This course will survey all amniote vertebrates and their winter adaptations. Through the different laboratories students will be introduced to field and laboratory methodologies of identifying Pennsylvania early vertebrates, specimen handling, collecting techniques, dissection, preparation and field sign recognition. This upper-level biology/ecology course is designed to be taken by students to fulfill distribution requirements during their sophomore, junior and/or senior years. Laboratory may not be taken without BIOL-460. Prerequisite: BIOL-101 or ECOL-100. 1 SH. 3 laboratory hours.