Abstract: A spraying technology was developed for use by rural farmers in Northern Nigeria. The farming systems in these areas are put into consideration and in keeping with appropriate technology initiative. The technology was designed to offer the farmers an equitable sprayer that shall be drawn by animal farm power and that is effective and affordable. The equipment was constructed using the parameters obtained from design and tested at a farmland within the University premises of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, in Nigeria. The equipment consists of a boom with multiple Controlled Droplet Applicator (CDA) atomizer nozzles, a gear pump, a chemical tank, and chair for an operator; all attached to a framework bolted to a rear axle. It was observed that the Dynamic Wheel Load assuming even distribution of load was found to be 1575N and a net pull of 820N. The net pull offers convenient task and shall easily swallow energy requirement for spraying uphill terrains.
Key words: spray technology, pesticide sprayer, animal traction, tractor.
[1.] ANNUAL WASTE TIRE TRANSPORT REPORT (2010), Indiana Department of Environmental Management.
[2.] ASAE STANDARDS 2003. ASAE Standard D497.4. Agricultural Machinery Management Data. ASAE St Joseph, MI 49085-9659.
[3.] BRIXTUS W. W (1987). TRACTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS FOR BIAS-PLY TIRES. ASAE PAPER NO. 87-1622. ST. JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659., pp1-2.
[4.] COSTA L. L, FERREIRA M., COSTA A. C., ROLIM G., AND CAMPOS H. B. N (2013). Spraying Deposit in Soybean Plants as Influenced by Application Volume and The Degree of Inclination of Centrifugal Energy Nozzles. Agricultural Science Research Journal 3(11); pp. 344.
[5.] Data Book (2006), Off-the Road Tires, Bridgestone Corporation, Toyo, Japan; and Replacement Tire Selection Manual (2006), Bridgestone Firestone North American Tire.
Abstract: Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an advanced nanotechnology that attempts to create general computational at the nano-scale by controlling the position of single electrons. Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) defines a new device architecture that permits the innovative design of digital systems. QCA technology has large potential in terms of high space density and power dissipation with the development of the faster computer with smaller size & low power consumption.QCA help us to overcome the limitations of CMOS technology. In this paper, A design 16-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) based on the Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) is presented. The simulation result of 16 bit ALU is verified using QCA Designer tool.
Index Terms: ALU, Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA), nano Technology.
. International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), http://www.itrs.net, 2007.
. C.S. Lent, P.D. Tougaw, W. Porod, and G.H. Bernstein, "Quantum Cellular Automata," Nanotechnology, vol. 4, no. 1 pp. 49-57, Jan. 1993.
. A. Orlov et al., "Experimental Demonstration of a Binary Wire for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 74, no. 19, pp. 2875-2877, May 1999.
. I. Amlani et al., "Experimental Demonstration of a Leadless Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Cell," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 77, no. 5, pp. 738-740, July 2000.
. R.P. Cowburn and M.E. Welland, "Room Temperature Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automata," Science, vol. 287, no. 5457, pp. 1466- 1468, Feb. 2000.
Key words: MHD, heat transfer , mass transfer double stratification , boundary layer, porous mediua, convection ,dufour number, soret number, finite difference method.
[1.] P. Cheng, W.J. Minkowycz, J. Geophys. 82 (1977) 2040.
[2.] W.J. Minkowycz, P. Cheng, C.H. Chang, Numer. Heat Transfer 8 (1985) 349.
[3.] P. Ranganathan, R. Viskanta, Numer. Heat Transfer 7 (1984) 305.
[4.] A. Nakayama, H. Koyama, J. Heat Transfer 109 (1987) 1041.
[5.] J.C. Hsieh, T.S. Chen, B.F. Armaly, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 36 (1985) 1485.
Abstract: This review paper deals with the evolution of the general processes employed in the suction process of IC Engines. The suction process has evolved from the traditional use of carburettors to much more sophisticated systems like CRDi, MPFi, etc. used in modern days. In doing so, various parameters such as the volumetric efficiency and the turbulence, etc. inside the engine have to be considered. Additional processes such as supercharging and turbocharging are employed to improve these parameters. It is also highly desirable to vary the Air-Fuel ratio effectively according to the speed of the engine for better power output and mileage. Thus researchers have developed several ways over the years to achieve it. Recent research work being carried out in this field is in the areas of Pressure Wave Superchargers, Variable Geometry Turbochargers, Multiple Intake valves, Shrouded Intake Valves, Camless Engines etc. Many of these technologies have been employed in the industry such as the DTS-Si, TDi&i-vtec Engines. Thus, the Automobile Industry has come a long way in evolving the intake processes and further developments will always be on the way.
Key words: Volumetric efficiency, Turbulence, Swirl, Carburettor, Fuel Injector, Supercharger, Turbocharger.
 SAE Technical Paper 780413, 1978, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc..
 Chun Tai, Tsu-Chin Tsao, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, "Control of an Electromechanical Actuator for Camless Engines" SAE Paper 800794.
 Caris, D. F. and Nelson, E. E. 1959. A New Look at High Compression Engines, SAE Transactions, vol. 67, pp. 112-124.
Abstract: Main objective of this paper is to prepare composite material filled hollow Al columns and test them for their compressive strengths and compare the results with Rankine's columnar theory and Finite Element Analysis using Ansys 2014. The idea of filling the particulate polymer composite material in an aluminium tube is taken from a research paper presented at 14th international conference on computing in civil and building engineering in Moscow, Russia (27-29 June 2012) by Feng Zhou and Ben Young, in which they filled the Al tube with concrete and conducted Finite Elemental Analysis. The composites used in the project are Epoxy-graphite, Epoxy-MS powder, Epoxy-MS flakes, all these three samples are taken in a hollow Al CHS tube. Another two specimens were prepared by using epoxy-graphite powder and epoxy-MS powder without using Al tube. These specimens were subjected to crushing force and the readings obtained were compared with the results obtained by conducting Finite elemental analysis in ANSYS. The applications include columns in buildings, columns of bridges, and as columns in earthquake zones as the outer hollow metal has the capability to withstand heavy loads and dampens the vibrations.
[1.] ISCCBE 14th international conference on computing in civil and building engineering Moscow, Russia, 27-29 June 2012, by Feng Zhou and Ben Young.
[2.] Elsevier journal, " Effects of particle size, particle/ matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate polymer composites" by Shao-yun Fu, Xi-Qiao Feng, Bernd Lauke, Yiu-Wing Mai.
[3.] Composite materials by Bhagwan D Agarwal and Lawrence J. Broutman, Kanpur, U.P India, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A July 1979.
[4.] IOSR journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) "Numerical computational of effective thermal conductivity of polymer composites filled with rice husk particles" by Kush kumar Dewangan, Vinod Naik, Durga Agarwal.
[5.] Nano silica-reinforced polymer composites" by Marjetka Conradi from Institute of metals and Technology, Slovenia.
Abstract: Electrical resistivity survey was carried out in a site proposed for the construction and installation of a Power sub-station. The project will involve subsurface installation of cables and other objects that easily conduct electricity. Extant laws including EIA also require knowledge of subsurface distribution of resistivity in construction projects that would involve burial of steel pipes and cables. The imperative of this is emphasized by the location of the project in an area of shallow groundwater conditions. Field resistivity measurements were undertaken using ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000, adopting Schlumberger configuration in vertical electric sounding at 12 locations within the study site. The results were used to generate geo-electric log models. Three geo-electric profile models (pseudo- profiles) were also taken NE-SW of the site. Interpretation of the models shows that the area is characterized by two geo-electric layers to the depth of 30m. The upper layer of lower resistivity occurs to a depth of 2-3m. This layer consists of lateritic to silty sands. The lower layer has a resistivity of between 900 - >2000 Ωm and represents fine to coarse sands and gravels. On the Soil Electrical Resistivity Classification (BS 1377), the subsoil falls within non-corrosive class. Objects installed in the soil are not likely to suffer corrosion soon. Similarly, subsurface electrical installations will pose minimal hazards and would require basic precautions to avoid electrical accidents.
[2.] Etu-Efeotor, J.O. and Akpokodje, E.G (1990). Aquifer Systems of the Niger Delta. Nig. Jl Min. Geol. Vol. 26, No. 2, pp 278 – 284.
[4.] Keller, G.V and Frischnecht (1970) electrical Methods in Geophysical Prospecting, 2nd edition. Pergamon Press, New York NY, 517pp.
Abstract: A reduced rating voltage-source converter with a zig-zag transformer as a distribution static compensator is proposed for power-quality improvement in the three-phase four-wire distribution system. The source voltages in the distribution systems are also experiencing power quality problems, such as harmonics, unbalance, flicker, sag, swell, etc. The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed for compensating power quality problems in the current, and the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is used for mitigating the power quality problems in the voltage. The zig-zag transformer is used for the neutral current compensation. Distribution systems are facing severe power-quality (PQ) problems, such as poor voltage regulation, high reactive power and harmonics current burden, load unbalancing, excessive neutral current, etc. The zig-zag transformer is used for providing a path to the zero-sequence current. The DSTATCOM is used to improve the quality of power to the non linear loads. By using both zig-zag transformer and DSTATCOM in the distribution system the rating of the voltage source converter can be reduced. Hence it can be also called reduced rating device. The performance of the DSTATCOM is validated through extensive simulations using MATLAB software with its Simulink and power system block set toolboxes..
 G. T. Heydt, Electric Power Quality, 2nd ed. West Lafayette, IN: Stars in a Circle, 1994.
 R. C. Dugan, M. F. McGranaghan, and H. W. Beaty, Electric Power Systems Quality. New York: McGraw Hill, 1996.
 M. H. J. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions, ser. IEEE Press Power Eng. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2000.
 J. Arrilaga, N. R.Wattson, and S. Chen, Power System Quality Assessment. New York: Wiley, 2000.
 C. Sankaran, Power Quality. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2001.
Abstract: Accurate metering, detection of energy theft and implementation of proper tariff as well as billing system are vital in wise energy management. These objectives can be achieved by using Smart Meters. This article introduces a microcontroller based Smart Meter using wireless communication and LabVIEW suitable for the Indian Energy Scenario. The Smart Meter and Time Of Day (TOD) tariff pricing make the consumers an active part of energy management, thereby energy deficit during peak hours can be alleviated indirectly.
 K. L. Lam, H. Y. Tung, L. T. Lee and K. F. Tsang, ZigBee Automatic Meter Reading System – Beeline of Metering, Proc. IEEE Microwave Conference, Asia-Pacific, , 2008, 1-4.
 V. V. Das, Wireless Communication System for Energy Meter Reading, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing, Kerala, October, 2009, 896-898.
 A. Abdollahi, M. Dehghani and N. Zamanzadeh, SMS-based Reconfigurable Automatic Meter Reading System, Proc. IEEE 16th International Conference on Control Applications, Singapore, October 2007, 1103-1107.
 A. Jain, D. Kumar and J. Kedia, Smart and Intelligent GSM based Automatic Meter Reading System, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 1(3), 2012, 1-6.
Abstract: In this article, wavelet based lossy video compression algorithm is presented. The motion estimation and compensation, being an important part in the compression, is based on segment movements. The proposed work is based on wavelet transform algorithm Embedded Zeroed WaveletTransform (EZWT). Based on the results of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error (MSE), different videos are analyzed. Maintaining the PSNR to acceptable limits the proposed EZWT algorithm achieves very good compression ratios making the technique more efficient than the 2-Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) in the H.264/AVC codec. The method is being suitable for low bit rate video showing highest compression ratio and very good PSNR of more than 30dB..
 Iain E. G. Richardson, H.264 ad Mpeg-4 Video Compression, Video Coding for next generation multimedia, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate,Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England (2003).
 Iain Richardson , Vcodex.com 2007-2013 Vcodex White Paper: An overview of H.264 Advanced Video Coding.
 C.-L. Chang and B. Girod, ―Direction-adaptive discrete wavelet transform for image compression,‖ Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1289–1302, May 2007.
 Olivier Rioul and Martin Vetterli, "Wavelets and Signal Processing‖, IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 14 - 38 October 1991.
Abstract: In today"s scenario of increasing energy needs, there is a huge dependence on renewable energy sources along with the conventional sources. One of the most important renewable energy resources is the sun. However, the problem with solar power is that it is directly dependent on light intensity. To produce the maximum amount of energy, a solar panel must be perpendicular to the light source. Because the sun moves both throughout the day as well as throughout a year, a solar panel must be able to follow the sun"s movement to produce the maximum possible power. There are a large number of methods available for solar tracking and hence maximizing the output .This paper proposes an Arduino Uno microcontroller board based solar tracking system. As compared to the conventional solar panels, the one mounted with microcontroller based tracking system will give enhanced output.
Key words: Microcontroller, Tracking, Light Dependent Resistors.
[1.] A.B.Afarulrazi, W.M.Utomo, K.L.Liew and M. Zarafi "Solar Tracker Robot using Microcontroller" published in 2011 International Conference on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.
[2.] Md.Tanvir Arafat Khan, S.M.Shahrear Tanzil, Rifat Rahman, SM Shafiul Alam "Design and Construction of an Automatic Solar Tracking System" published in 6th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering ICECE 2010, 18-20 December 2010, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[3.] Nader Barsoum "Implementation of a Prototype for a traditional Solar tracking system" published in the 2009 third UKSim European Symposium on Computer Modelling and Simulation.
[4.] Lwin Lwin Oo and Nang Kaythi Hlaing "Microcontroller Based Two Axis Solar Tracking System" published in Second International Conference on Computer Research and Development.
[5.] Shen, C.L.; Tsai, C.T. Double-linear approximation algorithm to achieve maximum-power-point tracking for photovoltaic arrays. Energies 2012, 5, 1982–1997.
Abstract: In this paper, we have proposed one designs for parallel-parallel input and single output (PPI-SO) matrix-matrix multiplication. In this design differs by high speed area efficient, throughput rate and user defined input format to match application needs. We have compared the proposed designs with the existing similar design and found that, the proposed designs offer higher throughput rate, reduce area at relatively lower hardware cost. We have synthesized the proposed design and the existing design using Xilinx software. Synthesis results shows that proposed design on average consumes nearly 30% less energy than the existing design and involves nearly 70% less area-delay-product than other. Interestingly, the proposed parallel-parallel input and single output (PPI-SO) structure consumes 40% less energy than the existing structure.
Key words: Parallel-Parallel Input and Single Output (PPI-SO), Synopsis Simulation.
 T. Arslan, D.H. Horrocks, and A.T. Erdogan,―Overview and Design Directions for Low-Power Circuits and Architectures for Digital Signal Processing,‖ IEE Colloquium on Low Power Analog and Digital VLSI: ASICS, Techniques and Applications, pp. 6/1 – 6/5, 1995.
 Massoud Pedram, ―Design Technologies for Low Power VLSI,‖ Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, pp. 1 – 32,1995.
 O. Mencer, M. Morf, and M. J. Flynn, ― PAM-Blox: High performance FPGA design for adaptive computing,‖ in Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM), pp. 167 – 174, 1998.
 K. K. Parhi, VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999.
 L. Benini, G. De Micheli, E. Macii, ―Designing Low-Power Circuits: Practical Recipes,‖ IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, vol. 1, no. 1,pp. 6-25, 2001.
Abstract: Many buildings in the present scenario have irregular configurations both in plan and elevation. This in future may be subjected to devastating earthquakes. So it is also necessary to enhance the seismic performance of asymmetric buildings by using seismic control techniques. In the present study a total of 9 models, asymmetrical in plan (L-shape) are taken for analysis to cover the broader spectrum of low, medium & high rise buildings for the seismic control of the structures using pushover analysis, two different techniques were considered such as lead rubber bearing isolator and masonry infill walls, the analysis has been carried out using SAP2000V15. The results of bare frame and other building models have been compared, the presence of lead rubber base isolator, top story drift get reduced as compared with masonry infill wall. The trend was found to be reversed for high rise buildings especially with the application of isolation systems due to the massive increase in the story displacements suggesting the ineffectiveness of the base isolators for high rise buildings successively the plastic hinge pattern formed after carrying out the pushover analysis was also studied which indicated that structural performance was considerably improved.
 Helmut Krawinkler and G.D.P.K. Seneviratna (1998) "Pros & Cons of Pushover Analysis of Seismic Performance Evaluation", Engineering Structures, Vol. 20, Nos 4-6, pp. 452-464, 1998.
 S.M. Kalantari, H.Naderpour and S.R.Hoseini Vaez " Investigation Of Base-Isolator Type Selection On Seismic Behavior Of Structures Including Story Drifts And Plastic Hinge Formation." The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.
 Dakshes J. Pambhar (2012) "Performance Based Pushover Analysis of R.C.C. Frames"International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies IJAERS/Vol. I/ Issue III/April-June, 2012/329-333.
 Ashraf Habibullah, Stephen Pyle"Practical three-dimensional non-linear static pushover analysis" Structure Magazine, winter, 1998.
Abstract: Purpose: This research paper focusses on the merger of the six sigma with the service quality for the improvement of the services for the service sectors . Approach: This paper approaches towards the resaons for the poor performance of the six sigma in the service sectors ,key factors necessary for the implementation of the six sigma and the barriers / difficulties to the implementation of the same . Findings: This paper drives towards the problems ,outcomes and the benefits obtained through the implementation of the six sigma for the service sectors and the significant and the insignificant contribution concerned with the implementation fo the six sigma towards the service quality .The companies or the organisation who had been the beneficiaries is also discussed . Implications:The implications of this paper is to call for the redisgning a framework necessary for the implementation of the six sigma with the service quality for the other major sectors as well . Originality : This paper provides a fresh look into the six sigma applications to services by combining the thorough analysis of the concepts . Keywords : Six Sigma , Service Quality Paper Type : Research Paper (Study) based upon the research results and the literary results obtained through the various listed and non-listed journals of the Mechanical,Civil,Industrial and Information Technology Works with an orientation towards the Mechanical , Manufactuing and Management .
[1.] .Impact of Six Sigma in a developing economy : Analysis on the benefits drawn by the Indian Industries: Darshak A Desai , Mulchand B Patel G.H. Patel college of Engineering & Technology , Vallbh Vidyanagar , Govt. Engg. College , Shamlaji Road , Modasa(India).
[2.] Six Sigma in the Service Organisations ,Benefits ,Challenges and the difficulties ,Common Myths, Empirical Oservations and the success factors .Jiju Antony ,Research in six sigma and process improvement , Caledonia Business School ,Glasgow Caledonia University , Glasgow , UK. Frenie Jiju Antony & Maneesh Kumar ,Center for Byung Rae Cho , Advanced Quality Engineering lab ,Departmwent of Industrial Engg. ,Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina , USA.
[3.] Implementing Six sigma in Saudi Arabia : An empirical study on the fortune 100 Companies Majed Alsmadi & Brian Lehaney , Department of Engineering amnd Knowledge Management ,Coventry University , Coventry , UK. Zulfiqar Khan ,Coventry Business School , Coventry , UK.
[4.] The challenges of Six Sigma in improving the Service Quality . Behnam Nakhai ,Department of Business Administration , Millensville University of Pennsylvania ,Pennyslvania ,USA. Jaos S Neves , Department of Management , The College of New Jersey , new Jersey , USA.
[5.] Examining the application of Six Sigma in the Service Exchange . Breffini M & Karthik Namasivayam , School of Hospitality Management , Pennyslvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania .Heather Spitler Tomlinson , Shamer Hotel group , State College , Pennisylvania , USA.
Abstract: Various circuit design techniques has been presented to improve noise tolerance of the proposed CGS logic families. Noise in deep submicron technology limits the reliability and performance of ICs. The ANTE (Average Noise Threshold Energy) metric is used for the analysis of noise tolerance of proposed CGS. A 2-input NAND and NOR gate is designed by the proposed technique. Simulation results for a 2-input NAND gate at clock gated logic show that the proposed noise tolerant circuit achieves 1.79X ANTE improvement along with the reduction in leakage power. Continuous scaling of technology towards the manometer range significantly increases leakage current level and the effect of noise. This research can be further extended for performance optimization in terms of power, speed, area and noise immunity.
Key words: Static CMOS Logic, Domino Logic, Feed through Logic (CGS), Low Power.
[1.] S .Mathew, M. Anders, R.Krishnamurthy, S. Borkar, "A 4 GHz 130 nm address generation unit with 32-bit sparse-tree adder core," IEEE VLSI Circuits Symp. , Honolulu, Hi,jun 2002, pp. 126-127.
[2.] S. vangal, Y. Hoskote, D. Somasekhar, V. Erraguntla, J. Howard, G.Ruhl, V. Veeramachaneni, D. Finan, S. Mathew, and N. Borkar, "A 5-GHz floating point multiply-accumulator in 90-nm dual VT CMOS," in Proc. iEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf, San Francisco, CA, Feb.2003, pp. 334-335.
[3.] R.K. Krishnamurthy, S. Hsu, M. Anders, B. Bloechel, B. Chatterjee, M. Sachdev, S. Borkar, "Dual Supply voltage clocking for 5GHz 130nm integer execution core," proceedings of IEEE VLSI Circuits Symposium, Honolulu Jun. 2002, pp. 128-129.
[5.] Y.jiang, A. A1-sheraidah, Y. Wang, E.sha, J. Chung, A novel Multiplexer based low-power full adder, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.lI, vol. 52,2004, pp. 345-348.
Abstract: A wireless sensor network can get separated into multiple connected components due to the failure of some of its nodes, which is called a ―cut‖. In this article we consider the problem of detecting cuts by the remaining nodes of a wireless sensor network. We propose an algorithm that allows like every node to detect when the connectivity to a specially designated node has been lost, and one or more nodes (that are connected to the special node after the cut) to detect the occurrence of the cut. The algorithm is distributed and asynchronous: every node needs to communicate with only those nodes that are within its communication range. The algorithm is based on the iterative computation of a fictitious ―electrical potential‖ of the nodes. The convergence rate of the underlying iterative scheme is independent of the size and structure of the network.
Key words: Wireless networks, sensor networks, network separation, detection and estimation, iterative computation.
 G. Dini, M. Pelagatti, and I. M. Savino, ―An algorithm for reconnecting wireless sensor network partitions,‖ in European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2008, pp. 253– 267.
 N. Shrivastava, S. Suri, and C. D. T´oth, ―Detecting cuts in sensor networks,‖ ACM Trans. Sen. Netw., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1–25, 2008.
 H. Ritter, R. Winter, and J. Schiller, ―A partition detection system for mobile ad-hoc networks,‖ in First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (IEEE SECON 2004), Oct. 2004, pp. 489–497.
 M. Hauspie, J. Carle, and D. Simplot, ―Partition detection in mobile ad-hoc networks,‖ in 2nd Mediterranean Workshop on Ad-Hoc Networks, 2003, pp. 25–27.
 P. Barooah, ―Distributed cut detection in sensor networks,‖ in 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, December 2008, pp. 1097– 1102.
Abstract: Cloud computing is an on demand service in which shared resources, information, software and other devices are provided to the end user as per their requirement at a specific time. A cloud consists of several elements such as clients, datacenters and distributed servers. There are n number of clients and end users involved in cloud environment. These clients may make requests to the cloud system simultaneously, making it difficult for the cloud to manage the entire load at a time. The load can be CPU load, memory load, delay or network load. This might cause inconvenience to the clients as there may be delay in the response time or it might affect the performance and efficiency of the cloud environment. So, the concept of load balancing is very important in cloud computing to improve the efficiency of the cloud. Good load balancing makes cloud computing more efficient and improves user satisfaction. This paper gives an approach to balance the incoming load in cloud environment by making partitions of the public cloud.
[1.] Ruxandra Stefania PETRE, "Data Mining in Cloud Computing" published in "Database Systems Journal vol.III, no.3/2012"
[2.] kashish Ara Shakil, Mansaf Aslam,"Data Management in cloud based environment using k-median clustering technique" published in "IJCA"
[3.] Mohammad Manzoor Hussain, Anandkumar Biyani, Bhavana Bidarkar, "Cloud Partitioning for Public Clouds using Load Balancing Model", published in "International Journal of Engineering Development and Research"
[4.] Mangal Nath Tiwari, Kamalendra Kumar Gautam, Dr Rakesh Kumar Katare, "Analysis of public cloud Load Balancing using Partitioning Method and Game Theory", published in "International journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering"
[5.] Mayanka Katyal, Atul Mishra, "A Comparative Study of Load Balancing Algorithms in Cloud Computing Environment", published in," International Journal of Distributed and Cloud Computing".
18. Computational approach of the homeostatic turnover of memory B cells.
Computational approach of the homeostatic turnover of memory B cells.
Abstract: In this paper, a discrete mathematical model inspired by control mechanisms is used to explore the factors potentially responsible for maximum immunization capacity in mammals. The results have been discussed in light of recent work, and refer to the adoption of parameter values chosen among data gathered from the literature. The model used in this study took into consideration that the immune system is a network of molecules and cells that can recognize itself.
[1.] Abbas, A. K., Lichtman, A. H., andPober, J. S. (20011).Cellular and Molecular Immunology.
[2.] Antia, R., Pilyugin, S. S., and Ahmed, R. (1998). Models of immune memory: On the role of cross-reactive stimulation, competition, and homeostasis in maintaining immune memory.Immunology, 95:14926-14931.
[3.] Ausloos, M., andDirickx, M. (2006).The Logistic Map and the Route to Chaos.Springer.
[4.] Bueno, V., and Pacheco-Silva, A. (1999).Tolerância oral: uma nova perspectiva no tratamento de doenças autoimunes. Revista da AssociaçãoMédicaBrasileira, 45: 79-85.
[5.] Castro, A. An Ag-dependent approach based on adaptive mechanisms for investigating the regulation of the memory B cell reservoir. In: KANWAR, J. R. (Ed.). Recent advances in immunology to target cancer, inflammation and infections (2012). InTech, Cap 16, 423-444.
Abstract: In the recent years with the development of Internet technology the growth of World Wide Web exceeded all expectations. A lot of information is available in different formats and retrieving interesting content has become a very difficult task. One possible approach to solve this problem is Web Usage Mining (WUM), the important application of Web Mining. Extracting the hidden knowledge in the log files of a web server, recognizing various interests of web users, discovering customer behavior while at the site are normally referred as the applications of web usage mining. In this paper we provide an updated focused survey on techniques of web usage mining.
Key words: Web Usage Mining, Pattern Discovery, Clustering, Classification.
 Agarwal R. and Srikant R., "Fast algorithms for mining association rules", VLDB'94, Chile, pp. 487–499, 1994.
 Anderson C., Domingos P., Weld D. S., "Relational Markov Models and their Application to Adaptive Web Navigation", Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGKDD Conference, Canada, August 2002.
 Bamshad Mobasher, Robert Cooley, Jaideep Srivastava," Creating Adaptive Web Sites Through Usage-Based Clustering of URLs", proceedings of the 1999 workshop on knowledge and data engineering, pp 19, 1999.
 Bruha I., "From machine learning to knowledge discovery: Survey of preprocessing and postprocessing" Intelligent Data Analysis, Vol. 4, pp. 363-374, 2000.
 Buchner A. and Mulvenna M. D., "Discovering Internet Marketing Intelligence through Online Analytical Web Usage Mining", Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD, Intl.Conf. on Management of Data (SIGMOD'99), pp. 54–61, 1999.
Abstract: Vehicle anti-roll bar is part of an automobile suspension system which limits body roll angle. This U-shaped metal bar connects opposite wheels together through short lever arms and is clamped to the vehicle chassis with rubber bushes. Its function is to reduce body roll while cornering, also while travelling on uneven road which enhances safety and comfort during driving. Design changes of anti-roll bars are quite common at various steps of vehicle production and a design analysis must be performed for each change. So Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can be effectively used in design analysis of anti-roll bars. The finite element analysis is performed by ANSYS. This paper includes pre-processing, analysis, post processing, and analyzing the FEA results by using APDL (Ansys Parametric Design Language). The effects of anti-roll bar design parameters on final anti-roll bar properties are also evaluated by performing sample analyses with the FEA program developed in this project.
Key words: FEA, Anti Roll Bar, APDL, Design Parameters.
 Kelvin Hubert Spartan chassis, "Anti-Roll Stability Suspension Technology" SAE PP. 2005-01-3522.
 Mohammad Durali and Ali Reza Kassaiezadeh "Design and Software Base Modeling of Anti- Roll System" SAE PP – 2002-01-2217.
 J. E. Shigley, C.R. Mischke, "Mechanical Engineering Design", 5th Ed. McGraw-Hill, pp. 282-289, 1989.
 Somnay, R., Shih, S., "Product Development Support with Integral Simulation Modeling", SAE Technical Paper Series, paper No: 1999-01-2812, 1999.
21. Extensive Reviews of OSPF and EIGRP Routing Protocols based on Route Summarization and Route Redistribution.
Extensive Reviews of OSPF and EIGRP Routing Protocols based on Route Summarization and Route Redistribution.
Abstract: The increasing demand of computer networks is growing rapidly day by day. The growing need to distribute applications across multiple networks with high capacity and high-performance intermediate switching nodes and networks. This research primarily focuses on route redistribution and route summarization of different intra-domain routing protocols such as EIGRP and OSPF. Routing Protocols that use facilitate to exchange routing information between routers. Reasons such as multiple departments managed by multiple network Administrators, company mergers. In any case, having a multiple routing protocol and different autonomous system in networks then without route redistribution we cannot advertise route from source to destination. Of course Network complexity will increase with the size of routing table of routers then route summarization is necessity, to reduce traffic and complexity of network.
Key words: EIGRP, OSPF, Route summarization, Route redistribution.
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Abstract: This study employs a Firefly Algorithm (FA) to determine the optimal osmotic dehydration parameters for papaya. The functional form of the osmotic dehydration model is established via a standard response surface technique. The format of the resulting optimization model to be solved is a non-linear goal programming problem. While various alternate solution approaches are possible, an FA-driven procedure is employed. For optimization purposes, it has been demonstrated that the FA is more computationally efficient than other such commonly-used metaheuristics as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, and enhanced particle swarm optimization. Hence, the FA approach is a very computationally efficient procedure. It can be shown that the resulting solution determined for the osmotic process parameters is superior to those from all previous approaches.
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Abstract: Waiting line problems arise because there is too much demand on the facilities so that we can say that there is an excess of waiting time or inadequate number of service facilities. At the stone crusher plant mine the dumpers come to load from the loader. The crusher plant has 11 dumpers and these 11 dumpers make 88 trips during 8-hour day. The company has one loader to load all the dumpers, which results in a formation of long waiting line or queue. Due to this queue there is a long waiting time in queue of dumpers and cost associated with waiting time of dumpers. Queuing theory can quite effectively analyze such queuing phenomenon. In this research paper I have applied the queuing theory to the stone crusher plant mine, where the queue of dumpers formed at the loading station. By applying the single channel queuing theory I analyzed the current situation of the stone crusher plant mine and find the problems of the current system. To overcome the above problems I have applied the multi-channel queuing theory to minimize the waiting time in queue of dumpers and very high cost associated with waiting time of dumpers. In the new system not only waiting time in queue of dumpers and very high cost associated with waiting time of dumpers is reduced but also there is an efficient utilization of dumpers and loaders along with provide the profitable situation to the crusher plant.
Key words: Waiting lines, stone crusher plant mines, single& multi-channel queuing theory, waiting time and waiting time cost.
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Abstract: In this chapter we make an investigation of the convective heat transfer through a porous medium in a Rectangular enclosure with Darcy model. The transport equations of liner momentum, angular momentum and energy are solved by employing Galerkine finite element analysis with linear triangular elements. The computation is carried out for different values of Rayleigh number – Ra micropolar parameter – R, spin gradient parameter, Eckert number Ec and heat source parameter. The rate of heat transfer and couple stress on the side wall is evaluated for different variation of the governing parameters.
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