Today is the 170th Birthday of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, a Russian composer of the Romantic era. Google said the doodle was produced with San Francisco Ballet. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born on May 7, 1840, yes, 170 years ago and he died November 6, 1893. You can learn more about him at Wikipedia.
This Google Logo can be found on every Google property now. To me, it looks like someone is looking in a car's rear view mirror, but I doubt that was done on purpose. The doodle here specifically is of his Swan Lake ballet, which he composed between 1875–1876. For more on Swan Lake, yes, see Wikipedia.