Q: LaTeX cannot find a lot of packages! When I try to compile a file, it gives errors and the output is only math accents. Plain text is not displayed.
Here is the log file:
kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecrm1200

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1200

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian)

kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecrm1200

! I can't find file `ecrm1200'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1200 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1200 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecrm1200.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1200' failed to make ecrm1200.tfm.

kpathsea: Appending font creation commands to missfont.log.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecrm1728

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1728

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecrm1728

! I can't find file `ecrm1728'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1728 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1728 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecrm1728.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1728' failed to make ecrm1728.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecbx1728

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1728

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecbx1728

! I can't find file `ecbx1728'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1728 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1728 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecbx1728.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1728' failed to make ecbx1728.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecrm0900

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0900

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian)

kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecrm0900

! I can't find file `ecrm0900'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0900 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0900 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecrm0900.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0900' failed to make ecrm0900.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecbx0900

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx0900

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecbx0900

! I can't find file `ecbx0900'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx0900 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx0900 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecbx0900.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx0900' failed to make ecbx0900.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecti0900

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecti0900

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecti0900

! I can't find file `ecti0900'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecti0900 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecti0900 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecti0900.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecti0900' failed to make ecti0900.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecrm0800

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0800

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecrm0800

! I can't find file `ecrm0800'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0800 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0800 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecrm0800.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0800' failed to make ecrm0800.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecrm0600

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0600

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecrm0600

! I can't find file `ecrm0600'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0600 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0600 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecrm0600.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm0600' failed to make ecrm0600.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecbx1200

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1200

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian)

kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecbx1200

! I can't find file `ecbx1200'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1200 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1200 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecbx1200.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1200' failed to make ecbx1200.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecti1200

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecti1200

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecti1200

! I can't find file `ecti1200'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecti1200 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecti1200 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecti1200.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecti1200' failed to make ecti1200.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm eccc1200

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input eccc1200

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian)

kpathsea: Running mktexmf eccc1200

! I can't find file `eccc1200'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input eccc1200 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input eccc1200 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: eccc1200.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input eccc1200' failed to make eccc1200.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecbx0800

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx0800

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecbx0800

! I can't find file `ecbx0800'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx0800 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx0800 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecbx0800.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx0800' failed to make ecbx0800.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecrm1440

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1440

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecrm1440

! I can't find file `ecrm1440'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1440 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1440 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecrm1440.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecrm1440' failed to make ecrm1440.tfm.

kpathsea: Running mktextfm ecbx1440

mktextfm: Running mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1440

This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013/Debian) kpathsea: Running mktexmf ecbx1440

! I can't find file `ecbx1440'. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1440 Please type another input file name ! Emergency stop. <*> ...ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1440 Transcript written on mfput.log.

grep: ecbx1440.log: No such file or directory

mktextfm: `mf-nowin -progname=mf \mode:=ljfour; mag:=1; nonstopmode; input ecbx1440' failed to make ecbx1440.tfm.

Process exited with error(s)

The files start with ec and have various latter letters such as ecrm ecbx etc. What would be the problem?
I'm using Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit operating system on VM Workstation.
Here's a MWE:
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{dsfont}
\usepackage{float}
%\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{fixltx2e}
\usepackage{multicol}
\newcommand\blfootnote[1]{%
  \begingroup
  \renewcommand\thefootnote{}\footnote{#1}%
  \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}%
  \endgroup
  }

\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{comment} 
\usepackage{amsmath}                                    % Math
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage[noline, noend, ruled, linesnumbered]{algorithm2e}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\definecolor{bl}{rgb}{0.0,0.2,0.6} 
\definecolor{dark-red}{rgb}{0.4,0.15,0.15}
\definecolor{dark-blue}{rgb}{0.15,0.15,0.4}
\definecolor{medium-blue}{rgb}{0,0,0.5}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\hypersetup{
    colorlinks, linkcolor={dark-red},
    citecolor={dark-blue}, urlcolor={medium-blue}
}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[compact]{titlesec} 
\newtheorem{observation}{\textsc{Observation}}
%%% Start of the document
\begin{document}
This is a test document with $n$ number of lines. $\dfrac{4}{5}$.
\end{document}


A: use 
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
...


A: You should install all packages in the texlive family that bear the name recommended; in general I recommend a full install, so these problems are solved at the beginning. However, the package that contains the source for the European Modern fonts are installed by
sudo apt-get install texlive-fonts-recommended

This should get you in synch. However, this installs only the bitmapped version and you need also
sudo apt-get install cm-super

for the Type1 version, or the result won't be very good.
In any case, the texlive-fonts-recommended package contains the Latin Modern fonts also in Type1 version, so you can simply add
\usepackage{lmodern}

to your file and you will have no reason to worry.
