There is an overview The Computational Score by Francesco Giomi.
Perry Roland: Extensible Markup Language for Music Information Retrieval This paper evaluates the role of standards in information exchange and suggests the adoption of XML standards for music representation and meta-data to serve as the basis for music information retrieval.
A good source for file formats is www.wotsit.org/ . Among them there is a collection of music formats. Dot What!? also covers many file extensions.