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Hong Kong is the last bastion – Threat against "One World, Two Systems"
遠藤 誉/Homare Endo
Protesters against the recent violence in Yuen Long, at Hong Kong airport in July, 2019 (Photo provided by:アフロ)
Protests by Hong Kong citizens over Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill have been intensifying. Hong Kong, where Western values and the Chinese one-party rule principle compete with each other, may be the last bastion against not just "One Country, Two Systems" but "One World, Two Systems". Can Japan keep taking a neutral stance?
Largest protest that Hong Kong has ever experienced
The Tiananmen Square protest on June 4, 1989 is said to have been participated by up to about 1.5 million Hong Kong citizens.
The second largest demonstration was against the "National Security Ordinance, Article 23 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong" in 2003, participated by 500 thousand people. The demonstration successfully resulted in the repeal of the legislation. Not only was the legislation repelled, the then Chief Executive was forced to resign, which increased the passion and confidence for Hong Kong citizens to defend freedom of speech.
This was reflected in a protest against the so-called "patriotic education", indoctrination policy demanded by the Beijing government in 2011, which was postponed indefinitely in the following year. Joshua Wong, born in 1996, significantly contributed to this protest. As a founder of the group Scholarism, he gave a speech at the Legislative Council, essentially the Parliament of Hong Kong, on June 27, 2011, leading the fight even managed to mobilize parents and teachers. He was only 15 years old at that time. No doubt he was the youngest leader of a public demonstration in history. The demonstration itself did not necessarily attract as many people as other major protests. However, the reason they successfully achieved the indefinite postponement of the proposed legislation, was that actions were voluntarily taken by citizens and students, including high school students.
In contrast, the "Umbrella Movement" (Umbrella Revolution, or Occupy Central) organized in 2014 for universal suffrage failed, although the demonstration was participated in by as many as 1.2 million students and citizens. I published my detailed analysis on this failure in a book, which is still painful to remember.
The point is that an external force, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) of the United States, got involved behind the scenes, making it less focused and cohesive. NED has had an active role in the democratization of countries around the world, but the situation in Hong Kong is a little different. If you are interested, please read the discussion in my article titled "Hong Kong Protests Undermined by a U.S.-China Hidden Battle over AIIB – Occupy Central and NED" dated March 30, 2015.
In the recent case of Hong Kong, neither NED nor Taiwan's pro-independence has directly influenced the demonstration from behind the scenes. Hong Kong citizens feared greatly that they may well be wrongly arrested and transferred to Mainland China at any time, encouraging them to join the protest voluntarily. This is why the protest was united.
According to organizers, the number of protestors reached about two million at its height. This is the largest such demonstration in Hong Kong's history.
Hong Kong citizens' wariness against One-party Rule
A survey conducted by the University of Hong Kong was released on January 22, 2019.
The survey asked interesting questions including "Do you agree with the independence of Taiwan?", "Do you agree with the independence of Tibet?", and "Do you support the unification of Taiwan and Mainland China?" In short, the University surveyed how cautious Hong Kong citizens are against One-party Rule.
In normal occasions, a survey of this kind would ask what Hong Kong citizens may want to be asked, such as "Do you support the Beijing government?" and "Is the Beijing government acceptable for you?", as well as "Do you support One Country, Two Systems?". Asking such indirect questions reflects the oppressing situation of Hong Kong.
The results of the public perception survey revealed the following:
Do you agree with the independence of Taiwan?
Age 18 to 29: Affirmative 58%
Ages 50 and above: Affirmative 21%
Do you agree with the independence of Tibet?
Age 18 to 29: Affirmative 43% (Highest percentage since 2000)
Ages 50 and above: Affirmative 9%
Do you support the unification of Taiwan and Mainland China?
Age 18 to 29: Affirmative 21% (Negative: 75%)
Ages 50 and above: Affirmative 30% (Negative: 54%)
The University of Hong Kong's website says "About 37% of the young generation (18 to 29 years of age) supported the independence of Tibet in the survey last year, and it increased to 43% this year, the highest percentage since the survey was started in 2000".
What is unchanged is that younger people are more affirmative, and older people are more negative, towards independence.
Another outstanding point in this year's survey result was that more than 60% of the respondents "oppose the unification of Taiwan and Mainland China" and 54% think "Taiwan should gain membership to the United Nations"
This means, many of the younger generation in Hong Kong are against Beijing government's control.
This is due to the fact, that Xi Jinping has suppressed freedom of speech more and more aggressively, causing a series of incidents in which bookstore owners in Hong Kong were arrested by the government.
So, in order to avoid any repetition of the failure of the Umbrella Movement in 2014, mainly the younger generation, saw the recent movement as the final opportunity to fight for independence. Older generations are more economically tied to Mainland China and, therefore, they tend to be more sensitive to Beijing's will.
Hong Kong: The ultimate fortress of democracy that prevents "One World, Two Systems"
I have written many times that the root cause of the confrontation between the United States and China, is a high-tech trade war symbolized by the national high-tech strategy called "Made in China 2025" led by the Xi Jinping administration.
It is also being expected that President Trump is attempting to destroy socialist countries during this confrontation. In this sense, the confrontation between the United States and China can also be viewed as a clash of Western civilization and communist ideology.
From early on, Hong Kong has been a place where these two big civilizations met and coexisted.
When the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, many capitalists and people who sought freedom from the one-party rule by the Communist Party of China (CPC), escaped to Hong Kong. Up until that time, during the period of the Republic of China led by the Guomintang, many on the Mainland during that time feared the CPC and called them "communist bandits".
When the Cultural Revolution began in 1966, some of the common citizens who had stayed in the Mainland also escaped to Hong Kong from persecution. "Western civilization" still existed in Hong Kong as a British colony.
After China's policy of reform and of opening doors came into effect in 1978, Hong Kong became more and more important as the financial center for the Mainland, strengthening its presence as a bridge for Western countries and the socialist state of China.
And, on July 1, 1997, that fatal day.
Hong Kong was handed over by the British to China in the name of "One country, Two systems", which triggered many wealthy Hong Kong citizens to flee from one-party rule to Canada, Germany, Britain and Australia, expanding their Chinatowns.
Until Xi Jinping came into power, Hong Kong had served as an important financial center for China. However, once the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) and the mega-economic zone concept of "One Belt One Road" was started, the role of Hong Kong has gradually changed. The financial center shifted from Hong Kong to Beijing and Shanghai, and Hong Kong was almost engulfed by the Mainland as a financial entrepot of One Belt One Road.
The United States, once the mecca of democracy, is trying to leave global economy, advocating the slogan of America First and unilateralism, under the administration of President Trump. Meanwhile, Xi Jinping is trying to become the leader of the global economy.
Having nearly 70% of the countries on earth, including countries in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe, using the logic of any countries alongside the One Belt One Road, as well as attracting BRICS+22, 53 African countries and Latin American countries, the number of One Belt One Road member countries is close to that of the United Nations (193 countries).
In an aim to catch up with and overtake the United States, China is reaching the global top position while polarizing the world (See "Japan May Have the Key to Global Polarization").
It may sound extreme, but some day not just global polarization but "One World, Two Systems" may become reality, in which China is at the top of the world and only different systems remain. That is something we have to avoid.
At this moment, once Hong Kong, which is still "democratic", falls under the control of the one-party rule, the "fortress of democracy against the one-party rule", which is barely alive, will disappear.
After absorbing Taiwan, China will occupy the First Island Chain and approach Japan.
To commemorate the 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese (Beijing) government wishes to get Hong Kong and Taiwan under control at the same time. That is why Xi Jinping, in his latest New Year speech titled "To fellow citizens in Taiwan", declared that China would move forward to One Country, Two Systems also in Taiwan based on the 1992 Consensus, while trying to enact the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Extradition Ordinance)" in order to send those who "fight for democracy" in Hong Kong to Mainland prisons as soon as possible. This is the cause of the ongoing protests in Hong Kong.
By the way, what is Japan doing now?
Japan is firmly against small countries like South Korea, while flattering big countries like China. It cannot argue against accusations of harbouring a "slave mentality".
"The Honorable Mr. Xi Jinping makes a state visit to Japan!"
There is a cabinet somewhere that is proud of such an event, like a treasure or a trophy.
It is Japan that facilitated the Emperor's visit to China in 1992, bringing the present prosperity of the country (See "Japan-Russia Diplomatic Negotiations: Japan Won't Be Able to Fix the Defeat to Russia and China in 1992").
Will Japan accept, even try to bring about the rule by raw power of China, which suppresses speech, to outdo the United States?
Regarding the recent movement by Hong Kong citizens, many of the Western countries issued messages of protest to China, but what action has Japan taken?
As the public perception survey by the University of Hong Kong suggests, the Japanese cabinet values opinions of the economic community, because it is linked to a voting bloc.
It is shameful and dishonourable to the greatest degree.
Compared with that, Hong Kong's young people are so courageous and bright!
Hang on, Hong Kong youth!
Don't give in to tyranny, Hong Kong citizens!
You are the fortress of democracy. You are the hope of the world.
I send you my hearty support from a corner in Japan.
(This paper was written on 31 July)
1941年中国生まれ。中国革命戦を経験し1953年に日本帰国。「中国問題グローバル研究所」所長。筑波大学名誉教授、理学博士。中国社会科学院社会学研究所客員研究員・教授、北京大学アジア・アフリカ研究所特約研究員、上海交通大学客員教授などを歴任。著書に『裏切りと陰謀の中国共産党建党100年秘史 習近平 父を破滅させた鄧小平への復讐』(ビジネス社)、『ポストコロナの米中覇権とデジタル人民元』(遠藤 誉 (著), 白井 一成 (著), 中国問題グローバル研究所 (編集)、実業之日本社)、『激突!遠藤vs田原 日中と習近平国賓』(遠藤誉・田原総一朗、実業之日本社)、『米中貿易戦争の裏側 東アジアの地殻変動を読み解く』(毎日新聞出版)、『「中国製造2025」の衝撃 習近平はいま何を目論んでいるのか』、『毛沢東 日本軍と共謀した男』(中文版・韓国語版もあり)、『チャイナ・セブン <紅い皇帝>習近平』、『卡子(チャーズ) 中国建国の残火』(中文版・英文版もあり)、『チャイナ・ジャッジ 毛沢東になれなかった男』、『チャイナ・ナイン 中国を動かす9人の男たち』、『ネット大国中国 言論をめぐる攻防』、『中国動漫新人類 日本のアニメと漫画が中国を動かす』『中国がシリコンバレーとつながるとき』など多数。 // Born in 1941 in China. After surviving the Chinese Revolutionary War, she moved to Japan in 1953. Director of Chinese Issue Global Research Institute, Professor Emeritus, Doctor of Science at the University of Tsukuba. Member of the Japan Writers Association. She successively fulfilled the posts of guest researcher and professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Her publications include "Inside US-China Trade War" (Mainichi Shimbun Publishing), "'Chugoku Seizo 2025' no Shogeki, Shukinpei ha Ima Nani o Mokurondeirunoka (Impact of "Made in China 2025" What is Xi Jinping aiming at Now?), "Motakuto Nihongun to Kyoboshita Otoko (Mao Zedong: The Man Who Conspired with the Japanese Army)," "Chazu Chugoku Kenkoku no Zanka (Japanese Girl at the Siege of Changchun) (including Chinese and English versions)," "Net Taikoku Chugogu, Genron o Meguru Koubou (Net Superpower China: Battle over Speech)," "Chaina jajji — Motakuto ni narenakatta otoko (China Judge: The Man Who Couldn't Become Mao Zedong)," "Chugoku Doman Shinjinrui: Nihon no Anime to Manga ga Chugoku o Ugokasu (The New Breed of Chinese "Dongman": Japanese Cartoons and Comics Animate China)," "Chugogu ga Shirikonbare to Tsunagarutoki (When China Gets Connected with Silicon Valley)," and many other books.
裏切りと陰謀の中国共産党建党100年秘史 習近平 父を破滅させた鄧小平への復讐
遠藤 誉 (著)、ビジネス社
ポストコロナの米中覇権とデジタル人民元
遠藤 誉 (著), 白井 一成 (著), 中国問題グローバル研究所 (編集)
Japanese Girl at the Siege of Changchun: How I Survived China's Wartime Atrocity
Homare Endo (著), Michael Brase (翻訳)
『激突!遠藤vs田原 日中と習近平国賓』
(遠藤誉・田原総一朗、実業之日本社)
『米中貿易戦争の裏側 東アジアの地殻変動を読み解く』
(遠藤誉著、毎日新聞出版)
中国的特徴に満ちた危機の一年
習近平三期目は異例ではない――鄧小平神話から脱却せよ
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二階元幹事長が最高顧問を務める日中イノベーションセンターと岸田政権の経済安全保障との矛盾
ウイグル自治区トップ交代、習近平の狙いは新疆「デジタル経済と太陽光パネル」基地
A Crisis Year with Chinese Characteristics
人民日報の歴史決議解説シリーズの一つに習近平の名がないことを以て「路線闘争」とする愚かさ
中央経済工作会議「習近平重要講話」の「三重圧力」に関する誤解と真相
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