HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscript
N Engl J Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 March 09. Published in final edited form as: N Engl J Med. 2016 July 14; 375(2): 134–142. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1515725.
Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Author Manuscript
Rudolph M. Navari, M.D., Rui Qin, Ph.D., Kathryn J. Ruddy, M.D., Heshan Liu, Ph.D., Steven F. Powell, M.D., Madhuri Bajaj, M.D., Leah Dietrich, M.D., David Biggs, M.D., Jacqueline M. Lafky, M.S., and Charles L. Loprinzi, M.D. Indiana University School of Medicine–South Bend, South Bend (R.M.N.); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic (R.Q., H.L.), and Mayo Clinic (K.J.R., J.M.L., C.L.L.), Rochester, MN; Sanford NCORP (National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program) of the North Central Plains, Sioux Falls, SD (S.F.P.); Illinois Cancer Care–Peoria, Peoria (M.B.); Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, WI (L.D.); and Delaware–Christiana Care NCORP, Newark, DE (D.B.)
Abstract BACKGROUND—We examined the efficacy of olanzapine for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
METHODS—In a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial, we compared olanzapine with placebo, in combination with dexamethasone, aprepitant or fosaprepitant, and a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3–receptor antagonist, in patients with no previous chemotherapy who were receiving cisplatin (≥70 mg per square meter of body-surface area) or cyclophosphamide–doxorubicin. The doses of the three concomitant drugs administered before and after chemotherapy were similar in the two groups. The two groups received either 10 mg of olanzapine orally or matching placebo daily on days 1 through 4. Nausea prevention was the primary end point; a complete response (no emesis and no use of rescue medication) was a secondary end point.
RESULTS—In the analysis, we included 380 patients who could be evaluated (192 assigned to olanzapine, and 188 to placebo). The proportion of patients with no chemotherapy-induced nausea was significantly greater with olanzapine than with placebo in the first 24 hours after chemotherapy (74% vs. 45%, P = 0.002), the period from 25 to 120 hours after chemotherapy (42% vs. 25%, P = 0.002), and the overall 120-hour period (37% vs. 22%, P = 0.002). The complete-response rate was also significantly increased with olanzapine during the three periods: 86% versus 65% (P
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We examined the efficacy of olanzapine for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy...
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