Our Foresight Studio students in the SFI program have asked what we mean by "pre-competitive purposes"?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK210028/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
The online encyclopedia Wikipedia is an example of a collaboration in which there are both open participation and open access to outputs. In contrast, with collaborative agreements between companies, such as the Merck–AstraZeneca collaboration to jointly develop a treatment from which only they will profit, there is highly restricted access to both participation and outputs.
https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/ce100/the-programme/research-and-insights (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
The Circular Economy 100 is a pre-competitive innovation programme established to enable organisations to develop new opportunities and realise their circular economy ambitions faster. It brings together corporates, governments and cities, academic institutions, emerging innovators and affiliates in a unique multi-stakeholder platform. Specially developed programme elements help members learn, build capacity, network, and collaborate with key organisations around the circular economy.