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Distribution of intraocular pressure. The Barbados Eye Study.
To provide data on the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in a predominantly black population, which has a high prevalence of open-angle glaucoma.
Population-based prevalence study.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Participants (N = 4601) (age range, 40-84 years) who had undergone applanation tonometry measurements in the Barbados Eye Study. Self-reported race was 93% black, 4% mixed (black and white), and 3% white or other.
A standardized protocol included applanation tonometry and other ocular measurements, fundus photography, demographic data, and an interview.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The average of 3 IOP measurements at the Barbados Eye Study visit was used to compare IOP by self-reported race. Descriptive data on IOP by age, sex, glaucoma status, and cup-disc ratio were examined in the black population.
The IOP was highest in the population of African origin. The mean (+/-SD) IOP values for black, mixed, and white participants were 18.7 +/- 5.2, 18.2 +/- 3.8, and 16.5 +/- 3.0 mm Hg, respectively. An IOP greater than 21 mm Hg was present in 18.4%, 13.6%, and 4.6% of the black, mixed, and white participants, respectively. In analyses that were adjusted for age, sex, and glaucoma status, such values were 5 times as likely in black than white participants and 3.5 times as likely in mixed race participants (P < .01). Among the black participants, the mean IOP increased approximately 1 mm Hg for every increase in 10 years of age. After excluding persons with any type of glaucoma, suspected glaucoma, or a history of glaucoma treatment, women had significantly (P < .01) higher IOP values; however, no significant IOP trends by sex were evident in the group with glaucoma. The IOP was also positively associated (P < .05) with vertical cup-disc ratios. After 2 visits, the IOP remained 21 mm Hg or less in 21% of the persons with glaucoma vs 64% of those without glaucoma.
In the black participants, the IOP was higher than in the white participants. The IOP was also associated with age and cup-disc ratios. The results showed that open-angle glaucoma and a high IOP alone have a different distribution by sex; although open-angle glaucoma was more frequent in men, ocular hypertension was more frequent in women. These data have implications for the detection and causation of open-angle glaucoma in this high-risk population.
Publisher Full Text
Grapherence [↓34]
Authors+Show Affiliations
Leske MC
Department of Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center at Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Connell AM
Wu SY
Hyman L
Schachat AP
Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 115:8 1997 Aug pg 1051-7
African Continental Ancestry Group
European Continental Ancestry Group
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Sex Distribution
Tonometry, Ocular
Pub Type(s)
Leske, M C., et al. "Distribution of Intraocular Pressure. the Barbados Eye Study." Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), vol. 115, no. 8, 1997, pp. 1051-7.
Leske MC, Connell AM, Wu SY, et al. Distribution of intraocular pressure. The Barbados Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(8):1051-7.
Leske, M. C., Connell, A. M., Wu, S. Y., Hyman, L., & Schachat, A. P. (1997). Distribution of intraocular pressure. The Barbados Eye Study. Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 115(8), pp. 1051-7.
Leske MC, et al. Distribution of Intraocular Pressure. the Barbados Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(8):1051-7. PubMed PMID: 9258228.
TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of intraocular pressure. The Barbados Eye Study. AU - Leske,M C, AU - Connell,A M, AU - Wu,S Y, AU - Hyman,L, AU - Schachat,A P, PY - 1997/8/1/pubmed PY - 1997/8/1/medline PY - 1997/8/1/entrez SP - 1051 EP - 7 JF - Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) JO - Arch. Ophthalmol. VL - 115 IS - 8 N2 - OBJECTIVE: To provide data on the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in a predominantly black population, which has a high prevalence of open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN: Population-based prevalence study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N = 4601) (age range, 40-84 years) who had undergone applanation tonometry measurements in the Barbados Eye Study. Self-reported race was 93% black, 4% mixed (black and white), and 3% white or other. DATA COLLECTION: A standardized protocol included applanation tonometry and other ocular measurements, fundus photography, demographic data, and an interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The average of 3 IOP measurements at the Barbados Eye Study visit was used to compare IOP by self-reported race. Descriptive data on IOP by age, sex, glaucoma status, and cup-disc ratio were examined in the black population. RESULTS: The IOP was highest in the population of African origin. The mean (+/-SD) IOP values for black, mixed, and white participants were 18.7 +/- 5.2, 18.2 +/- 3.8, and 16.5 +/- 3.0 mm Hg, respectively. An IOP greater than 21 mm Hg was present in 18.4%, 13.6%, and 4.6% of the black, mixed, and white participants, respectively. In analyses that were adjusted for age, sex, and glaucoma status, such values were 5 times as likely in black than white participants and 3.5 times as likely in mixed race participants (P < .01). Among the black participants, the mean IOP increased approximately 1 mm Hg for every increase in 10 years of age. After excluding persons with any type of glaucoma, suspected glaucoma, or a history of glaucoma treatment, women had significantly (P < .01) higher IOP values; however, no significant IOP trends by sex were evident in the group with glaucoma. The IOP was also positively associated (P < .05) with vertical cup-disc ratios. After 2 visits, the IOP remained 21 mm Hg or less in 21% of the persons with glaucoma vs 64% of those without glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: In the black participants, the IOP was higher than in the white participants. The IOP was also associated with age and cup-disc ratios. The results showed that open-angle glaucoma and a high IOP alone have a different distribution by sex; although open-angle glaucoma was more frequent in men, ocular hypertension was more frequent in women. These data have implications for the detection and causation of open-angle glaucoma in this high-risk population. SN - 0003-9950 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/9258228/Distribution_of_intraocular_pressure__The_Barbados_Eye_Study_ L2 - https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/vol/115/pg/1051 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -
Unbound MEDLINE
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