message
stringlengths 0
26k
| message_type
stringclasses 3
values | message_id
int64 0
2
| conversation_id
int64 0
15k
|
|---|---|---|---|
Chess openings are the most important part of the game, there are some advanced ones, some common ones, and some easy ones. This is a list of openings for beginners to the game:
- The King's Pawn Opening: This is a very common opening, you move your king's pawn 2 spaces forward, so does the opponent. This is followed by developing your knights.
- The Fianchetto defense. You move your kingside knight's pawn forward 1 space, then you develop the kingside knight. You then put your kingside bishop in the square that the pawn used to be in, followed by castling. This opening is common among lower ranked players.
- Four Knights Game: This doesn’t happen too much. Both sides start by developing their knights, the pawns take it over from there.
- The French Defense: You move your king's pawn 1 space forward, followed by developing all of your kingside pieces, and finishing by castling.
|
output
| 2
| 266
|
Give me a list of popular current artists in the EDM category.
|
instruction
| 0
| 267
|
input
| 1
| 267
|
|
Currently popular musicians in the EDM, or electronic dance music, genre of music include Illenium, 3LAU, Calvin Harris, Kaskade, and Dimitri Vegas.
|
output
| 2
| 267
|
Which sports would be easiest to find success in if you’re not tall: baseball, soccer, basketball, bowling.
|
instruction
| 0
| 268
|
input
| 1
| 268
|
|
Soccer and bowling would be the two easiest sports in this list to succeed in if you’re not tall.
|
output
| 2
| 268
|
What is the appeal of Flathead Lake as a Summer vacation destination?
|
instruction
| 0
| 269
|
input
| 1
| 269
|
|
Flathead Lake is the largest natural freshwater lake West of the Mississippi in lower 48 contiguous states, with over 200 square miles of water and 185 miles of coastline. It is a beautiful lake, surrounded by the tall and impressive Mission Mountains on the east and the smaller Salish Mountains to the west. It borders several Indian reservations on the Southern end of the lake.
The lake offers an abundance of Summer activities including: sailing, boating, swimming, and camping. The lake offers excellent fishing and the fish species in the lake consist primarily of lake trout, pike, yellow perch and whitefish, with some rainbow trout, bass, and salmon. The lake trout can reach monstrous sizes, frequently exceeding twenty-pounds.
Overall, Flathead Lake is one of the premiere recreational and fishing lakes in Montana. It is popular for both fishing and pleasure boating and the sheer beauty of the lake makes it a memorable one regardless of which activity is pursued.
|
output
| 2
| 269
|
What's the difference between tennis and pickleball?
|
instruction
| 0
| 270
|
input
| 1
| 270
|
|
While they are similar sports, tennis and pickleball have various difference. First, the court size for pickleball is about half the size of a tennis court. Second, pickleball is played with a ball that resembles a whiffle ball. Third, pickleball is played with paddles as opposed to rackets. Finally, the scoring system is quite different as you play for points which can only be scored when you or your team are serving.
|
output
| 2
| 270
|
What is Linux?
|
instruction
| 0
| 271
|
Linux (/ˈliːnʊks/ (listen) LEE-nuuks or /ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name "GNU/Linux" to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
|
input
| 1
| 271
|
After AT&T had dropped out of the Multics project, the Unix operating system was conceived and implemented by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (both of AT&T Bell Laboratories) in 1969 and first released in 1970. Later they rewrote it in a new programming language, C, to make it portable. The availability and portability of Unix caused it to be widely adopted, copied and modified by academic institutions and businesses.
In 1977, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was developed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) from UC Berkeley, based on the 6th edition of Unix from AT&T. Since BSD contained Unix code that AT&T owned, AT&T filed a lawsuit (USL v. BSDi) in the early 1990s against the University of California. This strongly limited the development and adoption of BSD.
Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the first successful commercial attempt at distributing a primarily single-user microcomputer that ran a Unix operating system.
In 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU project with the goal of creating a free UNIX-like operating system. As part of this work, he wrote the GNU General Public License (GPL). By the early 1990s, there was almost enough available software to create a full operating system. However, the GNU kernel, called Hurd, failed to attract enough development effort, leaving GNU incomplete.[citation needed]
In 1985, Intel released the 80386, the first x86 microprocessor with a 32-bit instruction set and a memory management unit with paging.
In 1986, Maurice J. Bach, of AT&T Bell Labs, published The Design of the UNIX Operating System. This definitive description principally covered the System V Release 2 kernel, with some new features from Release 3 and BSD.
In 1987, MINIX, a Unix-like system intended for academic use, was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum to exemplify the principles conveyed in his textbook, Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. While source code for the system was available, modification and redistribution were restricted. In addition, MINIX's 16-bit design was not well adapted to the 32-bit features of the increasingly cheap and popular Intel 386 architecture for personal computers. In the early nineties a commercial UNIX operating system for Intel 386 PCs was too expensive for private users.
These factors and the lack of a widely adopted, free kernel provided the impetus for Torvalds' starting his project. He has stated that if either the GNU Hurd or 386BSD kernels had been available at the time, he likely would not have written his own.
|
output
| 2
| 271
|
Given a reference text about Jen Shah, what is she famous from, when was she criminally charged, what was the verdict, and when was she sentenced.
|
instruction
| 0
| 272
|
Shah starred on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City, which premiered in November 2020. In March 2021, she was criminally charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering and wire fraud, pleading not guilty to both charges days later. Her legal case was chronicled in the documentary film Housewife and the Shah Shocker, which premiered on Hulu in November that same year. In July 2022, Shah pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud. In January 2023, Shah was sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison. Shah began her prison sentence the following month.
|
input
| 1
| 272
|
Jen Shah came into the spotlight in November 2020 when The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City aired. In March 2021 she was charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering as well as wire fraud. She pled not guilty, but then come July 2022 she plead guilty to commit wire fraud. January of 2023 she was sentenced to 6.5 years in prison and her sentence began in February.
|
output
| 2
| 272
|
What are the classifications of Academic Degrees?
|
instruction
| 0
| 273
|
input
| 1
| 273
|
|
An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, usually including undergraduate degrees, master's, and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates and professional degrees. The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries there are lower-level higher education qualifications that are also titled degrees (e.g. associate degrees and foundation degrees).
|
output
| 2
| 273
|
What types of problems in government could AI be used to solve
|
instruction
| 0
| 274
|
The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied, with Deloitte considering that "Cognitive technologies could eventually revolutionize every facet of government operations". Mehr suggests that six types of government problems are appropriate for AI applications:
- Resource allocation - such as where administrative support is required to complete tasks more quickly.
- Large datasets - where these are too large for employees to work efficiently and multiple datasets could be combined to provide greater insights.
- Experts shortage - including where basic questions could be answered and niche issues can be learned.
- Predictable scenario - historical data makes the situation predictable.
- Procedural - repetitive tasks where inputs or outputs have a binary answer.
- Diverse data - where data takes a variety of forms (such as visual and linguistic) and needs to be summarised regularly.
|
input
| 1
| 274
|
The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied but some appropriate areas to consider AI applications include: Resource allocation; Large datasets; Repetitive tasks; Answering basic questions; Summarising data from multiple forms; Predicting future scenarios based on historical data.
|
output
| 2
| 274
|
Why isn't multi-threading making my Python code faster? How can I fix it.
|
instruction
| 0
| 275
|
input
| 1
| 275
|
|
Python restricts access to the interpreter with a Global Interpreter Lock, referred to as the GIL, for internal thread-safety requirements. Unfortunately, this design decision restricts only allows one thread to interpret Python code at a time, even on a machine with the capability to run multiple threads together.
If you wish to run Python code on a set of data, and the data can be broken up into independent segments (a process known as data partitioning), you may wish to look into the multiprocessing library in Python.
As an example, consider the function foo which takes one argument, arg1, and say you wanted to run the foo function on a number of values, say, val1, val2, and val3.
def foo(arg1):
# do something
if __name__ == '__main__':
foo(val1)
foo(val2)
foo(val3)
To have foo execute on multiple processes together, you could use the multiprocessing Pool to run multiple worker processes together:
from multiprocessing import Pool
def foo(arg1):
# do something
if __name__ == '__main__':
p = Pool()
p.map(foo, [val1, val2, val3])
The multiprocessing library also provides various other APIs for parallel programming. Would you like to know more?
|
output
| 2
| 275
|
Who is the best NBA player of all time?
|
instruction
| 0
| 276
|
input
| 1
| 276
|
|
This can be discussed but it is often admitted that Michael Jordan is the best NBA player of all time.
|
output
| 2
| 276
|
Classify each as either a vodka drink or a gin drink: Screwdriver, Bloody Mary, French 75, White Russian, Gimlet, Cosmopolitan, Tom Collins, Negroni
|
instruction
| 0
| 277
|
input
| 1
| 277
|
|
Screwdrivers, Bloody Mary's, White Russians, and Cosmopolitans are traditionally vodka cocktails, whereas French 75's, Gimlets, Tom Collins', and Negronis are traditionally gin cocktails.
|
output
| 2
| 277
|
How can I get better performance when querying a delta table?
|
instruction
| 0
| 278
|
input
| 1
| 278
|
|
To get better performance when querying a delta table, there are many things you can do.
First, ensure you are using the Photon engine. The Photon engine is designed to handle high-concurrency and low-latency queries. If you are using DBSQL, Photon is included free of charge and is turned on by default.
Second, you can use different indexing techniques when writing a Delta table for better read performance. Z-ordering and bloom filters are two effective techniques when used correctly.
Third, ensure your SQL Warehouse or compute resource is appropriately sized. If you are trying to query a very large dataset from a very small warehouse, you will likely get slow query results.
|
output
| 2
| 278
|
Which coin of U.S currency has the most ridges.
|
instruction
| 0
| 279
|
input
| 1
| 279
|
|
The U.S. half dollar is the winner with 150 ridges.
|
output
| 2
| 279
|
Who was the first woman to have four country albums reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200?
|
instruction
| 0
| 280
|
input
| 1
| 280
|
|
Carrie Underwood.
|
output
| 2
| 280
|
From the passage provided, extract the state Lincoln was born in
|
instruction
| 0
| 281
|
Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/ LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.
Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his successful law practice in central Illinois. In 1854, he was angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, and he re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party. He reached a national audience in the 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, sweeping the North to gain victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed his election as a threat to slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. During this time, the newly formed Confederate States of America began seizing federal military bases in the south. Just over one month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, the Confederate States attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the union.
|
input
| 1
| 281
|
Lincoln was born in the state of Kentucky
|
output
| 2
| 281
|
What is FIFA?
|
instruction
| 0
| 282
|
The recognised international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer) is FIFA. The FIFA headquarters are located in Zürich, Switzerland. Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are:
Asia: Asian Football Confederation (AFC)
Africa: Confederation of African Football (CAF)
Europe: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)
North/Central America & Caribbean: Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF)
Oceania: Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)
South America: Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (South American Football Confederation; CONMEBOL)
National associations (or national federations) oversee football within individual countries. These are generally synonymous with sovereign states (for example, the Cameroonian Football Federation in Cameroon), but also include a smaller number of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example, the Scottish Football Association in Scotland). 211 national associations are affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.
While FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the IFAB, where each of the UK Associations has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes.
|
input
| 1
| 282
|
FIFA stands for Fédération internationale de football association. It is the main international governing body for the sport of soccer (called football internationally outside the US)
|
output
| 2
| 282
|
why is Mahatma Gandhi loved by everyone?
|
instruction
| 0
| 283
|
input
| 1
| 283
|
|
Mahatma Gandhi preached non-cooperation using non-violent methods as a way to win against the oppressive rulers without resorting to guns. This is difficult to do and requires public's cooperation.
|
output
| 2
| 283
|
What is Game of Thrones based on?
|
instruction
| 0
| 284
|
input
| 1
| 284
|
|
Game of Thrones is based on the books written by George R. R. Martin called a Song of Ice and Fire.
|
output
| 2
| 284
|
What are the benefits of collaborating on a tech blog with your customers?
|
instruction
| 0
| 285
|
input
| 1
| 285
|
|
It will improve visibility of the product. It will help with your customers' career. It will benefit other customers with related use cases.
|
output
| 2
| 285
|
Given this paragraph, how many public high schools are in Arlington, Virginia?
|
instruction
| 0
| 286
|
Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900).
|
input
| 1
| 286
|
There are 3 public high schools in Arlington, Va.
|
output
| 2
| 286
|
What are all of the professional baseball teams in the state of Florida?
|
instruction
| 0
| 287
|
input
| 1
| 287
|
|
The professional baseball teams in the state of Florida are the Tampa Bay Rays and Miami Marlins.
|
output
| 2
| 287
|
Given the reference text about the Cy Young Award, please describe what the award is and why it is awarded.
|
instruction
| 0
| 288
|
The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB), one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league.
|
input
| 1
| 288
|
The Cy Young Award is given to the best pitches in the American and National leagues of Major League Baseball, for their achievements that exceed those of their peers.
|
output
| 2
| 288
|
Extract what is Top Gun
|
instruction
| 0
| 289
|
The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is an American military program that teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors.
|
input
| 1
| 289
|
The United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established on 3 March 1969, at Naval Air Station Miramar, California.
The unit's purpose was to train fighter air crews in all aspects of fighter weapons systems and the art of aerial combat. It serves to build a nucleus of eminently knowledgeable fighter crews to construct, guide, and enhance weapons training cycles and subsequent aircrew performance. This select group acts as the F-4 community’s most operationally orientated weapons specialists. Top Gun's efforts are dedicated to the Navy’s professional fighter crews, past, present and future.
|
output
| 2
| 289
|
Where to find the best croissant in San Francisco?
|
instruction
| 0
| 290
|
input
| 1
| 290
|
|
This is hard to say as the answer heavily depends on your preference. Arsicault is generally a very popular bakery for croissants. The croissants here are very flaky and very buttery. If that is right up your alley, definitely give them a visit! Other than Arsicault, there are many bakeries in SF that offers croissant with a creative twist. A couple examples are Hahdough for pretzel croissants and Arizmendi for sourdough croissants. Personally, I prefer my croissants to be not too buttery but moist in the middle and crunchy on the outside. My personal favorite is Schubert's Bakery in Inner Richmond. The price point and taste well align with what I am looking for!
|
output
| 2
| 290
|
Do cats have nine lives?
|
instruction
| 0
| 291
|
input
| 1
| 291
|
|
No
|
output
| 2
| 291
|
What is Microsoft?
|
instruction
| 0
| 292
|
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 14 in the 2022 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2022. It is considered as one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook).
|
input
| 1
| 292
|
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.
|
output
| 2
| 292
|
How do you make soap?
|
instruction
| 0
| 293
|
input
| 1
| 293
|
|
Soap is made with a mixture of natural or organic oils, sodium hydroxide and distilled water. When making soap you need to mix a combination of light and heavy oils like olive and coconut oil and then mix it with sodium hydroxide and distilled water. After this mixture has been mixed well you poor it into soap molds and let it hard over the course of many weeks. This process called saponification is the time it takes for the sodium hydroxide to evaporate from the mixture which causes the soap to harden in he soap molds. Other options you have when making soap are to add essential oils, like lavender and grapefruit to give a nice scent to the soap. This has to be added prior to saponification.
|
output
| 2
| 293
|
How would I get from an upstairs apartment to the parking garage?
|
instruction
| 0
| 294
|
input
| 1
| 294
|
|
If I needed to get from an upstairs apartment to the parking garage, I first would need to know where the parking garage is located. Most parking garages at apartment complexes are located underground; however, some are above-ground. Once I've determined where the parking garage is, I would exit my apartment by opening the door, stepping out into the hallway, and then locking the door, and then walk down the hallway in the direction of the elevator or stairs. I would take the elevator or stairs to the appropriate floor and then exit into the parking garage. I'm probably in the parking garage because I'm going to my car, so the next step would be to locate my car. One trick for locating a car in a parking garage is to click the alarm or door lock button on your car's remote to make a sound.
|
output
| 2
| 294
|
What are three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias?
|
instruction
| 0
| 295
|
input
| 1
| 295
|
|
Three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias?
- "Quando m'en vo" from La Boheme by Puccini
- "O mio babbino caro" from Gianni Schicchi by Puccini
- "Deh! vieni non tardar" from Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart
|
output
| 2
| 295
|
Cases of Anthrax were found in Kerala in which animals?
|
instruction
| 0
| 296
|
input
| 1
| 296
|
|
Wild Boars
|
output
| 2
| 296
|
Categorize the following Taylor Swift songs based on what album they are in: The Archer, tolerate it, Lover, Love Story (Taylor's Version), Bejeweled, Don't Blame Me, 22 (Taylor's version), Look What You Made Me Do, Lavender Haze, willow, Cruel Summer
|
instruction
| 0
| 297
|
input
| 1
| 297
|
|
The following songs are in Taylor Swift's album Lover: The Archer, Lover, Cruel Summer.
The following song is in the album Fearless (Taylor's Version): Love Story (Taylor's Version)
The following songs are in the album evermore: tolerate it, willow
The following songs are in the album Reputation: Don't Blame Me, Look What You Made Me Do
The following song is in the album Red (Taylor's Version): 22 (Taylor's version)
The following songs are in the album Midnights: Bejeweled, Lavender Haze
|
output
| 2
| 297
|
I'm creating a class to explain to kids the difference between items that are powered and can be plugged in and items that aren't. Please divide the following things into those you can plug in and those that you can't: table, hairdryer, television, chair, computer, fridge, comb, flowers.
|
instruction
| 0
| 298
|
input
| 1
| 298
|
|
A hairdryer, television, computer and fridge are all examples of things that can be plugged in and powered by electricity. A common table, chair, comb and flower are examples of items that do not require electricity and cannot be plugged in.
|
output
| 2
| 298
|
Can you describe what team effectiveness is?
|
instruction
| 0
| 299
|
Team effectiveness (also referred to as group effectiveness) is the capacity a team has to accomplish the goals or objectives administered by an authorized personnel or the organization. A team is a collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the established boundaries of that system. Teams and groups have established a synonymous relationship within the confines of processes and research relating to their effectiveness (i.e. group cohesiveness, teamwork) while still maintaining their independence as two separate units, as groups and their members are independent of each other's role, skill, knowledge or purpose versus teams and their members, who are interdependent upon each other's role, skill, knowledge and purpose.
|
input
| 1
| 299
|
Team effectiveness is the capacity a team has to achieve the goals set for that team. Teams are considered more or less effective based on their ability to achieve their goals and objectives. Teams are comprised of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the boundaries of that system.
|
output
| 2
| 299
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.