MARIO MOLINA Biography - Famous Scientists
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MARIO MOLINA
Mario Jose Molina (born March 19, 1943) was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in
Chemistry for his role in elucidating the threat to the Earth's ozone layer of
chlorofluorocarbon gases (or CFCs). This Nobel Prize was shared with Paul J.
Crutzen and F. Sherwood Rowland. Mario Molina became the first Mexican to
receive a Nobel Prize for science. Until recently he was an Institute Professor
in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences at MIT.
Molina was born in Mexico City, son of Roberto Molina Pasquel, a lawyer and
diplomat, and Leonor Henriquez de Molina.
Molina earned a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering at the Universidad
Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico in 1965, a postgraduate degree from the
University of Freiburg, West Germany in 1967 and a doctoral degree in chemistry
from UC Berkeley, California in 1972. In 1974, as a postdoctoral researcher at
UC Irvine, he and Rowland co-authored a paper in the journal Nature highlighting
the threat of CFCs to the ozone layer in the stratosphere. At the time, CFCs
where widely used as chemical propellants and refrigerants. Initial indifference
from the academic community prompted the pair to hold a press conference at a
meeting of the American Chemical Society in Atlantic City in September 1974, in
which they called for a complete ban on further releases of CFCs into the
atmosphere. Scepticism from scientists and commercial manufacturers persisted,
however, and a consensus on the need for action only began to emerge in 1976
with the publication of a review of the science by the National Academy of
Sciences. This led to moves towards the worldwide elimination of CFCs from
aerosol cans and refrigerators, and it is for this work that Molina later shared
the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Mario Molina married Guadalupe Alvarez in February 2006. Between 1974 and 2004
he variously held research and teaching posts at UC Irvine, the Universidad
Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Caltech, and
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On July 1, 2004 Molina joined the
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UCSD and the Center for Atmospheric
Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Molina is a member of the Pontifical Academy of Science, the National Academy of
Sciences, and the Institute of Medicine. He serves on the boards of several
environmental organizations, and also sits on a number of scientific committees
including the U.S. President's Committee of Advisors in Science and Technology.
Mario Molina is regarded together with Andres Manuel del Rio discoverer of
vanadium and Luis E. Miramontes inventor of the contraceptive pill, one of the
three most important Mexican chemists.
In 2002 Molina received an Honoris Causa Degree from the Universidad de las
Am�ricas, Puebla, in Cholula,Puebla, Mexico. He has received more than 18
honorary degrees.
A short biography of Mario Molina is found in "Oxford Dictionary of Scientists"
by Oxford University Press, 1999.
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