo L, Danieli G, Thiene G, Nava A. Clinical proﬁle of four families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy caused by dominant desmoplakin mutations. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1666–1675. 19. Sen-Chowdhry S, Syrris P, Pantazis A, Quarta G, McKenna WJ, Chambers JC. Mutational heterogeneity, modiﬁer genes, and environmental inﬂuences contribute to phenotypic diversity of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2010;3:323–330. 20. Bauce B, Nava A, Beffagna G, Basso C, Lorenzon A, Smaniotto G, De Bortoli M, Rigato I, Mazzotti E, Steriotis A, Marra MP, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Danieli GA, RampazzoA.Multiple mutationsin desmosomal proteinsencodinggenesinarrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia. Heart Rhythm 2010;7:22–29. 21. Fressart V, Duthoit G, Donal E, Probst V, Deharo JC, Chevalier P, Klug D, Dubourg O, Delacretaz E, Cosnay P, Scanu P, Extramiana F, Keller D, Hidden-Lucet F, Simon F, Bessirard V, Roux-Buisson N, Hebert JL, Azarine A, Casset-Senon D, Rouzet F, Lecarpentier Y, Fontaine G, Coirault C, Frank R, Hainque B, Charron P. Desmosomal gene analysis in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy:spectrum of mutations and clinical impact in practice. Europace 2010;12:861–868. 22. Kapplinger JD, Landstrom AP, Salisbury BA, Callis TE, Pollevick GD, Tester DJ, Cox MG, Bhuiyan Z, Bikker H, Wiesfeld AC, Hauer RN, van Tintelen JP, Jongbloed JD, Calkins H, Judge DP, Wilde AA, Ackerman MJ. Distinguishing arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia-associated mutations from background genetic noise. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:2317–2327. 23. Bao J, Wang J, Yao Y, Wang Y, Fan X, Sun K, He DS, Marcus FI, Zhang S, Hui R, Song L. Correlation of ventricular arrhythmias with genotype in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2013;6:552–556. 24. Rigato I, Bauce B, Rampazzo A, Zorzi A, Pilichou K, Mazzotti E, Migliore F, Marra MP, Lorenzon A, De Bortoli M, Calore M, Nava A, Daliento L, Gregori D, Iliceto S, Thiene G, Basso C, Corrado D. Compound and digenic heterozygosity predicts lifetime arrhythmic outcome and sudden cardiac death in desmosomal gene-related arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2013;6: 533–542. 25. Sen-Chowdhry S, Syrris P, Ward D, Asimaki A, Sevdalis E, McKenna WJ. Clinical and genetic characterization of families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/ cardiomyopathy provides novel insights into patterns of disease expression. Circulation 2007;115:1710–1720. 26. Norman M, Simpson M, Mogensen J, Shaw A, Hughes S, Syrris P, Sen-Chowdhry S, Rowland E, Crosby A, McKenna WJ. Novel mutation in desmoplakin causes arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2005;112:636–642. 27. Bauce B, Frigo G, Marcus FI, Basso C, Rampazzo A, Maddalena F, Corrado D, WinnickiM, Daliento L, RigatoI,Steriotis A,MazzottiE, ThieneG, NavaA. Comparison of clinical features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in men versus women. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1252–1257. 28. James CA, Bhonsale A, Tichnell C, Murray B, Russel SD, Tandri H, Tedford RJ, Judge DP, Calkins H. Exercise increases age-related penetrance and arrhythmic risk inarrhythmogenicrightventriculardysplasia/cardiomyopathyassociateddesmosomal mutation carriers. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.033. 29. Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Zwiener M, Witt H, Schafers M, Zellerhoff S, Paul M, Athai T, Hiller KH, Baba HA, Breithardt G, Ruiz P, Wichter T, Levkau B. Age- and trainingdependent development of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in heterozygous plakoglobin-deﬁcient mice. Circulation 2006;114:1799–1806.	<urn:uuid:341391c1-da38-42e4-946c-1bab0fa42980>	CC-MAIN-2021-04	https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8d21/14765b646662d9061bd603862f8016d3d1c2.pdf	2021-01-16T00:43:43+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-04/subset=warc/part-00298-364a895c-5e5c-46bb-846e-75ec7de82b3b.c000.gz.parquet	512,317,434	9,499	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.829429	eng_Latn	0.910927	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4673, 11509, 14509, 18544, 18711, 18970, 22475, 29273, 36481 ]
CLINICAL CASE BILATERAL NEPHROBLASTOMA – CASE PRESENTATION A. Iacobiță 1 , L.A. Chivu 1 , Doinița Sfrijan 2 1 2 The University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Romania Pediatric Oncology Department, "Maria Sklodowska Curie" Emergency Children's Hospital, Bucharest, Romania Corresponding author: Alexandru Iacobiță Phone no. 0040743219825 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Nephroblastoma is the most common pediatric abdominal malignancy, representing approximately 30% of pediatric cancers.Our case concerns a 3-year-old girl diagnosed with bilateral nephroblastoma, who presented 4 renal tumors, of which one that originated in the left kidney was occupying almost entirely the left half of her abdomen. The patient, D. A., was hospitalized in the surgery department of „Maria Sklodowska Curie" Emergency Children's Hospital in Bucharest on 10.10.2014 in order to continue investigations regarding a right renal mass discovered incidentally during a routine abdominal echography. An abdominal CT scan revealed 2 masses in her left kidney, the largest of which measured 12/8/9 cm, and another 2 in her right kidney.Clinical and paraclinical data was suggestive for nephroblastoma, so a 4 week combined chemotherapy regimen (Vincristine and Actinomycin D) was initiated. A second abdominal CT showed a significant reduction in the size of the masses, which prompted physicians to repeat the regimen. Afterwards, a third abdominal CT scan showed an even further reduction in size, the largest mass now measuring 49/43 mm.The patient underwent a left ureteronephrectomy on 24.12.2014, along with the excision of the 2 right renal tumors. Postoperatively, a third chemotherapy regimen was initiated, with the same medication, this time lasting 27 weeks. At the time of publishing, the patient is still under chemotherapy treatment. This case presents a few interesting features, highlighting the possibility of a very positive response to treatment of nephroblastoma, despite a dire initial prognosis. Keywords: nephroblastoma, bilateral, child, chemotherapy, ureteronephrectomy Introduction Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms tumor, is a renal malignancy which presents a few very interesting specific features, including a high incidence rate as well as a high rate of treatability/curability, in comparison to other pediatric cancers. and 31 months in case of bilateral presentation [3,4]. Approximately 10% of patients present associated congenital malformations [5]. It is the most common pediatric renal malignancy, representing 85% of all pediatric renal cancers [1] and 6% of all pediatric malignancies [2]. The average age at diagnosis is 44 months in case of unilateral presentation Survival rates for patients vary from 33% to 98% and are dependent on the following factors: staging at diagnosis (Table 1), size of mass, patient age and histopathological characteristics (survival rate decreases as degree of anaplasia increases) [7-10]. Nephroblastoma treatment can be surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and is individualised according to staging and aggresiveness. Surgical treatment consists of nephrectomy associated with lymphadenectomy. Radiotherapy is indicated only in advanced stages [10], whilst chemotherapy plays a decisive role and is indicated in all stages, properties such as regimen intensity, frequency and length being established according to prognosis. Table 1 - Nephroblastoma staging Case presentation D. A., aged 38 months, was hospitalized in the surgery department of „Maria Sklodowska Curie" Emergency Children's Hospital in Bucharest on 10.10.2014 in order to continue investigations regarding a right renal mass discovered incidentally during a routine abdominal echography. Examination revealed an otherwise healthy child with a large mass occupying almost the entire left half of the abdomen, along with slight pain upon palpation of the right kidney. Giordano's sign is negative bilaterally. Initial blood work revealed a slight degree of anemia, along with an inflammatory reaction (Table 2). Homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid levels were normal. Table 2 - Selected abnormal results of initial blood work. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral nephroblastoma. An abdominal CT scan showed modified architecture of the left kidney, which presents 2 masses. The larger one, measuring 12/8/9 cm, had well defined boundaries and occupied ¾ of the renal parenchyma, almost filling the left half of the abdomen and displacing the spleen cranially (Figures 1 and 4). The second, situated at the inferior pole and extending medially, measured 5/4/5 cm. Both presented heterogenous structure and were destroying the renal parenchyma. The right kidney also presented 2 masses near the inferior pole, measuring 3/2.5 cm and 2/1.5 cm respectively. Their boundaries were clearly defined and they presented homogenous structure (Figures 2, 3 and 4). A lomboaortic lymphadenopathy was also observed. No other abdominal lesions or anomalies were reported. Material and Methods On 20.10.2014, the first regimen of chemotherapy was initiated, according to the 2001 SIOP protocol for bilateral nephroblastoma (Table 3). Table 3 - The first chemotherapy regimen Abdominal CT scan performed on 12.11.2014 showed a significant size reduction of all 4 renal masses, all of which now presented areas of necrosis. The 2 left renal masses now measured 71/57 mm and 25/18 mm respectively, whilst the 2 right renal masses measured 18/15 mm and 19/13 mm respectively. The patient underwent a second chemotherapy regimen, in accordance with protocol (Table 4). Table 4 - The second chemotherapy regimen. Abdominal CT scan performed on 17.12.2014 revealed further improvement, the 2 left renal masses now measuring 49/43 mm and 29/28 mm respectively (Figure 5), and the 2 right renal masses 17/16 mm and 6/5 mm respectively (Figure 6). Infracentrimetric retroperitoneal lymphadenopathies were also noted. The patient underwent surgery on 24.12.2014. Surgery consisted in left ureteronephrectomy, along with excision of left perihilar and paraaortic lymph nodes, which were hardened and increased in volume, as well as excision of the 2 right renal masses (Figure 7), along with the excision of right perihilar and pericaval lymph nodes and one mesenteric lymph node, all increased in size and hardened. Figure 5 - Significant decrease in size of the left renal tumors after the 2 rounds of chemotherapy The histopathological diagnosis was bilateral nephroblastoma (SIOP stage 5). All of the excised lymph nodes presented only sinus histiocytosis. Postoperative chemotherapy is initiated on 09.01.2015 (Figure 8). The patient is currently undergoing this final chemotherapy regimen. Discussions This case presents several interesting unique features, the first of which being that the patient presented 4 independent renal masses. Also, given the advanced stage of the disease upon diagnosis, the lack of symptoms and the presence of only a few clinical signs was quite surprising. It also serves to highlight the importance of good cooperation and communication among members of the treatment team in oncological cases, virtues that make therapeutic success in such cases a real possibility. Long-term follow-up investigations may prove interesting as well, as this child currently has a very questionable prognosis regarding both recurrence of the cancer and complications due to the reduced remaining renal volume and function. Detail has been removed from this case description to ensure anonymity. The editors and reviewers have seen the detailed information available and are satisfied that the information backs up the case the authors are making. References [1]Guermazi A. Imaging of kidney cancer. Springer Verlag. (2006) [2]Graham SD, Keane TE. Glenn's Urologic Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2009) [3]Breslow N, Olshan A, Beckwith JB, et al.: Epidemiology of Wilms tumor. Med Pediatr Oncol 21 (3): 172-81, 1993. [4]Horner MJ, Ries LA, Krapcho M, et al.: SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2006. Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute, 2009. [5]Scott RH, Stiller CA, Walker L, et al.: Syndromes and constitutional chromosomal abnormalities associated with Wilms tumour. J Med Genet 43 (9): 705-15, 2006. [6]Guideline to Treatment of Wilms Tumor at National Cancer Institute. [7]Kalapurakal JA, Dome JS, Perlman EJ, et al.: Management of Wilms' tumour: current practice and future goals. Lancet Oncol 5 (1): 37-46, 2004. [8]Ehrlich PF: Wilms tumor: progress and considerations for the surgeon. Surg Oncol 16 (3): 157-71, 2007. [9]Dome JS, Cotton CA, Perlman EJ, et al.: Treatment of anaplastic histology Wilms' tumor: results from the fifth National Wilms' Tumor Study. J Clin Oncol 24 (15): 2352-8, 2006. [10]Shamberger RC, Anderson JR, Breslow NE, et al.: Long-term outcomes for infants with very low risk Wilms tumor treated with surgery alone in National Wilms Tumor Study-5. Ann Surg 251 (3): 555-8, 2010. [11]D'Angio GJ, Breslow N, Beckwith JB, et al. Treatment of Wilms' tumor. Results of the Third National Wilms' Tumor Study. Cancer. Jul 15 1989;64(2):349-60. [12]Marks PW, Glader B. Approach to Anemia in the Adult and Child. In: Hoffman F, Benz EJ, Shattil SJ, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2009:Chap 34:439-46. [13]Braunwald, Eugene, et al. Harrisons's Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2008. [14]Mack, D. R.; Langton, C.; Markowitz, J.; LeLeiko, N.; Griffiths, A.; Bousvaros, A.; Evans, J.; Kugathasan, S.; Otley, A.; Pfefferkorn, M.; Rosh, J.; Mezoff, A.; Moyer, S.; Oliva-Hemker, M.; Rothbaum, R.; Wyllie, R.; delRosario, J. F.; Keljo, D.; Lerer, T.; Hyams, J. (1 June 2007). "Laboratory Values for Children With Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease". Pediatrics 119 (6): 1113–1119. [15]Ridker PM, Libby P. Risk Factors for Atherothrombotic Disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa; Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 39. [16]Guideline to Treatment of Wilms Tumor at National Cancer Institute. Available from: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/ wilms/HealthProfessional/page1	<urn:uuid:11e1f89a-a873-402a-a3cc-1e6952887939>	CC-MAIN-2021-25	https://journalofsurgicalsciences.com/index.php/jss/article/download/112/95/	2021-06-14T06:42:27+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-25/subset=warc/part-00044-e638c5dd-3c3d-4738-8d52-dc1e9f44de3a.c000.gz.parquet	311,759,326	2,577	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.856107	eng_Latn	0.979789	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3153, 4716, 6390, 7917, 10335 ]
BOTTOM HUNG OPEN IN WINDOWS SPRING CATCHES E13.11 01.02.2017 Waregemstraat 5 - 9870 Zulte - Belgium - T. +32 9 388 88 81 - F. +32 9 388 88 21 - [email protected] - www.sobinco.com SPRING CATCHES CONTENTS 4. Application examples ...........................................................E13.11.07 E13.11.02 ACCESSORIES FOR BOTTOM HUNG OPEN IN WINDOWS 1. Clampable spring catch n° 40100-650 1.1. General characteristics * Clampable spring catch with elegant shape. * Very quick installation of the spring catch by clamping in the vent euro-groove 15/20 mm and frame groove of 10 to 14 mm. * This spring catch in combination with the appropriate window stay n° 40140-550 offers the ideal solution for small tilt windows with easy operation. * Shoot bolt in synthetic material: no damage to the frame section. * The shoot bolt with flat closing surface engages 3.5 mm behind the frame profile. A frame keep is not required. * Size range: * Finish: - - Housing and handle: zinc alloy, always polyester powder coated in a choice of more than 450 RAL colours. - - Shoot bolt: black synthetic material - - Vent width: 300-1000 mm - - Maximum vent height: 1200 mm - - Maximum vent weight: 50 kg 1.2. Adjustment * Spring catch adjustment range: - - Level adjustment: +/-2 mm - - Inside gap tolerance: 21 mm +/-1.5 mm level adjustment ACCESSORIES FOR BOTTOM HUNG OPEN IN WINDOWS E13.11.03 SPRING CATCHES SPRING CATCHES 1.3. Push bar n° 40000-700 and n° 40000-1000 * Wide windows with 2 spring catches can be operated simultaneously by this oval connecting bar. In this case you also mount 2 link arms n° 40140-550. * Size range: * The bar and the end pieces are supplied separately so that the bar can be cut to length. Both should be ordered separately. * Finish: end pieces and bar in aluminium, anodised or polyester powder coated in a choice of more than 450 RAL colours. - - Vent width: 1000-1400 mm - - Maximum vent height: 1200 mm - - Maximum vent weight: 50 kg * Order code: - - Push bar n° 40000-700: length 700 mm - - Push bar n° 40000-1000: length 1000 mm - - End piece n° 40000-700-2 1.4. Installation with link arm n° 40140-550 * More details about link arm n° 40140-550: see page E13.12.03. E13.11.04 ACCESSORIES FOR BOTTOM HUNG OPEN IN WINDOWS SPRING CATCHES 2. Spring catch n° 703 * The spring catch n° 703 can be used in combination with a large range of wedges n° 704-.., which makes it suitable for use on aluminium, PVC or timber windows. * Control bar n° 703S at a length of 700 mm can be supplied for wide windows with 2 spring catches for simultaneous operation. * Finish: aluminium anodised or polyester powder coated in a choice of more than 450 RAL colours. 2.2. Wedges n° 704-.. * The wedge selection is section related and is determined by dimension A, this is the depth difference between vent section and frame section in the closed position. For one-level sections dimension A = 0 mm. * Finish: aluminium anodised or polyester powder coated in a choice of more than 450 RAL colours. 2.3. Wedges n° 704-.. with thickness plate * Wedges n° 704-.. in the table above are supplied with a thickness plate of 9.5 mm, 12 mm or 17.5 mm. * Finish: - - Wedge aluminium anodised or polyester powder coated in a choice of more than 450 RAL colours. - - Thickness plate in white or black plastic. ACCESSORIES FOR BOTTOM HUNG OPEN IN WINDOWS E13.11.05 SPRING CATCHES 3. Spring catches n° 702 3.1. Spring catch n° 702 * Shoot bolt in grey or black plastic. * Spring catch n° 702 VI is supplied with special screws for invisible fixing. * Finish: aluminium anodised or polyester powder coated in a choice of more than 450 RAL colours. 3.2. Wedges n° 707 * The fixing holes for the wedges n° 705 and n° 707 must be drilled by the fabricator in accordance with the dimensions of the sections. * Finish: aluminium anodised or polyester powder coated in a choice of more than 450 RAL colours. E13.11.06 ACCESSORIES FOR BOTTOM HUNG OPEN IN WINDOWS 4. Application examples On aluminium windows With control bar ACCESSORIES FOR BOTTOM HUNG OPEN IN WINDOWS E13.11.07 SPRING CATCHES On PVC windows	<urn:uuid:43edd2a7-6937-410c-b7ef-46635f9818f2>	CC-MAIN-2020-40	https://www.titon.com/uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/E13_11_Spring_catches.pdf	2020-09-28T19:47:51+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-40/subset=warc/part-00180-50bb8e61-7c5b-4d2c-bd34-dad6ca92b697.c000.gz.parquet	1,036,146,126	1,164	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.666306	eng_Latn	0.935798	[ "nld_Latn", "por_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 187, 365, 1428, 2303, 3424, 4024, 4177 ]
Fine Arts Perspective in User Interface Design Dr. Can Kültür Bilkent University Dept. of Computer and Instructional Technology Teacher Education, Ankara, Turkey +90-312-290 33 62 [email protected] Assistant Prof. Ilgım Veryeri Alaca Beykent University Faculty of Fine Arts, Dept. of Communication and Design Şişli-Ayazağa Mah., 34396 Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey +90-544-426 92 49 [email protected] ABSTRACT In this poster, we first aim to explain an interdisciplinary approach and question an idea and attempt. Second, we aim to underline challenges and enablers of such an attempt. This idea can be briefly summarized as "inclusion of learning activities and assessments that are applied in coordination with the Department of Fine Arts might be necessary in terms of developing visual design skills". The target of this approach is improving the courses like 'human computer interaction' or 'user-interface design'. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.2 [Design Tools and Techniques]: User Interfaces H.5.2 [User Interfaces]: Screen design (e.g., text, graphics, color) General Terms Design, Experimentation, Human Factors. Keywords Basic design, user interface design, design process, creative thinking. 1. INTRODUCTION While designing user interfaces, the elements and principles related to visual perception and aesthetics can also be found in studies of other fields like graphical design and fine arts. In addition to composition and aesthetics, another related issue is the design process that can be discussed from multiple perspectives. Additionally, in such courses, it is also important to explain the design process. When taking a course related to 'user interface design' for the first time, students may have tendency to jump into trial-and-error way of using visual elements. We also observed that, in such context, students might use 'design' word instead of using 'graphical design', 'visual design' or 'aesthetics'. Misuse of this concept might result in neglecting to design and underestimation of cognitive processes underlying a successful visual design. Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). ITiCSE'09, July 6–9, 2009, Paris, France. ACM 978-1-60558-381-5/09/07. Students studying computer programming are not expected to show high artistic performances. However, especially when they are graduated, they are expected to work with professionals from other fields such as 'graphical designers'. In this context, it is obvious that communication within the project-team and understanding the viewpoints of other professionals turns into a challenging issue. Considering these points, new multidisciplinary learning activities and assessments are proposed to have a positive effect on student learning and motivation. 2. PROPOSED LEARNING ACTIVITIES Depending on these observations, by experimentation, some activities and assessments supported by 'Department of Fine Arts' are included in an HCI course. The aim of these activities were introducing and integrating different viewpoints in terms of visual design and design processes. Objectives of the activities and the assessment were (1) introducing the basic principles and elements of design (2) applying the selected principles and elements to a selected HCI related topic and (3) understanding the design process from a different and innovative point of view. As an initial constraint, the time reserved for visual design is generally limited and most of the students were not familiar with fine art. Considering this using 'Collage' and 'Assemblage' (A system of components assembled together for a particular purpose) techniques were decided to be more appropriate and feasible. Using design elements and principles from the point of fine arts is integrated with the topic of the course through producing a collage on their selected HCI related term. Through this collage activity critical thinking, discussing and simulating the design process is expected from the students. 3. CONCLUSION Questioning the design process from a very different field and applying the principles through a collage project on the user interface related concepts seem worth considering. The challenges and enablers should be considered in such innovative or experimental approaches.	<urn:uuid:6e612a30-3852-489f-9872-a6e6a4510f19>	CC-MAIN-2021-49	http://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11693/28650/Fine%20arts%20perspective%20in%20user%20interface%20design.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	2021-12-04T01:50:44+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-49/subset=warc/part-00056-eb7089cf-762b-4a3e-8cab-20b677c0d246.c000.gz.parquet	62,992,854	846	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.993568	eng_Latn	0.993568	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4276 ]
\| 52 St SE / Copperfield Garage fs \| Inverness Gt / Promenade Wy nb \| Lord Beaverbrook HS wb \| Lord Beaverbrook HS sb \| Lord Beaverbrook HS sb \| 52 St SE / Copperfield Garage sb \| \|---------------------------------\|-------------------------------\|------------------------\|------------------------\|------------------------\|---------------------------------\| \| 8:15 \| 8:23 \| 8:50 \| \| \| \| \| 8:15 \| 8:23 \| 8:50 \| \| \| \| \| 8:15 \| 8:23 \| 8:50 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 14:05 \| 14:15 \| 14:45 \| \| \| \| \| 14:05 \| 14:15 \| 14:45 \| \| \| \| \| 14:05 \| 14:15 \| 14:45 \| \| \| \| \| 15:30 \| 15:40 \| 16:10 \| \| \| \| \| 15:30 \| 15:40 \| 16:10 \| \| \| \| \| 15:30 \| 15:40 \| 16:10 \| Operates school days only - trip may be cancelled during school vacation periods f - Friday only m - Monday to Thursday school days only	<urn:uuid:3788f431-23f2-4284-8740-dd3d646655ff>	CC-MAIN-2024-42	https://transit-prd.calgary.ca/content/dam/transit/files/pocketschedule/714.pdf	2024-10-13T13:27:41+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-42/subset=warc/part-00104-0c083cf2-c0ed-42ad-af5c-44f7548e96a0.c000.gz.parquet	500,971,189	322	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.999775	eng_Latn	0.999775	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 2082 ]
Non-domestic wastewater admissions standards PO Box 5042, Gold Coast MC Qld 9729 goldcoastcity.com.au General enquiries 1300 000 928 SBI-2901 All wastewater discharged to Council's wastewater system shall at all times comply with the standards set out below, unless otherwise specified in your Trade Waste Approval. Any substance not listed in the table below and those listed as a prohibited discharge may not be discharged to Council's wastewater system. Council may request specific demonstrable evidence based on a degradability and toxicity for any substance when assessing acceptance for discharge to its wastewater system. Prohibited discharges [x] flammable/explosive substances [x] solid or viscous substances in a quantity, or of a size, that can obstruct the operation of Council's wastewater network system. Examples include but are not limited to: metal, glass, plastic, rags, ash, cinders, straw, tar, wood, grease and oil. [x] radioactive substance except as allowed for under the Queensland Radiation Safety Act 1999 and Regulation 2010 [x] pathological and infectious waste and cytotoxic waste except as allowed for under the National Industry Code of Practice for the Management of Clinical and Related Wastes [x] floodwater, rainwater, roof water, stormwater, subsoil water and surface water [x] substances referred to in Schedule 1 of the Water Supply (Safety and Reliability) Act 2008 [x] genetically engineered organisms require an approval for each substance. Non-domestic wastewater admissions standards PO Box 5042, Gold Coast MC Qld 9729 goldcoastcity.com.au General enquiries 1300 000 928 SBI-2901	<urn:uuid:dda8511c-522a-40c5-b360-0616f1e435e0>	CC-MAIN-2017-34	https://ablis.business.gov.au/QLD/resource/L051-054i01.pdf	2017-08-18T21:57:47Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105187.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20170818213959-20170818233959-00215.warc.gz	722,005,913	353	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.637218	eng_Latn	0.913717	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1488, 1633 ]
The PetaFlops Router: Harnessing FPGAs and Accelerators for High Performance Computing Z.K. Baker, T. Bhattacharya, M. Dunham, P.S. Graham, R. Gupta, J. Inman, A. Klein, G.J. Kunde, A. McPherson, M. Stettler, J.L. Tripp Los Alamos National Laboratory Email: [email protected] Abstract The PetaFlops Router is a new approach to computing wherein network architecture and compute decisions are dynamically customized for a particular application. New Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and router technologies including multi-gigabit transceivers and application speciﬁc blocks can provide vastly improved performance. The PetaFlops Router provides greatly improved data transfer rates, computational efﬁciency, and programmability compared with application-speciﬁc hardware. This represents a fundamental change in highperformance computing through optimized heterogeneous data processing elements and ﬂatter memory structures. generate over a petabyte/s of information and thus it is only possible to capture very speciﬁc particle interactions. The FPGA examines the input collisions and implements the selection algorithm. The system is an excellent example of how FPGAs can be applied to data-ﬂow style computation. 1. Introduction Achieving high performance on modern computers is difﬁcult without detailed architectural knowledge. The goals of computer designers and end-user scientists are often at odds. A computer designer is happy to tie together a variety of high-end processors, each with its own strengths. Using these systems, without an efﬁcient programming paradigm, requires intimate knowledge of the components, which makes it difﬁcult for anyone other than an expert to achieve maximum performance. The end-user scientist would prefer to not have to learn these system details due to time constraints and the cost of learning through mistakes when one if forced to consider the ramiﬁcations of every programming decision. A scientist's time is better spent doing science, not struggling with low-level programming details. The PetaFlops Router provides the performance of highly parallel, custom hardware, while allowing the user to program easy-to-use, high-level concepts. The PetaFlops Router extends the basic structure used in the design of the Matrix board [6], designed for the CMS Global Calorimeter Trigger used at CERN's LHC experiment, which processes over 340Gbits/s of data from 20,000 sensor inputs. The Matrix board (Figure 1) consists of a Xilinx Virtex 5 LX110T for processing, a Mindspeed crosspoint switch for routing, two banks of SDRAM for local storage, and a µTCA backplane connection. Input data from the sensors arrives through three ﬁber module on the front of the card. This is processed in the FPGA and interesting particle interactions are passed to the backplane for routing to permanent storage. Processed data can easily The idea of organizing computation in a data-ﬂow style architecture is not new [1, 7]. Likewise, organizing heterogeneous computation in a data-ﬂow architecture has been explored before [3]. However, the use of FPGAs to organize and control the movement of data, as well as providing certain custom computational blocks, is new as it can provide a mechanism to harness the power of FPGAs without requiring expert FPGA designers for the lifetime of a system. The FPGA can provide lower latency for determining the next phase of computation, as well as having the ability to connect natively to high-speed serial data links. The typical memory hierarchy is simpliﬁed and can be customized to provide low latency application speciﬁc caches. The cache memories can be shared between multiple nodes of the compute fabric taking advantage of the dynamic switching. Other hardware systems, XD1 [2], SGI RASC [5], Xtreme Data [10], and Xilinx Accelerated Computing Platform [9], have used FPGAs as an accelerator or network router which can be built up into large clusters. However, they all require expert knowledge to program and use to their full advantage. Convey Computer [8] addresses this usability gap at the instruction level, but relies on conventional computer infrastructure. 2. Approach The PetaFlops Router adds a co-processor to the Matrix card and connects the Mindspeed crosspoint switch to a conﬁgurable local network. Thus, the system is not limited to FPGA-based computation, but is capable of routing to other FPGAs and accelerators. The multi-gigabit transceivers on an FPGA can operate in a variety of modes to connect to a variety of serial standards (e.g., PCIExpress, Serial RapidIO, Inﬁniband, 1 and 10 Gigabit Ethernet, XAUI). High-speed serial has become the approach of choice for high bandwidth point-to-point connections since it is simpler to synchronize a single data line to a clock than dozens of data lines. FPGAs can include dozens of these serial transceivers, allowing high aggregate bandwidth. This is useful as modern graphics processing accelerators and coprocessors are commonly connected to their hosts via PCI Express. The PetaFlops Router combines a large amount of network bandwidth with capable co-processors. FPGAs can cheaply implement boolean, byte, and ﬁxedpoint operators, making them well-suited for signal processing, encryption, and other highly parallel kernels such as genome sequencing. However, certain operations, in particular double-precision ﬂoating point, are resource intensive and reduce the total amount of parallelism achievable. Coprocessors can provide operators that are costly to implement on FPGAs. While FPGAs have moved beyond 'glue logic', they still retain the volume of input/output pins required for providing high bandwidth connections to memory interfaces; these pins can be used to connect an FPGA to a ﬂoating-point accelerator or any other custom ASIC to provide application-speciﬁc co-processing. Beyond the FPGA and attached co-processors, the PetaFlops Router includes a highly capable network switch that operates on high-speed serial interconnect. The basis of the network is a protocol agnostic crossbar switch, a commodity device, which is revolutionary when applied at a node level. Crossbars are typically used to connect together groups of nodes. Placing a crossbar on every node allows a signiﬁcant extension of capability. The crossbar provides a set of n 2 connections to n input ports and n output ports. Thus, any input can be connected to any of the outputs. Not only can it provide an independent path for each of the inputs to each of the outputs, it can also efﬁciently perform one-to-all communication by connecting an input to all of the outputs. A single crossbar can connect up to 32 nodes, which is useful but not scalable. With a crossbar on every processing node, essentially any network topography can be built from a collection of nodes. The crossbars can be modiﬁed at runtime to act as network switches, or can be conﬁgured by an application for a particular network topology. An important aspect is the ability to adapt the system to the particular application. The PetaFlops Router takes application topology into account, and adapts algorithm dynamics and knowledge of the system state to optimize performance. This allows the system to be optimized for a particular class of applications, either by adjusting the crossbar connections or by adjustments to physical connections. The ﬂexibility provided by the crossbars makes the system ideal for a wide range of scales, from a small embedded system to large HPC installations. Each node can be connected to a host, to other nodes, or through a backplane to additional crossbars and racks. At the node level, the PetaFlops Router programming approach builds up components into functional templates, and then efﬁciently connects them through the on-node switch structure. This allows a user to program the system in an easy high-level fashion. A user interested in building a signal-processing application might want a collection of FFT blocks, CORDIC cores (for trigonometric functions and exponentials), and matrix/vector units. An image-processing user might want some of the same cores, plus windowing operators and other support for 2-D data. These cores would be available as ﬁrmware libraries for the FPGA, built to natively interface with the system. Memory load and stores, as well as data movement between devices and co-processors implementing some other advanced functionality are all controlled within the same framework. This framework is built on a language that would be familiar to anyone with a background in high-level parallel programming. However, instead of thinking in terms of explicit scheduling and element-by-element movement and computation, computation is scheduled when its data is ready, and data is moved as appropriate for its scheduled computation. In this way, the user can program operations in a way that makes sense for a scientist, and the hardware can handle the underlying issues of timing and operator scheduling. Unlike classic notions of a vector machine, the system can have dozens of functions operating on a stream at one time, with those functions being highly complex (like an FFT or layered matrix multiply). This allows vast parallelism whereas a traditional microprocessor can only execute few multiplies or adds in a given cycle. A key advance in our architecture is that FPGAs serve as "Smart Glue," not only connecting pieces together but also making decisions about how the computation will move forward through a hybrid data-ﬂow architecture. The Smart Glue is far more capable that just moving data between computational units, although providing scheduling and routing decisions will be a large part of both the de- velopment and the contribution of the system. The Smart Glue has the potential to be both self-optimizing and errortolerant. Link failures or simple congestion (not necessarily network, but computational or memory bandwidth) can make the ﬂexibility of an FPGA controlled routing fabric a powerful feature. Having multiple routes to get data in and out transparently to the user is a very powerful feature. Figure 3. General internal crossbar architecture to connect functional units . . . Node Logic Logic Node Node Receive Send Inter−FPGA Crossbar Inter−FPGA Crossbar Vector FIFO Vector FIFO Vector FIFO Vector FIFO Vector FIFO Node Receive Send Ext. Crossbar Ext. Crossbar Vector FIFO The SmartGlue system is based around input/output crossbars and a series of First-In First-Out (FIFO) registers (Figure 3). The FIFO registers are essentially a vector register with a read and write port, such that the system can simultaneously read and write to the same register. The FIFOs are allocated via a renaming scheme that also prevents read/write hazards. The crossbar is a network component that allows connection from any one of the inputs to any number of outputs. This foundation connects together the components that actually do computation, as well as link the system to other co-processors. The system can work like a classic vector processor in some cases, namely, when the size of the data vectors is smaller than the size of the FIFO register. However, breaking long vectors up into blocks is not always necessary; when there are sufﬁcient computational units and data path to move the data between units, it is possible to start streaming data into the next computation unit before it has fully populated the transfer register. Each chip has potentially hundreds of computation units and several hundred 512x32 data FIFOs. These handle computation and data movement within one FPGA. Between FPGAs, the system becomes more complex as data bandwidth outside of the chip is necessarily less than onchip band-width. Communication between FPGAs is handled by external crossbars that are operationally similar to the on-chip crossbars. One of the keys to the performance of the system is that the high granularity of the individual instructions provides signiﬁcant native parallelism. Rather than trying to schedule small operations (multiply, add) across nested loops, all of the issues of fast implementation for a limited number of complex functions have already been handled in hardware. A second aspect of high performance is the ability of the system to recognize and generate pipelined implementations based on a dependency analysis. Thus, in many cases, a result can be generated every cycle as long as data is available from memory. The following code sample gives a sense of how the system functions, and the scale of the instruction operators. The operators used in the assembly code correspond directly to functional units in the SmartGlue system; they are not assembly macros. #get 256 words from address 0 # and put it in name R1 FETCH R1 0 256 #get 256 words from address 256 # and put it in name R7 FETCH R7 256 256 # do an FFT of R1 and put it in R2 FFT R1 R7 R2 R8 # get a mag of the complex output ABS R2 R3 3. Conclusion In this paper, we present the PetaFlops Router, a new approach to computing wherein network architecture and compute decisions are customized for a particular application. By integrating FPGA, co-processor and router technologies including multi-gigabit transceivers and application speciﬁc blocks, the system provides vastly improved performance. References [1] F. J. Burkowski. A multi-user data ﬂow architecture. In ISCA '81: Proc. of the 8th annual symp. on Computer Architecture, pages 327–340, Los Alamitos, CA, 1981. IEEE CS Press. [2] Cray, Inc., Seattle, WA. Cray XD1 FPGA Devel., 2004. [3] J. R. Gurd, C. C. Kirkham, and I. Watson. The manchester prototype dataﬂow computer. Comm. ACM, 28(1):34–52, 1985. [4] J. Jones. Real-time supercomputing in the search for new physics. Presentation at LANL, November 2008. [5] SGI, Inc. SGI products: RASC technology. http://www. sgi.com/products/rasc, 2006. [6] M. Stettler, K. Fountas, M. Hansen, G. Iles, and J. Jones. Modular trigger processing: The GCT muon and quiet bit system. In TWEPP07, Prague, Czech Rep., 2007. [7] A. Vinod and K. Vinod. A multiple processor data ﬂow machine that supports generalized procedures. In ISCA '81: Proc. of the 8th annual symp. on Computer Architecture, pages 291–302, Los Alamitos, CA, 1981. IEEE CS Press. [8] S. Wallach. Computer architecture: Past, present, future. http://www.lanl.gov/conferences/lacss/ 2008/slides/Wallach.pdf, Oct. 2008. [9] Xilinx, Inc. http://www.xilinx.com/prs rls/2007/ events corp/0757 intelforum.htm, Apr. 2007. [10] XtremeData, Inc. http://www.xtremedata.com.	<urn:uuid:3d46e8eb-5767-4b56-b29d-e4246febc295>	CC-MAIN-2018-05	http://saahpc.ncsa.illinois.edu/09/papers/Baker_paper.pdf	2018-01-22T22:18:30Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084891543.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20180122213051-20180122233051-00162.warc.gz	305,584,982	3,175	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.993851	eng_Latn	0.995463	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4158, 10126, 14560 ]
BEFORE THE NEVADA GAMING COMMISSION AND THE STATE GAMING CONTROL BOARD In the Matter of THE APPLICATION OF BAY MEADOWS OPERATING COMPANY, LLC FOR APPROVAL TO SHARE IN THE REVENUE FROM THE CONDUCT OF OFF-TRACK PARI-MUTUEL WAGERING ORDER THIS MATTER came on regularly for hearing before the State Gaming Control Board ("Board") on September 1, 1999, and specially before the Nevada Gaming Commission ("Commission") on September 3, 1999, at Las Vegas, Nevada; and THE BOARD AND COMMISSION having considered all information pertinent hereto; IT IS HEREBY ORDERED BY THE NEVADA GAMING COMMISSION UPON THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE STATE GAMING CONTROL BOARD: 1. THAT the application of Bay Meadows Operating Company, LLC for approval to share in the revenue from the conduct of off-track pari-mutuel race wagering, as amended and supplemented, is hereby accepted as filed. 2. THAT Bay Meadows Operating Company, LLC is granted approval to share in the revenue from the conduct of off-track pari-mutuel race wagering, said approval conditioned as follows: (a) That Bay Meadows Operating Company, LLC shall cause its affiliated company, Paine Webber Group, Inc., to (i) comply with the provisions of NRS 463.639(1) and NGC Regulation 16.330, specifically by submitting to the Board only copies of all Form 10-K's and Form 10-Q's filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and any Form 8-K's filed with the SEC and any press releases that materially relate to Bay Meadows Operating Company, LLC or Bay Meadows Race Track Facility, and (ii) shall also comply with any requests for additional reporting requirements made by the Board. (b) That the following information shall be reported to the Board, in writing, within 30 days after the end of the quarter concerning the occurrence or absence of the following: (1) Any changes in Bay Meadows Operating Company, LLC and Paine Webber Group, Inc. officers, directors, or key personnel directly or indirectly engaged in the active administration or supervision of the gaming operations conducted at Bay Meadows Racetrack and related facilities who earn $50,000 or more annually. (2) All gaming related complaints, investigations into alleged misconduct, orders to show cause, and disciplinary actions instituted by, presided over, or in connection with the California Horse Racing Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any gaming regulatory agency, involving Bay Meadows Operating Company, LLC, and Paine Webber Group, Inc. or its officers, directors, owners, agents or employees thereof. (3) All arrests made of Bay Meadows Operating Company, LLC and Paine Webber Group, Inc. and its affiliates' officers, directors, owners, agents or employees and its patrons involving gaming misconduct or felony charges in the State of California. The report shall include: the name, position, charge, arresting agency and a brief description of the event. (4) Any known gaming cheating or theft wherein an arrest is not made. (5) A copy of the application for licensure to conduct horse racing, and any exhibits or attachments thereto, as provided to the California Horse Racing Board. (c) That Bay Meadows Operating Company, LLC and Paine Webber Group, Inc. shall fund and maintain with the Board a revolving fund in the total amount of $5,000 for the purpose of funding investigative review by the Board for compliance with the terms of this Order. Without limiting the foregoing, the Board shall have the right, without notice, to draw upon the funds of said account for the payment of costs and expenses incurred by the Board and its staff in the surveillance, monitoring and investigative reviews of activities of Bay Meadows Operating Company, LLC, Paine Webber Group, Inc. and its controlled affiliates. 3. THAT this Order, and the approvals, terms and conditions contained herein, shall terminate at midnight on the day of the August 2000 regularly scheduled Commission meeting. ENTERED at Las Vegas, Nevada, this 3rd day of September 1999. FOR THE COMMISSION: Brian Sandoval, Chairman Submitted by: Daurean G. Sloan, Chief Corporate Securities Division APPROVED AS TO FORM: FRANKIE SUE DEL PAPA ATTORNEY GENERAL By: Deputy Attorney General Gaming Division	88204b72-8225-4122-8488-eb3ba1398dcd	CC-MAIN-2024-33	https://gaming.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/gamingnvgov/content/about/orders-of-registration/order-bay-meadows-operating-co-and-california-jockey-club-4-order-off-track-pari-mutuel-wagering-090399.pdf	2024-08-06T10:36:50+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-33/subset=warc/part-00292-4f628544-3cdf-4526-86aa-bdfa0b33cdc9.c000.gz.parquet	217,353,158	908	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.958922	eng_Latn	0.982096	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 870, 2452, 3776, 4239 ]
COUNTRY REPORTS SAUDI ARABIA SPECIAL As seen in NEWSWEEK The Davos Issue January 2020 Saudi Arabia accelerates ahead Vision 2030 is the catalyst for socioeconomic change As comprehensive and bold as it is ambitious, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 strategic development blueprint is building on the kingdom’s strengths and capabilities, including vast wealth of non-oil resources and human talent. Since its launch in 2016, Vision 2030 has seen the public and private sectors strive to transform the energy-rich country into a global investment powerhouse by stimulating the economy and diversifying revenues away from black gold through a series of measures and fundamental changes. “Our Vision is a strong, thriving, and stable Saudi Arabia that provides opportunity for all,” states Crown Prince and Chairman of the Council of Economic and Development Affairs, Mohammad bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud. “We are determined to reinforce the capabilities of our economy, turning key strengths into enabling tools for a fully diversified future. As such, we will transform Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Aramco) from an oil producing company into a global industrial conglomerate [hence its recently successful huge Initial Public Offering (IPO)]. We will transform the Public Investment Fund (PIF) into the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund. We will encourage our major corporations to expand across borders and take their rightful place in global markets.” Investment taps open as flood of FDI flows into the kingdom Billions of dollars of foreign direct investment (FDI) has gushed into the kingdom over the past few years, with the drive for economic liberalization embraced by key government entities like the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA). While emerging economic sectors like tourism, and leisure and entertainment grow at pace, the kingdom’s natural resources and enviable position at continental crossroads remain a powerful magnet for major FDI, as clearly illustrated by the $2 billion of new petrochemical investment deals signed by SAGIA in November 2019. Every day, several new foreign investment projects are granted licenses by SAGIA, with such applications in 2019 up more than 70 percent year-on-year. Spearheading efforts to improve the business climate in the capital and surrounding region, the Riyadh Chamber of Commerce (RCC) helps acquaint foreign investors with local laws and regulations, and maintain commercial and investment relationships with national firms and institutions. The chamber also contributes to the state strategy of Saudization, as well as the transfer of technology and knowledge to national hands. “Vision 2030 lays the essential groundwork for diversifying sources of income, enhancing investment conditions, job creation, supporting national industry, and assisting with the logistics for private investment related events and activities,” explains RCC chairman, Ajlan Bin Abdul Aziz Al Ajlan. The senior executive highlights the enormity of the National Transformation Program (NTP), which comprises nearly 550 initiatives and a huge budget of about $72 billion for 2016-2020. Of these initiatives, more than 120 are closely related to the private sector, representing 23 percent of the total. The overall budget allocated to the initiatives related to the private sector amount to $35 billion, or 49 percent of the program’s total spend. “The RCC has had many initiatives to back the move to privatization due to our firm conviction of the private sector’s leverage and ability to upgrade the service level in various projects,” Al Ajlan adds. “We are keen to enhance the role of the business sector, striving to assist it through the sectorial committees of the RCC. I extend a big welcome to business people and investors in all countries, and invite them to visit Saudi Arabia to acclimatize to the reality of economic development in all sectors.” New arrivals will look to follow the example of the El Ajou Group Trading Company, the trading arm of the prestigious Abdul Ghani El Ajou & Sons Holding Co. With its parent among the top 100 firms in the kingdom, the company has become a leading provider of office automation, including document imaging and printing solutions, space management and office furniture solutions. “The education sector is really growing, with many new universities planned. Our integrated business solutions strategic business unit is very engaged with the sector,” says Maher A. El-Ajou, Vice Chairman, Abdul Ghani El Ajou & Sons Holding Co. Samba Financial leads the way The award-winning banking giant has set its sights on exciting new markets When the business world watched the high-profile launch of oil giant Aramco’s long-awaited IPO in late 2019, it was no surprise to see the lead manager of the project was national banking titan Samba Financial Group. One of the kingdom’s most successful companies with a strong, visible footprint in international markets, Samba has grown from a premier bank into an international financial services entity. The firm’s increasing presence in the Middle East, Europe and South Asia includes branches in Dubai and Pakistan. International growth is a vital part of Samba’s vision as it seeks to bring its brand of world class banking services to more customers. As a leader in pioneering innovative banking services and products, Samba’s outstanding reputation is complemented by its a broad range of accounts and investment portfolios. Frequently named the best bank in Saudi Arabia, such unparalleled consistency shows Samba’s enduring commitment to excellence, an unwavering commitment inspired by the trust and confidence of its investment, business and personal banking customers. In another first, the dynamic company was proud to appoint the banking sector’s first ever female CEO, with Rania M. Nashar generating record profits in her first full year at the helm. “At Samba, if you have the talent and drive, ‘she sky’s the limit,’ and I’m an example of that,” explains Nashar, adding she worked her way up to the top position over two decades. “What I like about Vision 2030—and I don’t see this in many other countries—is the government and the ministries have key performance indicators (KPIs). Investors are appraising on their performance similar to CEOs of companies. Now the commercial sector is growing at a faster rate than the private sector, which is really challenging for us. When we look at a government and what the government offers, it’s amazing.” “The financial sector is one of the main contributors to enhancing public-private partnerships (PPPs), one of the goals of Vision 2030. Banks are becoming more innovative and creative; they’re tapping sectors that were previously unbankable. They’re creating solutions and working hand-in-hand with the government, and the achievements the sector contributed to are significant. For instance, in the housing industry, banks have partnered with the Real Estate Development Fund (REDF) and the Ministry of Housing. In just a year, more than 100,000 loans have been approved.” Vision 2030’s green light for growth generates many winners Nashar is highly satisfied with the kingdom’s progress towards its many Vision 2030 goals, comparing the nation’s journey to time drivers at the start of a race who, over the lights, have a green accelerator ahead with everything they have: “We’re running in one direction towards one vision, and a shared future.” While some companies would be delighted with its enviable track record of success, Samba is well aware of the need to invest in state-of-the-art systems, including financial technology (FinTech) like Blockchain, and the development of the kingdom’s talented workforce to stay ahead of its rivals, both regionally and internationally. Our world-class services, market-leading products and superior technology make us a very successful financial services brand. Rania M. Nashar, CEO, Samba Financial Group “We also have a partnership with Monshaar, the authority for the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector,” Nashar adds. “Banks create products and services that support SMEs, a key driver of the economy. Since our inception, Samba has played a major role in the modern transformation of banking in Saudi Arabia. Our world-class services, market-leading products and superior technology make us a very successful financial services brand, and the most innovative and competitive in the region.” Approaching its 70th birthday in fine shape courtesy of a winning strategy focused on extensive retail and investment operations, prudent management of asset quality, and diligent cost control, the National Commercial Bank (NCB) is the largest commercial bank in the kingdom. An industry pioneer, NCB’s esteemed history is built on a series of firsts: it was the first Saudi bank to launch a mutual fund product, the first to introduce credit cards, the first to operate an ATM, the first to introduce students savings schemes, and the first to open women-only branches. Given its strong legacy and impressive evolution into the premier financial services provider, NCB boasts large assets, financing, and deposits, and enjoys healthy capital and liquidity ratios, underpinned by a diversified business model. The award-winning operator has the scale to enable the transformation of the Saudi economy and is the ideal platform to partner with international firms and investors for mutually-beneficial alliances. New chapters being crafted in incredible transformation story “Saudi Arabia is the natural financial hub in the region. It’s the largest economy in the Middle East, a member of the G20 and a strong regional and international investor,” states Faisal O. Al Sagafi, CEO of NCB. “We have recently seen several measures introduced by the government to improve the regulatory framework and attract foreign investors, which paves the way for further expansion and growth. The country has embarked on a great transformation story and there are tremendous growth and investment opportunities for investors, businesses and private sectors in what will be a sustainable growth story for many years to come.” With paid-up capital of $8 billion, NCB also owns premier investment house and arm NCB Capital, and is the majority shareholder of Turkasyi Finans Karalim Bankasi (TFKB), the leading participation bank in Turkey. NCB is also a huge investor in Saudi citizens, with its workforce overwhelmingly comprised of local employees. “We focus on homegrown talent and have a very strong youth development program,” Al Sagafi adds. “We will continue to develop this because banks, ultimately, are only as good as their people. I want my legacy to be a great talent base that is highly motivated, highly effective, customer-focused, and driven to achieve success and deliver great returns to our shareholders.” Another major source of pride for the senior executive and his management team is the company’s strong commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) across its extensive branch network, many offices, and other front-end and back-end operations. “CSR not only allows us to give back to the community, but to engage our employees and give them the opportunity to contribute on a personal level, which instills a sense of belonging to the organization,” he explains. “Our productive families program is designed for women and run by women. We train women who wish to start their business and through the micro-financing program help them start and grow their sustainable business, and sell their products.” Banking sector is platform for growth Well capitalized and strictly regulated, financial services firms are flourishing With more than a dozen players of varying size, Saudi Arabia’s banking industry is well capitalized, a key condition for FDI and trade, and complemented by a financial services sector comprising insurance companies, specialized lending institutions, and the stock exchange (Tadawul). Industry guardian the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) operates as the central bank with a remit including the supervision of banks and financial entities, management of monetary policy, and responsibility for ensuring strict compliance with banking system rules and regulations. The banking sector is at the heart of Vision 2030, with the Financial Sector Development Program (FSDP) striving to develop a diversified and effective financial sector to support the development of the national economy, diversify sources of income, and stimulate savings, finance and investment, and introduce cutting-edge technologies to boost efficiency. “The FSDP will achieve this ambition by enabling financial institutions to support private sector growth, ensuring the formation of an advanced capital market, and promoting and enabling financial planning, without contradicting the strategic objectives of maintaining the stability and solidity of the financial sector,” notes the Vision 2030 document. Vision 2030 commitments for 2020 include: increasing the total size of financial assets to GDP ratio to 201 percent from 192 percent in 2016; boosting the share of capital markets assets from 41 percent to 45 percent; increasing the share of SME financing at banks from 2 percent to 5 percent; opening up the financial services sector to new players, like FinTechs firms, to spur innovation and growth. Banque Saudi Fransi eyes debut in mass-market segment With its once traditional focus on corporate banking paving the way for strategic expansion into other sectors, Banque Saudi Fransi (BSF) is a modern and dynamic financial institution fully geared to meet the challenges of the future. With 86 branches, nearly 560 ATMs, and more than 3,000 employees, BSF certainly has the experience, size and capacity to conquer new market segments, with retail banking currently in its sights. “Our strategy is very much focused on capturing part of a market segment we have not efficiently addressed in the past, which is the mass-market segment,” reveals Rayan Fayez, Managing Director and CEO of BSF. “We are not planning to be a big retail bank, but we are only playing in 20 percent of the market when there is 80 percent we intentionally have not addressed previously. We will dip our toes into that now. We want to grow market share beyond our historical position to something more commensurate to our size. When you look at our number of branches, it represents roughly 5 percent of the market share of branches. When you look at our deposits, it also reflects 6-7 percent of retail deposits. But when you look at our assets, which are the retail loans, they are 2-3 percent of the market. When we say we want to grow our retail loan business it’s simply growing it into something commensurate to the size of our retail network, as our assets are being under-utilized.” Recognized as one of the leading Shariah compliant financial providers in the kingdom, Bank Aljazira (BAJ) is a fast-growing, client-driven and service-oriented Saudi bank. Its broad product portfolio offers individuals, businesses, and institutions innovative financial services through teams of professional and dedicated staff. Given its extensive experience and operations in personal, corporate, and investment banking, BAJ is building on its strong foundations and investing heavily in digital services to take advantage of the kingdom’s technology-savvy young population. “One of the pillars of our new strategy is to build and focus on digital banking and encourage innovation,” explains BAJ CEO and Managing Director, Nahil Al Hoshan. “We have a significant portion of the new generation coming into the market and must be ready for them, and adapt to their needs.” Boasting the largest customer base of any bank in the kingdom, the award-winning Al Rajhi Bank benefits from a vast network of more than 570 branches, over 150 dedicated ladies branches, nearly 4,800 ATMs, and more than 74,600 point of sale (POS) terminals installed with merchants. “There are several competitive advantages that differentiate us,” states CEO Steve Bertamini. “We have the best distribution network in the Middle East; the strongest banking brand, and are also seen as the most innovative local brand in the country. Additionally we are the best capitalized bank in the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, and have the highest customer satisfaction as measured by our net promoter score. We have been outperforming the industry for quite some time. What has truly helped is our very clear strategic focus: on our customers, on the best digital experience, and on strategic sectors aligned with Vision 2030.” Striving to become the preferred choice for genuine Islamic banking solutions, Bank Albilad offers financial products in business, retail, and investment banking. “With our investment in technology, people, infrastructure, product innovation and customer relationships, our strong growth will continue well into the future,” says CEO, Abdulaziz M. Alonazan. Innovative construction projects featuring distinct designs are real success With lucrative large-scale investments in diverse sectors like real estate development, retail services, food and beverage, commercial aviation services, financial services, technologies, and health services, Hisham Bin Abdulaziz Almousa Investment Group’s reach is impressive. By concentrating on innovative projects with a distinct design, the company has established an outstanding reputation for excellence and minimizing risk through diversification. “More than 50 percent of our investments are partnered with international companies,” notes General Director, Hisham Almousa. “We also have partnerships with several international companies in different fields. There are great opportunities in all sectors in Saudi Arabia and we look forward to embarking on major projects with them in the kingdom and elsewhere.” Private sector growth picks up pace Firms in a diverse range of industries are embracing the aims of Vision 2030 One of the core ingredients of the kingdom’s long-term strategic development plan is the rapidly-expanding private sector. As His Excellency Mohammed Al-Jadaan, Minister of Finance, said at the 2020 Annual Budget launch: “The government continues its steadfast commitment to empowering the private sector’s role in the economy, job creation and diversification of investment under the umbrella of Saudi Vision 2030 objectives.” The minister reiterated the 22 private sector support initiatives targeting strategic sectors are bearing fruit as underlined by second quarter economic indicators. “We have adopted economic policies that target the growth of non-oil GDP improving the quality of services for our citizens, and raising the efficiency and effectiveness of government spending, especially social spending.” Such progress and pledges are music to the ears of firms like Kingdom Holding Company (KHC), a diversified group with interests in hospitality, media, healthcare, aviation, petrochemicals, and real estate, among others. KHC is fully committed to making Vision 2030 a success—both from a commercial perspective and in bringing international best practice and investment opportunities to a wider cross-section of stakeholder interests. KHC consists of a select team of experienced investment specialists directed by its founder and chairman, Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal and CEO, Talal I. Almainan. In 2019, the company announced ambitious plans to invest more than $1 billion in the national market, with senior executives looking at potential openings in all sectors except finance and real estate, where KHC is already heavily invested. “We truly believe Saudi Arabia is one of the top countries to invest in, and once invested you shall be well rewarded,” Almainan states. “There is no doubt that Saudi opportunities are huge. We are here to stay; we are a Saudi company that was established in Saudi Arabia. All our senior management team members are Saudi, and we are very proud of that.” Founded just 25 years ago, University of Business and Technology (UBT) is a Jeddah-based private university catering to male and female students seeking undergraduate and graduate programs. With an alumni of 5,800, UBT is famous for its “Education for Job Opportunities” slogan. When it comes to the employability of graduates, UBT is among the national leaders with 78 percent of its graduates employed within six months of graduation. “Universities can prepare students for the jobs of today, but for the jobs of the future, they have yet to catch up. At UBT, we are focusing on the future,” says UBT CEO, Mohanad A. Dahlan. “Vision 2030 will require many new jobs—jobs not yet available here. Universities have yet to produce qualified individuals that can lead new industries such as robotics, and cyber security.” Healthcare Sector in Excellent Shape Established in 1922 as the first pharmacy in Jeddah, Tamer Group is now one of the leading Healthcare Groups in the Kingdom, operating in the fields of pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, logistics services, and the distribution of FMCG and prestige products. To be the partner of choice, Tamer Group has sustained solid partnerships with leading healthcare organizations, local and international leaders. “We will continue to strengthen our leadership position through extending market reach, product portfolio enhancements and diversification of service offerings,” says Ayman M. Tamer, Chairman and Managing Partner. We support partners in achieving by providing them with an efficient, robust transactional platform, state-of-the-art operational infrastructure, a highly-skilled, professional team and the agility required to adopt customized solutions to run multiple business models”. Designated by Vision 2030 as “one of the most significant economic sectors” for the kingdom, the social and healthcare industry will receive a staggering $167 billion in cumulative government expenditure in 2020. Largely publicly financed, the healthcare sector has made major strides in the quality of its infrastructure and service provision, although 90 percent of all medical equipment and devices are imported. Now the largest pharmaceutical market in the region, Saudi Arabia has attracted substantial investment from industry giants like GSK. A subsidiary of industrial titan Saudi Chemical, AJA Pharmaceutical Industries produces a wide range of pharmaceutical products in various finished dosage forms for different therapeutic classes. “We aim to form collaborations to co-develop, co-manufacture, co-market and widely sell and distribute, carefully selected range of products, as well as licensed products with technology transfer relying on the huge capabilities, ability and technologies at our own plant,” affirms Mohammed Saud Albadar, the successful group’s Managing Director. The recent 2020 Budget Statement highlighted notable growth in various economic sectors during 2019, with that positive trend forecast to continue into 2020 and beyond. Progress towards the plethora of Vision 2030 goals is gathering speed, and the fusion of multiple strategic objectives for economic diversification with a stable economic framework and pro-business climate bodes very well for the kingdom’s future. Glitzy shopping malls ensure retailers ring up decent returns With large, modern and gleaming shopping malls springing up around the kingdom, the Saudi retail sector is forecast to repeat its recent double-digit annual percentage growth which has seen it become a major source of employment with more than 1.5 million workers. The largest franchise retailer in the region, Alhokair Fashion Retail has more than 1,750 stores that offer the latest designs from over 75 brands. “The Saudi customer is significantly more sophisticated than before. They know exactly what they want. They have international exposure, and they know the brands, which makes it interesting and more challenging for retailers,” states CEO, Marwan Moukarzel. “The malls here are impressive and better ones are coming. This is a welcome opportunity for retailers like us. We want to shift from being purely a fashion player, to more of a lifestyle player, so will take advantage of the opportunities ahead to transform this company into a lifestyle company.” The importance of the business sector for a sustainable future Chairman, the Riyadh Chamber of Commerce, Ajlan Bin Abdul Aziz Al Ajlan, believes that every stage of Vision 2030 is crucial What are the biggest challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in order to implement the Crown Prince’s Vision 2030 plan? Vision 2030 is an essential groundwork for diversifying sources of income, enhancing the investment environment, creating jobs, supporting national industry and assisting in the provision of logistics for private investment, related events and activities. In a study prepared by Riyadh Economic Forum, which Riyadh Chamber of Commerce regularly organizes, thirteen initiatives were developed to enhance the private sector’s ability to achieve Vision 2030’s goals. The same study pointed to eight key goals that are of paramount importance to the private sector. This transformation coincides with the development of many investment opportunities that open the way for the private sector to play a major and effective role in achieving Vision 2030’s goals. Through this relationship, it is clear how its goals are of paramount importance to the private sector. There are challenges facing the relaunch of the private sector in this respect but, through communication with the country’s leadership and other government agencies we strive together to find solutions to these challenges. We have come a long way, as most of these challenges are administrative and organizational, which makes finding solutions an easy job. “We have a strong national will to bring a shift in the economic structure of the kingdom from a mono-active economy to a modern economy based on technology and knowledge. Moreover, the Saudi economy has many comparative advantages, including economic stability, low-cost energy, and factors relating to an economic openness and investment-attracting climate. This kingdom has numerous technological and information entities, a young human-resources base that is supporting the effort to turn Saudi Arabia into a knowledge-based economy. In addition, government spending on ICT projects has increased, e-government transactions have been upgraded, and household and private spending on the sector’s products is growing.” What sectors offer the best opportunities for investment, trade and cooperation for foreign investors? Today, all the economic sectors in the kingdom offer numerous promising opportunities. The Saudi market has become the focus of attention of many companies willing to take advantage of the promising investment opportunities in many sectors including energy, health, education, industry, agriculture and others. Most world economic reports talk about Saudi Arabia’s progress in global competitiveness. This is an important indicator of successful economic policies and business environment with improving strategies in place, which confirms the feasibility of the economic reforms performed in light of Vision 2030. Saudi Arabia is witnessing constructive mobilization in promoting its business environment and opening new prospects for investment. In this respect, the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority has revealed that 267 new foreign investment projects were granted licenses to start business in the first quarter of 2019, with an average of around four licenses a day. This demonstrates the successful draw of high-quality and high-value foreign investments and the growing success of the investment opportunities in the international and local levels, as well as the successful economic reforms package the kingdom has achieved. How do you stand on the role of the private sector in turning Saudi Arabia into a knowledge-based economy? As one of the country’s business pioneers, tell us your opinion about the Crown Prince’s Vision 2030 for national transformation? Vision 2030 is now a reality. It is not just a concept; it is happening as we speak. There are milestone targets from now until 2030 and these milestones are assessed yearly. If there is a hindrance or a bottleneck for 2030, it will be reviewed and altered. Money is being pumped into the economy, and the economy is going to flourish but we need to be patient. We, as businessmen, have reaped considerable benefits over the years, and now is the time to pay back to our country. Al Jed Medical & Trading Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of El Ajou & Sons Holding Co., has been around for more than 50 years and I am proud to say that Al Jed is now one of the top three players in its industry and domain. In 2017, you established a partnership with the Japanese imaging and electronics company Ricoh. How has that developed? The brand is taking off in a great way here and is being received very well. Ricoh’s quality product portfolio combined with our local reach and expertise is proving to be a winning formula in the Saudi market. El Ajou and Ricoh have a lot to offer our loyal and respected customers from our cost-efficient managed print-services solutions to our state-of-the-art Ricoh production line. What are your plans for the next 20 years? As a highly diversified company, are you open to entering completely new industries? We have many plans for the next 20 years. Our main focuses are office automation through El Ajou Trading, medical equipment through Al Jed Medical, investments and real estate. We are also always on the lookout for new market trends and opportunities. We just started a project management office which will take care of new areas of business development. We are looking at tourism and culture, as well as opportunities that are both related and not related to us. It could be a medical factory or something else such as bringing a franchise into the kingdom. We are also looking at the consumer domain industry. We want to tap into new revenue streams. The health sector in Saudi Arabia is growing by 12 percent year-on-year and the Crown Prince is investing $70 billion in healthcare as one of the pillars of Vision 2030. Your business is well positioned to benefit from this investment. What are your thoughts? There are two sectors that are perpetually needed—food and health. Regardless of the economy, those sectors will only grow. Coupled with our growing population, the growth potential in these two sectors is significant. A third that does not cease to grow is education—for example, 13 new universities are set to open in Saudi. Our very own Integrated Business Solutions strategic business unit is very much engaged in this sector. Are you bullish about the Saudi economy? Certainly. We just need to study 40 opportunities and filter them in order to pick out three or four from which to get the most lucrative outcome. Saudi Arabia has strong geopolitical will. We are a highly secure country; our crime levels are one of the lowest in the world. Our security system is very efficient—it is preemptive and proactive at the same time. The business environment is friendly and growing fast in many sectors. For example, entertainment is going to be a very strong industry. There are mega projects being developed. The market size in the coming ten years is going to grow and many multinational companies are putting their trust in Saudi Arabia. We are a part of the G20 and we are one of the world’s biggest economies. We are trying to tell the world that we have good opportunities in Saudi Arabia, in all sectors. Our geographical location is also very good. And so everything is well synchronized. We are a united leadership by running the kingdom, and this is what the Crown Prince has delivered. He has created a clear vision and he is leading the country in the right direction. Saudi’s third-biggest bank is a pioneer in new banking services CEO, Samba Financial Group, Rania M. Nashar, on collaborations, life after mergers and Saudi stoicism What are the biggest challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in order to achieve the kingdom’s goals? When you look at this country, it might just look like desert but we bet on our resources. The Saudi citizen has always had a special inner strength: we are able to make the best of what we have. I believe this is what the Crown Prince and the nation’s leadership bet on when they said that the sky is our limit. I compare our nation’s journey to being on a racetrack, tensely waiting for the light to turn green; when it finally does, we run with everything we’ve got and in one direction, towards one vision, and a shared future. What I like about Vision 2030—and I don’t see this in a lot of other countries—is that the government and the ministries have key performance indicators. Leaders are being appraised based on their performances, as if they were company CEOs. Now the country’s public sector is growing at a faster rate than the private sector, which is really challenging for us. When we look at e-government and what the government is able to offer electronically to citizens, it even beats what the banks are currently offering. People are changing how they see itself but not so much because we are reaching out trying to prove to the world we are different now. No, we are simply adapting to change as the new reality, and the best way forward. New technologies have turned the conventional banking sector on its head. Tell us how Samba is adapting. We are propagators of different technologies. We welcome innovation and collaborations with other entities, including our regulator. It is no coincidence that the financial services industry is known as a significant talent pool. If you look at the cabinet, most high-ranking government officials come from the banking sector. Samba has a reputation for its firsts. The first ATM, the first fully fledged online straight-through processing solution and the first local broker system in the country were ours. We are now shifting to a new era because millennials are going to be our future customers; they will account for 70 percent of our customers in the coming five to six years. I always say that they should be able to get a transaction should be one click away, just like Uber. We are interested in adding those new technologies that will both help create new revenue streams to reach operational efficiency and also give each customer a more personalized experience. Soon, fintech is meant to disrupt the classic banking industry, however the way we see it is that it is more of a collaboration. As banks, we provide the trust, while others provide the innovation. We will fully embrace fintech and encourage collaborations. How is the financial services sector contributing to the implementation of Vision 2030? The financial sector is one of the main contributors in terms of enhancing public-private partnerships, which are one of the goals of the vision. Banks are now becoming more innovative and creative, tapping into sectors that were previously thought ‘unbankable’. They are creating solutions by working hand-in-hand with the government and the achievements are significant. For instance, banks have partnered with the Real Estate Development Fund and the Ministry of Housing, so that in the span of a year more than 1,000 loans have been approved. Banks are also working more in the space of entrepreneurs. A very exciting decade for Saudi Arabia lying ahead CEO, National Commercial Bank, Faisal O. Al Saggaf, explains their aspiration to become the leading bank in multiple aspects What are the biggest challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in order to achieve the kingdom’s goals? Vision 2030 reflects the aspiration of the vast majority of the Saudi population. The population has experienced tremendous change on the social front, and this is very positive and energizing, addressing a lot of the challenges. Most transformation programs are making solid progress, with the Fiscal Balance Housing Programs seeing very strong traction. I would also highlight the Financial Sector Development Program, which is well ahead of all of its key performance indicators. We experienced growth throughout 2019 and believe this growth will continue and accelerate over the next couple of years. The opportunity is significant for the private sector, as well as local and foreign investment. This is applicable to some well-established sectors of the economy such as energy, mining, manufacturing, logistics, education, healthcare and housing. I expect emerging sectors such as tourism, entertainment and hospitality to also experience significant growth. Could you share the reasons behind your recent growth and do you think it can be sustainable? We have achieved this robust profitability through growth in operating income, primarily for the domestic banking franchise. We are growing the financing book along with prudent management of asset quality and diligent cost-control management. We are optimistic that our growth is sustainable in line with the current economic situation. We see growth in all sectors of the economy. We see that there will be quite a lot of investment and that will encourage economic activity, which will then trickle down. What is the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for NCB and what are some of your favorite initiatives? Our approach to CSR has evolved significantly over the years and goes way beyond offering charitable donations. We took the initiative to design bespoke NCB programs that empower communities. Our entrepreneurship program supports entrepreneurs by giving them access to more sources of financing and partnership with the Monshaar authority for small- and medium-sized businesses. In this area, we launched the kingdom’s first fintech accelerator. In addition, we now have a very effective volunteer program, where employees provide pro-bono advice to groups in the areas that they specialize in. NCB evaluates its CSR programs yearly and makes the necessary adjustments and developments to ensure that they remain effective, and revisits its CSR strategy every five years to ensure that it meets society’s needs and is aligned with the national agenda and NCB’s strategy. How is National Commercial Bank (NCB) adapting into this new landscape and investing in technology? Technology and the internet go hand-in-hand in the banking sector. As the internet and fintech become more prevalent, banks have been quick to embrace it so that they can provide people with seamless access and ease of use for everyday transactions. Banks have been swift in adopting new technologies to compete effectively and offer solutions expected by a young and tech-savvy population. We recently expanded our digital banking platform by introducing self-service kiosks and a fully digitized and paperless account opening solution. What are your thoughts on Saudi Arabia as a potential financial hub in the Middle East? Saudi Arabia is the natural financial hub in the region. It is the largest economy in the Middle East, a member of the G20 and a strong regional and international investor. We are going to see a lot of investment flows in and out. The reason why we have not emerged as the hub as of yet is because of matters that have not been addressed previously, in terms of legislation, reforms or the opening up of the economy. We have recently seen several measures introduced by the government to improve the regulatory framework and attract foreign investors, all of which will pave the way for further expansion and growth. This has all resulted in the inclusion of Saudi Arabia in MSCI Emerging Markets Index, in addition to the current, potentially biggest listing in the world with Aramco’s initial public offering. In 2019, NCB had more than 400 branches Kingdom-wide, employing more than 15,000 people Samba is the 3rd-largest bank in Saudi 2018’s record profits were SAR5.5 billion 70% of Samba’s customers will be millennials in 5 years “We see that there will be quite a lot of investment and that will encourage economic activity, which will then trickle down.” Faisal O. Al Saggaf, CEO, National Commercial Bank Fired by local talent, a bank looks to spread its market share Managing Director and CEO, Banque Saudi Fransi, Rayan Fayeze, on the transition to retail banking and a cashless society Traditionally Banque Saudi Fransi (BSF) has focused on corporate banking, which hasn’t seen huge growth in recent years. Can you tell us your plans to diversify into other sectors like retail banking? It is true that a large part of our business is corporate banking and that it is a segment that has seen limited growth over the last three years. If the market grows then we grow as well but if the market is stagnant then we just see it as a part of the legacy business that we are in. However, during the last couple of years, we have put a stronger focus on our retail market share, which has grown. The growth that we have exhibited in both personal loans and mortgages has allowed us to pick up market share, especially in mortgages where historically we were the smallest bank to offer them. There are a lot of fintech companies impacting the digital space. How is BSF adapting in this new landscape and investing in technology? Do you consider investing in technology a way of reaching a younger demographic, particularly in retail? We have one of the best mobile app digital offerings for our retail clients. Presently, we are one of the very few banks where you can seamlessly open an account online without having to visit any branch. What we offer that is unique from other banks is that, during the account opening process, you can instantaneously fund your account and immediately get a virtual debit card, so you don’t have to wait for your physical debit card to be ready. Indeed, there are a couple of features in that process that are exclusive to us. However, I would not say because it is particularly complicated; it is just that we were the first to do it. I am sure others will catch up. A big part of our Finance Sector Development Program is about promoting a cashless society. It’s not about becoming truly cashless but reducing the amount of cash in the system. There are a lot of initiatives, ranging from encouraging more people to use Apple Pay, to increasing the number of point-of-sale machines out there. They all contribute to the penetration of cards and the elimination of cash. Also, the youth of today don’t want to go to a branch. Obviously we still need to make the branch experience fun but I also think that we have to consider that, at present, 90 percent of our transactions happen online. As a bank, we have young, energetic local talent that is on a par if not better than those of our peers from around the world. And I think that having the confidence and the ability to tell the story of transforming the bank through local talent is something that I feel strongly about leaving behind as part of my legacy. Recent M&A activity gives us a laserbeam focus on delivering what we have planned over the next 2 to 3 years: improving our customer experience and picking up market share. Rayan Fayeze, Managing Director and CEO, Banque Saudi Fransi No sector too daunting for one of Saudi’s most multi-talented banks CEO and Managing Director, Bank Aljazira, Nabil Al Hoshan, on awards, subsidiaries and keeping an open mind about the future Your bank has won numerous awards, including ones for its customer contact centers, Islamic banking services and corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. Tell us more about these awards. We are a fully Sharia-compliant bank and we continue to develop new Islamic products and services day after day. I believe that Bank Aljazira (BAJ) provides the best service through its call centers. During the recent Contact Center World Awards, our Aljazira Phone service bagged the gold medal for best customer service, and silver medals for best contact center and best contact center manager in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. We competed with big companies from around the world in different sectors including telecoms, insurance, automotive and banking. We strive to offer the best service and we monitor that by the minute. We assess how many minutes customers wait on the line and how long it takes us to resolve their concern. After the call, we call customers back to verify if they were happy with the service and to analyze the entire experience so that we can make improvements. The bank is known for promoting financial education among young Saudis. Can you elaborate on this and on CSR in general? Yes, our focus in this area is not just to donate money. We want to help young people build new businesses for the future. We have various programs and grants aimed toward empowering these young people to generate new ideas. After they win a grant, we help them establish their business in the market in a direct way. We have plenty of success stories. We do CSR projects in partnership with many institutions, city governments and other organizations. One CSR project that we are particularly passionate about is our participation in the support of the financial rights of individuals. Every year during the holy month of Ramadan, we donate money to one of the cities in Saudi Arabia in support of individuals with financial rights cases, to help their families and so they can spend the month of Ramadan with them. Another very significant CSR program is the sponsorship of productive families. We have spent millions supporting this segment throughout the kingdom, and the Minister of Labor and Social Affairs has shown his appreciation of this initiative. Do you think we will see BAJ moving outside of the kingdom in the short term? It is one possible strategy and we are seriously considering any opportunity for us to expand outside the region. However, these days most movement concerns banks coming into our region instead of banks going outside it. But in the interest of helping our customers and in a bid to give good service, we will probably become available outside the kingdom. If an opportunity arises, then why not? We have been amazed at the number of people who have wanted to carry out their transactions with our online banking service. Given this fact, our new strategy is not to invest in branches so much, but rather more on online and digital banking. However, the exception would be those areas or countries in which we do not currently have a presence. Under BAJ, there is also Aljazira Capital, Aman Insurance Agency Company, Aman Development and Real Estate Investment Company and Aljazira Securities. You are a very diversified group. How do you view your subsidiaries and are there any plans for more? Aljazira Capital is owned 100 percent by BAJ. It is our arm in the financial market. Aljazira Capital not only deals with the brokerage share business but also gets involved in advisory matters. We have established a new team for advising family businesses to assist them in listing their company on the Tadawul stock exchange (the Tasi index). Our investment division is also ranked among the top three in terms of returns and we are focusing on building that business to go forward. Other subsidiaries that belong to BAJ are the Aman Development and Real Estate Investment Company, which deals with real estate collateral and mortgages, and Aljazira Takaful Insurance Company, which is an affiliate that is 35 percent held by BAJ and a listed company. In 2006, over 90% of BAJ’s profit came from local brokerage businesses. Today, under 5% does. The bank’s Q1 2019 results reflected 70% growth 50% of the kingdom’s population are under 30 years old Unfazed by the merger culture, organic growth is one bank’s priority CEO, Al Rajhi Bank, Steve Bertamini, talks about digital, global ambitions and government support How is Al Rajhi Bank contributing to the implementation of Vision 2030? Vision 2030 has opened up many opportunities as banks play a critical role in enabling transformation. One of the areas we have paid particular attention to is supporting the country’s goal of increasing home ownership for Saudi citizens from 47 percent in 2018 to 70 percent by 2030. For us, being the biggest retail bank in the country, this features very prominently in our strategy. We have worked very closely with both the Ministry of Housing and the real estate sector. Another area of growth we have seen over the last nine months is in structured finance as there has been a material increase in the number of large projects being initiated and awarded. Our bank has been outperforming the industry now for quite some time. What has truly helped us is a very clear strategic focus on what we call our “ABCDE” strategy. Being focused on serving our customers, having the best digital experience and focusing our growth on strategic sectors aligned with the country’s 2030 Vision have all served us well. Al Rajhi Bank reported a net profit of 8 billion riyal for the year-to-date Q5 2019, which represents an 9.5 percent increase on the same period in 2018. We are confident we can sustain growth levels above the industry in the coming years. “We have over 5.1 million active users of our app, Al Mubasher—up over 40 percent from last year. It is the most highly rated, most downloaded banking app in the country.” Steve Bertamini, CEO, Al Rajhi Bank Is a merger or acquisition on the horizon for Al Rajhi Bank, or are you satisfied with your current market position? While there is always excitement around mergers, the reality is that in the first 18-24 months there is much more focus on internal processes and rationalization than external growth opportunities. For us, certainly in the short term, the current flurry of mergers and acquisitions in the kingdom represents an opportunity for us to grow our market share and customer base. But our strategy remains focused on organic growth. We believe that being well-capitalized and focused on organic growth has resulted in both sustained growth and outperformance relative to our competition. While Saudi Arabia is already considered a financial hub in the Gulf region, do you think there is potential for it to become a global financial hub, especially considering that it is opening up to more foreign investment? Given Saudi Arabia is the largest market in the Middle East in terms of GDP and stock market capitalization, yes, there is a significant role to be played. Substantial work has already taken place in terms of laying down the foundation for this to occur, such as the inclusion of Saudi Arabia in the emerging market indices, the passing of a new bankruptcy law and the establishment of a regulatory sandbox for fintech. Visas can now be obtained upon arrival too and we have increased the percentage that foreigners can own in listed companies to 49 percent, as well as allowing foreign companies to list locally. Saudiis are very tech savvy; they are active users of social media and confident doing online transactions and e-commerce. Tell us how Al Rajhi Bank is investing in technology. We have over 5.1 million active users of our app, Al Mubasher—up over 40 percent from last year. It is the most highly rated, most downloaded application of all time in terms of banking in the country. We are constantly upgrading and updating it to enhance the customer experience. Aside from this, we have been making significant investments in our back office. We are one of the largest users of robotics in the Middle East. Currently, we are running about 254 bots (algorithms), doing up to 24,000 transactions per day and working in 50 different processes. Also, we are the first bank in the country to conduct blockchain transactions and we are roughly 85 percent application programming-interface enabled, which allows us to have a more flexible IT architecture. You can use ApplePay to send money, keystroke to move money using your Android device via WhatsApp. In our bank’s investment in our ABCDE strategy, “D” stands for digital leadership. It’s a core part of what we do. Openness to different sectors and countries will improve national profile General Director, Hisham Bin Abdulaziz Almousa Investment Group, Hisham Almousa, confirms real estate still rules Hisham Bin Abdulaziz Almousa Investment Group (HBAA) is one of Saudi Arabia’s most distinguished companies and it operates across a diverse range of industries. Can you provide us with an overview of its activities and define what you would consider are its main pillars? The group is an extension of a family inherited company in operation for over 60 years. At the beginning, my investments were limited to real estate, which then became more complicated and competitive. It is still the largest sector among our investments. A combination of expertise is needed in the real estate sector and it is the common link between all other investments which, in one way or another, come to depend upon it. According to the Ministry of Housing, there were more than 3,000 housing and financing options allocated during 2018, while according to the Ministry of Justice, all real estate projects implemented during 2018 represent the equivalent of $40 billion. Our other investments span the health sector, retail, food and beverage, commercial aviation, hospitality, finance, technology, human resources and management development. Transformation is ongoing in a big way in Saudi Arabia and it has presented plenty of growth opportunities. Given its diversity, your company is strategically positioned to reap the benefits. Where do you see your company in 10 years’ time? The goal is to continue the good work and active participation of development in our group. We also want to improve and expand the scope of our business by developing our existing projects; this way we will grow our assets and achieve expansion plans to invest into new sectors. Ultimately, we seek a sustainable and solid business with continuous financial flow. What is your opinion on fintech and the impact it will have on the future of your business? Fintech is not just technology but a form of lifestyle surrounding how we manage our money. In my opinion, fintech should not merely be an option—it is the rule because it is necessary to us. From my investment experience in a fintech company (FvStat.com), I have seen the fast growth of joining the portal. Investors come and share their account wallets with the public in order to show and communicate with other investors. The government is digitizing fintech; an indication of its importance. Are you looking for new partners? Yes. Over 50 percent of our investments are from partnerships with international companies. We welcome working with partners both local and from overseas, and look forward to embarking on major projects in and outside the country. The government supports housing, energy, industry and health in particular. There is great potential for investment, and Saudi Arabia now has the openness to see the culture of other countries and utilize its resources in line with the government’s direction and the community’s desire. Investing as equally in technology as in the attitude of employees CEO, Bank Albilad, Abdulaziz M. Alonaizan, on investing in people, technology and internationalization Can Bank AlBilad’s exponential growth be attributed directly to its online initiatives? Firstly, we brought in talent—experienced people—and that was the strategy to drive both the retail and Enjaz business of the bank. We declared 2019 the year of engagement. We nurture our employees by providing coaching, training and development opportunities, in addition to a positive work environment. This way, they are better able to give their utmost when it comes to taking care of our customers. We have established social media channels to better interact with our customers and to get feedback. We keep a close watch on our people’s key performance indicators too. Today, we have over a million followers on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn. That wasn’t the case two years ago. Technology is a big factor but I would say it’s not that alone. It’s a combination. What sets Bank AlBilad apart? Why should foreign companies bank with you over and above the many others? We are the frontrunners in the insurance business and we have a presence in more countries. Even in terms of market share, we are number one because we provide a variety of service, have good technology and have an international presence. Secondly, we have a deep knowledge of managing international business. I think it’s important for foreign companies who want to do business in Saudi Arabia to link up with people who have experience, a deep understanding of international markets and know-how of business operations. Clients need advice sometimes. The third factor is technology. If you look at our bottom line, you will see that our expenses have risen. This is because we are investing in good-quality people, in technology and in infrastructure. “If you look at our bottom line, you will see that our expenses have risen. This is because we are investing in good quality people, in technology and in infrastructure.” Abdulaziz M. Alonaizan, CEO, Bank AlBilad How important is corporate social responsibility (CSR) to the bank and what are some of your favorite initiatives? We have been doing CSR activities for a long time now and were among the first banks here to do so. We have fully developed strategies, from having established the department to the necessary processes. For the past two years we have focused on environmental issues, sustainability and the needs of people with disabilities. We introduce around 10 to 12 initiatives a year, such as the cleaning of the Red Sea. This part of Jeddah was categorized or described internationally as a dead area because of all the waste that had accumulated there. Our team released an internal announcement asking for volunteers and we were surprised to learn that we had a lot of divers in the bank! We ran this program for around six months every Saturday. By the end of the program, we had collected around 3,000 kilos of rubbish. It is important for the company to provide employees with these kinds of outreach activities to participate in. What is the bank’s growth strategy moving forward? Today, we want to focus more on innovation, the development of solutions and improving our digital services. We want to increase the use of our channels by our customers even while they are at home. We were the first bank to launch digi-accounts, an onboarding service that enables customers to open an account online without having to physically go into the bank. Customers receive their card through the mail and within three days they can carry out transactions—all without having to physically step inside a bank branch. The bank’s digital transformation is our most significant investment. We invest a lot in technology but, at the same time, in the people behind it. Communication and the ability to listen to people are important to me. Nobody can succeed alone. Listening to people is paramount. I try to visit all branches regularly. I make a point of sitting with staff to find out their concerns. It is important to be able to identify the people who really want to succeed. I also have an open-door policy, meaning there are no hidden agendas. If somebody is not doing well, they will know about it. The other thing is that I encourage people to make their own decisions. If they make a mistake, it is just a mistake. If they do well, then it is because of the decision they made. I believe in empowerment. If you want somebody to grow, you must empower them. Offering the perfect environment for companies to excel CEO, Kingdom Holding Co., Talal I. Almainaim, provides a thorough overview of the country’s vision going forward You are one of the captains of industry and one of the most prominent business leaders in Saudi Arabia. In your view, what has been the impact of Vision 2030? I believe Vision 2030 is a huge leap into the future for the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. I think that the Vision itself is a country, human and economically oriented plan. This is a plan guided by the will of our leadership. The main question to us, as Saudi citizens, is how well can we execute it. I am very happy that we have the Crown Prince. He is a young, intelligent, eager and powerful leader for all of us. We have finalized the required funding with local and international banks, and are awaiting the right opportunities for investments. Kingdom Holding Co. is here to stay; we are a Saudi company that was established in Saudi Arabia. All our senior personnel are Saudi and we are very proud of that. “We must nurture an environment that would cater to the best brains of the world, where they will feel welcome and at home.” Talal I. Almainaim, CEO, Kingdom Holding Company Can you give us an insight into what sectors or what companies you are considering investing in? Once we have a list of companies that have passed the filter set by our investment committee, we look at our entry point. At that time, the company we are looking at must be generating income and have a strong management team with a track record in the sector we are looking at. We are looking at all sectors with exception to finance and real estate because we are heavily invested already in both. Prince Waleed has been invested in the entertainment business for a long time, but the kingdom itself will be considering the entertainment sector from a different prospective. As a company that used to invest primarily in multinational companies, what are some of the difficulties that come with changing your focus? The true application of solid corporate governance is difficult. We need to get to know this and how to properly implement it. As a listed company, investing in companies that apply adequate corporate governance is imperative for us. What technological areas do you think will have the most impact on society over the coming years? We will pursue investing in artificial intelligence among other technologies. When companies and people started to look into investing in technology, we were already invested in Twitter. I think Saudis are one of the top users of technology and I hope soon we will become developers of technology not only users of it. When do you think we will see the next ‘unicorns’ startups coming from Saudi Arabia? I think it is important that Saudi Arabia tries to produce the next unicorn. All we need is the support which has already started. We must nurture an environment that would cater to the best brains of the world, where they will feel welcomed and at home. We have the resources, people and the support of our leadership. When do you expect Kingdom Holding’s Jeddah Tower to be completed? We were hoping to have continued already with the construction but the contractor faced some technical and financial issues that we are working out. We are finalizing the right plans to take us all the way to completion. The message behind building such a magnificent building is that Saudi Arabia is the country of wonders, where more than a billion Muslims pray daily toward Mecca. Jeddah Tower is a monument of the great change taking place in Saudi Arabia. How are you helping encourage more confidence in the international business community to invest here? Saudi Arabia has started working on all the areas that will make it the place and country of choice. We truly believe Saudi Arabia is one of the top countries in the world to invest in and, once invested, you will see the results. There are huge opportunities in healthcare, education, infrastructure and technology. I encourage all investors—local, regional, and international—to consider investing in Saudi Arabia. The university that the kingdom’s employers trust above all others CEO, UBT, Mohanad A. Dahlan, discusses the university’s monumental growth and exacting standards for specialist training Sports management, entertainment management, robotics and cybersecurity are new subjects you plan to offer. Is the University of Business and Technology (UBT) a pioneer in the kingdom? Universities are able to prepare students for the jobs of today, but I believe that for the jobs of the future, universities have yet to catch up. We at UBT are focusing on the future. “Education for job opportunities” has been our slogan since 2000. We have over 6,000 graduates in the workforce—a big number compared with other universities. In line with our slogan, we fill the gap between the market needs of tomorrow and what we can provide in terms of programs. In order for me to better invest in robotics, cybersecurity, entertainment and artificial intelligence, I need more flexibility from the Ministry of Education. The legacy that I would like to leave, however, is to help grow UBT into six campuses. It used to be two. We have introduced language programs, vocational programs and we are the pioneers in executive education also. We train over 1,200 people abroad, in five different countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Sudan, and in various cities in Saudi; of course. I never thought that there would be the interest in doing this but, by introducing courses abroad at very fair value for money, we came to realize that demand was high. UBT graduates are considered highly prepared and ready to hit the ground running once they graduate. Do you find that a lot of big-name companies are actively recruiting your graduates? The human-resources managers and recruiters of most of these big-name companies are actually our graduates. They are looking for their peers, for fellow alumni. In the past, it was more difficult to bridge ourselves with industries. We didn’t have a name for ourselves, we didn’t have a legacy and we didn’t have a track record to speak of. But now things have come full circle and our graduates are looking for us to place. For every academic department, we have an 18 of them, there is an advisory board. That advisory board encompasses the industry it belongs to. It includes leaders such as CEOs, Chief Technical Officers, human capital, as well as representatives from different departments. These individuals guide and advise us on what our graduates need to know, what level of language proficiency they should have and so on. Disconnection with the industry means failure in our mission, while a strong connection translates as success. UBT’s employment rate is considered one of the highest in the kingdom and 78 percent of our graduates are employed within six months of graduation. We really hope that the other 42 universities and colleges in the country will be able to follow the slogan “education for job opportunities” because it is better to ensure that graduates are gainfully employed rather contributing to unemployment. Unemployment is a big problem, a huge issue. “Disconnection with the industry means failure in our mission, while a strong connection translates as success.” CEO, UBT, Mohanad A. Dahlan A fashion retailer that has become interested in the customer’s journey CEO, Alhokair Fashion Retail, Marwan Moukarzel, discusses how the company is embracing lifestyle and digitalization trends Women have recently been allowed to drive in the country, and more of them are beginning to enter the workforce. With the increasing purchasing power of young Saudis, what is your opinion on the demand for global products and brands? Also, having more than 75% of the world’s leading brands under your belt, what is your take on this trend? The penetration of social media and digital technology is shaping the world and Saudi in particular, given the young generation here. Ours is a young population. They are very much into social media platforms such as Instagram and Twitter. They are also exposed and knowledgeable and the Saudi customer now is significantly more sophisticated. They know exactly what they want. They have international exposure and they know the brands, which makes it interesting and more challenging for retailers. Today, I believe you need to bring in the brand and the experience around it because the customers are after the experience. The macroeconomic changes foster a positive environment in the market and there are opportunities that should be grasped by retailers like us. For instance, there are some brands that have yet to enter our market. Dubai is said to be the most penetrated market in the world when it comes to international brands, but there is still an opportunity for brands to come to Saudi. The game for us is the online game, the e-commerce game. There are enormous amounts of trade coming online to the market and this is where we need to capture the upside, as we try to complement the offline with the online experience. “We have a long way to go but I am glad to say that the journey has begun. In the last eight months we have invested in a new enterprise resource planning solution, which we partnered with Oracle on. We have invested some $10 million in upgrading our digital platforms, our reporting platforms, and in preparation for the growth that is coming. In parallel, we have started the digital journey with Zara. By September, we will launch other Inditex brands—Maximo Dutti and Zara Home—online. At the same time, we are going to look at bringing the online platforms of the other brands that we represent into the market. I am glad to say that with the new tools that we have now and the stores that we are renovating, we are going to see more digital interaction and digital platforms inside the store. We are trying to elevate the experience of customers by providing them with an omnichannel experience. Overall, we are repositioning and I believe this is what all retailers should be doing today. How? We look at every store individually. If it generates value, we keep it; if it does not, we are not attached to it. Some malls that were great twenty years ago will not necessarily meet future expectations. Today, if you look at world leaders in retail like Inditex, which is our largest business partner, they are doing things with less. They are going for more iconic stores, with customer experience as the key.” The Saudi partner of choice for healthcare companies Chairman and Managing Partner, Tamer Group, Ayman M. Tamer, suggests that people should not hesitate investing in Saudi Arabia How do you assess the current state of the healthcare industry? Currently, the healthcare industry in Saudi Arabia is undergoing a transformation. Our healthcare system has benefited from substantive investment in recent decades. We are determined to optimize and better utilize the capacity of our hospitals and healthcare centers, enhancing the quality of our preventive and therapeutic healthcare services. The public sector will focus on promoting preventive care, on reducing infectious diseases and in encouraging citizens to make use of primary care as a first step. The public sector will focus on its planning, regulatory and supervisory roles in healthcare. We will work toward developing private medical insurance to improve access to medical services and reduce waiting times for appointments with specialists and consultants. What have been the key factors that explain Tamer Group’s success? The key factor in the success has been building the talent in the organization. All senior management here are engaged in developing people, tools, processes and investing in the organization to improve the quality of service and the experience of everyone. Tamer Group has in its core values integrity, commitment, collaboration, respect, diversity and, but not least, passion to learn. Our people are our most valuable asset and have always been the key to our success. At Tamer, we have a keen interest in hiring the right talents who will integrate well with our culture, embrace our growth strategy and are motivated to add value to the business. We present them with excellent opportunities to learn from industry experts and invest in building their capabilities, in order to realize their true potential. Could you comment on the company’s diversification and expansion plans? I think all areas in fast-moving consumer goods will witness steady growth, especially those linked to the ecommerce platform. We are aiming to reach more millennials, gaining their loyalty from the beginning, through multiple products. We want them to acquire enough knowledge to help them excel in the business. We are heavily focusing on group activities, including loyalty and incentive programs. Influencers and social media hold a critical position in this effort, accompanied by many events, training sessions and the necessary infrastructure. In addition, Tamer Group is targeting food and beverages, organic food and healthy snacks, as well as a female product range. Tamer Group serves many of the world’s leading companies through various agreements, partnerships and joint ventures. Why is Tamer Group the partner of choice for brands, companies and investors coming into Saudi Arabia? At Tamer Group we have our mission to be the ‘partner of choice’ in attracting and sustaining business with leading healthcare organizations. We continue to strengthen our leadership position in the Saudi healthcare market through extending market reach, product portfolio enhancements and diversification of service offerings. We support partners in achieving their goals by providing them with a robust transactional platform, state-of-the-art operational infrastructure, a highly skilled team and the agility required to adopt customized solutions to run multiple business models. What initiatives do you feel most proud of? I am pleased with the initiatives we are undertaking, especially with the programs focused on the underprivileged, female empowerment and workplace wellness. Tamer is a partner in the Table For Two initiative. In our world of seven billion people, one billion suffer from undernutrition, while another billion suffer from obesity. This initiative rights this imbalance by simultaneously addressing the two opposing problems through a unique program. What would be your vision for Tamer Group over the next five years? Tamer Group is undergoing positive changes to cope with all the transformations in Saudi Arabia. We expect a new landscape filled with better healthcare, better facilities in the country, large investment opportunities and better wellbeing for both Saudi and foreign investors. A company with a higher purpose for humanity Managing Director, Saudi Chemical Company, Mohammed Saud Albader, invests heavily on a solid strategy and efficient execution What changes have you seen since Vision 2030 was implemented and what benefits have you seen for the Kingdom? We must create new industries for Saudi Arabia to have additional sources of income and take full advantage of its location as a central place that connects Asia, Africa and Europe. There are lots of opportunities that can be taken advantage of to create new industries in Saudi Arabia. Vision 2030 is putting things into action, as the new way forward for the kingdom. What has prompted diversification within your company and how has this benefitted the company? When I came into office, we started AJA Pharmaceutical Industries, which specializes in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Distribution is a limited activity but with pharmaceutical manufacturing we can reach the whole world. Since we have a good relationship with international pharmaceutical companies, it was easy for us to get into pharmaceutical manufacturing. We thought of starting a distribution fleet so that we could distribute non-pharmaceutical products that were sold in drug stores as well, like cosmetics and fast-moving consumer goods. Under the Saudi Chemical Company, we are also in the military explosives business. Saudi Chemical Company is a holding company and under that are five subsidiaries, with one of them being Saudi Chemical Company Limited. For the time being, AJA Pharma is still in its inception phase. It has not reached its breaking point yet. The pharmaceutical distribution is vertical, so it also brings in large income. In pharmaceutical distribution, we are looking closely at online sales and digital pharma. We know that the market dynamic is changing, so we are also adapting to this change. We have seen a big push for e-commerce and so we are taking a closer look at online sales. Online sales is an end-to-end business and we are preparing ourselves for this. In the years to come, where do you see the most growth potential? What are your growth plans? In Saudi Arabia and the region there are plenty of remarkable business opportunities. With AJA Pharma, we can cover the entire kingdom of Saudi Arabia or even the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. To establish ourselves, we first look for an agent in each country. How does AJA Pharma rate in terms of international standards? In the beginning, we did not have many products. We signed with international companies and we manufactured products for them. We have six of those international partners now, Novartis, Abbott, Roche, Gedeon Richter, Servier and Lundbeck. In order to manufacture for these international companies, we had to reach a very high standard. From the beginning, we aimed to establish our factory based on European and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. What is your outlook for the short term? When AJA Pharma started, we had three lines of product types: capsules, tablets and liquids. Now we have creams as well. We started production at secondary packaging and then we moved back into primary packaging. Once every line gets FDA approval, we will announce the production work and it will become operational. AJA Pharmaceutical Industries managed to increase their capital from $168 million to $225 million within a few years There are 8,600 pharmacies in Saudi Arabia Over 2019, the company grew its net profit by 11% quarter on quarter “In Saudi Arabia and the region there are plenty of remarkable business opportunities.” Mohammed Saud Albader Managing Director, Saudi Chemical Company Do you foresee AJA Pharma moving more toward becoming a developer of new drugs? Research and development is important for growth and business sustainability. With pharmaceuticals, we have signed some agreements with universities and we now have training and joint research. I see us developing our own pharmaceutical products in the near future.	f638a83e-4eaf-4976-9d53-143fe485f87d	CC-MAIN-2020-40	https://d.newsweek.com/en/file/459888/saudi-arabia-country-report-v3.pdf?utm_source=InternalPromo&utm_medium=Homepage&utm_campaign=SaudiArabia	2020-09-28T16:57:09+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-40/subset=warc/part-00277-50bb8e61-7c5b-4d2c-bd34-dad6ca92b697.c000.gz.parquet	300,068,513	15,357	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.982867	eng_Latn	0.99802	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 87, 4551, 11612, 17973, 24396, 32080, 40457, 48046, 55526, 64251, 70713, 79058 ]
Home Countries Masters Swimming Management Group (HCMSMG) Volunteer Administrator Role Description What is the HCMSWG? The group is responsible for running the British and International dimension of Masters Swimming, overseeing the British Masters Championships, records, rankings and the Decathlon Competition and any other aspects of Masters Swimming at this level. The group is comprised of a Chair person, a representative from each of the home countries; Swim England, Swim Scotland and Swim Wales, the records administrator, a liaison from the British Swimming Board, and a representative from Ligue Européenne de Natation (LEN) when appropriate. The group meets at least twice a year, at least once in person (usually in Manchester) and via video conferencing. Introduction The administrator will be responsible for the efficient coordination and administration of the group and will provide a central point of contact for information and communications. This position does not have voting rights. Overall: The administrator will provide a link between home country members and the group, and will report directly to the Chair. The types of duties will include: - Arrange meetings as necessary. - Be responsible for correspondence to and from the group. - Produce, circulate and publish the minutes of the group's meetings along with a record of decisions made. - Provide effective communication of the group's activities and decisions. - As directed by the Chair, be responsible for ensuring the group's business is progressed in a timely and effective manner. Specific Responsibilities: - Follow processes for the receipt and recording of correspondence addressed to the group - Work in partnerships with the Chair and the group members to ensure urgent matters are dealt with in a timely manner. - Produce a summary of correspondence and issues to be considered by the group - Record decisions made by the group and communicate the as directed by the chair. Skills and qualities required * Enthusiastic with a good knowledge of Masters and people within it. * Be an excellent communicator with good verbal, written and IT skills. * Have good administration skills, including word-processing and minute-taking. * Have excellent organisational skills. * Recognises the need for, and always maintains confidentiality. Level of commitment required Be able to prepare for and attend at least 2 x 4hr meetings per year. One of which is likely to be during the British Masters Championships. As well as ongoing support for the chair to ensure the group operates effectively. Term of office 4 year term but the person can reapply for the role for a maximum of 2 terms What you can expect from us An induction and ongoing support from a nominated team member from the Home country NGBs.	<urn:uuid:3c63fae9-2f9b-4fb7-a7b5-ad1ba11695f2>	CC-MAIN-2021-04	https://dc6a8y1hv5xxq.cloudfront.net/d21310595b0e2c74d9226567b2e8a830?response-content-disposition=attachment%3Bfilename%3D%22Home%20Countries%20Masters%20Swimming%20Managment%20Group%20volunteer%20administrator%20role.pdf%22&Expires=1611279618&Signature=K55Z4qKhVCdJImvNtsSIv06~1PWYp0ihkQgtWVRFuHC1fqWhIHlNiK7RH5nMz3ozgrs98io1K0BRZHX0b4ujFr550s0baO0~raOff522wCWWckh7WYZTGMg2Kp45IV7SCQJaY7VIWPRcpsYQ6fdOVeMuc28R9gpfJjIdPd1DX70ifLolH35ycW~bq0sqCAito0aNbvdsEjn3idSByLzWJyLfCZWe1sDxGT4omcamzbZd0pE3kOkI6RG28iYloK53Gjq4nMqV1Q4a5IV55NzH-f5kAp80ebveRf50Dg~quupE67F4Qz6CfEaaCZ4nnByuJLh8u2MZjO9FXQOqzO13Lg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAISHYQZLOHKRARIXQ	2021-01-22T00:40:19+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-04/subset=warc/part-00180-364a895c-5e5c-46bb-846e-75ec7de82b3b.c000.gz.parquet	285,007,590	528	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.997708	eng_Latn	0.99762	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1978, 2806 ]
## DGS SERIES FILTERED SHORT-WAVE ### SUBMITTAL DATA—ELECTRIC INFRARED SPACE HEATERS \| Qty. \| Model Number \| Volts \| Watts \| BTU \| Amps \| Typical Mounting Height¹ \| Approx. Coverage \| Approx. Watts per Square Foot \| Weight \| \|------\|--------------\|-------\|-------\|------\|------\|--------------------------\|-----------------\|-------------------------------\|--------\| \| \| DGS-Z1-A15 \| 120 \| 1,500 \| 5,118\| 12.5 \| 7 to 9 ft. \| 100 Sq. Ft. \| 15 \| 5.7 lbs (2.6 kg) \| \| \| DGS-Z1-C20 \| 230 \| 2,000 \| 6,824\| 8.7 \| 7 to 9 ft. \| 100 Sq. Ft. \| 20 \| 5.7 lbs (2.6 kg) \| ¹ Factory recommended mounting heights are listed as a guideline. If infrared heaters are mounted too low or too high, they may result in discomfort or lack of heat. \| Material Type \| Lamp Qty. \| Voltage Code \| Lamp Wattage Code \| Lamp Type (Color) \| \|---------------------\|-----------\|--------------\|-------------------\|-------------------\| \| Bronzed Extruded Aluminum \| 1 \| A = 120 VAC \| 15 = 1,500 \| Gold-Filtered Red \| \| \| \| C = 230 VAC \| 20 = 2,000 \| \| Available in 1,500 W or 2,000 W. HEATER CONSTRUCTION • Rustproof, extruded aluminum, bronze-colored body parts • IP55 water resistant for use in harsh conditions • High-end quality and compact, aesthetic design REFLECTORS • Custom designed parabolic reflector reflects 99% of rays directly towards target CONTROLS • Field supplied LAMP ELEMENTS • Gold-filtered red • Instant heat-up to 3,500°F in 2 seconds • Long lamp life and heat sensitivity MOUNTING • 0° to 45° mounting • Universal burning position operates in all installation angles for ultimate versatility ELECTRICAL SUPPLY • Voltages from 120 to 230 VAC • Single phase • 1,500 to 2,000 W APPROVALS • CE Certified for indoor and outdoor applications • Commercial/Industrial & Outdoor Residential Approval LIMITED WARRANTY • All components: 1-year Please contact the factory for further information on the terms and conditions. FIELD DATA DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION FRONT VIEW END VIEW \| MODEL NUMBER \| DIM A INCHES (mm) \| DIM B INCHES (mm) \| DIM C INCHES (mm) \| \|--------------\|------------------\|------------------\|------------------\| \| DGS-Z1-A15 \| 21.06 (536) \| 4.84 (123) \| 4.61 (117) \| \| DGS-Z1-C20 \| 21.06 (536) \| 4.84 (123) \| 4.61 (117) \| This dimension does not include the mounting bracket. The mounting bracket is 3.25" high on its vertical orientation. ## CLEARANCES TO COMBUSTIBLES (IN.) \| MODEL WATTAGE \| MOUNTING ANGLE \| FRONT \| BEHIND¹ \| END \| TOP \| BELOW \| \|---------------\|----------------\|-------\|---------\|-----\|-----\|-------\| \| 1,500 \| 0° \| 10 \| 10 \| 21 \| 3 \| 64 \| \| \| 45° \| 39 \| 3 \| 21 \| 3.5 \| 40 \| \| 2,000 \| 0° \| 10 \| 10 \| 21 \| 3 \| 64 \| \| \| 45° \| 39 \| 3 \| 21 \| 3.5 \| 40 \| A minimum clearance of 36 inches must be maintained from behind another heater. Supplied bracket to be used for 0° mounting on 1,500 W and 2,000 W models only. NOTE: Ensure that building materials with a low heat tolerance (i.e., awnings, fabrics, plastics, sprinklers, insulation, etc.) are protected against degradation. This may require the heater to be mounted at a distance in excess of the published clearances to combustibles. Contact the material manufacturer for specific details. ### OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES \| QTY. \| PART NO. \| DESCRIPTION \| NOTES \| \|------\|----------\|-------------\|-------\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| DGS SERIES INFRARED HEATER PARAMETER/SPECIFICATIONS - Filtered short-wave electric infrared heaters shall be furnished and installed in accordance with governing codes and as shown per drawing(s) provided. Short-wave electric heaters shall be RE-VERBER-RAY® DGS SERIES, as manufactured by Detroit Radiant Products Company, Warren, MI 48089. - Filtered short-wave infrared heaters shall be Designed Certified by CE and bear the CE Seal of Certification for the United States and Canada. - The supplier shall provide manufacturer's published warranty covering all components utilized in the heater control assembly for a period of one (1) year. - The supplier shall furnish the owner/contractor with _____ copies of the engineering specification form, showing physical dimensions, installation detail, recommendations, wiring diagrams, and spare parts list. - An Installation, Operation, Maintenance and Parts Manual (IOPM) shall be supplied with each heater. - Filtered short-wave infrared heaters must be CE Listed to operate at the designated rating of __________ kW/h. - Filtered short-wave infrared space heaters shall be supplied and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s certified installation instructions and governing codes, as shown per building drawing(s) _______________. Heaters shall be DGS Series, model numbers, input ranges in Watts. - Field supply applicable controls. - Heaters shall operate in given voltages: \| Volt \| Phase \| Hertz \| \|------\|-------\|-------\| \| 120 \| 1ph \| 50/60 \| \| 230 \| 1ph \| 50/60 \| DGS SERIES INFRARED HEATER CONSTRUCTION - Heaters shall operate in given wattage inputs of 1,500 to 2,000. - The heater housing shall be constructed of aluminum with bronze-colored and gold-filtered red lamps. - The emitter tubing shall be argon filled evacuated blown quartz with high temperature ceramic end caps. - Factory supplied mounting brackets shall accommodate for sidewall or ceiling mounting.	c972145e-0db9-4f0b-bef4-80d674b33f8f	CC-MAIN-2020-45	https://www.reverberray.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/LSDGS_DGSDS-FORM.pdf	2020-10-28T14:18:42+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-45/subset=warc/part-00185-6409130e-6e9b-44d1-90ec-9f9d0ade2504.c000.gz.parquet	854,281,986	1,464	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.972806	eng_Latn	0.977463	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 1237, 2577, 3788, 5748 ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.