multiplied by the charging time in hours.
three-phase, alternating or direct current.
of kilometres driven for five minutes of charging.
and 275 watt hour per kilometer for light commercial vehicles.
80 percent of individual vehicles drive under 50 kilometres.
is recommended in 90 percent of cases.
It is also recommended to only use fast-charging as backup.
using fast-charging too frequently will reduce the battery life span.
A wide range of charging stations is available on the global markets.
Several norms and standards defining the charging methods and user safety are coexisting.
which defines the charging methods.
ensures maximum safety for users.
smart grid, and vehicle-to-grid issues.
You can see here stations made by French manufacturers.
There are four types of outlets on the global markets.
electric vehicles came into effect in July the first, 2017.
It defines two types of charging points.
electric vehicles with the power less Lan or equal to 22 kilowatts.
which transfer electricity to electric vehicles with the power greater than 22 kilowatts.
using a PWM communication protocol.
120 amperes or 500 volts using a CHAdeMO communication protocol.
to be able to charge with direct or alternating currents.
where, when, how, using which method.
ongoing regarding inductive or wireless charging.