1Sai's Institute of Endocrinology, Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam, India; 2Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India.
Background: Vitamin D deficiency and GDM are highly prevalent with long term implications. Prospective studies to analyse the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose tolerance in pregnant women are limited.
Objectives: Objectives of the study are: 1) To determine the relation between vitamin D deficiency and HOMA indices and glucose tolerance in the first trimester among pregnant women. 2) To study the effect of vitamin D supplementation on HOMA indices and on the occurrence of GDM in pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency.
Methods: 50 pregnant women in first trimester were enrolled. FPG, 2 hrPG, FPI, Plasma 25(OH)D were done and HOMA IR and HOMA B were calculated at baseline and at 28 weeks of gestation. Vitamin D deficient women were prescribed 2000 IU of vitamin D per day as per ACOG recommendations.
Results: There was no correlation between 25(OH)vitamin D and FPI, FPG, 2hrPG, HOMA IR and HOMA B in both vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency groups in the first trimester. At 28 weeks of gestation, in the vitamin D deficiency group, significant rise in FPG, 2hrPG, FPI and HOMA IR occurred despite correction of vitamin D deficiency with supplementation. The risk of GDM was similar in both the groups.
Conclusion: There is no correlation between 25(OH)D and HOMA IR, HOMA B, FPG or 2hrPG in the first trimester of pregnancy. Vitamin D supplementation, in pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency, has no role in decreasing the risk of GDM at 28 weeks follow up.