<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IEMobile 7]><html class="iem7 no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"><![endif]-->
<!--[if lt IE 7]><html class="lt-ie9 lt-ie8 lt-ie7 no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"><![endif]-->
<!--[if (IE 7)&(!IEMobile)]><html class="lt-ie9 lt-ie8 no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]><html class="lt-ie9 no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"><![endif]-->
<!--[if (gt IE 8)|(gt IEMobile 7)]><!-->
<html class="no-js not-oldie" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<!--<![endif]-->
<head>

  <meta charset="utf-8" />
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
  <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/themes/epa/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
  <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
  <meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on" />
  <meta http-equiv="ImageToolbar" content="false" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
  <meta name="version" content="20161218" />
  <!--googleon: all-->
  <meta name="DC.description" content="" />
  <meta name="DC.title" content="" />
  <title>
  Development of an Environmentally Friendly and Economical Process for Plugging Abandoned Wells|
  
  Research Project Database | Grantee Research Project | ORD | US EPA</title>
  <!--googleoff: snippet-->
  <meta name="keywords" content="" />
  <link rel="shortlink" href="" />
  <link rel="canonical" href="" />
  <meta name="DC.creator" content="" />
  <meta name="DC.language" content="en" />
  <meta name="DC.Subject.epachannel" content="" />
  <meta name="DC.type" content="" />
  <meta name="DC.date.created" content="" />
  <meta name="DC.date.modified" content="2003-05-14" />
  <!--googleoff: all-->
  <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.epa.gov/misc/ui/jquery.ui.autocomplete.css" media="all" />
  <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/themes/epa/css/lib/jquery.ui.theme.css" media="all" />
  <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/libraries/template2/s.css" media="all" />
  <!--[if lt IE 9]><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/themes/epa/css/ie.css" media="all" /><![endif]-->
	<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="EPA.gov All Press Releases" href="https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/search/rss" />
	<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="EPA.gov Headquarters Press Releases" href="https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/search/rss/field_press_office/headquarters" />
	<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Greenversations, EPA's Blog" href="https://blog.epa.gov/blog/feed/" />

  <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/themes/epa/js/html5.js"></script><![endif]-->

<style type="text/css">
/*This style needed for highlight link. Please do not remove*/
.hlText {
	font-family: "Arial";
	color: red;
	font-weight: bold;
	font-style: italic;
	background-color: yellow;
}
.tblClass {
	font-size:smaller; min-width: 10%; line-height: normal;
}
</style>
</head>
<!-- NOTE, figure out body classes! -->
<body class="node-type-(web-area|page|document|webform) (microsite|resource-directory)" >

<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<noscript>
<iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-L8ZB" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe>
</noscript>
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-L8ZB');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<div class="skip-links"><a href="#main-content" class="skip-link element-invisible element-focusable">Jump to main content</a></div>
<header class="masthead clearfix" role="banner"> <img class="site-logo" src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/themes/epa/logo.png" alt="" />
  <hgroup class="site-name-and-slogan">
    <h1 class="site-name"><a href="https://www.epa.gov/" title="Go to the home page" rel="home"><span>US EPA</span></a></h1>
    <div class="site-slogan">United States Environmental Protection Agency</div>
  </hgroup>
  <form class="epa-search" method="get" action="https://search.epa.gov/epasearch/epasearch">
    <label class="element-hidden" for="search-box">Search</label>
    <input class="form-text" placeholder="Search EPA.gov" name="querytext" id="search-box" value=""/>
    <button class="epa-search-button" id="search-button" type="submit" title="Search">Search</button>
    <input type="hidden" name="fld" value="" />
    <input type="hidden" name="areaname" value="" />
    <input type="hidden" name="areacontacts" value="" />
    <input type="hidden" name="areasearchurl" value="" />
    <input type="hidden" name="typeofsearch" value="epa" />
    <input type="hidden" name="result_template" value="2col.ftl" />
    <input type="hidden" name="filter" value="sample4filt.hts" />
  </form>
</header>

<section id="main-content" class="main-content clearfix" role="main">
  <div class="region-preface clearfix">
    <div id="block-pane-epa-web-area-connect" class="block block-pane contextual-links-region">
      <ul class="menu utility-menu">
        <li class="menu-item"><a href="https://www.epa.gov/research-grants/forms/contact-us-about-research-grants" class="menu-link contact-us">Contact Us</a></li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="main-column clearfix">

    <!--googleon: all-->
    
    <div class="panel-pane pane-node-content" >
      <div class="pane-content">
        <div class="node node-page clearfix view-mode-full">
          
            <div class="box multi related-info right clear-right" style="max-width:300px; font-size:14px;"><!--googleoff: index-->
              
                  <h5 class="pane-title">Project Research Results</h5>
                  <div class="pane-content">
                    <ul>
                      
                              <li><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6031/report/F">Final Report</a></li>
                              
                    </ul>
                    
                        <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.publications/abstract/6031">6 publications for this subproject</a><br />
                        
                          <strong>Main Center: <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8047/report/0">R827015</a><br />
                          </strong>
                        
                        <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.publications/Center/96">120 publications for this center</a><br />
						
                          <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.journals/Center/96">16 journal articles for this center</a><br />
                        
                  </div>
                
              <!-- RFA Search start -->

              <h5 class="pane-title">Related Information</h5>
              <div class="pane-content">
                 <ul><li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/research-grants/">Research Grants</a></li>
                 <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/P3">P3: Student Design Competition</a></li>
                	<li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/research-fellowships/">Research Fellowships</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/sbir/">Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/search.welcome">Grantee Research Project Results Search</a></li>
                 </ul>
              </div>
              <!-- RFA Search End --><!--googleon: index-->
            </div>
          <a name="content"></a>
<h2>
      Development of an Environmentally Friendly and Economical Process for Plugging Abandoned Wells</h2>
    <b>EPA Grant Number:</b> R827015C024<br />
    
        <b>Subproject:</b> <i>this is subproject number 024 , established and managed by the Center Director under
        
          grant <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8047/report/0">R827015</a>
        
        <br>
        (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).</i><br />
      
      <b>Center:</b>
      
        <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8047/report/0">IPEC University of Tulsa (TU)</a><br />
      
      <b>Center Director:</b>
      
        <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.investigatorInfo/investigator/5841"> Sublette, Kerry L.</a><br />
      
    <b>Title:</b> Development of an Environmentally Friendly and Economical Process for Plugging Abandoned Wells<br />
    <b>Investigators:</b>
    <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.investigatorInfo/investigator/6458"> Shah, Subhash  </a>
        
    <br />
    <strong>Institution:</strong> 
    <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.institutionInfo/institution/4194">
    
      <b>University of Oklahoma</b>
    
    </a> <br />
  
  
    	<strong>EPA Project Officer:</strong>
      
          <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.investigatorInfo/investigator/4005"> Lasat, Mitch  </a>
        
      <br />
      
      <b>Project Period:</b>
      
          &nbsp;
        
          &nbsp;
        
          (Extended to July 31, 2004)
        
      <br />
    
      <b>RFA:</b>
      Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC) (1999) 
          	
        		<a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.rfatext/rfa_id/242">RFA Text</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp; 
          <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/recipients.display/rfa_id/242">Recipients Lists</a> 
      <br />

      
      <b>Research Category:</b>
      
          <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.researchCategory/rc_id/846">Hazardous Waste/Remediation</a>
          , 
          <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.researchCategory/rc_id/965">Targeted Research</a>
          
      <br />
    
      <br>
      
        <h3>Objective:</h3>
        <p>The purpose of this project is to verify that the
use of fly ash instead of cement in the plugging of abandoned oil and gas
wells, water wells and seismic holes is a viable option. Long-term objectives
are to provide a cheaper, environmentally friendly, and more economical method
of plugging wells. The objectives of Phase I of the project were to obtain the
cementitious properties of Class C fly ash from five coal-fired power plants in
Oklahoma and, utilizing these properties, to produce a fly ash grout similar to 
cement grout. Phase I has been completed in which the optimum fly ash slurry 
formulation was developed, tested, and compared with Class H cement. The results showed that
the fly ash plug can be substituted for Class H cement for well plugging.
<p>Phase II objective is to finalize the acceptability of fly ash slurry as plugging 
material. Additional laboratory tests are planned to further determine the quality and 
bond strength of fly ash grout. Furthermore, hydraulic bond strength tests
and shear bond strength tests will also be conducted and they will be followed
by actual field application tests. The optimization of placement technique will 
then be established for the achievement of high quality fly ash plugging for abandoned wells.
        <p></p>
      
         
        <h3>Publications and Presentations:</h3>
        Publications have been submitted on this subproject: <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.publications/abstract/6031">View all 6 publications for this subproject</a>
          
              |&nbsp;<a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.publications/Center/96">View all 120 publications for this center</a>
            
        </p>
        
        <h3>Supplemental Keywords:</h3>
      RFA, Scientific Discipline, Water, TREATMENT/CONTROL, Sustainable Industry/Business, Wastewater, Sustainable Environment, Technology, Technology for Sustainable Environment, Civil/Environmental Engineering, Economics and Business, New/Innovative technologies, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, alternatives to concrete, plugging wells, industrial wastewater, cement alternative, petrochemicals, fly ash, environmental sustainability, green engineering, alternative materials, cost benefit, environmentally benign alternative, abandoned oil wells, innovative technologies <p />
      
          <P><h3>Progress and Final Reports:</h3>
          
                <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6031/report/F">Final Report</a><br>
                
          </P>
        
        <br>
        <h3>Main Center Abstract and Reports:</h3>
        <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8047/report/0">R827015</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;
        
          <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8047/report/0">IPEC University of Tulsa (TU)</a>
        
        <br />
      
        <p> <strong>Subprojects under this Center:</strong> <span class="fileinfo">(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).</span><br />
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1841/report/0">R827015C001</a> Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1843/report/0">R827015C002</a> Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavailability Screening of Soils Containing Petrochemicals<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1848/report/0">R827015C003</a> Demonstration of a Subsurface Drainage System for the Remediation of Brine-Impacted Soil<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1849/report/0">R827015C004</a> Anaerobic Intrinsic Bioremediation of Whole Gasoline<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1850/report/0">R827015C005</a> Microflora Involved in Phytoremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1852/report/0">R827015C006</a> Microbial Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1856/report/0">R827015C007</a> Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6016/report/0">R827015C008</a> The Use of Nitrate for the Control of Sulfide Formation in Oklahoma Oil Fields<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6017/report/0">R827015C009</a> Surfactant-Enhanced Treatment of Oil-Contaminated Soils and Oil-Based Drill Cuttings<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6018/report/0">R827015C010</a> Novel Materials for Facile Separation of Petroleum Products from Aqueous Mixtures Via Magnetic Filtration<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6019/report/0">R827015C011</a> Development of Relevant Ecological Screening Criteria (RESC) for Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Exploration and Production Sites<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6020/report/0">R827015C012</a> Humate-Induced Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Surface Soils<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6021/report/0">R827015C013</a> New Process for Plugging Abandoned Wells<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6022/report/0">R827015C014</a> Enhancement of Microbial Sulfate Reduction for the Remediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Aquifers - A Laboratory and Field Scale Demonstration<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6023/report/0">R827015C015</a> Locating Oil-Water Interfaces in Process Vessels<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6024/report/0">R827015C016</a> Remediation of Brine Spills with Hay<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6025/report/0">R827015C017</a> Continuation of an Investigation into the Anaerobic Intrinsic Bioremediation of Whole Gasoline<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6026/report/0">R827015C018</a> Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6027/report/0">R827015C019</a> Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Salt-Impacted Soil by Native Halophiles or Halotolerants and Strategies for Enhanced Degradation<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8008/report/0">R827015C020</a> Anaerobic Intrinsic Bioremediation of MTBE<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6028/report/0">R827015C021</a> Evaluation of Commercial, Microbial-Based Products to Treat Paraffin Deposition in Tank Bottoms and Oil Production Equipment<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6029/report/0">R827015C022</a> A Continuation: Humate-Induced Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Surface Soils<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6030/report/0">R827015C023</a> Data for Design of Vapor Recovery Units for Crude Oil Stock Tank Emissions<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6031/report/0">R827015C024</a> Development of an Environmentally Friendly and Economical Process for Plugging Abandoned Wells<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6032/report/0">R827015C025</a> A Continuation of Remediation of Brine Spills with Hay<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6033/report/0">R827015C026</a> Identifying the Signature of the Natural Attenuation of MTBE in Goundwater Using Molecular Methods and &quot;Bug Traps&quot;<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6034/report/0">R827015C027</a> Identifying the Signature of Natural Attenuation in the Microbial 
  Ecology of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Groundwater Using Molecular Methods and 
  &quot;Bug Traps&quot;<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/7918/report/0">R827015C028</a> Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil: Project Continuation<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/7920/report/0">R827015C030</a> Effective Stormwater and Sediment Control During Pipeline Construction Using a New Filter Fence Concept<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8048/report/0">R827015C031</a> Evaluation of Sub-micellar Synthetic Surfactants versus Biosurfactants for Enhanced LNAPL Recovery<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/7919/report/0">R827015C032</a> Utilization of the Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Composition of Individual Compounds in Refined Hydrocarbon Products To Monitor Their Fate in the Environment<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8742/report/0">R830633</a> Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8743/report/0">R830633C001</a> Development of an Environmentally Friendly and Economical Process for Plugging Abandoned Wells (Phase II)<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8744/report/0">R830633C002</a> A Continuation of Remediation of Brine Spills with Hay<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8745/report/0">R830633C003</a> Effective Stormwater and Sediment Control During Pipeline Construction Using a New Filter Fence Concept<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8747/report/0">R830633C004</a> Evaluation of Sub-micellar Synthetic Surfactants versus Biosurfactants for Enhanced LNAPL Recovery<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8746/report/0">R830633C005</a> Utilization of the Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Composition of Individual Compounds in Refined Hydrocarbon Products To Monitor Their Fate in the Environment<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8791/report/0">R830633C006</a> Evaluation of Commercial, Microbial-Based Products to Treat Paraffin Deposition in Tank Bottoms and Oil Production Equipment<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8788/report/0">R830633C007</a> Identifying the Signature of the Natural Attenuation in the Microbial Ecology of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Groundwater Using Molecular Methods and &ldquo;Bug Traps&rdquo;<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8789/report/0">R830633C008</a> Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil: Project Continuation<br>
          
            <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/8790/report/0">R830633C009</a> Use of Earthworms to Accelerate the Restoration of Oil and Brine Impacted Sites<br>
          
        </p> </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    
      <div id="block-epa-og-footer" class="block block-epa-og">
        <p class="pagetop"><a href="#content">Top of Page</a></p>
        <!--googleoff: all-->
        <p id="epa-og-footer"> The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA.  Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency. </p>
      </div>
    
    <!--googleoff: all-->
  </div>
</section>  
  <nav class="nav simple-nav simple-main-nav" role="navigation">
    <div class="nav__inner">
      <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2>
      <ul class="menu" role="menu">
        <li class="menu-item" id="menu-learn" role="presentation"><a href="https://www.epa.gov/environmental-topics" title="Learn about EPA's environmental topics to help protect the environment in your home, workplace, and community and EPA&#039;s research mission is to conduct leading-edge research and foster the sound use of science and technology." class="menu-link" role="menuitem">Environmental Topics</a></li>
        <li class="menu-item" id="menu-lawsregs" role="presentation"><a href="https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations" title="Laws written by Congress provide the authority for EPA to write regulations. Regulations explain the technical, operational, and legal details necessary to implement laws." class="menu-link" role="menuitem">Laws &amp; Regulations</a></li>
        <li class="menu-item" id="menu-about" role="presentation"><a href="https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa" title="Learn more about: our mission and what we do, how we are organized, and our history." class="menu-link" role="menuitem">About EPA</a></li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </nav>


<footer class="main-footer clearfix" role="contentinfo">
    <div class="main-footer__inner">
      <div class="region-footer">
        <div class="block block-pane block-pane-epa-global-footer">
          <div class="row cols-3">
            <div class="col size-1of3">
              <div class="col__title">Discover.</div>
              <ul class="menu">
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/administrator-gina-mccarthy">EPA Administrator</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/planandbudget">Budget &amp; Performance</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/contracts">Contracting</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/home/grants-and-other-funding-opportunities">Grants</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/ocr/whistleblower-protections-epa-and-how-they-relate-non-disclosure-agreements-signed-epa-employees">No FEAR Act Data</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/home/privacy-and-security-notice">Privacy and Security</a></li>
              </ul>
            </div>
            <div class="col size-1of3">
              <div class="col__title">Connect.</div>
              <ul class="menu">
                <li><a href="https://www.data.gov/">Data.gov</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/office-inspector-general/about-epas-office-inspector-general">Inspector General</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/careers">Jobs</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/newsroom">Newsroom</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/open">Open Government</a></li>
                <li><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/">Regulations.gov</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/newsroom/email-subscriptions">Subscribe</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/">White House</a></li>
              </ul>
            </div>
            <div class="col size-1of3">
              <div class="col__title">Ask.</div>
              <ul class="menu">
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/home/forms/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/home/epa-hotlines">Hotlines</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/foia">FOIA Requests</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/home/frequent-questions-specific-epa-programstopics">Frequent Questions</a></li>
              </ul>
              <div class="col__title">Follow.</div>
              <ul class="social-menu">
                <li><a class="menu-link social-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/EPA">Facebook</a></li>
                <li><a class="menu-link social-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/epa">Twitter</a></li>
                <li><a class="menu-link social-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/USEPAgov">YouTube</a></li>
                <li><a class="menu-link social-flickr" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/usepagov">Flickr</a></li>
                <li><a class="menu-link social-instagram" href="https://instagram.com/epagov">Instagram</a></li>
              </ul>
              <p class="last-updated">Last updated on Wednesday, May 14, 2003</p>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </footer>

<script src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/libraries/template2/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/libraries/template/js.js"></script>
<script src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/modules/custom/epa_core/js/alert.js"></script>
<script src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/modules/contrib/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.core.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/modules/contrib/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.widget.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/modules/contrib/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.position.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/modules/contrib/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.autocomplete.min.js"></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="https://www.epa.gov/sites/all/themes/epa/js/ie.js"></script><![endif]-->
<!-- REMOVE if not using -->

<script language=javascript>
      <!-- // Activate cloak
	  
// pressing enter will not default submit the first defined button but the programmed defined button
	function chkCDVal(cdVal)
			{
				var isErr = true;
				try{
					var CDParts = cdVal.split(',');
					var st = CDParts[0];
					var cd = CDParts[1];
					var objRegExp  = new RegExp('[0-9][0-9]');
					if (!isNaN(st)) {
						isErr = false;
					}
					if (!objRegExp.test(cd) || (cd.length>3)){
						isErr = false;
					}
					
				}
				catch(err){
					isErr = false;
				}
				return isErr;
			}
	  
	  function checkCongDist(cdtxt)
	  {
			//alert(cdtxt.value);
	     if (!chkCDVal(cdtxt.value)) {
		       alert('Congressional District MUST be in the following format: state, district; example: Virginia, 08');
			   return false;
        }
        else {
					return true;
				}
      }
			
function fnTrapKD(btn, event)
{
    var btn = getObject(btn);
    if (document.all)
    {
        if (event.keyCode == 13)
        {
            event.returnValue=false;event.cancel = true;btn.click();
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (event.which == 13)
        {
            event.returnValue=false;event.cancelBubble = true;btn.click();
        }
    }
}
	  
	  
      function CheckFilter()
      {  if (document.searchform.presetTopic.options[document.searchform.presetTopic.selectedIndex].value == 'NA'){
         alert('You must select a subtopic.    \n  This item is not selectable');
         document.searchform.presetTopic.options[0].selected = true;
        }

      }

      function openHelpWindow(url,title,scrollable)
      {
         var win = window.open(url,"title",'width=300,height=220,left=320,top=150,resizable=1,scrollbars='+scrollable+',menubar=no,status=no');
		 win.focus();
      }	  	  	  
	  
      function openNewWindow(url,title,scrollable)
      {
         var win = window.open(url,"title",'width=300,height=220,left=320,top=150,resizable=1,scrollbars='+scrollable+',menubar=no,status=no');
      }	  
	  
      function openNewWindow(url,title)
      {
         var win = window.open(url,"title",'width=300,height=220,left=320,top=150,resizable=1,scrollbars=no,menubar=no,status=no');
      }
			function openNewMapWindow(url,title)
      {
         var win = window.open(url,"title",'width=800,height=450,left=320,top=150,resizable=1,scrollbars=no,menubar=no,status=no');
      }
	  
	  function openNoticeWindow(url,title)
      {
         var win = window.open(url,"title",'width=300,height=150,left=500,top=150,resizable=1,scrollbars=no,menubar=no,status=no');
      }	  

      function openNewSearchWindow(site,subj)
      {
         title = 'window';
         var win = window.open('https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.pubsearch/site/' + site + '/redirect/' + subj,"title",'width=640,height=480,resizable=1,scrollbars=yes,menubar=yes,status=no');
      }
      
      function autoCheck(name)
      {
         document.forms['thisForm'].elements[name].checked = true;
      }
	  
	  function alertUser()
	  {
	     var ok = alert("This search might take longer than expected. Please refrain from hitting the refresh or reload button on your browser.  The search results will appear after the search is complete.  Thank you.");
	  }
	  
	  function closePopupWindow(redirectUrl)
	  {
	  	 opener.location = redirectUrl;
		 opener.focus();
	  	 this.close();
	  }
	     
//-->
</script>
</body>
</html>