Differential release and distribution of Nod1 and Nod2 immunostimulatory molecules among bacterial species and environments
Mizuho Hasegawa, Kangkang Yang, Masahito Hashimoto, Jong Hwan Park, Yun Gi Kim, Yukari Fujimoto, Gabriel Nuñez, Koichi Fukase, Naohiro Inohara
Nod1 and Nod2 are intracellular proteins that are involved in recognition of bacterial molecules and their genetic variations have been linked to several inflammatory diseases that are strongly affected by environmental factors. However, the distribution of Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory molecules in different bacterial species and environments is unknown. Here we established a quantitative bioassay to screen and characterize Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory activities in different environmental sites and bacterial species. Using this system, we found that common environments including foods and soils contain high levels of Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory activities. Several Bacillus species were identified to possess the highest Nod1-stimulatory activity among soil bacteria. Unlike other immunostimulatory molecules, the higher level of Nod1-stimulatory activity was found in the culture supernatant and not in extracts from whole cell bacteria. Nod1-stimulatory molecules were highly stable at extreme pH and boiling conditions and were synthesized in an amidase- and sltY-independent manner. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which bacteria present in the environment stimulate the host immune system through Nod1.
Published - 2006 Sep 29
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Soil Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Bacteria Medicine & Life Sciences 93%
Environment Chemical Compounds 78%
amidase Medicine & Life Sciences 69%
Cell Extracts Medicine & Life Sciences 49%
Biological Assay Medicine & Life Sciences 48%
Molecule Chemical Compounds 48%
Bacillus Medicine & Life Sciences 45%
Hasegawa, M., Yang, K., Hashimoto, M., Park, J. H., Kim, Y. G., Fujimoto, Y., Nuñez, G., Fukase, K., & Inohara, N. (2006). Differential release and distribution of Nod1 and Nod2 immunostimulatory molecules among bacterial species and environments. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281(39), 29054-29063. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M602638200
Differential release and distribution of Nod1 and Nod2 immunostimulatory molecules among bacterial species and environments. / Hasegawa, Mizuho; Yang, Kangkang; Hashimoto, Masahito; Park, Jong Hwan; Kim, Yun Gi; Fujimoto, Yukari; Nuñez, Gabriel; Fukase, Koichi; Inohara, Naohiro.
Hasegawa, M, Yang, K, Hashimoto, M, Park, JH, Kim, YG, Fujimoto, Y, Nuñez, G, Fukase, K & Inohara, N 2006, 'Differential release and distribution of Nod1 and Nod2 immunostimulatory molecules among bacterial species and environments', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 281, no. 39, pp. 29054-29063. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M602638200
Hasegawa M, Yang K, Hashimoto M, Park JH, Kim YG, Fujimoto Y et al. Differential release and distribution of Nod1 and Nod2 immunostimulatory molecules among bacterial species and environments. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2006 Sep 29;281(39):29054-29063. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M602638200
Hasegawa, Mizuho ; Yang, Kangkang ; Hashimoto, Masahito ; Park, Jong Hwan ; Kim, Yun Gi ; Fujimoto, Yukari ; Nuñez, Gabriel ; Fukase, Koichi ; Inohara, Naohiro. / Differential release and distribution of Nod1 and Nod2 immunostimulatory molecules among bacterial species and environments. In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2006 ; Vol. 281, No. 39. pp. 29054-29063.
@article{c66f7fea4ea7446099ba864329b13888,
title = "Differential release and distribution of Nod1 and Nod2 immunostimulatory molecules among bacterial species and environments",
abstract = "Nod1 and Nod2 are intracellular proteins that are involved in recognition of bacterial molecules and their genetic variations have been linked to several inflammatory diseases that are strongly affected by environmental factors. However, the distribution of Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory molecules in different bacterial species and environments is unknown. Here we established a quantitative bioassay to screen and characterize Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory activities in different environmental sites and bacterial species. Using this system, we found that common environments including foods and soils contain high levels of Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory activities. Several Bacillus species were identified to possess the highest Nod1-stimulatory activity among soil bacteria. Unlike other immunostimulatory molecules, the higher level of Nod1-stimulatory activity was found in the culture supernatant and not in extracts from whole cell bacteria. Nod1-stimulatory molecules were highly stable at extreme pH and boiling conditions and were synthesized in an amidase- and sltY-independent manner. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which bacteria present in the environment stimulate the host immune system through Nod1.",
author = "Mizuho Hasegawa and Kangkang Yang and Masahito Hashimoto and Park, {Jong Hwan} and Kim, {Yun Gi} and Yukari Fujimoto and Gabriel Nu{\~n}ez and Koichi Fukase and Naohiro Inohara",
T1 - Differential release and distribution of Nod1 and Nod2 immunostimulatory molecules among bacterial species and environments
AU - Hasegawa, Mizuho
AU - Yang, Kangkang
AU - Hashimoto, Masahito
AU - Park, Jong Hwan
AU - Kim, Yun Gi
AU - Fujimoto, Yukari
AU - Nuñez, Gabriel
AU - Fukase, Koichi
AU - Inohara, Naohiro
N2 - Nod1 and Nod2 are intracellular proteins that are involved in recognition of bacterial molecules and their genetic variations have been linked to several inflammatory diseases that are strongly affected by environmental factors. However, the distribution of Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory molecules in different bacterial species and environments is unknown. Here we established a quantitative bioassay to screen and characterize Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory activities in different environmental sites and bacterial species. Using this system, we found that common environments including foods and soils contain high levels of Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory activities. Several Bacillus species were identified to possess the highest Nod1-stimulatory activity among soil bacteria. Unlike other immunostimulatory molecules, the higher level of Nod1-stimulatory activity was found in the culture supernatant and not in extracts from whole cell bacteria. Nod1-stimulatory molecules were highly stable at extreme pH and boiling conditions and were synthesized in an amidase- and sltY-independent manner. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which bacteria present in the environment stimulate the host immune system through Nod1.
AB - Nod1 and Nod2 are intracellular proteins that are involved in recognition of bacterial molecules and their genetic variations have been linked to several inflammatory diseases that are strongly affected by environmental factors. However, the distribution of Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory molecules in different bacterial species and environments is unknown. Here we established a quantitative bioassay to screen and characterize Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory activities in different environmental sites and bacterial species. Using this system, we found that common environments including foods and soils contain high levels of Nod1- and Nod2-stimulatory activities. Several Bacillus species were identified to possess the highest Nod1-stimulatory activity among soil bacteria. Unlike other immunostimulatory molecules, the higher level of Nod1-stimulatory activity was found in the culture supernatant and not in extracts from whole cell bacteria. Nod1-stimulatory molecules were highly stable at extreme pH and boiling conditions and were synthesized in an amidase- and sltY-independent manner. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which bacteria present in the environment stimulate the host immune system through Nod1.